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That can really only happen...
2
00:00:16,783 --> 00:00:21,277
...when a tyrannical system
is so well-established...
3
00:00:22,122 --> 00:00:25,182
...that it can dominate
the entire fabric of society.
4
00:00:30,697 --> 00:00:33,359
And the Germans are good
at organizing.
5
00:00:42,142 --> 00:00:44,337
People's consciences too?
6
00:00:46,279 --> 00:00:48,076
Yes. You see, that's an area...
7
00:00:48,248 --> 00:00:52,150
...where Hitler did
a huge amount of harm.
8
00:00:52,318 --> 00:00:56,516
He actually tried to manipulate the
consciences of the German people.
9
00:00:56,856 --> 00:00:58,414
He convinced them...
10
00:00:58,591 --> 00:01:02,152
...they had a task to do, they had to
exterminate the Jews, because...
11
00:01:02,328 --> 00:01:05,263
...the Jews caused all our problems.
It wasn't Hitler's own idea...
12
00:01:05,432 --> 00:01:08,128
...it had been put forward much earlier.
13
00:01:08,301 --> 00:01:10,394
That they had to make a sacrifice.
14
00:01:10,570 --> 00:01:12,868
And I can remember a writer...
15
00:01:13,173 --> 00:01:16,472
...she interviewed a soldier
who had been stationed...
16
00:01:16,643 --> 00:01:18,304
...in a concentration camp.
17
00:01:18,478 --> 00:01:22,278
He was a guard, and she asked him:
18
00:01:23,183 --> 00:01:26,084
"Didn't you feel any pity at all...
19
00:01:26,252 --> 00:01:28,812
...for the people
you treated so badly there?"
20
00:01:29,289 --> 00:01:32,622
And he replied,
"Yes, I certainly did feel pity for them...
21
00:01:32,792 --> 00:01:35,590
...but I had to overcome it.
22
00:01:35,762 --> 00:01:40,165
That was a sacrifice I had to make
for the greater cause."
23
00:01:40,667 --> 00:01:43,295
And that's what happened
to conscience.
24
00:01:43,470 --> 00:01:45,529
After all, Hitler always used to say:
25
00:01:45,905 --> 00:01:48,271
"You don't have to worry, any of you...
26
00:01:48,441 --> 00:01:51,638
...you just have to do whatever I say,
and I'll take responsibility."
27
00:01:51,811 --> 00:01:55,679
As if anyone can take charge of
another person's conscience.
28
00:01:55,849 --> 00:01:59,216
I do think you can make someone's
conscience more sensitive...
29
00:01:59,385 --> 00:02:02,479
...or desensitize it, or manipulate it.
30
00:02:22,408 --> 00:02:24,672
Traudl Junge, n��e Humps,
was born in 1920...
31
00:02:24,844 --> 00:02:28,678
...and was Hitler's secretary
from 1942 until the end of the war.
32
00:02:28,848 --> 00:02:31,578
She also took dictation
for his last will and testament.
33
00:02:31,751 --> 00:02:35,278
For more than 50 years
she kept her memories to herself...
34
00:02:35,455 --> 00:02:39,789
...and remained silent about her life,
her adversities and her distress.
35
00:02:41,127 --> 00:02:43,357
Frau Junge married
Hitler's manservant...
36
00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:45,225
...Hans Hermann Junge, in 1943.
37
00:02:45,398 --> 00:02:49,528
Shortly thereafter he enlisted
for frontline service...
38
00:02:49,702 --> 00:02:53,832
...and was shot and killed 14 months
later in France during a low attack.
39
00:02:54,007 --> 00:02:58,171
Starting in the mid-1950s, she lived
in a one-bedroom flat in Munich.
40
00:03:00,446 --> 00:03:04,507
In April and June 2001
several meetings with Frau Junge...
41
00:03:04,684 --> 00:03:07,847
...were arranged
by author Melissa M��ller...
42
00:03:08,021 --> 00:03:10,319
...which resulted in this film.
43
00:03:52,365 --> 00:03:55,493
The longer I live, the older I get...
44
00:03:55,668 --> 00:03:59,331
...the more I feel this burden...
45
00:03:59,505 --> 00:04:03,202
...this feeling of guilt,
because I worked for a man...
46
00:04:03,376 --> 00:04:05,640
...and I actually liked him, but...
47
00:04:05,812 --> 00:04:08,246
...he caused such terrible suffering.
48
00:04:08,414 --> 00:04:11,315
You see, details came out later
about what really...
49
00:04:11,484 --> 00:04:13,418
...happened in the concentration
camps.
50
00:04:13,586 --> 00:04:17,522
I read Viktor Klemperer's books,
and it was much later, of course...
51
00:04:17,690 --> 00:04:21,251
...but it did give me
the very strong sensation that...
52
00:04:21,427 --> 00:04:25,295
...all these problems at least began
for the Jews...
53
00:04:25,465 --> 00:04:28,400
...right at the start, in 1933 or 1934.
54
00:04:28,668 --> 00:04:32,695
And the feeling that I was so unaware
and so thoughtless....
55
00:04:32,872 --> 00:04:35,602
I didn't notice or pay attention.
That feeling...
56
00:04:35,775 --> 00:04:37,868
...has oppressed me more and more.
57
00:04:39,712 --> 00:04:42,476
It seems to me
that I should be angry...
58
00:04:42,649 --> 00:04:47,348
...with the child I was,
that juvenile young girl...
59
00:04:47,887 --> 00:04:51,653
...or that I can't forgive her
for failing to recognize in time...
60
00:04:51,824 --> 00:04:54,088
...what horrors that monster caused.
61
00:04:54,260 --> 00:04:57,661
The fact that I didn't see
what I was getting involved in...
62
00:04:57,830 --> 00:05:01,288
...and above all that I just said "yes"
without thinking at all.
63
00:05:01,467 --> 00:05:04,834
After all, it wasn't as though
I were a fervent Nazi.
64
00:05:05,138 --> 00:05:08,198
And when I went to Berlin,
I could have said:
65
00:05:08,374 --> 00:05:10,103
"No, I don't want that job...
66
00:05:10,276 --> 00:05:12,836
...I don't want to be sent
to the F��hrer's headquarters."
67
00:05:13,146 --> 00:05:16,138
But I didn't do that,
because I was simply too curious.
68
00:05:16,316 --> 00:05:18,910
And I suppose
I couldn't really imagine...
69
00:05:19,218 --> 00:05:23,086
...that destiny would drive me on
and leave me in a situation...
70
00:05:23,256 --> 00:05:26,316
...that I had never aspired to at all.
71
00:05:26,592 --> 00:05:28,526
But nevertheless...
72
00:05:28,695 --> 00:05:31,755
...I find it hard to forgive myself
for everything.
73
00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:38,359
I mean, of course today
there's no doubt about it. I have to say:
74
00:05:38,538 --> 00:05:40,836
He was an absolute criminal.
75
00:05:41,140 --> 00:05:44,268
He was a criminal--
It's just that I didn't realize it.
76
00:05:45,611 --> 00:05:49,342
At some point afterwards I began to
wonder if I should have seen that.
77
00:05:49,515 --> 00:05:53,918
But then I think I was only 13 years old
when he first came on the scene...
78
00:05:54,220 --> 00:05:58,316
...and I was quite late developing
in lots of ways...
79
00:06:00,526 --> 00:06:04,428
...and after all, apart from me there
were millions who didn't see that.
80
00:06:04,597 --> 00:06:07,896
I mean, it's not as though
everyone apart from me...
81
00:06:08,201 --> 00:06:10,431
...realized what a criminal he was.
82
00:06:12,538 --> 00:06:16,235
And I try to take heart
from those thoughts.
83
00:06:25,651 --> 00:06:29,951
And Hitler did somehow embody
something monumental...
84
00:06:30,256 --> 00:06:32,724
...at first, when I was a child.
85
00:06:33,693 --> 00:06:38,824
The first time I met him
he probably had a kind of paternal...
86
00:06:39,866 --> 00:06:43,768
...protective attitude towards me too...
87
00:06:44,003 --> 00:06:46,369
...and that's something
I had longed for.
88
00:06:48,541 --> 00:06:51,772
I'd never been able to follow
my own inclinations...
89
00:06:51,944 --> 00:06:54,435
...and I'd never had that feeling...
90
00:06:54,614 --> 00:06:57,811
...of security in a complete family.
91
00:06:57,984 --> 00:07:01,010
My mother did everything for us,
it's true...
92
00:07:01,320 --> 00:07:04,483
...but I used to envy children
who could say things like:
93
00:07:04,657 --> 00:07:08,457
"My father says so and so,"
or "My father thinks...."
94
00:07:08,828 --> 00:07:12,889
I used to think having a father
must be very important.
95
00:07:13,633 --> 00:07:17,569
Then I started working for Hitler,
and suddenly I had...
96
00:07:17,737 --> 00:07:19,932
...that sense of security too.
97
00:07:20,273 --> 00:07:24,232
There really was a certain kind
of security in that...
98
00:07:24,644 --> 00:07:28,774
...community, which cut itself off
so much from the outside.
99
00:07:30,783 --> 00:07:34,241
I think I matured late, as well.
100
00:07:34,420 --> 00:07:39,255
I think I had a very subservient
attitude toward him...
101
00:07:39,425 --> 00:07:41,359
...as a father figure.
102
00:07:44,997 --> 00:07:46,589
But that can easily...
103
00:07:46,766 --> 00:07:50,065
...be transformed into hatred,
if your father disappoints you.
104
00:07:54,941 --> 00:07:57,910
Unfortunately,
my family was completely apolitical.
105
00:07:58,377 --> 00:08:02,370
My mother brought us up by herself,
and her father...
106
00:08:02,615 --> 00:08:04,242
...who was a general...
107
00:08:04,417 --> 00:08:07,648
...was really a tyrant in the house.
108
00:08:07,820 --> 00:08:11,449
Devil at home and angel in company,
people always used to say.
109
00:08:11,624 --> 00:08:14,787
He wasn't at all interested
in politics...
110
00:08:14,961 --> 00:08:17,486
...and the subject
was never discussed.
111
00:08:18,664 --> 00:08:23,931
We were brought up according to
various other principles:
112
00:08:24,337 --> 00:08:28,034
Doing without things,
making sacrifices and backing down.
113
00:08:28,341 --> 00:08:30,571
They were all seen as virtues,
although...
114
00:08:30,743 --> 00:08:33,439
...today the attitude is virtually
the opposite.
115
00:08:33,613 --> 00:08:36,047
And I think I was incredibly
conformist as a child.
116
00:08:36,349 --> 00:08:38,874
I always had to do without things
and make sacrifices...
117
00:08:39,051 --> 00:08:41,918
...because my mother had
such a difficult time.
118
00:08:42,088 --> 00:08:44,716
She ran the household for her father...
119
00:08:44,891 --> 00:08:48,793
...and since she didn't have any
money, as a divorced woman...
120
00:08:48,961 --> 00:08:52,453
...he always made it clear to us
that he was supporting us.
121
00:08:52,632 --> 00:08:55,624
And there was always that pressure...
122
00:08:56,602 --> 00:09:01,130
...that mental and moral pressure
surrounding the whole situation.
123
00:09:03,342 --> 00:09:06,470
I actually ended up with Hitler
by complete coincidence...
124
00:09:06,646 --> 00:09:09,706
...by chance and foolishness,
I'd have to say.
125
00:09:10,950 --> 00:09:15,978
When I was a young girl I didn't really
have any exact ideas or plans...
126
00:09:16,155 --> 00:09:19,556
...that I wanted to achieve in my life,
or any sense...
127
00:09:19,725 --> 00:09:22,057
...of wanting to be something.
128
00:09:23,563 --> 00:09:25,656
And I couldn't go to high school...
129
00:09:25,831 --> 00:09:28,595
...because the school fees were
a problem for my mother.
130
00:09:28,768 --> 00:09:31,999
So I had to leave secondary school
after the first state examination.
131
00:09:32,171 --> 00:09:34,833
And then they said, "You'd better
go to commercial school...
132
00:09:35,007 --> 00:09:38,807
...and get a job in an office, that's
the quickest way to earn a living. "
133
00:09:38,978 --> 00:09:41,947
And so that was to be my fate...
134
00:09:42,114 --> 00:09:46,016
...and I couldn't see
any other chance at all.
135
00:09:47,086 --> 00:09:50,578
I suppose I also felt awkward
because I was the oldest...
136
00:09:50,756 --> 00:09:53,657
...and I was still at home...
137
00:09:53,826 --> 00:09:57,125
...while my younger sister was out
in the big wide world.
138
00:09:57,496 --> 00:09:59,726
Then she came up with an idea.
She said:
139
00:09:59,899 --> 00:10:02,026
"l know, let's ask Albert Bormann...
140
00:10:02,201 --> 00:10:05,500
...if he can get you transferred
to Berlin."
141
00:10:06,172 --> 00:10:10,370
And I said all right,
without any idea at all, of course...
142
00:10:10,543 --> 00:10:12,670
...what the consequences would be.
143
00:10:12,845 --> 00:10:15,211
I ought to explain something else.
144
00:10:17,950 --> 00:10:22,216
At that time, you see,
which was 1941...
145
00:10:22,622 --> 00:10:26,581
...I'd always thought that as well as
working in an office...
146
00:10:26,759 --> 00:10:29,557
...I could satisfy
my passion for dancing...
147
00:10:29,729 --> 00:10:32,857
...and I really wanted to go
to dance school.
148
00:10:33,032 --> 00:10:37,628
So in 1941 I took the entrance exam
for dance school...
149
00:10:37,803 --> 00:10:41,170
...and the result was very good,
so I thought I could...
150
00:10:41,474 --> 00:10:43,942
...escape from office work forever.
151
00:10:44,243 --> 00:10:46,973
But they wouldn't let me leave
the publishing company...
152
00:10:47,146 --> 00:10:50,081
...where I was working,
because during the war...
153
00:10:50,650 --> 00:10:55,019
...you could only change your job with
the permission of your employer.
154
00:10:55,788 --> 00:10:59,781
And that made me so disappointed
and so cross...
155
00:10:59,959 --> 00:11:02,951
...that I poured my heart out
to my sister...
156
00:11:03,129 --> 00:11:06,030
...who was a dancer in Berlin
by that time.
157
00:11:06,198 --> 00:11:09,725
And then she got her best friend...
158
00:11:09,902 --> 00:11:13,201
...to talk to her brother-in-law,
Albert Bormann, and ask him...
159
00:11:13,506 --> 00:11:15,633
...to have me transferred.
160
00:11:15,808 --> 00:11:17,742
So that was a chance for me...
161
00:11:17,910 --> 00:11:20,105
...to get away from home...
162
00:11:20,279 --> 00:11:24,215
...and also get back
at them in a way.
163
00:11:24,517 --> 00:11:27,179
It was an act of defiance too...
164
00:11:27,720 --> 00:11:31,053
...against my employer,
who didn't want to let me go.
165
00:11:31,490 --> 00:11:34,857
I should also say that
when I was in Berlin...
166
00:11:35,027 --> 00:11:37,222
...working in the
F��hrer's chancellery...
167
00:11:38,097 --> 00:11:41,555
...I never saw Hitler face to face at all.
168
00:11:41,734 --> 00:11:44,100
I used to open his mail...
169
00:11:44,270 --> 00:11:47,797
...and read the love letters
women would send him...
170
00:11:47,973 --> 00:11:50,840
...but he wasn't there in person at all.
171
00:11:51,010 --> 00:11:53,604
None of the others
ever saw him either.
172
00:11:53,813 --> 00:11:56,509
He was in his personal headquarters...
173
00:11:56,682 --> 00:12:00,049
...far away from his outer office,
you might say.
174
00:12:01,954 --> 00:12:05,151
Then one day a typing competition...
175
00:12:05,324 --> 00:12:09,988
...was announced, throughout the
whole of the chancellery complex...
176
00:12:10,629 --> 00:12:12,563
...and it was rumored that...
177
00:12:12,732 --> 00:12:15,895
...Hitler was looking for
a young girl to be his secretary.
178
00:12:16,535 --> 00:12:21,472
Albert Bormann absolutely insisted
that I should take the test.
179
00:12:21,941 --> 00:12:26,344
So I did, but I genuinely didn't have
any real ambition to get the job...
180
00:12:26,512 --> 00:12:31,279
...because I was actually quite content
with my life at that time.
181
00:12:31,550 --> 00:12:34,542
Living with my sister was fine...
182
00:12:35,187 --> 00:12:38,645
...and the job was quite interesting....
183
00:12:39,425 --> 00:12:43,225
Anyway, I took the typing test...
184
00:12:43,763 --> 00:12:45,731
...and apparently I was quite good...
185
00:12:46,031 --> 00:12:48,397
...even though I had the feeling
that I was awful.
186
00:12:48,768 --> 00:12:52,169
In any case, one day,
I think it was in...
187
00:12:52,338 --> 00:12:54,203
...October or November, or later....
188
00:12:54,373 --> 00:12:57,274
No, it was much later,
it was early in December...
189
00:12:57,443 --> 00:13:01,504
...and the 10 best girls
from the typing test...
190
00:13:02,014 --> 00:13:04,539
...were told to board
the F��hrer's special train...
191
00:13:04,717 --> 00:13:09,051
...and taken to the Wolf's Lair,
Hitler's headquarters in East Prussia.
192
00:13:10,623 --> 00:13:13,558
At first we stayed
on the F��hrer's train...
193
00:13:13,726 --> 00:13:17,287
...which was in the grounds
of the headquarters...
194
00:13:17,463 --> 00:13:20,762
...until Hitler had time to see us...
195
00:13:21,066 --> 00:13:23,057
...which took days, in the end.
196
00:13:23,235 --> 00:13:27,365
And then, one night we were taken
through a dark forest...
197
00:13:27,540 --> 00:13:29,337
...to the F��hrer's bunker.
198
00:13:30,109 --> 00:13:35,240
And that's where the decisive
meeting actually took place.
199
00:13:36,015 --> 00:13:41,146
It was a very unpleasant building,
that bunker was...
200
00:13:42,087 --> 00:13:44,521
...and in the anteroom,
the servant's area...
201
00:13:44,690 --> 00:13:47,215
...we all lined up.
There were some...
202
00:13:47,393 --> 00:13:50,226
...chairs with cork seats...
203
00:13:50,596 --> 00:13:53,724
...and we waited until Hitler came.
204
00:13:54,834 --> 00:13:57,200
Now, I'd only ever seen him...
205
00:13:58,304 --> 00:14:01,137
...in newsreels and public
appearances.
206
00:14:01,307 --> 00:14:04,140
So I knew his military expression...
207
00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:07,609
...with his arm outstretched.
208
00:14:07,780 --> 00:14:11,477
And then a kindly old gentleman
came up to us...
209
00:14:12,051 --> 00:14:15,782
...speaking in a low voice
and giving us a friendly smile.
210
00:14:16,088 --> 00:14:17,783
He shook hands with each of us...
211
00:14:18,090 --> 00:14:21,253
...Iooked straight into our eyes with
that famous gaze of his...
212
00:14:21,427 --> 00:14:23,418
...asked our names...
213
00:14:24,063 --> 00:14:29,797
...said a few words to us with
a sort of friendly, paternal air...
214
00:14:30,369 --> 00:14:33,065
...and then disappeared again.
When he went...
215
00:14:33,239 --> 00:14:35,799
...he just said, "Good evening."
216
00:14:36,342 --> 00:14:40,176
The experience of meeting him
was completely different...
217
00:14:40,346 --> 00:14:42,610
...than I had imagined beforehand.
218
00:14:43,115 --> 00:14:46,812
It wasn't at all frightening,
and there was a...
219
00:14:47,119 --> 00:14:50,646
...harmless, peaceful atmosphere.
220
00:14:51,557 --> 00:14:54,458
When it was over we said,
"Now we're curious...
221
00:14:54,627 --> 00:14:57,926
...to know who he's chosen."
And then Bormann said:
222
00:14:58,097 --> 00:15:01,066
"Not so fast,
now you'll have a trial dictation."
223
00:15:02,234 --> 00:15:03,963
So I went for a trial dictation.
224
00:15:04,136 --> 00:15:08,334
But Bormann sent another girl
along with me, just in case...
225
00:15:08,908 --> 00:15:11,604
...because apparently Hitler...
226
00:15:12,011 --> 00:15:14,639
...had already had a nasty
experience one time...
227
00:15:14,947 --> 00:15:17,177
...when he asked a secretary...
228
00:15:17,349 --> 00:15:20,284
...to write down something
he wanted to dictate.
229
00:15:20,452 --> 00:15:25,355
She was so nervous that she had
a sort of hysterical fit...
230
00:15:25,524 --> 00:15:27,992
...and he was afraid of that
happening again.
231
00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:31,129
Well, I entered the room...
232
00:15:32,498 --> 00:15:36,662
...and I could feel how cold it was.
Hitler didn't like warm rooms.
233
00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:41,000
And he was very friendly
towards me, again.
234
00:15:41,173 --> 00:15:43,300
"My child," he said,
"Don't be nervous.
235
00:15:43,475 --> 00:15:46,501
You can't possibly make
as many mistakes as me.
236
00:15:46,679 --> 00:15:50,376
Sit over here.
Shall I fetch a heater for you?"
237
00:15:50,549 --> 00:15:52,540
He meant an electric heater.
238
00:15:52,718 --> 00:15:56,654
We had special typewriters
that were quiet.
239
00:15:56,956 --> 00:16:00,357
They were called Silenta typewriters.
240
00:16:01,126 --> 00:16:04,220
And then he started
dictating something.
241
00:16:04,430 --> 00:16:08,025
Well, I started typing,
but I knew my hands were trembling...
242
00:16:08,200 --> 00:16:11,294
...so much that I didn't hit
any of the right keys.
243
00:16:11,470 --> 00:16:14,598
I stared down at the paper,
and it looked like Chinese.
244
00:16:14,773 --> 00:16:18,368
And then, thank God,
or perhaps unfortunately...
245
00:16:18,544 --> 00:16:21,479
...his servant came in, Linge,
and said to Hitler:
246
00:16:21,647 --> 00:16:24,172
"My F��hrer,
Ribbentrop is on the phone."
247
00:16:24,350 --> 00:16:27,683
So Hitler picked up the phone
and talked for a while...
248
00:16:27,987 --> 00:16:29,784
...Iike any other boss would do.
249
00:16:30,089 --> 00:16:33,490
And that gave me time to calm down
and rewrite the sentence...
250
00:16:33,659 --> 00:16:36,059
...in correct German.
251
00:16:36,495 --> 00:16:39,089
Then he dictated some more,
and it was fine.
252
00:16:39,264 --> 00:16:44,463
It was actually quite easy.
253
00:16:45,304 --> 00:16:48,273
At the end I gave him the paper,
and I went.
254
00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:51,238
He was quite happy,
and I was quite happy.
255
00:16:52,411 --> 00:16:54,777
I did find it exciting.
256
00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:57,446
I didn't know
what had happened to me.
257
00:16:57,616 --> 00:17:01,108
Suddenly there I was,
little Traudl Humps, sitting...
258
00:17:01,286 --> 00:17:02,583
...opposite the F��hrer.
259
00:17:02,755 --> 00:17:06,213
And the F��hrer himself,
whatever you thought about him...
260
00:17:06,392 --> 00:17:08,656
...was a great man in those days.
261
00:17:08,827 --> 00:17:13,127
It was such an extraordinary
situation...
262
00:17:13,298 --> 00:17:16,028
...so incredible, such an adventure.
263
00:17:18,604 --> 00:17:22,836
And then he called for me
a few more times, to take dictation...
264
00:17:23,142 --> 00:17:26,009
...even though there were other
secretaries available...
265
00:17:26,178 --> 00:17:28,305
...the two old secretaries.
266
00:17:31,717 --> 00:17:35,517
I really liked being in the F��hrer's
headquarters, in the forest.
267
00:17:35,821 --> 00:17:39,279
In fact, all my life
I've disliked working...
268
00:17:39,458 --> 00:17:42,450
...those rigid office hours...
269
00:17:42,628 --> 00:17:44,755
...and sitting at a desk all day long.
270
00:17:45,064 --> 00:17:47,555
And there was none of that there.
271
00:17:48,067 --> 00:17:51,525
After all, Hitler didn't want someone
in the outer office...
272
00:17:51,703 --> 00:17:55,469
...a secretary sitting there all day long,
managing appointments...
273
00:17:55,641 --> 00:17:59,543
...and taking phone calls and
making coffee for him.
274
00:17:59,711 --> 00:18:03,203
The secretaries weren't stationed
in an office at all.
275
00:18:03,382 --> 00:18:06,146
They had their own apartments,
their own rooms...
276
00:18:06,318 --> 00:18:08,684
...and were only called
to take dictation.
277
00:18:08,854 --> 00:18:12,881
He only dictated public speeches...
278
00:18:13,192 --> 00:18:15,490
...or private letters...
279
00:18:15,661 --> 00:18:18,789
...or some other personal things.
280
00:18:19,098 --> 00:18:21,464
We never had to write anything...
281
00:18:21,633 --> 00:18:24,534
...about politics or military matters.
282
00:18:25,671 --> 00:18:27,263
Then he called for me again...
283
00:18:27,439 --> 00:18:31,466
...and the two old secretaries were
standing to his left and right...
284
00:18:31,743 --> 00:18:34,644
...and he said, "Fr?ulein Humps...
285
00:18:34,847 --> 00:18:37,645
...now I should like to ask you...
286
00:18:38,750 --> 00:18:41,583
...if you wish to remain with me."
287
00:18:42,454 --> 00:18:44,115
And then he said:
288
00:18:44,289 --> 00:18:47,349
"You know,
it's always a problem for me...
289
00:18:47,526 --> 00:18:50,359
...if I take pretty young secretaries.
290
00:18:50,562 --> 00:18:53,190
Someone always marries them
and whisks them off.
291
00:18:53,499 --> 00:18:56,627
Maybe they should have to wear
disfiguring ornaments...
292
00:18:56,802 --> 00:18:59,362
...Iike Negro women, in their lips."
293
00:18:59,571 --> 00:19:04,406
And I must have been mad,
because I said to him:
294
00:19:04,610 --> 00:19:07,477
"My F��hrer,
you don't have to worry in this case.
295
00:19:07,646 --> 00:19:11,275
I've been without a man
for the last 22 years...
296
00:19:11,817 --> 00:19:14,217
...so it's no problem for me."
297
00:19:14,820 --> 00:19:16,879
And he just burst out laughing.
298
00:19:17,189 --> 00:19:21,649
At the time I didn't realize
what nonsense I was talking.
299
00:19:21,827 --> 00:19:25,228
"I've been without a man
for the last 22 years!"
300
00:19:27,399 --> 00:19:30,891
Now, I have to confess I couldn't
really say "no" at that point.
301
00:19:31,203 --> 00:19:36,163
I didn't have any reason to say,
"No, I don't want to stay with you."
302
00:19:36,341 --> 00:19:39,504
To be honest,
I must admit I liked the idea.
303
00:19:42,614 --> 00:19:45,674
In February '43, after Stalingrad...
304
00:19:46,485 --> 00:19:48,976
...things were really quite different...
305
00:19:49,288 --> 00:19:53,816
...though I didn't notice it very much
because I was so new.
306
00:19:54,393 --> 00:19:58,261
But the atmosphere
in the F��hrer's headquarters...
307
00:19:58,430 --> 00:20:01,593
...must have changed at that time.
There was an...
308
00:20:03,735 --> 00:20:05,930
...oppressive atmosphere.
309
00:20:07,539 --> 00:20:10,235
Up until that time...
310
00:20:10,409 --> 00:20:14,846
...Hitler used to take his meals
with his officers in the mess...
311
00:20:15,314 --> 00:20:18,442
...which of course meant that...
312
00:20:18,850 --> 00:20:21,216
...everyone would talk shop.
313
00:20:22,454 --> 00:20:26,322
It wasn't very relaxing for him.
314
00:20:26,491 --> 00:20:30,894
Then it occurred to him that he could
take his meals with his secretaries...
315
00:20:31,363 --> 00:20:34,924
...and we were told not to bother him...
316
00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:37,862
...with questions about Stalingrad
or other subjects.
317
00:20:38,036 --> 00:20:40,834
He wanted to take it easy
at mealtimes.
318
00:20:41,573 --> 00:20:44,872
So it was arranged that
of the four secretaries...
319
00:20:45,043 --> 00:20:47,807
...two would have lunch with him
each day.
320
00:20:47,980 --> 00:20:50,278
The other two would have dinner
with him...
321
00:20:50,449 --> 00:20:53,976
...and the two from lunch would have
a cup of tea with him at night.
322
00:20:56,989 --> 00:20:58,854
You know, I never had the feeling...
323
00:20:59,024 --> 00:21:02,687
...that he was conscious of pursuing
criminal aims.
324
00:21:02,928 --> 00:21:06,261
For him they were ideals.
325
00:21:06,431 --> 00:21:08,626
For him they were great goals.
326
00:21:08,934 --> 00:21:12,335
And human life meant nothing to him
in comparison.
327
00:21:12,771 --> 00:21:16,002
But that only became so apparent
to me afterwards.
328
00:21:16,308 --> 00:21:19,072
You see, in the inner circle
surrounding him...
329
00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:21,778
...in his private sphere...
330
00:21:22,314 --> 00:21:26,910
...I was shielded from the
megalomaniac projects...
331
00:21:27,085 --> 00:21:30,077
...and the barbaric measures.
332
00:21:31,423 --> 00:21:34,051
That was the awful thing,
that's what gave me...
333
00:21:34,359 --> 00:21:39,296
...such a shock later, when I realized
what had been happening.
334
00:21:44,736 --> 00:21:47,296
When I started working there
I thought...
335
00:21:47,472 --> 00:21:51,101
...I was at the source of information...
336
00:21:51,476 --> 00:21:53,637
...and in fact, I was in a blind spot.
337
00:21:54,413 --> 00:21:55,846
It's like...
338
00:21:58,016 --> 00:22:01,975
...in an explosion, there's one place
where calmness reigns.
339
00:22:02,788 --> 00:22:07,521
And that was the great illusion...
340
00:22:07,693 --> 00:22:10,662
...the great, not disappointment,
but the great...
341
00:22:11,463 --> 00:22:13,727
...Iie that I had made myself believe.
342
00:22:16,635 --> 00:22:21,129
That same man who made speeches,
when I think back...
343
00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:25,001
...with that rolling R
and all that roaring...
344
00:22:25,177 --> 00:22:26,405
...and clipping his words...
345
00:22:26,578 --> 00:22:29,479
...I never heard him speak
like that in private.
346
00:22:29,648 --> 00:22:34,017
He could speak in such a flattering--
Such a modulated tone.
347
00:22:34,186 --> 00:22:39,886
In his private life he had that
gentle Austrian intonation too...
348
00:22:40,058 --> 00:22:43,357
...and he used some words
that were typically Austrian.
349
00:22:43,528 --> 00:22:46,224
For example, nimmermehr,
or "nevermore"...
350
00:22:46,398 --> 00:22:48,525
...isn't used in Bavaria
or the rest of Germany.
351
00:22:48,700 --> 00:22:52,966
"l heard it nevermore."
And things like that...
352
00:22:53,305 --> 00:22:55,500
...did fascinate me, really.
353
00:22:55,674 --> 00:22:58,302
The courteous manner...
354
00:22:58,477 --> 00:23:01,446
...he displayed in his private life.
355
00:23:03,582 --> 00:23:06,983
Apart from his stomach and
digestive disorders, he gave...
356
00:23:07,152 --> 00:23:09,347
...the impression
of being very healthy.
357
00:23:09,521 --> 00:23:13,184
And he had to cope with...
358
00:23:13,358 --> 00:23:15,349
...an unhealthy way of life.
359
00:23:15,527 --> 00:23:19,019
Far too little fresh air,
far too little exercise.
360
00:23:20,098 --> 00:23:22,225
He didn't smoke or drink alcohol...
361
00:23:22,401 --> 00:23:24,733
...although being healthy
is more than that.
362
00:23:25,103 --> 00:23:30,006
But his problems were all connected
with the stomach and digestion.
363
00:23:30,375 --> 00:23:33,071
And maybe that's the underlying
reason why he...
364
00:23:33,245 --> 00:23:38,046
...had a vegetarian lifestyle,
or such an unbalanced lifestyle.
365
00:23:39,084 --> 00:23:42,485
He was very dependent on Dr. Morell,
his personal physician.
366
00:23:43,522 --> 00:23:46,457
And the doctor was a very
exotic character.
367
00:23:46,625 --> 00:23:50,584
He had been a ship's doctor,
and he'd lived in lndia for years.
368
00:23:50,762 --> 00:23:54,960
His approach to medicine was what
I would today describe as "holistic."
369
00:23:55,133 --> 00:23:57,260
With some homeopathic elements...
370
00:23:58,437 --> 00:24:01,133
...and natural remedies.
371
00:24:01,473 --> 00:24:03,771
Dr. Morell had to help him a lot...
372
00:24:04,075 --> 00:24:07,602
...constantly giving him some sort of
pills for his digestion...
373
00:24:07,779 --> 00:24:10,009
...or for gas, and he also gave him...
374
00:24:10,182 --> 00:24:14,448
...hormone and vitamin injections.
He used to swear by them.
375
00:24:14,619 --> 00:24:19,022
I often used to ask Hitler's servant
about his personal habits...
376
00:24:19,191 --> 00:24:22,092
...and he would tell me
some things himself.
377
00:24:22,260 --> 00:24:25,229
For example,
he never liked being touched.
378
00:24:25,397 --> 00:24:28,992
He didn't think much of massage
or other things...
379
00:24:29,167 --> 00:24:31,260
...to do with the body.
380
00:24:31,436 --> 00:24:35,099
And one time he said to me:
381
00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:38,238
"l can't wear shorts
because my knees are so white.
382
00:24:38,410 --> 00:24:40,105
I'm not the athletic sort."
383
00:24:40,278 --> 00:24:42,212
Or he once said:
384
00:24:42,380 --> 00:24:45,474
"Eva always wants me to
keep my back straight...
385
00:24:45,650 --> 00:24:50,349
...but I always say she should try it
with such heavy keys in her pockets."
386
00:24:51,089 --> 00:24:55,185
He used to talk a lot about
private matters...
387
00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:57,487
...and also about
quite personal things.
388
00:24:57,662 --> 00:25:01,598
For instance, once the war
had started he never...
389
00:25:01,766 --> 00:25:05,497
...wore anything but army gray.
390
00:25:05,670 --> 00:25:08,468
Before the war he wore tails
for formal occasions...
391
00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:12,406
...or his brown SA uniform.
392
00:25:12,577 --> 00:25:14,636
It was a matter of principle for him.
393
00:25:16,181 --> 00:25:18,877
He was a clean, well-groomed man.
394
00:25:19,184 --> 00:25:20,708
For instance, he always...
395
00:25:20,886 --> 00:25:23,684
...washed his hands when he
had been stroking his dog.
396
00:25:24,823 --> 00:25:28,156
His dog Blondie
meant an awful lot to him.
397
00:25:28,326 --> 00:25:32,558
Blondie could provide a whole
evening's entertainment.
398
00:25:33,198 --> 00:25:37,157
He was convinced that she was
incredibly clever and sophisticated...
399
00:25:37,335 --> 00:25:39,462
...an absolutely wonderful dog
all around.
400
00:25:39,638 --> 00:25:42,698
And she had a real fixation
with him too.
401
00:25:42,874 --> 00:25:46,810
Even though she had been trained
by a dog trainer...
402
00:25:47,112 --> 00:25:50,411
...and was very well looked after.
403
00:25:50,582 --> 00:25:54,177
I don't think Hitler fed
the dog himself.
404
00:25:54,352 --> 00:25:58,846
But I remember now that in Hitler's
small bedroom in the bunker...
405
00:25:59,324 --> 00:26:03,283
...there was a big wooden box
for Blondie, as well.
406
00:26:03,461 --> 00:26:06,259
It was very large,
in case she had puppies.
407
00:26:06,431 --> 00:26:09,594
It was crowded in there with us all
gathered around the bed.
408
00:26:09,768 --> 00:26:12,362
If you wanted to leave,
everyone had to stand up.
409
00:26:12,537 --> 00:26:13,663
Well, anyway...
410
00:26:13,838 --> 00:26:17,171
...Blondie could do
all sorts of tricks too.
411
00:26:17,342 --> 00:26:19,708
She could bark
when given a command...
412
00:26:19,878 --> 00:26:21,937
...and not just bark, she could sing!
413
00:26:22,247 --> 00:26:25,182
She could make a sort of
howling noise, and if Hitler said:
414
00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:28,376
"Sing deeper, Blondie,
sing like Zarah Leander"...
415
00:26:28,553 --> 00:26:31,420
...Blondie would sing
an octave deeper.
416
00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:33,922
He was very proud of that trick.
417
00:26:34,326 --> 00:26:37,261
He was also immensely proud
that she always obeyed him.
418
00:26:37,429 --> 00:26:39,863
She really did obey his every word.
419
00:26:40,165 --> 00:26:43,100
Sometimes he'd go for a walk
with her in the grounds...
420
00:26:43,268 --> 00:26:45,202
...where lots of obstacles
had been built...
421
00:26:45,370 --> 00:26:49,898
...and he was really pleased
to see how clever she was.
422
00:26:50,208 --> 00:26:52,733
Sometimes he'd throw a dumbbell
for her...
423
00:26:52,911 --> 00:26:57,746
...but then she'd just pick it up
at one end...
424
00:26:57,916 --> 00:26:59,781
...and it would hang down sideways.
425
00:26:59,951 --> 00:27:02,613
Then he used to show us
what she would do.
426
00:27:02,787 --> 00:27:04,982
He'd put his head on one side...
427
00:27:05,290 --> 00:27:07,918
...and imitate Blondie gazing up
at him, to check...
428
00:27:08,226 --> 00:27:11,389
...he was looking. And he'd
have to say, "Blondie, properly!"
429
00:27:11,563 --> 00:27:14,293
And then she'd put it down properly.
430
00:27:14,466 --> 00:27:17,629
He used to tell lots of stories
like that...
431
00:27:17,802 --> 00:27:20,498
...and I think he really enjoyed it.
432
00:27:22,340 --> 00:27:26,299
When I think about it now,
and listen to what I'm saying...
433
00:27:26,478 --> 00:27:28,378
...all of these...
434
00:27:28,546 --> 00:27:33,210
...Iittle stories sound so banal.
435
00:27:33,451 --> 00:27:35,646
I think those characteristics of his...
436
00:27:35,820 --> 00:27:38,755
...the personal mannerisms he had...
437
00:27:38,923 --> 00:27:41,289
...aren't really at all important now...
438
00:27:41,459 --> 00:27:44,986
...because the total effect
was so terrible.
439
00:27:45,964 --> 00:27:50,401
I mean, at the time it was quite
important for me, of course...
440
00:27:50,568 --> 00:27:52,763
...to see his human side.
441
00:27:52,937 --> 00:27:55,565
But today it's almost as though...
442
00:27:55,740 --> 00:27:58,368
...I'd rather not describe these things
so clearly.
443
00:28:01,613 --> 00:28:04,582
Was there a moment...
444
00:28:04,749 --> 00:28:07,843
...a certain time,
when you had the feeling that...
445
00:28:08,887 --> 00:28:12,880
...the issue of the Jews came up?
446
00:28:17,495 --> 00:28:21,932
I'll tell you about one incident...
447
00:28:23,635 --> 00:28:27,901
...which took place at the Berghof...
448
00:28:28,073 --> 00:28:32,442
...when Himmler was also present,
I think it was the only time.
449
00:28:32,877 --> 00:28:36,313
Then he talked about
concentration camps.
450
00:28:36,481 --> 00:28:42,283
He said that there was...
451
00:28:42,454 --> 00:28:45,787
...what was called a "method"...
452
00:28:46,024 --> 00:28:50,552
...and it was managed quite cleverly.
So for example...
453
00:28:50,729 --> 00:28:54,756
...if someone was an arsonist,
he was put on fire duty...
454
00:28:54,933 --> 00:28:58,926
...and you could be quite sure
there would never be a fire.
455
00:29:00,638 --> 00:29:03,436
That comment was the only time...
456
00:29:03,608 --> 00:29:08,409
...that the term concentration camp
was ever mentioned there.
457
00:29:09,714 --> 00:29:14,276
The word Jew was virtually
never used...
458
00:29:14,452 --> 00:29:16,920
...in everyday speech.
459
00:29:17,122 --> 00:29:19,556
The fact that Hitler would,
at times...
460
00:29:19,724 --> 00:29:23,023
...say something in his speeches
about "international Judaism"...
461
00:29:23,328 --> 00:29:27,822
...or "the Jews,"
that was virtually ignored.
462
00:29:30,702 --> 00:29:34,069
Nobody ever raised the subject...
463
00:29:34,372 --> 00:29:36,772
...at least, not in our presence.
464
00:29:38,476 --> 00:29:41,070
Actually, the only time
I can remember...
465
00:29:41,379 --> 00:29:45,338
...the subject really being an issue...
466
00:29:45,517 --> 00:29:47,781
...was one evening at the Berghof...
467
00:29:47,952 --> 00:29:51,388
...when Frau von Schirach
was a guest.
468
00:29:51,556 --> 00:29:54,684
I wasn't there at the time,
I only heard about it.
469
00:29:54,859 --> 00:29:58,556
I was out of the room
when it happened.
470
00:29:58,997 --> 00:30:03,661
She was on fairly cordial terms
with Hitler...
471
00:30:03,835 --> 00:30:08,135
...and she suddenly raised the subject.
She told the F��hrer directly...
472
00:30:08,439 --> 00:30:10,907
...that it was quite terrible, the way...
473
00:30:11,075 --> 00:30:15,944
...the Jews were treated in Amsterdam.
They were packed into trains...
474
00:30:16,114 --> 00:30:19,777
...she said, and it was
an inhumane way to behave.
475
00:30:19,951 --> 00:30:23,409
It must have made him very angry...
476
00:30:23,588 --> 00:30:25,818
...and he said to her:
477
00:30:25,990 --> 00:30:28,584
"Don't interfere in things
you don't understand.
478
00:30:28,760 --> 00:30:31,627
This mawkishness
and sentimentality."
479
00:30:31,796 --> 00:30:34,765
He really was very annoyed.
480
00:30:34,933 --> 00:30:38,960
He walked right out of the room
and didn't return.
481
00:30:39,137 --> 00:30:43,699
And Frau Schirach was never invited
to the Berghof again.
482
00:30:44,909 --> 00:30:48,367
I think my husband told me about it.
He was there at the time.
483
00:30:48,546 --> 00:30:52,539
It's something I often thought about
since then....
484
00:30:52,717 --> 00:30:57,211
You couldn't discuss anything
with him...
485
00:30:57,522 --> 00:31:00,821
...that was somehow sensitive...
486
00:31:02,527 --> 00:31:04,392
...or difficult.
487
00:31:04,562 --> 00:31:08,896
It was one aspect of him.
And that was really the only time...
488
00:31:09,100 --> 00:31:13,799
...a conflict situation developed.
489
00:31:13,972 --> 00:31:15,997
But I sometimes think...
490
00:31:16,441 --> 00:31:19,376
...if I ever had the opportunity...
491
00:31:19,544 --> 00:31:22,240
...to meet Hitler again, in this life...
492
00:31:22,413 --> 00:31:24,677
...or in some other world...
493
00:31:25,583 --> 00:31:28,643
...I really would like to ask him...
494
00:31:29,721 --> 00:31:33,748
...what he would have done if he
had found some Jewish blood...
495
00:31:34,058 --> 00:31:37,425
...in his own family.
Would he have gassed himself?
496
00:31:37,996 --> 00:31:41,193
He didn't think in human dimensions.
497
00:31:42,433 --> 00:31:45,061
Humanity was never
of any importance to him.
498
00:31:45,236 --> 00:31:47,227
It was always the concept
of the superman...
499
00:31:47,405 --> 00:31:50,272
...the nation,
always this abstract image...
500
00:31:50,441 --> 00:31:54,070
...of a vast German Reich,
powerful and strong.
501
00:31:54,245 --> 00:31:56,645
But the individual never mattered
to him.
502
00:31:56,814 --> 00:31:59,647
Though he always said he wanted
to make people happy.
503
00:31:59,817 --> 00:32:02,581
He started a variety of welfare...
504
00:32:02,754 --> 00:32:06,520
...and recreational organizations
in the Third Reich.
505
00:32:06,691 --> 00:32:11,560
Personal happiness was never
of the slightest importance to him.
506
00:32:23,808 --> 00:32:26,174
Love was quite alien to him?
507
00:32:29,314 --> 00:32:32,112
He never really spoke about love.
508
00:32:33,685 --> 00:32:37,280
In fact,
I never heard him say the word.
509
00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:41,353
That has just occurred to me.
510
00:32:45,763 --> 00:32:47,663
His ideas on the subject...
511
00:32:47,832 --> 00:32:51,063
...were really what you'd almost
call primitive.
512
00:32:52,537 --> 00:32:56,132
The greatest hero deserves
the most beautiful woman.
513
00:32:57,775 --> 00:33:01,802
He once said that Robert Ley,
the politician, had a beautiful wife...
514
00:33:02,113 --> 00:33:04,081
...and she must have been beautiful.
515
00:33:04,248 --> 00:33:07,513
But in the same way that
Brigitte Helm was...
516
00:33:07,685 --> 00:33:11,849
...as if she were made of marble,
that amazingly regular, blond beauty.
517
00:33:12,323 --> 00:33:15,156
Although I think she was
incredibly boring.
518
00:33:15,326 --> 00:33:20,059
He couldn't understand how a man
with such a beautiful wife...
519
00:33:20,231 --> 00:33:23,166
...could be unfaithful
with a less beautiful woman.
520
00:33:23,501 --> 00:33:26,664
He couldn't imagine that a woman
could have any other...
521
00:33:26,838 --> 00:33:29,272
...qualities apart from flawless beauty.
522
00:33:29,707 --> 00:33:33,666
I don't think he really
knew very much about women.
523
00:33:36,681 --> 00:33:41,345
And I never had the feeling
that his relationship with Eva...
524
00:33:41,853 --> 00:33:44,219
...had a very strong erotic element.
525
00:33:44,389 --> 00:33:48,382
He certainly exerted
considerable attraction, but...
526
00:33:48,559 --> 00:33:52,359
...I don't know whether I'm right
about this, but I had the impression...
527
00:33:53,664 --> 00:33:57,191
...that he felt uneasy
about anything erotic.
528
00:34:01,305 --> 00:34:03,398
I can't really explain it.
529
00:34:04,909 --> 00:34:08,811
I think he wasn't prepared to
let himself go.
530
00:34:09,380 --> 00:34:13,578
And that's a very important part
of an erotic relationship, after all.
531
00:34:17,288 --> 00:34:19,347
He really liked arranging marriages...
532
00:34:19,524 --> 00:34:22,857
...but if he was ever asked
why he didn't marry, he'd say:
533
00:34:23,161 --> 00:34:27,393
"l wouldn't be a good husband.
I couldn't allow myself to be."
534
00:34:28,166 --> 00:34:31,897
And he probably wanted to maintain
the image of an unmarried man...
535
00:34:32,203 --> 00:34:35,604
...for the sake of the female voters.
536
00:34:35,773 --> 00:34:38,298
I mean, women were crazy about him.
537
00:34:38,476 --> 00:34:40,205
I really don't know why.
538
00:34:41,345 --> 00:34:44,246
He did once say something else
on the subject.
539
00:34:44,415 --> 00:34:48,818
He said,
"Children are always a risk.
540
00:34:48,986 --> 00:34:52,319
Sometimes the children of a genius
turn out to be cretins."
541
00:34:52,824 --> 00:34:56,385
And even though I was such
a naive young girl...
542
00:34:56,561 --> 00:34:58,529
...it struck me as very odd.
543
00:34:58,696 --> 00:35:01,494
How can anyone regard himself
as a genius?
544
00:35:01,666 --> 00:35:04,396
It made me flinch inside.
545
00:35:08,873 --> 00:35:12,400
The 20 of July, 1944...
546
00:35:12,710 --> 00:35:15,645
...was a particularly hot,
oppressive day.
547
00:35:17,415 --> 00:35:21,317
Frau Christian and I took advantage
of the weather that morning...
548
00:35:21,486 --> 00:35:25,820
...to go for a bicycle ride outside
the restricted area, to a little lake...
549
00:35:25,990 --> 00:35:29,517
...where we could swim around
and lie in the sun for a while.
550
00:35:29,694 --> 00:35:34,290
We didn't say a word to each other,
we were just dreaming.
551
00:35:35,366 --> 00:35:38,563
When the sun was high in the sky,
and we knew it must be noon...
552
00:35:38,736 --> 00:35:41,762
...we decided it was time to start back.
553
00:35:41,939 --> 00:35:45,306
We didn't know if the
situation report meeting had started...
554
00:35:45,476 --> 00:35:48,536
...and we might have been needed
earlier in any case.
555
00:35:48,880 --> 00:35:51,280
When we got back to the camp...
556
00:35:51,449 --> 00:35:55,852
...the officers' cars were parked there,
so the meeting was still in progress.
557
00:35:56,020 --> 00:35:58,352
We went to our room...
558
00:35:58,956 --> 00:36:02,790
...and all of a sudden there was
a terrible bang.
559
00:36:03,561 --> 00:36:05,028
There were often loud noises...
560
00:36:05,329 --> 00:36:08,457
...if a deer stepped on one
of the land mines...
561
00:36:08,633 --> 00:36:12,433
...or there was an air-raid exercise,
or a new weapon was being tested.
562
00:36:12,603 --> 00:36:14,867
We didn't think anything of it.
563
00:36:15,039 --> 00:36:19,499
But then suddenly there was
a huge uproar outside.
564
00:36:19,677 --> 00:36:21,577
Someone called the doctor.
565
00:36:21,746 --> 00:36:25,910
We raced out of the barracks,
and somehow we could tell...
566
00:36:26,083 --> 00:36:27,983
...that something had happened.
567
00:36:28,286 --> 00:36:31,255
Then we ran towards
the F��hrer's bunker...
568
00:36:31,422 --> 00:36:34,550
...and there were soldiers
running towards us, saying:
569
00:36:34,792 --> 00:36:38,922
"You can't go any further,
there's been a bomb explosion."
570
00:36:39,664 --> 00:36:42,394
But we didn't know whether
the F��hrer had been hit...
571
00:36:42,567 --> 00:36:45,001
...or any details
about what had happened.
572
00:36:45,303 --> 00:36:48,739
Then we headed for the building
where the meeting had taken place...
573
00:36:48,906 --> 00:36:50,464
...and we wanted to go inside...
574
00:36:50,641 --> 00:36:52,734
...but just then someone came...
575
00:36:52,910 --> 00:36:55,902
...towards us covered in blood,
General Jodl, I think...
576
00:36:56,080 --> 00:37:00,073
...and Major Weizenegger,
one of the staff officers...
577
00:37:00,651 --> 00:37:02,585
...and they said to us:
578
00:37:02,753 --> 00:37:07,349
"There's no access here, you can't
go on. You'll have to turn back."
579
00:37:08,826 --> 00:37:11,852
It really was a big shock for us...
580
00:37:12,029 --> 00:37:15,294
...because it made us wonder
what would happen to us...
581
00:37:15,466 --> 00:37:18,128
...if the F��hrer really
had been killed...
582
00:37:18,569 --> 00:37:20,093
...how things could carry on.
583
00:37:20,404 --> 00:37:23,032
There were all sorts of wild thoughts
in our heads:
584
00:37:23,341 --> 00:37:24,831
"What will happen to us?"
585
00:37:25,009 --> 00:37:28,843
Or, "Who could continue to lead us
in the war after the F��hrer?"
586
00:37:29,013 --> 00:37:32,779
It really was an atmosphere
of extreme panic.
587
00:37:33,751 --> 00:37:37,414
We went back to our room...
588
00:37:37,588 --> 00:37:41,115
...and waited there.
Then Otto G��nsche came to see us.
589
00:37:41,692 --> 00:37:45,093
He looked very disheveled
and anxious...
590
00:37:45,396 --> 00:37:48,627
...but he said, "No need to worry,
nothing happened to the F��hrer.
591
00:37:48,799 --> 00:37:50,528
He's in his bunker now...
592
00:37:50,701 --> 00:37:53,727
...and you can go and see him,
if you like."
593
00:37:54,505 --> 00:37:57,565
So we made our way
to the F��hrer's bunker...
594
00:37:57,742 --> 00:37:59,607
...and he was standing
in the anteroom.
595
00:37:59,844 --> 00:38:02,642
He looked so funny,
we almost burst out laughing.
596
00:38:02,813 --> 00:38:04,542
His hair was standing on end...
597
00:38:04,715 --> 00:38:07,809
...his trousers were hanging
in tatters...
598
00:38:07,985 --> 00:38:12,547
...but he greeted us with an almost
triumphant smile, and said:
599
00:38:12,723 --> 00:38:14,987
"l have been saved.
600
00:38:15,559 --> 00:38:18,995
Destiny has chosen me,
providence has preserved me.
601
00:38:19,163 --> 00:38:22,394
It is a sign that I must see my mission
through to the end.
602
00:38:22,566 --> 00:38:26,525
Those cowards were too scared
to open fire and risk their own lives...
603
00:38:26,704 --> 00:38:27,864
...they planted a bomb."
604
00:38:28,039 --> 00:38:30,473
He was raging and cursing...
605
00:38:30,641 --> 00:38:33,439
...and he thought the
construction squad...
606
00:38:33,611 --> 00:38:36,637
...that had just built the barracks...
607
00:38:36,814 --> 00:38:41,683
...might have hidden a bomb
in the floor of the building.
608
00:38:43,354 --> 00:38:45,254
Then we left him.
609
00:38:45,423 --> 00:38:47,186
He told us with great pride...
610
00:38:47,358 --> 00:38:51,351
...that Dr. Morell had taken his pulse,
and it was quite normal.
611
00:38:51,529 --> 00:38:55,522
He just had some bruises
on his right arm, which hurt him...
612
00:38:55,700 --> 00:38:58,760
...so he kept it inside the jacket
of his uniform.
613
00:38:59,704 --> 00:39:03,435
At the time we were very relieved...
614
00:39:03,607 --> 00:39:08,567
...because after all,
we had been spared a huge change...
615
00:39:08,746 --> 00:39:11,476
...that would have affected us
in ways...
616
00:39:11,649 --> 00:39:13,844
...we could hardly imagine.
617
00:39:14,885 --> 00:39:18,286
We had dinner with him that evening.
618
00:39:18,889 --> 00:39:23,417
No, that afternoon Mussolini
came for a visit.
619
00:39:23,861 --> 00:39:28,161
Hitler was very proud when he showed
him the site of the explosion.
620
00:39:28,332 --> 00:39:31,699
He explained that the building...
621
00:39:31,869 --> 00:39:35,737
...had been completely destroyed.
It was a fairly flimsy structure.
622
00:39:36,340 --> 00:39:39,332
And of course he stressed again...
623
00:39:39,577 --> 00:39:44,412
...that it was an act of fate,
an act of divine providence...
624
00:39:44,582 --> 00:39:47,574
...that the meeting had not been
held in the bunker...
625
00:39:47,752 --> 00:39:49,515
...as originally planned.
626
00:39:49,687 --> 00:39:53,384
Since the bunker wasn't finished,
it had been moved to the barracks.
627
00:39:53,557 --> 00:39:56,321
If it had been in the bunker,
he said:
628
00:39:56,494 --> 00:39:58,519
"l would no longer be alive."
629
00:39:59,263 --> 00:40:03,597
But very soon afterwards
something came to light...
630
00:40:03,768 --> 00:40:06,760
...that shocked him to the very core.
631
00:40:07,204 --> 00:40:10,264
He was in talks...
632
00:40:10,441 --> 00:40:13,808
...to establish how the attack
had been mounted...
633
00:40:14,211 --> 00:40:18,113
...when suddenly the telephone
operator came up to him and said:
634
00:40:18,282 --> 00:40:22,412
"My F��hrer, Colonel Stauffenberg...
635
00:40:22,586 --> 00:40:25,646
...has left the barracks.
636
00:40:25,823 --> 00:40:29,418
He said he was going to make
a phone call, but he didn't."
637
00:40:29,593 --> 00:40:33,120
Apparently he used that as a pretense
to leave the barracks...
638
00:40:33,297 --> 00:40:36,562
...but the telephone operator said,
"He didn't make any phone calls."
639
00:40:37,701 --> 00:40:41,228
So straight away suspicion
fell on certain officers...
640
00:40:41,405 --> 00:40:44,067
...instead of the construction squad...
641
00:40:44,241 --> 00:40:48,143
...and of course the information
was sent to Berlin immediately.
642
00:40:48,312 --> 00:40:50,837
Goebbels was informed,
and in Berlin...
643
00:40:51,148 --> 00:40:53,343
...the whole apparatus
was set in motion.
644
00:40:53,517 --> 00:40:57,749
The Army Supreme Command
stepped in, or was informed...
645
00:40:58,055 --> 00:41:00,523
...and Goebbels contacted
Colonel Remer...
646
00:41:00,691 --> 00:41:04,024
...who was in command of the
greater Deutschland regiment.
647
00:41:04,195 --> 00:41:08,825
They occupied the radio station,
and other important sites too, I think...
648
00:41:09,433 --> 00:41:13,870
...so everything went very,
very wrong for Stauffenberg.
649
00:41:15,206 --> 00:41:16,571
Meanwhile...
650
00:41:17,875 --> 00:41:20,105
...in the F��hrer's headquarters...
651
00:41:20,277 --> 00:41:24,611
...this betrayal by senior staff
officers naturally...
652
00:41:25,082 --> 00:41:28,051
...caused a huge panic.
653
00:41:28,219 --> 00:41:31,086
Hitler flew into a rage.
654
00:41:31,555 --> 00:41:35,047
He started cursing the cowards
who wanted to get rid of him...
655
00:41:35,226 --> 00:41:36,784
...and had absolutely no idea...
656
00:41:37,862 --> 00:41:41,093
...what would happen in Germany
and throughout Europe...
657
00:41:41,265 --> 00:41:43,426
...if he were no longer alive...
658
00:41:43,601 --> 00:41:49,369
...if Judaism were once more in power,
full of hatred that would destroy...
659
00:41:49,540 --> 00:41:53,135
...Germany, the whole of Europe
and the entire culture.
660
00:41:53,310 --> 00:41:56,143
"They have no idea," he said...
661
00:41:56,313 --> 00:41:59,305
..."what our enemies plan to do
with Germany and Europe."
662
00:41:59,483 --> 00:42:02,350
The Western powers would never
be powerful enough...
663
00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:06,251
...to resist Bolshevism, he claimed.
664
00:42:06,423 --> 00:42:08,618
Only he had the capacity to do that...
665
00:42:08,792 --> 00:42:12,626
...and he would not be prevented
from carrying out his mission.
666
00:42:12,796 --> 00:42:15,765
There was no other solution,
Germany had to win the war.
667
00:42:15,933 --> 00:42:18,458
By this time he had
worked himself up...
668
00:42:18,636 --> 00:42:21,628
...into an almost euphoric mood.
669
00:42:22,640 --> 00:42:26,872
And the incident made him feel even
more certain he was on the right path.
670
00:42:27,177 --> 00:42:29,236
I have often wondered whether...
671
00:42:29,413 --> 00:42:33,782
...it might have been possible before
then, when the situation wasn't...
672
00:42:33,951 --> 00:42:37,512
...so absolutely terrible, for him to say:
673
00:42:37,688 --> 00:42:39,713
"l can't win the war."
674
00:42:40,257 --> 00:42:43,522
Perhaps he would have said
at some point:
675
00:42:43,694 --> 00:42:46,822
"l have to make peace."
But after the attack...
676
00:42:47,431 --> 00:42:50,264
...any hope of that was
completely in vain.
677
00:42:50,434 --> 00:42:53,528
He felt so reinforced in his beliefs...
678
00:42:53,871 --> 00:42:58,240
...and that evening he made a speech
to the German nation...
679
00:42:58,409 --> 00:43:01,776
...saying he had been saved
in a miraculous way and...
680
00:43:02,313 --> 00:43:07,876
...telling us we had to stake everything
on winning the war.
681
00:43:09,753 --> 00:43:12,688
"We must triumph!"
That stupid, "We must triumph...
682
00:43:12,856 --> 00:43:14,756
...because triumph we must!"
683
00:43:15,793 --> 00:43:19,285
Hitler always used to say,
"lt is impossible...
684
00:43:19,463 --> 00:43:23,797
...for Bolshevism to be victorious.
685
00:43:25,235 --> 00:43:28,727
I am the only one
who can prevent that.
686
00:43:28,906 --> 00:43:32,603
Without Germany, the Western
powers are not strong enough...
687
00:43:32,776 --> 00:43:34,676
...to halt this avalanche."
688
00:43:34,845 --> 00:43:37,541
He was convinced of that...
689
00:43:37,948 --> 00:43:41,406
...but he must also have seen
that victory was impossible.
690
00:43:42,286 --> 00:43:43,753
I actually think...
691
00:43:45,923 --> 00:43:49,484
...he had lost touch with reality.
692
00:43:50,461 --> 00:43:52,395
He simply no longer...
693
00:43:58,869 --> 00:44:01,303
...had his feet firmly on the ground.
694
00:44:01,472 --> 00:44:03,963
So then he wanted
to make a clean sweep...
695
00:44:04,274 --> 00:44:06,674
...and drag everyone else
down with him.
696
00:44:10,514 --> 00:44:13,608
As for myself, deep in my heart...
697
00:44:13,784 --> 00:44:16,378
...I did have some doubts,
and I wondered:
698
00:44:16,553 --> 00:44:18,544
"ls all this absolutely right?"
699
00:44:18,722 --> 00:44:23,421
But then to question the situation...
700
00:44:23,594 --> 00:44:27,894
...actually to initiate a discussion...
701
00:44:28,599 --> 00:44:30,965
...would have taken more courage.
702
00:44:34,505 --> 00:44:38,066
And I think it's also the case that
if you value and respect someone...
703
00:44:38,375 --> 00:44:41,708
...you don't really want to destroy
the image of that person...
704
00:44:41,879 --> 00:44:44,609
...you don't want to know, in fact...
705
00:44:45,349 --> 00:44:47,715
...if disaster lies behind the fa?ade.
706
00:44:51,955 --> 00:44:55,482
I don't think he considered war
a light-hearted matter.
707
00:44:55,659 --> 00:44:57,991
He regarded it as a terrible thing...
708
00:44:58,162 --> 00:45:00,187
...although he never said so.
709
00:45:00,364 --> 00:45:04,357
For instance, whenever
there were reports of air raids...
710
00:45:04,535 --> 00:45:08,596
...and people described the situation,
or if I said something like:
711
00:45:09,039 --> 00:45:13,100
"My F��hrer, you can't imagine
how miserable it is...
712
00:45:13,277 --> 00:45:18,271
...for all those homeless people
whose houses have been bombed...
713
00:45:18,449 --> 00:45:20,417
...it's just so terrible."
714
00:45:20,584 --> 00:45:22,882
He'd stop me right away and say:
715
00:45:23,053 --> 00:45:25,453
"l know exactly how it is,
but we shall strike back.
716
00:45:25,622 --> 00:45:28,420
We shall take revenge,
and with our new weapons...
717
00:45:28,592 --> 00:45:31,220
...everything will change.
Vengeance will be ours!"
718
00:45:31,395 --> 00:45:35,729
He would always say that,
and in particular he'd say that...
719
00:45:36,033 --> 00:45:40,060
...we would rebuild everything after
the war and make it better than ever.
720
00:45:41,638 --> 00:45:44,436
I think there was a general policy
of denial.
721
00:45:44,608 --> 00:45:47,441
He never did see a city
that had been badly bombed.
722
00:45:47,611 --> 00:45:52,514
We traveled through Germany in the
special train with the blinds down...
723
00:45:53,083 --> 00:45:58,715
...and when he reached Anhalter
Station in Berlin at night...
724
00:45:59,623 --> 00:46:03,650
...the chauffeur would take the streets
that weren't so badly damaged.
725
00:46:06,263 --> 00:46:09,960
Another thing, he would never
have flowers in his room.
726
00:46:10,467 --> 00:46:12,992
He hated to have dead things around.
727
00:46:13,170 --> 00:46:15,934
And that's strange,
when you think about it.
728
00:46:16,106 --> 00:46:19,007
Someone who kills thousands
of people...
729
00:46:19,176 --> 00:46:23,203
...doesn't want dead flowers in
his room, beautiful flowers.
730
00:46:27,584 --> 00:46:32,817
With a sort of last thirst for life,
Eva Braun tried...
731
00:46:33,123 --> 00:46:35,114
...to organize one final party.
732
00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:38,557
She took the people
who were still there...
733
00:46:38,729 --> 00:46:41,425
...back up to her old living quarters...
734
00:46:41,598 --> 00:46:46,126
...and played one single record called,
"Red Roses Tell You of Love. "
735
00:46:46,303 --> 00:46:49,670
There was dancing and champagne...
736
00:46:49,840 --> 00:46:54,038
...and she was almost
hysterically cheerful.
737
00:46:54,211 --> 00:46:59,649
But there was a forced,
desperate atmosphere...
738
00:46:59,817 --> 00:47:01,978
...and it was eerie.
739
00:47:02,152 --> 00:47:05,553
The Russian rocket launchers
provided an accompaniment.
740
00:47:05,756 --> 00:47:10,250
I was there for a while, but then I left.
741
00:47:10,427 --> 00:47:13,658
I was in a very miserable mood.
742
00:47:13,831 --> 00:47:17,824
Then I went down to the bunker,
where I had sleeping quarters...
743
00:47:18,235 --> 00:47:20,863
...and I tried to get some sleep.
744
00:47:22,139 --> 00:47:25,540
The following day,
which was the 22 of April...
745
00:47:27,511 --> 00:47:31,072
...Hitler called a meeting
to discuss the situation.
746
00:47:31,248 --> 00:47:34,740
All the officers from the general staff
came along...
747
00:47:34,918 --> 00:47:37,819
...General Krebs, General Burgdorf...
748
00:47:38,121 --> 00:47:41,215
...and all the adjutants.
749
00:47:43,894 --> 00:47:45,486
All of a sudden...
750
00:47:46,830 --> 00:47:49,663
...he opened the door
of the conference room...
751
00:47:49,833 --> 00:47:52,825
...walked out into the anteroom,
to his study...
752
00:47:53,136 --> 00:47:54,694
...and sent for us.
753
00:47:55,305 --> 00:47:57,603
I mean the women
who were still there:
754
00:47:57,774 --> 00:47:59,742
Frau Christian and me...
755
00:47:59,910 --> 00:48:06,145
...and the cook, Fr?ulein Manzialy...
756
00:48:06,750 --> 00:48:10,481
...and Eva Braun. And he said:
757
00:48:10,654 --> 00:48:14,146
"All is lost.
You must leave Berlin at once."
758
00:48:14,892 --> 00:48:17,952
His face was like
a mask of stone.
759
00:48:18,328 --> 00:48:22,162
In fact, it already looked as though
he were wearing a death mask.
760
00:48:23,166 --> 00:48:26,465
We stood there, completely stunned...
761
00:48:27,638 --> 00:48:30,129
...and then Eva Braun
walked up to him...
762
00:48:30,307 --> 00:48:32,434
...took both his hands in hers
and said:
763
00:48:32,609 --> 00:48:36,602
"But you must know I'll stay with you.
I shall never leave you."
764
00:48:36,780 --> 00:48:39,772
And then he leaned forwards...
765
00:48:39,950 --> 00:48:43,613
...and for the first time
that anyone had ever seen...
766
00:48:43,787 --> 00:48:45,812
...he kissed her on the lips.
767
00:48:47,524 --> 00:48:51,483
Then Frau Christian and I both said:
768
00:48:51,662 --> 00:48:53,323
"I'm staying here."
769
00:48:54,031 --> 00:48:55,931
I don't know why I said it.
770
00:48:56,099 --> 00:48:59,068
I suppose I couldn't imagine
where else to go.
771
00:48:59,236 --> 00:49:01,704
And I felt quite anxious, in a way.
772
00:49:02,172 --> 00:49:05,232
I was scared of leaving that
secure environment.
773
00:49:05,409 --> 00:49:09,311
Maybe I didn't really believe
it was so serious, as well.
774
00:49:09,646 --> 00:49:12,513
Then he said,
"l shall shoot myself."
775
00:49:14,551 --> 00:49:16,041
And he added:
776
00:49:16,219 --> 00:49:19,279
"l only wish my generals
had as much courage as you."
777
00:49:19,690 --> 00:49:21,555
Then we left the room...
778
00:49:21,725 --> 00:49:24,922
...and everyone from the meeting
was standing there.
779
00:49:25,095 --> 00:49:29,122
Their faces were either red
or as white as corpses.
780
00:49:29,299 --> 00:49:30,994
And they stood completely still.
781
00:49:31,468 --> 00:49:34,198
I don't remember what I did
after that.
782
00:49:34,371 --> 00:49:37,670
The whole situation had somehow...
783
00:49:37,975 --> 00:49:40,569
...Ieft me in a state of shock.
784
00:49:46,249 --> 00:49:49,776
But life went on,
at least for a while.
785
00:49:50,287 --> 00:49:53,586
Hitler insisted there was
no way of saving the situation...
786
00:49:53,757 --> 00:49:56,123
...although the generals
kept on trying...
787
00:49:56,293 --> 00:49:59,751
...to persuade him
there were some possibilities.
788
00:50:00,130 --> 00:50:03,622
But after the 22 of April...
789
00:50:03,800 --> 00:50:06,030
...there was one disaster
after another.
790
00:50:06,203 --> 00:50:10,367
Then all personnel who could
be spared left and headed south.
791
00:50:12,275 --> 00:50:15,972
Hitler's chief adjutant,
a man called Schau...
792
00:50:16,146 --> 00:50:19,445
...was an old warrior from
the early days, a loyal follower...
793
00:50:19,750 --> 00:50:22,514
...and he had to pack...
794
00:50:22,686 --> 00:50:27,521
...all the private documents
and papers in a box.
795
00:50:27,691 --> 00:50:30,285
He burnt some of them
in front of the bunker...
796
00:50:30,460 --> 00:50:34,658
...and he put the others
in the last plane to leave.
797
00:50:35,499 --> 00:50:37,592
Then he had to get away himself.
798
00:50:37,768 --> 00:50:42,796
He had to set off for Munich,
so he could do the same thing there.
799
00:50:43,106 --> 00:50:47,042
Sort through all the files
and documents...
800
00:50:47,210 --> 00:50:48,507
...and destroy some of them.
801
00:50:48,678 --> 00:50:52,170
He parted from the F��hrer
with tears in his eyes.
802
00:50:52,449 --> 00:50:56,112
Fr?ulein Wolf and Fr?ulein Schr?der
also had to leave Berlin...
803
00:50:57,154 --> 00:51:02,421
...and those of us who were left started
to lead a sort of shadowy existence.
804
00:51:03,326 --> 00:51:06,022
We lost track of whether
it was day or night.
805
00:51:06,196 --> 00:51:09,427
We would have meals without
knowing what we were eating.
806
00:51:09,599 --> 00:51:12,762
We still tried to conduct
conversations...
807
00:51:13,070 --> 00:51:17,097
...but from that point on,
most of the talk was really about...
808
00:51:17,641 --> 00:51:21,133
...the best, most certain
and most painless way...
809
00:51:21,311 --> 00:51:23,541
...to put an end to our lives.
810
00:51:25,816 --> 00:51:30,617
Naturally we said to Hitler,
"Why don't you try to get away?"
811
00:51:30,787 --> 00:51:34,154
His reply was, "l do not wish
to fall into enemy hands alive."
812
00:51:34,324 --> 00:51:37,225
So we said, "Why do you insist
on killing yourself?"
813
00:51:37,394 --> 00:51:40,158
He said, "l do not want the enemy
to take me alive.
814
00:51:40,330 --> 00:51:43,163
I have no strength to fight
at the head of my troops...
815
00:51:43,333 --> 00:51:47,292
...and none of my loyal followers
will shoot me when I ask them to.
816
00:51:47,471 --> 00:51:49,439
So I shall have to do it myself."
817
00:51:50,140 --> 00:51:55,772
At that point he obtained some
poison capsules from Himmler.
818
00:51:56,913 --> 00:51:59,438
We asked for some too.
819
00:51:59,783 --> 00:52:04,152
The stories about
what the Russian troops...
820
00:52:04,321 --> 00:52:08,223
...did to the women when they
occupied German towns...
821
00:52:08,391 --> 00:52:10,882
...were so terrible and frightening...
822
00:52:11,194 --> 00:52:13,890
...that we also asked...
823
00:52:14,264 --> 00:52:17,495
...if we could have cyanide capsules
for use in an emergency.
824
00:52:17,901 --> 00:52:21,098
He gave us some tablets,
and as he did so, he said:
825
00:52:21,271 --> 00:52:24,672
"l would have preferred to give you
a nicer farewell gift."
826
00:52:25,675 --> 00:52:29,133
We were also allowed
to learn to shoot.
827
00:52:30,447 --> 00:52:34,645
Although for some time we
had been shooting at targets...
828
00:52:34,818 --> 00:52:37,184
...in the grounds of the chancellery.
829
00:52:37,354 --> 00:52:40,221
We had requested this before,
back in East Prussia...
830
00:52:40,390 --> 00:52:43,416
...but he had refused.
Now he granted our request.
831
00:52:43,593 --> 00:52:45,493
Eva Braun joined in.
832
00:52:47,430 --> 00:52:53,369
A couple of days later, it must
have been about the 24 of April...
833
00:52:53,904 --> 00:52:57,897
...Goebbels happened to see me
in the corridor, and he said:
834
00:52:58,208 --> 00:53:03,510
"Frau Junge, my family will now
be moving into the F��hrer's bunker.
835
00:53:03,713 --> 00:53:07,547
See to it that the children
are given somewhere to sleep."
836
00:53:08,985 --> 00:53:12,250
I passed the message on
to the household steward...
837
00:53:12,422 --> 00:53:15,550
...or the director of the F��hrer's
living quarters...
838
00:53:15,725 --> 00:53:18,523
...and a room was provided
for the children.
839
00:53:18,695 --> 00:53:22,461
There were bunk beds for the children,
all set up.
840
00:53:22,632 --> 00:53:26,432
Not long afterwards Frau Goebbels
came along with the six children.
841
00:53:26,603 --> 00:53:29,128
The children were in a good mood
and happy...
842
00:53:29,306 --> 00:53:31,433
...that they could be with Uncle Hitler.
843
00:53:31,608 --> 00:53:34,736
I suppose someone said,
"We'll be safer in here."
844
00:53:35,612 --> 00:53:39,378
I don't think they had begun
to suspect...
845
00:53:39,549 --> 00:53:43,576
...that it was going to be a very,
very bad time all around.
846
00:53:47,424 --> 00:53:49,688
Naturally all through this period...
847
00:53:49,859 --> 00:53:53,158
...there was a terribly tense
atmosphere everywhere.
848
00:53:53,330 --> 00:53:58,233
What was going to happen in this
last round of attack and defense?
849
00:53:58,401 --> 00:54:00,392
Reports would come from the front...
850
00:54:00,570 --> 00:54:04,631
...but without providing any real news.
There were always crisis meetings...
851
00:54:04,808 --> 00:54:07,208
...that broke up without any hope.
852
00:54:07,377 --> 00:54:09,902
There were no more attacks...
853
00:54:10,213 --> 00:54:12,204
...and there was no more defense.
854
00:54:12,515 --> 00:54:17,214
Because Hitler had given up
all hope...
855
00:54:17,387 --> 00:54:20,413
...and he had withdrawn,
withdrawn into himself.
856
00:54:20,590 --> 00:54:23,753
He became completely numb
and apathetic...
857
00:54:23,927 --> 00:54:27,328
...and he would just sit in the corridor
with one of the puppies.
858
00:54:27,497 --> 00:54:30,398
Blondie had had puppies by then.
859
00:54:30,567 --> 00:54:33,536
They lived in a small room
in the bunker...
860
00:54:33,703 --> 00:54:35,466
...a washroom.
861
00:54:35,639 --> 00:54:39,837
He would sit there with a puppy
in his lap, staring ahead blankly.
862
00:54:40,710 --> 00:54:43,201
We didn't know
what he was waiting for...
863
00:54:43,380 --> 00:54:46,213
...but the officers kept on trying....
864
00:54:46,383 --> 00:54:49,716
Suddenly they came along with
a suggestion that General Wenck...
865
00:54:49,886 --> 00:54:53,913
...who was heading west
with his army at the time...
866
00:54:54,224 --> 00:54:55,589
...could turn back...
867
00:54:55,759 --> 00:55:00,628
...and meet up with General Steiner
coming down from the north.
868
00:55:00,797 --> 00:55:03,960
Then it should be possible
to save Berlin.
869
00:55:04,567 --> 00:55:07,627
That gave Hitler a new lease of life.
870
00:55:07,804 --> 00:55:10,602
He started to show an interest
in the situation again...
871
00:55:10,774 --> 00:55:14,574
...there were more meetings,
and we would sit around.
872
00:55:14,744 --> 00:55:17,235
By now we didn't know
if it was day or night.
873
00:55:17,414 --> 00:55:19,780
There were no more
regular mealtimes.
874
00:55:22,719 --> 00:55:27,315
Nothing was done with
any ceremony anymore.
875
00:55:27,691 --> 00:55:30,888
People even started smoking
in Hitler's presence.
876
00:55:33,029 --> 00:55:36,430
There were still conversations
around the dinner table.
877
00:55:36,733 --> 00:55:39,133
And still tea in the evening.
878
00:55:39,302 --> 00:55:42,669
Though Hitler was
very apathetic then...
879
00:55:42,972 --> 00:55:44,701
...and the mood was very subdued...
880
00:55:45,008 --> 00:55:47,533
...which was naturally to be expected.
881
00:55:47,711 --> 00:55:51,147
And there were also a few attempts...
882
00:55:51,781 --> 00:55:56,616
...at a kind of gallows humor like,
"Chin up while you've still got one!"
883
00:55:57,620 --> 00:56:00,350
It was an awful time.
884
00:56:00,523 --> 00:56:03,492
We all acted somehow as if we were...
885
00:56:03,660 --> 00:56:05,457
...automatons, without....
886
00:56:05,628 --> 00:56:08,688
I simply can't remember
any genuine feelings at all.
887
00:56:08,998 --> 00:56:11,523
It was like drifting...
888
00:56:11,701 --> 00:56:15,159
...and not really being yourself at all.
889
00:56:18,108 --> 00:56:21,566
You have to imagine
what the situation was like.
890
00:56:21,745 --> 00:56:23,508
The deafening roar...
891
00:56:23,680 --> 00:56:27,138
...of artillery and air raids...
892
00:56:27,317 --> 00:56:30,286
...the completely ghostly atmosphere...
893
00:56:30,453 --> 00:56:33,149
...against a background
of constant noise.
894
00:56:33,323 --> 00:56:34,984
But despite everything...
895
00:56:35,158 --> 00:56:38,150
...sometimes when there was a break
in the shelling...
896
00:56:38,695 --> 00:56:43,223
...and it was quiet up top,
I'd go outside with...
897
00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:47,029
...Eva Braun and Frau Christian,
into the grounds.
898
00:56:47,604 --> 00:56:50,164
And it was spring up there!
899
00:56:50,340 --> 00:56:53,537
The narcissuses were in bloom,
there were buds on the trees...
900
00:56:53,710 --> 00:56:58,272
...the sun was shining, and somehow
that raised our hopes again...
901
00:56:58,448 --> 00:57:01,781
...made us feel alive again...
902
00:57:02,085 --> 00:57:05,748
...because nature had not come
to a standstill.
903
00:57:06,055 --> 00:57:11,015
Afterwards we would go back down
into the bunker feeling quite refreshed.
904
00:57:11,194 --> 00:57:13,594
And everyone
would be sitting around...
905
00:57:13,763 --> 00:57:15,822
...hopeless and full of despair.
906
00:57:16,132 --> 00:57:18,396
Eva Braun was with us
the last time...
907
00:57:18,568 --> 00:57:22,197
...we went up to the grounds
for a walk...
908
00:57:22,372 --> 00:57:26,433
...and in the grounds of the next
building, the Foreign Ministry...
909
00:57:26,609 --> 00:57:32,206
...she saw a very beautiful statue
of a nymph beside a fountain.
910
00:57:32,449 --> 00:57:35,646
She was so impressed that
she went back into the bunker...
911
00:57:35,819 --> 00:57:40,153
...and said to the F��hrer,
"You know, there's a statue up there...
912
00:57:40,323 --> 00:57:44,089
...and if you win the war,
I'd like you to buy it for me."
913
00:57:44,260 --> 00:57:46,228
And then he said:
914
00:57:46,396 --> 00:57:49,797
"But I don't know who it belongs to.
It's state property.
915
00:57:50,099 --> 00:57:53,557
I can't just buy it and put it
in your private garden."
916
00:57:54,370 --> 00:57:57,703
It's amazing, the things that went on.
Then she said:
917
00:57:57,874 --> 00:58:00,741
"But if you do manage
to triumph over the Russians...
918
00:58:00,910 --> 00:58:03,845
...you could make an exception
just this once."
919
00:58:04,180 --> 00:58:08,514
And it was really bizarre, you see,
because conversations like that...
920
00:58:08,685 --> 00:58:12,246
...actually did take place, and then
afterwards we would go back...
921
00:58:12,422 --> 00:58:14,890
...to discussing the best way
to commit suicide.
922
00:58:15,191 --> 00:58:18,092
The surest way is to shoot yourself
in the mouth.
923
00:58:18,261 --> 00:58:20,729
If you shoot yourself in the head...
924
00:58:20,897 --> 00:58:23,491
...you might end up like
General Stiegler in Paris...
925
00:58:23,666 --> 00:58:28,160
...who shot himself in the head after
the attack and only blinded himself.
926
00:58:28,338 --> 00:58:31,603
And Eva said,
"l want to be a beautiful corpse...
927
00:58:31,774 --> 00:58:33,264
...so I'll take the poison."
928
00:58:35,478 --> 00:58:40,347
That paradoxical roller coaster
of emotions left you...
929
00:58:40,817 --> 00:58:44,548
...feeling completely drained inside...
930
00:58:44,721 --> 00:58:45,881
...and quite numb.
931
00:58:46,189 --> 00:58:49,181
Being in that situation,
as I remember it...
932
00:58:49,359 --> 00:58:52,192
...was like being in a trance
or a state of shock...
933
00:58:52,362 --> 00:58:54,330
...where you function automatically...
934
00:58:54,497 --> 00:58:58,627
...without analyzing your emotions
or even really feeling them.
935
00:58:59,903 --> 00:59:03,430
And some of the situations that arose
were so weird.
936
00:59:04,774 --> 00:59:07,902
Suddenly there was a rumor
that Himmler...
937
00:59:08,811 --> 00:59:14,750
...had been holding peace
negotiations with Count Bernadotte.
938
00:59:15,785 --> 00:59:19,312
Then Hitler became incredibly
worked up and suspicious...
939
00:59:19,489 --> 00:59:24,188
...because he thought one of
the liaison officers with Himmler...
940
00:59:24,360 --> 00:59:28,296
...General Fegelein or an SS doctor
called Stumpfegger...
941
00:59:28,464 --> 00:59:31,763
...might be involved in a conspiracy
with Himmler...
942
00:59:31,935 --> 00:59:34,460
...to bring him out of
the bunker alive.
943
00:59:34,637 --> 00:59:36,798
He even turned Dr. Morell away...
944
00:59:36,973 --> 00:59:40,704
...when he came to give him
his usual injections:
945
00:59:41,778 --> 00:59:44,770
"Get out of my room
and leave this place at once!"
946
00:59:44,948 --> 00:59:46,939
He was afraid...
947
00:59:47,250 --> 00:59:50,344
...that someone might
have been bribed...
948
00:59:51,220 --> 00:59:54,485
...to make an attempt to get him
out of Berlin alive.
949
00:59:55,224 --> 00:59:59,456
He had told everyone he wouldn't go,
but they had all tried to persuade him.
950
01:00:00,830 --> 01:00:04,698
Then Eva Braun, who suddenly
developed a loyalty complex, said:
951
01:00:04,867 --> 01:00:08,234
"And where's Speer?
Speer's your friend, isn't he?
952
01:00:08,404 --> 01:00:11,532
He should be at your side
during this difficult time."
953
01:00:11,708 --> 01:00:13,699
And he said, "Listen, my child...
954
01:00:13,876 --> 01:00:18,506
...Speer has important things
to do outside.
955
01:00:18,681 --> 01:00:23,380
His place is where he has work to do,
not in here with me."
956
01:00:24,554 --> 01:00:28,456
And she replied, "But he is your friend,
so he's bound to come."
957
01:00:28,625 --> 01:00:30,855
In fact, Speer actually did come.
958
01:00:31,027 --> 01:00:32,517
Yes, Speer came...
959
01:00:33,329 --> 01:00:36,765
...and had a long talk with Hitler.
960
01:00:38,668 --> 01:00:43,628
I don't know what they discussed.
Hitler didn't say anything about it.
961
01:00:43,973 --> 01:00:48,307
But Speer couldn't persuade him
either...
962
01:00:48,478 --> 01:00:50,571
...and I don't even think he tried.
963
01:00:50,747 --> 01:00:54,410
I almost think that
at that moment...
964
01:00:54,717 --> 01:00:58,483
...Speer had decided not to carry out
the scorched earth policy.
965
01:00:59,956 --> 01:01:02,982
Afterwards it was said...
966
01:01:03,292 --> 01:01:06,523
...that he somehow tried to gas
everyone in the bunker...
967
01:01:06,696 --> 01:01:09,756
...with gas in the air shaft.
968
01:01:10,466 --> 01:01:14,835
But I'm not sure if that is true
or if he intended to do it.
969
01:01:15,338 --> 01:01:20,435
And then there was another
startling turn of events.
970
01:01:20,610 --> 01:01:24,774
G?ring had been appointed
vice-chancellor by that stage...
971
01:01:24,947 --> 01:01:26,744
...and he was at the Berghof.
972
01:01:26,916 --> 01:01:31,216
Suddenly he sent a telegram saying,
"My F��hrer...
973
01:01:31,387 --> 01:01:36,654
...since you have no more scope
for action or decisions in Berlin...
974
01:01:36,826 --> 01:01:40,353
...I shall consider myself appointed
your successor...
975
01:01:40,530 --> 01:01:44,364
...if I hear nothing from you by 2200."
976
01:01:45,401 --> 01:01:49,701
This telegram had been received
by Martin Bormann...
977
01:01:49,872 --> 01:01:54,400
...who still controlled the information
that reached Hitler.
978
01:01:54,577 --> 01:01:59,139
Nothing ever landed on Hitler's desk
without Bormann seeing it first.
979
01:01:59,716 --> 01:02:02,651
Bormann had handed the telegram
to Hitler...
980
01:02:02,819 --> 01:02:07,518
...and presumably offered
his interpretation.
981
01:02:07,690 --> 01:02:12,593
In any case,
Hitler regarded it as high treason...
982
01:02:12,762 --> 01:02:15,629
...and no doubt Bormann reinforced
that view.
983
01:02:15,798 --> 01:02:20,167
He gave the order for G?ring
and his entire staff to be arrested.
984
01:02:22,605 --> 01:02:25,802
This act of betrayal made him much,
much more suspicious.
985
01:02:26,109 --> 01:02:28,236
He even ordered...
986
01:02:28,878 --> 01:02:32,507
...his brother-in-law, Fegelein,
to be shot.
987
01:02:33,449 --> 01:02:38,477
Although he had released Fegelein
from his duties on the 22 of April:
988
01:02:38,654 --> 01:02:40,679
"You may leave if you wish."
989
01:02:40,857 --> 01:02:44,293
The people who had stayed behind
had declared...
990
01:02:44,460 --> 01:02:48,157
...that it was their choice,
but one day Fegelein vanished.
991
01:02:48,331 --> 01:02:51,391
Fegelein wasn't just liaison officer
with Himmler...
992
01:02:51,567 --> 01:02:53,694
...but also Eva Braun's brother-in-law.
993
01:02:53,870 --> 01:02:56,600
He had married Eva's sister, Gretel.
994
01:02:56,773 --> 01:03:00,607
And Gretel was expecting a baby.
She was in Munich.
995
01:03:00,910 --> 01:03:04,437
Fegelein suddenly went missing.
996
01:03:04,614 --> 01:03:07,674
Suddenly he wasn't to be found
in the bunker.
997
01:03:08,451 --> 01:03:12,148
Hitler wanted to see him,
but he couldn't be found.
998
01:03:13,189 --> 01:03:15,714
Then Eva managed to contact him
in his apartment...
999
01:03:15,892 --> 01:03:18,759
...and he said to her,
"I'm begging you...
1000
01:03:18,928 --> 01:03:22,830
...come to Munich with me.
You'll die if you don't get away!"
1001
01:03:23,399 --> 01:03:26,630
And Eva replied,
"Hermann, you know I'll never leave.
1002
01:03:26,803 --> 01:03:29,966
I want you to come here at once.
The F��hrer needs you."
1003
01:03:30,940 --> 01:03:33,568
Fegelein didn't turn up...
1004
01:03:33,743 --> 01:03:37,702
...so someone was sent to fetch him,
and he was completely drunk.
1005
01:03:38,214 --> 01:03:40,842
Then Hitler had him shot.
1006
01:03:44,220 --> 01:03:47,712
Eva shed many tears about that...
1007
01:03:47,890 --> 01:03:49,755
...but she did accept it.
1008
01:03:49,926 --> 01:03:53,555
It was one more betrayal
at a time...
1009
01:03:53,729 --> 01:03:57,825
...when there was no hope left, a time
when Hitler wanted to kill himself.
1010
01:04:00,837 --> 01:04:03,237
I could hardly comprehend
what was going on...
1011
01:04:03,406 --> 01:04:06,000
...because it was all so ambiguous.
1012
01:04:09,278 --> 01:04:13,977
And then, on 26 of April...
1013
01:04:14,717 --> 01:04:17,379
...when everything was in flames
around us...
1014
01:04:17,553 --> 01:04:19,384
...with smoke billowing around...
1015
01:04:19,555 --> 01:04:22,183
...and there were bomb craters
everywhere...
1016
01:04:22,358 --> 01:04:24,223
...on the main road in front...
1017
01:04:24,393 --> 01:04:27,226
...of the Brandenburg Gate,
a Storch light plane landed.
1018
01:04:27,396 --> 01:04:31,890
It was Hanna Reitsch, the aviator,
and General von Greim.
1019
01:04:32,335 --> 01:04:35,031
He was wounded.
Enemy fighters had attacked them...
1020
01:04:35,338 --> 01:04:38,637
...and Greim had a bullet in his leg.
1021
01:04:39,542 --> 01:04:43,376
Dr. Stumpfegger tended his wound...
1022
01:04:43,546 --> 01:04:47,642
...and Hanna Reitsch beamed
as she approached...
1023
01:04:47,817 --> 01:04:51,844
...her beloved F��hrer.
I never saw a woman...
1024
01:04:52,021 --> 01:04:56,355
...greet the F��hrer with such
obsessive devotion...
1025
01:04:56,592 --> 01:04:59,356
...with such willingness to die for him.
1026
01:04:59,662 --> 01:05:04,622
She wasn't passive, like Eva Braun.
She was a fighter.
1027
01:05:05,534 --> 01:05:09,937
Then she sang some lullabies
with the Goebbels' children.
1028
01:05:11,274 --> 01:05:16,268
Greim was intended
to succeed G?ring...
1029
01:05:16,445 --> 01:05:21,314
...so Hanna Reitsch was ready
to make-- What should I say...
1030
01:05:21,784 --> 01:05:25,584
...a rallying call when
she flew out of Berlin again.
1031
01:05:25,755 --> 01:05:27,916
And she got away safely.
1032
01:05:28,090 --> 01:05:32,789
But it was a macabre incident
at the time.
1033
01:05:36,465 --> 01:05:40,697
Suddenly someone from
the outside world burst into...
1034
01:05:40,870 --> 01:05:43,600
...that trap we were in,
and then flew off again...
1035
01:05:43,773 --> 01:05:46,571
...spreading a message of hope.
1036
01:05:46,742 --> 01:05:48,437
We were left behind...
1037
01:05:48,611 --> 01:05:52,308
...and it was only three more days
to the bitter end.
1038
01:05:57,486 --> 01:06:01,718
I don't really know how we carried on,
it was a shadowy existence.
1039
01:06:01,891 --> 01:06:06,851
We kept on handing round cups
of tea and sitting there...
1040
01:06:07,029 --> 01:06:10,658
...still hoping for something,
still waiting.
1041
01:06:10,833 --> 01:06:15,327
But the counterattack with Wenck
and Steiner never came off.
1042
01:06:17,006 --> 01:06:19,941
Other things did happen, though.
1043
01:06:20,109 --> 01:06:24,136
A girl who worked in the kitchen
got married.
1044
01:06:24,680 --> 01:06:28,639
They fetched a registrar to the bunker.
1045
01:06:30,987 --> 01:06:35,390
Then someone brought the bride's
parents in from the bombed city.
1046
01:06:35,624 --> 01:06:38,957
They got married,
and then there was a party.
1047
01:06:39,128 --> 01:06:44,122
With the thunder of the artillery
and shells bursting all around.
1048
01:06:45,034 --> 01:06:47,059
I think people were even dancing.
1049
01:06:47,370 --> 01:06:48,928
Someone had an accordion.
1050
01:06:49,105 --> 01:06:51,903
It really was a bizarre moment.
1051
01:06:52,708 --> 01:06:54,972
And then Hitler...
1052
01:06:57,847 --> 01:07:02,409
...decided to poison his dog.
1053
01:07:03,185 --> 01:07:06,120
After Fegelein was executed...
1054
01:07:06,422 --> 01:07:10,620
...and Himmler's treason became
known, Hitler no longer trusted...
1055
01:07:10,793 --> 01:07:12,988
...the cyanide Himmler had given him.
1056
01:07:13,162 --> 01:07:17,428
He wanted to test it on his dog
to make sure it worked.
1057
01:07:18,167 --> 01:07:21,933
So then poor Blondie was poisoned.
1058
01:07:22,138 --> 01:07:23,833
The poison worked very well.
1059
01:07:24,006 --> 01:07:29,000
It left that smell of bitter almonds
in the bunker...
1060
01:07:29,178 --> 01:07:31,009
...which was terrible.
1061
01:07:31,947 --> 01:07:35,610
I remember thinking,
"That is the worst thing of all...
1062
01:07:35,785 --> 01:07:37,753
...dying down here in the bunker."
1063
01:07:39,221 --> 01:07:41,451
But that was only part of my feeling...
1064
01:07:41,624 --> 01:07:46,118
...because I also felt there might
just be some way out.
1065
01:07:52,868 --> 01:07:55,996
I was sitting outside the bunker
one other time...
1066
01:07:56,172 --> 01:07:59,232
...with Eva Braun, in the open air...
1067
01:07:59,575 --> 01:08:02,601
...and at one very silent moment
she said:
1068
01:08:02,778 --> 01:08:05,178
"Go on, give me a cigarette too."
1069
01:08:05,481 --> 01:08:08,006
And then she said,
"l shall be weeping this evening."
1070
01:08:08,184 --> 01:08:10,846
And I said, "What do you mean?
Has the time come?"
1071
01:08:11,020 --> 01:08:13,011
"No, no," she said, "not that."
1072
01:08:13,189 --> 01:08:17,592
And that evening,
it was the 28 of April.
1073
01:08:18,828 --> 01:08:20,728
That evening...
1074
01:08:22,098 --> 01:08:25,761
...was when Hitler....
1075
01:08:26,602 --> 01:08:27,899
How did it happen?
1076
01:08:30,306 --> 01:08:34,208
Yes, Hitler married Eva Braun.
1077
01:08:35,644 --> 01:08:38,511
A registrar was fetched again...
1078
01:08:38,681 --> 01:08:40,774
...and the two of them were married...
1079
01:08:40,950 --> 01:08:45,182
...to the thunder
of the Russian artillery.
1080
01:08:45,855 --> 01:08:50,315
When she signed her name
Eva started writing a B, and then...
1081
01:08:50,493 --> 01:08:52,518
...she changed it to an H.
1082
01:08:52,695 --> 01:08:58,691
So she emerged from that inferno
as Frau Hitler...
1083
01:08:58,868 --> 01:09:02,531
...and walked past the staff,
who were lined up...
1084
01:09:02,872 --> 01:09:06,899
...saying to them,
"You may now call me Frau Hitler."
1085
01:09:07,376 --> 01:09:11,836
Before then the staff had always
referred to her as "Fr?ulein."
1086
01:09:12,448 --> 01:09:17,715
Then they all went into the room
were Hitler took tea in the evenings.
1087
01:09:17,887 --> 01:09:20,378
I was going to follow them.
1088
01:09:20,556 --> 01:09:23,252
But he said,
"My child, have you rested a little?"
1089
01:09:23,425 --> 01:09:24,653
I said, "Yes."
1090
01:09:24,827 --> 01:09:26,988
And he said,
"Please come into the next room...
1091
01:09:27,296 --> 01:09:29,230
...I have some dictation for you."
1092
01:09:30,733 --> 01:09:33,930
And I thought to myself,
"What does he want to dictate now?"
1093
01:09:34,470 --> 01:09:38,406
I went into the room,
which was very bare...
1094
01:09:38,941 --> 01:09:41,432
...with just one big table...
1095
01:09:41,610 --> 01:09:44,841
...a bench against the wall
and a few armchairs.
1096
01:09:45,414 --> 01:09:49,248
And he said,
"Fetch a shorthand pad."
1097
01:09:49,418 --> 01:09:50,578
That was the first time.
1098
01:09:50,753 --> 01:09:54,280
I had never in my life
taken shorthand from him.
1099
01:09:54,456 --> 01:09:58,415
I didn't have a pad with me,
so I had to go and find one.
1100
01:09:58,727 --> 01:10:01,662
I sat down, and he started speaking.
1101
01:10:02,998 --> 01:10:06,058
Leaning forward at the desk,
resting on his hands...
1102
01:10:06,368 --> 01:10:10,498
...and with a blank expression,
gazing into the distance.
1103
01:10:10,706 --> 01:10:13,732
He said, "My political testament."
1104
01:10:14,944 --> 01:10:16,969
And I thought to myself:
1105
01:10:18,047 --> 01:10:20,811
"Now I'm going to find out
what really happened.
1106
01:10:20,983 --> 01:10:23,816
Now I'm going to find out
why the war is lost.
1107
01:10:23,986 --> 01:10:26,921
He's going to make excuses
and provide justifications.
1108
01:10:27,089 --> 01:10:29,319
Now he's going to explain everything."
1109
01:10:29,925 --> 01:10:33,986
Then he started speaking,
and all of a sudden...
1110
01:10:34,363 --> 01:10:37,457
...it was all the old phrases,
"The Jews are to blame."
1111
01:10:37,633 --> 01:10:40,830
And, "The struggle was necessary...
1112
01:10:41,003 --> 01:10:44,734
...in order to prevent a worse fate
and save the world."
1113
01:10:44,907 --> 01:10:48,843
And, "The German people were not
ready for their mission...
1114
01:10:49,011 --> 01:10:52,811
...so they must perish."
And, "National Socialism will die...
1115
01:10:52,982 --> 01:10:54,506
...and nevermore rise again."
1116
01:10:54,683 --> 01:10:58,050
But he also named a government
to succeed him.
1117
01:10:58,354 --> 01:11:01,482
Even while I was writing I thought
I hadn't heard properly.
1118
01:11:01,657 --> 01:11:07,391
It was so incredible,
it made no sense at all.
1119
01:11:07,763 --> 01:11:10,323
I finished writing that text.
1120
01:11:10,499 --> 01:11:14,026
And then he made
his private testament.
1121
01:11:16,605 --> 01:11:22,407
If we were going to lose the war,
and the enemy was...
1122
01:11:22,578 --> 01:11:24,910
...going to treat us the way
he always predicted...
1123
01:11:25,147 --> 01:11:28,708
...then there would be no point
writing either of those documents.
1124
01:11:29,485 --> 01:11:32,648
But he dictated them,
he remembered his housekeeper.
1125
01:11:32,821 --> 01:11:34,789
He disposed of his pictures...
1126
01:11:34,957 --> 01:11:40,156
...he settled a few more details,
and then he said:
1127
01:11:40,462 --> 01:11:44,660
"Type up three copies as
quickly as possible, my child."
1128
01:11:44,833 --> 01:11:49,065
So I went into a room...
1129
01:11:50,406 --> 01:11:54,433
...which was a sort of office that
the telephone operator also used.
1130
01:11:54,610 --> 01:11:57,101
I brought my typewriter,
and I started...
1131
01:11:57,413 --> 01:11:59,404
...typing up my shorthand notes.
1132
01:11:59,581 --> 01:12:02,516
I made far fewer mistakes than usual.
I don't know why.
1133
01:12:02,685 --> 01:12:04,482
I was typing so mechanically.
1134
01:12:04,653 --> 01:12:07,520
Normally I very often made
typing mistakes...
1135
01:12:07,690 --> 01:12:11,888
...but this time I think there were
only two little mistakes.
1136
01:12:12,661 --> 01:12:15,562
You must remember there
was no Tippex in those days...
1137
01:12:15,731 --> 01:12:19,030
...and no correction key,
so you had to rub out any mistakes.
1138
01:12:19,702 --> 01:12:22,398
With copies you had to
put something in between...
1139
01:12:22,571 --> 01:12:23,902
...so it didn't go through.
1140
01:12:24,073 --> 01:12:25,802
I wrote it up...
1141
01:12:25,974 --> 01:12:29,671
...and I was able read it properly.
He kept on coming over.
1142
01:12:29,845 --> 01:12:34,976
By now everyone was sitting
in Hitler's little living room...
1143
01:12:35,150 --> 01:12:37,983
...and celebrating the wedding.
1144
01:12:38,153 --> 01:12:40,451
They toasted with champagne.
1145
01:12:40,823 --> 01:12:44,554
I wasn't there,
but it must have been macabre.
1146
01:12:44,727 --> 01:12:47,787
There was just Goebbels, Bormann...
1147
01:12:47,963 --> 01:12:49,897
...one of the adjutants who were left...
1148
01:12:50,065 --> 01:12:54,001
...Frau Christian...
1149
01:12:54,169 --> 01:12:56,865
...and of course Frau Goebbels.
1150
01:12:57,706 --> 01:13:01,142
Hitler kept coming over and asking,
"Have you finished yet?"
1151
01:13:01,310 --> 01:13:03,471
I was working as fast as I could.
1152
01:13:03,645 --> 01:13:05,442
Then Goebbels came in.
1153
01:13:09,585 --> 01:13:13,282
His face was almost covered
with tears...
1154
01:13:13,455 --> 01:13:16,583
...with a completely bleak,
defeated expression...
1155
01:13:16,759 --> 01:13:20,160
...and he said, "Frau Junge,
the F��hrer has ordered me...
1156
01:13:20,329 --> 01:13:21,318
...to leave Berlin.
1157
01:13:21,497 --> 01:13:23,795
But I can't do it,
I am the governor of Berlin...
1158
01:13:24,099 --> 01:13:26,795
...my place is in Berlin,
and at his side."
1159
01:13:27,236 --> 01:13:30,728
Then he dictated an appendix
to the testament...
1160
01:13:31,273 --> 01:13:35,300
...stressing that he was
in a horrible situation...
1161
01:13:35,477 --> 01:13:38,275
...because he could not obey
Hitler's last order...
1162
01:13:38,447 --> 01:13:43,384
...acknowledging that he would be
described as disloyal, but insisting...
1163
01:13:43,552 --> 01:13:45,110
...he couldn't act any other way.
1164
01:13:45,287 --> 01:13:48,381
He said his place was there,
and he would put an end to his life.
1165
01:13:48,557 --> 01:13:51,185
But first, I must tell you this.
1166
01:13:51,360 --> 01:13:56,423
First Goebbels told
the people of Berlin...
1167
01:13:56,598 --> 01:13:58,793
...that their F��hrer was in Berlin...
1168
01:13:59,101 --> 01:14:01,365
...and would take charge
of defending the city.
1169
01:14:01,537 --> 01:14:04,665
Because it was always the way,
wherever Hitler was...
1170
01:14:04,840 --> 01:14:08,173
...the defenses held,
and defeat was impossible.
1171
01:14:12,881 --> 01:14:15,714
That was one of the many big lies.
1172
01:14:16,752 --> 01:14:20,313
Well, I wrote all that,
and then it was taken away.
1173
01:14:20,489 --> 01:14:24,858
The three copies were to be sent
by three couriers:
1174
01:14:25,861 --> 01:14:29,194
One to D?nitz...
1175
01:14:29,364 --> 01:14:32,561
...one to Schrammer...
1176
01:14:32,801 --> 01:14:35,099
...and I don't remember
about the third.
1177
01:14:35,270 --> 01:14:39,570
Anyway, the three copies of
the testament were sent on their way.
1178
01:14:39,741 --> 01:14:44,872
Then Hitler said as soon as he
received confirmation one arrived...
1179
01:14:45,180 --> 01:14:47,808
...it would be time for him
to make his farewell.
1180
01:14:48,283 --> 01:14:51,252
So we were left waiting again.
1181
01:14:52,354 --> 01:14:56,586
I destroyed the carbons and
the shorthand notes, of course.
1182
01:14:59,461 --> 01:15:02,726
I don't remember how
we got through that time.
1183
01:15:02,898 --> 01:15:06,299
There wasn't that much left,
but it was still two days...
1184
01:15:06,468 --> 01:15:07,730
...and two nights.
1185
01:15:11,907 --> 01:15:13,670
It was a nightmare.
1186
01:15:15,644 --> 01:15:18,169
And the children
were still in the bunker...
1187
01:15:18,347 --> 01:15:21,475
...with Frau Goebbels wandering
around like a ghost...
1188
01:15:21,650 --> 01:15:23,311
...with the poison in her bag.
1189
01:15:23,485 --> 01:15:25,851
At least we only had our own
deaths to consider...
1190
01:15:26,154 --> 01:15:28,884
...but she went through that six times.
1191
01:15:29,291 --> 01:15:32,590
She couldn't talk to her children
anymore, either.
1192
01:15:33,362 --> 01:15:36,456
The children had been told,
"You will have to be vaccinated...
1193
01:15:36,632 --> 01:15:40,363
...because you're living so close
to Uncle Hitler...
1194
01:15:40,536 --> 01:15:43,699
...in the bunker, where there are
lots of people."
1195
01:15:47,543 --> 01:15:51,411
The oldest, Helga,
was 10 years old...
1196
01:15:51,914 --> 01:15:54,542
...and she had such sad eyes.
1197
01:15:55,417 --> 01:15:58,215
She was so quiet that I felt...
1198
01:15:58,387 --> 01:16:00,947
...she somehow sensed
what was going on.
1199
01:16:01,256 --> 01:16:02,848
That was awful.
1200
01:16:07,329 --> 01:16:10,787
I simply don't remember
how we spent the last days.
1201
01:16:10,966 --> 01:16:14,231
I can only remember one day,
the 30 of April...
1202
01:16:16,538 --> 01:16:19,871
...at about lunchtime,
the children looked so lost.
1203
01:16:20,042 --> 01:16:23,239
I said, "Didn't you have any lunch?"
"No, we're hungry."
1204
01:16:23,412 --> 01:16:27,576
So I took them to a place
on the stairs...
1205
01:16:27,883 --> 01:16:31,580
...between the central section of
the bunker and the F��hrer's quarters...
1206
01:16:31,887 --> 01:16:33,946
...where there was a sort of platform...
1207
01:16:34,122 --> 01:16:36,556
...with a round table and a bench.
1208
01:16:36,858 --> 01:16:39,383
I made some lunch for the children.
1209
01:16:39,561 --> 01:16:41,961
Bread and butter with marmalade,
I think.
1210
01:16:42,130 --> 01:16:44,360
They really enjoyed it...
1211
01:16:44,566 --> 01:16:48,195
...and they started counting
the direct hits...
1212
01:16:48,370 --> 01:16:50,895
...because they felt so safe
down in the bunker.
1213
01:16:51,073 --> 01:16:54,634
They knew there was no danger
under 11 meters of concrete.
1214
01:16:57,946 --> 01:17:00,642
I'm sure I remember
there was a bang...
1215
01:17:00,949 --> 01:17:03,281
...and Helmut said,
"That was a direct hit!"
1216
01:17:03,452 --> 01:17:06,615
And it seems to me that
was the shot when Hitler--
1217
01:17:06,922 --> 01:17:13,020
Oh, I forgot, of course,
Hitler said goodbye first.
1218
01:17:13,562 --> 01:17:15,757
That was on the 30.
1219
01:17:15,931 --> 01:17:18,365
Suddenly Linge appeared and said:
1220
01:17:18,533 --> 01:17:21,127
"Frau Junge and Frau Christian!"
1221
01:17:21,303 --> 01:17:25,933
We went to the big corridor
outside Hitler's room...
1222
01:17:26,308 --> 01:17:28,173
...and G��nsche said:
1223
01:17:28,343 --> 01:17:31,244
"Come here, the F��hrer
wants to say farewell."
1224
01:17:31,647 --> 01:17:34,514
I walked up to him
like a waxwork doll...
1225
01:17:34,683 --> 01:17:40,053
...and he was standing there
with a completely distant expression.
1226
01:17:41,523 --> 01:17:43,991
He had already departed
from this world.
1227
01:17:44,526 --> 01:17:47,324
He shook hands with me
and gazed ahead blankly...
1228
01:17:47,496 --> 01:17:50,488
...and then he said something
I couldn't make out.
1229
01:17:50,666 --> 01:17:53,726
So I never understood
the last words he spoke to me.
1230
01:17:54,336 --> 01:17:57,931
He turned round and shook hands
with Frau Christian...
1231
01:17:58,106 --> 01:17:59,505
...and Frau Manzialy.
1232
01:17:59,675 --> 01:18:02,405
Then Eva Braun
gave me a hug and said:
1233
01:18:03,111 --> 01:18:05,238
"Frau Junge, try to get back home...
1234
01:18:05,414 --> 01:18:07,348
...and say hello to Bavaria for me."
1235
01:18:08,116 --> 01:18:13,213
I should also tell you
about Eva Braun's maid, Liesl.
1236
01:18:13,388 --> 01:18:15,686
She said to Frau Goebbels
again and again:
1237
01:18:15,991 --> 01:18:20,621
"I'll take the children with me
and try to get through!"
1238
01:18:21,196 --> 01:18:24,529
But Frau Goebbels just said,
"No, that's impossible.
1239
01:18:31,606 --> 01:18:34,473
In a Germany,
without National Socialism...
1240
01:18:34,643 --> 01:18:36,668
...my children would have no chance.
1241
01:18:36,978 --> 01:18:39,742
I shall not expose them
to scorn and ridicule."
1242
01:18:40,048 --> 01:18:42,209
You see, we didn't know...
1243
01:18:42,384 --> 01:18:44,716
...we simply couldn't imagine...
1244
01:18:45,020 --> 01:18:48,421
...what life outside would be like.
1245
01:18:49,157 --> 01:18:51,557
We had been so isolated
all that time...
1246
01:18:51,727 --> 01:18:56,426
...so cut off from real life,
from the war and everything else...
1247
01:18:56,665 --> 01:18:59,395
...and we had absolutely no idea...
1248
01:18:59,568 --> 01:19:02,059
...what would happen
after National Socialism.
1249
01:19:02,237 --> 01:19:05,729
Apart from the terrible visions
Hitler had portrayed...
1250
01:19:06,041 --> 01:19:08,532
...although they weren't at all clear.
1251
01:19:09,644 --> 01:19:12,169
All the men would be castrated...
1252
01:19:12,347 --> 01:19:17,284
...Germany would be completely
razed to the ground...
1253
01:19:17,452 --> 01:19:21,718
...reduced to a primitive state
without any industry...
1254
01:19:22,023 --> 01:19:24,116
...and all the women would be raped.
1255
01:19:24,459 --> 01:19:27,360
They were visions from Bosch.
1256
01:19:28,163 --> 01:19:32,327
I was unable to imagine
how life could continue.
1257
01:19:35,737 --> 01:19:38,604
So Liesl set off
without the children...
1258
01:19:39,374 --> 01:19:41,535
...and Hitler said his farewell.
1259
01:19:42,077 --> 01:19:45,535
I was sitting on the stairs
with the children...
1260
01:19:45,714 --> 01:19:49,115
...there was a bang,
and Helmut said:
1261
01:19:49,284 --> 01:19:51,616
"That was a direct hit!"
And I was convinced...
1262
01:19:51,787 --> 01:19:54,085
...that was the final shot.
1263
01:19:54,489 --> 01:19:58,084
I stayed where I was,
and after a while...
1264
01:19:58,260 --> 01:20:00,751
...Otto G��nsche came up the stairs...
1265
01:20:01,062 --> 01:20:04,463
...from the F��hrer's bunker...
1266
01:20:04,633 --> 01:20:06,624
...as white as a sheet...
1267
01:20:07,602 --> 01:20:12,232
...and he said, "l have just obeyed
the F��hrer's last order.
1268
01:20:12,407 --> 01:20:14,068
I have burnt his body."
1269
01:20:20,415 --> 01:20:25,375
I didn't go down
to have a look for myself.
1270
01:20:27,389 --> 01:20:30,586
I went off somewhere
so I could be alone.
1271
01:20:32,661 --> 01:20:37,121
There's a gap in my memory
at this point.
1272
01:20:40,468 --> 01:20:42,527
Something was finally over.
1273
01:20:44,906 --> 01:20:48,706
It's a black hole in my mind.
1274
01:20:49,678 --> 01:20:52,476
And the first thing I remember...
1275
01:20:53,582 --> 01:20:56,676
...is coming back to find the others...
1276
01:20:56,852 --> 01:21:00,913
...and they were all sitting around
in the big corridor...
1277
01:21:01,289 --> 01:21:03,120
...drinking and smoking.
1278
01:21:04,326 --> 01:21:07,124
There was Bormann,
General Burgdorf...
1279
01:21:07,462 --> 01:21:09,453
...Goebbels was still there...
1280
01:21:10,765 --> 01:21:14,326
...the adjutants, Linge and G��nsche.
1281
01:21:16,304 --> 01:21:20,638
You know,
I felt such hatred for Hitler...
1282
01:21:20,876 --> 01:21:23,640
...because he had abandoned us...
1283
01:21:23,812 --> 01:21:26,246
...a very personal hatred...
1284
01:21:26,882 --> 01:21:29,442
...because he had simply gone off...
1285
01:21:29,618 --> 01:21:32,587
...and left us stuck in that trap.
1286
01:21:32,754 --> 01:21:35,382
Suddenly the other people
hanging around...
1287
01:21:35,557 --> 01:21:40,392
...were like lifeless puppets when
the person pulling the strings lets go.
1288
01:21:40,595 --> 01:21:42,620
None of us had lives of our own.
1289
01:21:44,199 --> 01:21:48,363
We all had poison in our pockets,
but that was all.
1290
01:21:48,970 --> 01:21:53,907
I really had no idea
what my next step should be.
1291
01:21:57,946 --> 01:21:59,846
Now I must have a break.
1292
01:22:07,022 --> 01:22:11,118
After Hitler's death, Frau Junge
managed to escape from his bunker.
1293
01:22:11,293 --> 01:22:15,059
But her attempt to reach her mother
in southern Germany failed.
1294
01:22:15,230 --> 01:22:17,824
On June 9, 1945,
she was arrested by the Russians...
1295
01:22:17,999 --> 01:22:20,331
...and remained their prisoner
until December 1945.
1296
01:22:22,470 --> 01:22:25,667
Under house arrest, she was allowed
to work in the Charit�� Hospital.
1297
01:22:25,840 --> 01:22:28,434
With the help of an Armenian
who had served as interpreter...
1298
01:22:28,610 --> 01:22:30,669
...during her interrogation
by Russian officers...
1299
01:22:30,845 --> 01:22:33,609
...she managed to escape
to the Western Sector.
1300
01:22:33,782 --> 01:22:37,411
In May 1946 she reached
her home in Bavaria.
1301
01:22:38,620 --> 01:22:40,850
There she was imprisoned
by the Americans...
1302
01:22:41,022 --> 01:22:43,786
...for three weeks
in the Starnberg Castle prison.
1303
01:22:43,959 --> 01:22:47,326
After her release there was
no real interest in her story.
1304
01:22:47,495 --> 01:22:51,761
In 1947 Traudl Junge, who had never
been a member of the Nazi Party...
1305
01:22:51,933 --> 01:22:54,925
...was "de-nazified"
without any charges against her.
1306
01:22:55,103 --> 01:22:59,904
As a so-called "juvenile fellow traveler,"
she was granted juvenile amnesty.
1307
01:23:01,209 --> 01:23:03,302
In the early days after the war...
1308
01:23:03,478 --> 01:23:07,346
...the past wasn't an issue,
strangely enough.
1309
01:23:07,716 --> 01:23:10,583
It wasn't a subject to be discussed
in public either.
1310
01:23:10,752 --> 01:23:12,845
And there weren't any books about it.
1311
01:23:13,154 --> 01:23:16,123
In politics there wasn't yet
the process...
1312
01:23:16,291 --> 01:23:18,156
...of coming to terms with the past.
1313
01:23:18,326 --> 01:23:23,161
Not even the Nuremberg Trials
started that process...
1314
01:23:23,331 --> 01:23:25,697
...the way it happened later,
in the '60s.
1315
01:23:25,867 --> 01:23:28,461
I don't know exactly why, but...
1316
01:23:28,770 --> 01:23:32,262
...suddenly there were
so many books.
1317
01:23:32,440 --> 01:23:35,307
And lots of voices were raised.
1318
01:23:35,477 --> 01:23:37,240
We heard about the SS state...
1319
01:23:37,412 --> 01:23:39,778
...and then the diary
of Anne Frank...
1320
01:23:39,948 --> 01:23:43,213
...and there were people
who had survived the whole thing.
1321
01:23:43,918 --> 01:23:45,943
People who had resisted
also spoke out.
1322
01:23:46,521 --> 01:23:49,888
The thing that made
a very strong impression on me...
1323
01:23:50,191 --> 01:23:54,457
...was that after the war...
1324
01:23:54,763 --> 01:23:59,166
...the world wasn't at all the way Hitler
had portrayed it...
1325
01:23:59,334 --> 01:24:00,926
...and predicted it would be.
1326
01:24:01,236 --> 01:24:03,932
Suddenly there was
a spirit of freedom...
1327
01:24:04,239 --> 01:24:06,298
...and especially the Americans--
1328
01:24:07,375 --> 01:24:09,935
I didn't get home until a year
after the occupation.
1329
01:24:10,111 --> 01:24:11,578
But especially the Americans...
1330
01:24:11,746 --> 01:24:14,943
...turned out to be
very good democrats...
1331
01:24:15,250 --> 01:24:17,184
...and very helpful people.
1332
01:24:17,352 --> 01:24:20,287
The care parcels started coming.
I suddenly realized...
1333
01:24:20,455 --> 01:24:22,389
...that none of it was true.
1334
01:24:22,824 --> 01:24:25,759
So in the early years
it didn't really occur to me...
1335
01:24:26,428 --> 01:24:29,488
...to come to terms with my past.
1336
01:24:29,664 --> 01:24:35,261
Naturally all the horrors that emerged
in the Nuremberg Trials...
1337
01:24:35,437 --> 01:24:37,302
...about the six million Jews...
1338
01:24:37,472 --> 01:24:41,499
...and people of other faiths
and beliefs...
1339
01:24:41,676 --> 01:24:47,740
...who lost their lives--
All that struck me as very shocking.
1340
01:24:48,550 --> 01:24:51,451
But I wasn't able at first
to see the connection...
1341
01:24:51,619 --> 01:24:53,416
...with my own past.
1342
01:24:53,588 --> 01:24:56,352
I still felt somehow content...
1343
01:24:56,524 --> 01:25:01,393
...that I had no personal guilt
and had known nothing about it.
1344
01:25:01,596 --> 01:25:04,190
I had no idea of the extent
of what happened.
1345
01:25:04,365 --> 01:25:06,230
But then one day...
1346
01:25:06,701 --> 01:25:10,262
...I was walking past the memorial
in Franz Josef Street...
1347
01:25:10,839 --> 01:25:14,775
...to Sophie Scholl,
a young girl who opposed Hitler...
1348
01:25:14,943 --> 01:25:18,401
...and I realized that she
was the same age as me...
1349
01:25:18,580 --> 01:25:23,608
...and that she was executed the
same year I started working for Hitler.
1350
01:25:24,452 --> 01:25:26,249
At that moment...
1351
01:25:27,222 --> 01:25:29,383
...I really sensed...
1352
01:25:29,557 --> 01:25:32,048
...that it is no excuse to be young...
1353
01:25:32,227 --> 01:25:38,427
...and that it might have been possible
to find out what was going on.
1354
01:25:45,807 --> 01:25:48,901
After the war Traudl Junge worked as
a secretary at the magazine Quick...
1355
01:25:49,077 --> 01:25:52,103
...as a consultant to director G. W.
Papst on his film Der letzte Akt...
1356
01:25:52,280 --> 01:25:55,408
...about Hitler's final days,
on the staff of a literature magazine...
1357
01:25:55,583 --> 01:25:56,948
...and as a science journalist.
1358
01:25:57,986 --> 01:26:00,352
Due to severe depression
she went into early retirement.
1359
01:26:00,522 --> 01:26:03,787
From then on she spent a large part of
her free time reading to blind people.
1360
01:26:03,958 --> 01:26:06,483
On the day this film premiered
at the Berlin Film Festival...
1361
01:26:06,661 --> 01:26:07,650
...on February 10, 2002...
1362
01:26:07,829 --> 01:26:09,888
...Traudl Junge died of cancer
in a Munich hospital.
1363
01:26:10,064 --> 01:26:12,259
Shortly before her death,
in a telephone conversation...
1364
01:26:12,433 --> 01:26:14,697
...with Andr�� Heller
and Othmar Schmiderer, she said:
1365
01:26:14,869 --> 01:26:16,632
"l think I'm starting to forgive myself."
117313
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