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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:01,001 _ 2 00:00:02,127 --> 00:00:06,005 Millions of planets similar to our own. 3 00:00:06,006 --> 00:00:09,675 The discoveries of exoplanets 4 00:00:09,676 --> 00:00:13,054 over the past few years have been absolutely extraordinary. 5 00:00:13,055 --> 00:00:17,391 And many could soon be within the grasp of our technology. 6 00:00:17,392 --> 00:00:19,018 Think about it. 7 00:00:19,019 --> 00:00:21,687 Civilizations over billions of years could have 8 00:00:21,688 --> 00:00:23,689 risen and fallen 9 00:00:23,690 --> 00:00:27,235 even before the Earth was formed. 10 00:00:27,236 --> 00:00:31,239 But if we can reach out in pursuit of life on other worlds, 11 00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:34,534 might they also be reaching out to us? 12 00:00:34,535 --> 00:00:38,829 And have they been doing so for thousands of years? 13 00:00:38,830 --> 00:00:42,208 Could it be that ancient civilizations, 14 00:00:42,209 --> 00:00:44,877 ancient aliens from far away 15 00:00:44,878 --> 00:00:48,381 migrated from their home worlds 16 00:00:48,382 --> 00:00:50,216 and they found Earth? 17 00:00:50,217 --> 00:00:52,343 The implications for humanity 18 00:00:52,344 --> 00:00:53,553 are enormous. 19 00:00:56,390 --> 00:00:58,474 There is a doorway 20 00:00:58,475 --> 00:01:01,227 in the universe. 21 00:01:01,228 --> 00:01:04,273 Beyond it is the promise of truth. 22 00:01:05,357 --> 00:01:07,984 It demands we question everything 23 00:01:07,985 --> 00:01:10,278 we have ever been taught. 24 00:01:10,279 --> 00:01:14,073 The evidence is all around us. 25 00:01:14,074 --> 00:01:18,077 The future is right before our eyes. 26 00:01:18,078 --> 00:01:20,746 We are not alone. 27 00:01:20,747 --> 00:01:24,251 We have never been alone. 28 00:01:32,217 --> 00:01:34,385 Cape Canaveral, Florida. 29 00:01:34,386 --> 00:01:37,930 April 18, 2018. 30 00:01:37,931 --> 00:01:40,600 At 6:51 p. m., 31 00:01:40,601 --> 00:01:45,521 a Falcon 9 rocket blasts off on a mission to deploy 32 00:01:45,522 --> 00:01:47,982 NASA's newest space telescope into orbit: 33 00:01:47,983 --> 00:01:52,236 the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, 34 00:01:52,237 --> 00:01:53,612 or TESS. 35 00:01:53,613 --> 00:01:56,782 TESS is like a survey of the whole sky, a survey 36 00:01:56,783 --> 00:02:00,286 of the nearest 100 light‐years or so 37 00:02:00,287 --> 00:02:03,914 of planets that would be around these stars. 38 00:02:03,915 --> 00:02:06,459 Over the next decade, 39 00:02:06,460 --> 00:02:10,463 scientists expect that TESS will fulfill its primary mission: 40 00:02:10,464 --> 00:02:14,343 to discover thousands of so‐called exoplanets. 41 00:02:15,802 --> 00:02:17,970 Exoplanets are planets that exist 42 00:02:17,971 --> 00:02:20,139 outside of our solar system. 43 00:02:20,140 --> 00:02:23,809 We're certainly in an exoplanet golden age of discovery. 44 00:02:23,810 --> 00:02:26,395 20 years ago, we didn't know 45 00:02:26,396 --> 00:02:28,606 if there were other Earth‐like planets in the universe. 46 00:02:28,607 --> 00:02:32,902 And now we can't imagine how we could discover things 47 00:02:32,903 --> 00:02:35,529 at a higher rate and still try to make sense of it. 48 00:02:35,530 --> 00:02:37,198 It's such a struggle just to keep up 49 00:02:37,199 --> 00:02:39,660 with the discoveries that we're making right now. 50 00:02:42,162 --> 00:02:44,163 It is only recently, 51 00:02:44,164 --> 00:02:46,499 with the development of deep‐space satellites 52 00:02:46,500 --> 00:02:48,417 and high‐powered telescopes, 53 00:02:48,418 --> 00:02:50,920 that a more accurate understanding of nearby planets, 54 00:02:50,921 --> 00:02:54,757 especially planets capable of supporting human life, 55 00:02:54,758 --> 00:02:57,677 has been possible. 56 00:02:57,678 --> 00:03:01,681 But it wasn't so long ago that the notion of Earth‐like planets 57 00:03:01,682 --> 00:03:05,017 existing in our galaxy wasn't simply unknown; 58 00:03:05,018 --> 00:03:07,520 it was considered blasphemy. 59 00:03:07,521 --> 00:03:12,191 When the 16th century Italian philosopher and cosmologist 60 00:03:12,192 --> 00:03:14,527 Giordano Bruno expressed his belief 61 00:03:14,528 --> 00:03:18,698 in "an infinity of worlds" and raised the possibility 62 00:03:18,699 --> 00:03:21,200 that other planets could harbor life, 63 00:03:21,201 --> 00:03:25,746 he was charged with heresy and burned at the stake. 64 00:03:25,747 --> 00:03:27,873 It was heretical, revolutionary, 65 00:03:27,874 --> 00:03:30,876 to believe that there could be alien life out there. 66 00:03:30,877 --> 00:03:34,213 Giordano Bruno was burned alive 67 00:03:34,214 --> 00:03:37,383 in the streets of Rome, and what was his crime? 68 00:03:37,384 --> 00:03:41,137 To say that there are aliens out there on other planets. 69 00:03:41,138 --> 00:03:43,764 You weren't allowed to think like that. 70 00:03:43,765 --> 00:03:45,433 It challenged 71 00:03:45,434 --> 00:03:48,394 all their predispositions and their power structure. 72 00:03:48,395 --> 00:03:51,772 "No, there are no other worlds. There's nothing out there." 73 00:03:51,773 --> 00:03:53,232 But there is something out there, 74 00:03:53,233 --> 00:03:55,734 there's no question about it. 75 00:03:55,735 --> 00:03:58,696 As recently as the early 1990s, 76 00:03:58,697 --> 00:04:02,324 astronomers were still unable to detect these distant planets, 77 00:04:02,325 --> 00:04:06,579 even with high‐powered telescopes. 78 00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:08,747 It's hard to see an exoplanet. 79 00:04:08,748 --> 00:04:14,003 Imagine trying to look at a firefly next to a spotlight. 80 00:04:14,004 --> 00:04:16,172 It's incredibly difficult 81 00:04:16,173 --> 00:04:18,591 because stars shine by their own light. 82 00:04:18,592 --> 00:04:21,260 They give off their own light, but planets reflect light. 83 00:04:21,261 --> 00:04:23,637 A typical star is about 84 00:04:23,638 --> 00:04:27,641 ten billion times brighter than a planet. 85 00:04:27,642 --> 00:04:30,311 Thanks to remarkable 86 00:04:30,312 --> 00:04:32,313 advances in technology, 87 00:04:32,314 --> 00:04:35,608 astronomers made the very first discovery of an exoplanet 88 00:04:35,609 --> 00:04:40,112 in 1992 using an Earth‐based telescope. 89 00:04:40,113 --> 00:04:44,283 But that search kicked into high gear in 2009 90 00:04:44,284 --> 00:04:47,620 with the launch of Kepler, the first space telescope 91 00:04:47,621 --> 00:04:51,123 specially designed to find exoplanets. 92 00:04:51,124 --> 00:04:54,627 And in 2018, Kepler was replaced 93 00:04:54,628 --> 00:04:57,463 by the even more powerful TESS. 94 00:04:57,464 --> 00:05:00,132 So, one of the really cool things about TESS, 95 00:05:00,133 --> 00:05:02,051 the new satellite that NASA's put up, 96 00:05:02,052 --> 00:05:07,473 is basically it was specifically designed to detect exoplanets 97 00:05:07,474 --> 00:05:10,059 by what's called the transit method, 98 00:05:10,060 --> 00:05:12,561 which is where, when a planet goes in front of a star, 99 00:05:12,562 --> 00:05:14,313 it blocks the light briefly 100 00:05:14,314 --> 00:05:17,650 and you really see the light blink on and off. 101 00:05:17,651 --> 00:05:19,318 That tell‐tale dip 102 00:05:19,319 --> 00:05:20,986 is what tells you there might be something 103 00:05:20,987 --> 00:05:22,196 that's passing in front of it. 104 00:05:22,197 --> 00:05:23,864 The regularity tells you about the orbit, 105 00:05:23,865 --> 00:05:25,032 which is the easiest way 106 00:05:25,033 --> 00:05:28,369 to actually start looking for new planets. 107 00:05:28,370 --> 00:05:31,705 Although the initial objective in the search 108 00:05:31,706 --> 00:05:34,625 for exoplanets was simply to determine how many stars 109 00:05:34,626 --> 00:05:38,546 in our galaxy might have planets in orbit around them, 110 00:05:38,547 --> 00:05:42,091 the actual results were staggering. 111 00:05:42,092 --> 00:05:46,679 Our galaxy has around, um, 400 billion stars. 112 00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:49,181 From what we've seen so far is, on average, 113 00:05:49,182 --> 00:05:52,184 every star has at least one planet. 114 00:05:52,185 --> 00:05:56,355 So that means that there are 400 billion, at least, 115 00:05:56,356 --> 00:05:59,066 planets in our galaxy. 116 00:05:59,067 --> 00:06:02,236 400 billion planets 117 00:06:02,237 --> 00:06:04,697 in the Milky Way galaxy alone? 118 00:06:04,698 --> 00:06:07,867 The discovery of such an extraordinary number 119 00:06:07,868 --> 00:06:10,870 of exoplanets represents a radical change 120 00:06:10,871 --> 00:06:13,414 in our understanding of the universe. 121 00:06:13,415 --> 00:06:16,542 But even more radical is the notion 122 00:06:16,543 --> 00:06:18,544 that millions of those planets 123 00:06:18,545 --> 00:06:22,882 might actually be capable of not just supporting life 124 00:06:22,883 --> 00:06:25,509 but generating it. 125 00:06:25,510 --> 00:06:30,389 And, to that end, astronomers and astrophysicists 126 00:06:30,390 --> 00:06:32,224 actively search for planets in a region 127 00:06:32,225 --> 00:06:36,186 they refer to as the Goldilocks zone. 128 00:06:36,187 --> 00:06:39,690 The Goldilocks zone is exactly that range for a given star 129 00:06:39,691 --> 00:06:41,317 of where water is gonna be liquid 130 00:06:41,318 --> 00:06:42,736 on a given type of planet. 131 00:06:44,404 --> 00:06:46,739 We want a planet that is not too close, 132 00:06:46,740 --> 00:06:48,824 not too far from the mother star, 133 00:06:48,825 --> 00:06:50,743 but just right. 134 00:06:50,744 --> 00:06:52,786 Planets that may have oxygen 135 00:06:52,787 --> 00:06:54,913 and H2O, water, 136 00:06:54,914 --> 00:06:58,751 that may make possible an atmosphere 137 00:06:58,752 --> 00:07:02,087 and maybe even life. 138 00:07:02,088 --> 00:07:06,592 Based upon current observations, scientists are astounded 139 00:07:06,593 --> 00:07:10,095 by the number of potentially habitable planets that exist 140 00:07:10,096 --> 00:07:11,764 in the Goldilocks zone. 141 00:07:11,765 --> 00:07:15,267 With at least 400 billion planets in our galaxy, 142 00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:18,937 if you just look at one percent of that, 143 00:07:18,938 --> 00:07:21,440 you're still talking about billions of planets 144 00:07:21,441 --> 00:07:24,485 that could potentially be habitable. 145 00:07:24,486 --> 00:07:27,780 This is exciting 'cause we once thought that we were 146 00:07:27,781 --> 00:07:29,490 the only game in town, 147 00:07:29,491 --> 00:07:32,451 that can only exist on the planet Earth. 148 00:07:32,452 --> 00:07:34,536 The discovery of exoplanets, 149 00:07:34,537 --> 00:07:36,955 I think it's really changed our view 150 00:07:36,956 --> 00:07:40,042 of the potential for life in the universe. 151 00:07:40,043 --> 00:07:42,795 Fundamentally, I think most scientists would now agree 152 00:07:42,796 --> 00:07:46,215 that there is some form of life elsewhere in the universe. 153 00:07:46,216 --> 00:07:50,803 But in spite of the abundance of habitable exoplanets, 154 00:07:50,804 --> 00:07:53,305 many scientists still cling to the notion 155 00:07:53,306 --> 00:07:56,725 that the only kind of life likely to exist outside of Earth 156 00:07:56,726 --> 00:07:59,478 is microbial or bacterial. 157 00:07:59,479 --> 00:08:03,941 They are resistant to what they claim are far‐fetched notions 158 00:08:03,942 --> 00:08:06,652 that these planets might not only contain more sophisticated 159 00:08:06,653 --> 00:08:10,364 or evolved life‐forms, but intelligent life‐forms, 160 00:08:10,365 --> 00:08:13,492 some much more evolved or technologically advanced 161 00:08:13,493 --> 00:08:15,160 than our own. 162 00:08:15,161 --> 00:08:16,995 Think about it. 163 00:08:16,996 --> 00:08:21,500 The universe is about 13.8 billion years old. 164 00:08:21,501 --> 00:08:26,672 The Earth is 4.6 billion years old. 165 00:08:26,673 --> 00:08:30,259 Civilizations, over billions of years, 166 00:08:30,260 --> 00:08:32,594 could have risen and fallen 167 00:08:32,595 --> 00:08:36,348 even before the Earth was formed. 168 00:08:36,349 --> 00:08:40,185 Although the realization that the galaxy is teeming 169 00:08:40,186 --> 00:08:42,855 with Earth‐like planets has triggered a revolution 170 00:08:42,856 --> 00:08:45,149 in conventional scientific thinking, 171 00:08:45,150 --> 00:08:48,777 as far as ancient astronaut theorists are concerned, 172 00:08:48,778 --> 00:08:52,948 it merely confirms what they have believed all along. 173 00:08:52,949 --> 00:08:56,243 The discoveries of exoplanets 174 00:08:56,244 --> 00:09:00,372 over the past few years have been absolutely extraordinary. 175 00:09:00,373 --> 00:09:03,083 I remember that the first time they discovered 176 00:09:03,084 --> 00:09:06,628 this first exoplanet, and me and my colleagues were like‐‐ 177 00:09:06,629 --> 00:09:10,549 were saying, "Okay, this will be the first of many." 178 00:09:10,550 --> 00:09:16,221 And now, apparently, as many as three exoplanets 179 00:09:16,222 --> 00:09:19,725 are being discovered on a daily basis. 180 00:09:19,726 --> 00:09:21,894 So what we've said all along, 181 00:09:21,895 --> 00:09:26,273 that Earth is not unique in this gigantic universe, 182 00:09:26,274 --> 00:09:28,734 turns out to be correct. 183 00:09:28,735 --> 00:09:32,196 This raises the question that we've been bringing up, 184 00:09:32,197 --> 00:09:34,364 that for thousands of years, there's evidence 185 00:09:34,365 --> 00:09:37,910 of some type of visitation from other civilizations. 186 00:09:37,911 --> 00:09:40,245 Hopefully, our sciences are able 187 00:09:40,246 --> 00:09:44,750 to now detect exoplanets, will allow us to pinpoint 188 00:09:44,751 --> 00:09:46,919 some of these actual home worlds 189 00:09:46,920 --> 00:09:49,296 where aliens have been visiting us. 190 00:09:49,297 --> 00:09:52,758 I propose that most of those planets 191 00:09:52,759 --> 00:09:56,136 that are in this Goldilocks zone 192 00:09:56,137 --> 00:09:59,641 have life very similar to ours. 193 00:10:01,101 --> 00:10:03,936 The only question is: was it them 194 00:10:03,937 --> 00:10:06,815 who came here thousands of years ago? 195 00:10:08,858 --> 00:10:11,693 But while a growing number of mainstream scientists 196 00:10:11,694 --> 00:10:14,780 do admit that intelligent life can, theoretically, 197 00:10:14,781 --> 00:10:17,116 exist elsewhere within our galaxy, 198 00:10:17,117 --> 00:10:20,828 they also argue that the distances between those planets 199 00:10:20,829 --> 00:10:24,706 and our own are too vast for any extraterrestrial visitation 200 00:10:24,707 --> 00:10:26,250 to take place. 201 00:10:26,251 --> 00:10:30,087 It is a position that puts them in direct conflict 202 00:10:30,088 --> 00:10:32,214 with ancient astronaut theorists, 203 00:10:32,215 --> 00:10:36,301 who contend that the keys to extraterrestrial space travel 204 00:10:36,302 --> 00:10:38,303 can be found in Albert Einstein's 205 00:10:38,304 --> 00:10:39,930 theory of relativity, 206 00:10:39,931 --> 00:10:44,184 and that a voyage to a distant star could take not centuries 207 00:10:44,185 --> 00:10:45,687 but seconds. 208 00:10:50,692 --> 00:10:53,235 The Atacama Desert, Chile. 209 00:10:53,236 --> 00:10:56,697 August 2016. 210 00:10:56,698 --> 00:10:59,408 At the La Silla Observatory, 211 00:10:59,409 --> 00:11:01,869 astronomers searching for exoplanets 212 00:11:01,870 --> 00:11:03,996 announce the detection of an Earth‐like planet 213 00:11:03,997 --> 00:11:08,876 orbiting the closest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri. 214 00:11:08,877 --> 00:11:13,088 They name the planet Proxima b, and describe it 215 00:11:13,089 --> 00:11:16,175 as both Earth‐like and close enough to its star 216 00:11:16,176 --> 00:11:19,678 to be capable of supporting life. 217 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:22,306 One of the more interesting exoplanets we've found recently 218 00:11:22,307 --> 00:11:23,849 is Proxima b. 219 00:11:23,850 --> 00:11:28,228 This exoplanet is about 1.3 times the size of Earth, 220 00:11:28,229 --> 00:11:30,397 so scientists think that it might be rocky, 221 00:11:30,398 --> 00:11:33,567 which means that it could be quite similar to Earth. 222 00:11:33,568 --> 00:11:36,486 Proxima b may be habitable. 223 00:11:36,487 --> 00:11:38,447 We'll be able to study it in more detail 224 00:11:38,448 --> 00:11:39,948 with large telescopes. 225 00:11:39,949 --> 00:11:42,284 And in the next ten years, we may even be able 226 00:11:42,285 --> 00:11:45,872 to get pictures of the planet. 227 00:11:48,833 --> 00:11:51,001 Proxima b is located 228 00:11:51,002 --> 00:11:53,337 just over four light‐years from Earth, 229 00:11:53,338 --> 00:11:56,381 a distance of about 25 trillion miles. 230 00:11:56,382 --> 00:12:00,385 Despite the immense distance, an ambitious program 231 00:12:00,386 --> 00:12:04,681 is already underway to send spacecraft to study it. 232 00:12:04,682 --> 00:12:08,060 Called Breakthrough Starshot, the program began 233 00:12:08,061 --> 00:12:11,188 as the joint brainchild of philanthropist Yuri Milner 234 00:12:11,189 --> 00:12:15,275 and famous cosmologist, the late Stephen Hawking. 235 00:12:15,276 --> 00:12:17,694 For the first time in human history, 236 00:12:17,695 --> 00:12:21,490 we can do more than just gaze at the stars. 237 00:12:21,491 --> 00:12:24,159 We can actually reach them. 238 00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:26,703 The goal of Breakthrough Starshot 239 00:12:26,704 --> 00:12:29,539 is to send tiny probes, mere centimeters thick, 240 00:12:29,540 --> 00:12:31,542 to the nearby planet. 241 00:12:33,294 --> 00:12:37,422 We take a computer chip, energize it with laser beams, 242 00:12:37,423 --> 00:12:39,466 add a parachute. 243 00:12:39,467 --> 00:12:41,093 The laser beam inflates the parachute 244 00:12:41,094 --> 00:12:44,888 and shoots the chip to the nearest star 245 00:12:44,889 --> 00:12:49,268 You deploy this and you basically just cruise. 246 00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:51,770 You can possibly accelerate them fairly high, 247 00:12:51,771 --> 00:12:53,605 20% the speed of light, 248 00:12:53,606 --> 00:12:58,443 and now getting to the nearest stars becomes very reasonable. 249 00:12:58,444 --> 00:13:02,030 But even traveling at such high speeds, 250 00:13:02,031 --> 00:13:05,909 the probes will take 20 years to complete their journey. 251 00:13:05,910 --> 00:13:08,829 Light travels at a finite speed. 252 00:13:08,830 --> 00:13:10,622 A very simple example of this is: 253 00:13:10,623 --> 00:13:14,251 the Sun is eight minutes away by the way light travels. 254 00:13:14,252 --> 00:13:16,962 And most things are millions of light‐years away 255 00:13:16,963 --> 00:13:19,172 or thousands of light‐years away. 256 00:13:19,173 --> 00:13:24,052 If we pick up a signal from another civilization, 257 00:13:24,053 --> 00:13:27,347 uh, that's a big thing, but it's very distant. 258 00:13:27,348 --> 00:13:30,183 They may never get here, we may never meet them, 259 00:13:30,184 --> 00:13:32,311 indeed, because of interstellar distances. 260 00:13:32,312 --> 00:13:35,856 If, as ancient astronaut theorists believe, 261 00:13:35,857 --> 00:13:38,442 Earth has been visited by alien entities 262 00:13:38,443 --> 00:13:41,528 coming from exoplanets only now being discovered, 263 00:13:41,529 --> 00:13:44,614 such entities would have to overcome the primary obstacle 264 00:13:44,615 --> 00:13:49,995 to space travel, the vast distance between objects. 265 00:13:49,996 --> 00:13:52,456 You talk to many scientists, they'll say the same thing 266 00:13:52,457 --> 00:13:54,416 over and over again: 267 00:13:54,417 --> 00:13:56,877 "The distances between stars is so great, 268 00:13:56,878 --> 00:13:59,839 impossible that these aliens can visit us." 269 00:14:01,591 --> 00:14:03,425 Think for a moment, 270 00:14:03,426 --> 00:14:07,554 if they're a million years more advanced than us. 271 00:14:07,555 --> 00:14:09,765 Just realize that modern technology, 272 00:14:09,766 --> 00:14:14,186 with all our wonders, is only about 300 years old. 273 00:14:14,187 --> 00:14:18,148 In recent years a growing number of astrophysicists 274 00:14:18,149 --> 00:14:20,400 have proposed that mankind's ability 275 00:14:20,401 --> 00:14:23,403 to unlock the mysteries of interstellar space travel 276 00:14:23,404 --> 00:14:26,365 might be much closer than previously thought. 277 00:14:28,076 --> 00:14:30,202 And they believe the key is by using 278 00:14:30,203 --> 00:14:34,081 a theoretically possible structure known as a wormhole, 279 00:14:34,082 --> 00:14:36,708 a bend in space‐time that was first proposed 280 00:14:36,709 --> 00:14:40,837 by Albert Einstein, which could make travel times between stars 281 00:14:40,838 --> 00:14:44,759 not only shorter, but nearly instantaneous. 282 00:14:46,761 --> 00:14:49,679 From the perspective of ultimate space travel, 283 00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:51,765 from my point of view, 284 00:14:51,766 --> 00:14:54,684 wormholes are simply, you take space‐‐ 285 00:14:54,685 --> 00:14:57,187 which can bend, in our theory of general relativity, 286 00:14:57,188 --> 00:14:59,064 the modern theory of gravity‐‐ 287 00:14:59,065 --> 00:15:01,525 you bend it around on itself so you have two layers 288 00:15:01,526 --> 00:15:04,069 that are apart and you connect them with a tunnel. 289 00:15:04,070 --> 00:15:05,904 That tunnel is a wormhole. 290 00:15:05,905 --> 00:15:07,906 They're commonly referred to as stargates 291 00:15:07,907 --> 00:15:09,991 because it gives you a way to get 292 00:15:09,992 --> 00:15:14,121 faster‐than‐light space travel across large distances. 293 00:15:14,122 --> 00:15:18,792 In theory, spacecraft that can create wormholes 294 00:15:18,793 --> 00:15:21,169 would be able to travel to distant exoplanets 295 00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:25,632 in just hours, possibly even seconds. 296 00:15:25,633 --> 00:15:28,885 If extraterrestrial civilizations, 297 00:15:28,886 --> 00:15:32,139 far more advanced than humans, do exist, 298 00:15:32,140 --> 00:15:34,975 could they have discovered the secrets of space travel 299 00:15:34,976 --> 00:15:38,687 hundreds or perhaps thousands of years ago? 300 00:15:38,688 --> 00:15:43,317 And, if so, might they have even traveled here to planet Earth? 301 00:15:46,654 --> 00:15:48,947 Mount Palomar, California. 302 00:15:48,948 --> 00:15:52,868 October 6, 2013. 303 00:15:52,869 --> 00:15:56,371 A massive red star in the constellation Pegasus, 304 00:15:56,372 --> 00:15:59,583 ten times larger than our sun, 305 00:15:59,584 --> 00:16:02,460 explodes in a colossal supernova. 306 00:16:02,461 --> 00:16:05,547 For the first time, scientists are able to witness 307 00:16:05,548 --> 00:16:08,967 the death of a giant star in real time. 308 00:16:08,968 --> 00:16:12,387 But perhaps even more profound is the fact 309 00:16:12,388 --> 00:16:14,431 that, because the dying star 310 00:16:14,432 --> 00:16:17,350 is 160 million light‐years from Earth, 311 00:16:17,351 --> 00:16:21,188 astronomers are actually witnessing an event 312 00:16:21,189 --> 00:16:26,401 that took place 160 million years ago. 313 00:16:26,402 --> 00:16:29,070 So one of the things to realize about astronomy 314 00:16:29,071 --> 00:16:32,365 is almost everything we are looking at is in the past... 315 00:16:32,366 --> 00:16:35,076 'cause the light doesn't travel instantly. 316 00:16:35,077 --> 00:16:38,663 And a supernova is basically a star exploding. 317 00:16:38,664 --> 00:16:41,291 If it had any planets around it, those are wiped out. 318 00:16:41,292 --> 00:16:44,127 So, if there was a civilization or if there was life there, 319 00:16:44,128 --> 00:16:47,839 what we're seeing happen now happened very far in the past. 320 00:16:47,840 --> 00:16:51,259 The violent death of the star in Pegasus 321 00:16:51,260 --> 00:16:53,929 provides dramatic confirmation that the universe 322 00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:56,765 is both ancient and dynamic. 323 00:16:56,766 --> 00:17:00,977 But ancient astronaut theorists believe such discoveries 324 00:17:00,978 --> 00:17:02,979 also provide reasons 325 00:17:02,980 --> 00:17:06,816 why an advanced extraterrestrial civilization might need to leave 326 00:17:06,817 --> 00:17:09,695 its home planet in search of other worlds. 327 00:17:11,364 --> 00:17:14,991 When astronomers look out into the, the galaxy 328 00:17:14,992 --> 00:17:18,036 for dying suns, 329 00:17:18,037 --> 00:17:22,332 if there were beings who had an advanced civilization 330 00:17:22,333 --> 00:17:24,209 around this dying sun, 331 00:17:24,210 --> 00:17:28,838 they would, in theory, want to migrate to another solar system, 332 00:17:28,839 --> 00:17:31,508 to another planet that they could inhabit. 333 00:17:31,509 --> 00:17:35,470 And it's quite possible that they did that 334 00:17:35,471 --> 00:17:37,889 and came to our planet, in fact. 335 00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:41,184 We know that billions of years from now, 336 00:17:41,185 --> 00:17:44,271 our own star, our sun, will go supernova, 337 00:17:44,272 --> 00:17:48,024 and we are very close now to being able to venture out 338 00:17:48,025 --> 00:17:50,819 or migrate to another habitable planet. 339 00:17:50,820 --> 00:17:54,281 We can extrapolate that to ancient civilizations as well, 340 00:17:54,282 --> 00:17:56,825 ancient star civilizations, who knew that their own star 341 00:17:56,826 --> 00:17:58,868 was ready to go supernova 342 00:17:58,869 --> 00:18:03,791 and they embarked on a plan of planetary migration. 343 00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,712 Has the story of the cosmos been, in part, 344 00:18:08,713 --> 00:18:11,298 a story of the extraterrestrial migration 345 00:18:11,299 --> 00:18:14,551 of various advanced exoplanet life‐forms? 346 00:18:14,552 --> 00:18:17,887 As far as ancient astronaut theorists are concerned, 347 00:18:17,888 --> 00:18:20,765 the answer is a resounding yes. 348 00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:24,644 And they claim the proof can be found by carefully examining 349 00:18:24,645 --> 00:18:28,607 everything from ancient carvings to the religious beliefs 350 00:18:28,608 --> 00:18:32,403 of ancient cultures from across the globe. 351 00:18:36,115 --> 00:18:38,951 La Silla Observatory, Chile. 352 00:18:39,994 --> 00:18:42,495 2011. 353 00:18:42,496 --> 00:18:44,914 Astronomers announce the discovery 354 00:18:44,915 --> 00:18:46,916 of a large Earth‐like planet 355 00:18:46,917 --> 00:18:50,629 orbiting a star in the constellation Orion. 356 00:18:50,630 --> 00:18:54,299 The planet is located in the Goldilocks zone, 357 00:18:54,300 --> 00:18:57,677 and the star it orbits is very similar to our own, 358 00:18:57,678 --> 00:19:03,099 making it an ideal candidate for extraterrestrial life. 359 00:19:03,100 --> 00:19:05,060 This is exciting 'cause we want 360 00:19:05,061 --> 00:19:07,854 to have a stable solar system like the planet Earth, 361 00:19:07,855 --> 00:19:09,856 that's the goal. 362 00:19:09,857 --> 00:19:13,318 As far as ancient astronaut theorists are concerned, 363 00:19:13,319 --> 00:19:16,988 this may be the most compelling exoplanet discovery yet, 364 00:19:16,989 --> 00:19:19,783 because throughout the world, numerous ancient cultures 365 00:19:19,784 --> 00:19:21,201 have told stories 366 00:19:21,202 --> 00:19:24,287 of otherworldly visitors coming from Orion, 367 00:19:24,288 --> 00:19:26,665 and even built their most important structures 368 00:19:26,666 --> 00:19:29,668 in alignment with that constellation. 369 00:19:29,669 --> 00:19:33,505 All around the world, there are these ancient structures 370 00:19:33,506 --> 00:19:37,926 that have been built in the form of Orion. 371 00:19:37,927 --> 00:19:41,304 One example that comes to mind is the Great Pyramid of Giza, 372 00:19:41,305 --> 00:19:44,307 where the three pyramids are aligned 373 00:19:44,308 --> 00:19:47,186 according to the belt stars of Orion. 374 00:19:48,229 --> 00:19:51,314 But also, in the American Southwest, 375 00:19:51,315 --> 00:19:55,694 there are structures that are in reference to Orion. 376 00:19:55,695 --> 00:20:00,657 Native American myths talk specifically about visitors 377 00:20:00,658 --> 00:20:06,079 who came here from the Orion constellation. 378 00:20:06,080 --> 00:20:09,040 The fact that Orion's constellation exists 379 00:20:09,041 --> 00:20:13,169 in magnificent archaeological monuments on Earth 380 00:20:13,170 --> 00:20:17,382 indicates to me that someone at some point taught our ancestors 381 00:20:17,383 --> 00:20:21,010 where and how to build these structures 382 00:20:21,011 --> 00:20:24,640 to illustrate where they are from. 383 00:20:26,684 --> 00:20:29,352 Is it possible that the exoplanet discovered 384 00:20:29,353 --> 00:20:32,397 in the Orion constellation is the same place 385 00:20:32,398 --> 00:20:35,400 where extraterrestrial visitors to Earth came from 386 00:20:35,401 --> 00:20:38,069 thousands of years ago? 387 00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:41,906 For ancient astronaut theorists, such an audacious notion 388 00:20:41,907 --> 00:20:44,117 is a very real possibility. 389 00:20:44,118 --> 00:20:48,413 And they also insist that Orion is not the only star system 390 00:20:48,414 --> 00:20:50,999 from where aliens may have come. 391 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:52,625 All over the world, 392 00:20:52,626 --> 00:20:54,461 we have different cultures 393 00:20:54,462 --> 00:20:59,632 who identify with certain star systems as their origins. 394 00:20:59,633 --> 00:21:02,761 The Quechua people of Peru, 395 00:21:02,762 --> 00:21:06,474 they believe that we're from the, the Pleiades. 396 00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:10,393 In Africa, we have the Dogon, 397 00:21:10,394 --> 00:21:13,646 who are saying that, uh, our origin is actually 398 00:21:13,647 --> 00:21:16,441 with the Sirius star system. 399 00:21:16,442 --> 00:21:18,610 Various cultures have imagined they have come 400 00:21:18,611 --> 00:21:22,447 from specific places, uh, the Pleiades or Sirius. 401 00:21:22,448 --> 00:21:26,117 Well, that would be a planet near the star system, 402 00:21:26,118 --> 00:21:28,953 suggesting that, at least in mythology, 403 00:21:28,954 --> 00:21:31,289 there are planets there that could be 404 00:21:31,290 --> 00:21:33,792 inhabited by creatures like us. 405 00:21:33,793 --> 00:21:36,336 While many ancient cultures 406 00:21:36,337 --> 00:21:40,006 pointed to distant star systems as the homes of their gods, 407 00:21:40,007 --> 00:21:42,425 ancient astronaut theorists suggest that 408 00:21:42,426 --> 00:21:45,637 one of the oldest human civilizations, the Sumerians, 409 00:21:45,638 --> 00:21:49,432 left records of otherworldly beings that came from a planet 410 00:21:49,433 --> 00:21:51,768 right in our own solar system. 411 00:21:51,769 --> 00:21:54,187 A planet that until very recently 412 00:21:54,188 --> 00:21:57,399 was thought not to exist. 413 00:22:00,861 --> 00:22:02,362 New York City. 414 00:22:02,363 --> 00:22:04,948 1976. 415 00:22:04,949 --> 00:22:09,869 Author Zecharia Sitchin publishes his landmark book 416 00:22:09,870 --> 00:22:11,663 The 12th Planet. 417 00:22:11,664 --> 00:22:14,499 The first of over a dozen books based upon 418 00:22:14,500 --> 00:22:18,461 Sitchin's translations of ancient Sumerian texts, 419 00:22:18,462 --> 00:22:20,505 The 12th Planet ultimately reshapes the way 420 00:22:20,506 --> 00:22:24,676 millions of people view the history of life on Earth. 421 00:22:24,677 --> 00:22:28,471 In it, Sitchin claims that ancient Sumerians wrote about 422 00:22:28,472 --> 00:22:31,766 an extraterrestrial race that once visited Earth, 423 00:22:31,767 --> 00:22:34,186 the Anunnaki. 424 00:22:36,814 --> 00:22:39,148 The term "Anunnaki" is essentially 425 00:22:39,149 --> 00:22:41,526 interchangeable with "extraterrestrial," 426 00:22:41,527 --> 00:22:44,696 because the word "Anunnaki" itself means 427 00:22:44,697 --> 00:22:48,324 "those who from the heavens came." 428 00:22:48,325 --> 00:22:51,202 There's a whole pantheon 429 00:22:51,203 --> 00:22:53,037 of Anunnaki, basically. 430 00:22:53,038 --> 00:22:55,164 There was Anu, who is essentially 431 00:22:55,165 --> 00:22:56,875 the king of all the Anunnaki. 432 00:22:56,876 --> 00:23:00,086 And then his two sons Enlil and Enki. 433 00:23:00,087 --> 00:23:02,547 When we look in a lot of the Sumerian tablets, 434 00:23:02,548 --> 00:23:04,716 they seemed to have come from 435 00:23:04,717 --> 00:23:08,011 a much larger planet, a reddish, glowing planet. 436 00:23:08,012 --> 00:23:10,722 One of the great questions 437 00:23:10,723 --> 00:23:13,850 about the Anunnaki is: where did they come from? 438 00:23:13,851 --> 00:23:16,603 Well, Zecharia went back into the ancient texts 439 00:23:16,604 --> 00:23:18,605 and began to build a theory 440 00:23:18,606 --> 00:23:21,566 that the Anunnaki came from an as‐yet undiscovered 441 00:23:21,567 --> 00:23:25,529 12th planet in our solar system that he called Nibiru. 442 00:23:26,739 --> 00:23:29,741 Nibiru is described 443 00:23:29,742 --> 00:23:32,410 as a much larger planet than Earth. 444 00:23:32,411 --> 00:23:34,787 And it has a very elliptical orbit. 445 00:23:34,788 --> 00:23:37,498 More like a large egg‐shaped orbit. 446 00:23:37,499 --> 00:23:40,543 The kicker here is that it goes once around the Sun 447 00:23:40,544 --> 00:23:42,128 every 3,600 years. 448 00:23:42,129 --> 00:23:47,425 So a solar year for them is 3,600 of our years. 449 00:23:47,426 --> 00:23:49,761 Sitchin believed that there was 450 00:23:49,762 --> 00:23:53,765 a time during this 3,600‐year orbit 451 00:23:53,766 --> 00:23:58,269 when this planet was actually relatively close to the Earth. 452 00:23:58,270 --> 00:24:01,397 And Sitchin then theorized the Anunnaki 453 00:24:01,398 --> 00:24:03,608 would then fire their rockets 454 00:24:03,609 --> 00:24:06,736 and then they would come here to Earth. 455 00:24:06,737 --> 00:24:12,283 And that this was how they were interacting with humans. 456 00:24:12,284 --> 00:24:14,285 For decades, 457 00:24:14,286 --> 00:24:16,412 astronomers claimed that no such planet 458 00:24:16,413 --> 00:24:19,207 could exist in our solar system. 459 00:24:19,208 --> 00:24:22,418 But in 2016, Caltech astronomers 460 00:24:22,419 --> 00:24:24,879 Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown 461 00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:29,968 made a discovery that could prove this theory wrong. 462 00:24:29,969 --> 00:24:31,970 Batygin and Brown were using an interesting method 463 00:24:31,971 --> 00:24:34,973 of looking for other planets in the solar system. 464 00:24:34,974 --> 00:24:36,808 Namely, they were looking at dwarf planets 465 00:24:36,809 --> 00:24:39,979 and distant Kuiper belt objects to see how they move. 466 00:24:41,313 --> 00:24:43,606 If they exhibit any strange behavior, 467 00:24:43,607 --> 00:24:46,567 astronomers can use that to theorize new planets. 468 00:24:46,568 --> 00:24:48,528 And what they found was 469 00:24:48,529 --> 00:24:50,571 a theoretical planet‐sized mass, orbiting in 470 00:24:50,572 --> 00:24:53,032 a hugely elliptical orbit around the Sun. 471 00:24:53,033 --> 00:24:55,827 Astronomers have often 472 00:24:55,828 --> 00:24:57,829 suspected, because of certain 473 00:24:57,830 --> 00:25:00,164 gravitational anomalies and things, 474 00:25:00,165 --> 00:25:01,958 that there is still some other planet 475 00:25:01,959 --> 00:25:04,711 far out in our solar system, 476 00:25:04,712 --> 00:25:06,629 uh, beyond Pluto. 477 00:25:06,630 --> 00:25:10,633 Astronomers called this other planet Planet X. 478 00:25:10,634 --> 00:25:13,511 And it could be a very large planet. 479 00:25:13,512 --> 00:25:15,346 Astronomers cannot see it, 480 00:25:15,347 --> 00:25:17,056 but I would suspect that astronomers 481 00:25:17,057 --> 00:25:19,017 will eventually discover it 482 00:25:19,018 --> 00:25:21,061 and‐and prove that it exists. 483 00:25:22,521 --> 00:25:24,522 Batygin and Brown estimate 484 00:25:24,523 --> 00:25:27,650 that Planet X has a highly elliptical orbit 485 00:25:27,651 --> 00:25:29,527 and takes it thousands of years 486 00:25:29,528 --> 00:25:32,530 to make a single trip around our sun. 487 00:25:32,531 --> 00:25:35,533 This matches exactly what Zecharia Sitchin found 488 00:25:35,534 --> 00:25:38,494 in his translation of the ancient Sumerian tablets, 489 00:25:38,495 --> 00:25:42,540 concerning an extra planet in our solar system. 490 00:25:42,541 --> 00:25:44,042 The thing about it is, is that 491 00:25:44,043 --> 00:25:46,085 if we discover Planet X, 492 00:25:46,086 --> 00:25:48,713 then we will also discover the Anunnaki. 493 00:25:48,714 --> 00:25:51,174 So they're absolutely entwined. 494 00:25:51,175 --> 00:25:54,802 The idea of the Anunnaki and the discovery of Planet X 495 00:25:54,803 --> 00:25:56,345 will prove one another. 496 00:25:56,346 --> 00:25:58,222 Could extraterrestrials have 497 00:25:58,223 --> 00:26:02,226 come to Earth from a planet within our own solar system? 498 00:26:02,227 --> 00:26:06,689 And if Earth has, in fact, played host to alien visitors 499 00:26:06,690 --> 00:26:09,692 from multiple worlds, what brought them here? 500 00:26:09,693 --> 00:26:12,361 According to the ancient Sumerian tablets, 501 00:26:12,362 --> 00:26:16,240 the Anunnaki valued one thing above all else... 502 00:26:16,241 --> 00:26:18,869 gold. 503 00:26:27,961 --> 00:26:32,131 The Trans Astronautic Corporation announces 504 00:26:32,132 --> 00:26:36,010 a partnership with NASA to develop a new venture in space‐‐ 505 00:26:36,011 --> 00:26:39,263 asteroid mining. 506 00:26:39,264 --> 00:26:43,935 We incorporated TransAstra in 2015 when we saw that 507 00:26:43,936 --> 00:26:46,604 SpaceX and Elon Musk 508 00:26:46,605 --> 00:26:49,649 and Blue Origin and Jeff Bezos 509 00:26:49,650 --> 00:26:52,318 and other entrepreneurs were developing low‐cost, 510 00:26:52,319 --> 00:26:55,780 really effective ways to get in orbit. 511 00:26:55,781 --> 00:26:58,825 Once we have rockets that can get into orbit inexpensively, 512 00:26:58,826 --> 00:27:01,202 then it makes sense to start 513 00:27:01,203 --> 00:27:03,412 building real industries in space. 514 00:27:03,413 --> 00:27:05,998 And one of the first industries is asteroid mining. 515 00:27:05,999 --> 00:27:10,962 Precious metals that we really value on the Earth‐‐ 516 00:27:10,963 --> 00:27:14,632 things like gold and platinum‐‐ they're called precious metals 517 00:27:14,633 --> 00:27:16,092 'cause they're not around much. 518 00:27:16,093 --> 00:27:17,802 Question is: where are they? 519 00:27:17,803 --> 00:27:19,887 And the answer is asteroids. 520 00:27:19,888 --> 00:27:22,473 Metals like gold, copper, 521 00:27:22,474 --> 00:27:25,643 and zinc have been mined on Earth for thousands of years 522 00:27:25,644 --> 00:27:28,521 and are vital to civilization. 523 00:27:28,522 --> 00:27:31,232 But their supply is finite, 524 00:27:31,233 --> 00:27:34,570 in part because they are not native to this planet. 525 00:27:36,405 --> 00:27:39,991 When the Earth was originally being formed, it was molten, 526 00:27:39,992 --> 00:27:43,661 and a lot of the precious metals 527 00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:45,872 were drawn towards the center of the Earth. 528 00:27:45,873 --> 00:27:49,083 And through this molten process, 529 00:27:49,084 --> 00:27:51,836 all the heavy elements went down to the core of the Earth 530 00:27:51,837 --> 00:27:53,921 where we can't get access to them. 531 00:27:53,922 --> 00:27:56,173 Then the Earth started to cool and form a cool crust, 532 00:27:56,174 --> 00:27:59,176 which was made of lighter materials. 533 00:27:59,177 --> 00:28:01,470 It is widely accepted that 534 00:28:01,471 --> 00:28:03,723 without access to metals, both technology 535 00:28:03,724 --> 00:28:06,434 and civilization would not have been possible. 536 00:28:06,435 --> 00:28:08,519 But luckily for mankind, 537 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:11,772 some 3.8 billion years ago, 538 00:28:11,773 --> 00:28:15,943 it is estimated that trillions of asteroids crashed 539 00:28:15,944 --> 00:28:18,529 into the Earth and deposited a layer of heavy metals 540 00:28:18,530 --> 00:28:22,700 into the planet's now‐hardened crust. 541 00:28:22,701 --> 00:28:26,329 These elements weren't actually from Earth originally. 542 00:28:26,330 --> 00:28:30,041 All of these elements came to Earth via comets and asteroids 543 00:28:30,042 --> 00:28:33,879 that impacted our planet long ago and early in its history. 544 00:28:36,006 --> 00:28:37,590 So all the precious metals 545 00:28:37,591 --> 00:28:39,383 that we mine on the Earth 546 00:28:39,384 --> 00:28:41,135 actually came from the asteroids. 547 00:28:41,136 --> 00:28:44,180 The bombardment of asteroids 548 00:28:44,181 --> 00:28:47,600 seeded Earth's crust with enough metals to make possible 549 00:28:47,601 --> 00:28:51,812 the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, 550 00:28:51,813 --> 00:28:55,566 and today's technological civilization. 551 00:28:55,567 --> 00:28:59,570 But many metals, including rare earth elements needed 552 00:28:59,571 --> 00:29:03,741 for high technology, are in increasingly short supply. 553 00:29:03,742 --> 00:29:07,203 Because of this, many experts believe the asteroid belt 554 00:29:07,204 --> 00:29:10,206 may once again come to the rescue. 555 00:29:10,207 --> 00:29:12,875 You get a typical asteroid, 556 00:29:12,876 --> 00:29:14,418 a few hundred meters in diameter, 557 00:29:14,419 --> 00:29:17,254 it will have more of those rare earth elements 558 00:29:17,255 --> 00:29:20,508 than have been mined on Earth in all of human history. 559 00:29:20,509 --> 00:29:23,844 Of the more than 6,000 asteroids 560 00:29:23,845 --> 00:29:27,848 in NASA's database, it is estimated that even just 561 00:29:27,849 --> 00:29:30,184 the ten easiest to reach and mine 562 00:29:30,185 --> 00:29:34,772 would yield an astonishing $1.5 trillion dollars in resources. 563 00:29:34,773 --> 00:29:36,607 The asteroid belt could 564 00:29:36,608 --> 00:29:39,944 provide for the needs of our civilization for many centuries. 565 00:29:39,945 --> 00:29:42,029 Maybe thousands of years into their future. 566 00:29:42,030 --> 00:29:44,699 The natural thing to do 567 00:29:44,700 --> 00:29:46,951 is to build spacecraft, 568 00:29:46,952 --> 00:29:51,497 go out to the asteroids, 569 00:29:51,498 --> 00:29:54,291 mine them, 570 00:29:54,292 --> 00:29:56,043 make goods out of the asteroids. 571 00:29:56,044 --> 00:29:59,380 And we presume that other intelligences, 572 00:29:59,381 --> 00:30:00,840 if there are other intelligence, 573 00:30:00,841 --> 00:30:02,800 would think the same way we would. 574 00:30:02,801 --> 00:30:04,802 And so anything that seems to make sense to us 575 00:30:04,803 --> 00:30:06,345 could make sense to others. 576 00:30:06,346 --> 00:30:09,265 If other intelligent life‐forms 577 00:30:09,266 --> 00:30:13,144 exist on nearby exoplanets, might they too 578 00:30:13,145 --> 00:30:15,646 be aware of the vast resources that exist 579 00:30:15,647 --> 00:30:20,526 in the asteroid belt and also on planet Earth? 580 00:30:20,527 --> 00:30:23,112 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes 581 00:30:23,113 --> 00:30:27,491 and suggest that Earth is rich in another commodity 582 00:30:27,492 --> 00:30:30,911 that would be of great value to any advanced civilization 583 00:30:30,912 --> 00:30:33,998 looking to mine for precious metals... 584 00:30:33,999 --> 00:30:36,418 liquid water. 585 00:30:38,295 --> 00:30:41,338 If aliens wanted to mine the asteroid belt, 586 00:30:41,339 --> 00:30:46,218 they'd need a base, somewhere to regroup and refuel. 587 00:30:46,219 --> 00:30:48,554 As it happens, there's one pretty close, 588 00:30:48,555 --> 00:30:50,264 and it's called planet Earth. 589 00:30:50,265 --> 00:30:53,851 Why aliens come here 590 00:30:53,852 --> 00:30:56,854 might well be because we're mostly 591 00:30:56,855 --> 00:30:58,814 water on planet Earth. 592 00:30:58,815 --> 00:31:01,567 They stop here because they could 593 00:31:01,568 --> 00:31:04,612 break down water into hydrogen 594 00:31:04,613 --> 00:31:08,199 and oxygen as fuel. 595 00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:12,286 So, if you have a craft 596 00:31:12,287 --> 00:31:14,413 that somehow uses hydrogen power, 597 00:31:14,414 --> 00:31:17,583 you have all the hydrogen you'll ever need. 598 00:31:17,584 --> 00:31:20,377 It well could be that this is 599 00:31:20,378 --> 00:31:23,839 a way station for extraterrestrials. 600 00:31:23,840 --> 00:31:26,842 Is it possible 601 00:31:26,843 --> 00:31:29,512 that extraterrestrial civilizations have come to Earth 602 00:31:29,513 --> 00:31:33,432 not only as refugees from planets orbiting dying stars 603 00:31:33,433 --> 00:31:35,810 but also to mine precious metals 604 00:31:35,811 --> 00:31:38,938 or abundant natural resources like water? 605 00:31:38,939 --> 00:31:42,566 And if so, would that indicate 606 00:31:42,567 --> 00:31:45,319 that these Earth visitors might be physically 607 00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:47,405 very similar to ourselves? 608 00:31:53,954 --> 00:31:55,871 La Silla Observatory. 609 00:31:55,872 --> 00:31:59,126 Chile. 2009. 610 00:32:00,085 --> 00:32:02,253 Astronomers identify 611 00:32:02,254 --> 00:32:08,217 a potentially habitable planet orbiting the star Gliese 667 C. 612 00:32:08,218 --> 00:32:10,094 It's a large Earth‐like planet 613 00:32:10,095 --> 00:32:13,430 located firmly in the Goldilocks zone. 614 00:32:13,431 --> 00:32:16,267 While evidence of life has yet to be discovered, 615 00:32:16,268 --> 00:32:18,435 scientists are able to speculate 616 00:32:18,436 --> 00:32:21,939 as to how life on this planet would evolve. 617 00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:25,276 When we imagine life on other planets, 618 00:32:25,277 --> 00:32:26,735 we have to imagine that 619 00:32:26,736 --> 00:32:29,405 the environment on those planets 620 00:32:29,406 --> 00:32:33,576 will determine what the creature may look like. 621 00:32:33,577 --> 00:32:37,163 In considering planets larger than Earth, 622 00:32:37,164 --> 00:32:39,290 the increased gravity will likely result 623 00:32:39,291 --> 00:32:41,500 in shorter complex life‐forms. 624 00:32:41,501 --> 00:32:44,753 This results in a more stable, um, life‐form 625 00:32:44,754 --> 00:32:46,130 and protects against falls. 626 00:32:46,131 --> 00:32:50,134 So life‐forms on larger planets would likely be smaller 627 00:32:50,135 --> 00:32:51,760 than those on smaller planets. 628 00:32:51,761 --> 00:32:56,098 Like Earth, a major evolutionary force on the planet 629 00:32:56,099 --> 00:32:59,185 is the strength of its sun. 630 00:32:59,186 --> 00:33:03,772 Gliese 667 C is a red dwarf star, an M star, 631 00:33:03,773 --> 00:33:06,942 that's about 1.4% as bright as our sun. 632 00:33:06,943 --> 00:33:10,321 Because M‐dwarf stars are much smaller than our sun, 633 00:33:10,322 --> 00:33:13,157 they're much cooler and they give off a lot less light. 634 00:33:13,158 --> 00:33:16,994 Because the star gives out such low light compared to our sun, 635 00:33:16,995 --> 00:33:20,664 any life on those planets would look much different. 636 00:33:20,665 --> 00:33:22,625 Let's assume, for the sake of argument, 637 00:33:22,626 --> 00:33:26,086 that there is life on Gliese 667 C, 638 00:33:26,087 --> 00:33:30,591 such life would be living in kind of eternal darkness. 639 00:33:30,592 --> 00:33:32,509 In order for life‐forms 640 00:33:32,510 --> 00:33:34,178 on a planet like that to see, 641 00:33:34,179 --> 00:33:36,680 they'd be like owls on planet Earth. 642 00:33:36,681 --> 00:33:39,391 They would have very, very large eyes 643 00:33:39,392 --> 00:33:41,685 to capture as much light as possible. 644 00:33:41,686 --> 00:33:45,189 They are going to develop eyes 645 00:33:45,190 --> 00:33:48,359 that are perhaps more like a insect's eyes, 646 00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:51,195 where you're seeing different light spectrums 647 00:33:51,196 --> 00:33:53,530 and heat signatures. 648 00:33:53,531 --> 00:33:57,826 Something completely different than the way we see. 649 00:33:57,827 --> 00:34:00,162 For ancient astronaut theorists, 650 00:34:00,163 --> 00:34:02,873 these descriptions share a curious similarity 651 00:34:02,874 --> 00:34:06,711 to accounts reported by alleged alien abductees. 652 00:34:07,754 --> 00:34:09,546 Alien abductees 653 00:34:09,547 --> 00:34:13,050 give very consistent accounts of some of the types 654 00:34:13,051 --> 00:34:16,053 of aliens they see. 655 00:34:16,054 --> 00:34:18,055 The most consistent account is: 656 00:34:18,056 --> 00:34:21,350 four feet, short, gray, 657 00:34:21,351 --> 00:34:24,144 big‐headed, big‐eyed aliens. 658 00:34:24,145 --> 00:34:27,773 And this would fit what we might expect with gravity 659 00:34:27,774 --> 00:34:31,026 so intense that you couldn't grow to six feet. 660 00:34:31,027 --> 00:34:36,240 Short, gray aliens with large, black eyes? 661 00:34:36,241 --> 00:34:39,243 Is it possible that the habitable planet 662 00:34:39,244 --> 00:34:42,746 orbiting Gliese 667 C is the home world 663 00:34:42,747 --> 00:34:44,999 of the beings known in the UFO community 664 00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:47,418 as the Greys? 665 00:34:47,419 --> 00:34:51,422 As far as ancient astronaut theorists are concerned, 666 00:34:51,423 --> 00:34:54,633 the planet orbiting Gliese 667 C 667 00:34:54,634 --> 00:34:57,595 is just one of a number of recently discovered worlds 668 00:34:57,596 --> 00:35:01,015 that could represent places of origin for extraterrestrials 669 00:35:01,016 --> 00:35:05,645 encountered both in modern times and in the distant past. 670 00:35:08,315 --> 00:35:10,941 Mountain View, California. 671 00:35:10,942 --> 00:35:14,154 April 2013. 672 00:35:15,238 --> 00:35:18,407 NASA scientists at the Ames Research Center 673 00:35:18,408 --> 00:35:20,743 announce that the Kepler space telescope 674 00:35:20,744 --> 00:35:22,911 has discovered two new exoplanets 675 00:35:22,912 --> 00:35:25,039 that seem highly promising for life. 676 00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:29,126 Named Kepler‐62e and 62f, 677 00:35:29,127 --> 00:35:31,128 they are so‐called water worlds, 678 00:35:31,129 --> 00:35:35,758 planets covered by an all‐encompassing global ocean. 679 00:35:35,759 --> 00:35:39,637 The planets 62e and f are very exciting because they are 680 00:35:39,638 --> 00:35:42,348 ocean‐covered planets and in the habitable zone. 681 00:35:42,349 --> 00:35:44,642 So if you're an ocean‐covered planet, 682 00:35:44,643 --> 00:35:46,060 it increases the chance 683 00:35:46,061 --> 00:35:48,604 that there's actually life on that planet. 684 00:35:48,605 --> 00:35:50,773 If there is a water world 685 00:35:50,774 --> 00:35:53,734 with an atmosphere, with water, 686 00:35:53,735 --> 00:35:59,114 the creatures that may inhabit there are waterborne creatures. 687 00:35:59,115 --> 00:36:01,784 They wouldn't necessarily look like human beings 688 00:36:01,785 --> 00:36:03,827 standing up on two legs and two arms. 689 00:36:03,828 --> 00:36:06,163 They might look more like mermaids. 690 00:36:06,164 --> 00:36:09,541 Ancient astronaut theorists point out 691 00:36:09,542 --> 00:36:12,836 that many early civilizations reported sky visitors 692 00:36:12,837 --> 00:36:15,798 with amphibious, fish‐like characteristics. 693 00:36:15,799 --> 00:36:19,885 Considered to be gods, they were seen in China, 694 00:36:19,886 --> 00:36:23,138 sub‐Saharan Africa, Central America, 695 00:36:23,139 --> 00:36:25,307 and Egypt, just to name a few. 696 00:36:25,308 --> 00:36:28,268 These amphibian beings 697 00:36:28,269 --> 00:36:30,688 were said to interact with humans by day 698 00:36:30,689 --> 00:36:34,525 and retreat to rivers or lakes at night. 699 00:36:34,526 --> 00:36:37,861 Could such entities have come from so‐called water worlds 700 00:36:37,862 --> 00:36:41,323 like Kepler 62‐e and f? 701 00:36:41,324 --> 00:36:43,158 Creatures like that, 702 00:36:43,159 --> 00:36:46,995 if they existed, would evolve on water worlds, 703 00:36:46,996 --> 00:36:49,123 planets with a global ocean, 704 00:36:49,124 --> 00:36:52,876 and it just so happens that in the ongoing search 705 00:36:52,877 --> 00:36:57,214 for exoplanets, many such worlds are being discovered. 706 00:36:57,215 --> 00:37:02,177 These half‐human, half‐fish‐type gods 707 00:37:02,178 --> 00:37:05,389 that are like us but are still aquatic 708 00:37:05,390 --> 00:37:08,267 are coming from these water planets. 709 00:37:08,268 --> 00:37:11,061 Extraterrestrials may be very attracted to planet Earth 710 00:37:11,062 --> 00:37:14,523 because the oceans are huge and vast. 711 00:37:14,524 --> 00:37:16,150 So aquatic extraterrestrials 712 00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:20,822 could find a‐a‐a very happy home here on planet Earth. 713 00:37:22,574 --> 00:37:25,909 So, when we encounter alien life‐forms out in space, 714 00:37:25,910 --> 00:37:28,162 are they gonna look like us? No. 715 00:37:28,163 --> 00:37:30,539 They could look completely different from us 716 00:37:30,540 --> 00:37:33,542 and have a different pathway to intelligence. 717 00:37:33,543 --> 00:37:37,087 In their search for habitable exoplanets, 718 00:37:37,088 --> 00:37:39,923 could mainstream scientists be discovering the home worlds 719 00:37:39,924 --> 00:37:43,135 of extraterrestrial visitors to Earth? 720 00:37:43,136 --> 00:37:48,098 For ancient astronaut theorists, the answer is a resounding yes, 721 00:37:48,099 --> 00:37:51,101 and they suggest that the search for life 722 00:37:51,102 --> 00:37:54,438 is about to be revolutionized once again 723 00:37:54,439 --> 00:37:58,609 as NASA prepares to launch an extraordinary new technology 724 00:37:58,610 --> 00:38:01,196 into space. 725 00:38:10,789 --> 00:38:15,626 Astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz 726 00:38:15,627 --> 00:38:18,796 are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering 727 00:38:18,797 --> 00:38:22,132 the first exoplanet in 1992. 728 00:38:22,133 --> 00:38:24,343 In the years since, 729 00:38:24,344 --> 00:38:27,679 more than 4,000 have been examined and categorized, 730 00:38:27,680 --> 00:38:30,266 and more are being found every day. 731 00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:35,145 Let's do a science experiment tonight. 732 00:38:35,146 --> 00:38:37,231 Go outside, look up, 733 00:38:37,232 --> 00:38:39,983 and see all the thousands of stars you see. 734 00:38:39,984 --> 00:38:42,528 Every single one, on average, 735 00:38:42,529 --> 00:38:44,822 has a planet going around them, 736 00:38:44,823 --> 00:38:47,115 and about one in 20 737 00:38:47,116 --> 00:38:49,326 has an Earth‐like planet. 738 00:38:49,327 --> 00:38:52,579 And so, when you look at the stars tonight, 739 00:38:52,580 --> 00:38:55,999 realize that somebody could be looking back at you 740 00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:57,919 from outer space. 741 00:39:00,171 --> 00:39:02,506 In 2021, 742 00:39:02,507 --> 00:39:05,634 NASA will launch the James Webb Space Telescope, 743 00:39:05,635 --> 00:39:07,636 a satellite that can do something 744 00:39:07,637 --> 00:39:11,723 once thought impossible: take detailed, color images 745 00:39:11,724 --> 00:39:14,685 of an exoplanet. 746 00:39:14,686 --> 00:39:18,730 The James Webb Space Telescope is, um, a‐a different type 747 00:39:18,731 --> 00:39:21,191 of telescope than we've had in space before. 748 00:39:21,192 --> 00:39:25,696 It will give us the ability to look at the reflected light 749 00:39:25,697 --> 00:39:28,532 from exoplanets and the infrared part of the spectrum 750 00:39:28,533 --> 00:39:32,870 and to search for the potential for biology being present. 751 00:39:32,871 --> 00:39:37,416 But when we look upon the images of other worlds, 752 00:39:37,417 --> 00:39:40,711 and possibly even the beings that inhabit them, 753 00:39:40,712 --> 00:39:42,546 what will we find? 754 00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:47,217 I think that what's really lying in store for humanity now 755 00:39:47,218 --> 00:39:51,555 is that we will prove that there are these exoplanets out there, 756 00:39:51,556 --> 00:39:53,265 that they have life 757 00:39:53,266 --> 00:39:56,059 and quite possibly intelligent life 758 00:39:56,060 --> 00:39:58,770 capable of coming to our solar system. 759 00:39:58,771 --> 00:40:03,901 This will cause a sea change all over the world, 760 00:40:03,902 --> 00:40:06,236 within scientific communities 761 00:40:06,237 --> 00:40:08,948 and within the religious communities, too. 762 00:40:11,242 --> 00:40:13,285 If astronomers discover exoplanets 763 00:40:13,286 --> 00:40:15,579 with intelligent alien life‐forms, 764 00:40:15,580 --> 00:40:17,581 will they appear eerily familiar? 765 00:40:17,582 --> 00:40:21,126 Could they find amphibious humanoid beings, 766 00:40:21,127 --> 00:40:23,879 like the gods depicted in ancient times? 767 00:40:23,880 --> 00:40:28,425 Small, gray aliens like those reported by alleged abductees? 768 00:40:28,426 --> 00:40:32,930 And is it possible that some visitors, 769 00:40:32,931 --> 00:40:35,766 perhaps coming from worlds very similar to Earth, 770 00:40:35,767 --> 00:40:39,353 might look remarkably like us? 771 00:40:39,354 --> 00:40:42,606 Within established ancient astronaut theory, 772 00:40:42,607 --> 00:40:45,651 it's generally thought that these 773 00:40:45,652 --> 00:40:49,613 extraterrestrial beings coming from outside of our solar system 774 00:40:49,614 --> 00:40:51,823 were interacting with our society 775 00:40:51,824 --> 00:40:54,826 and they were manipulating our DNA and, in a sense, 776 00:40:54,827 --> 00:40:57,704 creating people on this planet, us, 777 00:40:57,705 --> 00:40:59,998 who look like them and are similar to them. 778 00:40:59,999 --> 00:41:03,877 As we discover more and more exoplanets, 779 00:41:03,878 --> 00:41:06,922 the implications for humanity are enormous. 780 00:41:06,923 --> 00:41:09,841 I think it's very possible that we're on the verge 781 00:41:09,842 --> 00:41:12,719 of discovering our home planet, 782 00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:15,681 the place of our origins. 783 00:41:15,682 --> 00:41:18,892 The big revelation will not be, "Do they look like us?" 784 00:41:18,893 --> 00:41:23,188 But we look like them 'cause we are their offspring. 785 00:41:23,189 --> 00:41:28,151 As scientists continue their search for habitable worlds, 786 00:41:28,152 --> 00:41:32,489 are we on the verge of discovering not only alien life 787 00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:35,242 but the very extraterrestrials that came to Earth 788 00:41:35,243 --> 00:41:36,994 centuries ago? 789 00:41:36,995 --> 00:41:39,871 And will we find that the strange gods 790 00:41:39,872 --> 00:41:43,333 depicted by our ancestors as mythological creations 791 00:41:43,334 --> 00:41:45,836 were very real flesh and blood entities 792 00:41:45,837 --> 00:41:48,505 not so different from ourselves? 793 00:41:48,506 --> 00:41:51,758 Perhaps one day soon we will look 794 00:41:51,759 --> 00:41:54,344 at the satellite image of a distant exoplanet 795 00:41:54,345 --> 00:41:57,431 and see not only mankind's future home 796 00:41:57,432 --> 00:42:01,059 but one that could have once been inhabited 797 00:42:01,060 --> 00:42:04,855 by our ancient alien ancestors. 63783

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