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In this episode,
the need for speed.
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The unique challenges of making
the world's railroads
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00:00:08,030 --> 00:00:10,230
run faster than ever...
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00:00:10,230 --> 00:00:13,360
When you see tiny, little pods
moving at incredible speed
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00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:15,230
down these tubes,
you can really see
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00:00:15,230 --> 00:00:18,200
why this could be
the transport of the future.
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00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:20,470
And the ingenious solutions...
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Without this fleet of trains,
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the whole railway
would grind to a halt.
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That make
the impossible possible.
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It was to be among one of
the fastest trains in America.
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There's no doubt that this train
captured the imagination.
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Captions by vitac...
www.vitac.com
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captions paid for by
discovery communications
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since the invention
of railroads over 150 years ago,
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engineers have been
pushing boundaries in the quest
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to reach the world's
most remote locations.
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Inspired by progress
and the desire for adventure,
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trains are continuously
breaking records
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and traveling further
and higher than ever before.
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But for train engineers,
making engineers go faster
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poses a unique set
of challenges.
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The problem is, every
time you go twice as fast,
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air resistance becomes about
four times more of a problem.
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We needed to
make the network a safer place,
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and at speeds that don't delay
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other passengers
or freight trains.
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Compared to
other forms of transportation,
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trains are easier to access
and provide travelers
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a way to avoid traffic jams.
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But in the quest to go faster,
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hitting high speeds
can mean compromising
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something pretty crucial
if you're a passenger.
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Few countries' histories
have been more strongly shaped
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by its railroads than the U.S.
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By the 1950s,
advancements in the aerospace
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and automobile industries
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00:02:09,950 --> 00:02:13,350
captured
the nation's imagination.
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00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:16,380
Americans were now looking
to the future of engineering
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00:02:16,390 --> 00:02:18,020
and not the past.
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Engineer Dan Dickrell
is in Missouri
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to track down the train
that was designed for speed.
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This is a 1947 Cadillac
and an amazing example
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of American automobiles
of the time.
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People were falling in love
with this car and cars like it.
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Why would you want to be
packed into a crowded train
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when you could be riding
in a magnificent vehicle
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such as this?
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By the 1950s,
the train was increasingly seen
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as a slow and uncomfortable
way to get around,
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leaving it in real danger
of being left behind.
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The task of revolutionizing
train travel
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00:03:01,870 --> 00:03:06,430
fell to general motors'
legendary designer Chuck Jordan.
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His solution... the aerotrain.
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Named the train of the future,
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its bold design
aimed to entice passengers
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to get back on board,
making traveling by rail faster
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and more comfortable
than ever before.
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So, this is it.
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It's the aerotrain.
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It's an unbelievable train.
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This train was the big bet.
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This was the thing that was
gonna save the industry,
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00:03:35,770 --> 00:03:38,200
revitalize it,
and make trains cool again,
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make you want to ride on it.
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The aerotrain
was designed to tap into
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the public's enthusiasm
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for the futuristic styles
being used by car manufacturers.
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00:03:51,180 --> 00:03:52,610
Looking at the similarities
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00:03:52,620 --> 00:03:55,120
between the aerotrain
and the Cadillac,
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it's obvious, the influence...
The nose, the streamlining.
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It looks almost identical.
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Taking inspiration
from the roads,
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00:04:05,930 --> 00:04:07,360
the train's passenger cars
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00:04:07,360 --> 00:04:09,960
were designed like vehicles
of the time.
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00:04:12,340 --> 00:04:14,540
But developers had more up
their sleeves
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than producing a train with
just updated external features.
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00:04:19,110 --> 00:04:21,380
One of the solutions
was materials.
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It was gonna be made
of aluminum,
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00:04:23,780 --> 00:04:25,250
which was revolutionary
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because most trains
of the time were made of steel.
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This made it very, very light.
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At around half the
weight of a conventional train,
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the aerotrain was
a speed machine,
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able to reach nearly
100 miles per hour.
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It looks fast...
That beautiful nose,
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00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:46,200
that sweeping windscreen.
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The 1,200-horsepower engine
could get it up
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00:04:49,170 --> 00:04:51,040
to speed very quickly.
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00:04:51,040 --> 00:04:54,080
But in reality,
it was a huge failure.
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00:04:56,350 --> 00:05:00,280
Unfortunately, what
the aerotrain gained in style,
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it lacked in functionality.
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The engineering doesn't hold up.
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00:05:05,990 --> 00:05:07,760
This area right here, this...
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00:05:07,760 --> 00:05:11,330
This beautiful curve
actually acts like an air scoop.
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Air is forced in with nowhere
to go, slowing the train down.
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00:05:15,370 --> 00:05:17,930
So it's an example of where
the designers wanted
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00:05:17,930 --> 00:05:22,000
some really, really
powerful visual statements.
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The engineering says, "mnh-mnh."
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This beautiful shape
actually makes this train
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go a lot slower.
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00:05:31,080 --> 00:05:32,410
But aerodynamics
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wasn't the aerotrain's
only issue.
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The train's lightweight body led
to some unfortunate consequences
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for the passengers on board.
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There was a big problem...
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The cars themselves
were so light
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00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:48,930
that the wheels had a hard time
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00:05:48,930 --> 00:05:51,430
staying on the rails
at top speed,
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00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:53,270
so the passengers inside
would be bounced around
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00:05:53,270 --> 00:05:55,640
like basketballs.
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00:05:55,640 --> 00:05:57,770
A problem intensified
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by perhaps the most innovative
design feature,
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00:06:00,310 --> 00:06:03,310
hidden behind
the train's sleek bodywork.
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00:06:05,650 --> 00:06:09,280
So, instead of traditional
coiled mechanical Springs,
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00:06:09,290 --> 00:06:12,390
the aerotrain had a system
of pneumatic air bladders.
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Actually, if you can look up
here, you can see them.
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They're positioned around
the corners of the carriage.
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Initially hailed
as revolutionary,
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00:06:21,700 --> 00:06:24,600
the train's air ride
suspension system would,
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00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:26,870
in theory, isolate passengers
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00:06:26,870 --> 00:06:30,940
from the effects of vibration
and body roll.
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00:06:30,940 --> 00:06:33,670
The train was intended
to literally float
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00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:35,310
on a cushion of air.
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00:06:37,950 --> 00:06:40,780
The pneumatic system
of the aerotrain
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00:06:40,780 --> 00:06:43,720
is set up with pneumatic
bladders underneath...
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00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:44,920
Air bladders...
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Similar to these right here,
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the idea being the bladders
and a control-box system
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00:06:52,730 --> 00:06:55,160
could adapt to the conditions
of the train...
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The weight,
how many passengers were...
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Giving a tunable ride.
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00:07:00,200 --> 00:07:02,140
The aerotrain's
suspension system
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00:07:02,140 --> 00:07:05,470
was another engineering
advancement with huge potential
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00:07:05,480 --> 00:07:09,540
that, unfortunately,
was left unrealized.
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00:07:09,550 --> 00:07:12,980
Got a board on top
of very similar bladders.
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00:07:12,980 --> 00:07:18,820
Now, this board, as we can see,
with a little bit of motion,
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00:07:18,820 --> 00:07:22,190
creates quite a...
Quite a vibrational ride.
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00:07:22,190 --> 00:07:25,660
The quality of the ride
is gonna be similar
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00:07:25,660 --> 00:07:29,960
to the water in this cup.
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00:07:29,970 --> 00:07:31,370
So, what I'm gonna do is,
I'm gonna apply
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00:07:31,370 --> 00:07:32,900
a little bit of force here,
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00:07:32,900 --> 00:07:36,670
and what we can see
is a little amount of force
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00:07:36,670 --> 00:07:39,940
creates a lot of displacement,
sloshing the water around,
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00:07:39,940 --> 00:07:44,110
meaning that the passengers
in this particular carriage
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00:07:44,110 --> 00:07:45,780
are being shaken
all over the place.
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00:07:45,780 --> 00:07:47,550
A very unpleasant ride.
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00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:50,520
A design fault which
could have been easily rectified
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00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:52,720
by making the train cars
heavier,
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00:07:52,720 --> 00:07:55,320
but at the expense of speed.
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00:07:55,330 --> 00:07:57,630
Now, what this does...
By adding the weights,
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00:07:57,630 --> 00:08:00,090
it effectively
stiffens the Springs
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00:08:00,100 --> 00:08:02,600
in the suspension system...
The air Springs...
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00:08:02,600 --> 00:08:06,670
By increasing
the internal pressure,
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00:08:06,670 --> 00:08:08,900
creating a tension
in the bladder.
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00:08:08,910 --> 00:08:11,610
With a stiffer suspension
and the added weight,
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00:08:11,610 --> 00:08:17,780
the same amount of force
applied creates less shaking,
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00:08:17,780 --> 00:08:18,950
less displacement.
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00:08:18,950 --> 00:08:20,880
The result is a more
comfortable ride
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00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,150
for the passengers
in the carriage.
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Even though
it never went into production,
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the aerotrain's place
in automotive history
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has inspired train engineering
of the future.
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Thanks to the development
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of its innovative
air suspension system,
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today, passengers are able
to travel in comfort
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and faster than ever before.
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Well, there's no doubt
that this train did do
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what it was supposed to do,
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00:08:56,450 --> 00:08:58,590
but, actually, it did
something much harder...
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It captured the imagination.
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00:09:03,560 --> 00:09:06,630
So much that,
even 60 years later,
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the aerotrain still lives on
in miniature version,
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appearing in theme parks
around the country.
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People all over
still love this train.
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It's a remarkable train
in terms of its appearance.
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And even though, ultimately,
it wasn't successful,
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I'm glad they tried.
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But designing trains to run fast
is just one of the challenges
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00:09:37,260 --> 00:09:40,360
facing engineers
in the need for speed.
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It's quite intense today because
we have some unexpected event.
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Laying the tracks
for them is another.
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He can move and hurt somebody,
so it's an operation
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00:09:50,310 --> 00:09:53,340
that you have
to carry out with concentration.
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Across the world,
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trains are reaching
great distances at high speeds.
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00:10:17,130 --> 00:10:19,230
Thanks to technological
advancements,
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engineers are testing
the limits in the need
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00:10:21,670 --> 00:10:24,570
to make the planet's
railroads run faster
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00:10:24,570 --> 00:10:28,280
and more efficient
than ever before.
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But in order to travel fast,
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a train is only as a good
as its tracks.
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Great Britain.
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A nation
that relies heavily on speed
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00:10:41,320 --> 00:10:43,920
to keep its vast
rail network moving.
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00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:50,030
Completing nearly
4.7 million trips a day,
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London's trains cover
over 21,500 miles of track.
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But keeping
this huge infrastructure
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in working condition
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00:11:03,180 --> 00:11:05,580
is an enormous-yet-vital
challenge.
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00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:15,490
Historically, rail lines
were inspected manually,
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00:11:15,490 --> 00:11:16,890
creating delays
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00:11:16,890 --> 00:11:21,460
and causing an astonishing
1.3 million man-hours a year.
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00:11:23,470 --> 00:11:25,130
When I started in 2001,
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00:11:25,130 --> 00:11:27,270
we needed to test track
more efficiently
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and make the network
a safer place,
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00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:31,270
and at speeds that don't delay
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00:11:31,270 --> 00:11:35,110
other passengers
or freight trains.
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00:11:35,110 --> 00:11:38,880
But what could test the tens
of thousands of miles of tracks
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without disrupting one of the
world's busiest rail networks?
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00:11:44,320 --> 00:11:45,750
The answer?
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00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:53,430
The new measurement train,
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00:11:53,430 --> 00:11:56,900
a 125-mile-per-hour
speed machine,
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00:11:56,900 --> 00:12:00,330
more commonly known to locals
as the "flying banana."
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00:12:02,710 --> 00:12:06,270
To anyone who may see
this train race past,
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00:12:06,280 --> 00:12:10,640
only its distinctive color
would suggest anything unusual,
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00:12:10,650 --> 00:12:11,980
but on board are some
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00:12:11,980 --> 00:12:14,750
of the most innovative systems
in the world.
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00:12:14,750 --> 00:12:17,890
The new measurement train
can test the infrastructure
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00:12:17,890 --> 00:12:19,320
all over the country
at light speed,
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00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:22,520
which means, basically,
we can put the train
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inside other trains' paths.
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00:12:25,630 --> 00:12:27,860
That means we're not
delaying passengers
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00:12:27,860 --> 00:12:29,300
or passenger trains...
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00:12:29,300 --> 00:12:31,000
We're keeping up
with passenger trains.
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00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:39,570
Engineer Richard Wilkinson-Ford
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00:12:39,580 --> 00:12:44,010
is riding this specially
converted intercity 125
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00:12:44,010 --> 00:12:47,920
as it conducts tests
on a section of the track.
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00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:51,990
The new measurement train can do
'round about 1,000 mile a day.
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00:12:51,990 --> 00:12:56,460
So we're pretty well
a 22-hour-a-day operation.
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00:12:56,460 --> 00:12:58,790
Equipped like
a moving laboratory,
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00:12:58,800 --> 00:13:00,860
testing is made possible
by unique,
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00:13:00,860 --> 00:13:04,060
cutting-edge gear
designed to recognize faults
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00:13:04,070 --> 00:13:08,700
at a mind-blowing
125 miles per hour.
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00:13:08,700 --> 00:13:11,010
The four screens we have
on the right-hand side here
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00:13:11,010 --> 00:13:13,610
are our plain line
pattern recognition system.
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00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:16,010
We've got a very high-powered
white light
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00:13:16,010 --> 00:13:18,950
shining down on the track
and seven cameras.
239
00:13:18,950 --> 00:13:23,020
We're taking individual photos
every .8 of a millimeter.
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00:13:23,020 --> 00:13:25,990
That's
an incredible 10,000 photos
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00:13:25,990 --> 00:13:27,860
taken every second.
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00:13:27,860 --> 00:13:33,490
We knit those photos together
into almost a film
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00:13:33,500 --> 00:13:37,800
to identify
where faults are on the track.
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00:13:37,800 --> 00:13:41,140
At super-high speeds,
the flying banana's cameras,
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00:13:41,140 --> 00:13:43,240
lasers,
and mechanical measurements
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00:13:43,240 --> 00:13:48,410
are able to recognize
three critical track defects...
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00:13:48,410 --> 00:13:51,710
Twist... when one rail
is raised or dropped,
248
00:13:51,710 --> 00:13:53,610
causing the train to tilt...
249
00:13:53,620 --> 00:13:55,280
A dip in the rail surface,
250
00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:57,720
which causes wheels to bounce...
251
00:13:57,720 --> 00:13:59,850
And inconsistent Gauge width,
252
00:13:59,860 --> 00:14:03,990
which, left undetected,
could lead to a derailment.
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00:14:06,160 --> 00:14:10,500
If a fault is picked up,
the images are sent back to base
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00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:14,470
and analyzed
for repair at a later date.
255
00:14:17,910 --> 00:14:20,340
Alright, guys.
Whereabouts are we?
256
00:14:20,340 --> 00:14:22,380
But in the most serious cases,
257
00:14:22,380 --> 00:14:25,950
a defect could be deemed as
one needing immediate attention.
258
00:14:25,950 --> 00:14:29,050
You will have
a block-the-line fault,
259
00:14:29,050 --> 00:14:31,050
which is quite a severe fault.
260
00:14:31,050 --> 00:14:32,690
The system will give us
an alert.
261
00:14:32,690 --> 00:14:33,990
We'll stop the train, get down,
262
00:14:33,990 --> 00:14:35,790
and actually talk
to the signaler.
263
00:14:35,790 --> 00:14:38,130
We're blocking the track,
so no other trains can run,
264
00:14:38,130 --> 00:14:41,000
and we're basically telling
the guys to get out there
265
00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:45,900
and get it repaired now
because it's a dangerous defect.
266
00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:48,670
To avoid these
potentially devastating faults
267
00:14:48,670 --> 00:14:49,870
going unseen,
268
00:14:49,870 --> 00:14:52,270
maintenance engineer Roger gains
269
00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:55,210
must ensure the flying
banana's innovative equipment
270
00:14:55,210 --> 00:14:56,940
is in perfect condition.
271
00:14:56,950 --> 00:14:59,050
If you look, you can see
there's a camera here
272
00:14:59,050 --> 00:15:01,950
that points in this direction.
273
00:15:01,950 --> 00:15:04,420
Then, you've got one that
points directly above it,
274
00:15:04,420 --> 00:15:08,220
and then another one that points
on the other side of the rail.
275
00:15:08,220 --> 00:15:10,490
And the same on the other side.
276
00:15:10,490 --> 00:15:13,890
And then, you've got one camera
in the middle,
277
00:15:13,900 --> 00:15:17,230
and the system joins all those
together to make one big,
278
00:15:17,230 --> 00:15:20,370
long picture of the actual rail.
279
00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:23,000
It also works together
with another system...
280
00:15:23,010 --> 00:15:25,010
A laser system,
which is behind us.
281
00:15:25,010 --> 00:15:27,780
And that takes
3-d images of the rail.
282
00:15:27,780 --> 00:15:31,710
All those images are stored
on computers above us
283
00:15:31,710 --> 00:15:33,250
on this train.
284
00:15:33,250 --> 00:15:36,850
And it looks at all the faults
and can tell which ones
285
00:15:36,850 --> 00:15:39,520
are proper faults
and how dangerous it could be.
286
00:15:42,790 --> 00:15:46,960
As it speeds around the nation,
the game-changing flying banana
287
00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:49,800
is transforming rail safety,
288
00:15:49,800 --> 00:15:53,870
with track breakages reduced
from approximately 1,000 a year
289
00:15:53,870 --> 00:15:56,300
to just 100.
290
00:15:56,310 --> 00:15:57,910
Without this fleet of trains,
291
00:15:57,910 --> 00:16:01,510
the whole railway would
probably grind to a halt.
292
00:16:01,510 --> 00:16:04,710
This fleet is crucial to making
the railway
293
00:16:04,710 --> 00:16:07,720
more efficient and safer.
294
00:16:16,030 --> 00:16:18,260
There is no question
that track maintenance
295
00:16:18,260 --> 00:16:21,560
is crucial to ensuring
safe rail travel,
296
00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:23,830
but repair work
can only go so far
297
00:16:23,830 --> 00:16:26,000
when it comes to keeping
the world's railroads
298
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,740
running smoothly.
299
00:16:28,740 --> 00:16:30,070
France.
300
00:16:30,070 --> 00:16:34,410
A nation with the second-largest
rail network in Europe.
301
00:16:34,410 --> 00:16:38,110
15,000 trains speed through
the country,
302
00:16:38,110 --> 00:16:41,380
carrying 5 million passengers
every day.
303
00:16:41,380 --> 00:16:44,450
To keep up with the demand,
this heavily used network
304
00:16:44,450 --> 00:16:48,760
is under construction to restore
nearly 2,000 miles of tracks.
305
00:16:52,090 --> 00:16:55,760
But this critical job is one
that has to be done fast,
306
00:16:55,770 --> 00:16:59,000
taking place at night
during a very small window
307
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:00,930
when traffic is at a minimum.
308
00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:15,650
Engineer Karl Signer is
part of a team near Maurienne,
309
00:17:15,650 --> 00:17:17,720
just south of Lyon,
310
00:17:17,720 --> 00:17:21,560
preparing to put in another
intense track-renewal shift.
311
00:17:38,510 --> 00:17:40,340
The team is expected to replace
312
00:17:40,340 --> 00:17:43,580
almost a mile of track
in the next seven hours.
313
00:18:09,570 --> 00:18:11,570
It's a difficult operation
314
00:18:11,570 --> 00:18:13,970
that starts with preparation
of the line...
315
00:18:13,980 --> 00:18:16,810
Cutting the existing steel track
for removal.
316
00:18:25,090 --> 00:18:27,290
It would take a team of 500
317
00:18:27,290 --> 00:18:31,490
to replace the entire track
by hand.
318
00:18:31,490 --> 00:18:34,360
But with only hours left
until sunrise,
319
00:18:34,360 --> 00:18:38,000
Karl and his team will have
to get the job done quickly,
320
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:41,900
and their solution...
A 220-ton mega machine
321
00:18:41,900 --> 00:18:45,570
that can replace up
to a mile of track in one night.
322
00:19:05,390 --> 00:19:08,200
In order for trains
to run efficiently,
323
00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:11,170
they must be maintained.
324
00:19:11,170 --> 00:19:14,270
Tonight, engineer Karl signer
and his team
325
00:19:14,270 --> 00:19:17,170
are repairing a track
near Maurienne, France...
326
00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:21,880
a crucial component
327
00:19:21,880 --> 00:19:24,180
of the rail-maintenance
production system
328
00:19:24,180 --> 00:19:26,880
that will allow passengers
to get to their destinations
329
00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:28,820
safely and on time.
330
00:19:42,200 --> 00:19:48,140
The P95 track renewal machine
is a 220-ton train
331
00:19:48,140 --> 00:19:53,670
that can replace up
to a mile of track in one night.
332
00:19:53,680 --> 00:19:58,350
This 235-foot-long powerhouse
is engineered to work
333
00:19:58,350 --> 00:20:03,620
through the several stages
of the track-renewal process.
334
00:20:03,620 --> 00:20:05,550
First, the stripping.
335
00:20:05,550 --> 00:20:06,890
As the train moves,
336
00:20:06,890 --> 00:20:10,120
the old rail is pushed aside.
337
00:20:10,130 --> 00:20:12,290
Then, the old ties, or sleepers,
338
00:20:12,290 --> 00:20:14,630
are scooped out
by a clawlike arm
339
00:20:14,630 --> 00:20:18,570
and moved by a gantry crane
to the rear of the train.
340
00:20:18,570 --> 00:20:20,900
The ballast is leveled out.
341
00:20:20,900 --> 00:20:22,700
New concrete ties are collected
342
00:20:22,710 --> 00:20:26,170
and moved to the front
of the train,
343
00:20:26,180 --> 00:20:30,140
where a conveyor belt
delivers them into position.
344
00:20:30,150 --> 00:20:33,380
Finally, the new rail
is moved into place.
345
00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:40,150
As the train continues
to move on to a new section,
346
00:20:40,160 --> 00:20:42,460
the team bolts
everything together.
347
00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:03,240
As this mighty machine
moves along,
348
00:21:03,250 --> 00:21:05,680
it prepares the line
for the new rail.
349
00:21:20,330 --> 00:21:22,360
Tonight's work is
part of a bigger plan
350
00:21:22,360 --> 00:21:27,170
to upgrade half of France's
entire network by 2024,
351
00:21:27,170 --> 00:21:29,770
so working at full speed
is critical.
352
00:21:31,740 --> 00:21:33,770
But with only half of the job
done,
353
00:21:33,780 --> 00:21:37,310
there's a problem that even
the P95 can't overcome.
354
00:21:54,660 --> 00:21:56,630
Without the power lines cut,
355
00:21:56,630 --> 00:21:59,130
the cranes on top
of the P95 machine
356
00:21:59,130 --> 00:22:02,870
can't move the new ties
into place.
357
00:22:02,870 --> 00:22:05,970
This step is crucial to ensure
that the trains are running
358
00:22:05,970 --> 00:22:08,380
and on time
for the first stop of the day.
359
00:22:21,320 --> 00:22:23,160
In just a few hours,
360
00:22:23,160 --> 00:22:25,860
the first trains of the day
will be approaching.
361
00:22:40,310 --> 00:22:43,180
It's a tense night for the crew.
362
00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:45,210
But, finally, the power is cut,
363
00:22:45,210 --> 00:22:48,320
and the P95
makes up some serious ground.
364
00:23:02,500 --> 00:23:03,730
Oh!
365
00:23:10,010 --> 00:23:12,810
As tonight's window
of opportunity closes,
366
00:23:12,810 --> 00:23:16,780
the P95 performs successfully,
367
00:23:16,780 --> 00:23:19,650
an unsung hero
of the railroad network
368
00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:22,920
reaching its seemingly
impossible target once again.
369
00:23:40,970 --> 00:23:43,470
When it comes to reaching
high speeds,
370
00:23:43,470 --> 00:23:46,270
engineers are striving
to push the boundaries
371
00:23:46,280 --> 00:23:47,810
when looking to the future
372
00:23:47,810 --> 00:23:51,580
and creating the world's
most extreme railroads.
373
00:23:51,580 --> 00:23:53,510
Right now is a really cool time
374
00:23:53,520 --> 00:23:55,150
because we have
multiple solutions
375
00:23:55,150 --> 00:23:57,280
for a number
of our engineering problems,
376
00:23:57,290 --> 00:24:00,190
and now it's piecing
all of those together.
377
00:24:00,190 --> 00:24:03,190
When you see some of the footage
of these experimental tracks,
378
00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:05,860
some of the tiny, little pods
moving at incredible speed
379
00:24:05,860 --> 00:24:07,190
down these tubes,
380
00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:08,660
you can really see
why their creators think
381
00:24:08,660 --> 00:24:10,830
this could be
the transport of the future.
382
00:24:34,220 --> 00:24:36,620
Since the beginning,
railroad engineers
383
00:24:36,630 --> 00:24:39,990
have been driven by one thing...
384
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:42,800
The need for speed.
385
00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:45,630
From streamlined designs
386
00:24:45,630 --> 00:24:49,340
to sheer power...
387
00:24:49,340 --> 00:24:52,210
The world's innovators have
tried everything in the quest
388
00:24:52,210 --> 00:24:56,210
to make trains go faster.
389
00:24:56,210 --> 00:24:58,580
The question is, what's next?
390
00:25:06,490 --> 00:25:08,560
The need for speed
has pushed designers
391
00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:11,590
to create some of
the fastest trains ever built,
392
00:25:13,730 --> 00:25:16,200
but there are two obstacles
that stand in the way
393
00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:19,870
of achieving this
ultimate ambition for speed...
394
00:25:19,870 --> 00:25:21,900
Air resistance and friction.
395
00:25:26,610 --> 00:25:28,110
The first problem
is the friction
396
00:25:28,110 --> 00:25:29,440
between the train
and the track...
397
00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:32,150
Those steel wheels rubbing
against the steel track,
398
00:25:32,150 --> 00:25:36,120
heating up,
and causing energy to be lost.
399
00:25:36,120 --> 00:25:38,950
The faster you go, the bigger
these problems become.
400
00:25:38,950 --> 00:25:40,720
And air resistance
is even worse.
401
00:25:40,720 --> 00:25:42,560
Every time you go twice as fast,
402
00:25:42,560 --> 00:25:46,130
air resistance becomes about
four times more of a problem.
403
00:25:46,130 --> 00:25:48,160
In order to tackle the joint
problems of friction
404
00:25:48,160 --> 00:25:50,900
and air resistance
as we travel ever more quickly,
405
00:25:50,900 --> 00:25:52,000
engineers are gonna have
to come up
406
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,400
with some ingenious solutions.
407
00:25:58,010 --> 00:25:59,940
Deep in the Nevada desert,
408
00:25:59,940 --> 00:26:02,980
one design company believes
their experimental project
409
00:26:02,980 --> 00:26:04,680
may be the answer.
410
00:26:07,980 --> 00:26:09,380
Their solution?
411
00:26:09,380 --> 00:26:12,420
The Virgin Hyperloop One.
412
00:26:12,420 --> 00:26:17,360
Using magnetically levitated
pods propelled up to 620 miles
413
00:26:17,360 --> 00:26:20,760
per hour
through a low-pressure tube,
414
00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:24,330
it's an entirely new breed
of super-fast vehicle.
415
00:26:27,300 --> 00:26:30,340
When you see some of the footage
of these experimental tracks,
416
00:26:30,340 --> 00:26:32,970
some of the tiny, little pods
moving at incredible speed
417
00:26:32,980 --> 00:26:34,310
down these tubes,
418
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:35,740
you can really see
why their creators think
419
00:26:35,740 --> 00:26:37,980
this could be
the transport of the future.
420
00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:46,190
Making it all possible
is a team of engineers
421
00:26:46,190 --> 00:26:47,820
based in Los Angeles
422
00:26:47,820 --> 00:26:52,660
led by project engineering
manager Kristen hammer.
423
00:26:52,660 --> 00:26:56,400
Hyperloop one is building
a new form of transportation.
424
00:26:56,400 --> 00:27:00,870
We're going two to three times
as fast as high-speed rail.
425
00:27:00,870 --> 00:27:04,570
And the ingenious system
dramatically reduces the forces
426
00:27:04,570 --> 00:27:09,010
that slow
traditional transport down.
427
00:27:09,010 --> 00:27:11,540
By using magnets
mounted to the pod
428
00:27:11,550 --> 00:27:14,810
that repel against the metal
track to create lift,
429
00:27:14,820 --> 00:27:18,220
the carriages ride
on a cushion of air.
430
00:27:18,220 --> 00:27:19,820
It uses magnetic levitation,
431
00:27:19,820 --> 00:27:23,860
or Maglev, to float slightly
above the steps of the track,
432
00:27:23,860 --> 00:27:27,630
eliminating all of
that contact force.
433
00:27:27,630 --> 00:27:29,330
We don't have friction
from wheels,
434
00:27:29,330 --> 00:27:31,000
so it allows us
to go really fast...
435
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:34,700
Upwards of 1,000 kilometers
an hour.
436
00:27:34,700 --> 00:27:36,240
There's no bumps in your ride.
437
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:37,570
There's no turbulence.
438
00:27:37,570 --> 00:27:40,010
It's none of the discomfort
that you associate
439
00:27:40,010 --> 00:27:44,110
with the uncomfortable parts
of other travel.
440
00:27:44,110 --> 00:27:47,710
But without an engine that
drives wheels along a track,
441
00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:52,220
an alternative method
of propulsion is required.
442
00:27:52,220 --> 00:27:55,460
Incredibly, they're using
groundbreaking technology
443
00:27:55,460 --> 00:27:58,460
pioneered by
professor Eric Laithwaite.
444
00:28:01,130 --> 00:28:03,960
When switched on, this machine
will levitate itself
445
00:28:03,970 --> 00:28:07,770
above this aluminium sheet
and also propel itself along.
446
00:28:07,770 --> 00:28:08,770
Switch on.
447
00:28:14,810 --> 00:28:18,450
This is a scale model of
a high-speed transport system.
448
00:28:18,450 --> 00:28:20,780
We don't yet know how good
this system would be
449
00:28:20,780 --> 00:28:22,650
if it were scaled up
to full size.
450
00:28:26,990 --> 00:28:30,060
Physicist Andrew Steele
has traveled to a facility
451
00:28:30,060 --> 00:28:32,990
located in England's Midlands,
452
00:28:32,990 --> 00:28:37,230
where they're helping to make
Laithwaite's dreams a reality.
453
00:28:37,230 --> 00:28:39,700
This is a linear
induction motor test track.
454
00:28:39,700 --> 00:28:41,870
It's essentially
a scaled-down version
455
00:28:41,870 --> 00:28:44,270
of what they're proposing
to put in the Hyperloop.
456
00:28:44,270 --> 00:28:46,270
And it's effectively
a rolled-out version
457
00:28:46,270 --> 00:28:49,280
of one of these...
A rotary induction motor,
458
00:28:49,280 --> 00:28:51,140
the sort that you might find
in an electric car
459
00:28:51,150 --> 00:28:53,210
or driving your washing machine
at home.
460
00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:55,450
This motor is made up
of two main components...
461
00:28:55,450 --> 00:28:57,680
The stator, which is this bit
'round the outside,
462
00:28:57,690 --> 00:28:58,890
and the rotor...
This bit in the middle
463
00:28:58,890 --> 00:29:01,020
that spins 'round.
Hence, the name.
464
00:29:01,020 --> 00:29:02,320
The stator is made up of a load
465
00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:05,020
of overlapping coils
of copper wire.
466
00:29:05,030 --> 00:29:07,190
And when you pass a current
through those coils,
467
00:29:07,200 --> 00:29:08,760
it induces a magnetic field,
468
00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:11,730
which actually rotates around
inside the motor.
469
00:29:11,730 --> 00:29:13,130
Now, that rotating
magnetic field
470
00:29:13,140 --> 00:29:16,140
induces an electric current
again inside the rotor,
471
00:29:16,140 --> 00:29:18,300
which is made up
of metal plates.
472
00:29:18,310 --> 00:29:20,310
And that means that the rotor
is effectively constantly
473
00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:22,210
being attracted and repelled.
474
00:29:22,210 --> 00:29:24,640
That causes the motor
to spin around.
475
00:29:24,650 --> 00:29:26,480
Now, if you want to create
a linear motor,
476
00:29:26,480 --> 00:29:28,380
rather than rotating the rotor,
477
00:29:28,380 --> 00:29:30,680
instead of accelerating it along
in a straight line,
478
00:29:30,690 --> 00:29:32,290
what you need to do
is get this stator
479
00:29:32,290 --> 00:29:34,350
and roll it out
into a straight line,
480
00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:36,920
and that's exactly
what we've got over here.
481
00:29:36,930 --> 00:29:41,060
You can see we've just got these
huge loads of copper coils,
482
00:29:41,060 --> 00:29:42,800
loads and loads of copper wire
wrapped around
483
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:45,030
and around to generate
a magnetic field,
484
00:29:45,030 --> 00:29:46,500
and then, here, we have,
485
00:29:46,500 --> 00:29:47,930
effectively,
our model Hyperloop.
486
00:29:47,940 --> 00:29:49,070
Now, this one doesn't Maglev.
487
00:29:49,070 --> 00:29:51,140
It just goes along
on these wheels here.
488
00:29:51,140 --> 00:29:53,170
And then, in the middle,
we've got a big aluminium plate,
489
00:29:53,180 --> 00:29:55,740
and that's literally all it
is... a piece of metal.
490
00:29:55,740 --> 00:29:57,940
And when those magnets
are turned on,
491
00:29:57,950 --> 00:30:00,110
then they generate
the magnetic field in the metal,
492
00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:02,950
and that magnetic field
is what fires that metal down
493
00:30:02,950 --> 00:30:04,580
to the other end of the track.
494
00:30:04,590 --> 00:30:07,390
So, let's give this thing a go.
495
00:30:18,870 --> 00:30:19,930
Wow!
496
00:30:19,940 --> 00:30:21,770
Did you see the speed
of that thing?
497
00:30:21,770 --> 00:30:24,270
So you can just imagine, if you
had kilometers and kilometers
498
00:30:24,270 --> 00:30:26,640
of these linear motors,
how fast you could go.
499
00:30:26,640 --> 00:30:28,940
This is just such a simple,
elegant piece of technology...
500
00:30:28,940 --> 00:30:32,580
No moving parts and such
incredible acceleration.
501
00:30:32,580 --> 00:30:35,520
That was amazing.
502
00:30:35,520 --> 00:30:38,850
Thanks to linear induction...
503
00:30:38,850 --> 00:30:41,520
It's now possible to move
extremely fast
504
00:30:41,520 --> 00:30:44,420
without any contact
with the track.
505
00:30:44,430 --> 00:30:47,090
But developing new ways
to increase train speed
506
00:30:47,100 --> 00:30:50,230
comes with its own unique set
of challenges.
507
00:30:50,230 --> 00:30:52,730
Now engineers needed to develop
a solution
508
00:30:52,730 --> 00:30:57,370
to overcome a natural force...
Wind resistance.
509
00:30:57,370 --> 00:31:00,910
The answer is contained
within the Nevada test track
510
00:31:00,910 --> 00:31:04,080
known as the Devloop.
511
00:31:04,080 --> 00:31:06,580
The pod is propelled
through a tube
512
00:31:06,580 --> 00:31:08,250
where most of the air
is removed,
513
00:31:08,250 --> 00:31:09,720
so we're at enough of a vacuum
514
00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:11,920
to give us
an aerodynamic advantage,
515
00:31:11,920 --> 00:31:13,520
but not so much of a vacuum
516
00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:16,760
that it's very difficult
or expensive to maintain.
517
00:31:20,360 --> 00:31:24,000
By using simple vacuum pumps
to reduce the density of air
518
00:31:24,000 --> 00:31:27,370
inside the Devloop,
the pod can move
519
00:31:27,370 --> 00:31:29,800
in more favorable
atmospheric conditions,
520
00:31:29,800 --> 00:31:32,740
similar to an aircraft.
521
00:31:32,740 --> 00:31:34,840
What that does
is reduces the air resistance.
522
00:31:34,840 --> 00:31:37,040
It reduces the amount of air
that individual carriages
523
00:31:37,050 --> 00:31:38,680
have to push out of the way,
524
00:31:38,680 --> 00:31:40,710
and that dramatically reduces
the amount of force
525
00:31:40,720 --> 00:31:45,290
you need to accelerate it
and maintain those high speeds.
526
00:31:45,290 --> 00:31:46,820
And the potential benefits
527
00:31:46,820 --> 00:31:50,890
of this super-fast travel
are equally exciting.
528
00:31:50,890 --> 00:31:52,730
A journey that would normally
take you hours
529
00:31:52,730 --> 00:31:54,490
is taking you minutes,
530
00:31:54,500 --> 00:31:57,000
and you really don't need
to plan your entire day
531
00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:00,470
around your travel,
because the time taken to travel
532
00:32:00,470 --> 00:32:03,140
is so much less than
what we're used to right now.
533
00:32:05,770 --> 00:32:08,010
It's an enticing vision...
534
00:32:08,010 --> 00:32:13,980
And one that is due to arrive
as early as the mid-2020s.
535
00:32:13,980 --> 00:32:17,350
Thanks to Kristen and the rest
of her engineering team,
536
00:32:17,350 --> 00:32:19,790
the future looks fast.
537
00:32:19,790 --> 00:32:21,490
Right now is a really cool time
538
00:32:21,490 --> 00:32:23,160
because we have
multiple solutions
539
00:32:23,160 --> 00:32:25,330
for a number
of our engineering problems,
540
00:32:25,330 --> 00:32:28,130
and now it's piecing
all of those together.
541
00:32:28,130 --> 00:32:29,900
Where the first route goes
542
00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:32,400
is not necessarily
100% certain yet,
543
00:32:32,400 --> 00:32:34,500
but I plan to travel
to wherever it is
544
00:32:34,500 --> 00:32:37,140
and get my ride in
with everyone else.
545
00:32:37,140 --> 00:32:40,670
For some trains,
the need for speed
546
00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:44,680
is only one part
of the equation.
547
00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:45,680
The solution?
548
00:32:45,680 --> 00:32:48,610
Build more extreme railroads.
549
00:33:11,910 --> 00:33:14,270
Speed... the driving force
550
00:33:14,280 --> 00:33:18,980
behind some of the world's
greatest railroads.
551
00:33:18,980 --> 00:33:22,250
The need to make trains
run faster than ever before
552
00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:26,550
poses engineers
with unique challenges...
553
00:33:26,550 --> 00:33:29,460
Requiring the most
inventive solutions.
554
00:33:31,790 --> 00:33:34,360
And there's one country
leading the race.
555
00:33:44,210 --> 00:33:46,940
Spain.
556
00:33:46,940 --> 00:33:51,240
Famed for its historic
and thriving cities,
557
00:33:51,250 --> 00:33:56,120
iconic centers of commerce
all sharing one goal...
558
00:33:56,120 --> 00:34:01,950
A need to be connected
to each other at high speed.
559
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:03,190
But standing in the way
560
00:34:03,190 --> 00:34:06,530
is a seemingly impossible
geographical problem.
561
00:34:09,760 --> 00:34:13,130
Spain is one of Europe's
most mountainous nations.
562
00:34:16,570 --> 00:34:19,170
Engineer Jon Veitch
is very familiar
563
00:34:19,170 --> 00:34:21,870
with the elevated landscape.
564
00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:24,940
Spain has some really
interesting terrains.
565
00:34:24,950 --> 00:34:27,480
Engineers love these problems
to solve.
566
00:34:27,480 --> 00:34:30,250
So engineers were given
a challenge to, obviously,
567
00:34:30,250 --> 00:34:32,120
deliver
a very high-speed network.
568
00:34:32,120 --> 00:34:34,790
Some of these routes
went through mountainous areas.
569
00:34:34,790 --> 00:34:37,260
That brought some challenges
in the train technology,
570
00:34:37,260 --> 00:34:40,560
the infrastructure technology.
571
00:34:40,560 --> 00:34:44,030
The only way to
conquer this terrain is to twist
572
00:34:44,030 --> 00:34:47,530
and turn around the obstacles
that stand in the way.
573
00:34:47,540 --> 00:34:52,410
But such frequent and tight
cornering is the enemy of speed.
574
00:34:52,410 --> 00:34:55,370
So, Spain, with its
geographically spread areas,
575
00:34:55,380 --> 00:34:59,280
cities, regions, and the real
drive to really drive economy,
576
00:34:59,280 --> 00:35:04,880
bring people closer together,
needed a solution.
577
00:35:04,890 --> 00:35:08,390
Madrid to Seville has
historically been a key route.
578
00:35:08,390 --> 00:35:11,260
But with the Sierra Morena
mountains in its path,
579
00:35:11,260 --> 00:35:13,330
a dated single-track rail system
580
00:35:13,330 --> 00:35:17,930
restricted train speeds
to around 60 miles per hour.
581
00:35:17,930 --> 00:35:21,470
In the 1990s, a new twin track
was built to accommodate
582
00:35:21,470 --> 00:35:23,300
this need for speed,
583
00:35:23,300 --> 00:35:25,140
but it still had to compensate
584
00:35:25,140 --> 00:35:27,770
for a similarly twisty
mountainous route.
585
00:35:34,750 --> 00:35:37,950
The solution... the Talgo 350.
586
00:35:43,790 --> 00:35:45,960
This extraordinary-looking
locomotive
587
00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:49,660
has helped to revolutionize
train travel across Spain...
588
00:35:52,730 --> 00:35:55,070
overcoming
the demanding landscapes,
589
00:35:55,070 --> 00:35:58,070
cutting travel times,
and connecting cities.
590
00:36:01,940 --> 00:36:03,740
So, here I am
591
00:36:03,750 --> 00:36:06,750
with one of the Talgo
very high-speed train sets.
592
00:36:06,750 --> 00:36:10,120
Been operating since 1994,
8 megawatts,
593
00:36:10,120 --> 00:36:14,520
operating up to
330 kilometers per hour.
594
00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:16,360
It's an engineering marvel
595
00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:20,030
that's packed
with high-speed innovations.
596
00:36:20,030 --> 00:36:22,960
So, a Talgo train
has a very distinctive nose end,
597
00:36:22,960 --> 00:36:25,570
sometimes referred to
as a duck face,
598
00:36:25,570 --> 00:36:27,470
but, indeed,
it's all about the aerodynamics
599
00:36:27,470 --> 00:36:30,140
and reducing noise
through structures,
600
00:36:30,140 --> 00:36:33,040
tunnels to achieve those
very high-speed things.
601
00:36:33,040 --> 00:36:38,110
The reducing noise is
a key element of a Talgo train.
602
00:36:38,110 --> 00:36:41,410
The only way to really
understand the Talgo's speed
603
00:36:41,420 --> 00:36:44,150
is by riding it.
604
00:36:44,150 --> 00:36:46,520
It's so different to anything
else I've ever experienced
605
00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:50,160
in over 30 years' experience
across the world.
606
00:36:50,160 --> 00:36:51,790
We've now departed from Madrid,
607
00:36:51,790 --> 00:36:56,800
and we're moving gently
towards operational speed,
608
00:36:56,800 --> 00:36:59,670
which will be around
300 kilometers per hour.
609
00:37:01,700 --> 00:37:05,040
To navigate along the route
through the mountains to Seville
610
00:37:05,040 --> 00:37:07,570
while still maintaining
such speeds,
611
00:37:07,580 --> 00:37:12,040
the Talgo has an ingenious
approach to tackling curves.
612
00:37:12,050 --> 00:37:13,750
We have a lower center
of gravity,
613
00:37:13,750 --> 00:37:17,220
so, obviously,
the coaches are suspended
614
00:37:17,220 --> 00:37:22,590
in a very simple way
in a vertical situation.
615
00:37:22,590 --> 00:37:25,560
And then, the weight actually
balances lower,
616
00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:27,530
so it enables
the coach to swing.
617
00:37:31,430 --> 00:37:34,930
This tilting system
acts like a pendulum,
618
00:37:34,940 --> 00:37:38,140
which relies on a pair
of air-suspension cylinders
619
00:37:38,140 --> 00:37:40,910
and two straight bars
that are mounted vertically
620
00:37:40,910 --> 00:37:43,610
at one end of each carriage.
621
00:37:43,610 --> 00:37:45,650
When the train enters a corner,
622
00:37:45,650 --> 00:37:49,250
the lower center of gravity
lets the coach move outwards,
623
00:37:49,250 --> 00:37:52,220
allowing for faster speeds.
624
00:37:52,220 --> 00:37:55,490
As the lateral force from
cornering acts on the train,
625
00:37:55,490 --> 00:37:59,030
one spring is compressed
while the other expands,
626
00:37:59,030 --> 00:38:01,930
creating a pendulum-like
swinging motion
627
00:38:01,930 --> 00:38:04,430
that allows the train
to tilt into the curve
628
00:38:04,430 --> 00:38:06,600
and maintain higher speed.
629
00:38:06,600 --> 00:38:10,100
The faster the train runs,
the more it will tilt
630
00:38:10,100 --> 00:38:13,440
and the more the lateral forces
are compensating.
631
00:38:15,610 --> 00:38:18,240
In addition to its innovative
tilting system
632
00:38:18,250 --> 00:38:21,350
for tackling corners
at top speed,
633
00:38:21,350 --> 00:38:24,720
the Talgo has another trick up
its sleeve.
634
00:38:47,810 --> 00:38:50,040
Known for its unique design,
635
00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:53,810
Talgo trains have revolutionized
our need for speed.
636
00:38:56,080 --> 00:38:59,390
Whereas most trains contain
a fixed-axle system,
637
00:38:59,390 --> 00:39:03,190
the Talgo uses a system
in which each wheel rotates
638
00:39:03,190 --> 00:39:04,790
at different speeds.
639
00:39:04,790 --> 00:39:07,560
This remarkable technology
allows the train
640
00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:13,530
to go up to 25% faster around
curves than conventional cars.
641
00:39:13,530 --> 00:39:17,400
Deputy manufacturing director
Jos� Palomo explains
642
00:39:17,410 --> 00:39:20,810
how the Talgo's technology
functions in more detail.
643
00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:51,670
By having
independent mono-axles,
644
00:39:51,670 --> 00:39:54,840
the wheels can travel around
curves at the speeds they need,
645
00:39:54,840 --> 00:39:58,080
not resisting against the track.
646
00:39:58,080 --> 00:40:00,080
With Talgo's innovations,
647
00:40:00,080 --> 00:40:02,110
the journey between
Madrid and Seville
648
00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:05,890
is cut from 7 hours
to 2 hours and 20 minutes,
649
00:40:05,890 --> 00:40:08,890
thanks to its incredible
technology, speed,
650
00:40:08,890 --> 00:40:11,860
and attention to comfort.
651
00:40:11,860 --> 00:40:16,800
Nearly 3 million people
are riding the Talgo per year.
652
00:40:16,800 --> 00:40:20,630
The two founding members
of Talgo thought, actually,
653
00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:23,440
"how can we go fast
around curves,
654
00:40:23,440 --> 00:40:26,840
but actually maintaining
the safety, the integrity,
655
00:40:26,840 --> 00:40:29,440
and, indeed,
the lightweightness?"
656
00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:33,050
Which was always against
traditional railway technology,
657
00:40:33,050 --> 00:40:38,550
which is heavier, more powerful
things to make things go faster
658
00:40:38,550 --> 00:40:40,490
and more structurally safe.
659
00:40:40,490 --> 00:40:43,160
But, no, they overcame
that challenge
660
00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:46,790
and revolutionized
high-speed travel.
661
00:40:51,630 --> 00:40:54,630
And that revolution
is set to continue.
662
00:40:54,640 --> 00:40:58,900
By 2020, Spain plans
to have over 6,200 miles
663
00:40:58,910 --> 00:41:00,440
of high-speed line,
664
00:41:00,440 --> 00:41:02,910
making its network
the largest in Europe.
665
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:11,420
Having worked and lived
across the world
666
00:41:11,420 --> 00:41:14,250
and traveled and worked
with many types of trains,
667
00:41:14,260 --> 00:41:17,060
for me, these are
the epitome of success,
668
00:41:17,060 --> 00:41:19,060
and I am thrilled
to be part of this.
669
00:41:25,730 --> 00:41:28,430
Driven by the need for speed,
670
00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:32,170
railroad engineers are pushing
boundaries like never before...
671
00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:43,880
creating
thrilling train experiences...
672
00:41:43,890 --> 00:41:46,690
And breaking records
across the globe
673
00:41:46,690 --> 00:41:48,850
with incredible innovations.
674
00:41:50,590 --> 00:41:52,790
Oh, I absolutely
love it. Live and breathe it.
675
00:41:52,790 --> 00:41:55,390
This is just making
such a positive change.
676
00:41:55,400 --> 00:41:59,700
And just this technology,
for me, is a real proud moment.
677
00:41:59,700 --> 00:42:01,130
It amazes me
678
00:42:01,140 --> 00:42:04,840
that we keep this fleet of
trains constantly out there,
679
00:42:04,840 --> 00:42:07,940
making the railway
a safer place.
680
00:42:07,940 --> 00:42:10,210
And engineers
are continuing to come up
681
00:42:10,210 --> 00:42:14,450
with new ways to feed
their need for speed...
682
00:42:14,450 --> 00:42:19,120
To build the world's
most extreme railroads.
683
00:42:19,120 --> 00:42:20,550
Look at it.
684
00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:22,760
It's such a special train.
685
00:42:22,810 --> 00:42:27,360
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