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1
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On this episode of Expedition File, The
Exorcist, perhaps the scariest horror
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00:00:06,580 --> 00:00:10,460
film of all time, but behind the terror
is a true story.
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00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:16,100
For decades, the identity of the real
child said to be possessed by the devil
4
00:00:16,100 --> 00:00:18,880
was buried in mystery.
5
00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:22,100
Now, we reveal all.
6
00:00:23,580 --> 00:00:24,580
Then...
7
00:00:26,380 --> 00:00:31,680
2 ,000 years ago, a hallucinogenic honey
is said to have brought down an entire
8
00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:36,960
Roman army in what is considered
history's first act of biological
9
00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:42,980
For centuries, the deadly recipe was
considered lost, but has it now been
10
00:00:46,280 --> 00:00:52,000
And we expose the shocking story of a
man who posed as a member of America's
11
00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:54,860
richest family, the Rockefellers.
12
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leaving behind a trail of deception,
outrage, and possibly murder.
13
00:01:06,620 --> 00:01:13,360
In the corridors of time are mysteries
that defy
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00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:14,360
explanation.
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00:01:15,280 --> 00:01:22,200
Now, I'm traveling through history
itself on a
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search for the truth.
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New evidence.
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Shocking answers.
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00:01:31,630 --> 00:01:33,010
I'm Josh Gates.
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And these are my expedition files.
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Did you know Abraham Lincoln was a
licensed bartender? How about that
22
00:01:47,990 --> 00:01:49,370
is wider than the moon?
23
00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:53,100
or that it's illegal to own only one
guinea pig in Switzerland.
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00:01:53,420 --> 00:01:57,460
Those facts may sound crazy, but they're
all 100 % accurate.
25
00:01:57,700 --> 00:02:02,740
Look them up. And tonight, we embrace
this strange but true concept to the
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00:02:02,740 --> 00:02:08,300
fullest, delving into three historical
mysteries that all seem too bizarre to
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believed. But in each case, real answers
are about to be revealed.
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We begin in 1949.
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I'm standing on Bunker Hill Road in
Mount Rainier, Maryland, a peaceful,
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neighborhood. But something is about to
shatter that silence, something
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disturbing.
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00:02:27,870 --> 00:02:32,050
Inside that house, the young boy who
lives there is anything but at peace.
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He's growling in a strange, almost
demonic voice and lashing out
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00:02:38,490 --> 00:02:43,450
Soon, the Catholic Church will get
involved, leading to a terrifying
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The events will inspire a best -selling
novel, which in turn becomes the iconic
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00:02:48,290 --> 00:02:53,390
horror film The Exorcist. The real child
behind it all will become known to the
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00:02:53,390 --> 00:02:59,170
public only by the alias Roland Doe. But
who is he really? What becomes of him?
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00:02:59,270 --> 00:03:03,370
And most importantly, is he actually
possessed by the devil?
39
00:03:21,740 --> 00:03:27,580
In 1971, William Blatty's terrifying
novel The Exorcist hits bookshelves.
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Inspired by rumors of a real -life
possession of a young child, it sells
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00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:36,000
millions of copies and becomes a
cultural phenomenon.
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00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:42,440
Two years later, the story leaps onto
the big screen and becomes a massive
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Audiences scream.
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Critics rave. It is widely considered
one of the greatest horror films of all
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time.
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But none of this would have been
possible without the real boy, known by
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nickname Roland Doe.
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In 1949, he's 13 years old, an only
child who lives with his parents in the
49
00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:09,600
Maryland suburbs.
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00:04:10,600 --> 00:04:15,020
Roland loves spending time with his Aunt
Tilly, playing with her spirit board.
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00:04:15,380 --> 00:04:19,519
She's a spiritualist, someone who
believes the dead can communicate with
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00:04:19,519 --> 00:04:20,519
living.
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00:04:21,140 --> 00:04:23,100
It's seen as a bit of harmless fun.
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00:04:23,530 --> 00:04:26,650
They spend evenings together asking
questions in the dark.
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00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:32,170
So far, pretty straightforward.
56
00:04:32,530 --> 00:04:37,090
But from here on out, the story will
take terrifying twists and turns, the
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00:04:37,090 --> 00:04:39,150
details of which are gathered from those
involved.
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Is it all true? Is it not?
59
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Well, buckle up, because things are
about to get supernatural.
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According to his mother and father, it
starts small.
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A phantom dripping sound.
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Scratching beneath the floorboards.
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And a picture of Christ shaking and
falling to the ground.
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The noises continue for ten straight
nights, and then they suddenly stop.
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Three days later, a new sound begins.
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The phantom creak of shoes pacing softly
around Roland's bed.
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Then, in late January, tragedy strikes.
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Aunt Tilly dies.
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00:05:41,980 --> 00:05:45,780
After that, the strange activity only
seems to grow worse.
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00:05:50,570 --> 00:05:55,010
And Roland's mother begins to wonder if
her sister's spirit has joined the
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00:05:55,010 --> 00:05:56,350
voices from the beyond.
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Aunt Hilly, if that's you, knock three
times.
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Or perhaps it's something worse.
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The knocking in the night continues, and
the scratching only grows louder.
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00:06:28,350 --> 00:06:32,430
According to the family, Roland's
behavior also becomes disturbing.
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He speaks in a strange, guttural voice,
murmuring Latin phrases he does not
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know.
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00:06:43,630 --> 00:06:46,270
Objects near him move without being
touched.
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He lashes out at his family with a
frightening fury, then says
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he doesn't remember a thing.
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Roland's family is deeply religious, and
so, desperate for help, his mother
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turns to Father Edward Hughes, a local
Jesuit priest.
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Over the course of two weeks of meetings
with the boy, Hughes grows alarmed as
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Roland's condition worsens.
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With no clear answers, in February of
1949, Hughes arranges for him to be
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admitted to Georgetown University
Hospital for observation.
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But doctors find no medical explanation
for his outbursts.
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So, Father Hughes decides to act,
performing an unsanctioned exorcism on
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According to Father Hughes, he begins
his ritual by sprinkling holy water and
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praying for Roland.
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But midway through, the agitated boy
suddenly breaks free.
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And strikes Father Hughes, slashing his
arm.
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The exorcism is abandoned.
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With both doctors and the priest
apparently unable to help, Roland is
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Let's be clear, everything we've just
told you is what happened according to
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Roland's family.
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Weeks later, it is said the
manifestations take a disturbing new
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Roland apparently wakes with scratches
on his skin. At first, they're just
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lines. But then, an enigmatic word
appears.
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Louis.
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To the family, the message is
unmistakable.
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They have relatives in the city of St.
Louis. They need to go there now.
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They leave Maryland and make the trip
west, staying with family in the quiet
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suburb of Belnor.
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00:08:58,020 --> 00:09:03,540
But the frightening disturbances
continue, and soon word reaches local
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priest, Father Bowdern.
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00:09:05,280 --> 00:09:09,160
At 52, Bowdern is a scholar and seasoned
Jesuit priest.
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who served as a military chaplain in
World War II.
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But what he hears from the family is
serious enough that he takes it straight
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the Archbishop of St. Louis, who agrees
the child must undergo a second exorcism
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immediately.
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It will become one of the most well
-documented exorcisms in U .S. history,
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it is one of the rare times the Church
formally sanctions the rite on American
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soil.
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Father Baudern prepares to leave the
deliverance, joined by his assistant,
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Father Bishop, who documents the ordeal
in a handwritten journal.
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To guide the exorcism, Baudern turns to
the church's ancient manual, the Rituale
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Romanum, a book of rites written in
Latin, unchanged for centuries.
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He memorizes the prayers.
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and gathers what is required, a
crucifix, holy water, and the relic of a
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saint. Because once the ritual begins,
there's no turning back.
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Much of the event takes place here, in a
secluded psychiatric wing.
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Astoundingly, the exorcism goes on for
over a month, as Bowdern battles what he
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believes is the devil himself.
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Mother of God.
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Pray for us.
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The session grows ever more violent,
more profane.
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Bowdern and his assistant recount the
litany of the saints.
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Pray for us.
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Saint Michael, pray for us.
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As they invoke the saints, it's recorded
that the bed begins to shake.
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Our Christ compels you.
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Roland lashes out, breaking the priest's
nose.
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00:11:04,910 --> 00:11:06,750
But the men continue their prayers.
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00:11:08,550 --> 00:11:14,870
Then Father Bowdern notices a shift. The
boy grows suddenly calm, almost himself
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00:11:14,870 --> 00:11:18,250
again. Seizing the moment, Bowdern acts.
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Will you accept this baptism?
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Yes. Almighty and ever -loving God. To
their surprise, Roland agrees. He
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00:11:28,010 --> 00:11:29,050
renounces Satan.
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00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:36,080
According to the priest's diary, what
happens next is unforgettable.
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Roland cries out, declaring himself to
be the archangel St.
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Michael, wielding a fiery sword.
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And after a hellish month of ritual,
violence, and perceived possession, just
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like that, it's over.
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Roland themes at last to be a thief.
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Whatever dark presence had haunted him
now appears to be gone.
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After the ordeal, Roland returns home to
Maryland.
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He and his parents never speak publicly
of what happened.
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The only record of all of this is the
remarkable diary kept by Father Bishop.
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For the next 70 years, two huge
questions will remain unanswered. Who
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real boy behind this incredible story?
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And was he truly possessed by the devil?
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Now, we may finally have the answer.
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For 70 years, the true identity of
Roland Doe, the boy who inspired the
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exorcist, was shrouded in secrecy. What
was his real name, and was he actually
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possessed by the devil?
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Now, Reverend Anthony Holmes, who's
spent years studying and observing first
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-hand cases of exorcism, pulls back the
curtain on this spine -chilling story.
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Roland was a teenager.
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He was in an emotional place.
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He was grieving his aunt. And in the
middle of his grief, strange things
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happening. While it's impossible to know
whether or not something supernatural
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took place, when you step back and look
at it, the events don't necessarily
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point to the supernatural.
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They point to stress, trauma, and
isolation.
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They are psychological conditions that
could explain what the family and priest
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00:13:41,700 --> 00:13:42,720
believe they saw.
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00:13:44,140 --> 00:13:48,700
Much of what we know about Roland's case
comes from the religious perspective of
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Father Bishop's diary.
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Skeptics argue that those strange
events, the banging sounds in the house,
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the scratches on Roland's skin, could
have been produced by a boy in the
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of despair.
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But how does that explain the fact that
he was speaking Latin, a language he
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didn't know?
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00:14:07,520 --> 00:14:10,500
Some believe it was a case of impressive
mimicry.
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echoing terms he'd previously heard in
the church and during the exorcisms
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themselves.
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The power of suggestion could deeply
take play in this case.
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The family was deeply religious.
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The priests were around him at all
times, people speaking about God or the
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and things of this nature around him and
the family.
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For Roland's religious family, the devil
is seen as a real and terrifying force.
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And once strange things started
happening, they prioritized seeking help
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the church over the medical community.
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Being exposed to that kind of influence
at a young age, while also processing
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the loss of his beloved Aunt Tilly,
could have conditioned Roland's mind to
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00:14:58,600 --> 00:15:00,020
believe he was possessed.
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00:15:01,400 --> 00:15:06,220
If your family believed it, If your
pastor believes it, if the church
189
00:15:06,220 --> 00:15:09,080
it, then you might end up believing it
too.
190
00:15:11,200 --> 00:15:15,260
Reverend Holmes is convinced that
Roland's ordeal may have been less about
191
00:15:15,260 --> 00:15:19,000
demons and more about the fragile
boundaries of the human mind.
192
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In 1999, the Vatican revisited its
understanding of possession.
193
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Priests must first rule out mental
illness.
194
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But in the case of Roland, another huge
mystery still remains.
195
00:15:32,080 --> 00:15:33,080
Who was he?
196
00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:36,160
and what became of him after his
harrowing experience.
197
00:15:36,820 --> 00:15:43,080
In 2021, more than 50 years after the
ordeal, the man once known as Roland Doe
198
00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:44,840
dies at the age of 86.
199
00:15:45,180 --> 00:15:50,540
And at that point, journalists around
the world reveal his name, Ronald Edwin
200
00:15:50,540 --> 00:15:51,540
Hunkler.
201
00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:59,700
After the exorcism, Ronald Hunkler went
on to live a seemingly ordinary life.
202
00:16:00,190 --> 00:16:02,770
He graduated from high school in 1954.
203
00:16:03,470 --> 00:16:08,630
He pursued an engineering career and
worked at NASA for over 40 years.
204
00:16:08,890 --> 00:16:13,750
He was even part of the team that helped
develop technology for the Apollo
205
00:16:13,750 --> 00:16:19,390
missions. But he never spoke publicly
about the exorcism. To colleagues, he
206
00:16:19,390 --> 00:16:20,430
just another engineer.
207
00:16:21,390 --> 00:16:25,210
While the detailed accounts in Father
Bishop's diary firmly suggest a
208
00:16:25,210 --> 00:16:29,490
supernatural culprit, we now know this
infamous story may be more about
209
00:16:29,490 --> 00:16:32,130
childhood grief than the dangers of the
devil.
210
00:16:32,570 --> 00:16:37,110
Ronald Hunkler built a quiet, grounded
life, raising three children and
211
00:16:37,110 --> 00:16:41,290
distancing himself from those events in
the Maryland suburbs in 1949.
212
00:16:41,690 --> 00:16:46,370
And who can blame him when your most
terrifying childhood experience becomes
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00:16:46,370 --> 00:16:48,190
of Hollywood's biggest blockbusters?
214
00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:50,480
Who wouldn't want to stay out of the
spotlight?
215
00:16:56,080 --> 00:16:59,740
From a demonic mystery to something
strangely sweeter.
216
00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:05,579
The year is 65 B .C., and we are deep in
the hills of the Pontic Kingdom, what
217
00:17:05,579 --> 00:17:06,920
will eventually be called Turkey.
218
00:17:07,200 --> 00:17:11,619
The Pontics are at war with the Romans,
and they are vastly outnumbered. But not
219
00:17:11,619 --> 00:17:16,160
to worry, they've got a plan to strike
back, which brings us to these clay
220
00:17:16,560 --> 00:17:17,560
So what's inside?
221
00:17:18,109 --> 00:17:19,810
Weapons? Maybe explosives.
222
00:17:20,310 --> 00:17:25,329
Actually, it's honey. And soon it will
be deployed into one of the wildest
223
00:17:25,329 --> 00:17:30,130
military maneuvers of all time. One that
ends in the complete massacre of a
224
00:17:30,130 --> 00:17:32,130
thousand attacking Roman soldiers.
225
00:17:32,490 --> 00:17:37,890
So how does honey kill an army? To find
out, we comb through the evidence to
226
00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:41,510
finally reveal the secret of history's
stickiest trap.
227
00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:55,760
Two thousand years ago in ancient
Turkey, two great armies are battling
228
00:17:55,760 --> 00:17:58,480
dominance, the Romans and the Pontics.
229
00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:04,320
Rome at this time is a mighty republic,
controlling a vast swath of the globe.
230
00:18:04,820 --> 00:18:09,200
Practically every piece of land that
touches the Mediterranean Sea is Roman,
231
00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:13,180
except for a rather large chunk known as
the Pontic Kingdom.
232
00:18:13,680 --> 00:18:18,820
For the next several years, the Romans
and the Pontics violently clash over
233
00:18:18,820 --> 00:18:19,820
valuable territory.
234
00:18:20,360 --> 00:18:23,760
under the command of two opposing and
legendary leaders.
235
00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:30,440
On one side is Pompey, a notorious
general in the Roman army. He cultivates
236
00:18:30,440 --> 00:18:35,120
reputation for ruthlessness and is known
as the teenage butcher, after winning
237
00:18:35,120 --> 00:18:37,320
several great victories as a young man.
238
00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:44,540
On the opposite side is the Pontic king
Mithridates, a legend in his own right,
239
00:18:44,680 --> 00:18:47,280
and not about to go down without a
fight.
240
00:18:47,690 --> 00:18:51,470
After all, he's resisted the Romans
since before Pompey was born.
241
00:18:52,550 --> 00:18:57,510
But who is Mithridates? To really
understand him, we need to rewind a bit.
242
00:19:00,890 --> 00:19:05,150
Mithridates ascends to the throne as a
boy after his father's sudden and
243
00:19:05,150 --> 00:19:06,150
suspicious death.
244
00:19:07,850 --> 00:19:12,330
Widely believed to be the work of
poison, administered by none other than
245
00:19:12,330 --> 00:19:13,690
Mithridates' own mother.
246
00:19:14,210 --> 00:19:15,650
Talk about family drama.
247
00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:25,080
With her husband dead, Mithridates' mom
rules in his place until the boy comes
248
00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:27,400
of age and claims what is rightfully
his.
249
00:19:27,820 --> 00:19:32,520
Fearing that his mom might now poison
him, he imprisons her where she dies.
250
00:19:33,360 --> 00:19:37,860
With his power secured, King Mithridates
becomes famed for his shrewd
251
00:19:37,860 --> 00:19:41,260
intelligence, supposedly speaking 22
languages.
252
00:19:42,500 --> 00:19:47,760
He also turns all that poison -related
childhood trauma into a lifelong
253
00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:54,600
Toxicology becomes Mithridates' true
expertise, learning how to create
254
00:19:54,600 --> 00:19:56,900
poisons and measure the perfect dose.
255
00:20:03,020 --> 00:20:09,440
He often tests out deadly ingredients
like nightshade, hemlock, arsenic, and
256
00:20:09,440 --> 00:20:14,740
lead on criminals, observing their
effects and looking for potential
257
00:20:24,140 --> 00:20:29,220
Over the years, Mithridates becomes so
engrossed with elixirs of death, at
258
00:20:29,220 --> 00:20:30,560
he even tests them on himself.
259
00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:32,840
Kids, don't try this at home.
260
00:20:33,060 --> 00:20:37,220
But his obsession with poisons doesn't
end there. He also turns his lethal
261
00:20:37,220 --> 00:20:39,100
recipes into weapons of war.
262
00:20:39,900 --> 00:20:46,020
From venom -tipped arrows and flaming
oils to unleashing wasps and wild beasts
263
00:20:46,020 --> 00:20:50,120
into enemy tunnels, he fights dirty and
brilliantly.
264
00:20:50,640 --> 00:20:55,120
Which brings us back to his war with the
Romans and General Pompey, and a
265
00:20:55,120 --> 00:20:57,500
poisonous plan to take the general out.
266
00:20:58,720 --> 00:21:04,340
In 65 BC, more than a thousand of
Pompey's Roman soldiers trudged through
267
00:21:04,340 --> 00:21:08,100
treacherous Caucasus Mountains on their
way to attack the Pontic Kingdom.
268
00:21:10,760 --> 00:21:15,320
Starving and spent, they stumble upon
what looks like a gift from the gods,
269
00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:17,900
bowls of delicious golden honey.
270
00:21:18,330 --> 00:21:20,470
left out in the open near a quiet
village.
271
00:21:22,690 --> 00:21:25,710
Too hungry to question it, the Romans
dig in.
272
00:21:27,410 --> 00:21:30,810
But this is no sweet treat. It's a trap.
273
00:21:32,110 --> 00:21:35,010
And soon, the Roman army will be dead.
274
00:21:36,890 --> 00:21:37,890
But how?
275
00:21:38,510 --> 00:21:41,310
Modern science finally has the answer.
276
00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:57,900
In 65 BC, an army of soldiers under the
mighty Roman general Pompey stumble into
277
00:21:57,900 --> 00:22:01,840
a literal honey trap laid by enemy king
Mithridates.
278
00:22:02,740 --> 00:22:06,460
Over the next few hours, the men dip
into the sugary bounty.
279
00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:09,780
But then they begin to feel strange.
280
00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:13,980
Some hallucinate.
281
00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:19,160
Others become physically ill. And soon
they grow weak, collapse.
282
00:22:19,640 --> 00:22:21,440
and slip into unconsciousness.
283
00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:29,820
With the Romans helpless, Mithridates'
forces face no resistance at all.
284
00:22:30,380 --> 00:22:35,880
Sources say around a thousand
legionnaires are all wiped out in a
285
00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:36,880
ambush.
286
00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:43,440
As for their leader, Pompey, he survives
the trap, but is purportedly enraged,
287
00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:44,480
swearing revenge.
288
00:22:45,460 --> 00:22:48,300
Over the next two years, he unleashes
hell.
289
00:22:48,840 --> 00:22:52,140
crushing the last of Mithridates' forces
one by one.
290
00:22:57,240 --> 00:23:02,300
Realizing defeat by Pompey is
inevitable, Mithridates decides to take
291
00:23:02,300 --> 00:23:04,720
life with, you guessed it, poison.
292
00:23:06,340 --> 00:23:10,040
But in a cruel twist, his suicide
attempt doesn't work.
293
00:23:10,260 --> 00:23:15,420
Turns out years of testing small doses
of poison on himself has made him
294
00:23:17,870 --> 00:23:22,490
With poison off the table, he asks his
loyal bodyguard to do what no toxin
295
00:23:22,490 --> 00:23:24,650
could, finish him with a sword.
296
00:23:26,410 --> 00:23:31,670
Despite losing the war and his life,
Mithridates' honey trap becomes one of
297
00:23:31,670 --> 00:23:34,970
greatest triumphs and an enduring
historical mystery.
298
00:23:35,250 --> 00:23:40,250
For centuries, experts have wondered
exactly how he managed to concoct a
299
00:23:40,250 --> 00:23:43,830
so deadly that it alone incapacitated
the Roman army.
300
00:23:44,170 --> 00:23:49,490
But in 2023, historian and emergency
doctor Matthew D. Turner discovered the
301
00:23:49,490 --> 00:23:53,530
truth about what turned this sweet
nectar into a biological weapon.
302
00:23:55,530 --> 00:23:59,170
Given Mr. Davey's wide knowledge of
poisons and his reputation for
303
00:23:59,390 --> 00:24:02,110
you might think that he had spiked the
honey with something, something like
304
00:24:02,110 --> 00:24:03,730
arsenic, which he was fond of using.
305
00:24:03,950 --> 00:24:05,550
This was not actually the case.
306
00:24:05,930 --> 00:24:09,030
After combing through the historical
records, I found that the valley where
307
00:24:09,030 --> 00:24:12,710
Mithridates is said to have laid its
trap contains a large amount of plants
308
00:24:12,710 --> 00:24:17,790
called Rhododendron ponicum, also known
as Mountain Rose, a plant which is well
309
00:24:17,790 --> 00:24:19,630
known for the poison in its nectar.
310
00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:25,030
And what's more, the bees in this valley
only pollinate a tiny two square miles
311
00:24:25,030 --> 00:24:28,550
around their beehive. And what flower do
the bees pollinate in this valley?
312
00:24:28,810 --> 00:24:29,810
Mountain Rose.
313
00:24:33,070 --> 00:24:36,870
When the bees consume the nectar of the
mountain rose plant, the toxins make
314
00:24:36,870 --> 00:24:37,870
their way into the honey.
315
00:24:38,350 --> 00:24:42,550
Locals call it mad honey, but science
calls it granotoxin poisoning.
316
00:24:42,850 --> 00:24:44,570
This stuff doesn't mess around.
317
00:24:44,810 --> 00:24:49,470
It hijacks your nervous system, slows
your heart, and blurs your vision. The
318
00:24:49,470 --> 00:24:54,670
result? Up to 24 hours of wild, woozy
misery with vomiting and diarrhea.
319
00:24:55,130 --> 00:24:56,130
Sounds fun.
320
00:25:01,170 --> 00:25:05,430
Essentially, when you're poisoned by
granotoxins, your body is unable to
321
00:25:05,430 --> 00:25:07,630
stop or slow down any of its processes.
322
00:25:07,890 --> 00:25:11,450
You just keep sweating and sweating and
sweating. Your body is just unable to
323
00:25:11,450 --> 00:25:12,450
stop itself.
324
00:25:12,950 --> 00:25:16,290
Granotoxins can have wildly different
effects at very different dosages.
325
00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:20,610
Even today, very small amounts of mad
honey are actually used for medicinal
326
00:25:20,610 --> 00:25:24,730
purposes, for treating high blood
pressure, diabetes, and even low libido.
327
00:25:24,730 --> 00:25:28,030
even a tiny change in the dosage can be
very toxic and deadly.
328
00:25:28,940 --> 00:25:32,540
It seems Mithridates had perfected his
own secret formula.
329
00:25:32,840 --> 00:25:36,740
If the poisoned honey had been too weak,
the Roman soldiers could have fought
330
00:25:36,740 --> 00:25:41,080
back. But if the mix was too strong, the
first few to drink it would have fallen
331
00:25:41,080 --> 00:25:44,960
ill immediately, warning off their
comrades from taking a taste.
332
00:25:46,180 --> 00:25:49,880
Mithridates diluted the poison just
enough so that the Roman soldiers all
333
00:25:49,880 --> 00:25:53,520
the honey, but had a high enough
concentration so that they were poisoned
334
00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:56,480
honey. This was very much a Goldilocks
scenario of poisoning.
335
00:25:58,410 --> 00:26:03,190
So, according to Dr. Turner, we now know
how Mithridates pulled off his honey
336
00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:04,330
trap so effectively.
337
00:26:04,670 --> 00:26:09,730
But one question still lingers. How did
Pompey not anticipate this kind of
338
00:26:09,730 --> 00:26:14,170
attack? Given Mithridates' reputation
for using poison against his enemies,
339
00:26:14,390 --> 00:26:17,470
you'd think Pompey would have seen this
coming a mile away.
340
00:26:18,910 --> 00:26:22,870
It seems pretty unlikely that Pompey
would not have been unaware of this as a
341
00:26:22,870 --> 00:26:25,760
possibility. However, it's possible he
simply didn't care.
342
00:26:25,980 --> 00:26:29,320
I think part of it may have been
arrogance on Pompey's part. At this
343
00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:32,700
seemed inevitable that Pompey's
resistance would soon be crushed, as it
344
00:26:33,340 --> 00:26:37,320
Mithridates actually sent Pompey a peace
offer, but Pompey refused it because he
345
00:26:37,320 --> 00:26:38,720
wanted, like, a total crushing victory.
346
00:26:38,920 --> 00:26:42,360
And he got it, even at the cost of
thousands of his own men.
347
00:26:43,240 --> 00:26:47,780
Although the Romans claimed ultimate
victory on the battlefield, no one will
348
00:26:47,780 --> 00:26:51,180
ever forget the deadly sweet legacy of
their enemies.
349
00:26:52,610 --> 00:26:57,030
Mithridates masterfully created a blend
of honey that wiped out an army. But he
350
00:26:57,030 --> 00:27:01,230
also did something else. He laid the
groundwork for the concept of biological
351
00:27:01,230 --> 00:27:06,430
warfare. From poison -tipped arrows and
plague -ridden corpses tossed over
352
00:27:06,430 --> 00:27:11,510
medieval castle walls, all the way to
the 2001 anthrax attack, biological
353
00:27:11,510 --> 00:27:16,790
warfare has long been a tragic fixture
of human conflict. And it all stems from
354
00:27:16,790 --> 00:27:17,970
a simple pot of honey.
355
00:27:18,330 --> 00:27:19,870
Sickly sweet, indeed.
356
00:27:23,360 --> 00:27:28,140
It's August 2nd, 2008, and I'm in front
of an apartment complex in Baltimore,
357
00:27:28,360 --> 00:27:32,500
Maryland. This man has just been told
over the phone that his boat is sinking,
358
00:27:32,700 --> 00:27:36,960
but it's a trap. The call came from
these officers, and they're arresting
359
00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:39,180
for kidnapping his 7 -year -old
daughter.
360
00:27:39,400 --> 00:27:44,600
So who is he? Well, he claims to be
Clark Rockefeller, fine art collector,
361
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:48,980
Street phenom, and a guy with a last
name that makes him heir to one of the
362
00:27:48,980 --> 00:27:50,660
powerful families in the nation.
363
00:27:50,880 --> 00:27:52,500
But in the weeks that follow...
364
00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:57,360
Investigators and the world will
discover this Rockefeller is in fact an
365
00:27:57,360 --> 00:28:02,340
imposter, one of the most prolific
fraudsters in American history. And
366
00:28:02,340 --> 00:28:06,400
new details reveal he may also be a cold
-blooded murderer.
367
00:28:15,480 --> 00:28:21,260
The man who would claim to be a
Rockefeller is born in 1961 in Germany
368
00:28:21,260 --> 00:28:22,260
very different name.
369
00:28:23,440 --> 00:28:29,640
Christian Carl Gerhardsreiter. His
childhood is unexceptional, growing up
370
00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:31,220
modest working -class family.
371
00:28:31,660 --> 00:28:36,720
Then, as a young man, he moves to the
United States, landing in Connecticut as
372
00:28:36,720 --> 00:28:37,720
an exchange student.
373
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:42,820
He develops a passion for acting, but
for him, life itself is a performance.
374
00:28:43,260 --> 00:28:45,360
His first lie sets the stage.
375
00:28:45,640 --> 00:28:50,360
He convinces his American host family he
comes from wealthy German nobility.
376
00:28:51,020 --> 00:28:53,680
When in truth, his background is
anything but.
377
00:28:56,160 --> 00:29:00,860
Two years later, he heads to the Midwest
and briefly enrolls as a film student
378
00:29:00,860 --> 00:29:02,480
at the University of Wisconsin.
379
00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:09,480
There, he adopts his first new persona,
naming himself Christopher Gerhardt.
380
00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:17,560
In 1981, the so -called Christopher hits
a bump in the road. His visa is about
381
00:29:17,560 --> 00:29:18,560
to expire.
382
00:29:18,590 --> 00:29:20,610
so he comes up with a manipulative
scheme.
383
00:29:20,870 --> 00:29:25,590
He persuades a woman named Amy into
marrying him just so he can get his
384
00:29:25,590 --> 00:29:30,550
card. He's now a permanent U .S.
resident, and before the ink is dry on
385
00:29:30,550 --> 00:29:32,530
wedding certificate, he skips town.
386
00:29:33,210 --> 00:29:37,530
Ultimately, Amy will file for divorce,
never hearing from Christopher again.
387
00:29:41,850 --> 00:29:46,750
In 1982, Christian lands in the wealthy
suburb of San Marino, California.
388
00:29:47,790 --> 00:29:53,990
Using a fake ID under a new alias,
Christopher Chichester, he cons his way
389
00:29:53,990 --> 00:30:00,770
the city's elite social circle, claiming
to be descended from British
390
00:30:00,770 --> 00:30:05,930
royalty, with ties to Lord Mountbatten
and Sir Francis Chichester.
391
00:30:07,590 --> 00:30:13,830
To strangers, he's posh, but his living
arrangements are far from upper crust.
392
00:30:16,910 --> 00:30:21,730
Still, with charm and cunning, he
manages to land a rent -free spot in the
393
00:30:21,730 --> 00:30:27,310
house of Ruth Sohus, a wealthy widow he
meets through San Marino's high society.
394
00:30:28,010 --> 00:30:33,650
But tensions start to rise when Ruth's
family comes to stay, her son John, a
395
00:30:33,650 --> 00:30:36,610
computer programmer, and his wife Linda,
an artist.
396
00:30:40,010 --> 00:30:41,350
John grows uneasy.
397
00:30:41,980 --> 00:30:46,180
The more time he spends around him, the
more questions John has about this so
398
00:30:46,180 --> 00:30:52,920
-called Christopher Chichester, a man
who claims he has noble British roots,
399
00:30:52,920 --> 00:30:57,720
lives in a pool house with no clear job
and, stranger still, no clear past.
400
00:30:58,700 --> 00:31:03,340
After a year of rising tension, John and
Linda apparently head out of town,
401
00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:07,580
leaving a message for Ruth that they've
taken a business trip to New York.
402
00:31:09,420 --> 00:31:12,120
When they don't return, Ruth grows
anxious.
403
00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:17,060
Until postcards arrive claiming the
couple is now traveling through Europe.
404
00:31:17,660 --> 00:31:20,960
Two months go by and there's no further
communication.
405
00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:24,360
Distraught, Ruth files a missing persons
report.
406
00:31:26,740 --> 00:31:31,460
John and Linda are never seen again. And
the man living with Ruth, known as
407
00:31:31,460 --> 00:31:34,080
Christopher Chichester, vanishes soon
after.
408
00:31:34,540 --> 00:31:35,560
Questions swirl.
409
00:31:36,060 --> 00:31:38,340
Did he have something to do with the
couple's disappearance?
410
00:31:38,780 --> 00:31:43,120
The Trail of Clues will lead us to one
of the richest and most famous families
411
00:31:43,120 --> 00:31:44,660
in American history.
412
00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:56,400
After the suspicious disappearance of
his landlord's son and daughter -in
413
00:31:56,560 --> 00:32:01,820
conman Christian Gerhartsreiter ditches
his alias Christopher Chichester and
414
00:32:01,820 --> 00:32:03,100
moves across the country.
415
00:32:03,520 --> 00:32:07,980
He pops up in Greenwich, Connecticut as
Christopher Crowe, a smooth -talking
416
00:32:07,980 --> 00:32:12,520
finance guy. That is, until his lack of
business experience gets him fired. In
417
00:32:12,520 --> 00:32:16,560
the mid-'90s, he lands in New York,
where he takes on his most outrageous
418
00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:17,700
persona yet.
419
00:32:20,260 --> 00:32:25,340
Meet Clark Rockefeller, eccentric heir
to the affluent Rockefeller family.
420
00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:30,900
The Rockefellers are one of the
wealthiest dynasties in America's
421
00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:34,920
Patriarch John D. Rockefeller founded
Standard Oil.
422
00:32:35,720 --> 00:32:39,340
His grandson Nelson would go on to be U
.S. Vice President.
423
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:44,240
Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York
dominates the scene in the early hours.
424
00:32:45,520 --> 00:32:49,700
To be clear, Christian has no actual
connection to the Rockefellers.
425
00:32:50,520 --> 00:32:55,780
Instead, leaning on his charisma,
thorough research, and keen ability to
426
00:32:55,780 --> 00:32:58,440
questions to make his adopted persona
work.
427
00:32:59,210 --> 00:33:04,130
And he has a fake social security number
and forged documents handy just in
428
00:33:04,130 --> 00:33:05,130
case.
429
00:33:05,210 --> 00:33:09,870
But living life like a Rockefeller, all
while avoiding actual Rockefellers, is
430
00:33:09,870 --> 00:33:13,390
expensive. Christian needs to find a
source of funding fast.
431
00:33:14,090 --> 00:33:19,550
In 1993, while hosting a party, he meets
Sandra Boss, a Harvard Business School
432
00:33:19,550 --> 00:33:23,810
graduate earning over a million dollars
a year at a global management consulting
433
00:33:23,810 --> 00:33:28,630
firm. Christian makes Sandra laugh, and
Sandra makes Christian rich.
434
00:33:30,630 --> 00:33:33,350
They're married in Nantucket in 1995.
435
00:33:33,850 --> 00:33:38,570
None of his relatives attend, as he
claims to have disinvited them over an
436
00:33:38,570 --> 00:33:40,070
undisclosed family drama.
437
00:33:41,930 --> 00:33:44,730
After tying the knot, the honeymoon ends
fast.
438
00:33:45,190 --> 00:33:49,910
Christian seizes total control over
their lives, from their finances to
439
00:33:49,910 --> 00:33:53,210
social lives, even dictating what Sandra
can eat.
440
00:33:53,450 --> 00:33:55,050
Honey, that's enough calories for today.
441
00:33:59,130 --> 00:34:05,430
Then, in 2001, Sandra gives birth to a
daughter, Ray, who they nickname
442
00:34:05,430 --> 00:34:06,470
Snooks.
443
00:34:07,510 --> 00:34:11,730
Ironically, for a man always living a
lie, Christian's love for his biological
444
00:34:11,730 --> 00:34:14,889
daughter seems to be the one true thing
in his life.
445
00:34:15,630 --> 00:34:18,750
But that love will also be his undoing.
446
00:34:20,969 --> 00:34:25,810
As years pass, Sandra grows suspicious
of why she's never met any of her
447
00:34:25,810 --> 00:34:27,429
husband's Rockefeller relatives.
448
00:34:29,130 --> 00:34:34,730
After they relocate to Boston in 2006,
she hires a private investigator.
449
00:34:35,600 --> 00:34:39,920
I'm so sorry, Miss Boss. I've got some
bad news for you. Although her husband's
450
00:34:39,920 --> 00:34:44,139
true identity remains unknown, she
learns one undeniable truth.
451
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:50,179
He is not Clark Rockefeller, because
there is no Clark Rockefeller. He
452
00:34:50,179 --> 00:34:55,280
exist. In shock, Sandra divorces him and
wins custody of Snook.
453
00:34:56,400 --> 00:34:59,640
Losing his beloved daughter apparently
devastates Christian.
454
00:35:00,220 --> 00:35:06,160
At the end of his rope, during a
supervised visitation on July 27, 2008,
455
00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:11,600
kidnaps seven -year -old Snooks,
triggering a nationwide manhunt that
456
00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:17,020
days, until a Maryland resident
recognizes the fugitive's face on the
457
00:35:17,020 --> 00:35:18,020
calls police.
458
00:35:18,720 --> 00:35:23,400
He's got a boat at the local marina, and
authorities fear he's about to use it
459
00:35:23,400 --> 00:35:24,680
to flee with his daughter.
460
00:35:25,640 --> 00:35:30,860
Which brings us back here, August 2nd,
2008, outside the Baltimore apartment
461
00:35:30,860 --> 00:35:35,560
where so -called Clark Rockefeller has
finally been found and is being placed
462
00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:36,459
under arrest.
463
00:35:36,460 --> 00:35:42,480
After 30 years of living lie after lie,
for serial impersonator Christian Carl
464
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:45,320
Gerhartsreiter, the jig is finally up.
465
00:35:46,700 --> 00:35:52,160
In June of 2009, he's sentenced to five
years in prison for custodial
466
00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:53,160
kidnapping.
467
00:35:53,420 --> 00:35:58,360
But his legal troubles are only
beginning, because soon the path he's
468
00:35:58,360 --> 00:36:03,660
hard to outrun will come back with a
vengeance, exposing a dark secret that
469
00:36:03,660 --> 00:36:04,940
long been buried.
470
00:36:10,820 --> 00:36:16,000
The Exorcist, inspired by the real -life
case of Roland Doe, is one of the most
471
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,120
successful horror movies ever made.
472
00:36:18,700 --> 00:36:22,940
But what's less well -known is that the
film's production was plagued by eerie
473
00:36:22,940 --> 00:36:28,060
events. Two actors who played characters
that die in the movie tragically passed
474
00:36:28,060 --> 00:36:30,600
away in real life shortly after filming.
475
00:36:31,160 --> 00:36:36,720
A mysterious fire also destroyed most of
the set, except, unsettlingly, the room
476
00:36:36,720 --> 00:36:39,000
of the possessed child played by Linda
Blair.
477
00:36:40,200 --> 00:36:44,960
The crew became so concerned that
director William Friedkin brought in a
478
00:36:44,960 --> 00:36:46,540
priest to bless the production.
479
00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:51,880
And the horrors would continue when the
film was released, with multiple viewers
480
00:36:51,880 --> 00:36:56,720
reportedly fainting, and some theaters
even arranging to have ambulances on
481
00:36:56,720 --> 00:37:02,120
standby. We know that art imitates life,
but maybe also the afterlife.
482
00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:10,940
Christian Gerhardt's writer has been
arrested for kidnapping and exposed as a
483
00:37:10,940 --> 00:37:14,260
fraud for assuming the identity of Clark
Rockefeller.
484
00:37:14,590 --> 00:37:19,070
As investigators dig deeper, they begin
to suspect that Christian's past may be
485
00:37:19,070 --> 00:37:20,430
darker than anyone realized.
486
00:37:20,830 --> 00:37:25,790
Vanity Fair journalist Mark Thiel spent
years investigating the story, and he
487
00:37:25,790 --> 00:37:29,630
uncovered the shocking truth about one
of Christian's former lives.
488
00:37:30,690 --> 00:37:37,130
In 1994, workers were digging a hole for
a new swimming pool in this home in San
489
00:37:37,130 --> 00:37:40,830
Marino, California, and the blade hit
something hard.
490
00:37:41,930 --> 00:37:44,810
and it turned out to be a badly
decomposed body.
491
00:37:45,130 --> 00:37:49,750
The authorities later identified the
bones as belonging to John Sohas, who
492
00:37:49,750 --> 00:37:52,870
been missing with his wife, Linda Sohas,
since 1985.
493
00:37:54,410 --> 00:38:00,310
This is the home of Ruth Sohas. That's
right, John Sohas' body was found on the
494
00:38:00,310 --> 00:38:05,070
same property where Christian
Gerhartsreiter lived in the mid-'80s
495
00:38:05,070 --> 00:38:06,710
alias Christopher Chichester.
496
00:38:07,980 --> 00:38:11,680
right before he skipped town and took on
yet another identity.
497
00:38:12,900 --> 00:38:18,080
It's certainly suspicious, but also
circumstantial. And while the police had
498
00:38:18,080 --> 00:38:22,380
tried to track down this Christopher
Chichester for questioning, their search
499
00:38:22,380 --> 00:38:23,500
came up empty.
500
00:38:24,500 --> 00:38:29,800
However, after Clark Rockefeller was
arrested for kidnapping, and his story
501
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:31,740
image were splashed across the media,
502
00:38:32,650 --> 00:38:37,970
A neighbor of Ruth Sohus noticed
Rockefeller and Chichester appeared to
503
00:38:37,970 --> 00:38:38,970
and the same.
504
00:38:40,210 --> 00:38:45,250
Now that they found the prime suspect in
the John Sohus murder case, they just
505
00:38:45,250 --> 00:38:46,870
needed the evidence to prove it.
506
00:38:47,290 --> 00:38:51,650
And it turns out the key to cracking the
case was a plastic bag.
507
00:38:52,480 --> 00:38:56,560
There were two plastic bags that
contained some of the remains of John
508
00:38:56,560 --> 00:39:01,460
one of them had the logo of the
University of Wisconsin on them, which
509
00:39:01,460 --> 00:39:02,460
odd.
510
00:39:02,580 --> 00:39:06,820
That's where Christian had studied, just
before he moved to California and
511
00:39:06,820 --> 00:39:09,400
reinvented himself as Christopher
Chichester.
512
00:39:10,980 --> 00:39:15,940
The prosecution felt this was the
smoking gun that clearly showed
513
00:39:15,940 --> 00:39:16,859
was the killer.
514
00:39:16,860 --> 00:39:18,540
But what was the motive?
515
00:39:20,430 --> 00:39:25,670
The police investigator later told me
that Christopher needed money to start a
516
00:39:25,670 --> 00:39:31,350
new life and that somehow he figured he
could get some of Ruth's money.
517
00:39:31,930 --> 00:39:37,550
Maybe John and Linda somehow suspected
that things were not right with
518
00:39:37,550 --> 00:39:40,370
Christopher. He really wasn't who he
said he was.
519
00:39:40,790 --> 00:39:45,230
The prosecution's theory was that
Christian realized he was about to be
520
00:39:45,230 --> 00:39:46,230
as a fraud.
521
00:39:46,440 --> 00:39:50,500
A confrontation may have followed,
leading to the murder of John and
522
00:39:50,500 --> 00:39:51,500
Linda as well.
523
00:39:51,780 --> 00:39:56,540
Lawyers argued it was exactly the kind
of manipulative scheme you'd expect from
524
00:39:56,540 --> 00:39:58,800
a career con man. The jury agreed.
525
00:39:59,100 --> 00:40:03,960
They found Christian guilty and
sentenced him to 27 years in prison for
526
00:40:03,960 --> 00:40:07,640
murder of John Soas. As for Linda, she
remains missing.
527
00:40:08,620 --> 00:40:12,520
The tragedy of this whole thing is John
and Linda Soas.
528
00:40:13,040 --> 00:40:18,760
This isn't just a fun story about
somebody who fooled people with a big
529
00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:24,100
It's a tragic story about the loss of a
young man who was in the prime of his
530
00:40:24,100 --> 00:40:29,500
life. And Linda was an artist. And this
young couple, who everyone seemed to
531
00:40:29,500 --> 00:40:30,880
love, are gone.
532
00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:37,420
Christian Gerhart's writer left untold
damage in his wake.
533
00:40:37,840 --> 00:40:42,480
His deceptions ripped lives apart,
including those of the people who loved
534
00:40:42,480 --> 00:40:43,480
the most.
535
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:50,680
Christian was a master at making people
believe. His wife, Sandra,
536
00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:54,640
said in the trial that she may have had
a blind spot because he was very
537
00:40:54,640 --> 00:40:59,180
charming, very intelligent, had all of
the trappings of sophistication.
538
00:40:59,820 --> 00:41:05,200
Christian just shedded one identity for
another and just kept moving forward.
539
00:41:06,060 --> 00:41:11,680
But that kidnapping of his daughter
caused his whole world to be exposed to
540
00:41:11,680 --> 00:41:12,680
crash.
541
00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:19,320
And as for Christian, to this day, he
insists that while he's guilty of living
542
00:41:19,320 --> 00:41:21,740
borrowed lives, he's innocent of murder.
543
00:41:21,980 --> 00:41:28,180
He fought his conviction on appeal
twice, in 2015 and 2016, but both
544
00:41:28,180 --> 00:41:29,038
were denied.
545
00:41:29,040 --> 00:41:34,300
In the end, the man who fooled so many
couldn't escape himself or his fate.
546
00:41:34,800 --> 00:41:37,980
I'm Josh Gates, and I'll see you on the
next expedition.
49708
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