All language subtitles for World.War.II.with.Tom.Hanks.S01E09.1080p.x265-ELiTE

1939.

War with Germany is looming,

and the British know they will need
every advantage to stop the Nazis.

They create one in a small group

of brilliant mathematicians
and scholars

assigned to work secretly

in a quiet country home
called Bletchley Park.

With the help
of a discovery first made

by Polish intelligence officers,

this team will work
to break the key to the Enigma code,

the encryption used for
German military communications.

This crucial step is
the first of many

in the intelligence war waged
by the Allies.

All wars change the world.

But none of them change the world
like the Second World War did.

Japan's on the march.

Germany's on the march.

No one can imagine the nightmare
they're about to unleash.

The most destructive war
in human history.

Suddenly, the world is
turned upside down.

And all hell is let loose.

The west is stunned
by the speed of the advance.

You get the Allies led
by the big three:

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin.

Men who are dealing with
immensely complicated questions.

It's the biggest military
operation of human history.

The Allies have to come together -

not just militarily
but industrial scale.

It's a global perspective.

They have to fight
in every climate -

from the Arctic,
to the jungles of the Pacific

to the deserts of Africa
and the depths of the ocean.

But there was
no certainty of victory.

It was going to be
a horrific bloodbath.

We see humans
at their absolute worst,

how they treat other human beings.

And we see them
at their absolute best,

willing to give their lives
that others might live.

World War Two was a struggle

in which there could be
one victor...

...and one vanquished.

In the summer of 1940,

Great Britain is threatened
by Nazi Germany.

Adolf Hitler's armies have torn
through Poland,

Scandinavia, and Western Europe.

Even France has fallen.

Prime Minister Winston Churchill
fears Britain will be next.

The first few weeks
of Winston Churchill's

prime ministership are
probably the worst

and most disastrous weeks
in the history of Britain.

The most catastrophic defeat
on the continent of Europe.

Outclassed by the German Wehrmacht

and the Luftwaffe
in the skies above.

Britain is facing defeat
and starvation.

By 1940, the British position
looks practically hopeless.

They've met the Wehrmacht
a couple of times,

and on both occasions -
Norway and Dunkirk -

they wound up running away,

evacuating from
the continent under fire.

I think, when you face

the enormity of the challenge
Britain faced in 1940...

if you're up against
a stronger army,

you've got to find other ways
to get round them.

The British have been working
to crack enemy military codes

since the outbreak
of World War One in 1914.

Alastair Denniston leads
the British Government's

Code and Cipher School,

located at Bletchley Park,

an old manor house
in the English countryside.

He served as an intelligence officer

in the Royal Navy
in World War One,

and has spent
his entire career in cryptology.

Denniston predicted
that accurate cryptanalysis

of the Wehrmacht's codes would be

an important weapon
in any war with Germany.

We talk about
the German way of war.

Sometimes, we say "Blitzkrieg"
or "lightning war."

It's about tanks.
It's about aircraft.

It's about mobile infantry,
and, of course, artillery...

...all working together
in the greatest possible harmony.

They need to be able

to communicate
with each other in real time.

Vast technical improvements in radio

in the '20s and '30s
make this possible.

The radio is as important
to the Blitzkrieg

as the tank
or the Stuka dive bomber.

It is Alastair Denniston
who realises

that this German reliance
on technical means of communication

is also a real Achilles heel.

If someone can step
into that communications loop,

they can intercept
German reconnaissance reports,

German orders.

They can intercept, in a sense,
German intentions.

Denniston understands
that signals intelligence...

is essential to combat Germany's

new mechanised tactics.

If you don't have vast
numbers of tanks

and you don't have the luxury
of overwhelming military force,

you need to find a way to win a war.

And that can involve using
a bit of this: intelligence.

It provides
an incredible force multiplier,

particularly
when you're outnumbered.

It may give you that chance that
you never thought you had before.

But cracking the German
ciphers is seemingly impossible.

They're created
by a complex device.

The Enigma machine.

The Enigma machine
itself looks like

a cross between a cash register
and a typewriter.

And it's an electromagnetic machine

that scrambles plain text
into a code.

You would press the key...

...and that instigates
an electric pulse

that would run
through a set of rotors.

As they turn, it produces
what we call ciphertext.

If you press the D...

...it would come out as a T.

If you press the D again...

...it would not come out
as a T again.

It would come out as a Z...

...or some other random letter.

The word "Hitler,"
for example,

if used in a message,
is scrambled.

This version is sent
using Morse code

to the operator of another Enigma
Machine with the same settings.

When the encoded word is typed in,

it's possible to decipher
the original message.

It was a unique machine. Germany
was leading the world in this.

It turns
every German frontline position

in World War Two
into a veritable data

and information processing centre.

And to make
the entire process secure,

there is the Enigma machine.

The Germans believe
their signals are secure

because of the complexity hardwired
into the Enigma machine.

The great thing
about the Enigma machine is

the vast number of ways
that it can be set up every day.

If I've got three rotors,

Each rotor can have
one of 26 positions.

So that's 26 times 26 times 26,

which is 17,500 different ways
of setting that up.

That sounds like a big number,
but it's not.

Here is where it gets fun because,
on the front of the machine,

the Germans have installed
an extra device,

which is called "The Plug Board."

If you had ten cables,

it's 150 million-million
different ways

to set up the plug board.

So if you multiply all these
different options together...

...you end up
with 156 million-million-million

different ways of setting it up,
which is more, I think,

than there have been seconds
in the universe.

The Germans figured -

and I think justifiably -
that it was unbreakable.

But Denniston believes

it's possible to crack
the Enigma codes.

He spends years recruiting
mathematicians,

linguists, and scholars
from Britain's top universities.

He reached out
to the academic communities -

to Cambridge and Oxford -
and he'd go to dinner with them.

And he was kind of sussing out,
you know, who's good at this,

who might be useful, looking
especially at mathematicians.

It was a professional challenge.

You're a mathematician.
You've got a problem.

You want to solve that problem.

And here's the added benefit that
you're doing it for your country,

and for your family,
so that they don't have

to grow up speaking German.

A key recruit
to Bletchley Park is

a young academic
from the University of Cambridge.

An eccentric genius named
Alan Turing.

Let me tell you
a bit about my uncle, Alan Turing.

He has always been interested

in everything to do
with science and maths.

He likes the planets.
He likes chemistry.

He likes genetics.

But what he's really interested in
is logic problems.

Mathematical logic.

Turing is only 27 years old,

but he's already
a world-renowned leader

in the solving
of mathematical problems

with the help
of mechanical devices.

One of the greatest contributions
that Alan Turing brings

to code-breaking in this era is

to understand that,
to attack the Enigma machine,

the British will need
their own machine.

Turing begins by studying

the critical work
of Polish codebreakers.

Before the War,

these men built a machine
that could sift through

the many variations
of the early Enigma settings.

In 1939...

fearing the Nazis were about
to invade their country,

the Poles presented
their device to the British

and French Intelligence Services.

Turing now assembles
a radically upgraded

British version of this machine:
The Bombe.

It's huge. Imagine a wardrobe,
maybe a bit bigger.

Very noisy, very clunky.

The British feed intercepted
German signals into the Bombe.

Then, it rotates
through the millions

of possible Enigma settings...

...and,
by a process of elimination,

reduces these to a smaller number
that can be deciphered,

revealing the original message.

This is a sort of behemoth,

the like of which has
never been seen before.

It's got 100 rotating drums.

It's got 1 million
soldered connections.

How is this monster
going to deliver?

Turing and his team are in a race

against time and Adolf Hitler.

In August 1940,

his Luftwaffe begins to attack

Royal Air Force bases
in the South of England.

The Battle of Britain has begun.

Hitler has ordered
the Luftwaffe

to destroy the Royal Air Force
and its bases

before he invades
Great Britain by sea.

The defence
of the country depends

on the young RAF pilots and airmen
sent up to defend Britain.

At Bletchley Park,

Turing and his team have been
working to improve the Bombe.

And now, they're decrypting
the Luftwaffe's Enigma signals.

You have got
these extraordinary individuals -

certainly not
your carbon-copy military types -

who have achieved
what was believed

to be impossible.

Turing calls
his new machine "Victory."

After decryption,

teams decode the German signals,

then feed the intelligent to the
Royal Air Force fighter command.

Bletchley Park is absolutely vital

for the British defence
in the Battle of Britain.

Why?

Because it reveals
the Luftwaffe order of battle.

So you can see
who's going where, when.

And better still, it also reveals
that the Germans have

these direction-finding beams
for their aircraft.

And if you can intercept
those beams,

you know where
the aircraft are going in advance.

And you could therefore defend
those targets far more adequately.

It also reveals the true extent

of German aircraft losses.

Now, that's a really important
piece of information for the RAF

because they know that
the Germans are getting hammered.

So it is absolutely vital.

The work
at Bletchley Park is crucial

to the RAF's victory
in the Battle of Britain.

Hitler indefinitely postpones
the invasion.

The scope and scale
of the code-breaking operation

expands with its success.

The initial stage is
the collection

of the signals themselves

at interception sites dotted

all around the UK and overseas.

Any signals that are encrypted
would be relayed

via teleprinter
or via a dispatch rider

who would relay the material
back to Bletchley Park.

Now, Alan Turing's
Bombe machine starts

the key part
of your encryption process.

Then, specialised teams
will finalise that

and decrypt that message.

But it's in German now.
So now you've got translators

who are working to translate
the message into English.

We needed linguists.

We needed to people who were good

at clerical administrative tasks
and typing,

which is why the site mushroomed
in terms of numbers and scale.

Finally, you need
to analyse the message

and send it out to commanders
in the field,

so that they can put it into use.

This was to produce intelligence
for all theatres of war.

It wasn't just producing
material for Europe.

It was producing intelligence

from North Africa,
the Middle East, the Far East.

This was a global war,
and it needed global intelligence.

The Enigma signals
intelligence generated

by Bletchley Park is given a name -

"ULTRA" for "ultra secret."

Winston Churchill is
its biggest champion.

He has long-believed

that intelligence will help
the Allies win the war.

For a general or a politician,
to be able to read

the innermost thoughts of your enemy
is like a superpower.

Churchill would look at these
intelligence reports in his bath,

in his bedroom,
out in the garden.

He wanted to see
the raw intelligence.

He was fascinated by it.

And Churchill could see that,
in Bletchley Park,

he had a potentially
war-winning tool.

He made sure they had
the resources they needed.

He made sure they had access to him.
He said that they could get

in touch with him
any hour of the day,

no matter what.

Churchill understands

how important
military intelligence can be.

He was Home Secretary and led MI5,

Britain's domestic
Intelligence Service.

Heil eurem Fuehrer!

Heil! Heil, Fuehrer!

Hitler, on the other hand,
has long been sceptical

of the usefulness
of military intelligence.

I don't think
Hitler values intelligence

in the same way that Churchill did.

Hitler is a guy
who believes in his instincts.

He believes in his vision.

Hitler is so caught

in his own ideological thinking

that he rejects
out of hand intelligence

that doesn't go along
with his worldview.

He doesn't rely on it all that much.

German military intelligence
- the Abwehr -

is led by Admiral Wilhelm Canaris.

Canaris has planned German espionage
campaigns all over the world,

including in the United States.

By all accounts, Hitler is largely
very impressed by him.

Canaris is very sophisticated.

He's really on top of his job.

He's terrifically well informed.

And he has some good ideas.

But Canaris is a realist,

and the Abwehr's intelligence is
often too candid for the Fuehrer.

He keeps coming up
with reports that suggest

that a war with Britain would
be a long, hard war,

that a war with the United States
would be unwinnable,

that even a war with the Soviet
Union would be much more difficult.

Nobody wants to hear
from pessimists right now,

especially an invincible Hitler
at the height of his power.

Hitler believed predominantly
in military might.

The great German military machine.

And to be honest,
he has great reason

to believe in the might of his army
because it's achieving things

that have never
been achieved before.

In Britain,
Churchill doesn't have

the military resources

to attack Germany on the ground.

So he creates
the Special Operations Executive,

which launches espionage
and sabotage campaigns

throughout Nazi-occupied Europe.

But Churchill knows
that this is not enough.

He needs an ally.

He needs the United States.

After months
of Luftwaffe attacks,

Prime Minister Winston Churchill
is determined

to persuade the United States
to enter the War.

Without America as an Ally,

he fears Hitler will
defeat Great Britain

and absorb the British Empire.

One way for Churchill to gain
American confidence and support...

...is to share critical intelligence
and information

with the United States.

Churchill is so desperate
to get the Americans into the War

that he does really anything
he can to woo them.

He wants the Americans
to be impressed.

He wants the Americans
to enter this alliance,

come into the War with confidence.

And what could be more persuasive

than showing off
to the Americans,

telling them
that you're on the way to building

a pretty complete picture
of everything your enemy is doing

and thinking and saying in private.

That's an Ally you want to have.

In February 1941,

the first American delegation
comes to Bletchley Park.

Winston Churchill
gives authorisation.

From then...

the American and
British Partnership really started

to move at pace; it blossomed.

Intelligence officers
from both countries work together

throughout 1941.

But, in December,
when Japan attacks Pearl Harbor...

...cooperation evolves
into alliance.

America is now at war with Japan.

And days later... with Germany.

America has almost
no Intelligence Service

before we enter the War.

So there's Army
and Navy code-breakers.

But there's no equivalent

of the British Foreign
Intelligence Service.

American Intelligence is
like a cottage industry.

You know,
it's at a pre-industrial stage

before Pearl Harbor occurs.

Now the United States works
with Britain to establish the OSS,

the Office of Strategic Services.

But as the Americans
enter the War,

the Germans still control a large
portion of Soviet territory.

And the Japanese continue

to sweep through the Pacific
and Southeast Asia.

By 1942...
you have an unprecedented...

trans-Atlantic collaboration,

intelligence sharing on every level.

The Americans are
in every department

in Bletchley Park
working alongside Britain.

So this is a really significant,
enduring partnership.

ULTRA's success gives
the Allies an advantage -

especially in the crucial
Battle of the North Atlantic.

It reveals the location
of Nazi U-boats,

allowing Allied navies
to avoid German Wolf Packs,

and safely re-route
the all-important convoys.

It has an incredible impact
on the Battle of the Atlantic.

As a matter of fact,
it swings the entire battle

in the Allies' favour.

Despite this,
most of the German High Command

still believe
the Enigma codes are unbreakable.

But Admiral Karl Donitz,

the Commander
of the Nazi U-boat fleet,

cannot understand how Allied ships
keep sailing around his submarines.

Admiral Donitz is by far

the most security-obsessed
military leader

in the German war machine.

And he sniffed out the fact

that we're rerouting our convoys.

Admiral Donitz orders
an examination

into the integrity
of the Enigma codes and ciphers.

His intelligence officers insist

that the system is impregnable.

They argue that the Allies are
using radar to track U-boats.

Or that there are spies
in the German Navy.

They launch investigations
to identify possible traitors.

The Germans are so convinced
that it is unbreakable

that they don't see what's going on,

even if it stares them
into the face.

They never try to prove
that it has been broken.

They always try to prove
that it cannot be broken,

meaning that they always end up

at their preferred answer -

everything is fine.

In February 1942,

Donitz orders a security upgrade
to the Enigma machine.

A fourth rotor is added,

strengthening the encryption
even further.

In 1942,

the German U-boat flotillas changed

from the M3 to the M4 Enigma,
adding a fourth rotor,

which added a huge layer of
complexity to attacking the cipher.

Basically, it takes the odds

of 150 million-million-million
to one from the three-rotor

up to an unfathomable...

92 septillion to one shot.

This addition is
a major setback

for Bletchley Park
in the North Atlantic.

It's almost like
the light's going out

on a grid of an electrical pattern.

You can't find submarines anymore.

Once again,
German U-boats pose

a grave threat
to Allied shipping.

Intelligence officers
at Bletchley Park are no longer able

to decrypt German naval signals.

To utilise ULTRA
in the Battle of the Atlantic again,

the British will attempt
to seize the codebooks

the Germans use to set
their Enigma machines.

The Allies are on the verge of
losing the Battle of the Atlantic.

The first half of 1942 is
once again referred to

as the "Happy Time"
by German U-boat commanders.

One thing that can
help the Allies is

to restart ULTRA in the Atlantic.

But they need to decrypt
the new Enigma messages.

This code material is
absolutely priceless

for the code-breakers
of Bletchley Park.

It was used to set up the machine.

It shows how it's supposed
to be configured

for every single day
of every single month.

The British launch secret raids

to extract any intelligence
they can find

on German submarines, ships,
and military facilities,

including Enigma codebooks.

They call the raids
"pinch operations."

"Pinch" is British slang
for "stealing."

British Intelligence Officer
Lieutenant Commander Ian Fleming

helps to coordinate
pinch operations.

Ian Fleming ends up

at the Department of Naval
Intelligence almost by accident.

He's got no experience
in intelligence work,

but he very quickly finds his feet.

He has this gift for analysis

and weighing up
intelligence options.

Fleming, who later writes
the James Bond novels,

plans a pinch operation
in connection with an Allied raid.

Operation Jubilee will be
a large amphibious landing,

essentially a dress-rehearsal
for the expected invasion of Europe.

It involves 1,000 aircraft

and more than 230 ships.

Their target is the heavily
fortified French port of Dieppe.

The Allies know
they're going to have to stage

a landing in Western Europe

in order to win the war
against Hitler's Germany -

it's a test to see
if you can seize a port.

At the centre of this was
the Royal Marine Commando,

which were a British unit,

but the vast majority were
Canadian infantry.

And then, of course,
this was the debut

of the United States of America.

There were 50 United States Rangers

that were going to go
into combat on European soil

in the Second World War
for the first time.

Lieutenant Commander Fleming
and a small team

called 30 Assault Unit

are part of the raiding force.

They have a specific objective.

With Fleming coordinating
aboard ship,

30 AU will attempt to enter

the German Navy's
regional headquarters

and a nearby supply depot.

Both will likely contain codebooks
for the new Enigma machines.

From a pinch perspective...

what is really important
about Dieppe is

that they have all these code books
waiting to be distributed,

not only for the next month,
but months in advance.

But after initial success,

the landing at Dieppe disintegrates.

It is absolutely Hell.

You've got to run up this beach,
carrying all your kit and a rifle.

And of course,
you've got German machine guns,

mortars, artillery,
you name it, firing at you.

It becomes an absolute slaughter.

Over half of the Allied
forces at Dieppe are killed,

wounded, or captured.

Most of 30 Assault Unit's
men are killed.

At the end of the day,
they come away with nothing,

despite all the bloodshed.

The raid on Dieppe is
a failure from every angle.

But the British still need
German codebooks

and intelligence to revive ULTRA.

Allied ships are ordered to make
seizing German intelligence

a part of every mission,
when possible.

In the fall of 1942,

HMS Petard is one
of a small destroyer groups

sent to hunt Nazi U-Boats.

When they locate U-559,

they launch depth charges...

...and force it
to the surface.

The U-Boat crew abandon
their submarine.

It was sinking slowly.

And this gives the opportunity
for the crew of HMS Petard

to actually board the U-boat

and try to pinch
and capture the material

from the sinking U-boat
as it's going down.

Three men rush inside -

Lieutenant Tony Fasson,

Able Seaman Colin Grazier,

and a 16-year-old
canteen assistant, Tommy Brown.

They're down there
working with flashlights,

ransacking the place,
looking for anything.

But it's a race against time

because the U-boat is starting
to fill with water.

The three British sailors
have minutes

to find useful intelligence.

Three British sailors
desperately search

a crippled U-Boat
as it begins to sink.

What they find could
help win the War.

They go down
to the signals office.

Then, they go into the
captain's cabin, and sure enough,

find the material
and a whole lot of it.

These guys, freezing cold,

petrified, are below deck

feeding crucial,
rich signals intelligence -

these cipher books -

up the conning tower.

Almost like a conveyor belt,
one guy to another, to another.

Suddenly,
the submarine takes on

this huge rush of water...

...the pressure of which pushes
the teenager Tommy

out of the conning tower
like a cork from a bottle.

But tragically, it kills the two men

who have done
this VITAL work below deck.

They're actually trapped...
as the water starts to come in,

and they give their lives
to affect the pinch operation,

which changes the course
of the intelligence war.

The courage of
these three British sailors means

Bletchley Park can once again decode

the German navy's Enigma messages.

But now, the code-breakers become
victims of their own success.

The number of enemy signals
they intercept

and decode grows so rapidly

that the Bombe machines
can no longer handle

the sheer volume
of material fed into them.

The Allies need
to process military intelligence

on an industrial scale.

So, Great Britain turns to its Ally:

the United States.

We send our most precious asset...

the other side of the Atlantic;
we send Alan Turing to America.

In the winter of 1942,

Turing meets Joe Desch,
an electrical engineer

at the National Cash
Register Company in Dayton, Ohio.

As a result, the Bombe machines
evolve into an electrical,

as well as a mechanical,
weapon against the Third Reich.

Desch's machine is
transformative technology.

He's invented the first...

electronic computer memory.

The new machines are
six times faster...

...and are mass-produced
in the hundreds.

By decrypting messages
at such speed and scale...

...the Allies are able to access
key German information

and, in combination with a mosaic
of intelligence operations -

deception, espionage,
and sabotage -

they can corroborate
that their secret war is working.

In the Spring of 1943,

Allied Forces - under the leadership
of Dwight Eisenhower -

have forced the German and
Italian Armies out of North Africa.

The Allies' plan is
to next invade the island of Sicily.

The only real problem
with Sicily is

that it's somewhat
of an obvious target.

If you're looking at a map,

Sicily is the first big island.

The Allies believe
it's necessary to spread

a little disinformation around,

make Hitler
and the German planners think

the landing is coming
somewhere else,

perhaps in the Balkan Peninsula
to the east.

Anywhere but Sicily.

In February 1943,

Ian Fleming, and
other British intelligence officers,

formulate a plan.

It emerges from a list of ideas

known as "The Trout Memo."

The Trout Memo is so-called

because it uses fly fishing

as a kind of analogy

for conducting deception operations

against the Germans.

Now, it's widely believed that this
was largely written by Ian Fleming.

It's very much in his style.

And it shows
that very imaginative thinking

for which he's later going to be
absolutely renowned, of course.

Most of the suggestions in it
are pretty far-fetched.

But there's one
that actually does catch the eye,

and that's this idea of putting
false information on a corpse,

and then allowing it
to be discovered by the enemy.

Intelligence officers believe

this could be a way to feed
the Germans false plans

for an Allied invasion
of The Balkans.

It's a fiendish
and dastardly idea.

If the Germans believe
the false documents,

they will have the wrong idea

of what the Allies are going
to get up to.

The British name
the plan "Operation Mincemeat"

and present it to Eisenhower.

Eisenhower's buy-in is required

because Eisenhower is essentially
the theatre commander in the area.

It's also indicative
of American trust

in this particular operation.

With Eisenhower's approval,

British Intelligence moves
to the next stage.

They find the corpse
of a homeless man in Britain,

and they build
an entire story for him.

A lifetime that he never
actually enjoyed in person.

They give him a uniform.
They give him a career.

They put identity cards
in his wallet.

They give him pictures
of an imaginary girlfriend,

the lovely Pam.

He becomes Major Martin,
British Intelligence Officer.

The final step is to give
Major Martin a briefcase

containing fake plans for
an Allied invasion of The Balkans.

The Allies must now get
Major Martin's documents

into the hands of
Germany's intelligence chief,

Admiral Canaris.

In the early hours
of April 30th, 1943,

a British submarine drops a corpse

dressed in the uniform
of a Royal Marine

into the sea
off the west coast of Spain.

A briefcase is attached
to the corpse by a security chain.

The British hope
the documents inside the case...

will make their way
to Adolf Hitler in Berlin.

They've chosen
Francisco Franco's Spain

because they suspect
the Spanish will

pass the information to the Germans.

The British know
the German Intelligence Agencies,

especially the Abwehr
under Wilhelm Canaris,

have a really good relationship
with the Spanish.

So, this is a far more clever
and subtle way

of getting deception information
into German hands.

Rather than just dumping it
off the coast of Germany...

...put it off the coast of Spain,

and you've got a more plausible way

of that information
coming through the pipeline.

A Spanish fisherman
finds the body.

Soldiers guarding the coast take it
to Spanish Navy officers,

who tell German
Intelligence agents in Spain

what they've found.

But signals decrypted
at Bletchley Park

show the Germans are sceptical.

The German agents in Spain
simply don't take the bait.

Back in British intelligence,

there's this terrible panic

that Mincemeat is going to fail.

You know,
it's just going to be ignored.

To ignite interest
in Major Martin,

British Intelligence writes a letter
to the Spanish authorities,

demanding the return
of the briefcase

and the document inside.

They want to make it look

as though
the British are deeply worried,

as though, you know,
this really is...

a proper officer
with real plans on him.

This is a really daring gambit

because it may seem too obvious.

But, actually,
the British are lucky.

What that does is to get
the local German agents

to get hold of the plans

that "Major Martin" is carrying,

they photograph them,

and they send those photographs

back to their boss in Berlin:

Wilhelm Canaris.

Canaris is interested.

He examines the plans for days...

then hands them to Hitler.

The Fuhrer already suspects

the Allies will attack
through the Balkans,

so he's inclined
to believe the information.

But propaganda chief
Josef Goebbels is wary.

Goebbels is smart,
and Goebbels, after all,

is, you know, the Minister
for Propaganda, for Lies.

He knows what it means
to deceive people.

He thinks it's a bluff.

The information Canaris gives
Hitler confirms his instinct.

Two days later...

Bletchley Park decodes a message.

The Germans are moving troops
toward the Balkans.

Operation Mincemeat is working.

The work of Bletchley Park feeds

into a deception campaign like this
in a really important way.

ULTRA allows you to understand

whether your enemy is...

buying the deception
you're trying to sell.

We can see,

thanks to our Bletchley decryptions,

that Hitler is pulling Panzer units

to the Balkans, to Greece...

directly because
of one dead corpse

that's left floating
off the shores of Spain.

Two months later,
the Allies land in Sicily

and capture the island
more quickly than anticipated.

The depleted number
of German defenders is

a critical part of their success.

This is one
of the most successful

intelligence operations
of the Second World War.

Canaris's reputation
begins to suffer

after Operation Mincemeat.

As the War goes on, after that,

Canaris will be more and more...

disliked and distrusted by Hitler
and the other elites of the regime.

In 1944,

the Third Reich abolishes
the Abwehr,

and Canaris is accused of being
involved in a plot to kill Hitler.

A year later, he's hanged -

just weeks before the end
of World War Two.

Accurate intelligence is
critical to military victory.

But ultimately,
the outcome is determined by combat.

The decisive battle of the war
against Nazi Germany

is about to be fought -

at terrible cost -

in a strategically-important

Soviet city on the Volga river.
Subtitles by Sky Access Services