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En lille hvide hus ...
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Klingende i min hukommelse ...
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Af dette lille hvide hus ...
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Jeg drømmer hver nat ...
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00:05:20,780 --> 00:05:23,741
Vinduerne i det lille hus ...
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Smukt skinne i solen ...
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Som om en eller andens øjne ...
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Påfyldning med tårer ...
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Der var så meget lykke i det lille hus ...
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Og så mange glade dage ...
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Når jeg husker de lyksalige øjeblikke ...
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Mit hjerte skælver ...
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En lille hvide hus ...
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Klingende i min hukommelse ...
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Af dette lille hvide hus ...
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Jeg drømmer hver nat ...
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Han var 13 1/2 år.
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Han havde en dejlig sangstemme og vi hørte ham.
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En lille hvide hus ...
20
00:06:17,253 --> 00:06:19,797
Klingende i min hukommelse ...
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00:06:20,048 --> 00:06:22,383
Af dette lille hvide hus ...
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00:06:22,633 --> 00:06:25,386
Jeg drømmer hver nat ...
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00:06:25,636 --> 00:06:28,473
Vinduerne i det lille hus ...
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00:06:28,681 --> 00:06:31,517
Smukt skinne i solen ...
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00:06:31,768 --> 00:06:34,896
Som om en eller andens øjne ...
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00:06:34,979 --> 00:06:38,608
Påfyldning med tårer ...
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Da jeg hørte ham igen, mit hjerte slå hurtigere,
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00:06:53,748 --> 00:06:57,210
fordi hvad der skete her ... var et mord.
29
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Jeg virkelig genoplevet hvad der skete.
30
00:08:03,401 --> 00:08:08,573
Det er svært at genkende, men det var her.
31
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De brændte folk her.
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En masse mennesker blev brændt her.
33
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Ja, er dette stedet.
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Ingen har nogensinde forladt her igen.
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Gassen varevogne kom her ...
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00:09:21,312 --> 00:09:23,940
Der var to store ovne,
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og bagefter blev de organer kastet
38
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i disse ovne,
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og flammerne nåede til himlen.
40
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Til himlen?
41
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Det var forfærdeligt.
42
00:09:57,723 --> 00:09:59,850
Ingen kan beskrive det.
43
00:09:59,934 --> 00:10:02,270
Ingen kan...
44
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genskabe, hvad der skete her.
45
00:10:09,694 --> 00:10:12,446
Umulig! Og ingen kan forstå det.
46
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Selv jeg, her, nu.
47
00:10:23,874 --> 00:10:26,294
Jeg kan ikke tro, jeg er her.
48
00:10:29,130 --> 00:10:31,924
Nej, jeg kan bare ikke tro det.
49
00:10:44,145 --> 00:10:46,939
Det var altid dette fredelige her.
50
00:10:48,107 --> 00:10:54,113
Da de brændte 2.000 mennesker ... Jøder ... hver dag,
51
00:10:54,363 --> 00:10:56,449
det var lige så fredelig.
52
00:10:58,743 --> 00:11:02,538
Ingen råbte. Alle gik om hans arbejde.
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Det var tavs. Fredelig.
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Ligesom det er nu.
55
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Du, pige, ikke græde.
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Må ikke være så trist.
57
00:11:43,621 --> 00:11:46,749
For den kære sommer nærmer sig ...
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og jeg vil vende tilbage med det.
59
00:11:49,377 --> 00:11:52,630
Et krus rødvin, en skive stegt,
60
00:11:52,713 --> 00:11:55,966
det er, hvad pigerne giver deres soldater.
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00:12:03,307 --> 00:12:06,394
Da soldaterne marchere sammen,
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pigerne åbne deres døre og vinduer.
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00:12:22,243 --> 00:12:26,330
De troede tyskerne gjorde ham synge på floden.
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Han var et stykke legetøj til at underholde dem.
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Han måtte gøre det.
66
00:12:36,841 --> 00:12:39,301
Han sang, men hans hjerte græd.
67
00:12:44,056 --> 00:12:47,435
Gør deres hjerter græde tanker om det nu?
68
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Bestemt, meget så.
69
00:12:57,194 --> 00:13:00,448
De taler stadig om det omkring familiens bord.
70
00:13:03,409 --> 00:13:06,162
Det var offentlig, så alle vidste af det.
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00:13:11,876 --> 00:13:15,212
Han sagde, det var sandt tysk ironi,
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mennesker blev dræbt, og han var nødt til at synge.
73
00:13:22,428 --> 00:13:24,555
Det var hvad jeg tænkte.
74
00:13:27,558 --> 00:13:30,311
Hvad døde i ham i Chelmno?
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Alt døde.
76
00:13:41,238 --> 00:13:44,241
Men han er kun et menneske, og han ønsker at leve.
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Så må han glemme.
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00:13:47,995 --> 00:13:51,707
__ Den anden overlevende: MICHAEL PODCHLEBNIK - ISRAEL
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Han takker Gud for hvad der er tilbage, og at han kan glemme.
80
00:14:12,603 --> 00:14:14,647
Og lad os ikke tale om det.
81
00:14:17,858 --> 00:14:20,402
Mener han det er godt at tale om det?
82
00:14:27,535 --> 00:14:29,787
For mig er det ikke godt.
83
00:14:34,458 --> 00:14:36,961
Så hvorfor er han taler om det?
84
00:14:53,143 --> 00:14:56,272
Fordi du insistere på det.
85
00:14:56,480 --> 00:15:01,318
Han blev sendt bøger om Eichmann retssagen, hvor han var vidne,
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og han ikke selv læst dem.
87
00:15:09,493 --> 00:15:12,538
Han overlevede, men er han virkelig i live, eller ...?
88
00:15:37,646 --> 00:15:40,816
På det tidspunkt, følte han, som om han var død,
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fordi han aldrig troede, han ville overleve,
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men ... han er i live.
91
00:15:51,785 --> 00:15:54,330
Hvorfor han smiler hele tiden?
92
00:16:03,922 --> 00:16:05,924
Hvad vil du have ham til at gøre ... græde?
93
00:16:06,258 --> 00:16:08,260
Nogle gange du smiler, man nogle gange græder.
94
00:16:10,220 --> 00:16:12,848
Og hvis du er i live, er det bedre at smile.
95
00:16:17,394 --> 00:16:21,857
Hvorfor var hun så nysgerrig omkring denne historie?
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00:16:22,232 --> 00:16:25,569
HAN NA ZATDL - ISRAEL -
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Datter af Motke Za'l'dl, overlevende af Vilna (Litauen)
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00:17:08,946 --> 00:17:10,614
Det er en lang historie.
99
00:17:10,698 --> 00:17:15,285
Som barn havde jeg lidt kontakt med min far.
100
00:17:15,369 --> 00:17:18,956
Han gik ud for at arbejde, og jeg kunne ikke se meget af ham.
101
00:17:19,039 --> 00:17:22,668
Desuden var han en tavs mand, han didn 7 tale med mig.
102
00:17:22,751 --> 00:17:27,214
Og da jeg voksede op og var stærk nok til at stå over for ham,
103
00:17:27,297 --> 00:17:30,926
Jeg spurgte ham. Jeg har aldrig holdt op med at sætte spørgsmålstegn ham
104
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indtil jeg kom på stumper af sandhed, han ikke kunne fortælle mig.
105
00:17:35,305 --> 00:17:38,767
Det kom ud tøvende.
106
00:17:39,143 --> 00:17:41,228
Jeg var nødt til at rive detaljerne ud af ham,
107
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og endelig, da Mr. Lanzmann kom,
108
00:17:47,192 --> 00:17:51,905
Jeg hørte hele historien for anden gang.
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00:17:51,989 --> 00:17:53,574
M OTKE ZATD L
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BEN Shemen FOREST (ISRAEL)
111
00:18:20,517 --> 00:18:24,772
Stedet ligner Ponary: skoven, grøfter.
112
00:18:24,855 --> 00:18:27,858
Det er som om de organer blev brændt her.
113
00:18:28,066 --> 00:18:30,986
Bortset fra at der ikke var nogen sten i Ponary.
114
00:18:32,112 --> 00:18:35,908
Ponary: forest where most of the Vilna Jews were massacred
115
00:18:36,158 --> 00:18:37,993
But the Lithuanian forests
116
00:18:38,076 --> 00:18:41,330
are denser than the Israeli forest, no?
117
00:18:46,710 --> 00:18:48,212
Of course.
118
00:18:54,051 --> 00:18:58,180
The trees are similar, but taller and fuller in Lithuania.
119
00:18:59,223 --> 00:19:03,393
FOREST OF THE EXTERMINATION CAMP AT SOBIBOR (POLAND)
120
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ls there still hunting here in Sobibor forest?
121
00:19:20,911 --> 00:19:24,998
Yes, there are lots of animals of all kinds.
122
00:19:28,001 --> 00:19:29,503
Was there hunting then?
123
00:19:34,800 --> 00:19:38,637
Only man hunting.
124
00:19:40,264 --> 00:19:41,974
JAN PIWONSKI
125
00:19:59,408 --> 00:20:01,660
Some victims tried to escape.
126
00:20:07,708 --> 00:20:10,460
But they didn't know the area.
127
00:20:15,132 --> 00:20:19,928
At times people heard explosions in the minefield.
128
00:20:20,012 --> 00:20:22,764
Sometimes they'd find a deer
129
00:20:22,848 --> 00:20:26,351
and sometimes a poor Jew who tried to escape.
130
00:20:50,042 --> 00:20:53,754
That's the charm of our forests: silence and beauty.
131
00:21:08,268 --> 00:21:11,563
But it wasn't always so silent here.
132
00:21:21,782 --> 00:21:26,203
There was a time when it was full of screams
133
00:21:26,286 --> 00:21:27,788
and gunshots,
134
00:21:30,248 --> 00:21:31,750
of dogs' barking.
135
00:21:43,762 --> 00:21:46,682
And that period especially
136
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is engraved on the minds of the people
137
00:21:49,559 --> 00:21:52,062
who lived here then.
138
00:22:03,907 --> 00:22:09,037
After the revolt, the Germans decided to liquidate the camp,
139
00:22:09,121 --> 00:22:11,498
and early in the winter of 1943,
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00:22:11,581 --> 00:22:15,544
they planted pines that were three or four years old
141
00:22:15,627 --> 00:22:17,796
to camouflage all the traces.
142
00:22:17,879 --> 00:22:19,381
That screen of trees?
143
00:22:20,007 --> 00:22:20,674
Yes.
144
00:22:20,757 --> 00:22:22,926
That's where the mass graves were?
145
00:22:41,028 --> 00:22:44,239
When he first came here in 1944,
146
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du kunne ikke gætte, hvad der var sket her,
147
00:22:48,285 --> 00:22:53,123
at disse træer skjulte hemmeligheden bag en dødslejr.
148
00:22:57,169 --> 00:23:00,922
Hvordan reagerede han, den første gang han losset lig,
149
00:23:01,006 --> 00:23:03,842
når gas van dørene blev åbnet?
150
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Hvad kunne han gøre? Han græd.
151
00:23:28,825 --> 00:23:31,953
Den 3. dag, så han sin kone og børn.
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Han lagde sin kone i graven og bad om at blive dræbt.
153
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Tyskerne sagde, at han var stærk nok til at arbejde,
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at han ikke ville blive dræbt endnu.
155
00:24:19,709 --> 00:24:21,795
Var vejret meget koldt?
156
00:24:30,929 --> 00:24:36,059
Det var i vinteren 1942, i begyndelsen af januar.
157
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På det tidspunkt blev ligene ikke brændt, bare begravet?
158
00:25:10,635 --> 00:25:14,890
Nej, de blev begravet, og hver række blev dækket med snavs.
159
00:25:14,973 --> 00:25:17,017
De var ikke at blive brændt endnu.
160
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Der var omkring fire eller fem lag.
161
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Grøfterne var tragtformet.
162
00:25:31,156 --> 00:25:34,409
De dumpede ligene i disse grøfter,
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og de måtte lægge dem ud som sild, hoved til fod.
164
00:25:49,090 --> 00:25:54,137
Så det var dem, der graves op og brændte alle jøderne i Vilna?
165
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Ja.
166
00:26:01,269 --> 00:26:04,898
I begyndelsen af januar 1944 begyndte vi at grave op ligene.
167
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Når den sidste massegrav blev åbnet,
168
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Jeg genkendte hele min familie.
169
00:26:25,627 --> 00:26:28,672
Hvem i hans familie gjorde han genkende?
170
00:26:40,183 --> 00:26:43,395
Mor og mine søstre. 3 søstre med deres børn.
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De var alle i der.
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00:26:46,231 --> 00:26:48,566
Hvordan kunne han genkende dem?
173
00:26:50,860 --> 00:26:53,405
Itzhak DUGIN: Survivor of Vilna
174
00:27:15,677 --> 00:27:18,513
De havde været i jorden 4 måneder,
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og det var vinter.
176
00:27:21,057 --> 00:27:22,892
De var meget velbevaret.
177
00:27:22,976 --> 00:27:26,771
Jeg genkendte deres ansigter, deres tøj også.
178
00:27:27,939 --> 00:27:31,067
De var blevet dræbt relativt nylig?
179
00:27:41,119 --> 00:27:43,204
Og det var den sidste grav?
180
00:27:50,211 --> 00:27:54,090
Den nazistiske Planen var for dem at åbne gravene
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00:27:54,174 --> 00:27:55,884
begyndende med den ældste?
182
00:28:41,137 --> 00:28:44,140
De sidste grave var den nyeste,
183
00:28:44,224 --> 00:28:48,937
og vi startede med den ældste, de af den første ghetto.
184
00:28:49,020 --> 00:28:51,981
I den første grav, der var 24.000 organer.
185
00:29:04,411 --> 00:29:08,540
Jo dybere du gravede, fl atter ligene var.
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00:29:08,623 --> 00:29:11,292
Hver var næsten en fl plade.
187
00:29:15,588 --> 00:29:19,342
Når du har forsøgt at gribe en krop, det smuldrede,
188
00:29:19,426 --> 00:29:21,678
det var umuligt at samle dem op.
189
00:29:29,978 --> 00:29:34,399
Vi var nødt til at åbne grave, men uden brug af værktøj.
190
00:29:34,482 --> 00:29:38,236
De sagde: ”Væn dig til at arbejde med dine hænder.”
191
00:29:38,319 --> 00:29:40,905
Med blot deres hænder?
192
00:30:04,679 --> 00:30:06,931
Når vi først åbnede gravene,
193
00:30:07,015 --> 00:30:10,477
Vi kunne ikke gøre for det, vi alle brød ud hulkende.
194
00:30:10,560 --> 00:30:15,315
Men tyskerne næsten slå os ihjel.
195
00:30:15,398 --> 00:30:19,194
Vi var nødt til at arbejde på et dræbende tempo i to dage,
196
00:30:19,277 --> 00:30:22,030
slået hele tiden, og uden brug af værktøj.
197
00:30:23,740 --> 00:30:25,950
De har alle brast ud hulkende?
198
00:30:48,598 --> 00:30:51,059
Tyskerne forbød endog os
199
00:30:51,142 --> 00:30:54,687
at bruge ordene ”liget ” eller ”offer. ”
200
00:30:54,771 --> 00:30:58,483
De døde var blokke af træ, lort,
201
00:30:58,566 --> 00:31:01,611
med absolut ingen betydning ...
202
00:31:08,660 --> 00:31:12,288
Enhver, der sagde ”lig” eller ”offer” blev slået.
203
00:31:18,545 --> 00:31:23,633
Tyskerne gjorde os henvise til de organer, som ”F (Guren, ”
204
00:31:23,716 --> 00:31:26,553
der er, som dukker, som dukker,
205
00:31:27,804 --> 00:31:29,931
eller som ”Schmattes,” som betyder ”klude.”
206
00:31:32,684 --> 00:31:34,727
Fik de at vide i starten
207
00:31:34,811 --> 00:31:38,439
hvor mange ”Figuren” der var i alle gravene?
208
00:31:53,538 --> 00:31:56,499
Lederen af Vilna Gestapo fortalte os,
209
00:31:56,583 --> 00:32:00,211
”Der er 90.000 mennesker liggende der,
210
00:32:00,295 --> 00:32:03,339
og absolut ingen spor skal efterlades af dem.”
211
00:32:10,388 --> 00:32:14,267
Det var i slutningen af november 1942.
212
00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:21,065
They chased us away from our work
213
00:32:22,567 --> 00:32:25,361
and back to our barracks.
214
00:32:25,445 --> 00:32:27,363
Suddenly,
215
00:32:28,906 --> 00:32:36,331
from the part of the camp called
216
00:32:37,457 --> 00:32:42,086
the death camp,
217
00:32:44,213 --> 00:32:46,382
flames shot up very high.
218
00:32:50,428 --> 00:32:54,307
In a flash, the whole countryside,
219
00:32:54,390 --> 00:32:58,227
the whole camp seemed ablaze.
220
00:33:00,938 --> 00:33:02,857
It was already dark.
221
00:33:07,779 --> 00:33:10,114
We went into our barracks
222
00:33:11,866 --> 00:33:13,951
and ate...
223
00:33:14,452 --> 00:33:19,332
And from the window,
224
00:33:19,582 --> 00:33:25,421
we kept on watching the fantastic backdrop of flames
225
00:33:25,505 --> 00:33:28,007
of every imaginable color,
226
00:33:29,258 --> 00:33:32,887
red, yellow, green, purple.
227
00:33:33,096 --> 00:33:41,312
And suddenly one of us stood up.
228
00:33:42,105 --> 00:33:48,319
We knew he'd been an opera singer in Warsaw.
229
00:33:50,279 --> 00:33:54,659
His name was Salve, and...
230
00:33:59,163 --> 00:34:03,126
facing that curtain of fire,
231
00:34:03,209 --> 00:34:07,463
he began chanting a song
232
00:34:07,547 --> 00:34:11,050
I didn't know:
233
00:34:11,926 --> 00:34:13,720
“My God, my God,
234
00:34:15,471 --> 00:34:17,974
why hast Thou forsaken us?”
235
00:34:18,391 --> 00:34:22,478
RICHARD GLAZAR - BASEL (SWITZERLAND)
236
00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:29,068
“We have been thrust into the fire before,
237
00:34:29,485 --> 00:34:34,991
but we he ve ne ver denied Thy Holy L a w. ”
238
00:34:36,743 --> 00:34:40,371
He sang in Yiddish,
239
00:34:40,455 --> 00:34:42,832
while, behind him,
240
00:34:42,915 --> 00:34:47,962
blazed the pyres
241
00:34:48,671 --> 00:34:55,052
on which they had begun then, in November 1942,
242
00:34:55,136 --> 00:34:58,264
to burn the bodies in Treblinka.
243
00:34:59,974 --> 00:35:04,979
That was the first time it happened.
244
00:35:06,522 --> 00:35:08,483
We knew that night
245
00:35:08,566 --> 00:35:12,779
that the dead would no longer be buried,
246
00:35:14,280 --> 00:35:16,282
they'd be burned.
247
00:35:16,783 --> 00:35:19,452
TREBLINKA
248
00:35:45,853 --> 00:35:50,566
When things were ready, they poured on fuel
249
00:35:50,650 --> 00:35:52,568
and touched off the fire.
250
00:35:52,819 --> 00:35:55,196
They waited for a high wind.
251
00:35:55,279 --> 00:35:59,200
The pyres usually burned for 7 or 8 days.
252
00:36:06,666 --> 00:36:10,878
There was a concrete platform some distance away,
253
00:36:12,088 --> 00:36:15,132
and the bones that hadn't burned,
254
00:36:15,216 --> 00:36:17,885
the big bones of the feet, for example,
255
00:36:17,969 --> 00:36:20,388
we took...
256
00:36:21,556 --> 00:36:25,101
There was a chest with two handles.
257
00:36:25,184 --> 00:36:28,187
We carried the bones there,
258
00:36:28,271 --> 00:36:34,485
where others had to crush them.
259
00:36:34,569 --> 00:36:37,321
It was very fine,
260
00:36:38,573 --> 00:36:41,409
that powdered bone.
261
00:36:41,492 --> 00:36:44,745
Then it was put into sacks,
262
00:36:45,580 --> 00:36:49,792
and when there were enough sacks,
263
00:36:49,876 --> 00:36:54,672
we went to a bridge on the Narew river
264
00:36:54,964 --> 00:36:57,508
and dumped the powder.
265
00:36:57,592 --> 00:36:59,385
The current carried it off.
266
00:37:01,804 --> 00:37:04,265
It drifted downstream.
267
00:38:38,442 --> 00:38:42,530
PAULA BIREN - CINCINNATI U.S.A. survivor of Auschwitz
268
00:38:49,620 --> 00:38:53,416
THE JEWISH CEMETERY IN LODZ TODAY
269
00:39:25,948 --> 00:39:28,284
AUSCHWITZ: THE TOWN
270
00:39:29,160 --> 00:39:32,830
Fru Pietryra, du bor i Auschwitz?
271
00:39:36,584 --> 00:39:38,169
Ja, jeg blev født her.
272
00:39:38,252 --> 00:39:40,504
Og du har aldrig forladt Auschwitz?
273
00:39:42,631 --> 00:39:44,258
Nej aldrig.
274
00:39:44,341 --> 00:39:47,303
Var der jøder i Auschwitz før krigen?
275
00:39:52,975 --> 00:39:55,561
De gjorde op 80% af befolkningen.
276
00:39:59,815 --> 00:40:01,984
De havde endda en synagoge her.
277
00:40:02,068 --> 00:40:03,069
Bare en?
278
00:40:05,988 --> 00:40:06,947
Bare én, tror jeg.
279
00:40:07,031 --> 00:40:08,532
Er det stadig eksisterer?
280
00:40:13,120 --> 00:40:15,081
Nej, det blev ødelagt.
281
00:40:15,164 --> 00:40:17,625
Der er noget andet der nu.
282
00:40:17,708 --> 00:40:20,127
Var der en jødisk kirkegård i Auschwitz?
283
00:40:26,550 --> 00:40:30,429
Den eksisterer stadig. det er lukket nu.
284
00:40:30,513 --> 00:40:32,807
- Det findes stadig? - Ja.
285
00:40:37,520 --> 00:40:39,313
Lukket? Hvad betyder det?
286
00:40:42,483 --> 00:40:44,985
De behøver ikke begrave der nu.
287
00:41:05,172 --> 00:41:07,383
Var der en synagoge i Wlodawa?
288
00:41:10,845 --> 00:41:13,347
Ja, og det er meget smukt.
289
00:41:18,185 --> 00:41:21,147
Da Polen blev regeret af czars,
290
00:41:21,230 --> 00:41:23,816
at synagoge allerede eksisterede.
291
00:41:26,485 --> 00:41:30,156
Det er endnu ældre end den katolske kirke.
292
00:42:00,853 --> 00:42:02,438
Det er ikke længere anvendes.
293
00:42:04,607 --> 00:42:06,567
Der er ingen til at gå til den.
294
00:42:13,949 --> 00:42:17,536
Disse bygninger har ikke ændret sig?
295
00:42:22,791 --> 00:42:26,337
Slet ikke. Der var tønder sild her,
296
00:42:26,420 --> 00:42:28,130
og jøderne solgte fisk.
297
00:42:30,007 --> 00:42:32,885
Der var boder, små butikker,
298
00:42:32,968 --> 00:42:35,930
Jewish business, as the gentleman says.
299
00:42:39,975 --> 00:42:41,644
That's Barenholz's house.
300
00:42:43,312 --> 00:42:45,147
He sold wood.
301
00:42:50,819 --> 00:42:53,864
Lipschitz's store was there. He sold cloth.
302
00:42:54,907 --> 00:42:56,784
This was Lichtenstein's.
303
00:42:56,867 --> 00:42:58,869
What was there, opposite?
304
00:43:01,622 --> 00:43:03,749
A food store.
305
00:43:03,832 --> 00:43:05,668
A Jewish store?
306
00:43:09,797 --> 00:43:12,091
There was a notions shop here,
307
00:43:12,174 --> 00:43:15,844
it sold thread, needles, odds and ends,
308
00:43:19,181 --> 00:43:21,684
and there were also three barbers.
309
00:43:22,851 --> 00:43:25,271
PAN FILIPOWICZ
310
00:43:26,188 --> 00:43:29,608
- Was that fine house Jewish? - It's Jewish.
311
00:43:29,692 --> 00:43:32,695
- And this small one? - Also.
312
00:43:32,778 --> 00:43:34,280
And the one behind it?
313
00:43:35,489 --> 00:43:36,949
These were all Jewish.
314
00:43:37,032 --> 00:43:38,784
This one on the left, too?
315
00:43:41,036 --> 00:43:42,037
That one too.
316
00:43:44,081 --> 00:43:46,041
Who lived in it? Borenstein?
317
00:43:48,419 --> 00:43:51,630
He was in the cement business.
318
00:43:51,714 --> 00:43:54,258
He was very handsome, and cultivated.
319
00:43:58,178 --> 00:44:01,390
Here there was a blacksmith named Tepper.
320
00:44:01,890 --> 00:44:03,559
It was a Jewish house.
321
00:44:04,685 --> 00:44:06,562
A shoemaker lived here.
322
00:44:06,645 --> 00:44:08,731
What was his name?
323
00:44:10,065 --> 00:44:12,151
- Yankel? - Yes.
324
00:44:12,568 --> 00:44:16,071
You get the feeling Wlodawa was a Jewish city.
325
00:44:20,617 --> 00:44:22,202
Yes, because it's true.
326
00:44:23,078 --> 00:44:27,082
The Poles lived farther out, the center was wholly Jewish.
327
00:44:28,959 --> 00:44:31,337
What happened to the Jews of Auschwitz?
328
00:44:37,551 --> 00:44:40,679
They were expelled and resettled,
329
00:44:40,763 --> 00:44:42,848
but I don't know where.
330
00:44:42,931 --> 00:44:44,767
What year was that?
331
00:44:48,312 --> 00:44:53,525
It began in 1940, which was when I moved here.
332
00:44:53,609 --> 00:44:56,070
This apartment also belonged to Jews.
333
00:44:56,904 --> 00:45:00,532
According to our information,
334
00:45:00,616 --> 00:45:05,037
the Auschwitz Jews were “resettled,” as they say,
335
00:45:05,120 --> 00:45:09,541
nearby, in Benzin and Sosnowiec, in Upper Silesia.
336
00:45:12,002 --> 00:45:14,671
Yes, because those were Jewish towns.
337
00:45:14,755 --> 00:45:19,551
Does she know what happened to the Jews of Auschwitz?
338
00:45:25,099 --> 00:45:28,102
I think they all ended up in the camp.
339
00:45:28,185 --> 00:45:30,229
That is, they returned to Auschwitz?
340
00:45:35,442 --> 00:45:39,488
AUSCHWITZ - BIRKENAU
341
00:45:52,376 --> 00:45:57,714
All kinds of people from everywhere were sent here.
342
00:45:58,882 --> 00:46:01,677
All the Jews came here... to die.
343
00:46:10,060 --> 00:46:14,731
What did they think when Wlodawa's Jews were all deported to Sobibor?
344
00:46:15,524 --> 00:46:19,611
Wlodawa - Sobibor: 10 miles
345
00:46:28,537 --> 00:46:30,789
What could we think?
346
00:46:30,873 --> 00:46:36,753
That it was the end of them, but they had foreseen that.
347
00:46:36,837 --> 00:46:38,380
How so?
348
00:46:54,855 --> 00:46:58,025
Even before the war, when you talked to the Jews,
349
00:46:58,108 --> 00:46:59,943
they foresaw their doom.
350
00:47:00,027 --> 00:47:01,487
He doesn't know how.
351
00:47:01,570 --> 00:47:04,406
Even before the war, they had a premonition.
352
00:47:14,708 --> 00:47:17,252
How were they taken to Sobibor? On foot?
353
00:47:23,800 --> 00:47:26,637
It was frightful. He watched it himself.
354
00:47:30,432 --> 00:47:34,770
They were herded on foot to a station called Orkrobek.
355
00:47:43,737 --> 00:47:49,785
There, they put the old people first into waiting cattle cars,
356
00:47:52,955 --> 00:47:55,040
then the younger Jews,
357
00:47:58,794 --> 00:48:01,046
and finally the kids.
358
00:48:01,129 --> 00:48:05,842
That was the worst: They threw them on top of the others.
359
00:48:43,005 --> 00:48:45,090
Were there a lot of Jews in Kolo?
360
00:48:48,552 --> 00:48:49,886
A great many.
361
00:48:51,471 --> 00:48:53,515
More Jews than Poles.
362
00:48:54,516 --> 00:48:57,519
And what happened to the Kolo Jews?
363
00:48:57,603 --> 00:48:59,521
Was he an eyewitness?
364
00:49:00,647 --> 00:49:04,067
PAN FALBORSKI
365
00:49:05,193 --> 00:49:07,404
Yes. It was frightful.
366
00:49:24,004 --> 00:49:25,172
Frightful to see.
367
00:49:25,255 --> 00:49:28,133
Even the Germans hid, they couldn't see that.
368
00:49:28,216 --> 00:49:32,638
When the Jews were herded to the station, they were beaten,
369
00:49:32,721 --> 00:49:34,181
some were even killed.
370
00:49:34,264 --> 00:49:39,811
A cart followed the convoy to pick up the corpses.
371
00:49:40,228 --> 00:49:44,900
- Those who couldn't walk, the slain? - Yes, those who'd fallen.
372
00:49:44,983 --> 00:49:47,069
Where did this happen?
373
00:50:07,589 --> 00:50:12,177
The Jews were collected in the Kolo synagogue.
374
00:50:12,260 --> 00:50:15,514
Then they were herded to the station,
375
00:50:15,597 --> 00:50:19,643
where the narrow-gauge rail road went to Chelmno.
376
00:50:28,068 --> 00:50:32,114
It happened to all the Jews in the area, not just in Kolo?
377
00:50:39,621 --> 00:50:41,123
Absolutely.
378
00:50:41,957 --> 00:50:43,500
Everywhere.
379
00:50:48,088 --> 00:50:50,716
Jews were also murdered in the forests
380
00:50:50,799 --> 00:50:53,301
near Kalisz, not far from here.
381
00:53:20,615 --> 00:53:24,703
ABRAHAM BOMBA - TEL AVIV, ISRAEL, survivor of Treblinka
382
00:53:53,189 --> 00:53:57,235
TREBLINKA BY ROAD
383
00:55:54,227 --> 00:55:55,729
He was born here
384
00:55:57,313 --> 00:55:58,940
in 1923
385
00:55:59,566 --> 00:56:01,484
and has been here even since.
386
00:56:03,820 --> 00:56:05,697
He lived at this very spot?
387
00:56:05,989 --> 00:56:07,490
Right here.
388
00:56:07,574 --> 00:56:11,244
Then he had a front-row seat for what happened.
389
00:56:17,125 --> 00:56:18,626
Naturally.
390
00:56:21,337 --> 00:56:26,051
You could go up close or watch from a distance.
391
00:56:27,010 --> 00:56:30,055
CZESLAW BOROWI
392
00:56:33,933 --> 00:56:36,936
De havde jord på den anden side af stationen.
393
00:56:37,020 --> 00:56:40,398
For at arbejde det, han havde at krydse sporet,
394
00:56:40,482 --> 00:56:42,484
så han kunne se alt.
395
00:56:47,655 --> 00:56:52,577
Er han husker den første konvoj af jøder fra Warszawa
396
00:56:52,660 --> 00:56:55,288
med den 22. juli 1942?
397
00:56:58,792 --> 00:56:59,918
Ja.
398
00:57:03,838 --> 00:57:06,341
Han minder om den første konvoj meget godt,
399
00:57:07,884 --> 00:57:10,762
og når alle de jøder blev bragt her,
400
00:57:15,350 --> 00:57:19,354
folk tænkte: ”Hvad er der at ske med dem?”
401
00:57:21,940 --> 00:57:26,027
Det er klart, ville de blive dræbt, men ingen endnu vidste hvordan.
402
00:57:38,081 --> 00:57:42,544
Når folk begyndte at forstå, hvad der foregik,
403
00:57:43,086 --> 00:57:44,587
de blev rystet,
404
00:57:44,671 --> 00:57:49,843
og de kommenterede privat, at siden verdens begyndelse,
405
00:57:49,926 --> 00:57:53,555
ingen nogensinde havde myrdet så mange mennesker på den måde.
406
00:57:59,060 --> 00:58:02,480
Mens alt dette foregik foran deres øjne,
407
00:58:02,564 --> 00:58:04,065
normalt liv gik på?
408
00:58:04,149 --> 00:58:05,859
De arbejdede deres marker?
409
00:58:29,299 --> 00:58:31,092
Bestemt de arbejdede,
410
00:58:31,176 --> 00:58:35,930
men ikke så villigt som sædvanlig.
411
00:58:36,598 --> 00:58:38,516
De måtte arbejde,
412
00:58:38,600 --> 00:58:41,186
men da de så alt dette, troede de,
413
00:58:41,269 --> 00:58:44,689
”Hvad nu hvis vores hus er omgivet og vi anholdt?”
414
00:58:47,442 --> 00:58:49,777
Var de bange for jøderne, også?
415
00:59:21,809 --> 00:59:23,728
Nå, siger han, det er på denne måde:
416
00:59:23,811 --> 00:59:28,399
Hvis jeg skære min finger, betyder det ikke skade ham.
417
00:59:28,483 --> 00:59:30,818
De så, hvad der skete med jøderne:
418
00:59:30,902 --> 00:59:35,531
The convoy came in and then went to the camp,
419
00:59:36,282 --> 00:59:38,576
and the people vanished.
420
00:59:40,995 --> 00:59:46,334
He had a field less than 100 yards from the camp.
421
00:59:48,002 --> 00:59:50,797
He also worked during the German occupation.
422
00:59:50,880 --> 00:59:53,299
- He worked his field? - Yes.
423
00:59:55,009 --> 00:59:58,513
He saw how they were asphyxiated,
424
00:59:58,596 --> 01:00:01,933
he heard them scream, he saw that.
425
01:00:02,016 --> 01:00:06,521
There's a small hill: He could see quite a bit.
426
01:00:08,856 --> 01:00:10,525
What did he say?
427
01:00:14,570 --> 01:00:17,282
They couldn't stop and watch.
428
01:00:17,782 --> 01:00:20,785
It was forbidden. The Ukrainians shot at them.
429
01:00:20,868 --> 01:00:25,707
But they could work a field 100 yards from the camp?
430
01:00:26,874 --> 01:00:29,919
They could.
431
01:00:31,170 --> 01:00:33,339
So occasionally he could steal a glance,
432
01:00:33,423 --> 01:00:35,675
if the Ukrainians weren't looking.
433
01:00:35,758 --> 01:00:37,802
He worked with his eyes lowered?
434
01:00:41,431 --> 01:00:42,724
Yes.
435
01:00:47,228 --> 01:00:51,065
He worked by the barbed wire and heard awful screams.
436
01:00:51,149 --> 01:00:52,942
His field was there?
437
01:00:55,028 --> 01:00:56,904
Yes, right up close.
438
01:00:58,072 --> 01:01:00,491
It wasn't forbidden to work there.
439
01:01:01,451 --> 01:01:03,244
So he worked, he farmed there?
440
01:01:08,541 --> 01:01:09,792
Yes.
441
01:01:10,752 --> 01:01:14,964
Where the camp is now was partly his field.
442
01:01:27,101 --> 01:01:30,021
It was off limits, but they heard everything.
443
01:01:30,104 --> 01:01:33,358
It didn't bother him to work so near those screams?
444
01:01:42,450 --> 01:01:45,995
At first it was unbearable. Then you got used to it.
445
01:01:46,454 --> 01:01:48,289
You get used to anything?
446
01:01:52,126 --> 01:01:53,419
Yes.
447
01:01:56,506 --> 01:02:00,218
Now he thinks... it's impossible.
448
01:02:00,301 --> 01:02:01,969
Yet it was true.
449
01:02:30,832 --> 01:02:33,668
So he saw the convoys arriving.
450
01:02:34,168 --> 01:02:38,381
Der var 60 til 80 biler i hver konvoj,
451
01:02:38,673 --> 01:02:41,509
og der var to lokomotiver
452
01:02:41,592 --> 01:02:45,430
der tog konvojer ind i lejren,
453
01:02:45,513 --> 01:02:49,475
tage 20 biler ad gangen.
454
01:02:50,351 --> 01:02:52,854
Og bilerne kom tilbage tom?
455
01:02:55,481 --> 01:02:57,692
- Ja. - Er han huske ...?
456
01:03:02,864 --> 01:03:04,407
Her er, hvordan det skete:
457
01:03:04,699 --> 01:03:07,201
Lokomotivet hentet 20 biler
458
01:03:08,911 --> 01:03:10,872
og tog dem til lejren.
459
01:03:11,205 --> 01:03:14,709
Det tog måske en time,
460
01:03:20,631 --> 01:03:22,717
og de tomme biler kom tilbage her.
461
01:03:22,800 --> 01:03:24,927
Then the next 20 cars were taken,
462
01:03:25,011 --> 01:03:29,557
and meanwhile, the people in the first 20 were already dead.
463
01:03:43,196 --> 01:03:45,072
They waited, they wept,
464
01:03:46,407 --> 01:03:49,243
they asked for water, they died.
465
01:03:51,287 --> 01:03:57,376
Sometimes they were naked in the cars, up to 170 people.
466
01:03:59,921 --> 01:04:02,340
This is where they gave the Jews water, he says.
467
01:04:02,423 --> 01:04:04,425
Where was that?
468
01:04:06,177 --> 01:04:10,681
Here. When the convoys arrived, they gave water to the Jews.
469
01:04:10,765 --> 01:04:12,600
Who gave the Jews water?
470
01:04:14,769 --> 01:04:16,771
We did, the Poles.
471
01:04:18,022 --> 01:04:22,193
There was a tiny well, we took a bottle and...
472
01:04:22,276 --> 01:04:24,654
Wasn't it dangerous to give them water?
473
01:04:26,948 --> 01:04:28,574
Very dangerous.
474
01:04:33,204 --> 01:04:38,376
You could be killed for giving a glass of water.
475
01:04:38,459 --> 01:04:41,420
But we gave them water anyway.
476
01:04:46,133 --> 01:04:48,302
Is it very cold here in winter?
477
01:04:51,514 --> 01:04:52,848
It depends.
478
01:04:55,601 --> 01:04:58,104
It can get to minus 15, minus 20.
479
01:05:01,315 --> 01:05:04,735
Which was harder on the Jews, summer or winter?
480
01:05:04,819 --> 01:05:06,612
Waiting here, I mean.
481
01:05:16,163 --> 01:05:19,208
He thinks winter, because they were very cold.
482
01:05:23,754 --> 01:05:28,467
They were so packed in the cars, maybe they weren't cold.
483
01:05:30,970 --> 01:05:34,181
In summer they stifled: It was very hot.
484
01:05:35,182 --> 01:05:38,185
The Jews were very thirsty. They tried to get out.
485
01:05:42,690 --> 01:05:46,027
Were there corpses in the cars on arrival?
486
01:05:52,950 --> 01:05:54,452
Obviously.
487
01:06:08,132 --> 01:06:09,634
They were so packed in
488
01:06:09,717 --> 01:06:14,221
that even those still alive sat on corpses for lack of space.
489
01:06:17,224 --> 01:06:20,436
Didn't people here who went by the trains
490
01:06:20,519 --> 01:06:23,230
look through the cracks in the cars?
491
01:06:32,573 --> 01:06:36,077
Yes, they could look in sometimes as they went by.
492
01:06:39,872 --> 01:06:43,918
When they were allowed, they gave them water, too.
493
01:06:44,293 --> 01:06:46,462
How did the Jews try to get out?
494
01:06:46,545 --> 01:06:49,048
The doors weren't opened. How'd they get out?
495
01:06:53,302 --> 01:06:55,096
Through the windows.
496
01:06:58,057 --> 01:06:59,684
They removed the barbed wire
497
01:07:01,769 --> 01:07:03,479
and came out of the windows.
498
01:07:03,562 --> 01:07:05,147
They jumped, of course.
499
01:07:10,778 --> 01:07:15,491
Sometimes they just deliberately sat down on the ground,
500
01:07:15,991 --> 01:07:20,621
and the guards came and shot them in the head.
501
01:07:31,298 --> 01:07:35,302
Theyjumped from the cars... What a sight!
502
01:07:36,345 --> 01:07:38,139
Jumping from the windows.
503
01:07:40,141 --> 01:07:43,102
There was a mother and child.
504
01:07:43,185 --> 01:07:45,354
- Jewish? - Yes.
505
01:07:45,438 --> 01:07:47,189
She tried to run away,
506
01:07:47,648 --> 01:07:51,193
and they shot her in the heart.
507
01:07:54,780 --> 01:07:57,491
- Shot who... the mother? - Yes, the mother.
508
01:07:59,952 --> 01:08:04,498
This gentleman has lived here a long time, he can't forget.
509
01:08:15,676 --> 01:08:18,888
He says that now he can't understand
510
01:08:18,971 --> 01:08:23,517
how a man can do that to another human being.
511
01:08:24,351 --> 01:08:26,562
It's inconceivable, beyond understanding.
512
01:08:29,023 --> 01:08:32,359
Once when the Jews asked for water, a Ukrainian went by
513
01:08:33,360 --> 01:08:35,362
and forbade giving any.
514
01:08:38,282 --> 01:08:41,619
The Jewish woman that had asked for water...
515
01:08:41,702 --> 01:08:47,041
threw her pot at his head.
516
01:08:56,008 --> 01:09:00,137
The Ukrainian moved back,
517
01:09:00,930 --> 01:09:05,518
maybe ten yards, and opened fire on the car.
518
01:09:06,727 --> 01:09:09,563
Blood and brains were all over the place.
519
01:09:12,983 --> 01:09:15,528
Lots of people opened the doors
520
01:09:18,405 --> 01:09:20,616
eller undsluppet gennem vinduerne.
521
01:09:23,869 --> 01:09:29,500
Nogle gange ukrainerne fyret gennem bilens vægge.
522
01:10:02,283 --> 01:10:03,784
Det skete chie fl y natten.
523
01:10:03,868 --> 01:10:08,122
Når jøderne talte til hinanden, da han viste os,
524
01:10:08,205 --> 01:10:12,543
ukrainerne ville tingene stille,
525
01:10:12,626 --> 01:10:15,921
og de spurgte ... ja, bad dem om at holde kæft.
526
01:10:16,005 --> 01:10:20,551
Så jøderne lukke op og vagten flyttet fra.
527
01:10:20,634 --> 01:10:24,388
Så begyndte jøderne at tale igen, på deres sprog,
528
01:10:24,471 --> 01:10:26,348
som han siger, ra-ra-ra, og så videre.
529
01:10:26,432 --> 01:10:30,895
Hvad han mener, la-la-la? Hvad han forsøger at efterligne?
530
01:10:30,978 --> 01:10:33,314
- Deres sprog. - Nej, så spørg ham.
531
01:10:37,484 --> 01:10:39,862
Var jødernes støj noget særligt?
532
01:10:40,988 --> 01:10:42,740
De talte Jøde.
533
01:10:44,408 --> 01:10:46,452
Er Mr. Borowi forstå ”Jøde”?
534
01:10:47,995 --> 01:10:49,246
Ingen.
535
01:12:32,975 --> 01:12:36,687
Har han hører skrig bag hans lokomotiv?
536
01:12:43,736 --> 01:12:48,323
Det er klart, da lokomotivet var ved siden af lejren.
537
01:12:48,407 --> 01:12:50,951
De skreg, bad om vand.
538
01:12:58,459 --> 01:13:03,213
De skrig fra bilerne nærmest lokomotivet
539
01:13:03,297 --> 01:13:05,924
kunne høres meget godt.
540
01:13:09,887 --> 01:13:11,805
Kan man vænne sig til det?
541
01:13:18,312 --> 01:13:19,354
Ingen.
542
01:13:23,484 --> 01:13:26,320
Det var yderst sørgeligt for ham.
543
01:13:26,403 --> 01:13:31,658
Han vidste, at folkene bag ham var menneske, ligesom ham.
544
01:13:38,248 --> 01:13:44,922
Tyskerne gav ham og andre arbejdere vodka til drikke.
545
01:13:45,005 --> 01:13:47,883
Uden at drikke, kunne de ikke have gjort det.
546
01:13:54,348 --> 01:13:56,183
Der var en bonus
547
01:14:00,813 --> 01:14:04,900
at de blev betalt ikke i penge, men i spiritus.
548
01:14:07,778 --> 01:14:11,532
De, der arbejdede på andre tog ikke fik denne bonus.
549
01:14:14,993 --> 01:14:18,372
HENRIK GAWKOWSKI
550
01:14:25,212 --> 01:14:28,465
Han drak hver en dråbe fik han
551
01:14:28,549 --> 01:14:33,470
for uden spiritus, han kunne ikke holde stanken
552
01:14:33,554 --> 01:14:35,514
da han kom her.
553
01:14:35,597 --> 01:14:39,977
De købte endnu mere spiritus på egen hånd
554
01:14:40,227 --> 01:14:42,229
at drikke sig fuld på.
555
01:15:50,797 --> 01:15:55,427
Fra stationen til losning rampen i lejren,
556
01:15:55,510 --> 01:15:57,846
hvor mange miles?
557
01:16:10,609 --> 01:16:11,610
Foundation
558
01:17:23,056 --> 01:17:25,100
AB raham BC) M BA
559
01:17:49,166 --> 01:17:51,084
Vi rejste i to dage.
560
01:17:53,045 --> 01:17:55,380
Om morgenen den anden dag
561
01:17:55,464 --> 01:18:00,052
vi så, at vi havde forladt Tjekkoslovakiet
562
01:18:00,135 --> 01:18:04,806
og var på vej øst.
563
01:18:09,603 --> 01:18:13,231
Det var ikke SS bevogtede os,
564
01:18:13,607 --> 01:18:17,652
men politiet,
565
01:18:17,736 --> 01:18:20,447
politiet, i grønne uniformer.
566
01:18:23,617 --> 01:18:26,870
Vi var i almindelige personbiler.
567
01:18:26,953 --> 01:18:28,955
Alle pladser var besat.
568
01:18:30,165 --> 01:18:32,501
Du kunne ikke vælge.
569
01:18:32,584 --> 01:18:35,337
De blev alle nummererede og tildeles.
570
01:18:37,381 --> 01:18:41,718
I min afdeling var der et ældre ægtepar.
571
01:18:41,802 --> 01:18:43,595
Jeg husker stadig:
572
01:18:43,678 --> 01:18:49,601
Den gode mand var altid sulten og hans kone skældte ham,
573
01:18:49,684 --> 01:18:56,274
siger, at de ville have nogen fødevarer venstre for fremtiden.
574
01:19:00,153 --> 01:19:02,155
RICHARD GLAZAR
575
01:19:02,906 --> 01:19:06,076
Så, på den anden dag,
576
01:19:06,326 --> 01:19:09,413
Jeg så et tegn for Malkinia.
577
01:19:09,830 --> 01:19:11,998
Vi gik på en lidt længere.
578
01:19:12,499 --> 01:19:17,421
Så meget langsomt,
579
01:19:17,504 --> 01:19:21,425
toget slukket hovedsporet
580
01:19:21,508 --> 01:19:25,846
og rullet på en gå-tempo gennem et træ.
581
01:19:25,929 --> 01:19:28,807
Mens han kiggede ud,
582
01:19:29,683 --> 01:19:32,394
vi havde været i stand til at åbne et vindue.
583
01:19:32,477 --> 01:19:36,440
Den gamle mand i vores rum så en dreng ...
584
01:19:36,523 --> 01:19:40,068
Køer græsning ...
585
01:19:40,318 --> 01:19:44,156
Og han spurgte drengen i skilte,
586
01:19:44,239 --> 01:19:46,616
"Hvor er vi?"
587
01:19:47,534 --> 01:19:50,537
And the kid made a funny gesture. This!
588
01:19:51,455 --> 01:19:53,165
Across the throat.
589
01:19:55,750 --> 01:19:57,961
- A Pole? - A Pole.
590
01:19:58,044 --> 01:20:00,380
Where was this? At the station?
591
01:20:00,464 --> 01:20:06,344
It was where the train had stopped.
592
01:20:06,428 --> 01:20:08,305
On one side was the wood,
593
01:20:08,388 --> 01:20:11,433
and on the other were fields.
594
01:20:11,516 --> 01:20:13,810
And there was a farmer in a field?
595
01:20:13,894 --> 01:20:16,938
We saw cows
596
01:20:17,022 --> 01:20:20,775
watched over by a young man,
597
01:20:20,859 --> 01:20:25,864
a farmhand.
598
01:20:26,198 --> 01:20:28,283
And one of you questioned him?
599
01:20:28,366 --> 01:20:35,165
Not in words, but in signs, we asked, “What's going on here?”
600
01:20:35,248 --> 01:20:38,251
And he made that gesture. Like this.
601
01:20:40,253 --> 01:20:43,256
We didn't really
602
01:20:44,174 --> 01:20:47,052
pay much attention to him.
603
01:20:47,135 --> 01:20:49,554
We couldn't figure out what he meant.
604
01:21:09,282 --> 01:21:11,868
Once there were foreign Jews...
605
01:21:12,410 --> 01:21:14,204
They were this fat...
606
01:21:14,496 --> 01:21:15,789
This fat?
607
01:21:16,289 --> 01:21:19,292
Riding in passenger cars.
608
01:21:19,543 --> 01:21:22,546
There was a dining car, they could drink
609
01:21:22,629 --> 01:21:24,923
and walk around, too.
610
01:21:25,382 --> 01:21:28,969
They said they were going to a factory.
611
01:21:29,219 --> 01:21:33,807
On arrival, they saw what kind of a factory it was.
612
01:21:37,978 --> 01:21:39,563
We'd gesture...
613
01:21:39,646 --> 01:21:41,147
Gesture how?
614
01:21:43,567 --> 01:21:45,402
That they'd be killed.
615
01:21:45,485 --> 01:21:47,153
These people made that sign?
616
01:21:47,237 --> 01:21:49,322
He says the Jews didn't believe it.
617
01:21:49,406 --> 01:21:51,658
But what does that gesture mean?
618
01:21:54,619 --> 01:21:56,788
That death awaited them.
619
01:22:09,009 --> 01:22:12,178
The people who had a chance to get near the Jews
620
01:22:12,262 --> 01:22:14,556
gjorde, at for at advare dem ...
621
01:22:14,639 --> 01:22:17,976
- Han gjorde det også? - At de ville blive hængt, dræbt, dræbt.
622
01:22:19,019 --> 01:22:20,020
Ja.
623
01:22:23,440 --> 01:22:27,444
Selv udenlandske jøder fra Belgien, Tjekkoslovakiet,
624
01:22:27,527 --> 01:22:29,863
fra Frankrig også, helt sikkert.
625
01:22:31,031 --> 01:22:32,699
Og fra Holland ...
626
01:22:35,285 --> 01:22:36,870
Disse vidste ikke,
627
01:22:44,461 --> 01:22:48,048
men den polske jøder vidste.
628
01:22:48,131 --> 01:22:53,887
I de små byer i området,
629
01:22:54,095 --> 01:22:55,305
det blev talt om.
630
01:22:55,388 --> 01:22:59,476
Så de polske jøder blev advaret, men ikke de andre.
631
01:22:59,559 --> 01:23:02,562
Hvem havde de advarer, polske jøder eller de andre?
632
01:23:08,568 --> 01:23:11,363
Alle jøderne.
633
01:23:36,638 --> 01:23:40,183
Han siger, de udenlandske jøder ankom her i personbiler,
634
01:23:40,266 --> 01:23:42,769
de var godt klædt, i hvide skjorter,
635
01:23:42,852 --> 01:23:47,232
Der var blomster i bilerne, og de spillede kort.
636
01:23:48,233 --> 01:23:52,278
Fra hvad jeg ved, det var meget sjældent,
637
01:23:52,529 --> 01:23:55,990
Jøder sendes i personbiler.
638
01:23:56,074 --> 01:24:00,370
De fleste ankom i kvæg biler.
639
01:24:15,135 --> 01:24:17,053
Det er ikke sandt.
640
01:24:18,138 --> 01:24:19,806
Det er ikke sandt?
641
01:24:22,434 --> 01:24:24,227
Hvad sagde fru Gawkowska sige?
642
01:24:24,310 --> 01:24:28,064
Hun sagde, at han måske ikke har set alt.
643
01:24:29,983 --> 01:24:32,110
Han siger, at han gjorde.
644
01:24:59,304 --> 01:25:02,432
Engang på Malkinia station, for eksempel,
645
01:25:02,515 --> 01:25:05,852
en fremmed Jøde forlod toget
646
01:25:05,935 --> 01:25:08,271
at købe noget i baren.
647
01:25:09,564 --> 01:25:13,985
Toget trækkes ud, og han løb efter det ...
648
01:25:14,068 --> 01:25:15,820
At fange op til det.
649
01:25:17,197 --> 01:25:22,410
Så han gik forbi disse ”Pullmans”, som han kalder dem,
650
01:25:22,494 --> 01:25:27,624
de jøder, der var rolig, intetanende,
651
01:25:27,707 --> 01:25:30,210
og han gjorde, at gestus til dem.
652
01:25:41,596 --> 01:25:43,807
Til alle jøderne, i princippet.
653
01:25:43,890 --> 01:25:46,643
Han gik bare langs platformen. Spørg ham.
654
01:25:53,775 --> 01:25:58,071
Ja. Vejen var som det er nu.
655
01:26:00,281 --> 01:26:04,661
Når vagten ikke var på udkig,
656
01:26:04,911 --> 01:26:07,372
han gjorde det gestus.
657
01:26:12,377 --> 01:26:15,547
Spørg Mr. Gawkowski hvorfor han ser så trist.
658
01:26:24,931 --> 01:26:27,767
Fordi jeg så mænd marchere til deres død.
659
01:26:30,728 --> 01:26:32,856
Netop hvor er vi nu?
660
01:26:42,615 --> 01:26:47,495
Det er ikke langt ... en mile og en halv fra her.
661
01:26:47,579 --> 01:26:48,872
Hvad, lejren?
662
01:26:55,628 --> 01:26:58,965
Hvad er det grusvej han angiver?
663
01:27:07,974 --> 01:27:11,144
Det er, hvor jernbanelinjen ind i lejren var.
664
01:27:29,329 --> 01:27:33,166
Vidste Mr. Gawkowski, bortset fra togene fra deporterede
665
01:27:33,249 --> 01:27:38,880
Han kørte fra Warszawa eller Bialystok til Treblinka station ...
666
01:27:38,963 --> 01:27:43,509
Har han nogensinde køre den deporterede biler
667
01:27:43,593 --> 01:27:46,512
ind i lejren fra Treblinka station?
668
01:28:03,321 --> 01:28:05,114
Har han gør det ofte?
669
01:28:09,035 --> 01:28:11,704
To eller tre gange om ugen.
670
01:28:12,455 --> 01:28:14,040
Over hvor lang en periode?
671
01:28:18,711 --> 01:28:20,922
Omkring et år og en halv.
672
01:28:21,214 --> 01:28:25,134
Det vil sige, i hele lejrens eksistens?
673
01:29:04,674 --> 01:29:06,384
Dette er rampen.
674
01:29:07,760 --> 01:29:10,722
Her er han, han går til enden med sit lokomotiv,
675
01:29:10,805 --> 01:29:14,058
og han har de 20 biler bag ham.
676
01:29:20,314 --> 01:29:23,192
Nej, de er foran ham.
677
01:29:23,276 --> 01:29:24,902
He pushed them?
678
01:29:26,070 --> 01:29:27,739
That's right, he pushed them.
679
01:30:26,172 --> 01:30:28,257
In February 1942,
680
01:30:28,341 --> 01:30:31,469
I began working here as an assistant switchman.
681
01:30:33,054 --> 01:30:36,390
The station building, the rails, the platforms
682
01:30:36,474 --> 01:30:39,519
are just as they were in 1942?
683
01:30:39,602 --> 01:30:41,687
Nothing's changed?
684
01:30:45,441 --> 01:30:46,442
Nothing.
685
01:30:46,526 --> 01:30:49,403
Exactly where did the camp begin?
686
01:30:52,490 --> 01:30:54,617
JAN PIWONSKI
687
01:30:55,201 --> 01:30:57,870
I'll show you exactly.
688
01:31:17,306 --> 01:31:18,724
Here,
689
01:31:25,148 --> 01:31:29,318
there was a fence that ran to those trees you see there.
690
01:31:36,242 --> 01:31:39,495
Og en anden hegn, der løb til disse træer derovre.
691
01:31:40,413 --> 01:31:44,917
Så jeg står inde i lejren perimeter, ikke?
692
01:31:48,754 --> 01:31:49,839
Det er rigtigt.
693
01:31:49,922 --> 01:31:53,676
Hvor jeg nu er 50 fod fra stationen,
694
01:31:53,759 --> 01:31:55,595
og jeg er allerede uden for lejren.
695
01:32:00,266 --> 01:32:01,434
Ja.
696
01:32:04,896 --> 01:32:07,857
Så dette er den polske side og derovre var død.
697
01:32:11,569 --> 01:32:12,236
Ja.
698
01:32:23,039 --> 01:32:27,793
På de tyske ordrer, polske railmen delt op i togene.
699
01:32:34,926 --> 01:32:36,886
Så lokomotivet tog 20 biler
700
01:32:36,969 --> 01:32:40,056
og ledes mod Chelm.
701
01:32:42,850 --> 01:32:45,269
Hvor den nåede en switch,
702
01:32:47,230 --> 01:32:53,694
det skubbet bilerne ind i lejren på det andet spor, vi kan se.
703
01:32:54,528 --> 01:32:55,780
Rampen begyndte der.
704
01:32:55,863 --> 01:32:59,242
Så her er vi uden for lejren,
705
01:32:59,325 --> 01:33:03,746
og tilbage her vi træder det.
706
01:33:03,829 --> 01:33:08,501
I modsætning til Treblinka, stationen her er en del af lejren.
707
01:33:13,965 --> 01:33:18,469
Og på dette tidspunkt, vi er inde i lejren.
708
01:33:21,347 --> 01:33:24,183
Denne bane var inde i lejren.
709
01:33:25,017 --> 01:33:27,353
Og det er præcis, som det var?
710
01:33:32,400 --> 01:33:34,193
Ja, det samme spor.
711
01:33:34,652 --> 01:33:36,862
Det har ikke ændret sig siden da.
712
01:33:36,946 --> 01:33:41,033
Hvor vi er nu, er, hvad der blev kaldt rampen, ikke?
713
01:33:49,834 --> 01:33:54,630
Ja, dem, der skal udryddes blev losset her.
714
01:33:54,714 --> 01:33:56,173
Så hvor vi står
715
01:33:56,257 --> 01:34:01,137
er hvor 250.000 jøder blev losset inden de blev gasset.
716
01:34:05,641 --> 01:34:06,642
Ja.
717
01:34:12,231 --> 01:34:16,902
Vidste udenlandske jøder ankommer her i personbiler, også?
718
01:34:26,078 --> 01:34:27,830
Ikke altid.
719
01:34:32,418 --> 01:34:34,462
Ofte de rigeste jøder,
720
01:34:36,088 --> 01:34:38,341
fra Belgien, Holland, Frankrig,
721
01:34:40,051 --> 01:34:42,303
ankom i personbiler,
722
01:34:43,095 --> 01:34:45,348
nogle gange endda i 1. klasse.
723
01:34:49,393 --> 01:34:52,438
De blev som regel bedre behandlet af vagterne.
724
01:35:14,835 --> 01:35:18,339
Især de konvojer af vesteuropæiske jøder
725
01:35:18,422 --> 01:35:20,966
venter deres tur her,
726
01:35:23,803 --> 01:35:28,015
Polske railmen oplevede kvinderne lægge make-up, kæmning deres hår,
727
01:35:28,099 --> 01:35:31,644
helt uvidende om, hvad der ventede dem minutter senere.
728
01:35:32,478 --> 01:35:34,313
De dolled.
729
01:35:45,324 --> 01:35:47,660
Og polakkerne kunne ikke fortælle dem noget:
730
01:35:47,743 --> 01:35:53,040
Vagterne forbød kontakt med ofrene fremtidige.
731
01:36:00,965 --> 01:36:03,509
Jeg formoder, at der var fine dage som i dag.
732
01:36:11,183 --> 01:36:13,853
Desværre, nogle var endnu finere.
733
01:37:23,589 --> 01:37:26,675
RUDOLF Vrba - NEW YORK, USA, overlevende fra Auschwitz
734
01:37:50,950 --> 01:37:54,036
Auschwitz - Birkenau
735
01:42:47,746 --> 01:42:51,834
Og pludselig begyndte det: den råben og skrigen.
736
01:42:52,835 --> 01:42:54,795
”Aii ud, alle ud!”
737
01:42:55,254 --> 01:42:59,383
Alle disse råb, den tumult, tumulten!
738
01:42:59,925 --> 01:43:02,219
"Ud! Gå ud!
739
01:43:04,930 --> 01:43:07,140
Lad bagage!”
740
01:43:07,683 --> 01:43:11,436
Vi fik ud, at træde på hinanden.
741
01:43:18,610 --> 01:43:22,114
Vi så mænd iført blå armbånd.
742
01:43:22,197 --> 01:43:26,827
Nogle gennemførte piske.
743
01:43:28,996 --> 01:43:31,707
Vi så nogle SS mænd.
744
01:43:31,790 --> 01:43:34,918
Grønne uniformer,
745
01:43:35,002 --> 01:43:40,090
sorte uniformer ...
746
01:43:42,801 --> 01:43:44,803
Vi var en masse,
747
01:43:47,055 --> 01:43:50,559
og massen fejede os sammen.
748
01:43:50,642 --> 01:43:52,436
Det var uimodståelig.
749
01:43:52,519 --> 01:43:55,856
Det skulle flytte til et andet sted.
750
01:44:08,160 --> 01:44:10,662
Jeg så de andre afklædning.
751
01:44:12,164 --> 01:44:16,710
Og jeg hørte, ”Get afklædt! Du er skal desinficeres!”
752
01:44:19,254 --> 01:44:22,841
Som jeg ventede, allerede nøgen,
753
01:44:22,925 --> 01:44:29,890
Jeg lagde mærke til SS mænd adskiller nogle mennesker.
754
01:44:29,973 --> 01:44:32,309
Disse blev bedt om at klæde sig på.
755
01:44:34,227 --> 01:44:40,317
En passerer SS mand standsede pludselig foran mig,
756
01:44:41,693 --> 01:44:45,280
kiggede mig over, og sagde,
757
01:44:45,364 --> 01:44:50,118
”Ja, du også, hurtig, slutte sig til de andre, få klædt.
758
01:44:50,369 --> 01:44:54,957
Du kommer til at arbejde her, og hvis du er god,
759
01:44:55,040 --> 01:44:57,834
du kan være en Kapo ... en holdleder. ”
760
01:48:17,951 --> 01:48:20,871
BIRKENAUI THE RAMP
761
01:48:54,487 --> 01:48:58,450
Vi blev taget til kasernen.
762
01:48:59,868 --> 01:49:03,371
Det hele sted lugtede.
763
01:49:05,624 --> 01:49:09,294
Stablet omkring fem fod høje
764
01:49:09,669 --> 01:49:14,633
i en rodet masse,
765
01:49:14,716 --> 01:49:19,638
var alle de ting, folk kunne tænkes at have bragt.
766
01:49:21,056 --> 01:49:24,643
Tøj, kufferter,
767
01:49:24,726 --> 01:49:29,898
alt stablet i en fast masse.
768
01:49:30,982 --> 01:49:34,903
Oven i det, hoppe rundt som dæmoner,
769
01:49:34,986 --> 01:49:40,617
folk gjorde bundter
770
01:49:41,034 --> 01:49:44,329
og transporterer dem udenfor.
771
01:49:45,247 --> 01:49:49,417
Jeg blev overgivet til en af disse mænd.
772
01:49:49,501 --> 01:49:54,214
Hans armbind sagde, ”Squad Leader”.
773
01:49:54,881 --> 01:49:56,466
Han råbte,
774
01:49:56,549 --> 01:50:02,639
og jeg forstod, at jeg var også at afhente tøj, bundte det,
775
01:50:04,307 --> 01:50:09,980
og tage det et eller andet sted.
776
01:50:12,399 --> 01:50:15,944
Som jeg arbejdede, jeg spurgte ham,
777
01:50:16,027 --> 01:50:20,615
"Hvad sker der? De undressed dem ... Hvor er de?”
778
01:50:21,700 --> 01:50:26,746
Og han svarede: ”Dead! Alle døde!”
779
01:50:29,124 --> 01:50:33,753
Men det stadig ikke var sunket i, jeg ikke tro det.
780
01:50:34,421 --> 01:50:36,256
He'd used the Yiddish word.
781
01:50:36,339 --> 01:50:41,970
It was the first time I'd heard Yiddish spoken.
782
01:50:44,723 --> 01:50:48,977
He didn't say it very loud,
783
01:50:50,061 --> 01:50:54,941
and I saw he had tears in his eyes.
784
01:50:55,984 --> 01:50:59,821
Suddenly he started shouting
785
01:50:59,904 --> 01:51:01,906
and raised his whip.
786
01:51:02,157 --> 01:51:07,203
Out of the corner of my eyes, I saw an SS man coming.
787
01:51:07,287 --> 01:51:11,416
And I understood that I was to ask no more questions,
788
01:51:11,666 --> 01:51:18,006
but just to rush outside with the package.
789
01:52:41,214 --> 01:52:45,844
All I could think of then was my friend Care! Unger.
790
01:52:47,554 --> 01:52:51,182
He'd been at the rear of the train,
791
01:52:51,266 --> 01:52:56,062
in a section that had been uncoupled and left outside.
792
01:52:57,856 --> 01:53:02,777
I needed someone. Near me. With me.
793
01:53:06,239 --> 01:53:10,285
Then I saw him. He was in the 2nd group.
794
01:53:10,368 --> 01:53:13,037
He'd been spared too.
795
01:53:15,748 --> 01:53:21,004
On the way, somehow, he had learned, he already knew.
796
01:53:21,087 --> 01:53:23,715
He looked at me,
797
01:53:25,133 --> 01:53:31,014
all he said was, “Richard, my father, mother, brother...”
798
01:53:32,974 --> 01:53:36,186
He had learned on the way there.
799
01:53:38,897 --> 01:53:42,650
Your meeting with Carel:
800
01:53:42,734 --> 01:53:46,404
how long after your arrival did it happen?
801
01:53:47,947 --> 01:53:54,662
It was... around 20 minutes after we reached Treblinka.
802
01:54:01,711 --> 01:54:04,839
Then I left the barracks
803
01:54:04,923 --> 01:54:09,844
and had my first look at the vast space
804
01:54:10,595 --> 01:54:17,769
that I soon learned was called “the sorting place.”
805
01:54:18,937 --> 01:54:24,275
It was buried under mountains of objects of all kinds.
806
01:54:25,026 --> 01:54:29,656
Mountains of shoes, of clothes, 30 feet high.
807
01:54:32,450 --> 01:54:36,412
I thought about it and said to Carel,
808
01:54:36,496 --> 01:54:39,707
“I! is a hurricane, a raging sea.
809
01:54:39,791 --> 01:54:43,878
We're shipwrecked. And we're still alive.
810
01:54:43,962 --> 01:54:46,422
We must do nothing
811
01:54:46,506 --> 01:54:49,717
but watch for every new wave,
812
01:54:49,801 --> 01:54:52,887
float on it,
813
01:54:52,971 --> 01:54:58,893
get ready for the next wave,
814
01:54:58,977 --> 01:55:01,062
and ride the wave at all costs.
815
01:55:01,145 --> 01:55:03,565
And nothing else.”
816
01:57:44,225 --> 01:57:47,270
Greenery, sand everywhere else.
817
01:57:47,645 --> 01:57:50,773
At night, we were put into barracks.
818
01:57:50,857 --> 01:57:52,817
It just had a sand floor.
819
01:57:52,900 --> 01:57:55,361
Nothing else.
820
01:57:55,820 --> 01:58:01,242
Each of us simply dropped where he stood.
821
01:58:01,993 --> 01:58:08,166
Half asleep, I heard some men hang themselves.
822
01:58:08,374 --> 01:58:12,587
We didn't react then. It was almost normal.
823
01:58:14,172 --> 01:58:16,257
Just as it was normal
824
01:58:16,340 --> 01:58:23,890
that for everyone behind whom the gate of Treblinka closed,
825
01:58:24,348 --> 01:58:28,186
there was death, had to be death,
826
01:58:28,436 --> 01:58:35,234
for no one was supposed to be left to bear witness.
827
01:58:37,028 --> 01:58:41,157
I already knew that,
828
01:58:41,240 --> 01:58:46,788
three hours after arriving at Treblinka.
829
02:00:56,834 --> 02:00:59,170
BERLIN
830
02:03:30,571 --> 02:03:33,866
INGE DEUTSCHKRON Born in Berlin
831
02:03:34,158 --> 02:03:37,745
Lived there through the war
832
02:03:38,120 --> 02:03:42,166
(In hiding beginning in February 1943)
833
02:03:42,500 --> 02:03:46,378
Now lives in Israel
834
02:05:15,217 --> 02:05:18,846
FRANZ SUCHOMEL: SS Unterscharfuhrer
835
02:05:21,056 --> 02:05:24,894
- Are you ready? - Yes.
836
02:05:24,977 --> 02:05:27,646
- Så kan vi ... - Vi kan begynde.
837
02:05:31,317 --> 02:05:35,529
Hvordan er dit hjerte? Er alt i orden?
838
02:05:36,739 --> 02:05:39,658
Åh, mit hjerte ... For øjeblikket IFs okay.
839
02:05:39,742 --> 02:05:43,370
Hvis jeg har nogen smerte, vil jeg fortælle dig.
840
02:05:43,454 --> 02:05:45,039
Vi bliver nødt til at afbryde.
841
02:05:45,122 --> 02:05:46,790
Selvfølgelig.
842
02:05:48,834 --> 02:05:51,295
Men dit helbred, i almindelighed, er ...
843
02:05:51,378 --> 02:05:55,299
Vejret i dag passer mig fint.
844
02:05:55,549 --> 02:06:00,262
Den barometertrykket er højt: Det er godt for mig.
845
02:06:00,471 --> 02:06:04,391
Du ser at være i god form, alligevel.
846
02:06:05,267 --> 02:06:09,104
Lad os begynde med Treblinka.
847
02:06:09,188 --> 02:06:10,397
Sikkert.
848
02:06:10,481 --> 02:06:12,483
Jeg tror, det er bedst.
849
02:06:12,858 --> 02:06:15,611
Hvis du kunne give os
850
02:06:18,489 --> 02:06:22,451
en beskrivelse af Treblinka.
851
02:06:23,160 --> 02:06:26,580
Hvordan gik det se ud, når du ankom?
852
02:06:26,664 --> 02:06:31,752
Jeg tror, du har der i august?
853
02:06:31,835 --> 02:06:35,005
Var det 20 august eller i 24?
854
02:06:35,839 --> 02:06:38,801
Det 18.? - Jeg ved ikke præcis.
855
02:06:38,884 --> 02:06:42,263
Around August 20.
856
02:06:43,472 --> 02:06:47,434
Jeg ankom der med syv andre mænd.
857
02:06:48,060 --> 02:06:49,603
Fra Berlin?
858
02:06:49,687 --> 02:06:50,980
Fra Berlin.
859
02:06:51,063 --> 02:06:52,773
Fra Lublin?
860
02:06:53,565 --> 02:06:57,611
Fra Berlin til Warszawa, fra Warszawa til Lublin,
861
02:06:57,695 --> 02:07:03,075
fra Lublin tilbage til Warszawa og fra Warszawa til Treblinka.
862
02:07:03,367 --> 02:07:07,705
What was Treblinka like then?
863
02:07:08,372 --> 02:07:13,294
Treblinka then was operating at full capacity.
864
02:07:13,877 --> 02:07:16,547
- Full capacity? - Full capacity!
865
02:07:18,215 --> 02:07:20,551
Trains arrived...
866
02:07:21,844 --> 02:07:26,265
The Warsaw ghetto was being emptied then.
867
02:07:28,058 --> 02:07:34,606
Three trains arrived in two days,
868
02:07:36,150 --> 02:07:43,282
each with three, four, five thousand people aboard,
869
02:07:44,241 --> 02:07:46,744
all from Warsaw.
870
02:07:47,411 --> 02:07:52,583
But at the same time, other trains came in
871
02:07:53,459 --> 02:07:58,255
from Kielce and other places.
872
02:07:59,256 --> 02:08:02,468
So three trains arrived,
873
02:08:03,427 --> 02:08:09,558
and since the offensive against Stalingrad was in fear,
874
02:08:09,767 --> 02:08:14,646
the trainloads of Jews were left on a station siding.
875
02:08:15,606 --> 02:08:20,778
What's more, the cars were French,
876
02:08:21,737 --> 02:08:23,822
made of steel.
877
02:08:24,073 --> 02:08:30,287
So that while 5,000 Jews arrived in Treblinka,
878
02:08:30,913 --> 02:08:33,665
3,000 were dead.
879
02:08:34,333 --> 02:08:36,502
- In the... - In the cars.
880
02:08:36,585 --> 02:08:39,129
They had slashed their wrists,
881
02:08:41,006 --> 02:08:44,510
or just died.
882
02:08:46,512 --> 02:08:50,891
The ones we unloaded were half-dead
883
02:08:50,974 --> 02:08:55,896
and half-mad.
884
02:08:58,190 --> 02:09:03,862
In the other trains from Kielce
885
02:09:04,154 --> 02:09:06,657
and elsewhere,
886
02:09:07,366 --> 02:09:10,160
at least half were dead.
887
02:09:11,120 --> 02:09:15,249
We stacked them here, here,
888
02:09:17,292 --> 02:09:19,378
here and here.
889
02:09:19,962 --> 02:09:22,840
Thousands of people
890
02:09:23,841 --> 02:09:27,052
piled one on top of another.
891
02:09:29,179 --> 02:09:31,515
- On the ramp? - On the ramp.
892
02:09:32,182 --> 02:09:35,352
Stacked like wood.
893
02:09:35,727 --> 02:09:36,979
In addition,
894
02:09:37,062 --> 02:09:42,776
other Jews, still alive, waited there for two days:
895
02:09:42,860 --> 02:09:47,239
The small gas chambers could no longer handle the number.
896
02:09:47,322 --> 02:09:54,246
They functioned day and night in that period.
897
02:09:54,329 --> 02:09:58,876
Can you please describe, very precisely,
898
02:09:59,251 --> 02:10:03,338
your first impression of Treblinka?
899
02:10:03,422 --> 02:10:07,301
Very precisely. it's very important.
900
02:10:07,384 --> 02:10:11,889
My first impression of Treblinka,
901
02:10:12,514 --> 02:10:18,562
and that of some of the other men, was catastrophic.
902
02:10:19,438 --> 02:10:22,399
For we had not been told
903
02:10:23,233 --> 02:10:28,405
how and what... that people were being killed there.
904
02:10:28,780 --> 02:10:30,324
They hadn't told us.
905
02:10:30,407 --> 02:10:32,534
- You didn't know? - No!
906
02:10:33,160 --> 02:10:35,829
Incredible!
907
02:10:36,079 --> 02:10:40,083
But true. I didn't want to go.
908
02:10:40,792 --> 02:10:43,378
That was proved at my trial.
909
02:10:43,587 --> 02:10:45,881
I was told,
910
02:10:45,964 --> 02:10:47,883
“Mr. Suchomel,
911
02:10:48,550 --> 02:10:52,679
there are big workshops there for tailors and shoemakers,
912
02:10:52,930 --> 02:10:55,766
and you'll be guarding them.”
913
02:10:56,517 --> 02:11:00,938
Nothing more. - But you knew it was a camp?
914
02:11:01,021 --> 02:11:03,482
Yes. We were told,
915
02:11:03,774 --> 02:11:09,905
“The Fuhrer ordered a resettlement program.
916
02:11:10,113 --> 02:11:13,116
It's an order from the Fuhrer.”
917
02:11:13,992 --> 02:11:16,411
Understand? - Resettlement program...
918
02:11:20,082 --> 02:11:22,751
No one ever spoke of killing.
919
02:11:24,127 --> 02:11:25,879
I understand.
920
02:11:25,963 --> 02:11:30,217
Mr. Suchomel, we're not discussing you,
921
02:11:30,300 --> 02:11:32,261
only Treblinka.
922
02:11:32,344 --> 02:11:35,764
You are a very important eyewitness,
923
02:11:35,847 --> 02:11:40,686
and you can explain what Treblinka was.
924
02:11:40,769 --> 02:11:42,896
But don't use my name.
925
02:11:42,980 --> 02:11:47,192
No, I promise.
926
02:11:49,027 --> 02:11:52,072
All right, you've arrived at Treblinka.
927
02:11:52,155 --> 02:11:55,659
So Stadie, the sarge,
928
02:11:56,159 --> 02:11:59,621
showed us the camp
929
02:12:01,290 --> 02:12:04,918
from end to end.
930
02:12:07,170 --> 02:12:10,966
Just as we went by,
931
02:12:11,049 --> 02:12:16,722
they were opening the gas chamber doors,
932
02:12:16,805 --> 02:12:21,393
and people fell out like potatoes.
933
02:12:24,688 --> 02:12:29,693
Naturally, that horrified and appalled us.
934
02:12:30,193 --> 02:12:34,823
We went back and sat down on our suitcases
935
02:12:34,906 --> 02:12:38,368
and cried like old women.
936
02:12:42,873 --> 02:12:47,544
Each day, 100 Jews were chosen
937
02:12:48,170 --> 02:12:52,215
to drag the corpses to the mass graves.
938
02:12:53,550 --> 02:13:01,433
In the evening, the Ukrainians drove those Jews into the gas chambers
939
02:13:01,683 --> 02:13:03,310
or shot them.
940
02:13:03,393 --> 02:13:05,145
Every day!
941
02:13:07,564 --> 02:13:10,776
It was in the hottest days of August.
942
02:13:14,237 --> 02:13:19,076
The ground undulated like waves
943
02:13:19,284 --> 02:13:21,161
because of the gas.
944
02:13:21,244 --> 02:13:23,455
From the bodies?
945
02:13:23,789 --> 02:13:28,418
Bear in mind, the graves were maybe 18, 20 feet deep,
946
02:13:29,252 --> 02:13:33,757
all crammed with bodies!
947
02:13:34,549 --> 02:13:38,970
A thin layer of sand and the heat. You see?
948
02:13:39,221 --> 02:13:41,515
It was hell up there.
949
02:13:41,598 --> 02:13:42,933
You saw that?
950
02:13:43,016 --> 02:13:46,895
Yes, just once, the first day.
951
02:13:46,978 --> 02:13:49,940
We puked and wept.
952
02:13:50,023 --> 02:13:52,776
- You wept? - We wept too, yes.
953
02:13:56,947 --> 02:13:59,658
The smell was infernal.
954
02:13:59,950 --> 02:14:04,204
Ja, fordi gas var konstant undslippe.
955
02:14:04,287 --> 02:14:08,750
Det lugtede forfærdeligt, i miles omkreds.
956
02:14:09,042 --> 02:14:11,253
- Miles? - Miles!
957
02:14:11,336 --> 02:14:13,505
Du kunne lugte det hele vejen rundt,
958
02:14:14,297 --> 02:14:16,341
ikke bare i lejren?
959
02:14:16,425 --> 02:14:20,595
Overalt. Det afhang af vinden.
960
02:14:20,679 --> 02:14:23,640
Stink blev udført på vinden.
961
02:14:24,641 --> 02:14:26,560
Forstå?
962
02:14:34,651 --> 02:14:38,905
Flere mennesker holdes kommer, altid mere,
963
02:14:38,989 --> 02:14:42,826
hvem vi havde ikke de faciliteter til at dræbe.
964
02:14:48,707 --> 02:14:54,045
Disse herrer var i et kapløb for at rense ud i Warszawa ghettoen.
965
02:14:57,382 --> 02:15:01,386
De gaskamre ikke kunne klare belastningen.
966
02:15:01,470 --> 02:15:04,014
De små gaskamre.
967
02:15:20,697 --> 02:15:24,284
Jøderne måtte vente på deres tur
968
02:15:24,367 --> 02:15:28,872
for en dag, 2 dage, 3 dage.
969
02:15:35,170 --> 02:15:37,547
De forudså, hvad der ville komme.
970
02:15:38,673 --> 02:15:41,218
De forudså det.
971
02:15:42,552 --> 02:15:47,891
De kan ikke have været sikker, men mange vidste.
972
02:15:52,729 --> 02:15:57,317
Der var jødiske kvinder
973
02:15:57,859 --> 02:16:01,655
der skåret deres døtres håndled natten,
974
02:16:01,905 --> 02:16:05,242
derefter skæres deres egne.
975
02:16:06,034 --> 02:16:08,745
Andre forgiftede sig selv.
976
02:16:10,038 --> 02:16:15,585
De hørte motoren fodring gaskammeret.
977
02:16:18,713 --> 02:16:23,301
En tank motor blev anvendt i det gaskammer.
978
02:16:25,095 --> 02:16:30,642
Hos Treblinka, den eneste anvendte gas var motorens udstødning.
979
02:16:31,101 --> 02:16:33,520
Zyklon gas, der var Auschwitz.
980
02:16:40,277 --> 02:16:44,114
På grund af forsinkelsen,
981
02:16:44,865 --> 02:16:49,661
Eberl, lejren kommandant,
982
02:16:50,620 --> 02:16:54,958
Ringede Lublin og sagde,
983
02:16:55,709 --> 02:16:59,880
”Vi kan ikke gå på denne måde. Jeg kan ikke gøre det længere.
984
02:16:59,963 --> 02:17:04,175
Vi er nødt til at afbryde.”
985
02:17:04,259 --> 02:17:07,971
Overnight, Wirth ankom.
986
02:17:09,097 --> 02:17:12,851
Han inspicerede alt og derefter til venstre.
987
02:17:12,934 --> 02:17:17,063
Han vendte tilbage med folk fra Belzec,
988
02:17:17,147 --> 02:17:19,482
eksperter.
989
02:17:20,650 --> 02:17:25,280
Wirth indrettet til at suspendere togene.
990
02:17:27,824 --> 02:17:33,288
Ligene ligger der blev ryddet væk.
991
02:17:34,331 --> 02:17:38,960
Det var den periode, de gamle gaskamre.
992
02:17:39,502 --> 02:17:44,591
Because there were so many dead
993
02:17:44,674 --> 02:17:47,427
that couldn't be gotten rid of,
994
02:17:48,011 --> 02:17:52,265
for days and days,
995
02:17:53,600 --> 02:17:58,688
the bodies piled up around the gas chambers.
996
02:17:59,981 --> 02:18:04,361
Under this pile of bodies was a cesspool:
997
02:18:05,111 --> 02:18:09,699
3 inches deep, full of blood, worms...
998
02:18:11,326 --> 02:18:13,536
and shit.
999
02:18:15,747 --> 02:18:18,833
- Where? - In front of the gas chamber.
1000
02:18:21,461 --> 02:18:24,297
No one wanted to clean it out.
1001
02:18:24,381 --> 02:18:28,426
The Jews preferred to be shot
1002
02:18:29,552 --> 02:18:32,389
rather than work there.
1003
02:18:33,056 --> 02:18:35,558
Preferred to be shot?
1004
02:18:38,395 --> 02:18:44,317
It was awful. Burying their own people, seeing it all...
1005
02:18:44,401 --> 02:18:48,738
The dead flesh came off in their hands.
1006
02:18:49,864 --> 02:18:52,951
So Wirth went there himself
1007
02:18:53,994 --> 02:18:56,538
with a few Germans
1008
02:18:57,747 --> 02:19:01,751
and had long belts rigged up
1009
02:19:02,210 --> 02:19:06,798
that were wrapped around the dead torsos to pull them...
1010
02:19:06,881 --> 02:19:09,342
- Who did that? - SS men.
1011
02:19:09,426 --> 02:19:11,511
- Wirth? - SS men and Jews.
1012
02:19:11,594 --> 02:19:13,388
SS men and Jews!
1013
02:19:14,180 --> 02:19:15,849
Jews too?
1014
02:19:15,932 --> 02:19:18,101
Jews too!
1015
02:19:20,061 --> 02:19:23,314
What did the Germans do?
1016
02:19:23,398 --> 02:19:26,860
They forced the Jews to...
1017
02:19:26,943 --> 02:19:29,195
They beat them?
1018
02:19:29,279 --> 02:19:34,701
Or they themselves helped with the cleanup.
1019
02:19:34,784 --> 02:19:37,620
Which Germans did that?
1020
02:19:39,122 --> 02:19:45,295
Some of our guards who were assigned up there.
1021
02:19:47,964 --> 02:19:49,507
The Germans themselves?
1022
02:19:49,591 --> 02:19:52,677
They had to.
1023
02:19:53,136 --> 02:19:54,596
They were in command!
1024
02:19:54,679 --> 02:20:00,143
They were in command, but they were also commanded.
1025
02:20:00,226 --> 02:20:03,646
I think the Jews did it.
1026
02:20:04,898 --> 02:20:10,820
In that case, the Germans had to lend a hand.
1027
02:20:12,655 --> 02:20:16,701
THE BLACK EXECUTION WALL IN THE COURTYARD OF BLOCK II
1028
02:20:18,828 --> 02:20:22,957
AT AUSCHWITZ I, THE ORIGINAL CAMP
1029
02:20:25,752 --> 02:20:29,756
Filip, on that Sunday in May 1942,
1030
02:20:29,839 --> 02:20:36,471
when you first entered the Auschwitz crematorium,
1031
02:20:36,554 --> 02:20:38,348
how old were you?
1032
02:20:39,432 --> 02:20:41,226
Twenty.
1033
02:20:48,691 --> 02:20:51,694
It was a Sunday in May.
1034
02:20:59,369 --> 02:21:04,749
We were locked in an underground cell in Block 11.
1035
02:21:06,292 --> 02:21:09,045
We were held in secret.
1036
02:21:13,341 --> 02:21:17,053
Then some SS men appeared
1037
02:21:18,888 --> 02:21:23,726
and marched us along a street in the camp.
1038
02:21:33,987 --> 02:21:38,074
We went through a gate,
1039
02:21:44,539 --> 02:21:47,292
and around 300 feet away,
1040
02:21:48,251 --> 02:21:50,753
300 feet from the gate,
1041
02:21:51,337 --> 02:21:54,757
I suddenly saw a building.
1042
02:21:55,091 --> 02:22:00,805
It had a flat roof, and a smokestack.
1043
02:22:09,689 --> 02:22:12,775
I saw a door in the rear.
1044
02:22:16,613 --> 02:22:22,285
I thought they were taking us to be shot.
1045
02:22:24,579 --> 02:22:27,707
FILIP MULLER - TJEKKIET JEW
1046
02:22:27,790 --> 02:22:32,670
Survivor af de 5 konkurser i Auschwitz ”særlige detaljer”
1047
02:22:35,590 --> 02:22:39,469
Pludselig før en dør
1048
02:22:40,637 --> 02:22:46,309
under en lampe i midten af denne bygning,
1049
02:22:46,392 --> 02:22:51,522
en ung SS mand fortalte os,
1050
02:22:51,606 --> 02:22:54,734
”Indenfor beskidte svin!”
1051
02:22:54,817 --> 02:22:58,488
Vi gik ind i en korridor.
1052
02:22:59,781 --> 02:23:02,659
De kørte os langs det.
1053
02:23:14,337 --> 02:23:20,343
Straks, stanken, røgen kvalte mig.
1054
02:23:29,978 --> 02:23:32,689
De holdt på jagter os,
1055
02:23:33,982 --> 02:23:38,361
og så jeg lavet de figurer
1056
02:23:39,362 --> 02:23:42,865
af de to første ovne.
1057
02:23:47,996 --> 02:23:52,583
Mellem ovnene, blev nogle jødiske fanger arbejder.
1058
02:23:58,339 --> 02:24:03,428
Vi var i krematoriet s forbrændingskammeret
1059
02:24:03,886 --> 02:24:06,723
in Camp I at Auschwitz.
1060
02:24:13,229 --> 02:24:14,731
Derfra,
1061
02:24:15,231 --> 02:24:21,321
de stuves os til et andet stort rum,
1062
02:24:25,575 --> 02:24:30,872
og fortalte os at klæde ligene.
1063
02:24:33,583 --> 02:24:36,044
Jeg kiggede mig omkring.
1064
02:24:39,172 --> 02:24:42,759
Der var hundredvis af organer,
1065
02:24:44,177 --> 02:24:46,554
alle klædt.
1066
02:24:48,222 --> 02:24:50,975
Stablet med ligene
1067
02:24:52,268 --> 02:24:55,313
var kufferter, bundter
1068
02:24:56,022 --> 02:24:58,107
og, spredt overalt,
1069
02:24:58,691 --> 02:25:02,820
mærkeligt, blålig-lilla krystaller.
1070
02:25:02,904 --> 02:25:06,157
I couldn't understand any of it.
1071
02:25:13,456 --> 02:25:19,379
It was like a blow to the head... as if you'd been stunned.
1072
02:25:19,629 --> 02:25:22,882
I didn't even know where I was.
1073
02:25:22,965 --> 02:25:25,635
Above all, I couldn't understand
1074
02:25:25,718 --> 02:25:29,972
how they managed to kill so many people at once.
1075
02:25:32,725 --> 02:25:36,187
When we undressed some of them,
1076
02:25:36,270 --> 02:25:40,149
the order was given to feed the ovens.
1077
02:25:44,654 --> 02:25:49,325
Suddenly, an SS man rushed up and told me,
1078
02:25:49,409 --> 02:25:52,787
“Get out of here! Go stir the bodies!”
1079
02:25:53,162 --> 02:25:55,164
What did he mean,
1080
02:25:55,248 --> 02:25:57,625
“Stir the bodies”?
1081
02:25:58,167 --> 02:26:02,755
I entered the cremation chamber.
1082
02:26:02,839 --> 02:26:07,468
There was a Jewish prisoner,
1083
02:26:07,552 --> 02:26:11,639
Fischel, who later became a squad leader.
1084
02:26:12,140 --> 02:26:13,891
He looked at me,
1085
02:26:14,559 --> 02:26:21,065
and I watched him poke the fire with a long rod.
1086
02:26:21,649 --> 02:26:25,403
He told me, “Do as I'm doing
1087
02:26:25,486 --> 02:26:28,656
or the SS Will kill you.”
1088
02:26:29,282 --> 02:26:32,869
I picked up a poker
1089
02:26:32,952 --> 02:26:35,663
and did as he was doing.
1090
02:26:35,746 --> 02:26:38,082
A poker?
1091
02:26:38,166 --> 02:26:40,126
A steel poker.
1092
02:26:41,210 --> 02:26:44,630
I obeyed Fischel's order.
1093
02:26:44,714 --> 02:26:49,760
At that point I was in shock as if I'd been hypnotized,
1094
02:26:50,511 --> 02:26:56,309
ready to do
1095
02:26:56,392 --> 02:26:58,895
whatever I was told.
1096
02:26:58,978 --> 02:27:05,693
I was so mindless, so horrified
1097
02:27:05,776 --> 02:27:13,868
that I did everything Fischel told me.
1098
02:27:14,410 --> 02:27:17,413
So the ovens were fed,
1099
02:27:18,164 --> 02:27:21,959
but we were so inexperienced
1100
02:27:23,002 --> 02:27:31,469
that we left the fans on too long.
1101
02:27:31,719 --> 02:27:34,764
- The fans? - Yes.
1102
02:27:34,847 --> 02:27:39,143
There were fans to make the fire hotter.
1103
02:27:39,602 --> 02:27:43,523
They worked too long...
1104
02:27:43,606 --> 02:27:48,903
The firebrick suddenly exploded,
1105
02:27:49,904 --> 02:27:55,117
blocking the pipes
1106
02:27:55,201 --> 02:27:58,621
linking the Auschwitz crematorium
1107
02:27:59,413 --> 02:28:02,708
with the smokestack.
1108
02:28:04,627 --> 02:28:08,839
Cremation was interrupted.
1109
02:28:09,465 --> 02:28:13,135
The ovens were out of action.
1110
02:28:15,721 --> 02:28:20,184
That evening, some trucks came,
1111
02:28:20,601 --> 02:28:22,895
and we had to load the rest,
1112
02:28:22,979 --> 02:28:26,065
some 300 bodies,
1113
02:28:26,148 --> 02:28:29,068
into the trucks.
1114
02:28:29,151 --> 02:28:34,156
Then we were taken...
1115
02:28:36,158 --> 02:28:39,245
I still don't know where...
1116
02:28:39,328 --> 02:28:44,292
but probably to a field at Birkenau.
1117
02:28:48,588 --> 02:28:55,011
We were ordered to unload the bodies
1118
02:28:55,344 --> 02:29:01,726
and put them in a pit.
1119
02:29:02,310 --> 02:29:06,272
There was a ditch, an artificial pit.
1120
02:29:06,355 --> 02:29:09,900
Suddenly, water gushed up from underground
1121
02:29:09,984 --> 02:29:13,195
and swept the bodies down.
1122
02:29:18,659 --> 02:29:23,581
When night came, we had to stop that horrible work.
1123
02:29:24,540 --> 02:29:27,043
We were loaded into the trucks
1124
02:29:27,126 --> 02:29:31,547
and returned to Auschwitz.
1125
02:29:36,177 --> 02:29:37,845
The next day,
1126
02:29:38,137 --> 02:29:44,769
we were taken to the same place.
1127
02:29:52,568 --> 02:29:55,571
But the water had risen.
1128
02:29:57,239 --> 02:30:01,118
Some SS men came with a fire truck
1129
02:30:01,202 --> 02:30:04,705
and pumped out the water.
1130
02:30:05,956 --> 02:30:10,002
We had to go down into that muddy pit
1131
02:30:10,086 --> 02:30:13,798
to stack up the bodies.
1132
02:30:17,093 --> 02:30:18,844
But they were slimy.
1133
02:30:18,928 --> 02:30:23,349
For example, I grasped a woman,
1134
02:30:23,432 --> 02:30:25,768
but her hands...
1135
02:30:25,851 --> 02:30:28,187
Her hand was slippery, slimy.
1136
02:30:28,270 --> 02:30:30,856
I tried to pull her,
1137
02:30:30,940 --> 02:30:37,613
but I fell over backward, into the water, the mud.
1138
02:30:39,198 --> 02:30:41,701
It was the same for all of us.
1139
02:30:41,784 --> 02:30:47,873
Up above, at the edge of the pit, Aumeyer and Grabner yelled,
1140
02:30:47,957 --> 02:30:51,961
“Get cracking, you filth, you bastards!
1141
02:30:52,044 --> 02:30:56,716
We'll show you, you bunch of shits!”
1142
02:30:56,799 --> 02:30:59,969
These were the names they were calling us.
1143
02:31:00,302 --> 02:31:02,138
And in these...
1144
02:31:07,768 --> 02:31:10,354
how shall I say? ...circumstances,
1145
02:31:11,731 --> 02:31:16,652
2 of my “friends” couldn't take any more.
1146
02:31:16,736 --> 02:31:19,488
One was a French student.
1147
02:31:21,490 --> 02:31:24,785
All Jews! They were exhausted.
1148
02:31:30,666 --> 02:31:33,836
They just lay there...
1149
02:31:34,670 --> 02:31:37,590
in the mud.
1150
02:31:37,840 --> 02:31:41,761
Aumeyer called one of his SS men.
1151
02:31:41,844 --> 02:31:45,681
“Go on, finish off those swine!”
1152
02:31:48,642 --> 02:31:53,189
They were exhausted. And they were shot in the pit.
1153
02:31:59,153 --> 02:32:04,533
There was no crematorium at Birkenau then?
1154
02:32:05,242 --> 02:32:09,705
No, there weren't any there yet.
1155
02:32:11,373 --> 02:32:14,376
Birkenau var stadig ikke helt sat op.
1156
02:32:14,877 --> 02:32:20,299
Kun Camp BI, som var de sene kvindernes lejr, eksisterede.
1157
02:32:26,680 --> 02:32:30,476
Det var først i foråret 1943
1158
02:32:30,559 --> 02:32:36,065
at faglærte håndværkere og ufaglærte arbejdere, alle jøder,
1159
02:32:36,148 --> 02:32:38,734
skal være gået til at arbejde her
1160
02:32:38,818 --> 02:32:42,029
og byggede 4 krematorium.
1161
02:32:45,574 --> 02:32:48,786
Hver krematoriet havde 15 ovne,
1162
02:32:49,912 --> 02:32:54,750
et stort klæde rum, omkring 3.000 kvadratfod,
1163
02:32:55,584 --> 02:32:57,837
og en stor gaskammer
1164
02:32:57,920 --> 02:33:02,550
hvor op til 3.000 personer på én gang kunne gasset.
1165
02:33:05,261 --> 02:33:06,720
Treblinka
1166
02:33:06,804 --> 02:33:12,101
De nye gaskamre blev bygget i september 1942.
1167
02:33:12,601 --> 02:33:14,937
Hvem byggede dem?
1168
02:33:15,437 --> 02:33:23,195
Hackenhold og Lambert overvåget de jøder, der gjorde arbejdet,
1169
02:33:23,445 --> 02:33:25,990
den murerarbejde, mindst.
1170
02:33:27,449 --> 02:33:33,747
Ukrainsk tømrere gjorde dørene.
1171
02:33:35,583 --> 02:33:39,295
Gaskammeret døre selv
1172
02:33:39,378 --> 02:33:43,507
blev pansrede bunker døre.
1173
02:33:43,591 --> 02:33:47,511
Jeg tror, de blev bragt fra Bialystok,
1174
02:33:47,595 --> 02:33:50,180
fra nogle russiske bunkers.
1175
02:33:53,851 --> 02:33:55,936
FRANZ SUCHOMEL
1176
02:33:56,020 --> 02:34:00,190
Hvad var kapaciteten på de nye gaskamre?
1177
02:34:00,274 --> 02:34:02,901
Der var 2 af dem, ikke? - Ja.
1178
02:34:02,985 --> 02:34:09,158
Men de gamle ikke var blevet revet ned.
1179
02:34:10,659 --> 02:34:14,955
Når der var en masse af tog, en masse mennesker,
1180
02:34:15,039 --> 02:34:18,584
de gamle ovne blev sat i drift igen.
1181
02:34:20,419 --> 02:34:25,799
Og her ... jøderne sige der var 5 på hver side.
1182
02:34:26,050 --> 02:34:28,260
Jeg siger, at der var 4,
1183
02:34:28,510 --> 02:34:30,763
men jeg er ikke sikker.
1184
02:34:30,846 --> 02:34:34,350
Under alle omstændigheder kun den øverste række,
1185
02:34:36,060 --> 02:34:37,978
på denne side,
1186
02:34:38,854 --> 02:34:41,815
var i aktion.
1187
02:34:41,899 --> 02:34:44,276
Hvorfor ikke den anden side?
1188
02:34:44,360 --> 02:34:51,075
Bortskaffelse af de organer, ville have været alt for kompliceret.
1189
02:34:51,784 --> 02:34:53,285
- For langt? - Ja.
1190
02:34:53,369 --> 02:34:59,208
Deroppe, Wirth havde bygget dødslejr,
1191
02:34:59,750 --> 02:35:06,256
tildele en detalje af jødiske arbejdere til det.
1192
02:35:07,049 --> 02:35:10,678
Den detalje havde et fast antal i det,
1193
02:35:10,761 --> 02:35:13,931
omkring 200 mennesker,
1194
02:35:17,101 --> 02:35:21,188
der arbejdede kun i dødslejr.
1195
02:35:21,271 --> 02:35:25,943
Men hvad var kapaciteten i de nye gaskamre?
1196
02:35:27,111 --> 02:35:30,614
De nye gaskamre ... Lad os se ...
1197
02:35:31,448 --> 02:35:36,120
De kunne slutte 3.000 mennesker i to timer.
1198
02:35:38,831 --> 02:35:43,836
Hvor mange mennesker på én gang i en enkelt gaskammer?
1199
02:35:44,128 --> 02:35:47,297
Jeg kan ikke sige præcist.
1200
02:35:47,381 --> 02:35:49,758
Jøderne siger 200.
1201
02:35:50,300 --> 02:35:53,178
- 200? - Det er rigtigt, 200.
1202
02:35:54,430 --> 02:36:00,185
Forestil dig et værelse denne størrelse.
1203
02:36:00,269 --> 02:36:02,396
De sætter mere ind på Auschwitz.
1204
02:36:02,646 --> 02:36:05,149
Auschwitz var en fabrik!
1205
02:36:07,109 --> 02:36:09,403
Og Treblinka?
1206
02:36:09,820 --> 02:36:12,823
Jeg vil give dig min definition.
1207
02:36:13,657 --> 02:36:15,367
Keep this in mind:
1208
02:36:15,451 --> 02:36:20,998
Treblinka was a primitive,
1209
02:36:21,665 --> 02:36:27,921
but efficient production line of death.
1210
02:36:28,255 --> 02:36:31,049
- A production line? - Of death.
1211
02:36:32,009 --> 02:36:34,178
Understand? - Yes.
1212
02:36:38,515 --> 02:36:42,978
But primitive...? - Primitive, yes.
1213
02:36:43,854 --> 02:36:48,776
But it worked well, that production line of death.
1214
02:36:49,026 --> 02:36:52,237
Was Belzec even more rudimentary?
1215
02:36:52,321 --> 02:36:55,741
Belzec was the laboratory.
1216
02:36:55,824 --> 02:37:00,204
Wirth was camp commandant.
1217
02:37:01,538 --> 02:37:06,210
He tried everything imaginable there.
1218
02:37:07,211 --> 02:37:10,756
He got off on the wrong foot.
1219
02:37:10,839 --> 02:37:12,841
The pits were overflowing,
1220
02:37:12,925 --> 02:37:18,680
and the cesspool seeped out in front of the SS mess hall.
1221
02:37:18,764 --> 02:37:20,432
It stank...
1222
02:37:21,433 --> 02:37:24,812
in front of the mess-hall, in front of their barracks.
1223
02:37:25,229 --> 02:37:28,065
- Were you at Belzec? - No.
1224
02:37:28,690 --> 02:37:31,735
Wirth with his own men.
1225
02:37:32,361 --> 02:37:35,322
With Franz, with Oberhauser
1226
02:37:35,906 --> 02:37:37,658
and Hackenhold...
1227
02:37:37,741 --> 02:37:39,743
he tried everything there.
1228
02:37:40,744 --> 02:37:47,000
Those 3 had to put the bodies in the pits themselves
1229
02:37:48,043 --> 02:37:53,924
so that Wirth could see how much space he needed.
1230
02:37:54,925 --> 02:37:58,095
And when they rebelled...
1231
02:37:58,512 --> 02:37:59,721
Franz refused...
1232
02:37:59,805 --> 02:38:02,808
Wirth beat Franz with a whip.
1233
02:38:02,891 --> 02:38:05,644
He whipped Hackenhold, too. You see?
1234
02:38:05,727 --> 02:38:08,146
- Kurt Franz? - Kurt Franz.
1235
02:38:10,065 --> 02:38:11,567
That's how Wirth was.
1236
02:38:11,650 --> 02:38:15,279
Then, with that experience behind him,
1237
02:38:16,697 --> 02:38:18,282
he came to Treblinka.
1238
02:39:58,006 --> 02:40:05,055
Excuse me. How many quarts of beer a day do you sell?
1239
02:40:07,849 --> 02:40:10,102
You can't tell me?
1240
02:40:12,229 --> 02:40:15,899
Jeg vil helst ikke. Jeg har mine grunde.
1241
02:40:16,233 --> 02:40:17,734
Men hvorfor ikke?
1242
02:40:18,568 --> 02:40:20,696
Two Pilsners.
1243
02:40:24,866 --> 02:40:31,123
Hvor mange Potter øl om dagen sælger du?
1244
02:40:33,208 --> 02:40:35,836
- Gå på, så fortæl ham. - Fortæl ham hvad?
1245
02:40:35,919 --> 02:40:39,089
Bare fortæl ham cirka.
1246
02:40:39,339 --> 02:40:42,801
Hvor mange Potter øl om dagen sælger du?
1247
02:40:42,884 --> 02:40:44,011
400, 500/4.
1248
02:40:44,094 --> 02:40:46,722
- Hvad? - 400, 500 quarts.
1249
02:40:49,266 --> 02:40:50,809
Det er en del!
1250
02:40:57,274 --> 02:41:00,152
Har du arbejdet her længe?
1251
02:41:01,611 --> 02:41:04,406
Omkring 20 år.
1252
02:41:06,450 --> 02:41:09,745
- Hvorfor gemmer du dig ... - Jeg har mine grunde.
1253
02:41:09,828 --> 02:41:12,998
- Dit ansigt? - Jeg har mine grunde.
1254
02:41:13,248 --> 02:41:15,167
Hvad grunde?
1255
02:41:17,169 --> 02:41:20,338
- Glem det. - Hvorfor ikke?
1256
02:41:33,643 --> 02:41:35,812
Genkender du denne mand?
1257
02:41:38,356 --> 02:41:39,649
Ingen?
1258
02:41:39,983 --> 02:41:41,777
Christian Wirth?
1259
02:41:41,860 --> 02:41:43,653
Mr. Oberhauser!
1260
02:41:44,154 --> 02:41:46,073
Kan du huske Belzec?
1261
02:41:47,365 --> 02:41:49,993
Ingen erindringer om Belzec?
1262
02:41:57,834 --> 02:42:05,175
Af de over fl grund grave?
1263
02:42:16,228 --> 02:42:18,188
Du behøver ikke huske?
1264
02:42:24,361 --> 02:42:29,241
MÜNCHEN
1265
02:42:38,208 --> 02:42:40,669
WUPPERTALI ANTON spytte,
1266
02:42:40,877 --> 02:42:45,132
German state prosecutor at the Treblinka trial (Frankfurt, 1960)
1267
02:42:50,720 --> 02:42:55,934
When the Action itself first got under way,
1268
02:42:56,017 --> 02:42:59,062
it was almost totally improvised.
1269
02:43:02,232 --> 02:43:06,778
At Treblinka, for example,
1270
02:43:06,862 --> 02:43:11,950
the commandant, Dr. Eberl, let more trains come in
1271
02:43:12,033 --> 02:43:16,580
than the camp could handle.
1272
02:43:17,205 --> 02:43:19,291
It was a disaster!
1273
02:43:19,374 --> 02:43:21,501
Mountains of corpses!
1274
02:43:22,085 --> 02:43:27,007
Word of this foul-up
1275
02:43:27,090 --> 02:43:31,178
reached the head of the Reinhard Action,
1276
02:43:31,261 --> 02:43:34,681
00770 G/oboczn/k, in Lub//n.
1277
02:43:34,764 --> 02:43:37,559
He went to Treblinka
1278
02:43:37,642 --> 02:43:42,522
to see what was happening.
1279
02:43:42,606 --> 02:43:46,693
There's a very concrete account of the trip
1280
02:43:46,776 --> 02:43:50,864
by his former driver, Oberhauser.
1281
02:43:50,947 --> 02:43:53,992
Globocznik arrived on a hot day in August.
1282
02:43:54,075 --> 02:43:59,080
The camp was permeated
1283
02:44:00,081 --> 02:44:03,877
with the stench of rotting flesh.
1284
02:44:03,960 --> 02:44:10,800
Globocznik didn't even bother to enter the camp.
1285
02:44:10,884 --> 02:44:13,762
He stopped here, before the commandant's office,
1286
02:44:13,845 --> 02:44:15,931
sent for Dr. Eberl
1287
02:44:16,014 --> 02:44:20,435
and greeted him with these words,
1288
02:44:20,518 --> 02:44:24,648
“How dare you accept so many every day
1289
02:44:24,731 --> 02:44:27,734
when you can only process 3,000?”
1290
02:44:35,992 --> 02:44:38,745
Operations were suspended,
1291
02:44:39,371 --> 02:44:42,874
Eberl was transferred and Wirth came,
1292
02:44:44,167 --> 02:44:46,920
followed immediately by Stangl,
1293
02:44:48,213 --> 02:44:52,384
and the camp was completely reorganized.
1294
02:45:02,102 --> 02:45:06,231
The Reinhard Action covered 3 extermination camps."
1295
02:45:06,314 --> 02:45:09,859
Treblinka, Sobibor and Belzec.
1296
02:45:10,235 --> 02:45:15,073
There's also talk of 3 death camps on the Bug River,
1297
02:45:15,156 --> 02:45:19,369
for they were all located on or near the Bug.
1298
02:45:23,665 --> 02:45:27,544
The gas chambers were the heart of the camp.
1299
02:45:29,504 --> 02:45:32,007
They were built first,
1300
02:45:32,382 --> 02:45:36,052
in the woods, or in a field, as at Treblinka.
1301
02:45:36,720 --> 02:45:41,725
The gas chambers were the only stone buildings.
1302
02:45:42,517 --> 02:45:46,062
All the others were wooden sheds.
1303
02:45:46,563 --> 02:45:50,066
These camps weren't built to last.
1304
02:45:51,401 --> 02:45:56,156
Himmler was in a huny to begin the 'final solution. ”
1305
02:45:56,239 --> 02:46:00,535
The Germans had to capitalize on their eastward advance
1306
02:46:00,618 --> 02:46:02,829
and use this remote back-country
1307
02:46:02,912 --> 02:46:10,295
to carry out their mass murder as secretly as possible.
1308
02:46:15,383 --> 02:46:17,969
So at first they couldn't manage the perfection
1309
02:46:18,053 --> 02:46:21,139
they achieved 3 months later.
1310
02:46:38,156 --> 02:46:40,950
Near the end of March 1942,
1311
02:46:47,165 --> 02:46:51,252
sizeable groups of Jews were herded here,
1312
02:46:51,336 --> 02:46:53,463
groups of 50 to 100 people.
1313
02:46:58,927 --> 02:47:00,970
Several trains arrived
1314
02:47:08,269 --> 02:47:12,232
with sections of barracks, with posts, barbed wire, bricks...
1315
02:47:19,656 --> 02:47:23,535
og konstruktion af lejren som sådan begyndte.
1316
02:47:35,213 --> 02:47:37,507
Jøderne losset disse biler
1317
02:47:42,345 --> 02:47:45,682
og kørte de dele af kasernen til lejren.
1318
02:47:54,858 --> 02:47:58,611
Tyskerne gjorde dem arbejde ekstremt hurtigt.
1319
02:48:09,831 --> 02:48:13,376
Da vi så tempoet de arbejdede på ...
1320
02:48:21,718 --> 02:48:24,095
Det var yderst brutal.
1321
02:48:32,604 --> 02:48:36,816
Da vi så det komplekse væsen bygget, og hegnet,
1322
02:48:37,066 --> 02:48:40,153
der, trods alt, lukket et stort rum,
1323
02:48:48,203 --> 02:48:52,207
Vi indså, at hvad tyskerne byggede
1324
02:48:52,290 --> 02:48:55,001
var ikke meningen at støtten menneskeheden.
1325
02:49:05,261 --> 02:49:07,555
Tidligt i juni,
1326
02:49:14,604 --> 02:49:16,773
den første konvoj ankom.
1327
02:49:20,360 --> 02:49:22,946
Jeg vil sige, der var over 40 biler.
1328
02:49:28,910 --> 02:49:32,664
Med konvojen var SS mænd i sorte uniformer.
1329
02:49:37,126 --> 02:49:40,922
Det skete en eftermiddag. Han havde netop færdige arbejde.
1330
02:49:41,005 --> 02:49:45,176
JAN Piwoński
1331
02:49:45,677 --> 02:49:48,972
Men han fik på sin cykel og gik hjem.
1332
02:49:50,056 --> 02:49:51,474
Hvorfor?
1333
02:50:03,528 --> 02:50:05,363
Jeg troede blot
1334
02:50:06,197 --> 02:50:09,909
disse mennesker var kommet til at bygge lejren,
1335
02:50:10,618 --> 02:50:12,662
som de andre havde før dem.
1336
02:50:14,372 --> 02:50:15,999
At konvoj ...
1337
02:50:17,542 --> 02:50:21,004
Der var ingen mulighed for at vide, at det var ...
1338
02:50:25,008 --> 02:50:27,176
den første øremærket til udryddelse.
1339
02:50:28,595 --> 02:50:30,179
Udover,
1340
02:50:31,180 --> 02:50:34,517
Han kunne ikke have vidst, at Sobibor
1341
02:50:36,185 --> 02:50:40,857
ville være et sted for masseudryddelse af jøderne.
1342
02:50:51,284 --> 02:50:55,747
Den næste morgen, da jeg kom her til arbejde,
1343
02:50:55,997 --> 02:51:00,043
stationen var absolut tavs,
1344
02:51:24,692 --> 02:51:29,113
og vi indså,
1345
02:51:29,197 --> 02:51:34,911
efter at have talt med de polakker, der arbejdede på stationen her,
1346
02:51:36,746 --> 02:51:41,459
at noget aldeles uforståeligt var sket.
1347
02:51:47,590 --> 02:51:50,426
Først og fremmest, når lejren blev bygget,
1348
02:51:56,599 --> 02:51:58,851
der var ordrer råbte på tysk,
1349
02:51:59,310 --> 02:52:01,020
der var skrig,
1350
02:52:02,230 --> 02:52:05,983
Jøderne arbejdede på flugt, der var skud,
1351
02:52:06,818 --> 02:52:09,946
og her var der at tavshed,
1352
02:52:15,284 --> 02:52:17,286
ingen arbejde besætninger,
1353
02:52:20,790 --> 02:52:22,959
en rigtig total tavshed.
1354
02:52:31,175 --> 02:52:34,971
40 biler var ankommet, og så ... ingenting.
1355
02:52:35,179 --> 02:52:37,974
Det var alle meget mærkeligt.
1356
02:52:39,308 --> 02:52:41,561
Det var den tavshed, som tippede dem væk?
1357
02:52:41,644 --> 02:52:42,895
Det er rigtigt.
1358
02:52:42,979 --> 02:52:44,981
Kan han beskrive, at tavshed?
1359
02:52:47,650 --> 02:52:49,485
Det var en stilhed ...
1360
02:52:50,611 --> 02:52:54,741
Intet foregik i lejren. Du hørte intet.
1361
02:52:54,824 --> 02:52:56,659
Intet flyttet.
1362
02:53:03,499 --> 02:53:06,502
Så begyndte de at undre sig,
1363
02:53:09,922 --> 02:53:13,217
”Hvor har de lagt de jøder?”
1364
02:53:17,930 --> 02:53:22,852
Celle 13, Felt 11 i Auschwitz 1,
1365
02:53:22,935 --> 02:53:26,355
er der, hvor det særlige Arbejde Detail blev afholdt.
1366
02:53:28,441 --> 02:53:32,028
Cellen blev under jorden, isoleret.
1367
02:53:32,987 --> 02:53:36,407
For vi var ...
1368
02:53:37,950 --> 02:53:39,994
”Bærere af hemmeligheder,”
1369
02:53:41,496 --> 02:53:43,873
vi blev benådet døde.
1370
02:53:45,875 --> 02:53:49,003
Vi fik ikke lov til at tale med nogen,
1371
02:53:49,212 --> 02:53:52,006
eller kontakt et fange,
1372
02:53:52,548 --> 02:53:55,468
udjævne SS.
1373
02:53:55,718 --> 02:53:59,931
Kun dem, der står for ”Action”.
1374
02:54:03,935 --> 02:54:06,062
Der var et vindue.
1375
02:54:06,896 --> 02:54:10,525
Vi hørte, hvad der skete i gården.
1376
02:54:12,235 --> 02:54:14,487
De henrettelser,
1377
02:54:15,530 --> 02:54:18,783
ofrenes skrig, skrigene,
1378
02:54:19,492 --> 02:54:21,661
men vi kunne ikke se noget.
1379
02:54:27,542 --> 02:54:30,127
Dette stod på i flere dage.
1380
02:54:31,504 --> 02:54:35,591
En nat en SS mand kom
1381
02:54:36,509 --> 02:54:38,719
fra den politiske sektion.
1382
02:54:40,513 --> 02:54:46,227
Det var omkring 04:00
1383
02:54:50,439 --> 02:54:55,736
Hele lejren var stadig sover.
1384
02:54:58,281 --> 02:55:01,158
Der var ikke en lyd i lejren.
1385
02:55:09,625 --> 02:55:14,881
Vi blev igen taget ud af vores celle
1386
02:55:16,924 --> 02:55:19,802
og førte til krematoriet.
1387
02:55:25,182 --> 02:55:29,061
Der, for første gang, jeg så den anvendte procedure
1388
02:55:29,145 --> 02:55:33,274
med dem, der kom i live.
1389
02:55:34,400 --> 02:55:36,569
Vi blev stillet op ad en væg
1390
02:55:36,652 --> 02:55:40,531
og vide, ”Ingen kan tale med disse mennesker.”
1391
02:55:44,493 --> 02:55:49,582
Pludselig trædør til krematoriet gården åbnet,
1392
02:55:49,665 --> 02:55:55,463
og 250 til 300 personer arkiveres i:
1393
02:55:55,546 --> 02:55:58,841
ældre, og kvinder.
1394
02:56:01,177 --> 02:56:04,972
De bar bundter, bar Davidsstjerne.
1395
02:56:06,974 --> 02:56:09,685
Selv på afstand, kunne jeg fortælle
1396
02:56:09,769 --> 02:56:13,314
de var polske jøder,
1397
02:56:14,899 --> 02:56:18,486
sandsynligvis fra Øvre Schlesien,
1398
02:56:18,694 --> 02:56:23,699
fra Sosnowiec ghetto, omkring 20 miles fra Auschwitz.
1399
02:56:25,910 --> 02:56:27,286
FILIP MULLER
1400
02:56:27,370 --> 02:56:32,583
Jeg fangede nogle af de ting, de sagde.
1401
02:56:33,709 --> 02:56:35,544
I heard “fachowitz,”
1402
02:56:35,628 --> 02:56:38,047
meaning “skilled worker.”
1403
02:56:38,464 --> 02:56:41,384
And “Malach-ha-Mavis,”
1404
02:56:42,134 --> 02:56:45,179
which means “the angel of death” in Yiddish.
1405
02:56:47,974 --> 02:56:51,268
Also, “harginnen”: “They're going to kill us.”
1406
02:56:54,730 --> 02:56:58,651
From what I could hear,
1407
02:56:58,901 --> 02:57:03,155
I clearly understood the struggle going on inside them.
1408
02:57:03,406 --> 02:57:05,658
Sometimes they spoke of work
1409
02:57:05,741 --> 02:57:10,246
probably hoping that they'd be put to work.
1410
02:57:11,414 --> 02:57:15,751
Or they spoke of “Malach-ha-Mavis,” the angel of death.
1411
02:57:17,336 --> 02:57:21,590
De modstridende ord lød konflikten i deres følelser.
1412
02:57:22,341 --> 02:57:25,886
Derefter en pludselig stilhed
1413
02:57:26,429 --> 02:57:30,683
faldt over dem samlet i krematoriet gården.
1414
02:57:33,310 --> 02:57:36,439
Alle øjne konvergerede
1415
02:57:37,189 --> 02:57:40,735
på flade tag krematoriet.
1416
02:57:44,447 --> 02:57:46,532
Hvem stod der?
1417
02:57:46,615 --> 02:57:48,951
Aumeyer, af SS,
1418
02:57:49,869 --> 02:57:52,663
Grabner, lederen af den politiske sektion,
1419
02:57:53,247 --> 02:57:55,958
og Hossler, SS officer.
1420
02:57:57,084 --> 02:58:00,463
Aumeyer rettet mængden,
1421
02:58:02,423 --> 02:58:06,052
”Du er her for at arbejde,
1422
02:58:06,135 --> 02:58:11,057
for vores soldater kæmper ved fronten.
1423
02:58:13,309 --> 02:58:16,270
Dem, der kan arbejde, vil være i orden.”
1424
02:58:17,480 --> 02:58:25,071
Det var tydeligt, at håb fl ared i disse mennesker.
1425
02:58:25,154 --> 02:58:29,158
Man kunne mærke det tydeligt.
1426
02:58:30,409 --> 02:58:33,996
The executioners had gotten past the first obstacle.
1427
02:58:34,997 --> 02:58:38,459
They saw it was succeeding.
1428
02:58:40,336 --> 02:58:42,671
Then Grabner spoke up,
1429
02:58:44,006 --> 02:58:48,677
“We need masons, electricians,
1430
02:58:49,345 --> 02:58:51,555
all the trades.”
1431
02:58:52,515 --> 02:58:56,852
Next, Hossler took over.
1432
02:58:58,020 --> 02:59:02,691
He pointed to a short man in the crowd.
1433
02:59:02,775 --> 02:59:04,860
I can still see him.
1434
02:59:04,944 --> 02:59:06,779
“What's your trade?”
1435
02:59:06,862 --> 02:59:08,280
The man said,
1436
02:59:08,364 --> 02:59:11,700
“Mr. Officer, I'm a tailor.”
1437
02:59:12,493 --> 02:59:16,038
“A tailor? What kind of tailor?”
1438
02:59:17,248 --> 02:59:21,544
“A man's... No, for both men and women.”
1439
02:59:21,627 --> 02:59:26,882
“Wonderful! We need people like you in our workshops.”
1440
02:59:29,051 --> 02:59:32,054
Then he questioned a woman,
1441
02:59:32,805 --> 02:59:35,474
“What's your trade?”
1442
02:59:36,100 --> 02:59:38,644
“Nurse,” she replied.
1443
02:59:38,727 --> 02:59:45,234
“Splendid! We need nurses in our hospitals for our soldiers.
1444
02:59:45,568 --> 02:59:49,947
We need all of you! But first, undress.
1445
02:59:50,823 --> 02:59:53,742
You must be disinfected.
1446
02:59:53,951 --> 02:59:57,163
We want you healthy.”
1447
02:59:59,665 --> 03:00:03,043
I could see the people were calmer,
1448
03:00:03,669 --> 03:00:07,923
reassured by what they'd heard,
1449
03:00:08,632 --> 03:00:11,760
and they began to undress.
1450
03:00:13,637 --> 03:00:16,098
Even if they still had their doubts,
1451
03:00:16,932 --> 03:00:19,935
if you want to live, you must hope.
1452
03:00:25,566 --> 03:00:29,153
Their clothing remained in the courtyard,
1453
03:00:29,987 --> 03:00:32,656
scattered everywhere.
1454
03:00:33,866 --> 03:00:36,535
Aumeyer was beaming,
1455
03:00:36,619 --> 03:00:40,539
very proud of how he'd handled things.
1456
03:00:40,623 --> 03:00:45,169
He turned to some of the SS men and told them,
1457
03:00:45,252 --> 03:00:48,422
“You see? That's the way to do it!”
1458
03:00:49,882 --> 03:00:52,009
Af dette apparat,
1459
03:00:52,259 --> 03:00:58,307
et stort spring fon / Harvard var blevet foretaget:
1460
03:00:58,933 --> 03:01:02,311
Nu kunne bruges i tøj.
1461
03:01:06,482 --> 03:01:09,777
RAUL H I LBERG, historian
1462
03:11:45,328 --> 03:11:48,456
FRANZ SCARF LING
1463
03:11:53,628 --> 03:11:57,132
Først forklare mig ...
1464
03:11:57,591 --> 03:12:02,012
hvordan du kom til Kulmhof, til Chelmno.
1465
03:12:02,804 --> 03:12:04,890
Du var på Lodz, ikke?
1466
03:12:05,223 --> 03:12:07,058
I Lodz, ja.
1467
03:12:07,142 --> 03:12:08,852
I Litzmannstadt.
1468
03:12:09,477 --> 03:12:13,982
Vi var på permanent vagt.
1469
03:12:14,816 --> 03:12:17,444
Beskyttelse af militære mål: møller,
1470
03:12:17,944 --> 03:12:21,573
vejene, da Hitler tog til Østpreussen.
1471
03:12:22,282 --> 03:12:25,160
Det var kedelig, og vi fik at vide,
1472
03:12:25,493 --> 03:12:30,957
”Vi leder efter mænd, der ønsker at bryde ud af denne rutine.”
1473
03:12:31,041 --> 03:12:33,209
Så vi meldte.
1474
03:12:34,836 --> 03:12:37,547
Vi blev udstedt vinter uniformer,
1475
03:12:38,006 --> 03:12:42,427
overfrakker, pels hatte, pels-foret støvler,
1476
03:12:43,303 --> 03:12:47,849
og 2 eller 3 dage senere fik vi at vide, ”Vi er off!”
1477
03:12:48,850 --> 03:12:52,437
Vi blev sat ombord 2 eller 3 lastbiler ... Jeg ved ikke ...
1478
03:12:52,520 --> 03:12:56,775
De havde bænke,
1479
03:12:57,442 --> 03:12:59,277
og vi red og red.
1480
03:12:59,527 --> 03:13:02,030
Endelig vi ankom.
1481
03:13:03,865 --> 03:13:07,327
Stedet gennemsøgning med SS mænd og politi.
1482
03:13:07,410 --> 03:13:11,206
Vores første spørgsmål var, ”Hvad sker der her?”
1483
03:13:11,706 --> 03:13:14,668
De sagde: ”Du kan finde ud af!”
1484
03:13:14,751 --> 03:13:17,921
- Du kan finde ud af det? - Du vil finde ud af.
1485
03:13:20,048 --> 03:13:23,385
- Du var ikke i SS, du var ... - Politi.
1486
03:13:23,468 --> 03:13:27,138
- Hvilken politiet? - Sikkerhedsvagter.
1487
03:13:27,931 --> 03:13:32,185
Vi blev beordret til at rapportere til Deutsche Haus,
1488
03:13:32,268 --> 03:13:36,398
den eneste store sten bygning i landsbyen.
1489
03:13:37,524 --> 03:13:39,484
Vi blev taget ind i det.
1490
03:13:40,527 --> 03:13:42,862
En SS-mand straks fortalte os,
1491
03:13:42,946 --> 03:13:46,032
”Dette er en top hemmelig mission!”
1492
03:13:46,241 --> 03:13:48,827
- Secret? - ”En top hemmelig mission.”
1493
03:13:48,910 --> 03:13:50,495
”Sign dette!”
1494
03:13:50,578 --> 03:13:52,580
Vi hver havde til tegn.
1495
03:13:52,664 --> 03:13:56,459
Der var en form klar til hver af os.
1496
03:13:59,421 --> 03:14:01,715
Hvad gjorde det sige?
1497
03:14:01,798 --> 03:14:05,010
Det var et løfte om hemmeligholdelse.
1498
03:14:05,093 --> 03:14:07,846
Vi fik aldrig selv at læse den igennem.
1499
03:14:07,929 --> 03:14:10,223
Du var nødt til at tage en ed?
1500
03:14:10,306 --> 03:14:13,268
Nej, bare underskrive,
1501
03:14:13,935 --> 03:14:17,022
lover at lukke op om hvad vi ville se.
1502
03:14:17,105 --> 03:14:19,733
- Hold kæft? - Ikke et ord.
1503
03:14:20,400 --> 03:14:24,529
Efter at vi havde underskrevet, fik vi at vide,
1504
03:14:25,113 --> 03:14:26,906
”Endelig løsning af jødespørgsmålet.”
1505
03:14:26,990 --> 03:14:30,994
We didn't understand what that meant.
1506
03:14:31,077 --> 03:14:32,871
So someone said...
1507
03:14:32,954 --> 03:14:36,082
He told us what was going to happen there.
1508
03:14:36,166 --> 03:14:40,003
Someone said, “the final solution of the Jewish question.”
1509
03:14:40,086 --> 03:14:44,424
You'd be assigned to the “final solution”?
1510
03:14:44,507 --> 03:14:47,302
Yes, but what did that mean?
1511
03:14:47,385 --> 03:14:49,471
We'd never heard that before.
1512
03:14:49,679 --> 03:14:51,723
So it was explained to us.
1513
03:14:51,806 --> 03:14:54,017
Just when was this?
1514
03:14:54,100 --> 03:14:56,644
Let's see... when was it...?
1515
03:14:57,979 --> 03:15:00,982
In the winter of 1941-42.
1516
03:15:07,363 --> 03:15:10,366
Derefter blev vi tildelt vores stationer.
1517
03:15:10,617 --> 03:15:14,245
Vores vagt indlæg var ved siden af vejen.
1518
03:15:14,621 --> 03:15:17,373
En skilderhus foran slottet.
1519
03:15:17,832 --> 03:15:21,503
Så du var i ”slot detaljer”?
1520
03:15:24,339 --> 03:15:26,216
Det er rigtigt.
1521
03:15:27,383 --> 03:15:31,346
Kan du beskrive, hvad du så?
1522
03:15:32,806 --> 03:15:35,934
Vi kunne se. Vi var på portbygningen.
1523
03:15:36,851 --> 03:15:41,564
Da jøderne ankom, den måde, de så:
1524
03:15:41,648 --> 03:15:46,152
halv-frosne, udsultet, beskidt, allerede halvdød.
1525
03:15:46,236 --> 03:15:49,072
Gamle mennesker, børn.
1526
03:15:50,198 --> 03:15:55,578
Tænk på det! Den lange tur her stående i en lastbil, pakket ind!
1527
03:15:57,205 --> 03:16:00,166
Hvem ved, hvis de vidste, hvad der var i vente!
1528
03:16:00,917 --> 03:16:03,336
De gjorde ikke tillid nogen, det er helt sikkert.
1529
03:16:03,419 --> 03:16:06,631
Efter måneder i ghettoen, kan du forestille dig!
1530
03:16:09,592 --> 03:16:12,345
Jeg hørte en SS mand råbe på dem,
1531
03:16:12,554 --> 03:16:15,098
”Du kommer til at blive deloused
1532
03:16:15,890 --> 03:16:18,226
og have et bad.
1533
03:16:18,726 --> 03:16:20,728
Du kommer til at arbejde her.”
1534
03:16:21,229 --> 03:16:24,524
Jøderne givet samtykke.
1535
03:16:24,607 --> 03:16:27,902
De sagde: ”Ja, det er det, vi ønsker at gøre.”
1536
03:16:29,571 --> 03:16:31,990
Var slottet stort?
1537
03:16:33,449 --> 03:16:36,411
Temmelig store, med enorme forreste trin.
1538
03:16:36,494 --> 03:16:41,332
SS Manden stod på toppen af trinene.
1539
03:16:42,750 --> 03:16:45,211
Hvad skete der så?
1540
03:16:45,587 --> 03:16:50,341
De blev gennet ind i 2 eller 3 store værelser på første gulv.
1541
03:16:50,967 --> 03:16:54,345
De skulle klæde, opgive alt:
1542
03:16:54,429 --> 03:16:57,098
ringe, guld, alt.
1543
03:16:59,934 --> 03:17:03,313
Hvor lang tid tog jøderne blive der?
1544
03:17:03,771 --> 03:17:06,191
Lang nok til at klæde.
1545
03:17:06,649 --> 03:17:09,068
Så, splitternøgen,
1546
03:17:09,152 --> 03:17:13,364
de havde til at køre ned flere trin
1547
03:17:14,449 --> 03:17:16,534
til en underjordisk korridor
1548
03:17:17,619 --> 03:17:21,289
der førte tilbage op til rampen, hvor gassen van ventede dem.
1549
03:17:23,416 --> 03:17:27,837
Havde jøderne ind i van villigt?
1550
03:17:29,464 --> 03:17:31,841
Nej, de blev slået.
1551
03:17:32,342 --> 03:17:36,387
Slag faldt overalt, og jøderne forstået.
1552
03:17:36,471 --> 03:17:38,014
De skreg.
1553
03:17:38,348 --> 03:17:40,225
Det var frygteligt!
1554
03:17:40,975 --> 03:17:42,727
F retmæssige!
1555
03:17:44,812 --> 03:17:47,774
Jeg ved, fordi vi gik ned til kælderen
1556
03:17:47,857 --> 03:17:50,109
når de var alle i van.
1557
03:17:50,193 --> 03:17:56,074
Vi åbnede cellerne i arbejdet detaljer,
1558
03:17:56,157 --> 03:17:58,493
de jødiske arbejdere
1559
03:17:58,576 --> 03:18:03,164
der indsamlede de ting smidt ud af den 1st- gulvet vindue ind der.
1560
03:18:05,333 --> 03:18:07,752
Beskriv gas varevogne.
1561
03:18:08,920 --> 03:18:11,089
Ligesom flytter varevogne.
1562
03:18:11,464 --> 03:18:13,383
Meget stor?
1563
03:18:13,466 --> 03:18:15,885
De strakte, siger,
1564
03:18:16,177 --> 03:18:18,763
herfra til vinduet.
1565
03:18:18,846 --> 03:18:20,932
Lige store lastbiler,
1566
03:18:21,015 --> 03:18:24,352
som at flytte varevogne, med 2 bagdøre.
1567
03:18:27,188 --> 03:18:29,732
Hvad system blev anvendt?
1568
03:18:29,816 --> 03:18:33,861
Hvordan har de dræber dem?
1569
03:18:34,195 --> 03:18:37,365
- Med udstødningsgasser. - Udstødningsgasser?
1570
03:18:37,865 --> 03:18:42,996
Det gik sådan her: En Pole råbte, ”Gas!”
1571
03:18:43,079 --> 03:18:48,334
Så føreren fik under van at tilslutte røret
1572
03:18:49,377 --> 03:18:54,465
at fodret gas ind i van.
1573
03:18:54,549 --> 03:18:57,677
- Ja, men hvordan? - Fra motoren.
1574
03:18:57,760 --> 03:19:00,138
Ja, men gennem hvad?
1575
03:19:00,221 --> 03:19:02,515
Et rør ... et rør.
1576
03:19:02,598 --> 03:19:05,435
Han pillede rundt under lastbilen.
1577
03:19:05,518 --> 03:19:07,729
Jeg er ikke sikker på hvordan.
1578
03:19:08,813 --> 03:19:11,774
Det var bare udstødningsgas?
1579
03:19:12,775 --> 03:19:14,485
Det er alt.
1580
03:19:18,239 --> 03:19:20,575
Hvem var driverne?
1581
03:19:22,243 --> 03:19:23,953
SS mænd.
1582
03:19:24,037 --> 03:19:27,206
Alle disse mænd var SS.
1583
03:19:27,290 --> 03:19:30,376
Var der mange af disse drivere?
1584
03:19:30,585 --> 03:19:32,128
Jeg ved ikke.
1585
03:19:32,211 --> 03:19:34,839
Var der 2, 3, 5, 10?
1586
03:19:35,298 --> 03:19:38,760
Ikke så mange. 2 eller 3, det er alt.
1587
03:19:38,843 --> 03:19:41,262
Jeg tror, der var 2 varevogne,
1588
03:19:41,888 --> 03:19:45,475
én stor, en mindre.
1589
03:19:47,268 --> 03:19:51,939
Did the driver sit in the cabin of the van?
1590
03:19:52,440 --> 03:19:54,359
- Mrs. Uwe? - No.
1591
03:19:55,443 --> 03:19:59,947
He climbed into the cabin after the doors were closed
1592
03:20:00,615 --> 03:20:02,909
and started the motor.
1593
03:20:03,534 --> 03:20:07,622
Did he race the motor?
1594
03:20:09,082 --> 03:20:11,793
I don't know.
1595
03:20:12,668 --> 03:20:17,340
Could you hear the sound of the motor?
1596
03:20:18,299 --> 03:20:22,387
Yes, from the gate we could hear it turn over.
1597
03:20:22,470 --> 03:20:26,516
Was it a loud noise?
1598
03:20:26,599 --> 03:20:30,645
The noise of a truck engine.
1599
03:20:34,023 --> 03:20:38,194
The van was stationary while the motor ran?
1600
03:20:39,362 --> 03:20:41,322
That's right.
1601
03:20:42,865 --> 03:20:45,660
Then it started moving.
1602
03:20:46,119 --> 03:20:50,248
We opened the gate, and it headed for the woods.
1603
03:20:50,790 --> 03:20:53,376
Were the people already dead?
1604
03:20:53,459 --> 03:20:55,253
I don't know.
1605
03:20:55,545 --> 03:20:58,131
It was quiet. No more screams.
1606
03:20:58,423 --> 03:20:59,424
No screams.
1607
03:20:59,507 --> 03:21:02,677
You couldn't hear anything as they drove by.
1608
03:21:16,399 --> 03:21:20,570
He recalls: It was 1941, 2 days before the new year.
1609
03:21:24,365 --> 03:21:26,951
They were routed out at night,
1610
03:21:30,163 --> 03:21:33,541
and in the morning they reached Chelmno.
1611
03:21:39,839 --> 03:21:42,049
There was a castle there.
1612
03:21:50,683 --> 03:21:53,060
When he entered the castle courtyard,
1613
03:21:55,021 --> 03:21:57,607
he knew something awful was going on.
1614
03:21:59,233 --> 03:22:01,319
He already understood.
1615
03:22:01,694 --> 03:22:03,738
Webstedet af SLOT
1616
03:22:08,075 --> 03:22:11,412
De så tøj og sko
1617
03:22:13,581 --> 03:22:15,750
spredt i gården.
1618
03:22:20,254 --> 03:22:23,341
Men de var alene der.
1619
03:22:23,758 --> 03:22:26,135
Han vidste, hans forældre havde været igennem der,
1620
03:22:27,470 --> 03:22:30,681
og der var ikke en Jøde forlod.
1621
03:22:36,270 --> 03:22:38,981
De blev taget ned i en kælder.
1622
03:22:43,611 --> 03:22:48,157
På en væg er skrevet, ”Ingen forlader her i live.”
1623
03:22:49,283 --> 03:22:51,327
Graffiti på jiddisch.
1624
03:22:52,787 --> 03:22:55,122
Der var masser af navne.
1625
03:22:56,624 --> 03:23:00,378
Han mener, at det var jøderne fra landsbyerne omkring Chelmno
1626
03:23:00,461 --> 03:23:04,131
der var kommet før ham, der havde skrevet deres navne.
1627
03:23:13,933 --> 03:23:16,143
Et par dage efter nytår,
1628
03:23:18,813 --> 03:23:22,149
y hørt folk ankommer i en lastbil en morgen.
1629
03:23:23,651 --> 03:23:26,153
De mennesker blev taget ud af lastbilen
1630
03:23:28,322 --> 03:23:32,618
og op til den første gulv af slottet.
1631
03:23:33,494 --> 03:23:37,665
Tyskerne løj og sagde, de skulle deloused.
1632
03:23:43,713 --> 03:23:46,924
De blev jaget ned på den anden side,
1633
03:23:48,843 --> 03:23:50,761
hvor en varevogn ventede.
1634
03:23:57,059 --> 03:24:02,231
Tyskerne pressede og slå dem med deres våben
1635
03:24:02,523 --> 03:24:05,234
at hustle dem i lastbilerne hurtigere.
1636
03:24:23,002 --> 03:24:26,797
Han hørte folk at bede, ”Shma Israel,”
1637
03:24:29,967 --> 03:24:32,887
and he heard the van's rear doors being shut.
1638
03:24:37,892 --> 03:24:40,061
Their screams were heard,
1639
03:24:40,269 --> 03:24:43,397
becoming fainter and fainter,
1640
03:24:46,150 --> 03:24:50,112
and when there was total silence,
1641
03:24:50,363 --> 03:24:52,448
the van left.
1642
03:25:06,045 --> 03:25:11,092
He and the 4 others were brought out of the cellar.
1643
03:25:11,175 --> 03:25:13,260
They went upstairs
1644
03:25:22,436 --> 03:25:26,190
and gathered up the clothes remaining
1645
03:25:26,482 --> 03:25:28,984
outside the supposed baths.
1646
03:25:38,452 --> 03:25:40,955
Did he understand then how they'd died?
1647
03:25:41,414 --> 03:25:43,624
MICHAEL PODCHLEBNIK,
1648
03:25:43,916 --> 03:25:48,879
the survivor of the 1st period of extermination at Chelmno
1649
03:25:49,171 --> 03:25:51,465
(the castle period)
1650
03:25:58,139 --> 03:26:03,060
Yes, first because there had been rumors of it.
1651
03:26:03,144 --> 03:26:06,313
And when he went out, he saw the sealed vans,
1652
03:26:07,481 --> 03:26:08,774
so he knew.
1653
03:26:08,858 --> 03:26:14,655
He understood that people were gassed in the vans?
1654
03:26:28,961 --> 03:26:31,922
Yes, because he'd heard the screams
1655
03:26:32,006 --> 03:26:35,009
and heard how they weakened,
1656
03:26:36,010 --> 03:26:40,431
and later the vans were taken into the woods.
1657
03:26:40,723 --> 03:26:42,767
What were the vans like?
1658
03:27:10,920 --> 03:27:15,925
Like the ones that deliver cigarettes here.
1659
03:27:16,425 --> 03:27:20,054
They were enclosed, with double-leaf rear doors.
1660
03:27:20,137 --> 03:27:21,972
What color?
1661
03:27:27,853 --> 03:27:31,899
The color the Germans used, green, ordinary.
1662
03:27:34,819 --> 03:27:36,403
MARTHA MICHELSOHN
1663
03:27:36,612 --> 03:27:42,618
How many German families were there in Kulmhof (Chelmno)?
1664
03:27:42,701 --> 03:27:45,913
10 or 11, I'd say.
1665
03:27:47,998 --> 03:27:52,503
Germans from Volhynia and 2 families from the Reich,
1666
03:27:52,586 --> 03:27:55,089
the Bauers and us.
1667
03:27:55,965 --> 03:27:58,259
- And you? - Us, the Michelsohns.
1668
03:27:59,218 --> 03:28:03,264
How did you wind up in Kulmhof?
1669
03:28:06,559 --> 03:28:08,352
I was born in Laage,
1670
03:28:08,435 --> 03:28:12,189
and I was sent to Kulmhof.
1671
03:28:12,606 --> 03:28:18,028
They were looking for volunteer settlers,
1672
03:28:18,445 --> 03:28:20,239
and I signed up.
1673
03:28:20,322 --> 03:28:22,491
That's how I got there.
1674
03:28:22,741 --> 03:28:25,286
First 'm Wafihbrucken (Ken),
1675
03:28:25,619 --> 03:28:29,540
then Chelmno... Kulmhof.
1676
03:28:29,832 --> 03:28:32,042
Directly from Laage?
1677
03:28:32,126 --> 03:28:38,716
No, I left from Munster.
1678
03:28:38,799 --> 03:28:42,595
Did you opt to go to Kulmhof?
1679
03:28:42,678 --> 03:28:45,556
No, I asked for Wartheland.
1680
03:28:45,639 --> 03:28:46,974
Why?
1681
03:28:50,019 --> 03:28:52,313
A pioneering spirit.
1682
03:28:53,731 --> 03:28:57,735
- You were young! - Oh, yes, I was young.
1683
03:28:57,818 --> 03:29:01,322
- You wanted to be useful? - Yes.
1684
03:29:02,615 --> 03:29:08,162
What was your first impression of Wartheland?
1685
03:29:08,829 --> 03:29:12,207
It was primitive. Super-primitive.
1686
03:29:12,291 --> 03:29:13,918
Meaning...?
1687
03:29:14,001 --> 03:29:15,920
Even worse,
1688
03:29:16,545 --> 03:29:18,464
worse than primitive.
1689
03:29:18,547 --> 03:29:21,842
Difficult to understand, right?
1690
03:29:24,386 --> 03:29:25,596
But why. . .?
1691
03:29:25,679 --> 03:29:30,851
The sanitary facilities were disastrous.
1692
03:29:31,143 --> 03:29:35,481
The only toilet was in WarthbrUcken, in the town.
1693
03:29:35,564 --> 03:29:37,232
You had to go there.
1694
03:29:37,316 --> 03:29:41,779
The rest was a disaster.
1695
03:29:43,364 --> 03:29:47,409
- Why a disaster? - There were no toilets at all!
1696
03:29:51,205 --> 03:29:54,208
There were privies.
1697
03:29:55,042 --> 03:29:57,419
I can't tell you
1698
03:29:58,045 --> 03:30:01,090
how primitive it was.
1699
03:30:03,008 --> 03:30:04,134
Astonishing!
1700
03:30:04,218 --> 03:30:09,139
Why did you choose such a primitive place?
1701
03:30:09,223 --> 03:30:12,810
I was young, you know.
1702
03:30:12,893 --> 03:30:15,729
You can't imagine such places exist.
1703
03:30:15,813 --> 03:30:18,816
You don't believe it. But that's how it was.
1704
03:30:23,737 --> 03:30:25,906
This was the whole village.
1705
03:30:26,740 --> 03:30:29,118
A very small village,
1706
03:30:31,537 --> 03:30:33,372
straggling along the road.
1707
03:30:33,455 --> 03:30:36,750
Just a few houses.
1708
03:30:38,293 --> 03:30:42,339
There was the church, the castle,
1709
03:30:42,423 --> 03:30:44,758
a store, too,
1710
03:30:45,092 --> 03:30:48,429
the administrative building and the school.
1711
03:30:49,638 --> 03:30:52,391
The castle was next to the church,
1712
03:30:52,474 --> 03:30:55,936
with a high board fence around both.
1713
03:31:00,607 --> 03:31:04,611
How far was your house from the church?
1714
03:31:05,320 --> 03:31:09,116
It was just opposite... 150 feet.
1715
03:31:10,117 --> 03:31:13,704
Mrs. Michelsohn was the Nazi teacher's wife
1716
03:31:16,290 --> 03:31:18,667
Did you see the gas vans?
1717
03:31:18,751 --> 03:31:19,877
No...
1718
03:31:20,377 --> 03:31:23,756
Yes, from the outside. They shuttled back and forth.
1719
03:31:23,839 --> 03:31:28,135
I never looked inside... I didn't see Jews in them.
1720
03:31:29,803 --> 03:31:31,930
I only saw things from outside,
1721
03:31:32,014 --> 03:31:35,476
the Jews' arrival, their disposition,
1722
03:31:36,018 --> 03:31:39,146
how they were loaded aboard.
1723
03:31:42,649 --> 03:31:44,610
Since World War I,
1724
03:31:44,693 --> 03:31:48,405
the castle had been in ruins.
1725
03:31:49,782 --> 03:31:52,993
Only part of it could still be used.
1726
03:31:53,994 --> 03:31:59,041
That's where the Jews were taken.
1727
03:32:05,172 --> 03:32:09,218
This ruined castle was used...
1728
03:32:09,301 --> 03:32:13,305
For housing and delousing the Poles, and so on.
1729
03:32:13,388 --> 03:32:15,516
- The Jews! - Yes, the Jews.
1730
03:32:16,600 --> 03:32:21,480
Why do you call them “Poles” and not “Jews”?
1731
03:32:21,563 --> 03:32:24,191
Sometimes, I get them mixed up.
1732
03:32:25,025 --> 03:32:27,528
There's a difference between Poles and Jews?
1733
03:32:27,611 --> 03:32:29,947
Oh, yes!
1734
03:32:30,030 --> 03:32:32,199
What difference?
1735
03:32:36,036 --> 03:32:39,248
The Poles weren't exterminated,
1736
03:32:39,706 --> 03:32:41,792
and the Jews were.
1737
03:32:41,875 --> 03:32:45,712
Det er forskellen. En ekstern forskel, ikke?
1738
03:32:46,380 --> 03:32:48,298
Og den indre forskel?
1739
03:32:48,382 --> 03:32:50,634
Jeg kan ikke vurdere det.
1740
03:32:50,717 --> 03:32:56,682
Jeg ved ikke nok om psykologi og antropologi.
1741
03:32:57,850 --> 03:33:00,936
Forskellen mellem polakkerne og jøderne?
1742
03:33:01,019 --> 03:33:03,897
Anyway, kunne de ikke stå hinanden.
1743
03:33:06,441 --> 03:33:08,777
Den 19. januar 1942
1744
03:33:08,861 --> 03:33:11,989
rabbiner Grabow, Jacob Schulmann,
1745
03:33:12,072 --> 03:33:15,909
skrev følgende brev til sine venner i Lodz:
1746
03:33:17,035 --> 03:33:18,495
”Mine meget kære venner,
1747
03:33:18,579 --> 03:33:23,500
Jeg skrev ikke før: Jeg var ikke sikker på, hvad jeg havde hørt.
1748
03:33:23,750 --> 03:33:27,796
Ak, til vores store sorg, vi nu kender alle.
1749
03:33:28,422 --> 03:33:32,593
Jeg har talt med et øjenvidne, som det lykkedes at flygte.
1750
03:33:32,926 --> 03:33:34,761
Han fortalte mig alt.
1751
03:33:34,845 --> 03:33:39,057
De er udryddet i Chelmno, nær Dombie,
1752
03:33:39,266 --> 03:33:42,269
og de er alle begravet i den nærliggende Rzeszow skov.
1753
03:33:42,811 --> 03:33:47,608
Jøderne bliver dræbt i 2 måder: ved skydning eller gas.
1754
03:33:47,941 --> 03:33:52,654
Det er bare sket for tusindvis af Lodz jøder.
1755
03:33:53,989 --> 03:33:58,160
Tror ikke, at dette bliver skrevet af en galning.
1756
03:33:58,243 --> 03:34:02,039
Ak, det er den tragiske, forfærdelige sandhed.
1757
03:34:02,998 --> 03:34:07,544
Horror, rædsel. Man, kaste dine Klæder,
1758
03:34:07,628 --> 03:34:10,631
dække dit hoved med aske, køre i gaderne
1759
03:34:10,923 --> 03:34:13,050
og danse i din galskab.
1760
03:34:14,593 --> 03:34:18,013
Jeg er så træt, at min pen kan ikke længere skrive.
1761
03:34:18,472 --> 03:34:21,975
Skaberen af universet, hjælpe os!”
1762
03:34:23,018 --> 03:34:27,064
Skaberen hjalp ikke jøderne i Grabow.
1763
03:34:27,439 --> 03:34:32,069
Med deres rabbiner, døde de alle i gassen van ved Chelmno
1764
03:34:32,152 --> 03:34:34,071
et par uger senere.
1765
03:34:34,154 --> 03:34:38,200
Chelmno er kun 12 miles fra Grabow.
1766
03:35:25,539 --> 03:35:27,958
Var der en masse jøder her i Grabow?
1767
03:35:30,877 --> 03:35:33,046
En masse, en hel.
1768
03:35:37,217 --> 03:35:38,802
De blev sendt til Chelmno.
1769
03:35:38,885 --> 03:35:41,930
Har hun altid levet nær synagogen?
1770
03:35:53,066 --> 03:35:55,902
- Ja. - Den polske ord er ”Buzinica,” ikke synagoge.
1771
03:36:06,455 --> 03:36:09,374
Hun siger, det er nu et møbel lager
1772
03:36:09,458 --> 03:36:13,920
men de gjorde ikke skade den fra et religiøst synspunkt.
1773
03:36:14,004 --> 03:36:17,507
Det er ikke blevet ... skændet.
1774
03:36:18,759 --> 03:36:21,261
Er hun husker rabbineren ved synagogen?
1775
03:36:23,972 --> 03:36:28,685
Synagogen i GRABOW
1776
03:36:30,437 --> 03:36:35,067
Hun siger, hun er 80 nu, og hendes hukommelse er ikke alt for godt,
1777
03:36:35,150 --> 03:36:37,986
og jøderne har været væk i 40 år.
1778
03:36:56,838 --> 03:37:00,175
Barbara, fortæller dette par, de bor i et dejligt hus.
1779
03:37:03,804 --> 03:37:06,807
Har de er enige? Har de synes, det er et dejligt hus?
1780
03:37:17,150 --> 03:37:21,405
Fortæl mig om udsmykningen af dette hus, dørene,
1781
03:37:21,488 --> 03:37:23,240
hvad er det?
1782
03:37:30,122 --> 03:37:32,916
Folk plejede at gøre udskæringer sådan.
1783
03:37:33,166 --> 03:37:35,210
Har de dekorere det på den måde?
1784
03:37:38,130 --> 03:37:41,174
- Nej, det var jøderne igen. - Jøderne gjorde det!
1785
03:37:42,300 --> 03:37:44,636
Døren er en god århundrede gammel.
1786
03:37:45,345 --> 03:37:47,222
Fik jøder ejer dette hus?
1787
03:37:50,517 --> 03:37:52,436
Yes, all these houses.
1788
03:37:52,519 --> 03:37:55,772
All these houses on the square were Jewish?
1789
03:37:59,693 --> 03:38:05,115
Jews lived in all the ones in front, on the street.
1790
03:38:06,199 --> 03:38:08,076
Where did the Poles live?
1791
03:38:11,288 --> 03:38:14,040
In the courtyards, where the privies were.
1792
03:38:17,752 --> 03:38:20,797
There used to be a store here.
1793
03:38:20,881 --> 03:38:22,132
What kind?
1794
03:38:23,550 --> 03:38:25,469
A food store.
1795
03:38:25,552 --> 03:38:27,471
Owned by Jews?
1796
03:38:27,554 --> 03:38:28,597
Yes.
1797
03:38:29,097 --> 03:38:32,142
So the Jews lived in the front,
1798
03:38:32,225 --> 03:38:35,729
and the Poles in the courtyard with the privies.
1799
03:38:45,238 --> 03:38:47,741
How long have these two lived here?
1800
03:38:54,789 --> 03:38:57,083
15 years.
1801
03:38:57,417 --> 03:38:59,336
Where'd they live before?
1802
03:39:02,130 --> 03:39:04,174
In a courtyard across the square.
1803
03:39:04,257 --> 03:39:06,134
They've gotten rich.
1804
03:39:06,218 --> 03:39:07,844
- Them? - Yes.
1805
03:39:09,554 --> 03:39:10,680
Yes.
1806
03:39:11,264 --> 03:39:13,600
How did they get rich?
1807
03:39:17,270 --> 03:39:18,855
They worked.
1808
03:39:19,105 --> 03:39:21,024
How old is the gentleman?
1809
03:39:23,109 --> 03:39:24,486
He's 70.
1810
03:39:24,569 --> 03:39:26,655
He looks young and healthy.
1811
03:39:31,618 --> 03:39:34,371
Do they remember the Jews of Grabow?
1812
03:39:36,790 --> 03:39:37,999
Yes.
1813
03:39:38,083 --> 03:39:40,168
And when they were deported, too.
1814
03:39:40,252 --> 03:39:43,171
They recall the deportation of the Grabow Jews?
1815
03:39:44,839 --> 03:39:46,716
He says he speaks “Jew” well.
1816
03:39:46,800 --> 03:39:48,552
He speaks “Jew”?
1817
03:39:50,971 --> 03:39:53,974
As a kid he played with Jews so he speaks “Jew.”
1818
03:40:08,363 --> 03:40:12,242
First, they grouped them there, where that restaurant is,
1819
03:40:12,325 --> 03:40:13,743
or in this square,
1820
03:40:13,827 --> 03:40:15,328
and took their gold.
1821
03:40:31,344 --> 03:40:35,056
An elder among the Jews collected the gold
1822
03:40:35,140 --> 03:40:37,934
and turned it over to the police.
1823
03:40:38,268 --> 03:40:43,023
That done, the Jews were put in the Catholic church.
1824
03:40:43,106 --> 03:40:44,774
A lot of gold?
1825
03:40:48,194 --> 03:40:50,739
Yes, the Jews had gold
1826
03:40:54,326 --> 03:40:57,120
and some handsome candelabras.
1827
03:41:07,797 --> 03:41:11,968
Did the Poles know the Jews would be killed at Chelmno?
1828
03:41:19,267 --> 03:41:20,894
Yes, they knew.
1829
03:41:22,562 --> 03:41:24,397
The Jews knew it, too.
1830
03:41:26,107 --> 03:41:29,110
Did the Jews try to do something about it,
1831
03:41:29,194 --> 03:41:31,655
to rebel, to escape?
1832
03:41:47,754 --> 03:41:49,756
The young tried to run away.
1833
03:41:52,926 --> 03:41:55,345
But the Germans caught them
1834
03:41:55,428 --> 03:41:59,307
and maybe killed them even more savagely.
1835
03:42:08,608 --> 03:42:13,363
In e very to wn and village, 2 or 3 streets were closed,
1836
03:42:13,446 --> 03:42:15,115
and the Jews were kept under guard.
1837
03:42:15,198 --> 03:42:17,117
They couldn't leave there.
1838
03:42:23,581 --> 03:42:27,377
Then they were locked in the Polish church here in Grebe w
1839
03:42:27,460 --> 03:42:29,963
and later taken to Chelmno.
1840
03:42:31,840 --> 03:42:35,510
BACKGROUND, THE SYNAGOGUE
1841
03:43:00,994 --> 03:43:04,706
The Germans threw children as small as these
1842
03:43:05,039 --> 03:43:07,500
into the trucks by the legs.
1843
03:43:07,709 --> 03:43:09,502
She saw that?
1844
03:43:10,336 --> 03:43:13,089
- Old folks too. - Threw kids into the trucks.
1845
03:43:14,007 --> 03:43:17,177
The Poles knew the Jews would be gassed in Chelmno?
1846
03:43:17,761 --> 03:43:19,429
Did this gentleman know?
1847
03:43:29,147 --> 03:43:32,734
Does he recall the Jews' deportation from Grabow?
1848
03:43:39,199 --> 03:43:41,785
At that time, he worked in the mill.
1849
03:43:41,868 --> 03:43:45,497
- There, opposite? - Yes, and they saw it all.
1850
03:43:46,206 --> 03:43:49,709
What did he think of it? Was it a sad sight?
1851
03:43:58,176 --> 03:43:59,677
Yes, it was...
1852
03:44:03,640 --> 03:44:07,977
Yes. How could you see that without sadness?
1853
03:44:15,401 --> 03:44:17,445
What trades were the Jews in?
1854
03:44:25,245 --> 03:44:27,622
They were tanners, tradesmen,
1855
03:44:30,542 --> 03:44:31,918
tailors.
1856
03:44:39,133 --> 03:44:45,098
They sold things... eggs, chickens, butter.
1857
03:44:48,434 --> 03:44:50,603
There were a lot of tailors,
1858
03:44:53,481 --> 03:44:55,316
tradesmen, too.
1859
03:44:56,401 --> 03:44:59,112
But most were tanners.
1860
03:45:02,824 --> 03:45:07,912
- They had beards and side locks. - Yes.
1861
03:45:07,996 --> 03:45:10,248
He says they weren't pretty.
1862
03:45:10,331 --> 03:45:12,292
They weren't pretty?
1863
03:45:14,043 --> 03:45:16,629
- They stank, too. - They stank?
1864
03:45:17,630 --> 03:45:19,173
Why did they stink?
1865
03:45:21,593 --> 03:45:25,471
Because they were tanners, and the hides stink.
1866
03:45:29,517 --> 03:45:31,561
The Jewish women were beautiful.
1867
03:45:34,105 --> 03:45:36,649
The Poles liked to make love with them.
1868
03:45:36,941 --> 03:45:40,320
Are Polish women glad there are no Jewesses left?
1869
03:45:48,828 --> 03:45:49,829
What'd she say?
1870
03:45:49,913 --> 03:45:54,542
At de kvinder, der er hendes alder nu
1871
03:45:55,627 --> 03:45:57,795
kunne også godt lide at elske.
1872
03:45:57,879 --> 03:46:00,882
Så de jødiske kvinder var konkurrenter?
1873
03:46:04,510 --> 03:46:08,097
Det er vanvittigt, hvordan polakkerne kunne lide den lille jødinder!
1874
03:46:08,181 --> 03:46:10,350
Har polakkerne glip af de små jødinder?
1875
03:46:14,896 --> 03:46:17,857
Naturligvis sådanne smukke kvinder!
1876
03:46:18,066 --> 03:46:20,443
Hvorfor? Hvad gjorde dem så smuk?
1877
03:46:30,828 --> 03:46:33,998
Fordi de gjorde intet. Polske kvinder arbejdede.
1878
03:46:34,082 --> 03:46:38,419
Jødiske kvinder kun om deres skønhed og tøj.
1879
03:46:38,711 --> 03:46:40,880
Så jødinder gjorde intet arbejde!
1880
03:46:42,256 --> 03:46:44,592
- Ikke nogen som helst. - Hvorfor ikke?
1881
03:46:46,886 --> 03:46:48,471
De var rig.
1882
03:46:51,849 --> 03:46:55,311
Polakkerne havde at tjene dem og arbejde.
1883
03:46:55,395 --> 03:46:57,605
Jeg hørte hende bruge ordet ”hovedstad”.
1884
03:46:58,773 --> 03:47:01,401
Hovedstaden var i hænderne på jøderne.
1885
03:47:01,484 --> 03:47:03,653
Ja ... Du har ikke oversætte det.
1886
03:47:04,570 --> 03:47:08,908
Spørg hende igen. Så hovedstaden var i jødernes hænder?
1887
03:47:11,953 --> 03:47:13,913
Alle Polen var i jødernes hænder.
1888
03:47:13,997 --> 03:47:17,417
Er de glade der ikke er flere jøder her, eller ked af det?
1889
03:47:40,273 --> 03:47:41,774
Det betyder ikke gider dem.
1890
03:47:41,858 --> 03:47:46,779
As you know, Jews and Germans ran all Polish industry before the war.
1891
03:47:46,863 --> 03:47:49,615
Did they like them on the whole?
1892
03:47:57,457 --> 03:48:04,213
Not much. Above all, they were dishonest.
1893
03:48:06,466 --> 03:48:10,803
Was life in Grabow more fun when the Jews were here?
1894
03:48:24,901 --> 03:48:27,070
He'd rather not say.
1895
03:48:27,779 --> 03:48:29,989
Why does he call them dishonest?
1896
03:48:40,792 --> 03:48:44,420
They exploited the Poles. That's what they lived off.
1897
03:48:44,504 --> 03:48:46,506
How did they exploit them?
1898
03:49:01,354 --> 03:49:03,231
By imposing their prices.
1899
03:49:08,152 --> 03:49:10,238
Ask her if she likes her house.
1900
03:49:11,864 --> 03:49:12,865
Yes,
1901
03:49:14,033 --> 03:49:17,078
but her children live in much better houses.
1902
03:49:17,870 --> 03:49:19,872
In modern houses!
1903
03:49:23,000 --> 03:49:25,461
They've all gone to college.
1904
03:49:25,545 --> 03:49:29,048
Great! That's progress!
1905
03:49:33,386 --> 03:49:38,349
Her children are the best educated in the village.
1906
03:49:38,432 --> 03:49:41,727
Very good, Madam! Long live education!
1907
03:49:44,814 --> 03:49:48,568
Isn't this a very old house?
1908
03:49:51,070 --> 03:49:53,030
Yes, Jews lived here before.
1909
03:49:53,114 --> 03:49:56,617
So Jews used to live here. Did she know them?
1910
03:49:59,412 --> 03:50:00,663
Yes.
1911
03:50:00,746 --> 03:50:02,582
What was their name?
1912
03:50:08,588 --> 03:50:09,589
Hun ved ikke.
1913
03:50:09,672 --> 03:50:12,008
Hvad var deres handel?
1914
03:50:13,217 --> 03:50:16,179
Benkel, deres navn var.
1915
03:50:17,597 --> 03:50:19,765
Og hvad var deres handel?
1916
03:50:27,899 --> 03:50:29,942
De havde en slagterbutik.
1917
03:50:30,735 --> 03:50:33,154
En slagter. Hvorfor er hun griner?
1918
03:50:35,948 --> 03:50:39,410
Fordi herre sagde det var ...
1919
03:50:40,786 --> 03:50:44,624
en slagter butik, hvor man kunne købe billige kød. Bøf!
1920
03:50:46,083 --> 03:50:49,295
Hvad mener han om dem bliver gasset i lastbiler?
1921
03:50:58,429 --> 03:51:00,973
Han siger, at han ikke kan lide, at der på alle.
1922
03:51:10,524 --> 03:51:14,612
Hvis de var gået til Israel af egen fri vilje,
1923
03:51:14,695 --> 03:51:16,239
han kunne have været glad.
1924
03:51:16,322 --> 03:51:20,117
Men dræbe dem var ubehagelig.
1925
03:51:23,329 --> 03:51:25,414
Er han brænde jøderne?
1926
03:51:37,301 --> 03:51:40,638
Ja, fordi der var nogle smukke jødinder.
1927
03:51:40,721 --> 03:51:42,765
For de unge, det var ... fint.
1928
03:51:42,848 --> 03:51:47,895
Er de undskyld jøderne er ikke længere her eller glad?
1929
03:51:56,445 --> 03:52:01,242
Hvordan kan jeg vide? Jeg har aldrig gået i skole.
1930
03:52:01,534 --> 03:52:05,746
Jeg kan kun tænke på, hvordan jeg er nu. Nu er jeg fint.
1931
03:52:06,580 --> 03:52:08,541
Er hun bedre stillet?
1932
03:52:15,256 --> 03:52:17,842
Før krigen hun plukket kartofler.
1933
03:52:17,925 --> 03:52:21,679
Nu sælger hun æg, og hun er meget bedre stillet.
1934
03:52:21,762 --> 03:52:25,433
Fordi jøderne er væk eller på grund af socialisme?
1935
03:52:31,230 --> 03:52:35,985
Hun er ligeglad, hun er glad, fordi hun gør godt nu.
1936
03:52:36,068 --> 03:52:40,072
Hvordan har han det med at miste sine klassekammerater?
1937
03:52:48,247 --> 03:52:50,166
Det forstyrrer ham stadig.
1938
03:52:51,083 --> 03:52:52,918
Er han brænde jøderne?
1939
03:52:54,253 --> 03:52:55,212
Sikkert.
1940
03:52:55,296 --> 03:52:57,715
De var gode jøder, siger fru.
1941
03:53:00,051 --> 03:53:03,596
GRABOW vinteren
1942
03:53:49,433 --> 03:53:52,645
Jøderne kom i lastbiler,
1943
03:53:54,772 --> 03:53:58,692
og senere var der en smalsporet jernbane
1944
03:53:58,776 --> 03:54:01,320
at de ankom på.
1945
03:54:02,488 --> 03:54:07,201
De blev pakket tæt i lastbilerne,
1946
03:54:07,284 --> 03:54:10,996
eller i de biler af smalsporede jernbane.
1947
03:54:12,331 --> 03:54:14,625
Masser af kvinder og børn.
1948
03:54:14,959 --> 03:54:18,462
Mænd også, men de fleste af dem var gamle.
1949
03:54:18,671 --> 03:54:23,384
Den stærkeste blev sat i arbejde detaljer.
1950
03:54:23,843 --> 03:54:28,055
De gik med kæder på deres ben.
1951
03:54:28,139 --> 03:54:31,225
Om morgenen, de hentede vand,
1952
03:54:31,308 --> 03:54:34,603
ledte efter mad, og så videre.
1953
03:54:36,147 --> 03:54:39,275
Disse blev ikke dræbt med det samme.
1954
03:54:39,358 --> 03:54:41,444
Det skete senere.
1955
03:54:41,527 --> 03:54:44,530
Jeg ved ikke, hvad der blev af dem.
1956
03:54:44,738 --> 03:54:47,324
De havde ikke overleve, alligevel.
1957
03:54:47,408 --> 03:54:49,702
To af dem gjorde.
1958
03:54:49,785 --> 03:54:51,454
Kun to.
1959
03:54:51,787 --> 03:54:53,789
De var i lænker?
1960
03:54:54,832 --> 03:54:56,834
- På benene. - Allesammen?
1961
03:54:56,917 --> 03:55:04,133
Arbejderne, ja. De andre blev dræbt på en gang.
1962
03:55:04,216 --> 03:55:09,472
Den jødiske arbejde trup gik gennem landsbyen i lænker.
1963
03:55:09,805 --> 03:55:11,432
Ja.
1964
03:55:13,017 --> 03:55:15,686
Kunne folk tale til dem?
1965
03:55:15,769 --> 03:55:20,149
Nej, der var umuligt.
1966
03:55:20,232 --> 03:55:21,609
Hvorfor?
1967
03:55:22,651 --> 03:55:24,695
Ingen turde.
1968
03:55:25,404 --> 03:55:28,032
- Hvad? - Ingen turde.
1969
03:55:28,574 --> 03:55:30,284
Forstå?
1970
03:55:30,910 --> 03:55:32,995
Ja ... Ingen turde.
1971
03:55:33,078 --> 03:55:35,080
Hvorfor, var det farligt?
1972
03:55:35,164 --> 03:55:42,254
Ja, der var vagter.
1973
03:55:45,299 --> 03:55:48,969
Anyway, folk ønskede intet at gøre med alt det der.
1974
03:55:49,970 --> 03:55:51,430
Ser du?
1975
03:55:51,514 --> 03:55:55,768
Får på nerverne, at se, at hver eneste dag.
1976
03:56:03,359 --> 03:56:08,155
Du kan ikke tvinge en hel landsby til at se sådan nød.
1977
03:56:09,657 --> 03:56:11,992
Da jøderne ankom,
1978
03:56:12,076 --> 03:56:16,038
da de blev skubbet ind i kirken eller slottet ...
1979
03:56:16,789 --> 03:56:18,624
Og skrigene!
1980
03:56:18,707 --> 03:56:22,336
Det var frygteligt! Deprimerende.
1981
03:56:22,586 --> 03:56:26,632
Dag efter dag, den samme forestilling!
1982
03:56:30,594 --> 03:56:34,807
Det var forfærdeligt! En trist syn!
1983
03:56:35,683 --> 03:56:39,311
De skreg. De vidste, hvad der foregik.
1984
03:56:40,646 --> 03:56:44,733
I første omgang jøderne troede, at de ville blive deloused.
1985
03:56:45,276 --> 03:56:48,946
Men de forstod snart.
1986
03:56:49,029 --> 03:56:51,824
Deres skrig voksede vildere og vildere.
1987
03:56:53,659 --> 03:56:56,704
Gruopvækkende skrig. Skriger af terror.
1988
03:56:56,787 --> 03:57:00,583
Fordi de vidste, hvad der sker med dem.
1989
03:57:03,335 --> 03:57:07,506
Ved du, hvor mange jøder blev udryddet der?
1990
03:57:09,341 --> 03:57:13,220
Fire noget, 400.000 ... 40.000 ...
1991
03:57:13,304 --> 03:57:14,888
400, 000.
1992
03:57:16,140 --> 03:57:20,019
400.000, ja. Jeg vidste, at det havde en 4 i det.
1993
03:57:21,395 --> 03:57:23,939
Trist, trist, trist!
1994
03:57:26,150 --> 03:57:29,236
Når soldaterne marchere,
1995
03:57:29,320 --> 03:57:32,865
pigerne åbne deres vinduer og døre ...
1996
03:57:41,206 --> 03:57:47,087
Kan du huske en jødisk barn, en dreng på 13?
1997
03:57:47,338 --> 03:57:50,215
Han var i arbejdet trup.
1998
03:57:50,591 --> 03:57:53,719
Han sang på floden.
1999
03:57:53,802 --> 03:57:55,888
- På Narew River? - Ja.
2000
03:57:56,722 --> 03:57:59,058
- Er han stadig i live? - Ja, han er i live.
2001
03:57:59,642 --> 03:58:04,104
Han sang en tysk sang
2002
03:58:04,563 --> 03:58:09,985
at SS i Chelmno lærte ham.
2003
03:58:10,069 --> 03:58:13,113
“When the soldiers march,
2004
03:58:13,197 --> 03:58:15,658
the girls open their windows and doors...”
2005
03:58:30,255 --> 03:58:32,508
SIMON SREBNIK,
2006
03:58:32,800 --> 03:58:36,762
the survivor of the 2nd period of extermination at Chelmno
2007
03:58:37,096 --> 03:58:39,598
(the church period)
2008
03:59:50,085 --> 03:59:52,379
So it's a holiday in Chelmno!
2009
03:59:55,716 --> 03:59:58,051
What holiday? What's being celebrated?
2010
04:00:03,098 --> 04:00:06,894
The birth of the Virgin Mary. It's her birthday.
2011
04:00:09,146 --> 04:00:11,523
It's a huge crowd, isn't it?
2012
04:00:17,863 --> 04:00:21,366
But the weather's bad... it's raining.
2013
04:00:22,034 --> 04:00:25,245
Ask them if they're glad to see Srebnik again.
2014
04:00:30,000 --> 04:00:31,627
Meget. det er en stor fornøjelse.
2015
04:00:31,710 --> 04:00:33,170
Hvorfor?
2016
04:00:37,424 --> 04:00:40,636
De er glade for at se ham igen,
2017
04:00:43,263 --> 04:00:46,308
fordi de ved alt, hvad han har levet igennem.
2018
04:00:46,391 --> 04:00:50,270
At se ham, som han er nu, de er meget glad.
2019
04:00:50,354 --> 04:00:52,064
De er glade?
2020
04:00:52,856 --> 04:00:55,567
Hvorfor hele landsbyen huske ham?
2021
04:01:11,083 --> 04:01:13,544
De husker ham godt
2022
04:01:14,753 --> 04:01:18,841
fordi han gik med kæder på hans ankler,
2023
04:01:18,924 --> 04:01:22,719
og han sang på floden.
2024
04:01:22,928 --> 04:01:24,638
Han var ung,
2025
04:01:25,264 --> 04:01:27,140
he was skinny,
2026
04:01:27,683 --> 04:01:31,270
he looked ready for his coffin.
2027
04:01:31,353 --> 04:01:34,314
Ripe for a coffin!
2028
04:01:34,398 --> 04:01:36,692
Did he seem happy or sad?
2029
04:01:45,784 --> 04:01:47,828
Even the lady,
2030
04:01:57,421 --> 04:02:00,966
when she saw that child,
2031
04:02:01,049 --> 04:02:04,553
she told the German, “Let that child go!”
2032
04:02:04,636 --> 04:02:06,722
He asked her, “Where to?”
2033
04:02:06,805 --> 04:02:08,432
“To his father and mother.”
2034
04:02:08,515 --> 04:02:12,311
Looking at the sky, he said, “He'll soon go to them.”
2035
04:02:12,394 --> 04:02:14,313
The German said that?
2036
04:02:15,314 --> 04:02:19,151
De husker, da jøderne var låst i denne kirke?
2037
04:02:23,906 --> 04:02:25,699
Ja de gør.
2038
04:02:30,203 --> 04:02:32,456
De bragte dem til kirken i lastbiler.
2039
04:02:32,539 --> 04:02:34,708
På hvilket tidspunkt af dagen?
2040
04:02:40,380 --> 04:02:42,174
Hele dagen lang og ind i natten.
2041
04:02:42,424 --> 04:02:46,720
Hvad skete der? Kan de beskriver det i detaljer?
2042
04:03:05,864 --> 04:03:08,784
I første omgang blev jøderne taget til slottet.
2043
04:03:08,867 --> 04:03:12,287
Først senere blev de sat ind i kirken.
2044
04:03:12,371 --> 04:03:14,539
Den anden fase, højre!
2045
04:03:15,415 --> 04:03:18,460
Om morgenen blev de taget ind i skoven.
2046
04:03:18,543 --> 04:03:22,381
Hvordan blev de taget ud i skoven?
2047
04:03:28,971 --> 04:03:31,723
I meget store pansrede varevogne.
2048
04:03:41,692 --> 04:03:44,444
Gassen kom gennem bunden.
2049
04:03:47,531 --> 04:03:50,826
Så blev de båret i gas varevogne, ikke?
2050
04:03:54,413 --> 04:03:56,331
Ja, i gas- varevogne.
2051
04:03:57,541 --> 04:03:59,960
Hvor blev varevogne samle dem op?
2052
04:04:00,961 --> 04:04:02,713
- Jøderne? - Ja.
2053
04:04:06,091 --> 04:04:08,010
Her, ved kirkedøren.
2054
04:04:08,093 --> 04:04:10,762
Lastbilerne trak op hvor de er nu?
2055
04:04:12,139 --> 04:04:14,182
Nej, de gik lige til døren.
2056
04:04:14,266 --> 04:04:17,602
De varevogne kom til kirkedøren?
2057
04:04:19,896 --> 04:04:24,317
Og de vidste alle disse var død varevogne?
2058
04:04:30,949 --> 04:04:33,201
Ja, de kunne ikke hjælpe at kende.
2059
04:04:35,162 --> 04:04:37,748
De hørte skrig om natten?
2060
04:04:42,794 --> 04:04:45,005
Jøderne stønnede, de var sultne.
2061
04:04:47,883 --> 04:04:49,968
De blev lukket ind og sultede.
2062
04:04:50,177 --> 04:04:52,137
Havde de noget mad?
2063
04:04:58,727 --> 04:05:03,148
Du kunne ikke se der. Du kunne ikke tale med en Jøde.
2064
04:05:10,155 --> 04:05:14,534
Endda gå med på vejen, kunne du ikke se der.
2065
04:05:14,618 --> 04:05:16,661
Har de ser alligevel?
2066
04:05:22,501 --> 04:05:25,504
Ja, varevogne kom,
2067
04:05:25,712 --> 04:05:28,757
og jøderne blev flyttet længere væk.
2068
04:05:28,840 --> 04:05:30,842
Man kunne se dem, men i smug.
2069
04:05:30,926 --> 04:05:33,303
- In sidelæns blikke. - Det er rigtigt.
2070
04:05:37,349 --> 04:05:40,227
Det er rigtigt, i sidelæns blikke.
2071
04:05:41,061 --> 04:05:44,523
Hvilken slags råb og støn blev hørt om natten?
2072
04:06:01,748 --> 04:06:05,460
De opfordrede Jesus og Maria og Gud,
2073
04:06:05,544 --> 04:06:08,213
undertiden på tysk, som hun siger.
2074
04:06:10,590 --> 04:06:13,677
Jøderne opfordrede Jesus, Maria og Gud!
2075
04:06:17,848 --> 04:06:22,477
Den præsteboligen var fuld af kufferter.
2076
04:06:22,561 --> 04:06:24,563
Jødernes kufferter?
2077
04:06:26,231 --> 04:06:29,276
Ja, og der var guld.
2078
04:06:32,445 --> 04:06:35,657
Hvordan ved hun, der var guld?
2079
04:06:42,664 --> 04:06:45,876
Processionen! Vi vil stoppe nu.
2080
04:09:25,160 --> 04:09:27,287
Var der så mange jøder i kirken
2081
04:09:27,370 --> 04:09:29,831
da der var kristne i dag?
2082
04:09:38,048 --> 04:09:39,341
Næsten.
2083
04:09:39,424 --> 04:09:43,136
Hvor mange gas varevogne var nødvendigt at tømme den ud?
2084
04:09:53,772 --> 04:09:55,273
Et gennemsnit på 50.
2085
04:09:55,357 --> 04:09:57,901
Det tog 50 varevogne til at tømme det!
2086
04:09:58,777 --> 04:10:00,904
I en stadig strøm?
2087
04:10:04,616 --> 04:10:05,408
Ja.
2088
04:10:05,492 --> 04:10:07,410
Damen sagde før
2089
04:10:07,494 --> 04:10:11,623
at jødernes kufferter blev dumpet i huset overfor.
2090
04:10:15,043 --> 04:10:17,587
Hvad var der i denne bagage?
2091
04:10:22,092 --> 04:10:25,553
Gryder med falske bunde.
2092
04:10:25,804 --> 04:10:30,266
Hvad var der i de falske bunde?
2093
04:10:35,146 --> 04:10:37,774
Værdigenstande ... objekter af værdi.
2094
04:10:40,110 --> 04:10:43,947
De havde også guld i deres tøj.
2095
04:10:48,076 --> 04:10:52,539
Når de får mad, jøderne undertiden kastede dem værdigenstande
2096
04:10:52,622 --> 04:10:54,416
eller nogle gange penge.
2097
04:10:55,083 --> 04:10:59,379
De sagde før det blev forbudt at tale med jøder.
2098
04:11:05,844 --> 04:11:08,054
Absolut forbudt.
2099
04:11:11,266 --> 04:11:13,726
Spørg dem, hvis de går glip jøderne.
2100
04:11:20,525 --> 04:11:22,235
Selvfølgelig.
2101
04:11:25,029 --> 04:11:28,867
Vi græd også, siger fru.
2102
04:11:32,203 --> 04:11:36,207
Og Hr Kantarowski gav dem brød og agurker.
2103
04:11:45,383 --> 04:11:49,387
Hvorfor tror de alt dette skete med jøderne?
2104
04:11:56,811 --> 04:11:59,230
Fordi de var de rigeste!
2105
04:12:00,940 --> 04:12:05,820
Mange polakker blev også udryddet.
2106
04:12:05,904 --> 04:12:07,405
Selv præster.
2107
04:12:07,489 --> 04:12:09,365
Mr. Kantarowski ...
2108
04:12:15,038 --> 04:12:17,749
vil fortælle os, hvad en ven fortalte ham.
2109
04:12:17,832 --> 04:12:20,752
Det skete i Myndjewyce, nær Warszawa.
2110
04:12:20,835 --> 04:12:22,295
Fortsæt.
2111
04:12:40,438 --> 04:12:44,651
Jøderne blev samlet i en firkant.
2112
04:12:44,901 --> 04:12:48,947
Rabbineren spurgte en SS mand, ”kan jeg tale til dem?”
2113
04:12:49,405 --> 04:12:51,449
Vagten sagde ja.
2114
04:13:04,963 --> 04:13:09,717
Så rabbiner sagde, at omkring 2.000 år siden,
2115
04:13:09,801 --> 04:13:14,305
jøderne fordømte uskyldige Kristus til døden.
2116
04:13:25,483 --> 04:13:28,903
Og da de gjorde det, de råbte,
2117
04:13:28,987 --> 04:13:33,283
”Lad hans blod falder på vores hoveder og på vores sønners hoveder.”
2118
04:13:47,463 --> 04:13:51,175
Så fortalte rabbineren dem,
2119
04:13:51,259 --> 04:13:56,681
”Måske er tiden inde til det, så lad os gøre noget.
2120
04:13:57,140 --> 04:14:00,852
Lad os gå, lad os gøre som vi bliver bedt om.”
2121
04:14:00,935 --> 04:14:03,980
Han mener jøderne sonet Kristi død?
2122
04:14:10,361 --> 04:14:13,948
Han mener ikke, det er tilfældet, eller endda, at Kristus søgte hævn.
2123
04:14:14,032 --> 04:14:17,535
Han sagde ikke, at. Den rabbiner sagde det.
2124
04:14:20,663 --> 04:14:23,541
Det var Guds vilje, det er alt!
2125
04:14:39,098 --> 04:14:41,476
- Hvad sagde hun? - Så Pilatus vaskede sine hænder
2126
04:14:41,559 --> 04:14:46,648
og sagde: ”Kristus er uskyldig,” sendte han Barabbas.
2127
04:14:46,731 --> 04:14:48,816
Men Jøderne råbte:
2128
04:14:48,900 --> 04:14:51,903
”Lad hans blod falder på vores hoveder.”
2129
04:14:54,864 --> 04:14:56,991
Det er alt. Nu ved du det!
2130
04:16:21,075 --> 04:16:24,579
Var vejen mellem Chelmno, landsbyen
2131
04:16:24,662 --> 04:16:26,748
og skoven, hvor pitten var,
2132
04:16:26,831 --> 04:16:29,333
blev det asfalteret som det er nu?
2133
04:16:45,433 --> 04:16:50,188
Vejen var smallere derefter, men den blev asfalteret.
2134
04:16:59,781 --> 04:17:03,534
Hvor mange fødder var pitten fra vejen?
2135
04:17:28,226 --> 04:17:32,396
De var omkring 1600 fod,
2136
04:17:32,480 --> 04:17:35,775
måske 1.900 eller 2.200 fødder væk.
2137
04:17:36,901 --> 04:17:41,405
Så selv fra vejen, kunne man ikke se dem.
2138
04:17:55,253 --> 04:17:57,755
Hvor hurtigt har vans gå?
2139
04:18:01,050 --> 04:18:04,262
PAN FALBORSKI
2140
04:18:04,595 --> 04:18:09,308
Ved moderat hastighed, slags langsom.
2141
04:18:27,118 --> 04:18:28,619
Det var en beregnet hastighed
2142
04:18:28,703 --> 04:18:34,083
fordi de var nødt til at dræbe folk inde på vejen.
2143
04:18:34,166 --> 04:18:35,960
Da de gik for hurtigt,
2144
04:18:36,043 --> 04:18:40,464
folk var ikke helt død ved ankomsten i skoven.
2145
04:18:40,715 --> 04:18:47,138
Ved at gå langsommere, de havde tid til at dræbe folk inde.
2146
04:18:48,180 --> 04:18:52,435
Når en varevogn skred på en kurve.
2147
04:19:05,156 --> 04:19:07,992
En halv time senere, jeg ankom
2148
04:19:08,075 --> 04:19:11,454
ved hytten af en skov fængselsinspektør ved navn Senajak.
2149
04:19:22,632 --> 04:19:26,594
Han fortalte mig, Ӯrgerligt du var sent.
2150
04:19:26,677 --> 04:19:29,263
Du kunne have set en van der skred.
2151
04:19:29,347 --> 04:19:32,642
Den bageste del af van åbnet,
2152
04:19:33,017 --> 04:19:35,853
og jøderne faldt ud på vejen.
2153
04:19:38,940 --> 04:19:40,858
De var stadig i live.
2154
04:19:46,822 --> 04:19:52,370
At se dem jøder crawling, en Gestapo mand
2155
04:19:52,453 --> 04:19:56,999
tog sin revolver og skød dem.
2156
04:20:09,136 --> 04:20:11,472
Han sluttede dem alle off.
2157
04:20:13,140 --> 04:20:18,229
Så de bragte jøder, der arbejdede i skoven.
2158
04:20:22,191 --> 04:20:25,611
De rettede van
2159
04:20:26,320 --> 04:20:29,573
og sætte ligene tilbage inde.”
2160
04:20:39,083 --> 04:20:41,085
Dette var vejen
2161
04:20:42,128 --> 04:20:47,091
gas varevogne anvendes.
2162
04:20:48,926 --> 04:20:52,555
Der var 80 personer i hver varevogn.
2163
04:20:57,768 --> 04:21:01,022
Da de ankom, sagde SS,
2164
04:21:01,105 --> 04:21:03,149
”Åbn dørene!”
2165
04:21:03,858 --> 04:21:09,155
Vi åbnede dem. Ligene tumlede lige ud.
2166
04:21:10,614 --> 04:21:13,159
En SS-mand sagde, ”2 mænd inde!”
2167
04:21:13,534 --> 04:21:19,248
Disse 2 mænd arbejdede på ovnene. De blev oplevet.
2168
04:21:20,458 --> 04:21:22,877
En anden SS mand skreg,
2169
04:21:22,960 --> 04:21:28,132
"Skynd dig! Den anden varevogn kommer!”
2170
04:21:29,008 --> 04:21:34,764
Vi arbejdede indtil hele forsendelsen blev brændt.
2171
04:21:39,518 --> 04:21:43,898
Det er, hvordan det gik, alt fuldtidsbrug. Så det gik.
2172
04:22:13,886 --> 04:22:18,349
Jeg husker, at når de var stadig i live.
2173
04:22:21,435 --> 04:22:24,230
Ovnene var fulde,
2174
04:22:26,398 --> 04:22:29,735
og de mennesker lå på jorden.
2175
04:22:30,402 --> 04:22:33,364
De var alle bevægende,
2176
04:22:33,447 --> 04:22:36,158
de kom tilbage til livet,
2177
04:22:39,370 --> 04:22:42,748
og når de blev kastet ind ovnene,
2178
04:22:42,832 --> 04:22:44,458
de var alle bevidste. I live.
2179
04:22:44,542 --> 04:22:48,045
De kunne føle ilden brænde dem.
2180
04:23:09,650 --> 04:23:15,030
Når vi byggede ovnene, jeg spekulerede på, hvad de var for.
2181
04:23:18,409 --> 04:23:20,786
En SS-mand fortalte mig,
2182
04:23:21,078 --> 04:23:25,958
”For at gøre kul. Til tøjvask strygejern.”
2183
04:23:26,917 --> 04:23:29,420
Det er, hvad han fortalte mig. Jeg vidste ikke.
2184
04:23:32,590 --> 04:23:35,634
Når ovnene blev afsluttet,
2185
04:23:37,761 --> 04:23:40,890
logfilerne sat i
2186
04:23:40,973 --> 04:23:44,768
og benzinen hældes på og tændte,
2187
04:23:46,604 --> 04:23:49,607
og når den første gas van ankom,
2188
04:23:50,065 --> 04:23:55,112
så vidste vi, hvorfor ovnene blev bygget.
2189
04:24:04,872 --> 04:24:08,334
Da jeg så alt det, gjorde det ikke påvirke mig.
2190
04:24:09,501 --> 04:24:14,215
Heller ikke 2. eller 3. forsendelse.
2191
04:24:17,134 --> 04:24:20,304
Jeg var kun 13,
2192
04:24:20,638 --> 04:24:24,558
og alt hvad jeg havde nogensinde set indtil da
2193
04:24:24,642 --> 04:24:28,145
var døde kroppe.
2194
04:24:32,733 --> 04:24:34,902
Måske forstod jeg ikke.
2195
04:24:35,736 --> 04:24:41,325
Måske hvis jeg havde været ældre ville jeg har forstået,
2196
04:24:41,408 --> 04:24:43,327
men faktum er, jeg ikke.
2197
04:24:43,535 --> 04:24:47,414
Jeg havde aldrig set noget andet.
2198
04:24:48,332 --> 04:24:53,087
I ghettoen, så jeg ... i ghettoen i Lodz,
2199
04:24:53,170 --> 04:24:57,675
at så snart nogen tog et skridt, faldt han død.
2200
04:24:58,008 --> 04:25:02,012
Jeg troede, det var den måde, tingene skulle være.
2201
04:25:02,388 --> 04:25:03,931
Det var normalt.
2202
04:25:04,014 --> 04:25:06,141
Jeg vil gå på gaderne i Lodz,
2203
04:25:07,351 --> 04:25:11,855
måske 100 yards, og der ville være 200 organer.
2204
04:25:14,858 --> 04:25:16,694
Folk var sultne.
2205
04:25:16,777 --> 04:25:20,239
De gik ud på gaden, og de faldt, faldt de ...
2206
04:25:21,448 --> 04:25:24,368
Sons tog deres fædres brød,
2207
04:25:24,451 --> 04:25:27,663
fædre tog deres sønner.
2208
04:25:27,746 --> 04:25:31,083
Alle ville holde sig i live.
2209
04:25:33,210 --> 04:25:36,297
Så da jeg kom her, til Chelmno,
2210
04:25:36,797 --> 04:25:38,632
Jeg var allerede ...
2211
04:25:39,383 --> 04:25:42,386
Jeg var ligeglad med noget.
2212
04:25:42,970 --> 04:25:48,434
Jeg tænkte, hvis jeg overlever,
2213
04:25:48,517 --> 04:25:50,728
Jeg vil bare én ting:
2214
04:25:52,271 --> 04:25:54,606
5 brød at spise.
2215
04:25:54,690 --> 04:25:56,275
Det er alt.
2216
04:25:56,525 --> 04:25:59,069
Det var hvad jeg tænkte.
2217
04:25:59,153 --> 04:26:00,946
Men jeg drømte også,
2218
04:26:01,030 --> 04:26:04,450
at hvis jeg overlevede, ville jeg være den eneste tilbage i verden,
2219
04:26:04,533 --> 04:26:07,202
ikke en anden sjæl. Kun mig. En.
2220
04:26:13,667 --> 04:26:17,755
Kun mig tilbage i verden, hvis jeg kommer ud herfra.
2221
04:26:34,521 --> 04:26:37,274
Ruhr
2222
04:26:38,776 --> 04:26:43,989
"Statshemmelighed," hemmelige Reich forretning.
2223
04:26:46,033 --> 04:26:49,620
”Berlin, 5. juni, 1942.
2224
04:26:52,623 --> 04:26:57,753
Ændringer der skal foretages i specialkøretøjer nu i tjeneste
2225
04:26:57,961 --> 04:27:00,297
ved Kulmhof (Chelmno)
2226
04:27:00,672 --> 04:27:02,674
og til dem, der nu ved at blive bygget.
2227
04:27:08,180 --> 04:27:11,100
Siden december 1941
2228
04:27:11,975 --> 04:27:18,399
97.000 er blevet behandlet (verarbeitet på tysk)
2229
04:27:19,316 --> 04:27:23,237
af de 3 køretøjer i brug, uden større hændelse.
2230
04:27:25,531 --> 04:27:30,077
I lyset af bemærkninger indtil videre, dog
2231
04:27:30,160 --> 04:27:33,455
Der er behov for følgende tekniske ændringer:
2232
04:27:34,665 --> 04:27:35,999
Først,
2233
04:27:36,875 --> 04:27:42,423
van normale belastning er normalt 9 til 10 per kvadrat værftet.
2234
04:27:44,842 --> 04:27:48,846
I Saurer køretøjer, som er meget rummelig,
2235
04:27:50,013 --> 04:27:53,642
maksimal udnyttelse af rummet er umuligt,
2236
04:27:54,351 --> 04:27:57,521
ikke på grund af en eventuel overbelastning,
2237
04:27:58,856 --> 04:28:02,359
men fordi lastning til fuld kapacitet
2238
04:28:02,443 --> 04:28:06,113
ville påvirke køretøjets stabilitet.
2239
04:28:07,781 --> 04:28:11,994
Så reduktion af belastningen rum synes nødvendigt.
2240
04:28:14,246 --> 04:28:17,666
Det må absolut reduceres med et værft,
2241
04:28:17,749 --> 04:28:22,296
i stedet for at forsøge at løse problemet, som hidtil,
2242
04:28:22,379 --> 04:28:25,924
ved at reducere antallet af stykker indlæst.
2243
04:28:29,136 --> 04:28:34,600
Ud over dette forlænger driftstiden,
2244
04:28:36,268 --> 04:28:40,647
som det tomrum også skal fyldes med kulilte.
2245
04:28:42,399 --> 04:28:46,820
På den anden side, hvis belastningen rummet reduceres
2246
04:28:47,446 --> 04:28:50,449
og køretøjet pakket fast,
2247
04:28:51,241 --> 04:28:55,496
driftstiden kan afkortes betydeligt.
2248
04:28:56,955 --> 04:29:00,709
Producenterne fortalte os under en diskussion,
2249
04:29:01,293 --> 04:29:05,047
at reducere størrelsen af van bageste
2250
04:29:05,631 --> 04:29:08,175
ville smide det dårligt ud af balance.
2251
04:29:09,259 --> 04:29:13,138
Forakslen, de hævder vil blive overbelastet.
2252
04:29:16,308 --> 04:29:21,980
Faktisk er balancen automatisk genoprettes
2253
04:29:23,190 --> 04:29:26,276
fordi varen ombord
2254
04:29:27,444 --> 04:29:31,031
skærme, under operationen,
2255
04:29:31,114 --> 04:29:35,452
en naturlig tendens til at haste til bagdørene,
2256
04:29:36,662 --> 04:29:41,708
og er hovedsageligt fundet liggende der i slutningen af operationen.
2257
04:29:44,294 --> 04:29:49,258
Så forakslen ikke overbelastes.
2258
04:29:54,388 --> 04:29:55,973
For det andet:
2259
04:29:58,225 --> 04:30:03,897
Belysningen skal beskyttes bedre end nu.
2260
04:30:06,149 --> 04:30:09,444
Lamperne skal være anbragt i en stål gitter
2261
04:30:09,528 --> 04:30:12,447
at forhindre deres væsen beskadiget.
2262
04:30:14,533 --> 04:30:17,202
Lys kunne elimineres,
2263
04:30:17,286 --> 04:30:20,831
da de tilsyneladende er aldrig brugt.
2264
04:30:22,874 --> 04:30:27,129
Det er imidlertid blevet observeret,
2265
04:30:27,212 --> 04:30:29,756
at når dørene er lukket,
2266
04:30:30,757 --> 04:30:36,763
belastningen altid presser hårdt mod dem
2267
04:30:36,847 --> 04:30:39,182
(Mod dørene)
2268
04:30:39,266 --> 04:30:41,977
så snart mørket sætter ind.
2269
04:30:42,894 --> 04:30:46,189
Dette skyldes, at belastningen
2270
04:30:46,815 --> 04:30:49,860
naturligt styrter mod lyset
2271
04:30:51,403 --> 04:30:53,363
når mørket sætter ind,
2272
04:30:54,698 --> 04:30:57,826
hvilket gør lukke dørene vanskelig.
2273
04:31:00,245 --> 04:31:05,917
Også på grund af den alarmerende karakter af mørke,
2274
04:31:07,252 --> 04:31:13,091
skrigende altid opstår, når dørene er lukket.
2275
04:31:15,385 --> 04:31:18,555
Det ville derfor være nyttigt at tænde lampen
2276
04:31:19,556 --> 04:31:23,226
før og under de første øjeblikke af operationen.
2277
04:31:26,313 --> 04:31:27,814
Tredje:
2278
04:31:30,067 --> 04:31:32,861
For nem rengøring af køretøjet,
2279
04:31:33,737 --> 04:31:38,784
der skal være en lukket afløb i midten af gulvet.
2280
04:31:40,577 --> 04:31:45,957
Drænhul dæksel, 8 til 12 inches i diameter,
2281
04:31:46,958 --> 04:31:49,544
ville være udstyret med en skrå fælde,
2282
04:31:50,462 --> 04:31:53,548
således at fl uid væsker
2283
04:31:57,010 --> 04:32:00,263
kan løbe af under operationen.
2284
04:32:05,686 --> 04:32:07,562
Under rengøringen
2285
04:32:07,771 --> 04:32:12,442
afløbet kan bruges til at evakuere store stykker larmen.
2286
04:32:22,494 --> 04:32:25,622
De førnævnte tekniske ændringer
2287
04:32:25,706 --> 04:32:28,291
Der skal foretages til køretøjer i brug
2288
04:32:28,375 --> 04:32:32,045
kun når de kommer ind til reparation.
2289
04:32:34,631 --> 04:32:38,135
Med hensyn til de 10 køretøjer bestilt fra Saurer,
2290
04:32:41,805 --> 04:32:47,728
de skal være udstyret med alle fornyelser og ændringer
2291
04:32:48,812 --> 04:32:52,107
vist ved anvendelse og erfaring for at være nødvendig.
2292
04:32:54,985 --> 04:32:59,614
Fremsendes til afgørelse til Gruppenleiter II D,
2293
04:32:59,698 --> 04:33:04,161
SS-Obersturmbannführer Walter Rauff.
2294
04:33:06,079 --> 04:33:08,707
Signeret Just.”
2295
04:33:19,050 --> 04:33:22,012
SLUT FØRSTE ERA159297
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