All language subtitles for The Hadron Collider - In Search of the Peace Particle.2026.1080p.WEB.h264.AAC.2.0-ReLeNTLesS_track3_[eng]

You know, in physics,

we believe that everything around us
can be made comprehensible.

It's a job that can easily
set you apart from other people.

There's no restriction on thought.

I think I have a quite
pictorial view of physics.

For me, particles are colourful.
For me, an electron is red.

I don't know why. Don't ask me why.
An electron is red.

A photon, of course, is yellow,
because of light.

A proton is brown.

My perception or reality,
you know, I go deep inside,

so I eat my spaghetti
and I think of the quarks

that are inside the spaghetti.
It's true.

You will say I'm crazy!

I am a physicist, but I love music
and been studying music.

Music and physics are
part of the same thing.

You know, human curiosity,
human creativity,

the wish of exploring
or understanding

how things work
at the most fundamental level,

and what really touches me
in science, like in music,

is this complexity
built upon simplicity.

In music, you have very complex
and rich symphonies.

Think about Beethoven, Mahler.

But actually, they are built up
on the combination of seven notes.

And likewise, nature is extremely
beautiful and extremely complex,

but actually,
the most fundamental level

is made of just three particles.

I always wanted to understand,
what are we made out of?

I need to know,
how are things connected,

how does one depend on the other?

It is the most powerful,

most complex machine
ever built by mankind.

To try to understand
why we can exist at all.

When I was young, I wanted
to understand the logic of nature...

..the fundamental laws
which allows us to exist.

HE CHUCKLES

We need these laws
for our existence.

The trouble is that these laws
can be used for peace and for war.

ARCHIVE: Now I am become death,
destroyer of worlds.

ARCHIVE: Dr Oppenheimer,
you and many like you

who brought the bomb into being
still seem to suffer, may I say,

from a bad conscience about it.

Is that true, sir?

I do think it has left a mark

on many of those

who are responsibly engaged.

This is not the natural
business of a scientist.

After the first few
minutes of elation,

I realised what had
happened to the world.

A great thing, I felt,
was to eliminate this.

We have to explain
to the governments

that what we want to do
is never to be associated with

the use of these laws for war.

Today, CERN is
a truly global laboratory

with a community of
more than 17,000 people

across more than 110 nationalities.

An incredible melting pot of
languages, cultures, traditions.

But in a world where
conflict between countries,

religions and cultures
sadly persist,

this is a truly precious gift
which cannot be taken for granted.

We now have autocrats ruling the
largest nations on Earth

in ways we thought
belonged to history.

Russia launched a full-scale
invasion of Ukraine

by land, air and sea...

CERN has announced that
it will end cooperation

with up to 500 scientists
from Russian institutions.

The last world war
had been so terrible,

I thought it would be unimaginable
that a new war would start again.

Humanity should have
learnt the lesson.

Here at CERN,
several thousand scientists,

coming from different
social, political systems,

having different religions,

having completely
different mentalities,

work together very peacefully,

and I might say so,
also very successfully.

INTERVIEWER:
How many years ago was it

that you stepped down
as Director-General?

It's a long time ago. Wait... 1990.

Wow! And you're still coming in?!

HE CHUCKLES

When I became 100 years old,
some people asked me,

"What do you do to become so old?"

I said, there are two things.

Always stay active
and always be curious.

The third council decided that
we have to stop

almost all co-operation
with Russia now.

It's a pity.

I think it was more or less
the first time that,

in the 70 years of CERN,

that politics determined,
essentially, a council decision.

So, this week, there was
Council Week at CERN.

So it means the representative
of our member states

got together for
decisions and discussions.

The contracts with Belarus and with
Russia already have been suspended.

However, there is
still this laboratory in Russia

which is a bit similar to
what we have at CERN,

and the collaboration with them
dates back to '67,

so it's a really
long-standing partner.

Here at CERN, we have Israelis
working together with Palestinians,

Indians with Pakistani,

so science, and fundamental science,
gives you a kind of basis

where people,
independent of their religion,

independent of their political
system where they grew up in,

can collaborate and can communicate,

and I think that's something
important to keep.

That was what CERN is for -
science for peace.

I remember when I first came
to CERN, I was here visiting

because I was thinking about
moving here, and I wasn't sure.

One of my mentors at the university

arranged to see the Atlas detector,

and it was the best thing

anyone ever did for me,

because when you see it,
it was like... It was love.

You know, it's just
this beautiful detector with

the precision of it, the size of it,

the amount of human effort
and passion

that went into building
every single little part.

I just wanted to be a part of that.

I got to build this,
help build this. There are,

you know, thousands of people
involved in this construction,

and I really got to help with that,
those teams putting it all together.

There was a common goal
that we all had,

so it gave a special spirit
to the whole thing.

There was this chance to unlock

something very deep
about nature itself.

2008 was really the first time
we switched on our camera, Atlas,

and took the first data,

but the room was crowded
at that time, no?

So everybody who contributed
was in that room.

The preparation of
this experiment took decades.

We now believe that
all the matter that we now see

in the universe was made
during the first fraction

of a fraction of a fraction of a
second of the age of the universe.

In fact, it's something
like 10 to the -35 seconds.

That means a 1

with 34 zeros before it.

An extremely small time.

The zero particle and all the other
elementary particles have masses.

They weigh something.
Now, why is that?

We believe that comes about from
a particle called the Higgs boson.

Peter Higgs proposed the existence

of the Higgs boson in 1964.

I would compare it to a Roman arch.

So you've got this beautiful
semi-circular arch,

and at the top, there is a capstone,

and if that capstone were not there,
the arch would collapse.

With my colleagues, we basically
sat down and said,

"OK, we don't know what the mass of
the Higgs boson might be,"

but for different masses,

we could figure out the way in which
it would show up in an experiment.

Some experiments of that type
were being done at CERN.

But we really thought
it was going to be heavier

and could only be found at
a higher-energy accelerator.

MACHINE BLEEPS

The protons are in the machine.

We're ready at this end.

We're now in the countdown.

Changez l'orbite.

Next pulse.

See, what happens in the sort of
experiments that are done here -

well, actually sort of underground,
in some sense -

what's being done down there

is a sort of recreation of
the first seconds of the Big Bang.

You are about 100 metres underground

at the absolute best
experiment on Earth.

The LHC pipe
runs through the centre,

and protons come in
from either direction.

If we're lucky, and if they hit

really like a big, strong
head-on collision,

we can create
all sorts of cool stuff.

Potentially something
we have never seen before.

It's very nice
here in the control room,

because you can see in real time

all these collisions and particles,

the shower coming out of it,

and sometimes, yeah,
it's really overwhelming,

and actually, it's also bothering me

thinking about all the things that
they will discover in the future

and that maybe I will never know.

Everybody's trying to write history,
in a way. It's our ambition.

You know, the man of the caverns

was writing pictures of cows
on the wall, right?

So that 3,000 years later,
you walk in there and say,

"My God, look at that!
There's a human being there."

Now, we're not trying...
painting ghosts on walls of caves.

We're trying to do
much more sophisticated things.

And when it's all done and over,

what do you think we...
20th-century civilisation

have left behind?

I mean, my opinion
is they will care.

They will respect us.

And will respect us on the basis
of the understanding we have.

When I arrived here at CERN,
you know,

I was this student,
very much lacking in confidence,

looking around at
what's happening here,

and I did not feel
that I fit in here.

I felt like an impostor.

It was like another planet!

First of all, because there were
literally no Indians here at CERN.

It was incredible.

I can tell you that even
the smell of coffee was alien to me.

Coming from India, a woman,
working in the laboratory, you know,

with Europeans and with Americans
and all that, it was not easy.

The confidence is today,
the smiles are today,

but I have had endless
sleepless nights, years on end.

This human endeavour
is mind-boggling.

When you were presented with
the plans for the LHC,

the engineering challenge is

absolutely enormous.

Well, I wasn't presented
with the plans.

I made the plans!

HE LAUGHS

I came to CERN in '69.

Antiprotons now.

What is it, 55 years now?

Practically.

HE LAUGHS

55 of the 70!

But this is home now,
after all this time.

I took over the project in '93,
prepared it for approval.

Took until the end of 1994
to get approved.

NEWS ARCHIVE:
The project could provide answers

to the nature of the universe.

The machine,
called the Large Hadron Collider,

will aim to recreate the conditions
at the time of the Big Bang.

The tunnel was there already.

We took it over
from a previous machine.

There is a pit where the big magnets
can be lowered into the tunnel

onto a transport vehicle,

and then that gives us access
to the LHC ring.

This is really the biggest

and most complex scientific
project ever undertaken.

The whole 27km circumference

is aligned to better than
a tenth of a millimetre.

Very, very, very tiny movements
will affect our data.

The moon, for example,
also affects the LHC.

WAVES SPLASH

It's the kind of a breathing that
goes on. Like the tides, you know?

And we need to track everything.
Think of gravity,

that every time there is
a movement of a piece of matter

around the Earth, that actually
translates into

a very, very, very tiny movement

which can be reflected
in the measurements

at the scale at which
we do the measurements, you know?

We are looking for a particle

that has a lifetime of
10 to the -22 seconds.

And within that,
if there is a movement, you're lost.

So the idea behind the collision is,

you're just getting a huge amount of
energy into, you know,

a single spot, and then you can
produce something very massive.

And so by studying these collisions,

we understand
this very microscopic world,

and then that helps us
understand how we evolve

from a microscopic world
to the macroscopic,

to galaxies,
superclusters of galaxies.

It's all intertwined.

We can't understand that
without understanding this.

BELL CLANGS

Hello! Welcome!

INTERVIEWER: Hello!

All the best. Nice to welcome you
here in my home! Please, come in.

Thank you so much!

Do you still play the piano? Yes,
a little bit, yes, a little bit.

I like music
beside physics very much.

HE PLAYS

I am a very old man now.
I have the advantage

that I've seen now practically
100 years of European history.

During the last war,
I was a soldier.

I was fighting against Russia
and the British.

In fact, I was by chance
also at Dresden when it was bombed,

so I've seen it.
Fortunately, I survived.

So I know what real war means.

We have 10,000 people
who were killed in one night.

All that, of course, is nightmare.

When war was ended,

I was taken prisoner by
the British troops, near Hamburg.

At that time, imagine
there was practically no radio.

There were just a few
local newspapers.

There was no television, nothing.

So I learnt about the bombs
rather late,

more or less by chance.

ARCHIVE: It is an atomic bomb.

It is a harnessing of
the basic power of the universe.

EXPLOSION

EXPLOSION

EXPLOSION

I knew many other people

who were involved in
the development of these bombs.

In Germany, it was Heisenberg.

And it was never quite clear

whether the nuclear
chain reaction would work.

I knew Heisenberg quite well.

He was surprised that
a bomb had worked,

because he had calculated
the detailed cross-section,

and he'd made a mistake.

Simply incredible,
because Heisenberg said,

"Look, it can't have worked"!

And they told him,
"Yes, but it worked,"

so he sat down and found out,
yes, he had made a mistake!

HARRY TRUMAN: A short time ago,
an American airplane dropped

one bomb on Hiroshima and destroyed
its usefulness to the enemy.

That bomb has more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.

The force from which the sun
draws its power has been loosed

against those who brought war
to the Far East.

We have spent more than $2 billion

on the greatest scientific gamble
in history, and we have won.

What has been done

is the greatest achievement of
organised science in history.

OPPENHEIMER: I think when you play
a meaningful part

in bringing about the death
of over 100,000 people

and the injury of
a comparable number,

you naturally...

..don't think of that as...
with ease.

We had known the sin of pride.

We had turned to effect,

in what proved to be a major way,

the course of man's history.

ARCHIVE, IN FRENCH:

It is an idea which is,
to some extent, unimaginable today.

Shortly after the Second World War,

a handful of visionary scientists

and a handful of visionary diplomats

getting together
from all the continents

and saying,
"OK, we have to do something

"to get Europe out of the ruins."

It took only a few years
to create CERN.

This is amazing. I cannot imagine
something like this today.

ARCHIVE: The council of CERN
is made up of delegates

from the 13 member states.

The purpose of the European
Organization for Nuclear Research

is to further collaboration
in scientific research

of a purely fundamental nature.

IN FRENCH:

Looking at these people together -
Oppenheimer, Heisenberg...

..who worked beforehand
on different sides within the war,

but they ignored
the political difference,

and they were just
concentrating on science.

ARCHIVE: An atomic war
would end this civilisation,

and would end any science and so on.

Mankind has to learn
to control itself,

because it now has within its power
to destroy itself very cheaply.

We brought the people together.

We wrote a convention
which clearly states,

"peaceful application only".

"The Organization shall provide for
collaboration among European states

"in nuclear research

"of a pure scientific and
fundamental character."

When we work,
we don't think of making

military applications.

The responsibilities
of the scientist

is that new technologies
are used in the proper way.

Every technology can be used
for the good of humanity

or against humanity.

I mean, typewriter
can be used for war,

or can be used for peaceful poetry.

I grew up in an industrial
part of the United States,

in western Pennsylvania, where
everybody's grandfather and father

worked in the steel mills,

and they told us when we were kids
that if we didn't study hard,

we'd end up in the factory
like they were.

And I totally failed, you can see!

We have Metallica,

Muse, Roger Waters,

Jack White, Pixies.

The bar is pretty high.

It's not just for any rock stars.

There'll be more, I hope!

The science fiction question is,

do we have enough antimatter to be
dangerous, or to power a starship?

And the answer is, even though
this is the best and only machine

to create this antihydrogen atom,
we kind of suck.

It's never going to be
a danger to anybody.

It would take longer than
the age of the universe

to accumulate just 1g of antimatter.

But that 1g of antimatter could put
a space shuttle into orbit.

Right? That's a cataclysmic amount
of antimatter to lose all at once.

We simply...

I wouldn't want to be anywhere
near that, let's put it that way.

CERN in the early '90s, I found
an extremely exciting atmosphere.

Those were the years
where we were developing

the Large Hadron Collider.

Atlas is the biggest experiment
ever built in particle physics.

We are all pushed by the same spirit

and by the same awareness of
being very close

to discover something big.

In addition to the
fundamental science,

which might have
interesting applications,

there are the technologies
which you develop

in order to make
the research possible,

and the World Wide Web
is one example of that.

This is a technology which was
developed in order for scientists

to be able to collaborate
around the world, and of course,

it's completely revolutionised
the way that humans interact.

So, what's the web?

It used to be difficult to explain
what the web would be like.

Now it's difficult to explain
why it was difficult.

But back in the 1980s, at CERN,
it was an exciting place to be.

Lots and lots of information systems
on different computers,

on different networks,
all incompatible.

So the idea was that one should be
able to communicate

by sharing information.

How many of you have actually never
experienced the World Wide Web?

I see one hand.

Two, three, four, five,

six, seven... No, come on!

HE LAUGHS

What was it that made the Web click

as the universal
hypertext on a computer network?

It is the URL, and that is
Tim's fundamental contribution.

We sat under the big tree
in the CERN cafeteria one evening

with a beer, and then I said,
"We need a catchy title for it,"

and suddenly Tim said,
"Well, what about World Wide Web?"

I said, "Yeah. That's great.
It's a bit long!"

I liked its name,
the World Wide Web,

which was unpronounceable
to French people!

That's why most French people
didn't like it! So...

I don't think we've even seen
the tip of the iceberg.

I think the potential of what the
internet is going to do to society,

both good and bad, is unimaginable.

I think we're actually
on the cusp of something

exhilarating and terrifying.

It's just a tool, though, isn't it?
No, it's not. No.

No, it's an alien life form.
What do you think...?

I mean, when you think, then,
about... Is there life on Mars?

Yes, it's just landed here!

# Wah-ooh

# You never spend
your nights with me

# And you don't go out
with other girls either

# Wah-wah-wah-wah

# You only love your Collider... #

"You never spend
your nights with me.

"You don't go out with
other girls either.

"You only love your Collider."

Tim Berners-Lee
and our group of friends

were part of a theatre company.

We used web pages for the clubs

and for work, and, I mean,

I did think it was
a brilliant thing.

When this Cernettes picture
got published,

it ended up being the first picture
of a band, an artist,

of something social on the web
which was not mere physics.

# Wah-wah-wah-wah

# You only love your Collider

# Da-ooh... #

I think that CERN realised
fairly early on

that the World Wide Web was not
something that it could manage.

ARCHIVE: The most ambitious attempt
ever to recreate conditions

at the beginning of the universe

is launched this morning
in Switzerland.

"Catastrophic,"
claims Prof Otto Roessler,

who went to court
to stop the experiment,

warning the Earth could be
eaten inside out.

How many months or years
it takes to eat the whole Earth

cannot be predicted at the moment.

This might be my last broadcast,

because tomorrow may be
the end of the Earth.

HE CHUCKLES

They've got these things

moving around at the speed of light,
then BAM!

That story was
very beneficial for us,

because it attracted
a lot of interest and attention

by the public, the media,
which was not there before.

Normally, we would not
publish a switch-on day.

We never did that before.
We were forced into it, effectively.

So we had to pick a day
and then go flat-out to make it.

ARCHIVE: We are actually
inside the control room

for what is genuinely
the biggest experiment

ever undertaken by mankind.

Nobody was more surprised than me

when I came in
at six o'clock in the morning

and saw these huge satellite dishes

and big lorries
full of mobile studios

and God-knows-what there.

They were under enormous pressure.
We would normally not accept that.

Don't forget that it made Google.

The Google logo
was the LHC that day.

I didn't really know
how much in the spotlight I was.

I was doing a running commentary

on what we were doing
from step to step.

Let's get started, everybody.

Now comes the day of reckoning.

Little did I know that my wife
was watching it at home!

HE LAUGHS

ARCHIVE: There are innumerable
things that could go wrong.

This has never been done before.

I did not sleep that night before,
because I kept thinking...

I had this list in my brain -

did we check that,
did we check this?

What about the voltage?

You know, everything that
could have gone wrong,

I was sure it was going to go wrong.

ARCHIVE: Everybody is staring at
a series of screens above us,

and the tension,
you could cut with a laser beam.

OK, the next cycle, we will
inject the beam into the LHC.

Now we go into new territory.

OK. Let's go.

Five, four, three,

two, one... Zero.

Nothing.

MACHINE BEEPS

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

Wow!

Wow, last night,
it was like waking up constantly,

thinking, "Did we set that right?!

"What about...?! Did we...?!"
Oh, my gosh!

Physics has that kind of garage
feel to it. It's not production.

You know, it involves
a lot of tweaks.

It involves a lot of hacking.
I mean, we're hackers in the end.

We fix things, they don't work,

we tweak them, they don't work,
then tweak them...

Fundamental research is
a lot of getting it wrong

until you get it right.

But fortunately, we got it right
on the first try! Never happens!

That was a day, really,
you know, a big emotion,

when you see the thing,

on which you have been working
for years,

together with thousands of
colleagues

from all over the world,
become real.

And I said, "Wow, here we are!
We managed. We did it."

It may have looked easy to you,

but I can assure you
it was only made to look easy

because of the quality of
the equipment,

the quality of the software,
and above all,

the quality of the people
who have built this machine

and will operate it in the future.

MACHINE BEEPS

MUFFLED SPEECH

I got a call, so I went
straight over to the control room,

and all of the screens were red.

Red's a bad colour!

What we thought it was at the time
was that they had lost the helium

and that it would take us
two months to recover.

I mean, at that point, we were just,
like, days from data, and,

"Aargh! We've got to lose two more
months because of the helium!"

I think it only settled later
that we were talking about a year.

It took a long time to recover,
emotionally, from it.

Took about 50 magnets with it,

in one sector,
that we had to replace.

Fortunately, we had all the spares.

It was just picking ourselves up,

rolling up our sleeves yet again
and getting on with the job.

Clearly, I was frustrated,

but that was 24 years after
first thinking about

the physics that you could do
with the LHC,

so if it was going to take another
year or two, you know, that's OK.

So I am a Palestinian from Hebron,
the West Bank.

Part of this job is...
It's international.

We work physics and for physics,

and we have to collaborate with
all people,

regardless of their background.

Hello, friends!

THEY GREET ONE ANOTHER

I don't care what you believe.

Our goal is to understand
the building blocks of matter,

the fundamental
interactions in nature.

I am a Muslim,
and I believe the God Almighty,

and I believe there is
a beginning of the universe.

And my goal is not to
contradict the God,

but to discover the laws of God,
the laws that govern nature.

So it's...

My belief,
my physics works are side-by-side.

There is no contradiction.

Is my belief
consistent with my research?

Up to now, yes.
There is no contradiction.

There are so many
unanswered questions.

If we really do want to understand

why the universe is the way it is,

we need to understand

what the pieces are that make it up,

and how those pieces fit together.

The pieces that we know about,

is that all of them
or are there more pieces?

When they were building
a part of this,

they needed some really,
really high-purity brass,

which was expensive and
difficult to get hold of,

but some of the Russian colleagues
realised that they had

loads of World War II shell casings

made out of exactly the right
quality brass necessary,

and so over a million World War II
shell casings were collected,

melted down and turned into
our calorimeter, right in here.

CERN was one of the holes
in the Iron Curtain

during the Cold War,

because all the people from the
other side of the Iron Curtain

could come to CERN, and vice versa.

CERN is the only organisation

which had in its foundation
the double role

to promote science and improve
the relations between countries.

ARCHIVE: The moment is at hand.

President Reagan now
is at a lakeside mansion

about eight miles north of Geneva,

and it is there that the president
will meet this morning

with Mikhail Gorbachev
of the Soviet Union,

the first meeting
between the leaders of

the two most powerful forces
in the history of civilisation

in more than six years now.

CAMERA SHUTTERS CLICK

Then it was like a journal of CERN.

I got a call from the head
of the American delegation

to prepare the discussion.

We said, "Look, we need a place
which is respected by both sides,

"where we can freely and
informally discuss the problems."

So we invited a small group, both
from the Russians and Americans,

to dinner at CERN.

And after their first toast,
I left them alone, I said goodbye.

REAGAN: I called for a fresh start,
and we made that start.

I can't claim that we had
a meeting of the minds

on such fundamentals as ideology
or national purpose,

but we understand each other better,
and that's a key to peace.

APPLAUSE

I think if, in the end,

Gorbachev could sign
the first disarmament agreement,

it was, I believe,
with the help of the physicists.

The Large Hadron Collider is
a machine for the world,

because it's the only
machine of that type.

It brings the world forward,

and it can only work

because the whole world
is involved.

We could not immediately start with
the highest possible energy

for which the LHC was designed,

so we decided to go on very slowly,

but we reached the highest energy
ever with an accelerator on Earth.

It's a bit like an explorer,

because I see something which
nobody else had seen before.

It's brilliant.

40 million pictures per second
of these conditions,

roughly 150 million channels, yeah?

And it's a three-dimensional
picture.

Of course, then we were in a rush
to find the Higgs particle.

I mean, that was what
we wanted to see.

What's left to fill the gap
between theory and experiment?

That's the Higgs boson contribution.

For particle physicists,
discovering the Higgs boson,

this would be like...
landing on the moon.

It's not just a particle, it's not
just a thing that gets produced.

It is a clue to one of
the most fundamental concepts

of our lives and worlds,

which is, how do we get mass?

It was sort of, bam, bam, bam.

We were working along,
we were doing everything,

calibrating the detector, and then
suddenly there was something there.

I mean, and we thought,
"OK, God, is this the Higgs?"

You know, "Could this be it?"

Of course, there was this excitement
that we knew that...

But it happened so fast.

You check and recheck,
and then you see suddenly

this peak or this number of pictures

indicating
something interesting growing.

People were working days and nights,
looking at the data.

There was something
special going on.

We decided, "OK,
we will have a seminar,"

but we didn't know yet -

is it a discovery or is it
close to a discovery?

Today, we hear two presentations
from the two experiments

at Las Encinas, on the update on
a search for a certain particle.

We have a magic limit
in particle physics.

When we cross this
threshold of evidence,

then you can call it a discovery.

We needed to cross this threshold
in both experiments,

because a cross-check is
absolutely vital.

There were many, many people
who had made the history of CERN -

the previous Director-General,
Peter Rees was there,

Francois Englert...

The day of the announcement
was really kind of...

Not only was the world
learning about it

but also half the community was
learning about the other half.

..so this distribution is
extremely clean,

except one big spike here,
in this region here.

So, zooming in this region...

APPLAUSE

CHEERING

We have observed a new particle
consistent with the Higgs boson.

Thank you. As a layman,
I would now say, I think we have it.

Do you agree?

CHEERING, APPLAUSE CONTINUES

Maybe one more round of applause
to all the guys...

..supported the whole project
for more than 25 years here.

All of them, OK?

CHEERING AND APPLAUSE

When you take a step back and look
at what we achieved, it was huge.

APPLAUSE DROWNS SPEECH

CHEERING

The elementary particles
wouldn't have a mass.

They would fly through the universe
with the speed of light.

No chance to form composite matter.

No chance to form us,
no chance to form the Earth.

And now we found the explanation.
We found it!

It...

Great moment! Yeah?

I have to say,
I was pretty emotional.

Not quite sure whether
I had tears in my eyes.

Peter Higgs certainly did.

So this was 48 years after

they had proposed their theory.

Well, I would like to add
my congratulations to everybody

involved in this
tremendous achievement.

For me, it's really
an incredible thing

that it's happened in my lifetime.

Just at the moment
where you say,

"OK, that was worth all my work,

"this moment, this day,"
and basically you...

..then stop working. After
that seminar, we just celebrated.

It was a day full of
champagne and beer. Perfect!

I think the one good thing
that I had going for me

when I started this
was that I was naive

and never realised the mountain
that we had to climb

to actually, you know, succeed.

You look at the experimental teams
that discovered the Higgs boson.

They include Russians and Americans,

they include Chinese and Europeans,

they include Indians and Pakistanis,

they include Israelis
and Palestinians.

This is an endeavour which I think
really unifies the human race.

The situation is complex today.

The war in Ukraine
does have an impact.

Last year, the CERN Council decided
to terminate the collaboration

with some Russian institutes.

So, there is one institute
based in Russia

that we are still working with.

Now the CERN Council must decide
whether it wants to keep that

long-standing collaboration going,
or whether it wants to cut all ties.

Sanctioning Russia and Belarus,

yeah, that contradicts
the CERN foundation.

So CERN was established
after the Second World War

on the ash of Europe, 1954.

In the 1950s, '60s, '70s, at the
height of the Cold War, world war,

Americans, Germans, Western Europe,
Russians, Soviets, work together.

So, what has changed?
Why don't you keep that?

You cannot generalise to
all the people.

You cannot generalise to
all Russian or Ukrainian

the decision of a few people
in the governments, maybe.

I know these people,
they are against war,

and they are paying for something
that is not their fault.

So I'm really curious now to see

whether Fabiola somehow
has sent something.

There is something. I'll wait.

"An important item on
the review in council..."

"..has the council decided not
to terminate the agreement."

That's good! I'm very happy to read

that CERN remains in its tradition.

Very good.

If the council
had not taken that decision

and decided to terminate
the agreement,

that would have been the end of
any relation

with the Russian Federation.

This is really the nerve centre.

This is where everything happens,
you know?

How can we make sure that we
continue being the number one lab?

So it's projecting CERN, you know,
in decades away from today.

This is why we are doing
this feasibility study.

You know, should we have

a super-super-duper-large
accelerator,

it's going to be three times
the size of the current LHC.

What is dark matter?

That's the question
I am looking for.

We know it's there and it must be
there in an enormous amount,

about four times more of this than
the visible mass of the universe.

GROUND CONTROL: ..zero.
And lift-off for the final launch...

It's the mystery of life,

and we have to accept that there
are things that are much bigger,

much more complex than our brain
and our imagination can capture.

We are made of sub-nuclear universe.

We are pieces of
the sub-nuclear universe.

Believe it or not,
it's the real origin of existence.

HE CHUCKLES

Do you sometimes want to wake up

to the singularity we once were?

For every atom
belonging to me as good

Belongs to you.

When earth was sky,
and animal was energy,

and rock was liquid and
stars were space and space was not.

Only a tiny dot

brimming with is is is.

All. Everything. Home.