All language subtitles for Free Nelson Mandela S01E01 White Supremacy 1080p ALL4 WEB-DL AAC2 0 H 264-RAWR[EZTVx.to]

Nelson Mandela, leading member of
African National Congress, was accused

plotting sabotage to overthrow the South
African government by force.

It was in the earth that we're going to
be executed.

Remarkable demonstration by a crowd of
several hundred outside the courthouse

Pretoria.

I have cherished the idea of a
democratic and free society.

It is an idea for which I hope to live
for and to see realized.

But my Lord, if it needs be, it is an
idea

for which I am prepared to die.

How many leaders have that magnitude?

The Africans, they want political
independence.

Only Mandela.

We are fighting for a South Africa which
can only be led by him.

All over the world couldn't rest. We had
to get him out.

They've got no education.

They've only just come down from the
trees.

I will have nothing to do with any
organization that practices violence.

You know that this can never, has never,
and will never be right.

It was a global struggle against

blatant racism and oppression.

Social movement can change the world.

And music can have that political power.

We are here to celebrate Nelson Mandela!

You must free him, and in freeing him,
you free the people of South Africa.

Free Nelson Mandela!

For me as a child, The Transkei was the
center of the entire world.

My father was a chief.

He belonged to the royal house of
Cumberland.

There was a great deal of legend around
it.

My dad's name really is not Nelson. It's
Koli Shatla.

It's only when he went to school and the
white teacher couldn't pronounce Koli

Shatla that he was given the name
Nelson.

Koli Shatla means.

one who is brave enough to challenge the
status quo.

It was a real experience that my coming
to Johannesburg.

Then I became more sharply aware of
racism.

And then the feeling of bitterness
developed.

When he saw the dark living condition
and horrible condition of black people

were treated as slaves, actually he
became conscious.

The government denied us basic human
rights.

And they were very crude about it.

The clash of black and white.

The South African government's answer to
the problem is summed up in one word.

Apartheid. The segregation of European
from African.

What would you say is the purpose of all
this legislation?

to produce complete separation between
whites and blacks, except in the

relationship of master and servant.

The National Party was the party that
would protect us through legislation or

other means, whatever necessary, in
terms of our culture and our way of

The native, of course, is a man...

More of a child and has to be treated as
such. When you say treated as such,

what does that mean? Well, he hasn't our
standard of intelligence.

And when you ask him to do a thing or
tell him to do a thing, you must be

In 1948, when I was growing up, the
nationalist government came

in that introduced apartheid.

We saw people being possibly moved.

We saw people getting arrested.

We knew that the apartheid government
were violent and that they killed black

people.

I despise them.

They were full of evil.

But you can't fight discrimination as an
individual.

You need an organization.

And that's why I joined the African
National Communist.

Nelson Mandela and my father, Oliver
Tambo, they were like brothers.

They'd gone to Johannesburg together,
they'd started a law partnership

He was already what my father used to
call a born mass leader. But they got to

point where it became clear that the
only way to advance their people was not

through going to court and arguing
against racist judges. It was to be

in struggle.

From the very beginning, the African
National Congress has fought without

hesitation against all forms of racial
discrimination. And we shall continue to

do so until freedom is achieved.

Maibuye!

Maibuye is another South African song.

It comes from the township, location,
reservation, whichever.

And it's simply a plea to all Southern
Africans.

They come together, share their
problems.

We knew about Mandela because the ANC
would come and speak.

And we would say, my boy, Africa, we
just come back, Africa.

And that was the big slogan, my boy. And
all of us would say, Africa.

Music is very important in the
consciousness of the people of South

Miriam was a great star, you know. I
knew her through my brother.

He was also a great South African
musician.

She recognized that with a song, you
know, you could tell.

A bigger story. And it changed, you
know, the whole way in which

people fought injustice.

We have been brought up in the tradition
of non -violence and this was followed.

But the government took advantage of our
commitment.

Demonstrations against the South African
government's strict apartheid policies.

flare into shocking violence.

More than 60 Africans, including women
and children, were killed, and more than

170 were injured when the police opened
fire on a crowd estimated at 20 ,000.

Now, if the government doesn't give you
the kind of concessions that you want,

sometime soon.

Is there any likelihood of violence?

There are many people who feel that it
is useless and futile for us to continue

talking peace and nonviolence against a
government whose reply is only savage

attacks.

I think the time has come for us to
consider whether the methods which we

applied so far are adequate.

The government closed all channels of
communication.

The instruction came from the
leadership.

that I must go underground and organize
resistance against the government.

We realized that we either had to
capitulate or to stand up and fight.

And it was the latter.

I went underground in April 1951.

I had five children, three from my first
wife, two from my second wife.

I wanted to remain with my wife and my
family, but I couldn't because it was

necessary for the party.

I remember years ago when we got
married, my father said to me, I must

that I am marrying the struggle and not
the man.

He adored her. He loved his wife.

He laughed to Winnie.

And of course they suffered, you know.

But the whole country was suffering.

I believe that the white race in this
country should be preserved and not be

swallowed up by a race which is in a
lesser state of development.

I was underground.

I trained in Ethiopia and Algeria. I
visited a number of states and asked for

support.

When I returned from abroad, I wondered
to report to the ANC that I was back.

And I suspect that I had ignored the
security.

That was really the mistake.

I was caught.

Mr. Mandela was known as a terrorist.

That is how he was portrayed after
committing himself.

to violent acts in order to secure their
political rights.

So it is good that they remove these
people from the streets.

The accused are Nelson Rolinshlala
Mandela, Walter Nax, Uliath Sisulu.

When they were arrested, we were worried
that they would be sentenced to death.

Nelson Mandela.

leader and founder of the sabotage
movement Spear of the Nation and a

member of African National Congress, was
accused, with the others, of plotting

sabotage to overthrow the South African
government by force.

So sabotage carried the death penalty.

We knew that the South African
government wanted to execute them.

So we ran a campaign to stop the
executions.

When I was in Britain, I was working
with the anti -apartheid movement.

We organised many campaigns, the boycott
campaigns, by our petitions, our

demonstrations, our resolutions.

We got the British government, many
other governments, to demand that they

not be executed because they are
national leaders. They are needed for

future.

Outside the High Court in Pretoria,
sympathisers wait for the verdict on

leader Nelson Mandela.

what the consequences are going to be
for them.

They were going to kill them. That was
their intention.

At the back entrance to the Pretoria
Court, large crowds gather to watch the

accused being driven away to start their
life sentences.

Heart of my soul did go with him.

When my father went to prison, I was two
years old.

What troubled me the most is would I
ever see my father again.

And if he did come out,

What kind of person would he be?

The day when the judgment was given,
they woke us up at midnight and told us

that they were being flown to a place
where we would have perfect freedom

prison walls.

And that turned out to be Robben Island.

A government spokesman stressed that
life meant life.

Interview, NC President Nelson Mandela,
15th of July. I had many interviews

with Mandela over the years.

about his time in jail.

I specifically wanted to try and get a
bit behind the public persona.

Who is the private Mandela?

Oh, I think it's the Mandela blowing his
nose.

When I was removed to Robben Island,
conditions were very severe.

They were very harsh, very brutal.

I go there in the middle of winter.

That morning when I opened that first
jail door, I see elderly African man

on the cement floor bare feet with short
pants and short sleeves.

And he greeted me with respect that
morning. Good morning, sir.

So I asked the sergeant in charge, what
is this criminal in for? He said, that's

a terrorist who tried to overthrow our
country.

Immediately I feel I must hide to these
guys.

They took us to the quarry to take
lives.

We had to crush stones into fine powder.

They had a measure which we had to fill
every day.

And when we filled that measure, they
increased it by half.

We did that, then again increased it by
another half, which was a very heavy

type of work indeed.

When Mandela gets on the island, the
government instructions was to break

guys.

Mandela and his leadership were all on
Robben Island.

Other people had been killed, banned,
silenced.

My parents were anti -apartheid white
activists.

Mum used to go to court and she came
back to tell us about him and his

magisterial image in court.

But they were very worried.

The flame of resistance was being
extinguished.

Our family was under siege.

We had these restrictions put on us,
followed around by the security police

parked outside our front gate.

Brothers and sisters. And so they took
the difficult decision, did my parents,

that we had to go into exile in Britain.

Goodbye mother, goodbye father.

I had forgotten that song.

It makes me smile. It's like a blast
from the past.

Goodbye until we meet again. When we
left the country,

we all thought that maybe it was a
question.

of a few years, maybe five years or so.

But leaving meant that the world got to
know more and more and more

and more about apartheid and its evil.

I appeal to you and to you to all the
countries of the world to empty the

prisons of all those who should never
have been there.

Leaving was pretty traumatic.

And I remember looking out over the
rails of the deck and feeling quite sick

seeing Robben Island and thinking, you
know, we're sailing right past Nelson

Mandela in his cell.

And my dad said to me, we're going into
a new country. We

make a new life. We're not going to be
able to go back.

So you had this feeling of real
hopelessness, but also a feeling that we

not going to give up.

Some say her voice is the voice of
Africa.

Others have said she is Africa.

Ladies and gentlemen, the fine and
stirring artist, Miriam Makeba.

Mary McCabe on television made such an
impact.

Everything about her, not just her
voice, but her appearance, her natural

her African fabric, her clear presence,
was a powerful statement.

My ears and my mind was wide open to
anything that had to do with what we

the motherland.

We were hungry for any music or any
African culture.

The larger community learned much more
about South Africa, Miriam Makeba and

Umathakela, than it did from a
particular speech.

And they brought home that message.

Our circumstances were similar. No
matter where we were, we were oppressed.

It was a global struggle against blatant
racism and oppression.

Quite startling to imagine that, but for
the sake of a ship.

You could have been born there.

Mandela's separation from his family
over the years was something that caused

him tremendous pain.

Being in prison is hell anyway, but
Mandela went through a particularly

time. In 1968, his mother died, and that
was a big...

Psychological blow.

And then in 1969, his son, Tembi, dies
in a car accident.

My father, you know, had died aged 24.

My grandfather can't even go to his
son's funeral.

You know, for me, my heart really goes
out to my grandfather.

He had lost... Two people, one after the
other, that he held very dear to his

heart. His sense of strength, actually,
it almost left him.

It really broke him.

When Mandela went to Robben Island, the
South African government said, the only

way you will come out is with your body
straight, meaning in a coffin.

We abroad in Britain couldn't sleep.

Couldn't rest.

We had to get him out.

And so we had to continue campaigning.

And many people joined us not because of
South Africa, but because of racism in

Britain. And that link was there
throughout.

If you are not white, you are not
wanted.

My father had been given instructions.

by the ANC to leave the country and
continue the struggle abroad.

During that period, my father was
traveling the world all over, trying to

support for our struggle, but it wasn't
easy.

The world at that time was not
particularly sympathetic.

The people of the world, even the people
of this country, have had enough of the

racism.

They have had enough of the oppressors.

In the late 1960s, the anti -apartheid
movement in Britain was strong but was

waging a lone battle.

Most of the conservative right, despite
expressing some kind of disdain or

distaste for apartheid, actually, in
practice, supported them, armed them,

traded with them, promoted sporting
tours with them.

Minister, during the election, I was
congratulating the British on at last

having a Prime Minister who was prepared
to sell arms to his friends and

supporters in apartheid South Africa.
Are you happy about that kind of

congratulation? Well, I think it's
immaterial.

I'm concerned with British interests.

So when the English rugby authorities
invited white South Africans to come

and tour England, I thought, right,
we've got to stop this tour.

We will not win this campaign by polite
negotiation.

The government is not interested in
negotiating on a basis of the demand

we are making.

Among the 9 ,000 people who went to
Twickenham, there were two very

objectives. One from a minority to
challenge 400 police and disrupt the

far as they could. The rest went, in
spite of everything, to enjoy the

of 30 fine rugby players in action.

I was very involved in the Springbok
campaign.

But it really caught the imagination of
hundreds of thousands of young people

all over the country.

We went in for direct action, which was
exciting for young people like me who

really wanted to do something and not
just stuff envelopes and give out

leaflets.

They were racist supremacists, and we
had to stop it.

This was one of the finest games seen at
Twickenham for a long time, but the

looming cloud of apartheid cast its
shadow over all.

The whole stand was full of
demonstrators giving the Nazi salute in

People tried to run on, and people did
get on.

I didn't.

I think they've been a tremendous
success here. At every point, we've had

physical effect on the tour has been
quite fantastic. It's been the most

disastrous tour ever by a team coming to
Britain.

The Atiapaze movement's membership
trebled.

And suddenly the whole movement took
off.

It was like striking at the Achilles
heel of the white community in South

Africa.

This tour was not cancelled by the South
African government.

The Rufrae did not want us to go.

The Rufrae won.

They were bitter about it.

And then I was subjected to all sorts of
revenge attacks.

The most graphic being a letter bomb.

But there was a halt in the trigger
mechanism, which meant it didn't go off.

It really showed that the South African
government would stop at nothing to

destroy its enemies.

Kaoleza.

Kaoleza is a South African song.

The children shout.

as they see police cars coming to raid
their homes.

They say, which simply means, please,

please don't let them get you.

Have

you

lost hope?

I shall never lose hope and my people
shall never lose hope.

In fact, we expect that the work will go
on.

After Mandela went to Robben Island,
Winnie was seen as the mother of the

nation.

Being the wife of Mandela, she was
subjected to tremendous pain.

They did terrible things to her.

Winnie, you know, she...

She was arrested in the middle of the
night.

They wouldn't let me even take my small
children to my sister who also lived in

Johannesburg.

And I left them sleeping.

She was incarcerated for 488 days.

To them, spouses of political prisoners
were free game to mete out whatever

cruelty they felt was necessary.

I didn't know it was such relief to
faint.

It is such utter torture.

I started urinating blood. The body was
swollen like a balloon.

That didn't stop my interrogators in any
way.

I became very angry.

It's not easy to see.

your wife had been prostituted in the
way in which she was and that i could

give her the support which she needed
when when he was arrested it was

not only the terrible things that were
done to her in terms of torture and

deprivation and so forth but the
psychological torture for mandela this

one emotional connection outside of
prison he didn't know what was happening

her it drove him, you know, right to the
edge of insanity.

I wondered whether I had taken the
correct decision getting committed to

struggle.

I believe that we, the whites, We have
not only found the solution to

the race problem in principle, but also
prove it in practice.

In this sprawling black ghetto near
Johannesburg, one and a half million

live, and live badly.

Between seven and fourteen of them to a
house.

Few houses have proper floors.

He was a kid when I was growing up.

We all looked up to Nelson Mandela.

When he comes in there, he used to have
this reach that went through his head.

We all used to comb our hair like that.

In the streets, people just kept on
talking about Nelson Mandela, this

Mandela.

But we were then told never to use those
names again, or you'd be locked up.

The South African government had spies,
and they were right, they were all over.

Obviously, you didn't know who was and
who wasn't, but you knew they were

So more than anything else, there was a
lot.

The government had succeeded in so
disrupting the movement

that there was not much agitation
outside.

When I was growing up, I remember I used
to look at the, you know, the midnight

sky, ask myself certain questions, look
at the moon and say to myself, one day

I'd like to go there.

The apartheid regime told us that we
were designed to be

hewers of wood and fetchers of water,
and you couldn't be anything else. You

couldn't be a scientist.

But then when the black consciousness
movement came about, that's why you are

saying to black people, you don't have
to accept the kind of life you're

leading.

The struggle could still find
expression.

The groundswell of black consciousness
in South Africa became something that we

have referred and relate to in our
music.

It's an awareness how you relate to
yourself as a person you know you you

can have a black skin but you're not
conscious of your

responsibility as a black person

black

people need to defeat the one

main element in politics which was
working against them And this was a

psychological feeling of inferiority.

Tupico was a nice guy.

We became friends because of me not
being an academic, but understanding

consciousness.

His black was totally different from all
the other black leaders in America.

Their black was pigmentation, and Tupico
said no.

It's the attitude of the mind.

It's the way of thinking that is black
consciousness.

Would have been about the age four.

My father would have been around 26.

One of my fondest memories would be him
teaching me to fly my kite.

I like that image because it expresses
in every way what I wish for

my own children, you know, for them to
fly high in the world.

So the Black Conscious Movement was born
out of that. It was about reminding

people that you matter.

It was important for us Black musicians.

We thought that it was our job to keep
the focus on the struggle, to kind of

questions. Of what was happening around
us.

Guilt got here. And we had been talking
a lot about South Africa.

We both agreed that we have to let them
know that there are people in the U .S.

that actually care about what's going
on.

To

what extent

have you been successful?

Well, we've been successful to the
extent that we have diminished the

fear in the minds of black people.

Discontent is below the surface, very
thinly veiled, and whenever there's a

reason to express it, black people are
going to express it.

The apartheid government made education
one of the central pillars of apartheid.

There was a strategy to thin out the
quality of education that was provided

black South Africans.

In 1976, there was the intent to impose
African, the language of the apartheid

state, as a compulsory language in black
schools.

I was in Orlando West and I saw these
police vehicles going

towards Orlando West High School, which
is where I went to school.

Hundreds,

even thousands of students.

This was actually basically a peaceful
protest until they started shooting.

It was David and Cole, I have. Police
were armed with guns.

Children would use leads.

When the car comes through, you throw
the brick and then you duck.

And then you hide, you jump, you go to
the next brick, and then you throw a

brick at it.

Good evening. Black students in the
South African ghetto of Soweto staged

their largest and most violent anti
-government demonstrations today.

It wasn't just Soweto.

It was a national uprising.

They dared to ask to be free.

Police and army units kill nearly 260
blacks, more than half of them under the

age of 18.

I mean, 13, 14, 15 -year -olds, you
know, younger than that, out in the

man, taking bullets.

Their courage was unmatched.

One reaches a stage where it matters not
anymore how you react.

If it means death, then so be it.

229 people have been killed, 2 ,599
injured in Johannesburg's black

And these are the figures given by the
South African police.

United Nations estimates are over a
thousand dead.

It certainly was a media spectacle that
turned a lot of heads in the West.

Information kept on coming through the
prison walls.

The significance of the uprising was
that the government actually produced

of the most rebellious generations of
African youth.

So many young people like me left the
country because there was no way it

ever be the same.

We're going to fight.

We're going to fight.

We're leaving the country, undergoing
training, and coming back to free South

Africa.

The Soweto uprising, it was the moment
when the earth moved. It was an act of

absolute brutality which shocked the
world.

And so, you know, as the international
pressure increased, the authorities were

paying to show that Mandela was being
well treated.

They tried to assemble a group of what
they regarded as sympathetic journalists

as proof that there was some scrutiny of
what was going on on the island.

They used to treat us very tough.

But when there was an important visitor
coming, they would say, oh, no, you

don't have to work continuously.

You can just take a walk.

Then we knew that a visitor was coming.

What disturbed us was what the
authorities were going to do after the

journalists had visited us. Oh, Christ,
the same cruelty would have been

mobilized.

The photographs of Mandela working in
the vegetable garden, as it were, was

clearly a set -up.

to impress the journalists that, you
know, it's not some sort of brutal gulag

where the Rabonia prisoners are being
held.

He knows he's being kind of used as a
stage prop for the government

And you can just see from his
expression, he was very angry about it.

And shortly after this whole incident,
Mandela renewed his resolve to step up

the anti -apartheid campaign, and he
wrote an article entitled, We Shall

Apartheid. We then snuggled out of
Rubble Island.

Whites in this country have a right to
maintain our white identity under all

circumstances. And at the same time, we
grant the black stares.

Apartheid was based upon fear and a lack
of dignity and

self -respect.

And the importance of Stephen Biko and
the black consciousness movement was to

say to young black men and women, be
conscious of your blackness, be proud of

your blackness.

That day, he was on his way to see my
father.

He was on his way to see the AMV.

But unfortunately, he was betrayed.

They arrested him.

When he was arrested, three days after
that, they arrested me also.

I also suffered.

They executed me.

That's why I find myself today with a
damaged hearing nerve.

But Miko, they wanted to beat him up
because Miko was tough.

Miko was fearless.

They arrested him, they detained him,
and then they

killed him.

It was a very gloomy day when I...

My father's friend told me that they've
killed him.

I remember that day.

Thirty thousand people gathered to bury
him.

I have never seen my mother in tears.

She's not one to cry easily.

It was a painful moment, but I think it
was also a...

A resuscitative moment.

The song Vico was the first overtly
political song that I ever wrote.

And it was a huge life changer for me.

It was quite unforgivable.

Often human rights abuses were just
denied, buried and forgotten.

And that convinced me that I was doing
the right thing.

The death of Steve Biko in a South
African jail is bringing more publicity

his cause of racial justice than most of
what he did when he was alive.

The death of such a symbolic figure as
Stephen Biko.

may well be political dynamite both here
and abroad.

I would request all those present here
now to rise in a minute of

silence in memory of the late Steve
Biko.

We should not mourn the death of
students because condemnation is not

must plan to act to punish the culprit.

There's been no single death in the
history of this organization that has

responsible for the kind of
international reaction resulting in a

embargo against the country of South
Africa.

The school student uprising in Soweto,
followed by the murder of Steve

inspired a huge awareness
internationally that apartheid was still

that it always was. It gave extra
ammunition to the anti -apartheid

because now we had a resistance building
up inside the country just so we could

provide solidarity action outside the
country.

after because death my father felt that
the anti -apartheid movement needed to

give a faith to the struggle and the
logical faith was uncle nelson because

apart from their genuine friendship he
saw uncle nelson as a tool of the

revolution you had a man who became more
than himself

he became the aspiration of a nation.

By freeing him, you free the people of
South Africa.

In Robben Island, I start working in a
census office, and that is where we

receive the letters and things like
that.

My superior gives me instructions to
help unpacking these big boxes of cards.

When they threw out the box of cards, I
observed it was birthday cards for

Mandela's 60th birthday.

It was massive.

Over 55 ,000 cards.

I was thinking, oh, that guy must be
quite famous.

Celebrating Nelson Mandela's birthday
was a very, very astute move.

It was a way of turning him from a
mysterious political figure.

that the world hadn't seen for decades,
into just a person who was celebrating

his birthday, or rather not celebrating
it in prison, but we could celebrate it

for him.

And then, of course, when you are in
political prison and there is growing

support for the ideas for which you are
now suffering, immediately hope becomes

very strong.

What can the outside world do?

Sanctions. Sanctions are a weapon that
the international community must use.

It wasn't like a request, it was like an
instruction, freeing out the matter,

you know.

Good evening, the state of emergency has
been extended. President Bortes'

ordinary laws cannot maintain public
order.

It was a moment to stop us, and they
failed.

Thank you.