All language subtitles for 1969 - The Year That Changed the World Forever - Documentary

in 1969 Richard Nixon becomes president

of the United States a country torn by

the Vietnam

War the decade of psychedelia comes to

an end while civil rights for women

afro-americans and the sexually diverse

are proclaimed The Beatles record their

last album and one of the members of The

Rolling Stones dies in Hollywood reality

exceeds fiction and man conquers the

North Pole on foot the internet is born

and the Space Race reaches its

climax Time

Capsule

1969 by the end of the 60s Winds of

Change have Unleashed more than one

storm Dr Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X

John and Robert Kennedy CH AA and many

more have been killed during the

decade on April 28th 1969 the president

of France Charles deal deitz after

losing a referendum where his political

Prestige is not at

stake in three previous popular

referendums he bypassed politicians

elected Parliament and won but this time

he is defeated and true to his word

presents his

resignation the year before his

resignation strong social unrest in

students workers and laborers

overwhelmed by tedium

authoritarianism hierarchies and

reigning conservatism gives rise to the

famous May 1968 events in

France realizing the failure of the

anti-riot forces deal cleverly dissolves

the cabinet led by his prime minister

George pompo and calls for Parliament

elections on June 30th 1968 the French

cast their vote and deal achieves a

resounding Victory due to an alliance

between his followers right-wing forces

by invoking the Spectre of Communism

anti-nationalism and the power of

agitators Deal's Victory just a month

after the enormous political and social

crisis shows that may of 68 was a social

Revolution more than a political

one it brought about important cultural

social and moral

changes on November 9th 1970 D gal dies

in his sleep he is remembered for having

defeated the Nazi Terror and for the

class and elegance exhibited when he

retires from

Politics on April 17th 19 1969 the

secretary of the Czechoslovakia

Communist Party Alexander dubic is

ousted from office dupi is the reformist

leader who from January 5th to August

20th 1968 during the Cold War carried

out a period of political liberalization

known as the Prague spring as creator of

the project socialism with a human face

dup Chi tries to reduce totalitarianism

within the party and allows it members

to act according to their

conscience he gives them freedom to

reject any state policy and allows

ordinary citizens to openly criticize

the government he also eliminates the

censorship of newspapers which the Press

plays to their advantage by reporting

cases of corruption and abuse of power

he also supports a multi-party system

Russians feel threatened by these

measures and brand them as capitalistic

in order to stop the Czechs and slovaks

from moving away from their control on

the night of August 20th 1968 the war

saw packed countries in Bay

Czechoslovakia with more than 200,000

troops and 2,000

tanks inevitably in April 1969 dup is

forced to resign as first Secretary and

in 1970 is expelled from the Communist

party and made a forestry official in

Bratislava the Prague spring ends and

Czechoslovakia receiv received leads

into a harsh

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winter on February 4th

1969 yaser Arafat is appointed head of

the PLO two months earlier on December

13th

1968 his unknown face appears on the

cover of Time

Magazine Arafat is catapulted to fame

for resisting with 300 Palestinian

Fighters and attack by Israel

perpetrated while he was entrenched in

his headquarters in Jordan on November

29th

1947 the UN General Assembly voted to

divide Palestine into two states one

Jewish and the other Arab designating

Jerusalem and Bethlehem as an

international Zone in June of

1967 during the 6- day war Israel drives

Jordanian forces out of East Jerusalem

and immediately claims its territory

establishing Israel the predominant

Regional military power to counteract

this action the Palestine Liberation

Organization or PLO becomes the leading

Force as a political and military group

of the Palestinians national

movement aaat dies in France in 2004

without seeing the peace that many

believe he did not seek he's considered

a hero to the Palestinians a terrorist

to most Israelis and according to many

islamist and leftist PLO members an

extremely accommodating man to Israel's

interests but what is certain is that

yaser Arafat is one of the most relevant

figures of 20th century World

Politics on March 17th

1969 goldm Meer becomes the first woman

to hold the Office of Prime Minister of

her country Israel in the world only two

women precede her siravo banari also

known as Miss B and Sri Lanka and Indira

Gandhi in India Golda Meer on her first

speech as prime minister calls on

neighboring countries to promote

dialogue and peace the answer to her

plea comes 3 days later when gabal Abdel

Nasser president of Egypt expresses

among other things that there is nothing

more sacred than the call to

war in

1974 tired and sick goldem resigns and

Zach Rabin assumes power

she holds the honor of being the only

woman who signed in May 1948 the

document of the creation of the state of

Israel a tenacious leader who dedicates

her whole life to the people of Israel

dies four years later on December 8th

1978 in the Sacred City of

Jerusalem in

1969 as politicians rise and fall from

Power

thousands of young people around the

world shout and

protest while some ask for peace and

love with flowers and songs others Sing

the anthem of the international

socialist there are also anarchists

feminists ecologists and many others

each one asking for the new world they

Envision the decade is ending

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I know America's youth I believe in them

we can be proud that they are better

educated more committed more

passionately driven by conscience than

any generation in our

history on January 20th

1969 Richard Nixon is sworn in as

president of the United States of

America as the Vietnam War raed ages the

new president announces a progressive

withdrawal of troops and pledges to

provide continued economic assistance to

the South Vietnamese government he

offers to bring North Vietnam and South

Vietnam to the negotiating table and

refrain from expanding military actions

to other countries the only commitment

fulfilled by Nixon is the Progressive

Financial support offered to the South

Vietnamese government during the first

half of

1969 the conflict intensifies and the

number of American soldiers in Vietnam

exceeds a record number of

545,000

in March

1969 the newly elected president of the

United States begins operation menu

bombings a campaign of secret bombings

over

Cambodia in less than a month the New

York Times has already reported about

these attacks the information leaked by

members of the Air Force who opposed the

operations another country engulfed in

the war is LA from 1964 to

1973 the United States dropped 2 million

tons of ordinance on this Asian country

making La the most heavily bombed Nation

per capita in the world the message that

the new presidency wants to send to

North Vietnam is its willingness to

further escalate the war including the

use of nuclear

weapons neither diplomacy nor threats

work the North Vietnamese do not use

yield and Nixon does not carry out his

nuclear threats the war continues by

April

1969 more than 40,000 American soldiers

have been killed and billions of dollars

have been spent in a war that few

consider fair or

necessary one of the most controversial

battles of the Vietnam War the Battle of

Hamburger Hill is fought in May of 1969

it is named for the shape of the hill

where the battle is waged but it becomes

a macabra joke for the Carnage of the

attacks the dense jungle the heat swarms

of insects and constant rain the road

paved on both sides by landmines and

enemy troops entrenched in underground

tunnels conspire to make the trip to the

top of the hill a real nightmare for the

young American soldiers the military

action is considered unnecessary and

absurd and protests escalate in the

United States Hamburger Hill has hard

any strategic value and is soon

abandoned by the American troops given

the growing complications of the war by

mid

1969 Richard Nixon appoints Henry

Kissinger National Security adviser in

an attempt to negotiate a Peace With

Honor on August 4th 1969 the first

secret conversations between Henry

Kissinger and Swan TW head of the North

Vietnamese delegation begin in Paris

peace is finally achieved in

1973 by January of

1969 542,000 Young Americans are far

from their country engaged in a war that

for them has no

meaning in mid August of that same year

in the US an equal number of young

people escape from this harsh reality

and travel to the Woodstock Festival

held in bethl New York

they come from every corner of the

country to a music festival that is

mostly improvised that weekend bethl

becomes the third most populated city in

the state of New York in an event not

planned to hold such a big crowd and in

the midst of rain mud and great chaos

hundreds of young people live the

musical experience of the century from

August 15th to the 18th rock and roll

Reigns among flowers long hair colored

skirts nudus and Drugs Richie Havens is

catapulted to Fame after having the

honor of opening the festival on the

last day of Woodstock towards the end of

his 2-hour set jimmi Hendrick performs

his iconic deconstruction of the

national anthem of the United States The

Star Spangled Banner extracting from his

guitar Roars and shrieks of War moans of

pain and sounds of bombing this

interpretation becomes emblematic not

only of Woodstock but of an entire era a

year later in 1970

hris Woodstock's Hero on the verge of

finalizing his last album leaves the

world stage when he dies unexpectedly in

England although tickets for the 3-day

Festival cost

$18 the chaos is such that many young

people get in without paying and in the

spirit of spontaneity of the concert the

festival ends Monday the 18th instead of

Sunday the 17th the governor of New York

Nelson Rockefeller declares the farm

area disaster zone three deaths occur at

Woodstock and two births are reported

even though none is registered in the

festival's medical tent Rolling Stone

magazine declares that the Woodstock

festival expands the spirit of a

generation peace and love are the

words on September 2nd in North Vietnam

hoi Min dies poet politician and Soldier

his name is synonymous with Vietnamese

communism Uncle hoe as his followers

know him is the founder of the

Revolutionary youth Vietnam in 1941 he

founds the vietman a national

Independence Coalition LED primarily by

Communists and in 1945 he establishes

the Democratic Republic of Vietnam under

his leadership the vietn men resist and

defeat the French and Japanese

governments and actively participate in

both the second world war and the

Vietnam war hoochi men died without

seeing the reunification for which he

struggled so much to achieve on October

15th

1969 the moratorium to end the war in

Vietnam is held with peaceful

demonstrations throughout the

world across the United States more than

2 million citizens join in

protest that October 15th is remembered

as the day when the largest number of

people gathered in North America for a

common cause a month later on November

15th

1969 more than 500,000 people march in

Washington and thousands sing in one

voice John Lenin's all we are saying is

Give Peace a chance

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he

at the end of the decade protests

against the Vietnam War and the struggle

for civil rights of women homosexuals

and afro-americans intensify while rock

and roll plays louder than

ever imagine a world without lennin in

1969 John lennin is ending a fruitful

period with the four of Liverpool and

starting on his own path more than a pop

singer or a great artist

John lennin embodies the evolution of a

great movement that longs for peace and

social

justice on March 21st

1969 John Lenin and Yoko Ona are married

the most controversial wedding of the

pop scene was celebrated in Gibralter

the ceremony lasts less than 10 minutes

and as usual JN is wearing his mythical

round glasses and Yoko her famous

sunglasses that cover half her face 5

days later they travel to Amsterdam for

their honeymoon where they haul up in

the presidential suite at the Hilton

Hotel lying in bed covered with white

sheets surrounded by flowers and two

signs that read hairpiece and Bed Piece

they welcome the press and declare we're

going to stay in bed for 7 Days sort of

instead of having a private honey it's a

private protest for the violence that's

going in in the world is to say uh we

feel that instead of making War it's

better to just stay in let's stay in bed

for three and grow your hair yes for

peace let it Let It Grow till uh peace

comes you know on June 1st in Montreal

Canada John lennin records Give Peace a

chance the first single recorded in solo

by a beetle the song was written during

the second bed in of the Lenin Ono

couple and it was in response to a

journalist's inquiry about what message

did John want to give by by staying in

bed he answered spontaneously just give

peace a chance Lennon's casual words

became an Anthem against the Vietnam War

and the

counterculture a women's Liberation

Organization known as dolam Mina or mad

Mina rises in December 1969 in Holland

the movement carries out a campaign to

promote the use of oral contraceptives

and to bring about changes in the

workplace so as equal labor conditions

laws to protect pregnant women against

layoffs and the right to an abortion

they were characterized by the use of

humor in their protests often inverting

gender roles the movement grows and

spreads to countries like Germany and

Belgium while across the ocean in

another continent American feminists

have been fighting for

years by

1963 Betty frieden has already explored

the real situation of American women in

her famous famous essay Feminine

Mystique in the study she refers to

women as part of the silent

generation Housewives spouses and

mothers surrounded by appliances diapers

makeup and cleaning products with no

personal interests beside their homes

this way of life drives many to the

psychiatrist couch suffering from severe

depression neurosis and anxiety although

the medical diagnosis points to to

sexual issues freeden goes further and

blames the disorders on the lack of

opportunity for women to develop as

individuals other than their role as

Homemakers according to Betty frieden

these conditions affect women without

distinction of academic background or

social

class on April 10th

1969 African-American students take over

the facilities of Willard straight Hall

at Cornell University in Upstate New

York and bring weapons into the

premises they demand the establishment

of a black studies program and measures

against racism and

discrimination after 10 days on April

20th the university authorities end The

Siege by negotiating with the students

who victoriously emerged from the front

doors of the University carrying their

weapons the next day photograph graphs

appear on the cover of newspapers and

magazines under the title universities

under arms pardon granted by the

authorities leaves a bitter taste in the

public but for some members of the black

community it might have mitigated the

desire for revenge and Justice to this

day Dr Martin Luther King Jr's utopian

vision of a promised land is yet to be

fulfilled on June 28th 1969

a group of homosexuals and transsexuals

resist arrest during a police raid in

the Stonewall Inn a gay bar in New York

initiating the famous Stonewall riots in

favor of their rights in the United

States this day is taken to celebrate

gay pride day throughout the world the

movement advocates for the

decriminalization of

homosexuality gay marriage and their

right to legally adopt children this day

marks the beginning of the formal

activities of The lgbtq Liberation

movement that welcomes lesbians gays

bisexuals transgenders and queers as a

result of these famous riots the Gay

Liberation Front was created being the

first organization to use the word gay

to identify itself as a

group as the 60s come to an end all

those who suffer discrimination due to

gender sexual preference

or the color of their skin stand

together side by side with those who

protest against the Vietnam War in a

common

goal the

transformation of society

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that's one small step for

man one Le for man July 20th

1969 man conquers the

moon on July 16th the Apollo 11 mission

is launched from Cape Canaveral Florida

and after 4 days and 6 hours two

astronauts land on the surface of the

Moon marking one of the most significant

ific moments of the 20th century the

heroes of the mission are Neil Armstrong

commander-in-chief Edwin Buzz Aldren

pilot of the lunar module eagle and

Michael Collins pilot of the Command

Module Columbia in 2018 astronaut Buzz

Aldren recalled how relatively simple it

was to reach the moon we wore special

suits but in essence we kind of just

boarded the rocket pressed the requisite

buttons and we were

there for Aldren all the marriage go to

the NASA scientists LED at the time by

the engineer George Mueller who did the

hard

work however not everything was so

simple once the lunar module eagle

disengages from the Colombia the

astronauts prove their skills and

Professional Knowledge they avoid the

designated Landing site a crater full of

rocks that would have damaged the module

jeopardizing their safe return back home

Armstrong skillfully Maneuvers the

module changes course and lands on a

clear area of the Moon called The Sea of

tranquility tranquility base here the

eagle has

landed October 4th

1957 marks the beginning of the Space

Race that day the Soviet Union succeeds

in launching into space the first

artificial satellite in the history of

mankind the Sputnik one the news of the

launching quickly spreads across the

world the New York Stock Exchange CR

crashes and the New York Times claims

that the satellite places the world on a

race for

survival President Kennedy becomes the

new occupant of the White House in 1960

and by April 1961 after Yuri Gagarin

reaches space the Soviet Union is

clearly ahead in the Space Race the same

month and after the Bay of Pigs Fiasco

in Cuba Kennedy stands before Congress

and delivers a message I believe this

nation should commit itself to achieving

the goal before the decade is out of

Landing a man on the moon and returning

him safely to the Earth even after his

assassination in

1963 his words are not forgotten and by

1967 there are more than 400,000 people

working for NASA the tension provoked by

Kennedy's proposed deadline was immense

but the United States manages to meet

the challenge and puts a man on the moon

before the decade ends even though

President Kennedy himself was not there

to witness the feat on July 20th

1969 almost 600 million people watched

on their television sense as the first

man walked floating on the lunar

surface in addition to placing a flag

and leaving a memorial plaque with the

date of the achievement the astronauts

installed devices capable of colle

collecting samples and data to be

transmitted to Earth they set up a

nuclear particles detector and deployed

the solar wind composition experiment

developed in Switzerland to study the

solar wind when they return the crew

brings back lunar material that weighs

49 lb on the moon and 295 lb on Earth

the guidance computer used on the Apollo

11 Mission lacks usability and

preemptive multitasking so to perform

each operation the astronauts have to

enter commands that combine numbers and

verbs while repeating these commands out

loud so Houston can follow the operation

the technology used by the microchip

processor on the spaceship that took the

man to the Moon could be compared to the

technology used in a portable

calculator astronauts in space find

themselves in a completely different

reality one where the sun rises and sets

every 90 minutes and they're exposed to

to intense glare and solar winds charged

with

radiation the astronauts train their

muscles for microgravity and an aircraft

built to offer the experience of zero

gravity they learn fine motor skills to

manipulate among other things robotic

arms using heavy and bulky gloves on

their

hands they exercise by swimming and

lifting weights strengthening their

abdominal and back muscles so they can

turn Bend lift and transport large

objects and carry the approximately 280

lbs of a space

suit on July 22nd

1969 the astronauts leave the lunar

module board the Colombia and begin

their trip back home the eagle is

dropped on the moon and becomes scrap on

its

surface astronauts still have to

overcome Earth's atmosphere

one of the most dangerous moments of the

entire

mission two days later on July 24th

three red dots are seen floating in the

Pacific Ocean the command Columbia

module turning safely to Earth the

astronauts are rescued by the USS Hornet

aircraft

carrier NASA breathes a sigh of relief

the mission has concluded successfully

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by 1969 fashion designers are busy

creating a free and functional wardrobe

for women with comfortable and

Innovative pieces that stand in sharp

contrast with the more conservative

designs of the French Couture

houses unisex Fashion Is Here

long-haired men wear bell bottom pants

with high platform shoes while

short-haired women Twiggy style flaunt

Min skirts with flat goo patent

boots Eve St Laurent shakes Classic

Couture with his female tuxedo Le

smoking a bold alternative to the little

black dress at a time when few public

establishments allow women to enter

wearing

pants the panty hose becomes the latest

Trend putting an end to the Garter Bell

that made quite impossible the use of

mini skirts see-through tops and the

monokini grow in

popularity both Mary Quant in London and

Kur in France claim the creation of the

mini skirt as theirs mid thigh or higher

and worn with very loose belts that

reflect the free spirit of the decade

Min skirts are favored by females of all

shapes not just thin women with long

legs in response to the mini skirt the

maxi skirt appears in the the fashion

scene coats and dresses go down to the

ankles giving women freedom to show off

their legs or

not Haku raban creates his famous 69

handbag popularized by Bridget bardeaux

and adopted by hundreds of females in

its assorted presentations the motto is

a 69 for every

woman hippie fashion swarms in San

Francisco and multiple ethnic garments

shirts with ruffles flowered robes and

skirts jeans adorned with embroidered

motifs and fringed suede jackets and

vests designers get inspiration from the

street to create their new fashion

lines giant sunglasses with plastic

frames and black or white make their

appearance worn by celebrities such as

Yoko Ono and Jack Kennedy to Shield

themselves from public attention they

end up becoming their

trademark shining patent and PVC are

used to make all kinds of Footwear and

fashion accessories as if to capture the

brightness of the recently conquered

moon and the

stars on January 30th

1969 The Beatles give an improvised

performance on the roof of Apple records

in London that noon with a temperature

of 7° the concert planned for

pedestrians and neighbors is interrupted

by the

police get back Echoes through the roofs

filling the air as the concert comes to

its abrupt

end it's the last time the Beatles play

live so we decide to do it instead of

thinking about it on March 12th

1969 Paul McCartney marries Lind Eastman

an American photographer who on May 11th

1968 makes history by being the first

female photographer credited on the

cover of Rolling Stone magazine with a

photograph of musician Eric

Clapton on September 26th The Beatles

release Abby Road their second to last

album but the last one that the four

from Liverpool record together the songs

that appear on Let It Be the group's

last album had been recorded in studio

before Abby

Road reality strikes the world of Art

and entertainment when on July 3rd

1969 Brian Jones one of the founding

members of The Rolling Stones dies

unexpectedly the lifeless body of the

former guitarist appears floating in the

pool of his Mansion Brian a consumate

and versatile musician contributes with

his erratic and wild Behavior to the bad

boy image of The Rolling Stones the

antithesis of the boys from

Liverpool while some faces Fade Out

others appear in January of

1969 Leed Zeppelin releases its first

album whereas The Beatles dominate the

decade of the 60s Leed Zeppelin after

its appearance in

1969 swiftly climbs the ladder to heaven

and takes over the rock scene throughout

the

70s on April 14th 1969 the 40 first

edition of the Oscars takes place in Los

Angeles at that event Stanley kubri is

nominated as best director for his

future film 2001 A Space Odyssey the

film features elaborate designs of

spacecrafts and visual effects created

both mechanically and by computer and

never before seen in the history of

Cinema 2001 A Space Odyssey paves the

way for science fiction hit movies such

as the Star Wars saga

in 1969 John Wayne stars in the movie

True Grit a role that would give him his

only Oscar award for best actor Mario

PUO publishes his novel The Godfather

and Shakes the literary World by

presenting for the first time a look at

the mafia from the inside as a community

in itself with rules and a culture of

its own accepted far beyond its Circle

it tells the story of the corleon family

centered on veto the patriarch of of an

Empire dedicated to the

Mafia the novel remains on the New York

Times bestseller list for 67 weeks and

is brought to the big screen in 1972

under the same Title by Francis Ford

Copa it serves as inspiration in 1999

for the TV Saga The

Sopranos on August 9th

1969 the sect known as the Manson family

brutally murders actress Sharon Tate and

four other people in Los Angeles the

26-year-old actress and wife of film

director Roman palansky is With Friends

when the self-proclaimed family breaks

into her home to conduct the

massacre the next morning the

housekeeper finds the horrific crime

scene Sharon Tate 8 months pregnant is

stabbed 16 times five of them fatally

the actress is buried with her baby son

In Her Arms the news shakes Hollywood

Like An Earthquake some artists flee the

city others carry guns a Beverly Hills

Shop sells 200 weapons in 2 days and all

the locksmiths are booked the age of

peace and love has died by the hands of

Charles

Manson years later he will be known as

the man who killed the

60s the decade ends

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[Applause]

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on April 6th

1969 sir Wally Herbert the British

Explorer reaches the North Pole on foot

in an expedition never previously

accomplished he crosses the Arctic Ocean

via the North Pole trekking from Alaska

to Norway with a team of Two Men and 40

dogs in 1989 the National Geographic

Society commissions sir Herbert to

assessed the diary and astronomical

observations of Robert Perry who claimed

to have reached the North Pole in

1909 in his book the news of laurels sir

Herbert published his conclusions

stating that Perry had come very close

but had never reached the pole his

deductions have been widely accepted sir

Wally Herbert is one of the first

artists to draw the Frozen Landscapes of

the North Pole his drawings and

paintings as well as his books illust

UST rated by his own hand are highly

acclaimed by the public in his honor the

highest mountain in the Arctic

archipelago Bears his name as does a

mountain range and a plateau in the

Antarctic in 2000 he was kned for as

many polar achievements but sir Wally

Herbert carves his place in history when

in

1969 after traveling for 16 months and

covering

3,728 Mi becomes the first man to walk

under Undisputed to the North

Pole a giant is born and it flies on

February 9th 1969 the jumbo 747 makes

its first test flight at the end of the

decade the ever increasing demand for

InterContinental flights makes the

Boeing 707 with a passenger capacity of

190 seats and a flight autonomy of

nearly 3,000 M obsolete the new 747

carries up to 524 passengers and doubles

the 707 flight range the construction of

this Aviation giant requires an assembly

plant big enough to contain it and for

this purpose Boeing builds its facility

at Everett in Washington state which

continues to be the biggest enclosed

building in the world in 2005 after 36

years of dominance the jumbo 747 is

challenged by the airbud a 380 a 4

engine jumbo jet that becomes the

largest passenger aircraft in

operation on March 2nd 1969 the Concord

a supersonic aircraft the fastest in

commercial Aviation makes its first test

flight in October of the same year it

breaks the sound barrier for the first

time two prototypes were built one in

too France and the other in Bristol

England England Concord in both French

and English means agreement a perfect

name for an airplane built in a joint

project between England and France two

countries with a long-standing rivalry

of the 20 aircrafts manufactured seven

are managed by Air France seven by

British Airways and six never left the

ground the Concord was the first

aircraft controlled by a computer

something common in the 21st century but

Unthinkable as at the time noise

pollution and high maintenance costs

make the Concord unfeasible and on

October 24th 2003 it makes its last

commercial

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flight in

1969 Ford and Chevrolet's racehorses the

Mustang and the Camaro respectively

compete like every year in the Trans

American sedan Championship a grand tour

car race held in the United States

throughout the 60s both vehicles

struggled to win the heart of sports car

fans Mustang fans insist that their car

is the King of the Road and criticize

among other things the suspension system

of its rival Camaro followers claimed

the Mustang is just bells and whistles

after six Generations the Camaro and the

Mustang are still on the

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road on November 21st 1969 the internet

is born when arpanet accomplishes the

first communication between two

computers using a modem one at the

University of California in Los Angeles

and the other at the Stanford Research

Institute both in California beginning

the decade Joseph licklider

mathematician physicist and psychologist

foresees a planetary Galactic Network

capable of connecting the world through

the access to

information from anywhere on the planet

in 1962

lick ligher becomes the first director

of the information processing Technics

office at the Pentagon and finds the

opportunity to spend big money in

pursuit of his vision meanwhile Marshall

mclan philosopher scholar communication

professor and great Visionary coins the

term Global Village which describes a

world scale human interconnection

through an electronic communication

media at the end of 1969 for the first

time for computers communicate with each

other and by 1993 there are more than 2

million around the world linked through

the web although the term internet was

born in 1972 it's in 1982 when arpanet

is replaced by a protocol which becomes

the most widely used Network in the

world the internet lick lighter's idea

that computers are not simply

calculators but creative means of

expression and Powerful vehicles of

knowledge becomes a reality

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1969 is the end of an era of Hope and

innocence a new decade

begins but that's another story

[Music]