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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:04,000 May 1933. 2 00:01:04,940 --> 00:01:10,780 All over Germany, Nazi students, brown shirts and Hitler youth gather and burn 3 00:01:10,780 --> 00:01:12,060 books by the thousand. 4 00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:17,600 Works of literature, philosophy and science believed un -German are 5 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:18,600 the flames. 6 00:01:18,780 --> 00:01:22,100 Adolf Hitler has declared war on reason itself. 7 00:01:30,190 --> 00:01:33,910 People set us down as enemies of intelligence, proclaims Hitler. 8 00:01:34,110 --> 00:01:38,710 We are, but in a much deeper sense than those conceited dolts of bourgeois 9 00:01:38,710 --> 00:01:40,310 scientists ever dream of. 10 00:01:41,910 --> 00:01:46,810 Hitler's revolt against the intellect is to be enshrined in a new religion, a 11 00:01:46,810 --> 00:01:50,050 religion devoted to the mysteries of blood and race. 12 00:01:54,090 --> 00:01:58,230 The old beliefs will be brought back to honour again, Hitler declares. 13 00:01:58,890 --> 00:02:03,830 The whole secret knowledge of nature, of the divine, of the shapeless, the 14 00:02:03,830 --> 00:02:08,970 demonic. We will wash off the Christian veneer and bring out a religion peculiar 15 00:02:08,970 --> 00:02:10,310 to our race. 16 00:02:14,610 --> 00:02:19,710 The religion of blood of which Hitler speaks will pave the way to the murder 17 00:02:19,710 --> 00:02:20,710 millions. 18 00:02:20,990 --> 00:02:24,570 Yet, the Nazi creed of race is not of Hitler's own creation. 19 00:02:24,990 --> 00:02:29,670 Its roots lie in the teachings of Germanic mystics, and the doctrines of 20 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:30,670 occult. 21 00:02:38,730 --> 00:02:43,630 In the Germany of the 1890s, there is an overwhelming sense of promise 22 00:02:43,630 --> 00:02:44,630 unfulfilled. 23 00:02:46,830 --> 00:02:51,610 With the birth of the Second German Reich in 1871, and the crowning of 24 00:02:51,610 --> 00:02:55,050 Wilhelm I, Germany's future had seemed assured. 25 00:02:56,080 --> 00:03:00,440 Yet the romantic hope for a nation of stability and order had failed to 26 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:05,840 materialize. Behind the medieval ceremony of the Kaiser's court, there is 27 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:08,280 deep trauma of an industrial revolution. 28 00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:17,320 Peasants abandon the land in their millions, flocking to the cities. 29 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:23,160 Artisans and classmen find their livelihood swept aside by the onslaught 30 00:03:23,160 --> 00:03:24,160 production. 31 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:29,820 A new class of financiers and industrialists vies for power with the 32 00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:35,560 aristocracy. Already, the new German Reich seems destined for chaos and 33 00:03:35,560 --> 00:03:36,560 division. 34 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:42,880 Ironically, the unity of purpose craved by so many Germans of the Kaiser's Reich 35 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:46,500 will be provided by the teachings of an Englishman. 36 00:03:47,540 --> 00:03:53,850 In 1897, Kaiser Wilhelm II summons to his court the renowned English writer 37 00:03:53,850 --> 00:03:55,750 Houston Stuart Chamberlain. 38 00:03:56,370 --> 00:04:00,530 Chamberlain's book, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, will be the 39 00:04:00,530 --> 00:04:05,890 inspiration for a generation of German nationalists, anti -Semites, mystics, 40 00:04:05,890 --> 00:04:08,050 the future National Socialist Party. 41 00:04:09,770 --> 00:04:15,610 According to Chamberlain, the key to human history lies in the rise and fall 42 00:04:15,610 --> 00:04:16,610 races. 43 00:04:22,999 --> 00:04:28,860 Chamberlain idolizes the Teutonic race as the creator of culture and of all 44 00:04:28,860 --> 00:04:29,860 civilization. 45 00:04:33,260 --> 00:04:38,620 The German mind, writes Chamberlain, must guide the Aryan peoples to racial 46 00:04:38,620 --> 00:04:40,720 supremacy and world domination. 47 00:04:42,980 --> 00:04:48,060 Kaiser Wilhelm will later write to Chamberlain, it was God who sent your 48 00:04:48,060 --> 00:04:50,920 the German people and you personally to me. 49 00:04:55,390 --> 00:04:59,750 Chamberlain preaches that an affinity with the mystical is rooted deep in the 50 00:04:59,750 --> 00:05:00,750 Aryan character. 51 00:05:01,150 --> 00:05:06,990 And, he writes, every mystic is, whether he will it or not, a born anti -Semite. 52 00:05:08,290 --> 00:05:13,550 In the pressure of the late 19th century, Jews remained excluded from the 53 00:05:13,550 --> 00:05:17,330 officer corps, from the judiciary, and from the higher ranks of the civil 54 00:05:17,330 --> 00:05:18,330 service. 55 00:05:20,130 --> 00:05:25,040 Throughout Europe, Such measures had been defended for centuries by 56 00:05:25,040 --> 00:05:28,880 the moral qualities and the political loyalties of non -Christians. 57 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:35,040 The writings of Chamberlain will add to European anti -Semitism a new and 58 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:36,040 sinister dimension. 59 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:42,480 Jews will be seen not as a religious community, but as an alien and enemy 60 00:05:45,420 --> 00:05:49,960 In Chamberlain's racial doctrines, the aim of the Jewish people is to corrupt 61 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:52,340 the blood of the Aryans by racial mixing. 62 00:05:53,280 --> 00:05:58,540 The result, he warns, will be physical and moral degeneration and the end of 63 00:05:58,540 --> 00:06:00,420 dream of Aryan world power. 64 00:06:01,260 --> 00:06:06,060 The only course is to purge Germany of Jews and all racial aliens. 65 00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:11,800 The key to the German mission, Chamberlain believes, is the creation of 66 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:12,880 Teutonic religion. 67 00:06:13,500 --> 00:06:16,840 a religion founded on the sacred mystery of Aryan blood. 68 00:06:19,260 --> 00:06:24,500 As Chamberlain's racial doctrine spread throughout Germany, in Austria, a blood 69 00:06:24,500 --> 00:06:26,400 religion is already taking shape. 70 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:34,360 By the beginning of the 20th century, the ethnic Germans of Austria have come 71 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:36,580 see themselves as a people under siege. 72 00:06:37,300 --> 00:06:41,560 Once the rulers and administrators of the great Austro -Hungarian Empire, 73 00:06:42,170 --> 00:06:46,930 Austrian Germans are now a minority in a state dominated by Slavic peoples. 74 00:06:47,570 --> 00:06:51,070 Civil servants are required to speak Czech as well as German. 75 00:06:51,390 --> 00:06:55,190 Czech priests have been allocated large numbers of German parishes. 76 00:06:55,990 --> 00:06:59,370 German language and culture seem in mortal danger. 77 00:07:00,630 --> 00:07:05,210 In the eyes of many Austrian Germans, the Catholic Church appears utterly 78 00:07:05,210 --> 00:07:07,130 committed to supporting Slavic interests. 79 00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:13,720 The result is widespread hatred for a religion which appears both hostile and 80 00:07:13,720 --> 00:07:14,720 treacherous. 81 00:07:19,900 --> 00:07:25,240 The profound insecurity of the German people of Austria leads to the growth of 82 00:07:25,240 --> 00:07:26,900 powerful pan -German movement. 83 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:32,260 Its aim is the unification of all Germans in a single fatherland. 84 00:07:35,780 --> 00:07:39,720 Amongst the ranks of the new movements are many who, disillusioned with 85 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:44,040 Christianity, believe that the Germans must return to the religion of their 86 00:07:44,040 --> 00:07:48,900 ancestors, the worship of the Nordic gods and the primal laws of nature. 87 00:07:51,820 --> 00:07:57,220 The doctrine that blood purity will usher in a golden age of German 88 00:07:57,220 --> 00:08:01,520 will find its most powerful expression in the teachings of the renegade 89 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:03,600 Cistercian monk, Jörg Lanz. 90 00:08:05,320 --> 00:08:10,540 Lance, Grand Master of the Occultist Order of the New Templars, preaches a 91 00:08:10,540 --> 00:08:14,880 strange doctrine, a doctrine he names Theozoology. 92 00:08:21,720 --> 00:08:27,980 In the distant past, the Atlanteans, the fourth root race of creation, had split 93 00:08:27,980 --> 00:08:29,880 into pure and bestial species. 94 00:08:30,740 --> 00:08:36,100 After many thousands of years, the pure race, the Aryan godmen of the fifth root 95 00:08:36,100 --> 00:08:38,380 race, had interbred with the beasts. 96 00:08:39,100 --> 00:08:44,039 The result was catastrophic decline and the near loss of the Aryan psychic 97 00:08:44,039 --> 00:08:45,040 powers. 98 00:08:52,100 --> 00:08:57,300 Lance believes that the ancient Germanic tribes had, by imposing strict race 99 00:08:57,300 --> 00:09:02,860 laws, purified their blood, retrieving traces of the Aryans' divine nature. 100 00:09:03,910 --> 00:09:08,990 Those laws, Lance teaches, had been destroyed by Christianity and must be 101 00:09:08,990 --> 00:09:09,990 revived. 102 00:09:10,450 --> 00:09:15,630 The result, over many generations, would be the breeding of a superior type of 103 00:09:15,630 --> 00:09:19,110 human, a god -man, destined to rule the world. 104 00:09:26,810 --> 00:09:31,590 Cosmopolitan Vienna, with its diverse mixture of peoples and cultures, appalls 105 00:09:31,590 --> 00:09:32,590 your glance. 106 00:09:33,200 --> 00:09:38,680 To him, the chaos of the modern world represents a final battle, a battle 107 00:09:38,680 --> 00:09:42,920 between the blonde races with their strong traces of Aryan blood and the 108 00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:47,320 subhumans, the races whose blood is dominated by that of the beasts. 109 00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:55,920 From 1905, Lance's prescription for racial salvation he publicizes in his 110 00:09:55,920 --> 00:09:57,840 immensely popular journal, Ostara. 111 00:10:00,970 --> 00:10:06,270 The Germanic ruling classes, Lance proposes, the racially purest of all 112 00:10:06,470 --> 00:10:08,110 are to be encouraged to reproduce. 113 00:10:09,590 --> 00:10:14,830 Polygamy and a selective human breeding program would serve to reclaim blood 114 00:10:14,830 --> 00:10:15,830 purity. 115 00:10:16,090 --> 00:10:22,130 As for the lower classes, their poverty indicates racial inferiority, and they 116 00:10:22,130 --> 00:10:23,950 must be enslaved or sterilized. 117 00:10:25,070 --> 00:10:29,910 Marriages between Germans and inferior races would be illegal and punished by a 118 00:10:29,910 --> 00:10:30,910 starvation diet. 119 00:10:31,970 --> 00:10:38,050 Jews, the Aryans' deadliest enemies, would be used as beasts of burden, 120 00:10:38,050 --> 00:10:40,570 to Madagascar or incinerated. 121 00:10:42,390 --> 00:10:48,470 From modest premises in Vienna, Jörg Lanz's Ostara is distributed throughout 122 00:10:48,470 --> 00:10:49,570 German -speaking world. 123 00:10:50,610 --> 00:10:56,610 In 1909, Lanz is visited... by a 20 -year -old poverty -stricken painter. 124 00:10:57,810 --> 00:11:00,530 Adolf Hitler is in search of back copies. 125 00:11:00,890 --> 00:11:03,650 He is anxious to complete his Ostara collection. 126 00:11:04,950 --> 00:11:10,770 When Hitler moves to new lodgings, a men's hostel at 27 Meldermannstrasse, he 127 00:11:10,770 --> 00:11:14,190 takes his collection of over 50 copies of Ostara with him. 128 00:11:18,570 --> 00:11:23,630 Like many of his fellow German -Austrians, Hitler had seen the Jews as 129 00:11:23,630 --> 00:11:24,630 religion. 130 00:11:24,910 --> 00:11:30,010 Now he has learned from the teachings of Jörg Lanz that German and Jew are races 131 00:11:30,010 --> 00:11:31,010 at war. 132 00:11:32,030 --> 00:11:36,790 Hitler would later write, I found the racial conglomeration of the imperial 133 00:11:36,790 --> 00:11:38,050 capital disgusting. 134 00:11:38,570 --> 00:11:42,190 The city seemed the very embodiment of racial infamy. 135 00:11:43,730 --> 00:11:49,210 In May 1913, Hitler leaves Vienna for a new life in the German fatherland. 136 00:11:52,770 --> 00:11:58,570 The Bavarian city of Munich, in which the 24 -year -old Adolf Hitler eats out 137 00:11:58,570 --> 00:12:03,890 precarious living, feeds with nationalist passion and anti -Semitic 138 00:12:04,750 --> 00:12:10,730 Here, as in Vienna, secret societies and occultist circles proliferate, fueled 139 00:12:10,730 --> 00:12:13,030 by the uncertainties of the modern world. 140 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:19,500 To their educated and aristocratic members, the teachings of Jorg Lanz and 141 00:12:19,500 --> 00:12:22,540 German occultists are infinitely reassuring. 142 00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:28,900 The forces of democracy and capitalism, hated agents of change, are cast as the 143 00:12:28,900 --> 00:12:33,380 sinister inventions of inferior races, above all, of the Jews. 144 00:12:35,700 --> 00:12:38,460 There is a widespread longing for war. 145 00:12:38,960 --> 00:12:43,980 A war which would herald the return of unity, of hierarchy, and of empire. 146 00:12:44,780 --> 00:12:46,580 Your glance is prophesying. 147 00:12:47,060 --> 00:12:52,200 Amid the jubilation of the liberated god -men, we would conquer the whole 148 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:57,880 planet. The fire should be raked until sparks fly from the barrels of German 149 00:12:57,880 --> 00:13:00,420 battleships and order is created. 150 00:13:08,330 --> 00:13:15,150 On August 1st, 1914, in Munich's Odeonplatz, the war eagerly awaited by 151 00:13:15,150 --> 00:13:18,550 German nationalists is proclaimed to a jubilant crowd. 152 00:13:19,110 --> 00:13:21,810 Amongst the cheering throng is Adolf Hitler. 153 00:13:25,450 --> 00:13:30,570 Three days after the declaration of war, Hitler requests to be allowed to join a 154 00:13:30,570 --> 00:13:31,570 Bavarian regiment. 155 00:13:32,070 --> 00:13:37,930 For me, Hitler will declare, as for every German, There now began the 156 00:13:37,930 --> 00:13:41,310 and most unforgettable time of my earthly existence. 157 00:13:44,270 --> 00:13:48,370 After eight weeks of training, Hitler is sent to the front with the 16th 158 00:13:48,370 --> 00:13:50,430 Bavarian Infantry Reserve Regiment. 159 00:13:50,650 --> 00:13:52,770 His first battle is at Ypres. 160 00:13:55,290 --> 00:13:59,950 On Hitler's first day in action, his performance leads to his appointment as 161 00:13:59,950 --> 00:14:04,130 regimental runner, a member of the select band of frontline messengers. 162 00:14:05,100 --> 00:14:09,480 The following day, Hitler rescues his deputy commanding officer under fire. 163 00:14:09,880 --> 00:14:14,780 The exploit earns him promotion to Lance Corporal and the Iron Cross Second 164 00:14:14,780 --> 00:14:15,780 Class. 165 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:26,100 In the 45 months that Hitler's regiment will spend in the front lines and in 36 166 00:14:26,100 --> 00:14:30,960 major battles, Hitler will earn a reputation for immense personal courage. 167 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:34,180 Senior officers are lavish in their praise. 168 00:14:34,680 --> 00:14:39,300 One calls him an exceptionally brave, effective and conscientious soldier. 169 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:46,820 To Hitler's comrades, the dedicated runner they call the Austrian seems 170 00:14:46,820 --> 00:14:47,820 and remote. 171 00:14:48,040 --> 00:14:52,660 Only when speaking of the new era to come does Hitler reveal a burning 172 00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:58,300 After the war, he is convinced Austrian Germans will be reunited with the 173 00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:03,260 fatherland. and the new, greater Germany will purge itself of foreign racial 174 00:15:03,260 --> 00:15:06,320 elements and the democracy they strive to create. 175 00:15:07,120 --> 00:15:10,540 To his comrades, Hitler's arguments are persuasive. 176 00:15:10,860 --> 00:15:16,020 Almost no one, a fellow soldier would recall, could withdraw himself from 177 00:15:16,020 --> 00:15:20,800 Hitler's strong personality, and his opinions were accepted by most of us. 178 00:15:22,860 --> 00:15:28,660 In the summer of 1918, Hitler is awarded the Iron Cross First Class, for his 179 00:15:28,660 --> 00:15:32,180 outstanding combat performance in almost four years at the front. 180 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:36,760 It is a decoration seldom awarded to a soldier of such lowly rank. 181 00:15:46,100 --> 00:15:51,240 On October the 13th at Ypres, only four miles from where he'd seen his first 182 00:15:51,240 --> 00:15:55,120 action in 1914, Hitler is caught in a gas attack. 183 00:15:55,950 --> 00:15:59,450 Almost blind, he is taken to a military hospital in Germany. 184 00:16:00,510 --> 00:16:06,090 While Adolf Hitler slowly recovers from his wounds, events in the outside world 185 00:16:06,090 --> 00:16:08,130 move with dizzying speed. 186 00:16:13,010 --> 00:16:16,910 A massive Allied offensive threatens to break through German lines. 187 00:16:17,190 --> 00:16:22,070 On the home front, Berlin has been paralyzed by strikers demanding peace 188 00:16:22,070 --> 00:16:23,070 democracy. 189 00:16:23,230 --> 00:16:27,720 The Kaiser is advised... that in the interests of the fatherland he should 190 00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:30,200 for peace and concede democratic government. 191 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:37,180 On November the 9th, with Berlin in the grip of a general strike, the Kaiser 192 00:16:37,180 --> 00:16:38,180 abdicates. 193 00:16:38,820 --> 00:16:43,200 The Second German Reich has come to an abrupt and traumatic end. 194 00:16:49,320 --> 00:16:55,190 As Germany plunges into anarchy, Adolf Hitler, still a serving soldier, returns 195 00:16:55,190 --> 00:17:00,330 to duty, first to his regiment in Munich, then as a guard at a prisoner of 196 00:17:00,330 --> 00:17:01,970 camp 60 miles from the city. 197 00:17:03,210 --> 00:17:08,150 While his prisoners await repatriation, Hitler broods on the treachery of the 198 00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:09,150 armistice. 199 00:17:09,609 --> 00:17:14,829 To him, as to many of his comrades, the German army and people have been stabbed 200 00:17:14,829 --> 00:17:19,030 in the back by Democrats, Marxists, and above all, by Jews. 201 00:17:20,560 --> 00:17:22,880 The hatred grew in me, Hitler writes. 202 00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:26,099 Hatred for those responsible for this deed. 203 00:17:26,660 --> 00:17:31,120 My own fate became known to me. I decided to go into politics. 204 00:17:34,360 --> 00:17:40,860 Between March 1919, when Hitler returns to his unit in Munich, and March 1920, 205 00:17:41,220 --> 00:17:46,260 when he is finally discharged from the army, both Hitler and Bavaria will have 206 00:17:46,260 --> 00:17:47,260 been transformed. 207 00:17:48,650 --> 00:17:53,870 while Bavaria becomes first a Soviet republic, then a haven for nationalist 208 00:17:53,870 --> 00:17:55,230 counter -revolutionaries. 209 00:17:56,410 --> 00:18:01,710 Adolf Hitler becomes an army spy, joins the insignificant German Workers' Party, 210 00:18:01,910 --> 00:18:04,070 and discovers his gift for oratory. 211 00:18:04,930 --> 00:18:10,130 While still in the pay of the Bavarian army, Hitler becomes the party's chief 212 00:18:10,130 --> 00:18:11,130 propaganda. 213 00:18:15,480 --> 00:18:19,840 Hitler's constant theme is the removal of Jews from German life. 214 00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:25,160 From your glance, Hitler had learned that the aim of the Jewish race is to 215 00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:27,300 sabotage the Aryan world mission. 216 00:18:28,140 --> 00:18:32,480 It is a doctrine already familiar to many members of the German Workers' 217 00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:38,420 The party itself had been conceived by the Thule Society, the Munich lodge of 218 00:18:38,420 --> 00:18:39,640 the occultist German order. 219 00:18:40,520 --> 00:18:44,140 The symbol of the Thule Society is the swastika. 220 00:18:49,580 --> 00:18:54,640 The party, renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party, has yet 221 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:56,380 develop a fully -fledged ideology. 222 00:18:57,400 --> 00:19:02,180 The moulding of Hitler's racial beliefs into a coherent and all -embracing 223 00:19:02,180 --> 00:19:05,720 worldview will result from his close friendship with three men. 224 00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:10,060 Alfred Rosenberg, disciple of Houston Stuart Chamberlain. 225 00:19:10,940 --> 00:19:14,520 Dietrich Eckhart, intimate associate of the Thule Society. 226 00:19:14,860 --> 00:19:16,280 And Rudolf Hess. 227 00:19:16,760 --> 00:19:19,160 future Deputy Fuhrer of the Nazi Party. 228 00:19:19,500 --> 00:19:21,880 All are convinced mystics. 229 00:19:30,200 --> 00:19:35,500 Alfred Rosenberg, a Baltic German, had discovered Chamberlain's foundations of 230 00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:38,380 the 19th century when he was only 17 years old. 231 00:19:39,440 --> 00:19:44,400 Personal experience of the Russian Revolution and the ensuing civil war 232 00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:47,420 Rosenberg to confirm Chamberlain's racial doctrines. 233 00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:53,740 The ruling aristocracy of Russia, whom Rosenberg believes to be of Aryan stock, 234 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:59,160 had been displaced by the inferior Slavic masses, roused and led by Jews. 235 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:02,100 To Rosenberg... 236 00:20:02,380 --> 00:20:07,080 Bolshevism in Russia and the new democracy in Germany are part of the 237 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:08,880 worldwide Jewish conspiracy. 238 00:20:09,620 --> 00:20:15,200 His inspiration is a mysterious work known as The Protocols of the Elders of 239 00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:16,200 Zion. 240 00:20:18,600 --> 00:20:23,720 First brought to Germany by waves of Russian emigres fleeing the revolution, 241 00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:28,140 Protocols purports to be a secret Jewish blueprint for world domination. 242 00:20:28,970 --> 00:20:34,730 In reality, it is a 19th century forgery perpetrated by the secret police of the 243 00:20:34,730 --> 00:20:35,730 Russian Tsar. 244 00:20:37,530 --> 00:20:42,310 In Munich, Alfred Rosenberg seeks out the well -known anti -Semitic 245 00:20:42,410 --> 00:20:44,910 publisher and poet Dietrich Eckart. 246 00:20:47,290 --> 00:20:51,630 It is Eckart who introduces Rosenberg to Adolf Hitler. 247 00:20:55,190 --> 00:21:01,610 Between 1920 and 1923, Eckhart and Rosenberg will labour tirelessly in the 248 00:21:01,610 --> 00:21:03,170 service of Hitler and the party. 249 00:21:04,210 --> 00:21:08,650 Through Rosenberg, Hitler learns of the protocols and the works of Houston 250 00:21:08,650 --> 00:21:09,650 Stuart Chamberlain. 251 00:21:11,130 --> 00:21:15,830 Rosenberg speaks at the Thule Society meetings and edits the Folkischer 252 00:21:15,830 --> 00:21:19,970 Beobachter, the party newspaper originally owned by Thule. 253 00:21:21,170 --> 00:21:26,170 In the pages of the Beobachter, Rosenberg will publish the serialised 254 00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:28,600 of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. 255 00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:35,200 It is to raise funds for the party newspaper that Dietrich Eckhart 256 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:40,220 Hitler to the influential circles that will increasingly support the fledgling 257 00:21:40,220 --> 00:21:41,220 Nazi party. 258 00:21:42,120 --> 00:21:46,680 It is while staying in the Berlin house of a wealthy manufacturer that Hitler is 259 00:21:46,680 --> 00:21:50,360 given instruction in public speaking by a well -known teacher of drama. 260 00:22:02,320 --> 00:22:07,600 Dietrich Eckhart had introduced Hitler to his powerful friends as Germany's 261 00:22:07,600 --> 00:22:08,600 young messiah. 262 00:22:09,460 --> 00:22:13,760 Eckhart will also lead to Hitler the first of his followers to believe that 263 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:16,060 description to be the literal truth. 264 00:22:18,400 --> 00:22:23,700 Rudolf Hess is, like Hitler himself, a disillusioned and embittered war hero. 265 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:25,720 In May 1920, 266 00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:30,760 Hess had been taken by Eckhart to his first Nazi party meeting and his first 267 00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:32,320 encounter with Adolf Hitler. 268 00:22:33,120 --> 00:22:38,720 In Hitler, Hess had, he believed, found the saviour long prophesied in German 269 00:22:38,720 --> 00:22:45,000 occultist circles, the Stark von Oben, the strong one from above, the man who 270 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:48,660 would lead the Germanic peoples to the dawn of an Aryan millennium. 271 00:22:51,690 --> 00:22:56,710 By 1923, much of Hitler's racial ideology has taken shape. 272 00:22:57,190 --> 00:23:02,590 The prejudices of his youth have been forged into a doctrine steeped in Aryan 273 00:23:02,590 --> 00:23:06,470 mysticism. His faith in his Germanic mission is deepening. 274 00:23:07,070 --> 00:23:11,990 Now, after attending a nationalist rally near Bayreuth, Hitler makes a personal 275 00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:12,990 pilgrimage. 276 00:23:22,570 --> 00:23:27,730 At Bayreuth is the house in which Richard Wagner, Hitler's boyhood idol, 277 00:23:27,730 --> 00:23:29,330 spent the last years of his life. 278 00:23:33,370 --> 00:23:37,870 The house, still the Wagner family home, had become a virtual shrine. 279 00:23:39,550 --> 00:23:44,630 As a young man, Hitler had worshipped Wagner as the supreme prophet of the 280 00:23:44,630 --> 00:23:45,630 German people. 281 00:23:45,730 --> 00:23:49,190 In Wagner's operas and in his anti -Semitic writings, 282 00:23:52,510 --> 00:23:54,050 of his own innermost convictions. 283 00:23:55,330 --> 00:23:59,850 In common with the Germanic mystics, Wagner had believed the Jews to be 284 00:23:59,850 --> 00:24:01,810 incapable of true spirituality. 285 00:24:02,490 --> 00:24:07,090 While the rest of humanity had descended from higher beings, the Jews were 286 00:24:07,090 --> 00:24:08,590 descendants of the apes. 287 00:24:09,610 --> 00:24:14,990 In Wagner's mystical drama Parsifal, based on medieval tales of the Knights 288 00:24:14,990 --> 00:24:18,230 the Holy Grail, Parsifal is an Arian Christ. 289 00:24:19,120 --> 00:24:24,320 Wagner had himself described the grail as a symbol of blood purity, a warning 290 00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:26,620 the German people against racial pollution. 291 00:24:28,920 --> 00:24:33,780 After a tour of the Wagner home, Hitler asks permission to visit the composer's 292 00:24:33,780 --> 00:24:34,780 tomb alone. 293 00:24:35,300 --> 00:24:41,780 He returns in a state of great emotion to declare, Out of Parsifal I make a 294 00:24:41,780 --> 00:24:42,780 religion. 295 00:24:44,620 --> 00:24:49,460 Wagner's daughter Eva had married the English mystic Houston Stuart 296 00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:55,300 Chamberlain tells Hitler, with one stroke you have changed the state of my 297 00:24:55,700 --> 00:25:00,620 That Germany gives birth to a Hitler in the time of her greatest need is proof 298 00:25:00,620 --> 00:25:02,020 of her vitality. 299 00:25:03,800 --> 00:25:09,280 In a little over a month after his visit to Bayreuth, Hitler launches his first 300 00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:10,860 bid for national power. 301 00:25:12,460 --> 00:25:17,900 The attempted coup of November the 9th, 1923, in which Hitler's brown shirts, 302 00:25:18,120 --> 00:25:22,580 along with other nationalist paramilitary groups, attempt to take 303 00:25:22,580 --> 00:25:25,320 Bavarian government, is a disastrous failure. 304 00:25:26,360 --> 00:25:31,520 Yet, Hitler's arrest, his trial, and his subsequent imprisonment will make of 305 00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:36,360 the obscure Austrian agitator a household name and a political martyr. 306 00:25:41,390 --> 00:25:46,770 It is in the prison fortress of Landsberg that Hitler's beliefs, founded 307 00:25:46,770 --> 00:25:51,790 mystical faith in the destiny of the German race, take on a new and 308 00:25:51,790 --> 00:25:52,790 character. 309 00:25:53,870 --> 00:25:57,870 Hitler's fellow prisoner, Rudolf Hess, had been for a time a student of 310 00:25:57,870 --> 00:25:59,710 economics at the University of Munich. 311 00:26:00,510 --> 00:26:04,610 There he'd been strongly influenced by the teachings of the ex -general and 312 00:26:04,610 --> 00:26:07,190 geopolitician Karl Haushofer. 313 00:26:08,330 --> 00:26:13,810 By detailed study of populations and natural resources, the new science of 314 00:26:13,810 --> 00:26:17,630 geopolitics attempts to explain the political history of nations. 315 00:26:19,070 --> 00:26:24,070 Haushofer had thought that Germany's needs would best be satisfied not by the 316 00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:29,250 capture of overseas colonies, but by expansion on the European continent 317 00:26:30,250 --> 00:26:35,290 To Haushofer, Germany's national destiny lies to the east. 318 00:26:39,500 --> 00:26:45,000 The doctrine of Lebensraum, the German right to living space, will become a 319 00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:47,360 cornerstone of national socialist ideology. 320 00:26:48,240 --> 00:26:52,700 It will be a doctrine surpassed in importance only by the creed of race. 321 00:26:55,300 --> 00:27:00,400 While Hitler languishes in Landsberg, he learns of the international scientific 322 00:27:00,400 --> 00:27:02,540 movement known as eugenics. 323 00:27:03,660 --> 00:27:08,640 The concern of eugenics is that the human race faces imminent degeneration 324 00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:09,640 decline. 325 00:27:10,340 --> 00:27:15,920 Inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution, eugenicists believe that not 326 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:20,800 diseases such as tuberculosis and epilepsy are passed from generation to 327 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:24,760 generation, but also mental and moral strengths and weaknesses. 328 00:27:25,220 --> 00:27:30,620 Many are also convinced that interbreeding between the races produces 329 00:27:30,620 --> 00:27:31,620 offspring. 330 00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:39,480 Because more children are produced by the lower classes than by their social 331 00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:45,020 superiors, many eminent scientists and physicians fear a future racial 332 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:51,960 To avoid calamity, they argue that valuable individuals should be 333 00:27:51,960 --> 00:27:56,840 breed, while those of inferior stock must be sterilized in the interest of 334 00:27:56,840 --> 00:27:57,840 greater good. 335 00:27:58,740 --> 00:28:03,840 From England, its country of origin, eugenics had spread to Germany, becoming 336 00:28:03,840 --> 00:28:04,840 known as... 337 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:11,640 Racial Hygiene In 1923, Fritz Lenz had been appointed Germany's 338 00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:15,460 first professor of racial hygiene at the University of Munich. 339 00:28:16,180 --> 00:28:22,600 Lenz is the co -author of an influential textbook, The Outline of Human Genetics 340 00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:27,740 and Racial Hygiene, a book closely studied by the imprisoned Adolf Hitler. 341 00:28:28,910 --> 00:28:34,490 In it, he finds the scientific counterpart of the occultist's mystical 342 00:28:34,490 --> 00:28:35,710 racial aristocracy. 343 00:28:37,090 --> 00:28:42,070 Fritz Lenz argues that between races and between individuals, there is a clear 344 00:28:42,070 --> 00:28:47,890 hierarchy. While some are destined only to be slaves, others are born to rule. 345 00:28:49,810 --> 00:28:54,370 Having served nine months of his five -year sentence, Hitler is released from 346 00:28:54,370 --> 00:28:56,430 Landsberg in December 1924. 347 00:28:57,740 --> 00:29:02,660 His imprisonment had been, in his own words, a university at the expense of 348 00:29:02,660 --> 00:29:03,660 state. 349 00:29:03,980 --> 00:29:09,380 In Landsberg, the strands of Hitler's ideology had been woven into his 350 00:29:09,380 --> 00:29:10,420 political testament, 351 00:29:11,220 --> 00:29:12,220 Mein Kampf. 352 00:29:13,360 --> 00:29:18,140 In Mein Kampf, Hitler describes the purpose of the state which the party 353 00:29:18,140 --> 00:29:21,880 construct. A state, he writes, is only a means to an end. 354 00:29:22,260 --> 00:29:26,940 And its end it sees as the preservation of the racial existence of men. 355 00:29:28,460 --> 00:29:33,180 It feels the obligation, in accordance with the eternal will that dominates 356 00:29:33,180 --> 00:29:38,480 universe, to promote the victory of the better and stronger, and to demand the 357 00:29:38,480 --> 00:29:40,220 submission of the worse and weaker. 358 00:29:41,860 --> 00:29:48,300 All science, all art, even human reason itself must, Hitler believes, serve the 359 00:29:48,300 --> 00:29:53,380 will of nature. And nature, he insists, is fundamentally aristocratic. 360 00:29:58,570 --> 00:30:03,750 Having learned from the failure of the Nazi coup in 1923, Hitler commits the 361 00:30:03,750 --> 00:30:07,210 Nazi party to the pursuit of power by democratic means. 362 00:30:08,370 --> 00:30:10,950 Meanwhile, he constructs a shadow state. 363 00:30:11,170 --> 00:30:16,150 It is to be founded on the strictly hierarchical principles long advocated 364 00:30:16,150 --> 00:30:20,770 German mystics and now supported by the ideas of racial hygiene. 365 00:30:26,440 --> 00:30:31,140 In every sphere of life, there is to be a leader, a Führer, with absolute power 366 00:30:31,140 --> 00:30:32,440 to govern his subordinates. 367 00:30:33,260 --> 00:30:36,940 Each Führer owes unquestioning obedience to his own leader. 368 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:43,160 At the summit of the Nazi hierarchy is Adolf Hitler, the Supreme Führer, the 369 00:30:43,160 --> 00:30:45,360 authority from which all power flows. 370 00:30:50,040 --> 00:30:55,350 In the mystical ideology of National Socialism, The Führer has been chosen by 371 00:30:55,350 --> 00:31:00,970 the very laws of nature. He is the highest expression of the soul of the 372 00:31:02,810 --> 00:31:08,530 To Hitler, the task of the supreme leader, his only mission is to unlock 373 00:31:08,530 --> 00:31:13,150 emotions of the German masses, to bring to the surface their latent faith in 374 00:31:13,150 --> 00:31:14,150 race and blood. 375 00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:27,340 ... ... ... 376 00:31:27,340 --> 00:31:32,440 ... ... 377 00:31:50,990 --> 00:31:56,610 This best -of -the -rate of the German nation, who in a proud self -assertion, 378 00:31:56,610 --> 00:32:01,570 courageously and boldly demanded the leadership of the Reich and the people, 379 00:32:01,630 --> 00:32:07,750 who feels himself 380 00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:14,730 as a bearer of his best blood and has raised this knowledge to the leadership 381 00:32:14,730 --> 00:32:18,690 of the nation and has allowed it to maintain this leadership, 382 00:32:34,740 --> 00:32:41,600 The party will be the political guide of the 383 00:32:41,600 --> 00:32:45,420 German people for all of the future. It will be infinite in its teaching. 384 00:33:01,540 --> 00:33:08,440 It is our wish and desire that this 385 00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:12,660 state and this kingdom should exist in the coming millennia. 386 00:33:13,000 --> 00:33:19,700 We can be happy to know that this future belongs to us righteously. 387 00:34:31,310 --> 00:34:35,650 The triumph of Adolf Hitler is to many physicians and scientists of the racial 388 00:34:35,650 --> 00:34:38,010 hygiene movement a triumph for science. 389 00:34:38,870 --> 00:34:44,630 The Eugenics Journal, edited by the racial hygienist Fritz Lenz, celebrates 390 00:34:44,630 --> 00:34:48,550 it calls a new age of racial biological revolution. 391 00:34:49,350 --> 00:34:54,389 Lenz writes, it is the will of the Führer that the demands of racial 392 00:34:54,389 --> 00:34:56,630 should be put into practice without delay. 393 00:34:57,850 --> 00:35:03,670 It is the beginning of a road that will lead to mass sterilization, murder, and 394 00:35:03,670 --> 00:35:04,670 genocide. 395 00:35:06,970 --> 00:35:13,310 On July 14, 1933, the Nazi government passes the law for the prevention of 396 00:35:13,310 --> 00:35:14,990 genetically diseased offspring. 397 00:35:15,750 --> 00:35:21,770 The law allows compulsory sterilization of those suffering from a wide range of 398 00:35:21,770 --> 00:35:24,610 physical and mental illnesses believed hereditary. 399 00:35:25,950 --> 00:35:31,110 Genetic health courts set up to administer the law will order the 400 00:35:31,110 --> 00:35:33,850 of almost 400 ,000 people. 401 00:35:35,250 --> 00:35:40,970 The most common grounds will be feeble -mindedness, schizophrenia, epilepsy, 402 00:35:40,970 --> 00:35:41,970 alcoholism. 403 00:35:42,450 --> 00:35:47,370 With the cooperation of the German medical profession, the German people 404 00:35:47,370 --> 00:35:49,510 be purged of all hereditary weakness. 405 00:35:50,670 --> 00:35:55,590 The Nazi eugenics program has yet to concern itself with the quest for racial 406 00:35:55,590 --> 00:35:58,630 purity, but already the groundwork has been laid. 407 00:35:59,660 --> 00:36:05,820 In March 1933, the SA and the SS had enforced a boycott of Jewish businesses. 408 00:36:06,520 --> 00:36:12,020 In April, all Jews are barred by law from posts in the German civil service 409 00:36:12,020 --> 00:36:13,020 judiciary. 410 00:36:13,220 --> 00:36:17,360 A measure preventing Jews from teaching in universities soon follows. 411 00:36:18,100 --> 00:36:23,100 The intention is to exclude Jews from German cultural and economic life. 412 00:36:24,040 --> 00:36:30,580 In September 1935, the eugenics program is extended to biologically isolate 413 00:36:30,580 --> 00:36:31,740 the Jewish people. 414 00:36:33,020 --> 00:36:38,240 From the Germanic mystics, Hitler has absorbed a distinctive and terrifying 415 00:36:38,240 --> 00:36:40,260 theory of the nature of the Jews. 416 00:36:41,080 --> 00:36:46,040 The Jew, he states, is the anti -man, the creature of another god. 417 00:36:46,340 --> 00:36:49,200 He must come from another root of the human race. 418 00:36:53,230 --> 00:36:58,150 The law for the protection of German blood and German honor forbids marriage 419 00:36:58,150 --> 00:37:01,490 between those classed as Aryans and those deemed to be Jews. 420 00:37:02,370 --> 00:37:06,850 It is a measure demanded since the turn of the century by Germanic occultists. 421 00:37:07,830 --> 00:37:12,590 The definition of who and who is not a Jew has been provided by the scientists 422 00:37:12,590 --> 00:37:14,530 of the racial hygiene movement. 423 00:37:17,100 --> 00:37:22,820 By late 1935, the key elements of the Nazi eugenics program are in place. 424 00:37:23,180 --> 00:37:25,700 The sterilization campaign is underway. 425 00:37:25,980 --> 00:37:31,120 The race laws protecting German blood from racial pollution are being 426 00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:32,120 enforced. 427 00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:36,760 Even marriages between those classed as Aryans are now subject to strict 428 00:37:36,760 --> 00:37:40,960 controls, with both partners being investigated for hereditary diseases. 429 00:37:42,820 --> 00:37:47,760 Plans for the next stage in Hitler's campaign to improve the German racial 430 00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:49,600 are already being prepared. 431 00:37:56,220 --> 00:38:01,760 Hitler had announced to a Nazi party rally, if Germany was to get a million 432 00:38:01,760 --> 00:38:06,600 children a year and was to remove seven to eight hundred thousand of the weakest 433 00:38:06,600 --> 00:38:11,620 people, the final result might even be an increase in strength. 434 00:38:13,130 --> 00:38:18,530 At Nuremberg in 1935, Hitler, speaking to the Reich Medical Führer Gerhard 435 00:38:18,530 --> 00:38:23,770 Wagner, informs him that in the event of war, he would take up the question of 436 00:38:23,770 --> 00:38:25,630 euthanasia and enforce it. 437 00:38:26,590 --> 00:38:31,390 In wartime, Hitler believes opposition from the Christian churches could be 438 00:38:31,390 --> 00:38:32,390 easily contained. 439 00:38:35,090 --> 00:38:36,430 In reality... 440 00:38:36,730 --> 00:38:42,250 By early 1939, the National Socialist State is so secure that no further delay 441 00:38:42,250 --> 00:38:43,250 is necessary. 442 00:38:43,730 --> 00:38:49,370 In May, Hitler asks his personal physician, Karl Brandt, to appoint an 443 00:38:49,370 --> 00:38:53,210 committee to devise a program for the killing of disabled children. 444 00:38:53,890 --> 00:38:58,910 To guarantee the maximum secrecy, Hitler's private chancellery is to 445 00:38:58,910 --> 00:38:59,910 the program. 446 00:39:03,500 --> 00:39:07,740 Attempts have already been made to ensure that the German people will in 447 00:39:07,740 --> 00:39:09,540 accept Nazi eugenic measures. 448 00:39:10,380 --> 00:39:15,560 In school mathematics tests, children are asked to calculate the cost of the 449 00:39:15,560 --> 00:39:17,140 mentally ill and handicapped. 450 00:39:17,340 --> 00:39:22,560 One states, the construction of an insane asylum requires six million 451 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:27,340 Reichsmarks. How many housing units can be built for the amount spent on insane 452 00:39:27,340 --> 00:39:28,340 asylums? 453 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:35,710 On August the 18th, Hitler's Chancellery issues a circular to all state 454 00:39:35,710 --> 00:39:41,090 governments. Children up to the age of three who are retarded or deformed must 455 00:39:41,090 --> 00:39:44,910 be registered by midwives or physicians, and a questionnaire completed 456 00:39:44,910 --> 00:39:46,330 describing their disability. 457 00:39:50,210 --> 00:39:55,410 Three physicians assess the returned forms, marking with a plus if the child 458 00:39:55,410 --> 00:39:57,870 to die and a minus if it is to live. 459 00:39:59,790 --> 00:40:02,890 No children are actually examined by the physicians. 460 00:40:05,050 --> 00:40:09,670 At over 30 special clinics, the selected children are killed by lethal 461 00:40:09,670 --> 00:40:14,210 injection, by oral drugs, or by starvation. 462 00:40:16,010 --> 00:40:19,390 The deaths are explained as resulting from natural causes. 463 00:40:20,790 --> 00:40:25,790 Within two years, the child -killing program will include children up to the 464 00:40:25,790 --> 00:40:26,790 of 12. 465 00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:39,420 Man is becoming God, pronounces Adolf Hitler. 466 00:40:41,180 --> 00:40:46,360 Those who see in National Socialism nothing more than a political movement 467 00:40:46,360 --> 00:40:47,840 scarcely anything of it. 468 00:40:51,160 --> 00:40:53,760 It is more even than a religion. 469 00:40:53,980 --> 00:40:57,320 It is the will to create mankind anew. 470 00:41:06,920 --> 00:41:11,320 While the German medical establishment wholeheartedly commits itself to purging 471 00:41:11,320 --> 00:41:16,280 German racial stock of inferior strains, the task of breeding for strength is 472 00:41:16,280 --> 00:41:17,280 already underway. 473 00:41:18,540 --> 00:41:23,560 Each member of the SS is carefully selected for his physical perfection and 474 00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:24,660 purity of his blood. 475 00:41:25,780 --> 00:41:31,680 Bound by solemn oaths and mystic rituals, SS men may marry only those of 476 00:41:31,680 --> 00:41:35,240 Germanic ancestry, ensuring that over generations... 477 00:41:35,610 --> 00:41:39,370 the SS becomes a reservoir of the purest Aryan blood. 478 00:41:46,270 --> 00:41:52,810 The SS clan is a racial aristocracy in the making, a clan whose mission is to 479 00:41:52,810 --> 00:41:53,810 rule the East. 480 00:42:00,710 --> 00:42:02,850 In September 1939, 481 00:42:03,660 --> 00:42:05,920 Hitler unleashes his armies on Poland. 482 00:42:08,420 --> 00:42:11,780 Seven years earlier, he had made his objectives clear. 483 00:42:12,120 --> 00:42:15,100 Our great experimental field is the East. 484 00:42:15,420 --> 00:42:19,000 There, a new European social order will arise. 485 00:42:22,500 --> 00:42:25,260 The Polish peasants are to be dispossessed. 486 00:42:25,780 --> 00:42:31,200 In their place are to be installed purebred Germans, selected and in time 487 00:42:31,200 --> 00:42:32,200 by the SS. 488 00:42:38,700 --> 00:42:43,740 Poles from areas annexed by Germany are concentrated in a reservation known as 489 00:42:43,740 --> 00:42:44,740 the Government General. 490 00:42:45,740 --> 00:42:50,600 Polish children deemed to have Aryan blood are kidnapped and taken to Germany 491 00:42:50,600 --> 00:42:52,160 racially valuable stock. 492 00:42:53,380 --> 00:42:58,860 The Jews of the occupied territories are concentrated in city ghettos inside the 493 00:42:58,860 --> 00:42:59,860 Government General. 494 00:43:04,590 --> 00:43:08,710 have orders to murder the most educated and influential sectors of the Polish 495 00:43:08,710 --> 00:43:09,710 population. 496 00:43:10,590 --> 00:43:15,110 They have also been instructed to open the next phase in the Nazi euthanasia 497 00:43:15,110 --> 00:43:19,710 program, the killing of those judged unfit for either breeding or labor. 498 00:43:21,530 --> 00:43:26,490 In Poland and in regions of Germany near the Polish border, thousands of inmates 499 00:43:26,490 --> 00:43:29,290 of psychiatric hospitals are taken and shot. 500 00:43:33,940 --> 00:43:38,540 Hitler's Chancellery, guided by its team of medical advisers, has carefully 501 00:43:38,540 --> 00:43:42,520 considered the question of how many are to be killed in the German euthanasia 502 00:43:42,520 --> 00:43:43,520 campaign. 503 00:43:44,140 --> 00:43:49,340 It had been concluded that of every 1 ,000 people in the German population, 504 00:43:49,340 --> 00:43:50,460 are mentally ill. 505 00:43:51,080 --> 00:43:53,300 Five will enter a psychiatric hospital. 506 00:43:53,540 --> 00:43:55,800 Of these five, one must die. 507 00:44:02,320 --> 00:44:08,800 The number to be killed is calculated by the committee as between 65 and 75 ,000 508 00:44:08,800 --> 00:44:09,800 people. 509 00:44:10,020 --> 00:44:15,400 The method is to be gassing in purpose -built chambers, a procedure suggested 510 00:44:15,400 --> 00:44:17,420 the Forensic Department of the Civil Police. 511 00:44:19,340 --> 00:44:24,380 The chancellery unit responsible for the euthanasia program is based at No. 512 00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:25,920 4 Tiergartenstrasse. 513 00:44:26,400 --> 00:44:30,040 After its address, the unit will become known as T4. 514 00:44:33,420 --> 00:44:38,640 During the German conquest of Western Europe in the summer of 1940, rumors of 515 00:44:38,640 --> 00:44:42,820 mysterious deaths in German psychiatric hospitals grow amongst the German 516 00:44:42,820 --> 00:44:43,820 public. 517 00:44:45,820 --> 00:44:50,260 Increasingly, elderly men and women refuse to enter retirement homes, 518 00:44:50,260 --> 00:44:51,260 for their lives. 519 00:44:51,860 --> 00:44:54,520 And the P4 program is widening. 520 00:44:59,080 --> 00:45:03,920 The residents of TB hospitals and workhouses will soon be included along 521 00:45:03,920 --> 00:45:05,000 the mentally ill prisoners. 522 00:45:05,800 --> 00:45:12,320 In early 1941, the Reich Interior Ministry orders that all Jewish patients 523 00:45:12,320 --> 00:45:14,540 German psychiatric hospitals be killed. 524 00:45:15,480 --> 00:45:21,000 The murders will be T4's first contribution to Hitler's coming campaign 525 00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:26,340 racial annihilation. The campaign soon to be known as the Final Solution. 526 00:45:29,500 --> 00:45:34,800 In 1934, Hitler had described the crusade which he would launch against 527 00:45:34,800 --> 00:45:36,660 Slavic peoples of the Soviet Union. 528 00:45:37,380 --> 00:45:44,040 We cannot in any way evade the final battle between German race ideals and 529 00:45:44,040 --> 00:45:45,040 mass ideals. 530 00:45:45,440 --> 00:45:50,120 We shall take this struggle upon us. It will open the door to permanent mastery 531 00:45:50,120 --> 00:45:51,120 of the world. 532 00:45:53,380 --> 00:45:57,820 The name chosen for the invasion of Russia is Operation Barbarossa. 533 00:45:59,310 --> 00:46:04,730 In medieval legends, revived by the Germanic occultists, the Emperor 534 00:46:04,890 --> 00:46:09,910 who lies sleeping beneath a mountain, would one day awake, unleashing German 535 00:46:09,910 --> 00:46:11,990 power in a fury of conquest. 536 00:46:17,850 --> 00:46:23,190 For the Slavic peoples of Russia, Adolf Hitler plans a nightmare world of mass 537 00:46:23,190 --> 00:46:25,850 slavery and the harshest of eugenic measures. 538 00:46:28,560 --> 00:46:33,740 Hitler had insisted, we are obliged to depopulate as part of our mission of 539 00:46:33,740 --> 00:46:38,040 preserving the German people. We shall have to develop a technique for 540 00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:39,040 depopulation. 541 00:46:44,380 --> 00:46:48,920 Preparing for a future in which tens of millions of Slavs are to be sterilized, 542 00:46:49,100 --> 00:46:54,040 German physicians will attempt to develop x -ray and surgical techniques 543 00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:55,840 mass eugenics program in the East. 544 00:46:56,590 --> 00:47:00,870 For Soviet Jews, however, Hitler will countenance nothing short of extinction. 545 00:47:01,650 --> 00:47:07,450 The war in Russia is to provide the cover for race murder on an unimaginable 546 00:47:07,450 --> 00:47:08,450 scale. 547 00:47:11,290 --> 00:47:17,690 On October the 10th, 1941, Field Marshal von Richenau tells the army divisions 548 00:47:17,690 --> 00:47:23,000 under his command, in the eastern sphere... The soldier is not simply a 549 00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:28,420 according to the rules of war, but the supporter of a ruthless racial ideology. 550 00:47:29,040 --> 00:47:34,420 For this reason, soldiers must show full understanding of the necessity for the 551 00:47:34,420 --> 00:47:38,620 severe but just atonement required of the Jewish subhumans. 552 00:47:40,540 --> 00:47:45,060 Assigned to each army group is an SS -Einsatzgruppe Special Action Unit. 553 00:47:46,020 --> 00:47:50,980 the Einsatzgruppen are responsible only to Heinrich Himmler, Reichsfuhrer of the 554 00:47:50,980 --> 00:47:51,980 SS. 555 00:47:54,740 --> 00:48:00,740 At the outset of Operation Barbarossa, Himmler had confided, the Fuhrer has 556 00:48:00,740 --> 00:48:05,620 ordered the final solution of the Jewish question, and we, the SS, must carry 557 00:48:05,620 --> 00:48:06,620 out this order. 558 00:48:09,260 --> 00:48:13,960 Himmler's reasoning is the terrifying blend of mysticism and science, now the 559 00:48:13,960 --> 00:48:15,840 hallmark of Nazi ideology. 560 00:48:16,820 --> 00:48:21,200 The Jews are the eternal enemies of the German race, and they must be 561 00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:22,200 exterminated. 562 00:48:22,700 --> 00:48:28,920 If we now fail to destroy the biological basis of Jewry, then one day the Jews 563 00:48:28,920 --> 00:48:30,820 will destroy the German people. 564 00:48:34,640 --> 00:48:38,820 The murder method adopted for the final solution in the East is mass shooting. 565 00:48:39,820 --> 00:48:45,740 By the autumn of 1941, Jews from Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia are 566 00:48:45,740 --> 00:48:48,380 deported to the killing grounds of the Soviet Union. 567 00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:58,060 The sheer scale of the murder campaign in the East and Himmler's personal 568 00:48:58,060 --> 00:49:02,380 distaste for mass shootings prompts him to order a search for an alternative 569 00:49:02,380 --> 00:49:03,380 killing method. 570 00:49:05,800 --> 00:49:10,500 In the German psychiatric hospitals and the T4 program, such a method has 571 00:49:10,500 --> 00:49:11,780 already been devised. 572 00:49:12,580 --> 00:49:18,160 By August 1941, T4 has achieved the number of killings its committee of 573 00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:20,060 physicians had calculated to be necessary. 574 00:49:20,820 --> 00:49:25,440 Over 90 ,000 psychiatric patients have been murdered in German hospitals. 575 00:49:25,960 --> 00:49:28,940 71 ,000 in hospital gas chambers. 576 00:49:32,360 --> 00:49:35,720 Public outrage in Germany is finally making itself felt. 577 00:49:36,280 --> 00:49:42,140 On August 3rd, the program is openly denounced by the Bishop of Münster, Graf 578 00:49:42,140 --> 00:49:45,620 Garlin. Three weeks later, Hitler orders a halt. 579 00:49:48,420 --> 00:49:54,060 The T4 unit is not disbanded. Now it diverts its attention to killing those 580 00:49:54,060 --> 00:49:58,960 inmates of German concentration camps who are too sick to work or who are 581 00:49:59,240 --> 00:50:01,340 gypsies or other racial enemies. 582 00:50:02,030 --> 00:50:05,290 In SS jargon, they are to receive special treatment. 583 00:50:08,050 --> 00:50:11,550 Prisoners to die are selected by roving T4 commissions. 584 00:50:12,310 --> 00:50:17,330 Until purpose -built facilities for mass killings are available in the camps, T4 585 00:50:17,330 --> 00:50:21,510 arranges that the condemned be sent to the gas chambers of German psychiatric 586 00:50:21,510 --> 00:50:22,510 hospitals. 587 00:50:23,660 --> 00:50:28,940 Soon, the new alliance between T4 and the SS will provide Adolf Hitler with a 588 00:50:28,940 --> 00:50:31,880 new weapon for his war of racial extermination. 589 00:50:32,460 --> 00:50:37,980 Together, the SS and T4 will develop the purpose -built death camp. 590 00:50:40,520 --> 00:50:46,460 In the summer of 1941, Heinrich Himmler orders the enlargement of Auschwitz 591 00:50:46,460 --> 00:50:49,480 concentration camp by the addition of a killing center. 592 00:50:50,640 --> 00:50:55,540 The gassing method will be tested on 600 Russian prisoners of war and 200 593 00:50:55,540 --> 00:50:56,660 hospital patients. 594 00:50:58,980 --> 00:51:04,180 In October, Alfred Rosenberg, now Reichsfuhrer for the occupied eastern 595 00:51:04,180 --> 00:51:09,300 territories, invites T4 to assist in the liquidation of the Jews confined to the 596 00:51:09,300 --> 00:51:10,300 Polish ghettos. 597 00:51:10,880 --> 00:51:15,620 He requests assistance in constructing in the east what he calls the necessary 598 00:51:15,620 --> 00:51:17,340 buildings and gassing apparatus. 599 00:51:19,120 --> 00:51:24,320 The channel of communication between Rosenberg and the SS is the office of 600 00:51:24,320 --> 00:51:29,860 Eichmann. It is Eichmann to whom Himmler entrusts the details of murdering an 601 00:51:29,860 --> 00:51:30,860 entire race. 602 00:51:31,760 --> 00:51:36,320 Eichmann's superior, Reinhard Heydrich, is to coordinate the operation. 603 00:51:39,300 --> 00:51:43,980 The decision to construct centres in the eastern territories for mass killings 604 00:51:43,980 --> 00:51:46,440 by gas is taken in October 1941. 605 00:51:47,920 --> 00:51:52,500 That same month, all Jewish emigration from Germany to foreign countries is 606 00:51:52,500 --> 00:51:58,340 banned. Instead, in the words of Reinhard Heydrich, Europe is to be 607 00:51:58,340 --> 00:51:59,780 east to west for Jews. 608 00:52:04,800 --> 00:52:10,240 The first death camp will be completed at Chelmno in December 1941. 609 00:52:11,800 --> 00:52:16,140 Labour camps at Auschwitz, Majdanek and Treblinka. 610 00:52:16,620 --> 00:52:18,240 are converted to killing centers. 611 00:52:19,500 --> 00:52:23,900 Gas chambers from German psychiatric hospitals will be dismantled and 612 00:52:23,900 --> 00:52:27,760 reassembled at Belzec, Treblinka, and Sobibor. 613 00:52:29,180 --> 00:52:31,940 With them will come their T4 personnel. 614 00:52:32,380 --> 00:52:36,760 All will continue to have their salaries paid by Hitler's private chancellery. 615 00:52:41,680 --> 00:52:47,490 Since the turn of the century, The scientific dogmas of eugenics and the 616 00:52:47,490 --> 00:52:53,130 fantasies of Germanic occultists had been slowly fused into a single doctrine 617 00:52:53,130 --> 00:52:55,590 racial supremacy and annihilation. 618 00:52:59,130 --> 00:53:04,810 Now in the death camp, the techniques devised by German physicians are to be 619 00:53:04,810 --> 00:53:08,850 used to destroy a racial enemy identified by mystics. 620 00:53:22,410 --> 00:53:27,810 In 1933, Hitler had presented his followers with the starkest of choices. 621 00:53:28,510 --> 00:53:34,270 For our people, it is decisive whether they acknowledge the Jewish Christ creed 622 00:53:34,270 --> 00:53:40,590 with its effeminate pity ethics, or a strong heroic belief in God in nature, 623 00:53:40,770 --> 00:53:44,950 God in our own people, in our destiny, in our blood. 624 00:53:47,150 --> 00:53:52,580 By choosing the race creed of the blood, Adolf Hitler and his disciples will 625 00:53:52,580 --> 00:53:58,360 make of Europe and the Soviet Union a single vast realm of suffering, of 626 00:53:58,520 --> 00:54:00,020 and of death. 57000

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