All language subtitles for Attenboroughs.Natural.Curiosities.5of5.Seeing.the.Pattern.720p.HDTV.x264.AAC.MVGroup.org-en

af Afrikaans
ak Akan
sq Albanian
am Amharic
ar Arabic
hy Armenian
az Azerbaijani
eu Basque
be Belarusian
bem Bemba
bn Bengali
bh Bihari
bs Bosnian
br Breton
bg Bulgarian
km Cambodian
ca Catalan
ceb Cebuano
chr Cherokee
ny Chichewa
zh-CN Chinese (Simplified)
zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)
co Corsican
hr Croatian
cs Czech
da Danish
nl Dutch
en English
eo Esperanto
et Estonian
ee Ewe
fo Faroese
tl Filipino
fi Finnish
fr French
fy Frisian
gaa Ga
gl Galician
ka Georgian
de German
gn Guarani
gu Gujarati
ht Haitian Creole
ha Hausa
haw Hawaiian
iw Hebrew
hi Hindi
hmn Hmong
hu Hungarian
is Icelandic
ig Igbo
id Indonesian
ia Interlingua
ga Irish
it Italian
ja Japanese
jw Javanese
kn Kannada
kk Kazakh
rw Kinyarwanda
rn Kirundi
kg Kongo
ko Korean
kri Krio (Sierra Leone)
ku Kurdish
ckb Kurdish (Soranî)
ky Kyrgyz
lo Laothian
la Latin
lv Latvian
ln Lingala
lt Lithuanian
loz Lozi
lg Luganda
ach Luo
lb Luxembourgish
mk Macedonian
mg Malagasy
ms Malay
ml Malayalam
mt Maltese
mi Maori
mr Marathi
mfe Mauritian Creole
mo Moldavian
mn Mongolian
my Myanmar (Burmese)
sr-ME Montenegrin
ne Nepali
pcm Nigerian Pidgin
nso Northern Sotho
no Norwegian
nn Norwegian (Nynorsk)
oc Occitan
or Oriya
om Oromo
ps Pashto
fa Persian
pl Polish
pt-BR Portuguese (Brazil)
pt Portuguese (Portugal)
pa Punjabi
qu Quechua
ro Romanian
rm Romansh
nyn Runyakitara
ru Russian
sm Samoan
gd Scots Gaelic
sr Serbian
sh Serbo-Croatian
st Sesotho
tn Setswana
crs Seychellois Creole
sn Shona
sd Sindhi
si Sinhalese
sk Slovak
sl Slovenian
so Somali
es Spanish
es-419 Spanish (Latin American)
su Sundanese
sw Swahili
sv Swedish
tg Tajik
ta Tamil
tt Tatar
te Telugu
th Thai
ti Tigrinya
to Tonga
lua Tshiluba
tum Tumbuka
tr Turkish
tk Turkmen
tw Twi
ug Uighur
uk Ukrainian
ur Urdu
uz Uzbek
vi Vietnamese
cy Welsh
wo Wolof
xh Xhosa
yi Yiddish
yo Yoruba
zu Zulu
Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,422 --> 00:00:06,344 Why some animals notifies tighten presence 2 00:00:06,619 --> 00:00:09,717 with stunning color patterns or courageous? 3 00:00:12,513 --> 00:00:14,685 I was very lucky 4 00:00:14,924 --> 00:00:18,140 To see some of the most charming animals on the planet, 5 00:00:19,092 --> 00:00:21,875 but some of them I find very interesting. 6 00:00:24,188 --> 00:00:26,891 Some of them we know for centuries. 7 00:00:27,877 --> 00:00:30,049 Others were recently discovered. 8 00:00:31,813 --> 00:00:33,961 In this series, I present 9 00:00:34,351 --> 00:00:38,487 And reveal why they are considered curiosities of nature. 10 00:00:40,088 --> 00:00:44,057 David Attenborough curiosities OF NATURE 11 00:00:48,004 --> 00:00:51,069 Nature is full of colors and patterns. 12 00:00:52,583 --> 00:00:55,241 For many of us, many animals are just something beautiful, 13 00:00:56,663 --> 00:00:59,836 so beautiful that they become collectors pieces. 14 00:01:02,288 --> 00:01:04,743 What role but the colors and patterns 15 00:01:05,062 --> 00:01:07,745 in animal life that exposes them? 16 00:01:07,746 --> 00:01:11,313 See MODEL 17 00:01:13,837 --> 00:01:18,195 Zebra stripes is unique in the world of mammals. 18 00:01:18,431 --> 00:01:21,921 When they became known outside of Africa in the 18th century, 19 00:01:22,277 --> 00:01:27,276 menageries were sought for the royal nobility and courts. 20 00:01:27,807 --> 00:01:32,542 The audience was fascinated, but scientists were nedumeriþi. 21 00:01:32,985 --> 00:01:37,698 What role do they have these special stripes? 22 00:01:38,715 --> 00:01:41,545 Replies considered centuries 23 00:01:41,950 --> 00:01:43,783 They are amazing. 24 00:01:45,162 --> 00:01:48,489 At first, everything was knew about zebras 25 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:51,239 that live in herds on the vast plains of Africa. 26 00:01:52,865 --> 00:01:56,085 As the zebras were more familiar in Europe 27 00:01:56,434 --> 00:01:58,226 We began to teach more. 28 00:01:59,013 --> 00:02:00,492 The Zebra, 29 00:02:00,960 --> 00:02:04,695 He became famous in England in the Georgian era, 30 00:02:04,977 --> 00:02:06,812 so familiar that was painted 31 00:02:07,117 --> 00:02:09,540 the famous horse painter George Stubbs. 32 00:02:10,086 --> 00:02:11,713 Here's a copy of the painting. 33 00:02:12,255 --> 00:02:14,813 Zebra was offered the Queen Charlotte wedding gift, 34 00:02:15,213 --> 00:02:17,338 from her husband, King George III, 35 00:02:17,854 --> 00:02:20,543 And lived in Buckingham House, 36 00:02:20,997 --> 00:02:22,917 as it was known then Buckingham Palace. 37 00:02:25,463 --> 00:02:29,155 Queen Charlotte was a passionate collector of exotic animals 38 00:02:29,636 --> 00:02:33,120 And soon became the most famous zebra animal in her file collection, 39 00:02:33,642 --> 00:02:35,392 which attracts hundreds of visitors. 40 00:02:36,802 --> 00:02:40,427 London era was quite familiar with exotic creatures - 41 00:02:40,944 --> 00:02:45,052 many curiosities arriving from all corners of the expanding British Empire. 42 00:02:45,959 --> 00:02:50,147 But this strange striped horse was the most interesting. 43 00:02:51,085 --> 00:02:54,022 The first owners have attempted to îmblâzeascã zebras, 44 00:02:54,354 --> 00:02:57,274 And explained stripes in a certain way. 45 00:02:58,462 --> 00:03:00,571 Not only Queen Charlotte 46 00:03:01,087 --> 00:03:03,588 It was obsessed with zebras. 47 00:03:04,119 --> 00:03:07,775 So was a gentleman, Lord Clive of India - 48 00:03:08,135 --> 00:03:11,339 an English officer who represent the interests of English there 49 00:03:11,650 --> 00:03:12,872 in the 18th century. 50 00:03:13,525 --> 00:03:17,121 He had two zebras, a male and a female, 51 00:03:17,637 --> 00:03:21,183 And he wanted to get a zebra that can be tamed 52 00:03:21,558 --> 00:03:25,387 so he tried to mate with a male donkey. 53 00:03:26,029 --> 00:03:30,014 To make attractive female donkey, it's hard to believe it or not, 54 00:03:30,326 --> 00:03:32,404 the stripes painted on it - 55 00:03:32,952 --> 00:03:35,475 and the experiment failed. 56 00:03:35,858 --> 00:03:39,102 After pregnancy, gave birth to a foal zebra. 57 00:03:40,444 --> 00:03:42,330 As you can see, 58 00:03:42,736 --> 00:03:45,693 Survivor this union is partially striped. 59 00:03:46,284 --> 00:03:48,127 Sometimes they are and fertile. 60 00:03:49,409 --> 00:03:51,627 The success of Lord Clive 61 00:03:52,003 --> 00:03:54,661 He suggested that the streaks are important 62 00:03:54,942 --> 00:03:57,275 for partners to like each other. 63 00:03:59,097 --> 00:04:01,621 Charles Darwin on this matter issued an opinion. 64 00:04:02,536 --> 00:04:06,662 He noticed that every zebra has a unique pattern of stripes. 65 00:04:07,756 --> 00:04:11,413 He suggested that the stripes are way 66 00:04:11,708 --> 00:04:13,663 whereby individuals are recognized during courtship. 67 00:04:16,309 --> 00:04:18,977 Sometimes, however, it appears as a zebra 68 00:04:19,382 --> 00:04:22,436 a model so strange that it requires eplicaþie. 69 00:04:23,900 --> 00:04:29,228 In 1968, he appeared very strange picture of a zebra. 70 00:04:29,714 --> 00:04:33,450 The animal dgrabã have more spots than stripes, 71 00:04:33,855 --> 00:04:38,343 And this gives us a model of functions. 72 00:04:38,966 --> 00:04:41,393 If it has to do with social units 73 00:04:41,730 --> 00:04:44,402 you expected it strange creatures 74 00:04:44,653 --> 00:04:46,561 be avoided from the flock, 75 00:04:46,894 --> 00:04:50,552 but it did not happen so - it was treated like any other member. 76 00:04:51,310 --> 00:04:56,831 So that the model has to do with social unity. 77 00:04:58,176 --> 00:05:01,774 Other theories suggest that plays an important role Dugi 78 00:05:02,064 --> 00:05:03,646 in defense against predators. 79 00:05:04,052 --> 00:05:04,906 But how? 80 00:05:05,250 --> 00:05:08,907 It claimed that bodies moving stripes on a herd of zebras 81 00:05:09,157 --> 00:05:13,485 zãpãceºte a lion prevents him appreciate the distance, 82 00:05:13,689 --> 00:05:15,222 And misses. 83 00:05:15,986 --> 00:05:19,567 Others have argued that changes silhouette zebra lines, 84 00:05:19,940 --> 00:05:23,284 And then gives spotted are difficult, especially by vegetation. 85 00:05:24,535 --> 00:05:29,285 Comparative research between zebras and tigers concluded, 86 00:05:29,567 --> 00:05:34,099 While that tiger stripes make him lose in the background, at least to our eyes, 87 00:05:34,464 --> 00:05:38,902 regular spaces between zebra stripes make it more obvious. 88 00:05:40,820 --> 00:05:43,663 Strange zebra stripes Queen Charlotte 89 00:05:44,007 --> 00:05:46,539 Palace attracts many people Bucklngham, 90 00:05:46,904 --> 00:05:50,508 but the animal itself proved nãrãvaº. 91 00:05:51,866 --> 00:05:55,664 It was a temperamental animal, 92 00:05:55,947 --> 00:06:00,744 and guards must alert the audience that can strike with hooves or bitten. 93 00:06:01,073 --> 00:06:02,479 Not surprisingly, 94 00:06:02,854 --> 00:06:05,073 If we account for the strange food penitent 95 00:06:05,416 --> 00:06:08,994 a mixture of raw meat and tobacco - 96 00:06:09,448 --> 00:06:12,200 inappropriate for a herbivore. 97 00:06:12,871 --> 00:06:16,451 He arrived and a way to mock the royal family. 98 00:06:16,840 --> 00:06:20,373 The animal was known as Queen bottom, 99 00:06:20,826 --> 00:06:26,609 and Prince George stripes depict the son of the royal couple. 100 00:06:29,171 --> 00:06:33,079 In the Victorian era continued obsession with taming zebras, 101 00:06:33,453 --> 00:06:36,443 but this time had a practical reason. 102 00:06:37,796 --> 00:06:41,486 Plea could provide another explanation for stripes. 103 00:06:42,829 --> 00:06:43,875 Muºtele. 104 00:06:44,893 --> 00:06:49,081 Deadly flies spread diseases affecting both humans and livestock, 105 00:06:49,642 --> 00:06:53,253 And one of the most dangerous is biting Theth. 106 00:06:53,831 --> 00:06:56,602 Rãspândeºte sleeping sickness 107 00:06:56,925 --> 00:06:59,667 killing people, cattle and horses. 108 00:07:01,448 --> 00:07:06,199 The first colonists Victorians have noticed that while domestic horses 109 00:07:06,426 --> 00:07:10,022 get sick, zebras are not affected. 110 00:07:10,978 --> 00:07:13,116 So they were determined to tame. 111 00:07:14,242 --> 00:07:17,877 While many have tried this, 112 00:07:18,178 --> 00:07:22,545 an eccentric but efforts were spectacular. 113 00:07:23,898 --> 00:07:27,859 These zebras once part of an aristocratic menagerie 114 00:07:28,203 --> 00:07:30,546 obsessed with taming the zebra. 115 00:07:30,869 --> 00:07:34,556 Waiter was a member of the famous Rothschild family of bankers Rothschild 116 00:07:34,860 --> 00:07:37,079 but that was not too good banker. 117 00:07:37,339 --> 00:07:39,635 His passion was for wildlife. 118 00:07:40,276 --> 00:07:42,205 He had a weakness for zebras, 119 00:07:42,557 --> 00:07:45,706 And made great efforts to tame and train them. 120 00:07:55,649 --> 00:07:58,150 He succeeded where others have failed. 121 00:07:58,760 --> 00:08:03,122 This extraordinary picture shows him the way to Buckingham Palace, 122 00:08:03,526 --> 00:08:05,703 a tame zebra-drawn carriage. 123 00:08:06,777 --> 00:08:08,861 It was a long process. 124 00:08:09,183 --> 00:08:12,402 A zebra trained each separately using a carriage. 125 00:08:13,184 --> 00:08:15,309 And they were left slightly, 126 00:08:15,612 --> 00:08:18,489 but eventually all three zebras and a pony, 127 00:08:18,864 --> 00:08:21,904 pulled carriages from London to Buckingham Palace. 128 00:08:22,654 --> 00:08:26,127 It must have been a strange image to pass, 129 00:08:26,468 --> 00:08:29,208 But maybe they have not even noticed zebras. 130 00:08:29,489 --> 00:08:32,333 Walter's brother, Charles, noted that the stripes of a zebra 131 00:08:32,641 --> 00:08:35,969 do almost disappears while traveling through town. 132 00:08:37,282 --> 00:08:41,554 Despite the efforts of Rothschild, zebras was never really 133 00:08:41,938 --> 00:08:45,189 An alternative routes, either in England or Africa. 134 00:08:47,900 --> 00:08:50,684 Observations of the first colonists, 135 00:08:50,979 --> 00:08:54,094 such that zebras are immune to bite muºcãturile Theth, 136 00:08:54,421 --> 00:08:56,105 They were not totally accurate. 137 00:08:56,855 --> 00:08:58,956 Zebras can be bitten by bite 138 00:08:59,247 --> 00:09:02,685 And may have the same disease as the domestic horses. 139 00:09:03,810 --> 00:09:07,686 But though the evidence shows that draw much less bite. 140 00:09:09,343 --> 00:09:13,563 Some savanþi found that stripes are somehow 141 00:09:13,926 --> 00:09:18,563 înþepãtoare more difficult flies landing on the body zebras. 142 00:09:19,375 --> 00:09:23,063 To verify this theory, few Hungarian researchers 143 00:09:23,456 --> 00:09:25,751 used four models of horses. 144 00:09:26,315 --> 00:09:29,586 One was painted black, the other brown, 145 00:09:29,814 --> 00:09:34,899 third and fourth white stripes of a zebra that. 146 00:09:35,722 --> 00:09:39,350 They took turns these models in a field 147 00:09:39,816 --> 00:09:42,318 And they were coated with glue. 148 00:09:43,114 --> 00:09:45,130 Then, after some time, 149 00:09:45,401 --> 00:09:49,568 They came and counted the flies that landed on four horses. 150 00:09:50,193 --> 00:09:55,086 It seems incredible, but the fewest were body as zebras. 151 00:09:56,226 --> 00:09:57,590 How can such a thing? 152 00:09:57,990 --> 00:10:02,414 Insect eyes are compounds - have much in them - 153 00:10:02,716 --> 00:10:06,414 And flies using horizontally polarized light. 154 00:10:07,248 --> 00:10:09,872 Perhaps zebra stripes, 155 00:10:10,193 --> 00:10:13,248 in a certain way, disrupt polarized light 156 00:10:13,623 --> 00:10:19,147 And thus hampers flies landing on the body of a zebra. 157 00:10:20,578 --> 00:10:22,219 These recent discoveries 158 00:10:22,531 --> 00:10:25,657 though not elucidate why zebras have stripes. 159 00:10:26,064 --> 00:10:27,875 It could be and other benefits. 160 00:10:28,298 --> 00:10:32,909 But most seem to be înþepate prevent streaks, 161 00:10:33,284 --> 00:10:35,377 than being bitten. 162 00:10:36,681 --> 00:10:39,081 Whatever the motivation biological stripes 163 00:10:39,399 --> 00:10:41,660 zebras fascinated us for centuries. 164 00:10:42,070 --> 00:10:46,410 Queen Charlotte was so disappointed in her zebra-bought that and the other. 165 00:10:47,037 --> 00:10:49,318 The first was very nãrãvaºã 166 00:10:49,631 --> 00:10:52,866 And sold it to a friend of King George III. 167 00:10:53,996 --> 00:10:56,430 Then zebra traveled with a menagerie, 168 00:10:56,904 --> 00:11:00,632 and when he died was stuffed and Etal 169 00:11:00,959 --> 00:11:03,210 the pub "BIue Boar" from York - 170 00:11:03,709 --> 00:11:07,087 something like a memory from Buckingham House. 171 00:11:09,551 --> 00:11:12,989 I will present the model story 172 00:11:13,300 --> 00:11:15,052 a more fragile animal. 173 00:11:15,411 --> 00:11:18,411 It is the butterfly wings. 174 00:11:19,302 --> 00:11:21,762 Despite occasional streaks changes 175 00:11:22,115 --> 00:11:26,366 Zebra has remained unchanged to this basic model. 176 00:11:27,013 --> 00:11:30,178 The second animal has done the opposite 177 00:11:30,428 --> 00:11:34,460 And produced thousands, if not millions, of variations on the same theme. 178 00:11:35,641 --> 00:11:40,851 Naturaliºtii seemed obsessed Victorian era butterfly, 179 00:11:41,799 --> 00:11:45,914 And many museums filled with whole collections. 180 00:11:46,206 --> 00:11:50,822 Only Natural History Museum in London has over three million copies. 181 00:11:51,425 --> 00:11:54,993 It's easy to see why those naturaliºti were obsessed. 182 00:11:55,353 --> 00:11:59,478 Butterflies are amazing and wonderful variation of frumoºi. 183 00:12:00,270 --> 00:12:02,045 When it comes to model, 184 00:12:02,504 --> 00:12:06,648 nature seems to have autodepãºit Chapter butterfly wings. 185 00:12:10,251 --> 00:12:14,367 Why reshaped the nature of wings so many ways 186 00:12:14,704 --> 00:12:16,659 Science has long fascinated. 187 00:12:18,206 --> 00:12:22,659 Most specimens come from the Victorian era, 188 00:12:23,001 --> 00:12:26,569 a time when amateur collectors passion peaked. 189 00:12:30,069 --> 00:12:33,437 Many of those early collectors recognized relationship 190 00:12:33,723 --> 00:12:36,224 of butterfly wing color and pattern 191 00:12:36,569 --> 00:12:38,536 And his identity as a species. 192 00:12:40,249 --> 00:12:44,196 Each species has its own pattern and nuance. 193 00:12:45,322 --> 00:12:49,478 Bringing a wing seen how models are created. 194 00:12:50,491 --> 00:12:54,445 The surface is covered with millions of solziºori. 195 00:12:55,399 --> 00:12:56,571 Are fãcuþi of chitin 196 00:12:56,866 --> 00:12:59,587 And diferiþi contain pigments which tend to fade. 197 00:13:01,367 --> 00:13:03,775 There are also another type of CoLoRaTh wing 198 00:13:04,046 --> 00:13:08,110 which give certain particular brilliance butterflies, spectacular, 199 00:13:08,548 --> 00:13:11,839 which is maintained long after the butterfly died. 200 00:13:13,183 --> 00:13:17,214 Morpho butterflies Collect these were over 100 years ago 201 00:13:17,995 --> 00:13:22,576 And are as bright and today as the day they were rounded up. 202 00:13:23,779 --> 00:13:26,749 That's wings contain 203 00:13:27,072 --> 00:13:31,166 some microscopic structures called giroide. 204 00:13:31,812 --> 00:13:36,157 When light reaches one of them is bent and refracted, 205 00:13:36,884 --> 00:13:39,261 And produces color 206 00:13:39,606 --> 00:13:42,689 which varies depending on the angle of the concerns. 207 00:13:43,480 --> 00:13:47,294 Giroida is a pigment disappears - 208 00:13:47,762 --> 00:13:49,356 It is a crystalline structure. 209 00:13:52,446 --> 00:13:55,774 Darwin pondered these bright colors. 210 00:13:56,355 --> 00:13:59,821 They could actually make more visible butterfly predators. 211 00:14:00,150 --> 00:14:02,105 Then why be colored? 212 00:14:02,875 --> 00:14:06,823 Naturaliºtii Victorian age males and females knew that butterflies 213 00:14:07,168 --> 00:14:09,481 CoLoRaTh of the same species can be very different. 214 00:14:10,094 --> 00:14:12,778 The male Great Blue is blue, 215 00:14:13,325 --> 00:14:15,826 but the female is dark brown. 216 00:14:16,544 --> 00:14:19,472 For Darwin, such species are perfect examples 217 00:14:19,733 --> 00:14:22,138 of a process called "sexual selection". 218 00:14:22,743 --> 00:14:27,609 The coloring occurs among males to attract the opposite sex, 219 00:14:28,224 --> 00:14:33,045 CoLoRaTh alive so that males will probably reproduce easier. 220 00:14:34,571 --> 00:14:38,946 Interestingly, it is sometimes possible to see the male CoLoRaTh 221 00:14:39,280 --> 00:14:42,323 And the female from the same specimen. 222 00:14:43,482 --> 00:14:44,449 Like this. 223 00:14:47,449 --> 00:14:50,484 This side is the female and male it. 224 00:14:50,948 --> 00:14:53,231 Such copies are called gynandromorphe 225 00:14:53,886 --> 00:14:55,950 And they are very rare. 226 00:14:56,482 --> 00:14:58,262 Summary infertile, 227 00:14:58,918 --> 00:15:01,747 but may reveal more 228 00:15:02,223 --> 00:15:05,872 CoLoRaTh about sex and butterflies. 229 00:15:09,453 --> 00:15:12,047 Genetic studies of gynadromorphelor 230 00:15:12,453 --> 00:15:16,203 savanþilor allowed to understand the role of genes of the male and the female 231 00:15:16,546 --> 00:15:19,703 the development wing colouration and shape. 232 00:15:22,038 --> 00:15:24,766 But why female must be ashes 233 00:15:25,141 --> 00:15:26,674 and the male coloring? 234 00:15:29,455 --> 00:15:33,175 Because such species males are territorial, 235 00:15:33,537 --> 00:15:37,241 and bright colors are visible from a distance and remote pertain Althea males. 236 00:15:40,144 --> 00:15:42,958 On the other hand, females lay eggs, 237 00:15:43,355 --> 00:15:46,301 And it's better for them to be less obvious. 238 00:15:48,918 --> 00:15:52,927 But not all butterflies look the same clear difference between the sexes. 239 00:15:53,356 --> 00:15:57,256 I once visited the monarch butterfly's winter home in Mexico. 240 00:15:57,755 --> 00:16:00,148 Here, tens of millions of butterflies, 241 00:16:00,575 --> 00:16:03,258 who left North America to avoid winter 242 00:16:03,649 --> 00:16:05,430 îngrãmãdiþi stay on the trees. 243 00:16:07,211 --> 00:16:09,609 Very hard Poth differentiate males from females. 244 00:16:09,950 --> 00:16:12,634 Both sexes are bright orange with black stripes. 245 00:16:14,744 --> 00:16:16,807 It is a wonderful show, 246 00:16:17,182 --> 00:16:20,652 one that takes you to the thought that all these butterflies learn in one place, 247 00:16:20,965 --> 00:16:22,933 It would be a feast for predators. 248 00:16:23,371 --> 00:16:25,260 Interestingly 249 00:16:25,557 --> 00:16:27,432 Monarch butterflies can eat little animals, 250 00:16:27,841 --> 00:16:29,527 because I am veninoºi. 251 00:16:31,875 --> 00:16:34,155 Understanding wing model 252 00:16:34,529 --> 00:16:37,801 And a coloring them, as a defense, is due largely 253 00:16:38,155 --> 00:16:40,876 particularly a Victorian collector. 254 00:16:42,126 --> 00:16:45,814 In 1848, a young English naturalist Henry Bates, 255 00:16:46,224 --> 00:16:48,611 Shipping started a collection on Amazon 256 00:16:48,939 --> 00:16:51,055 which lasted 11 years. 257 00:16:52,065 --> 00:16:56,033 Bates era of umilã originally a autodidact, 258 00:16:56,352 --> 00:16:59,587 savanþi was different from others of the time. 259 00:17:00,660 --> 00:17:04,068 He traveled on Amazon along with naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, 260 00:17:04,477 --> 00:17:07,318 which noted that the purpose of their trip was not only to colecþioneze, 261 00:17:07,651 --> 00:17:11,255 but "to gather facts to resolve the origin of species." 262 00:17:12,888 --> 00:17:15,263 He spent over a decade in Amazon 263 00:17:15,545 --> 00:17:17,577 And has collected thousands of specimens, 264 00:17:17,826 --> 00:17:21,139 And he also discovered over 100 new species of butterflies. 265 00:17:22,139 --> 00:17:25,828 His work was not only a picture of the diversity of life in the tropics. 266 00:17:26,194 --> 00:17:29,068 It's theory and the butterfly tied CoLoRaTh 267 00:17:29,375 --> 00:17:33,329 which attracted great attention of Charles Darwin. 268 00:17:35,690 --> 00:17:38,423 He noticed differences in behavior between butterflies. 269 00:17:39,126 --> 00:17:42,049 Some species fly with a purpose. 270 00:17:43,268 --> 00:17:46,268 Other is moving slowly with irregular flickering wings. 271 00:17:46,752 --> 00:17:50,745 And yet they were left alone despite visible markings. 272 00:17:52,677 --> 00:17:55,677 Bates knew that some of butterflies in the collection to 273 00:17:55,959 --> 00:17:57,426 periculoºi were for predators. 274 00:17:57,729 --> 00:18:00,522 He knew that certain species in the Amazon, 275 00:18:00,870 --> 00:18:05,209 they left, were avoided by predators because they are poisonous. 276 00:18:06,552 --> 00:18:11,537 Here we have a nearly identical butterfly. 277 00:18:12,037 --> 00:18:15,085 In fact, it belongs to another group. 278 00:18:16,010 --> 00:18:19,430 As it observed the collection and form a certain trend. 279 00:18:20,086 --> 00:18:23,806 Each species of butterfly, poisonous or bad taste, 280 00:18:24,104 --> 00:18:25,995 He has an almost perfect imitator, 281 00:18:26,370 --> 00:18:29,682 And he drew side by side in his book. 282 00:18:30,664 --> 00:18:33,561 He called this form "imitators". 283 00:18:35,093 --> 00:18:38,666 Bates came across another reason butterfly pattern, 284 00:18:38,969 --> 00:18:43,089 one in which colors are warning signs for predators. 285 00:18:44,292 --> 00:18:47,980 These wings model simulators similar to those periculoºi 286 00:18:48,370 --> 00:18:51,042 they were and avoid predators. 287 00:18:51,370 --> 00:18:53,168 Those who showed less convincing 288 00:18:53,449 --> 00:18:54,970 They would probably be killed. 289 00:18:55,326 --> 00:18:58,763 Over time, evolution has created these children 290 00:18:59,100 --> 00:19:02,733 with an almost identical model and color of the original. 291 00:19:04,192 --> 00:19:06,888 Darwin was delighted by his remarks Bates. 292 00:19:07,327 --> 00:19:11,662 The butterfly wings fit well with his new theory about developments. 293 00:19:13,162 --> 00:19:16,851 Bates also found that the butterfly wing pattern 294 00:19:17,223 --> 00:19:19,297 can vary with distance. 295 00:19:19,893 --> 00:19:22,174 This is a butterfly called Heliconius, 296 00:19:22,923 --> 00:19:26,445 And so it shows in the southern Amazon basin. 297 00:19:27,173 --> 00:19:30,298 But so it shows in the north. 298 00:19:30,957 --> 00:19:35,707 Even more interesting is that discovered that imitator 299 00:19:36,254 --> 00:19:38,880 varies in the same way. 300 00:19:39,269 --> 00:19:42,176 So show imitator in south 301 00:19:43,020 --> 00:19:46,489 And so looks north. 302 00:19:48,678 --> 00:19:52,981 While Bates explains the importance of the model wing against predators, 303 00:19:53,543 --> 00:19:56,397 It was a question that could not respond. 304 00:19:57,746 --> 00:20:01,201 How succeed imitator does not mate with the model? 305 00:20:02,508 --> 00:20:06,702 Practically they are almost identical - at least to our eyes. 306 00:20:08,837 --> 00:20:11,088 Now we know that many butterflies 307 00:20:11,421 --> 00:20:14,205 I can see a greater range of the light spectrum, 308 00:20:14,557 --> 00:20:16,777 even ultraviolet end. 309 00:20:18,964 --> 00:20:21,250 Butterfly Hellconlus left 310 00:20:21,581 --> 00:20:23,730 It is very similar to imitate or right. 311 00:20:24,184 --> 00:20:26,092 To our eyes, they are similar, 312 00:20:26,777 --> 00:20:30,332 But if we look at them we can see through the filter ultraviolet 313 00:20:30,637 --> 00:20:32,677 imitator is that the darker deleted. 314 00:20:33,091 --> 00:20:35,617 In conclusion, himself butterflies 315 00:20:35,957 --> 00:20:37,904 I can see the differences between them much easier than us. 316 00:20:40,858 --> 00:20:44,877 Evolution butterflies wing model is more complex 317 00:20:45,179 --> 00:20:48,439 than first imagined tighten Victorian collectors. 318 00:20:49,092 --> 00:20:51,895 Indeed many factors involved 319 00:20:52,218 --> 00:20:55,501 the shape and color of each species wing. 320 00:20:56,580 --> 00:20:59,182 Henry Bates However we must thank 321 00:20:59,466 --> 00:21:02,153 on revealing the link between color and defense. 322 00:21:03,309 --> 00:21:05,342 When he returned from Amazon 323 00:21:05,810 --> 00:21:09,842 He described the 11 years spent in the tropics as the best of his life. 324 00:21:10,936 --> 00:21:12,530 And he spent the rest of career 325 00:21:12,877 --> 00:21:16,614 working as a secretary at the Royal Geographical Society, 326 00:21:17,031 --> 00:21:20,531 post which did not suit its analytical Mind. 327 00:21:21,460 --> 00:21:23,969 Many collectors have contributed specimens of butterflies 328 00:21:24,313 --> 00:21:27,188 an impressive collection of the Museum of Natural History. 329 00:21:27,618 --> 00:21:30,549 Because I could not see beyond Bates 330 00:21:30,891 --> 00:21:34,892 the amazing variety of colors wings and I discovered the link evoluþionistã 331 00:21:35,304 --> 00:21:38,689 of the many models and butterfly wings. 332 00:21:39,847 --> 00:21:42,087 Striped zebra fur 333 00:21:42,412 --> 00:21:44,754 And colored elements of the wing butterfly 334 00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:46,880 may play a role similar, 335 00:21:47,589 --> 00:21:50,243 Protection of animals that decorate them. 27478

Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.