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At the northern end of Africa's
Great Rift Valley lies an area
unlike anywhere on Earth.
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00:00:14,840 --> 00:00:22,640
This is the Danakil Desert in
Ethiopia, perhaps the most
inhospitable place known to man.
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00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:30,000
Volcanoes and earthquakes
continually rip the ground apart,
spewing lava and noxious gases.
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00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:37,960
And this is officially
the hottest place on the
surface of the planet.
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00:00:43,560 --> 00:00:49,200
The idea that anyone would
actually live here seems absurd.
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00:00:49,200 --> 00:00:54,440
And yet there are people
living here, as they have for
thousands of years -
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a legendary nomadic warrior tribe
called the Afar.
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00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:08,120
I am on an incredible journey
with a team of scientists.
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00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:12,960
We hope to discover
how people survive
in this most extreme environment,
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00:01:12,960 --> 00:01:15,960
how their lives
and even their bodies
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00:01:15,960 --> 00:01:18,120
have been shaped
by the land around them.
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00:01:18,120 --> 00:01:21,520
Look at you. You make it
look completely effortless.
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00:01:21,520 --> 00:01:26,520
You need to be on good form in
this environment just to carry on.
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00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:30,080
If you're off, you will die.
Nice and simple.
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00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:36,720
This is a community in the truest
sense of the word, where survival
depends on working together.
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00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:39,600
I love this place. You just
feel part of the family already.
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00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,160
They called me sister today.
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We also want to delve beneath the
surface of this extraordinary land
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00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:52,440
to unlock the secrets
of its tortured geology.
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00:01:54,600 --> 00:01:59,840
It's a journey that has taken us
into the fabric of the Earth,
broken apart by earthquakes.
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00:02:03,840 --> 00:02:07,080
Whoa! You are kidding me!
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00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:11,720
To think this happened overnight.
This is the stuff of Hollywood.
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00:02:11,720 --> 00:02:20,320
The climax of our journey will
take us into the raging volcanoes
that are still shaping this land.
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00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:22,360
Oh, my goodness!
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00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:26,840
No wonder the Afar call this
place "the gateway to hell".
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00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:04,360
Our intrepid team of scientists
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00:03:04,360 --> 00:03:08,920
and explorers has been in Ethiopia
for two weeks, and we have endured
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a punishing trek just to get
to the Danakil Depression,
the hottest place on Earth.
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But we have been welcomed into the
world of the incredible Afar people,
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00:03:23,600 --> 00:03:25,760
who call this place home.
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SPEAKS IN AFAR
That is very nice.
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00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:34,080
Now, in this final phase
of the expedition,
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00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:37,120
we will be learning quite how tough
and demanding
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00:03:37,120 --> 00:03:40,040
living in this remote corner can be.
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00:03:40,040 --> 00:03:46,120
The Afar can only live
in this hostile environment
because of their livestock.
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00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:49,920
This is not normal, OK?
It has got very, very bad diarrhoea.
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00:03:49,920 --> 00:03:52,800
Obviously, if they get diarrhoea,
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00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:54,600
that means they are losing water,
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00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:57,840
and in an environment like that,
that can be very, very serious.
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00:03:57,840 --> 00:03:59,880
Oh, my golly.
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00:03:59,880 --> 00:04:02,520
THEY TALK IN LOCAL LANGUAGE
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00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:06,360
This afternoon has
brought home the brutal truth of it.
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00:04:06,360 --> 00:04:08,640
I have been in other
parts of the world,
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00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,920
and I have held
malnourished, dying children.
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00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:14,240
And it is a terrible, terrible thing.
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00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:20,000
Even the day-to-day
business of living here
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00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:24,720
is proving harder than I expected,
especially for the Afar women.
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00:04:24,720 --> 00:04:27,320
These women don't have a moment
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00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:32,160
to express themselves, to just get
cross, to just throw something out.
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00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:34,000
Maybe we are really spoilt,
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00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:38,440
but we are allowed to shout
and scream and rail against things.
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00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:41,200
And...
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00:04:41,200 --> 00:04:43,960
Oh, it makes me cross.
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00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:52,080
Meanwhile, earth scientist Dougal
will explore the final piece
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of the Danakil's incredible
geological puzzle.
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00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:58,440
This part of Africa is literally
tearing itself apart.
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We have got steaming fissures,
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00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:03,840
active volcanoes
and bubbling lava lakes.
59
00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:09,560
Having mapped an earthquake
fissure in 3D
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00:05:09,560 --> 00:05:13,600
to show how fast the Earth's crust
here is breaking apart...
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00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:16,280
I am happy for you guys. This is
good. This is good stuff.
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00:05:16,280 --> 00:05:17,680
Wow!
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00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:21,680
In one final climactic
go-for-broke venture,
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00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:23,360
Dougal wants to record
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00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:26,000
how far that process
has already gone...
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00:05:27,640 --> 00:05:33,320
by making a 3D record of the
world's largest lava lake
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00:05:33,320 --> 00:05:35,400
from the inside.
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00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:39,200
I want to go face-to-face
with those volcanoes using
the latest 3D technology.
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00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:49,480
As we approach our
final week at Kusru Wad,
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00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:53,840
we have become close enough
to the Afar people to be included
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00:05:53,840 --> 00:05:56,120
in more and more
of their unique culture.
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00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:58,400
And that includes
the local equivalent
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00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:03,360
of a Sunday League kick about, the
Afar's favourite ball game, Korso.
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00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:07,280
Chief Galissa has invited Steve
to play,
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00:06:07,280 --> 00:06:11,200
but first, he is going
to have to figure out the rules.
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00:06:11,200 --> 00:06:13,600
It doesn't have any
rules except to play.
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00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:15,800
There's no rules. Right, OK.
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00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:19,880
The more Steve finds out,
the more this seems like a bad idea.
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00:06:19,880 --> 00:06:24,920
So many people used to die when they
played Korso, so they stopped
playing it. OK!
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00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:30,360
OK, so people died playing Korso?
Yes, kill each other.
81
00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:36,960
Oh, right. OK, that's fine(!)
They killed each other
while playing the game? Yes.
82
00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:41,000
That is a bit of a worry, isn't it?
Is that the object of the game,
to kill the opposition?
83
00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:47,800
No, it is not. But some
people who are playing, they play
roughly, and so if one gets killed
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00:06:47,800 --> 00:06:50,920
they will kill you next time.
By shooting at you. So you...
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00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:54,560
..Shooting at you?!
There's guns involved?
86
00:06:54,560 --> 00:06:57,400
No, guns are not involved,
but if someone dies from you,
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00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:00,760
what will you do to that guy? You
won't leave him. You will kill him.
88
00:07:00,760 --> 00:07:03,240
The brothers...
You could let them just score?
89
00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:06,360
No, you cannot. This is a serious
business, Steve.
90
00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:08,280
But we're going to play gentle today?
91
00:07:08,280 --> 00:07:13,280
Yes, today will be gentle. Good.
But leave the gun at the sideline.
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00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:15,840
THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE TONGUE
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00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:17,920
Yes, he will leave the gun.
That's good.
94
00:07:17,920 --> 00:07:20,960
Maybe I'll get angry in
the middle of the game.
95
00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:26,000
Then we will see him being fierce!
Yeah.
96
00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:30,120
This is going to be quite a
test, and not just for Steve.
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00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:33,960
It's also a chance for Mukul to
see how Steve's body stands up
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00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:37,760
to running in the heat compared
to the local Afar players.
99
00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:40,560
These capsules will allow him
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00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:44,160
to track Steve's temperature,
and cardiac monitors
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00:07:44,160 --> 00:07:48,000
will record his heart rate
during the game,
102
00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:50,560
with Galissa agreeing to
be the local guinea pig.
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00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,720
Two weeks ago,
Mukul did the same test on Steve
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00:07:56,720 --> 00:07:59,360
when he worked
in the salt mines at Dallol.
105
00:08:00,400 --> 00:08:04,440
Then, he wasn't sure if the Afar's
better heat resistance
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00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:08,080
was inbred
or simply the result of living here.
107
00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:11,720
Now,
he is going to get the chance
108
00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:14,000
to see if Steve has become
acclimatised,
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00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:17,240
assuming he survives
long enough to get a reading!
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00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:20,080
I still have absolutely no idea
111
00:08:20,080 --> 00:08:24,360
what the idea is. I have seen a ball
of some sort bounced on the floor.
112
00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:29,160
They seem to be splitting
into two teams here, so...
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00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:30,880
I don't know.
114
00:08:30,880 --> 00:08:34,040
I'll go with the flow to start off
and we'll see where that takes me.
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00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:54,400
I have no idea. You think, rugby,
the breakdown is difficult to
referee. This looks impossible.
116
00:08:54,400 --> 00:08:58,480
That's obviously why you don't have
any rules. You don't need a ref.
117
00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:04,160
What Steve is making up for in lack
of skill, he is doing with size.
He can just pick them all up
118
00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:05,320
under his arm, can't he?
119
00:09:08,680 --> 00:09:12,760
Galissa is well into this.
He is obviously
a past master of this game.
120
00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:25,720
It's a valiant effort on Steve's
part, but he soon develops a limp.
121
00:09:25,720 --> 00:09:28,920
He is coming back. Come on,
hop-along, what have you done?
122
00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:30,960
Have you stood on something?
123
00:09:30,960 --> 00:09:33,840
No, I've just lost
the sole of my foot. That's raw.
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00:09:33,840 --> 00:09:36,680
I've just had to pull a flap off. Ow!
125
00:09:36,680 --> 00:09:40,160
In terms of rules,
I couldn't work it out.
126
00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:42,680
Fortunately,
his career-threatening injury
127
00:09:42,680 --> 00:09:46,200
gives Mukul the chance
to check his vital statistics.
128
00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:48,080
Let's do your temperature.
129
00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:53,040
A rise of just three degrees
is life-threatening.
Four is usually fatal.
130
00:09:54,560 --> 00:09:58,800
Actually you're doing very well.
This hasn't risen a huge amount.
Cool. 37.9.
131
00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:02,880
Steve's core temperature
has gone up only half a degree.
132
00:10:04,400 --> 00:10:06,920
Which is less than two weeks ago.
133
00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:15,680
You guys have only really done 15
minutes worth and have risen
a whole degree to 38 degrees.
134
00:10:15,680 --> 00:10:20,760
It's clear Steve's body has
got better at keeping his core
temperature under control.
135
00:10:20,760 --> 00:10:23,800
But how much more is he
having to sweat to do it?
136
00:10:23,800 --> 00:10:26,200
I'm going to step on the scales
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00:10:26,200 --> 00:10:29,280
and then I'll bathe my feet,
I think.
138
00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:30,960
Ooh... Ow.
139
00:10:30,960 --> 00:10:36,040
That is a bit sore, actually. You've
dropped almost a kilo and a half.
140
00:10:36,040 --> 00:10:39,120
A kilo half, OK?
A litre and a half in 20 minutes.
141
00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:41,360
Three pints in 20 minutes.
142
00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:45,320
That's amazing. That is pretty
impressive. That needs replacing.
143
00:10:45,320 --> 00:10:49,440
Despite his improvement,
this rate of fluid loss could be
144
00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:54,240
seriously damaging if Steve played
the full hour of the Korso match.
145
00:10:54,240 --> 00:10:56,680
So how much has Galissa lost?
146
00:10:56,680 --> 00:10:59,360
You're coming in a
featherweight 54 kilos.
147
00:10:59,360 --> 00:11:04,640
We can see Galissa isn't sweating
anywhere near as much as you. He's
not losing the same amount of fluid.
148
00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:10,280
And Steve's soft Western feet
are no match for the locals either.
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00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:15,360
20 minutes and look at you! You're
feet look like they've been flayed!
150
00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:17,960
I know. I don't think
151
00:11:17,960 --> 00:11:20,920
I could keep up with their
calloused feet I'm afraid.
152
00:11:20,920 --> 00:11:26,320
My little namby-pamby toes just
weren't up to the grade, I'm afraid.
153
00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:29,800
So does Galissa rate
the 20 minute cameo performance?
154
00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:35,080
He says, "I choose him
before I see how he plays."
155
00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:42,200
He has seen many heat and many suns
so your feet is new to this area.
156
00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:48,000
If you go bare foot, like this,
your foot will be Afar foot.
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00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:49,280
Maybe tomorrow!
158
00:11:51,040 --> 00:11:56,000
Thank you for everything this week.
It has been fantastic.
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00:11:57,640 --> 00:12:02,520
Thank you, Galissa. Thank you
for inviting us to your village
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00:12:02,520 --> 00:12:05,560
and for making us feel so welcome.
161
00:12:05,560 --> 00:12:08,800
Let's get you home.
Do you need to be carried?
162
00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:09,880
Ready?
163
00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:12,120
Oh my God!
164
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,800
While we take Steve
away to be patched up,
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00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:18,960
Dougal has begun the final,
climactic leg
of his geological mission -
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00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:23,000
to map the volcano at Erte Ale.
167
00:12:25,560 --> 00:12:30,720
Erta Ale is three days away by car,
but Dougal's found a way
to get a preview
168
00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:34,360
of a phenomenon
he's dreamed of exploring for years.
169
00:12:34,360 --> 00:12:39,880
Well, we've been lucky enough
to get hold of a fixed wing aircraft
for a short period of time.
170
00:12:39,880 --> 00:12:42,560
It will allow us to
actually get up to assess
171
00:12:42,560 --> 00:12:47,040
the current state of Erte Ale and
check that the lava lake's bubbling
away
172
00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:50,640
and that the access
will be good there.
173
00:12:53,680 --> 00:12:56,320
The tiny plane is thrown
around in the super-heated air
174
00:12:56,320 --> 00:13:01,120
rising from the seemingly
endless volcanic landscape.
175
00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:10,160
We can really start to see
some of the volcanic centres
176
00:13:10,160 --> 00:13:14,160
coming through and that's about
40 or 50 kilometres south
177
00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:15,800
of the Erte Ale massif.
178
00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:21,240
Yeah, it's very, very big
from up here.
179
00:13:21,240 --> 00:13:24,360
The Danakil lies on
the Great Rift Valley,
180
00:13:24,360 --> 00:13:28,720
where the edges of two tectonic
plates are slowly moving apart.
181
00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:31,640
This causes the crust
to stretch and thin,
182
00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:35,400
allowing molten magma to force
its way up to the surface.
183
00:13:37,960 --> 00:13:42,480
Just approaching the top
of Erte Ale now. The plane
is jumping all over the place.
184
00:13:42,480 --> 00:13:46,920
I can just about see...
185
00:13:46,920 --> 00:13:52,400
I can just see the crater of Erte
Ale right in front of me now.
186
00:13:52,400 --> 00:13:56,840
Boy, is this good! The lava lake
is bubbling away.
187
00:13:56,840 --> 00:14:01,120
It's low enough. We should be able
to get access to the lava lake.
188
00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:03,760
Oh, wow. You can just see
it steaming away there.
189
00:14:03,760 --> 00:14:06,800
Oh, this is phenomenal. Really good.
190
00:14:09,320 --> 00:14:13,120
How this lava lake is developing
will help determine how thin the
Earth's crust
191
00:14:13,120 --> 00:14:16,960
has become. What Dougal describes
192
00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:20,640
as a weeping wound
in the broken skin of the Earth.
193
00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:31,000
That is Erte Ale volcano,
the oldest known lava lake
on the planet just there.
194
00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:36,680
All Dougal has to do now
is get him,
195
00:14:36,680 --> 00:14:41,760
his team and the 3D mapping kit
into that live crater.
196
00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:50,440
Back in the village,
the day-to-day survival
197
00:14:50,440 --> 00:14:53,960
of the Afar people
rests on their livestock
198
00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:58,200
and Steve's
found a way to say thank you to
the Afar for their hospitality.
199
00:14:58,200 --> 00:15:02,080
They have little or no veterinary
care for their precious animals,
200
00:15:02,080 --> 00:15:04,720
so he's offered to run
a camel clinic.
201
00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:07,040
Another day, another camel.
202
00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:08,560
Here we go.
203
00:15:08,560 --> 00:15:11,000
His first patient
is a camel with a sore hump.
204
00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,880
Ssh! Ssh! Ssh!
205
00:15:13,880 --> 00:15:16,920
It looks like there's teeth
marks here and there, basically.
206
00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:21,840
Yeah, it was bitten by a camel.
Males have to compete for females.
They often will bite each other.
207
00:15:21,840 --> 00:15:25,080
Big sharp canines as well.
Built for fighting.
208
00:15:25,080 --> 00:15:28,160
And their mouths are not
the cleanest of places.
209
00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:32,880
What we need to do is we
need to clean this up and
have a look at it and see.
210
00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:37,160
But something tells me
the camel's not going to like this.
211
00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:39,720
We've got it muzzled.
It can probably still head-butt me.
212
00:15:39,720 --> 00:15:43,320
But, em, they've tied its back
legs, they've tied its front legs
213
00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:45,520
and we'll just take it
nice and slowly.
214
00:15:55,120 --> 00:15:57,000
I think we've found the sore spot.
215
00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:02,800
For this infection to heal,
the camel needs a shot of
antibiotics and plenty of rest.
216
00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:08,680
One of the things
they want to do is get this animal
back to performing quickly.
217
00:16:08,680 --> 00:16:11,600
This is not a pet, this is an
animal that has a job to do.
218
00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:15,440
Injuries are serious
for working animals,
219
00:16:15,440 --> 00:16:19,880
but the major threat to these
invaluable creatures
is disease and bacteria.
220
00:16:19,880 --> 00:16:21,880
Where's our other camel?
221
00:16:21,880 --> 00:16:23,920
No, it's not normal.
222
00:16:23,920 --> 00:16:26,000
This is not normal? OK.
223
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,880
He's obviously got
very, very bad diarrhoea. Obviously,
if they get diarrhoea,
224
00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:35,920
that means they're losing water
and in an environment like that,
that can be very, very serious.
225
00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:40,800
But treating animals
in these conditions
is no easy task for Steve.
226
00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:42,600
I had no idea what to expect.
227
00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:45,880
It was a bit of a leap into the
deep end. Unfamiliar species.
228
00:16:45,880 --> 00:16:49,720
Then the lack of laboratory
equipment and everything else.
229
00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:51,560
I don't know what bacteria are here.
230
00:16:51,560 --> 00:16:55,240
I can't do any blood cultures.
I can't do anything here.
231
00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:59,120
So I've really realised
that I'm reduced to the state
of a layman almost.
232
00:16:59,120 --> 00:17:01,880
I can get little
bits of information.
233
00:17:01,880 --> 00:17:06,200
The Afar here have never had
access to Western medicine
234
00:17:06,200 --> 00:17:10,840
so have developed their own methods
of traditional healing
for their animals.
235
00:17:10,840 --> 00:17:14,800
Steve, this is Abdul, he is an Afar
traditional healer.
236
00:17:14,800 --> 00:17:17,960
He is an elder around here. OK.
237
00:17:17,960 --> 00:17:22,000
So what would you treat
this camel with?
238
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:25,400
THEY TALK IN NATIVE TONGUE
239
00:17:25,400 --> 00:17:30,560
There's a tree, he says. I will
milk a camel, mix it together
and I'll put it in his mouth.
240
00:17:30,560 --> 00:17:32,760
The bad things will go.
241
00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:36,560
But as well as plants,
the traditional healer uses some
stranger treatments,
242
00:17:36,560 --> 00:17:39,480
including cutting their ears.
243
00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:43,200
He says,
if I see him crazy running round,
244
00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:47,000
they cut a small amount
of the ear. And what does that do?
245
00:17:51,880 --> 00:17:53,880
He becomes a little bit quiet
246
00:17:53,880 --> 00:17:57,520
and knows that something is with him.
247
00:17:57,520 --> 00:17:59,560
Ah! OK. OK, that's interesting.
248
00:17:59,560 --> 00:18:04,800
That's an interesting way forward.
It doesn't surprise me that
there are traditional treatments.
249
00:18:04,800 --> 00:18:09,280
What's interesting is it seems to be
a combination of some things
that could prove to be very useful
250
00:18:09,280 --> 00:18:14,040
like the plants and seed remedies.
But coupled with that,
you do get these strange...
251
00:18:14,040 --> 00:18:17,080
You know, the cutting of the ear and
this sort of thing - don't have
252
00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:21,640
any therapeutic benefit at all, but
it's not for me to judge that here.
253
00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:28,240
But it's not just animals that
are treated with traditional
methods like cutting.
254
00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:32,880
Team doctor Mukul and I have
found they're also used on people.
255
00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:39,000
Will you show me Aisha's leg? Show me
what's the matter with it.
256
00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:43,680
We've been joined by Australian
nurse Valerie Browning,
257
00:18:43,680 --> 00:18:46,000
who's lived and worked with
the Afar people
258
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,160
for 20 years and
conducts regular clinics of her own.
259
00:18:53,160 --> 00:18:54,640
Big scars. What...?
260
00:18:59,080 --> 00:19:01,200
She said
she had a huge infection here
261
00:19:01,200 --> 00:19:06,960
and this is burning and that
helped to get all the pus out.
262
00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:10,160
By burning or cutting the skin,
263
00:19:10,160 --> 00:19:12,760
some Afar believe they destroy
what they think
264
00:19:12,760 --> 00:19:18,800
is the bad blood that causes
illness. Though not everyone
here is convinced.
265
00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:20,800
Did any of these help, do you think?
266
00:19:20,800 --> 00:19:25,160
THEY TALK IN NATIVE TONGUE
267
00:19:25,160 --> 00:19:29,600
He said, "What help is this?"
He said, "No, it didn't help
her at all." He's quite angry.
268
00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:42,160
He said that this is nonsense.
Just total nonsense.
It can only make her sicker.
269
00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:45,440
As well as dealing
with these ancient traditions,
270
00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:48,880
Valerie and her health
workers have an uphill battle
271
00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:51,480
to diagnose and treat patients
like Aisha.
272
00:19:51,480 --> 00:19:56,520
I mean, is there anything obvious
that you would know about that
these symptoms would match?
273
00:19:56,520 --> 00:20:01,680
The only thing I've come across,
I remember reading about, a
condition called brucellosis.
274
00:20:01,680 --> 00:20:05,760
And it's linked
to unpasteurised milk.
275
00:20:05,760 --> 00:20:09,160
Brucellosis is a disease that can
infect the central nervous system
276
00:20:09,160 --> 00:20:12,320
and is caught from bacteria
in animal's milk.
277
00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:13,640
It's rife in this region
278
00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:19,640
and Steve has found several cases of
it in the goats in Kusru Wad.
279
00:20:19,640 --> 00:20:23,440
Brucellosis would be
considered a very serious disease.
280
00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:29,320
We are told about a lot of this
stuff in the UK because it
is of historical importance.
281
00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:33,200
But out here, it's still
going on, on a day-to-day basis.
282
00:20:33,200 --> 00:20:37,640
And you know, some of these
diseases could have a
real impact on people's lives.
283
00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:44,560
The Afars' precarious existence
relies entirely on the milk and
meat they get from their animals.
284
00:20:44,560 --> 00:20:50,160
Yet these same animals are passing
life-threatening diseases
back to them.
285
00:20:50,160 --> 00:20:54,560
You need to be on good form in
this environment just to carry on.
286
00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:56,640
If you're off,
287
00:20:56,640 --> 00:21:00,960
you can't walk, you can't collect
water, you can't herd you animals.
288
00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:03,400
You will die. Nice and simple.
289
00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:20,680
As our last week progresses, I'm
slowly building up a picture of the
Afar's existence.
290
00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:26,520
It's the women I feel closest to,
yet I still don't feel like I
am really able to talk to them.
291
00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:32,480
It's made more difficult by the fact
that our translators are all male.
292
00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:36,320
But now we have Valerie with us,
I'm hoping that may change.
293
00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:40,320
Hi. Let's go.. OK.
294
00:21:40,320 --> 00:21:44,640
It's such a pleasure to be here with
somebody like you who, you know...
295
00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:48,920
you're a perfect bridge between
the two sides - me and them.
296
00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:52,720
Married to an Afar elder,
Valerie has dedicated herself
297
00:21:52,720 --> 00:21:56,920
to helping the people get
access to health and education.
298
00:21:56,920 --> 00:22:01,560
And now she's able to get me closer
to the heart of this very
alien culture.
299
00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:06,840
Our idea of kind of privacy
and personal space just goes
completely out of the window.
300
00:22:06,840 --> 00:22:10,840
In Afar society, there
is no private space. I mean,
I don't even have my own bed.
301
00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:12,760
I don't even have my own comb.
302
00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:13,880
Really? Not possible.
303
00:22:16,520 --> 00:22:19,440
One of the women in the
village is expecting a baby
304
00:22:19,440 --> 00:22:25,680
and Valerie is going to help me
find out just how they cope
with pregnancy and childbirth.
305
00:22:25,680 --> 00:22:30,920
A lot of women are very excited at
this time. Is she excited about it?
306
00:22:30,920 --> 00:22:33,600
Is this something that she's
really looking forward to?
307
00:22:37,920 --> 00:22:42,120
She said, "Yes, I'm happy." I asked
her did she want a boy or a girl.
308
00:22:42,120 --> 00:22:44,400
She said, "Well,
309
00:22:44,400 --> 00:22:48,440
"the girls are good, the boys are
good." Will she be getting nervous?
310
00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:52,320
Is there that sort of
concept of fear?
311
00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:00,040
She says, "No, I don't have
any fear."
312
00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:07,400
She's incredibly calm, but I can't
help wondering how she'll cope
with little to no medical back-up.
313
00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:14,240
With the delivery, are there any
cultural practices particular
to the Afar that go on?
314
00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:17,000
In terms of delivery, there are.
315
00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:24,480
They believe that the bladder
and the uterus is joining, so
the mother in labour shouldn't have
316
00:23:24,480 --> 00:23:30,280
any food or drink. Traditionally,
they don't breast feed
for 72 hours.
317
00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:39,080
My initial feeling
is completely polarised. You know,
318
00:23:39,080 --> 00:23:45,600
on the one hand, there is this
extraordinary feeling of warmth
and support, and I can't imagine
319
00:23:45,600 --> 00:23:49,040
a kind of lovelier way to
bring a child into the world.
320
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:56,080
But, equally, that woman that
we were sitting there with,
she could be dead next week.
321
00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:58,800
These women
don't know any different.
322
00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:02,040
This is what generations of women
have gone through
323
00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:05,040
when they're expecting a child,
so they have just got to
324
00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:08,040
bite onto that cloth
and grin and bear it.
325
00:24:15,520 --> 00:24:18,280
Southeast of us, on the road to
the Erte Ale volcano,
326
00:24:18,280 --> 00:24:21,240
the science team have stayed
their first night
327
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:25,000
on the shores of one of Ethiopia's
great salt lakes -
328
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:26,120
Afdera.
329
00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:31,040
This was once part
of a massive inland sea,
330
00:24:31,040 --> 00:24:36,480
now it's a highly saline lake,
170 metres below sea level
331
00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,920
and still sinking.
332
00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:43,040
The water feeding into the lake
is super-heated
333
00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:46,200
and shows how close they're getting
to the volcanic magma
334
00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:48,680
beneath the Earth's surface.
335
00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:55,120
But there's no time
to stop and explore
336
00:24:55,120 --> 00:24:57,200
and the team
is soon on the road again.
337
00:24:57,200 --> 00:24:59,800
The increasingly rough terrain
338
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:02,320
means it will take them
another two days
339
00:25:02,320 --> 00:25:05,160
of hard driving
to get to the base of the crater.
340
00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:18,160
Back in Kusru Wad,
I'm getting a sense of how demanding
life for a woman here can be.
341
00:25:18,160 --> 00:25:22,960
I want to know what they think
about how they're treated in this
very male-dominated society.
342
00:25:22,960 --> 00:25:26,520
So far, they've been
reluctant to speak openly.
343
00:25:26,520 --> 00:25:32,760
Now, with the men out of sight,
Galissa's wife Myram has agreed to
talk to me. But we haven't got long.
344
00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:37,840
I know that you have talked about
345
00:25:37,840 --> 00:25:43,760
sometimes women getting very
stressed and worried about marriage,
346
00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:47,200
because they go into it
with so little knowledge.
347
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:50,440
Did Myram's mother explain
348
00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:53,120
anything to her about...
349
00:25:53,120 --> 00:25:58,560
about what it was like to be a wife
and the prospect of having
sex for the first time?
350
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:02,000
THEY SPEAK IN NATIVE TONGUE
351
00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:06,480
She said, "It's the same for
everybody in the world." She said,
352
00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,440
"The man's body is the thing
that makes you scared." Yeah.
353
00:26:09,440 --> 00:26:14,200
Yeah. She said,
"You're very frightened,
you can't be anything else."
354
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:18,880
Talking about sex is a taboo here
and, within a matter of minutes,
355
00:26:18,880 --> 00:26:22,400
the men have got wind
of our conversation.
356
00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:33,280
It would be great
if these men weren't here.
357
00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:41,840
They're standing here
quite deliberately.
358
00:26:41,840 --> 00:26:43,360
Yeah.
359
00:26:48,560 --> 00:26:55,240
I'm so close to finding out
how these women really feel,
but the men are going nowhere.
360
00:26:55,240 --> 00:26:57,240
Shall we go inside,
would that be better?
361
00:27:05,440 --> 00:27:09,640
They say these men will try
and listen to every word.
362
00:27:09,640 --> 00:27:11,280
I know.
363
00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:14,320
I know. And it's going to
completely compromise her.
364
00:27:14,320 --> 00:27:16,280
I don't want to do that.
365
00:27:16,280 --> 00:27:21,840
The tension can be cut with a knife
and I have no choice but to give up,
366
00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,120
for fear of compromising Myram's
position within the community.
367
00:27:25,120 --> 00:27:30,600
But this deliberate intimidation
has really got under my skin.
368
00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:34,080
There's men everywhere just
listening in... "Don't you dare.
369
00:27:34,080 --> 00:27:36,360
"Don't you dare give away
our secrets."
370
00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:39,520
These women don't have a moment
371
00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:44,800
to express themselves, to just get
cross, to just throw something out.
372
00:27:44,800 --> 00:27:48,640
Maybe we're really spoilt but,
you know, we're allowed to shout
373
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:51,160
and scream and rail
against things, and...
374
00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:52,520
and...
375
00:27:53,920 --> 00:27:55,560
Oh, it makes me cross.
376
00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:09,280
Just incredible women, and it would
have been really nice
377
00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:13,040
to be able to leave here
378
00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:16,680
feeling that we'd been able
to properly represent them.
379
00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:22,840
It's so frustrating.
380
00:28:26,080 --> 00:28:30,280
As a Western woman, I'm finding it
very hard to accept
381
00:28:30,280 --> 00:28:35,000
how little control Afar women have
over their daily lives.
382
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:39,040
I'd like to do more to at
least give them a voice,
383
00:28:39,040 --> 00:28:42,680
but my concerns are suddenly
overshadowed by events
384
00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:45,320
elsewhere in the village.
385
00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:47,440
CHILDREN CRY
386
00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,440
News that Mukul is conducting
387
00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:54,800
daily health clinics
has spread far and fast.
388
00:28:54,800 --> 00:28:58,600
And while he struggles to cope with
the sudden demand,
389
00:28:58,600 --> 00:29:04,440
a family arrives, having walked
more than five hours in the heat,
390
00:29:04,440 --> 00:29:07,800
hoping that he will be
able save their malnourished child.
391
00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:14,120
So when this lad does any
running around, does he
get very short of breath?
392
00:29:20,240 --> 00:29:24,600
He said, "If he goes from here
to the door, he'll fall over.
He can't do it."
393
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:27,400
He's got a very loud heart murmur..
394
00:29:27,400 --> 00:29:30,000
Has he? Oh, my golly.
395
00:29:30,000 --> 00:29:35,120
It's not Syed's diet that's
the problem. It's his heart.
396
00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:40,560
His heart is not working
as efficiently as it might
to pump the blood around.
397
00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:44,080
And he's working hard all the time,
it's like jogging all the time.
398
00:29:44,080 --> 00:29:50,800
Mukul is distraught that with only
his limited field kit, there's
no way he's able to treat Syed.
399
00:29:50,800 --> 00:29:53,400
This afternoon has
brought home the brutal truth of it.
400
00:29:55,600 --> 00:29:58,880
What must that be like for a parent
401
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:03,080
to see your child dying and not
be able to do anything about it?
402
00:30:03,080 --> 00:30:04,960
It's a terrible, terrible thing.
403
00:30:04,960 --> 00:30:12,800
The normal reality of life
in the Danakil is that death
is often not very far away.
404
00:30:17,120 --> 00:30:21,040
Except for Syed
this week is different.
405
00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:23,880
Because Valerie is
here and has transport,
406
00:30:23,880 --> 00:30:29,720
she will be able to take him to
the nearest specialist hospital,
more than 500 kilometres away.
407
00:30:29,720 --> 00:30:32,840
And there's even room for Ayisha.
408
00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:37,200
She's taking with her Ayisha the
little girl who has the infection
409
00:30:37,200 --> 00:30:40,320
in her hip and Syed the toddler
with the hole in the heart.
410
00:30:40,320 --> 00:30:44,200
For the very first time they're
going to be leaving the village,
with their families,
411
00:30:44,200 --> 00:30:46,880
to get the treatment that hopefully
will save their lives.
412
00:30:46,880 --> 00:30:48,880
We're going to go and pick them up.
413
00:30:48,880 --> 00:30:56,360
'This is an incredible opportunity
for these children, one never
usually available to the Afar.'
414
00:30:56,360 --> 00:31:00,400
But while Ayisha and her family are
excited, the parents of Syed,
415
00:31:00,400 --> 00:31:03,880
the boy with heart problem,
are having second thoughts.
416
00:31:06,640 --> 00:31:10,520
Syed's parents have never
left their village and are so
417
00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:13,720
afraid of the outside world
that they're not sure they can go.
418
00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:17,680
A decision that could cost
their son his life.
419
00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:26,600
But in Afar culture there
is a strict social structure,
where the elders make the decisions.
420
00:31:28,680 --> 00:31:33,320
She was humming and ha-ing and
he turned to her and said,
I'm ordering you to go.
421
00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:36,360
Right. This is the way
they do it in Afar culture. Right.
422
00:31:36,360 --> 00:31:40,800
So does this mean now that she and
the child will come with you today?
423
00:31:40,800 --> 00:31:42,240
Yeah.
424
00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:55,480
In a way, it's the thing that we
have so completely lost in the West
which is that absolute respect
425
00:31:55,480 --> 00:32:01,120
for the elder members of the
community, whether you're directly
related to them or not.
426
00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:05,600
If that elder of the village speaks,
you have to do what they say
427
00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:10,320
unquestioningly
and that's what happened.
428
00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:14,080
With the decision made, the parents
have just a couple of minutes
429
00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:16,960
to gather their belongings
and say their goodbyes.
430
00:32:23,480 --> 00:32:26,720
OK, let's go, we've got to fly.
We've got to reach this loggia.
431
00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:30,520
For Syed and his parents
it's a journey into the unknown
432
00:32:30,520 --> 00:32:33,440
but hopefully one that will save
his life.
433
00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:35,000
I'll see you. Goodbye.
434
00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:38,720
'This has really highlighted
the dilemma of our contact
with the Afar.
435
00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:42,360
'How far should we get involved?
436
00:32:42,360 --> 00:32:46,240
'Many of the traditions
I've witnessed look unfair
437
00:32:46,240 --> 00:32:48,800
'and hard on the women especially,
438
00:32:48,800 --> 00:32:52,320
'but the strict
social order has a proven value.
439
00:32:52,320 --> 00:32:54,080
'It helps them to survive.'
440
00:32:56,840 --> 00:33:02,480
That little boy would certainly die
if they hadn't made that decision
and sent him away from the village.
441
00:33:16,560 --> 00:33:18,360
Bye-bye, Fatima.
442
00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:24,840
Having said my goodbyes to Valerie
and the kids, it's time for all of
us to take our leave of Kusru Wad.
443
00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:28,800
Because we're heading off to join
Dougal for the last great stage of
444
00:33:28,800 --> 00:33:31,960
his science mission
at the Erte Ale volcano...
445
00:33:34,960 --> 00:33:39,240
..where we will help
him create the first-ever 3D model
446
00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:41,480
of the inside of the crater,
447
00:33:41,480 --> 00:33:43,640
so that scientists the world over
448
00:33:43,640 --> 00:33:47,360
understand how the Earth's
crust here is breaking apart.
449
00:33:56,000 --> 00:33:59,720
The next morning,
we're off at first light.
450
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:02,560
We're aiming to meet up
with the science team
451
00:34:02,560 --> 00:34:06,640
who've spent two days driving up
from the salt lake at Afdera.
452
00:34:10,680 --> 00:34:18,040
And after hours squashed into hot
sweaty 4x4s, the whole team
is together again at last.
453
00:34:22,440 --> 00:34:25,160
But our fun doesn't last long.
454
00:34:25,160 --> 00:34:28,200
Erte Ale base camp is
still a long way off.
455
00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:31,440
Will we miss the dust,
the sandstorms and the whirlwinds?
456
00:34:31,440 --> 00:34:35,640
I doubt it. We're heading that way
to the base of Erte Ale.
457
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:38,360
There we'll be camping on lava,
a very different thing.
458
00:34:38,360 --> 00:34:40,360
It's the final leg of our adventure.
459
00:34:45,320 --> 00:34:49,960
Rumbling along at ten kilometres
an hour over the unrelenting lava
460
00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:55,000
fields, it takes two bone-shaking
hours to reach base camp.
461
00:34:59,520 --> 00:35:04,320
We're now at the base camp
for Erte Ale and the whole
team are back together.
462
00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:07,600
You can see them in the
background all catching up.
"What have you been up to?
463
00:35:07,600 --> 00:35:10,240
And just over there is our goal.
464
00:35:10,240 --> 00:35:13,400
There is Erte Ale, smoking away
and tomorrow morning,
465
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:17,280
we're going to leave before the sun
comes up, walk through the grass.
466
00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:22,640
Grass! There's a novelty! Past
the trees, my goodness, all these
things we haven't seen for ten days.
467
00:35:22,640 --> 00:35:26,520
And across the lava flow, up to the
summit where we will spend a couple
468
00:35:26,520 --> 00:35:33,240
of nights, but for the moment it's
just really nice being down here,
no dust and a wonderful view.
469
00:35:34,200 --> 00:35:38,320
This is great, I love lava, me!
470
00:35:38,320 --> 00:35:43,440
I've just got so sick of the dust
and the dirt down in the river bed,
just a change of scene.
471
00:35:43,440 --> 00:35:47,120
I'm sure I'll grow to
hate it just as much
472
00:35:47,120 --> 00:35:52,640
over the next few days, because it's
a bit unsteady underfoot and my feet
still need a bit of time to recover.
473
00:35:52,640 --> 00:35:59,640
'For Dougal, waiting until
tomorrow to start the ascent is
almost more than he can bear.'
474
00:35:59,640 --> 00:36:04,200
I'm raring to go. I'm off on the
camel, I'm just going to get off on
one about midnight,
475
00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:08,560
I'll sneak around,
make sure everyone's asleep
and I'll see you guys up there.
476
00:36:09,600 --> 00:36:15,440
If Dougal can be restrained,
tomorrow should be a big day
for all of us.
477
00:36:35,080 --> 00:36:39,240
It's a pre-dawn start again,
as we are anxious to complete
478
00:36:39,240 --> 00:36:44,440
the 18-kilometre trek before the
scorching midday sun takes its toll.
479
00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:55,040
The sun's just come up
over the lava here
480
00:36:55,040 --> 00:36:57,920
and we're starting
to get our first proper views
481
00:36:57,920 --> 00:36:59,880
of this astonishing landscape.
482
00:36:59,880 --> 00:37:04,000
It's absolutely beautiful and
lovely to be walking again.
483
00:37:09,080 --> 00:37:12,960
As we approach the summit,
we find ourselves surrounded by
484
00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:18,000
clearer and clearer evidence of the
volcanic turmoil beneath our feet.
485
00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:20,040
You think you've got spot problems,
486
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:22,520
but all away along the top
of this lava skin,
487
00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:26,040
you can see these big,
rippled-up spot-like features.
488
00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:28,800
You've got broken crusts of the skin
of the lava,
489
00:37:28,800 --> 00:37:31,440
these are literally
the zits of the lava world.
490
00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:36,080
All away along this top surface,
you've got these little pock-marks
pushing their way through.
491
00:37:36,080 --> 00:37:38,800
This is over-pressured lava,
pushing up through the skin,
492
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:41,760
just like a spot on the top on
the skin surface of the lava.
493
00:37:41,760 --> 00:37:46,440
And
it erupts and pours a little bit of
lava out and that's your spot gone.
494
00:37:50,960 --> 00:37:55,400
Here we've found a big, solid
block that's actually broken
through the crust of this lava.
495
00:37:55,400 --> 00:37:57,800
There's an even bigger
one behind me there.
496
00:37:57,800 --> 00:37:59,840
These are volcanic bombs.
497
00:37:59,840 --> 00:38:02,920
That means there's been an
explosive eruption on the volcano.
498
00:38:02,920 --> 00:38:06,560
So occasionally, when the volcanic
system gets bunged up, it's almost
499
00:38:06,560 --> 00:38:09,720
like your nose is getting bunged up,
your sinuses.
500
00:38:09,720 --> 00:38:15,000
And eventually it breaks through,
you erupt and you blow stuff
out the top of the volcano.
501
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:18,400
These things will have been
ejected high up into the sky
502
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,040
and will have fallen down
to the ground with a bang.
503
00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:31,800
At last we find ourselves
on the home straight
to the summit of Erte Ale.
504
00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:37,680
After weeks of illness, hardship
and strain, baking
under the Ethiopian sun,
505
00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:42,080
we've finally reached
the climax of our science mission.
506
00:38:56,280 --> 00:38:59,960
It's huge. I feel like
I've just come to another planet.
507
00:38:59,960 --> 00:39:02,000
It's like a total moonscape.
508
00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:05,040
You can almost imagine a T-rex
hoving into view,
509
00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:07,160
or a pterodactyl swooping down.
510
00:39:07,160 --> 00:39:09,960
This is the land that time forgot.
511
00:39:09,960 --> 00:39:14,200
Wow. This whole rim round the side
must be the outer rim of the
volcano.
512
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:18,680
Right. And this stuff in the middle
has sort of collapsed down.
513
00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:24,680
When the volcano built up
and erupted for the first time,
the centre bit would have collapsed.
514
00:39:24,680 --> 00:39:27,640
There are two
pits inside the great outer crater.
515
00:39:27,640 --> 00:39:33,800
The north pit is constantly belching
clouds of poisonous gas and is
what gives this place its name.
516
00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:36,520
Erte Ale means smoking mountain.
517
00:39:38,880 --> 00:39:42,040
But we're
heading for the south crater.
518
00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:48,160
It has an even deeper
central crater,
with a more sinister reputation.
519
00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:52,360
The Afar people believe it to be
the gateway to hell.
520
00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:56,080
Isn't it madness to be going
up to a live volcano?
521
00:39:56,080 --> 00:39:59,720
Surely this is the thing
that people flee from?
522
00:39:59,720 --> 00:40:03,800
Yeah. In some cases, we are
a little bit crazy going to them,
523
00:40:03,800 --> 00:40:08,200
but this is the type of volcano that
you can actually get some access to.
524
00:40:08,200 --> 00:40:11,280
Crazy or not, it is possible
to reach the inner rim,
525
00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:15,320
the perfect location to scan the
whole of the inside of the crater.
526
00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:20,360
We just have to cross a sea
of cooled lava to get there.
527
00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:23,280
The key is to be organised and to
plan ahead and to make sure
528
00:40:23,280 --> 00:40:25,720
that everything that happens
is predetermined
529
00:40:25,720 --> 00:40:28,360
and that things are not happening
quickly and out of control.
530
00:40:28,360 --> 00:40:30,200
Mack and Andy have made
this route safe.
531
00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:32,240
They've fixed the rope
down to the bottom.
532
00:40:32,240 --> 00:40:36,120
Now they have to prospect a
route across the lava, because
it's quite soft on the surface.
533
00:40:36,120 --> 00:40:40,920
Finding the right route
is the key to making this safe.
534
00:40:40,920 --> 00:40:42,880
This isn't solid rock.
535
00:40:42,880 --> 00:40:49,200
Beneath our feet
lava flows have left giant hollow
caverns lined with jagged rocks.
536
00:40:49,200 --> 00:40:54,360
We're about to walk across the
fragile roofs of these lava tubes,
but with a route marked out,
537
00:40:54,360 --> 00:40:59,400
we tentatively make our
way down to the inner rim.
538
00:41:04,120 --> 00:41:08,920
As we step gingerly on to the lava,
I'm constantly reminded
539
00:41:08,920 --> 00:41:13,880
of how fragile this surface is
by the sound of crunching feet.
540
00:41:13,880 --> 00:41:20,320
But soon all I can hear is what
sounds like waves on a beach.
There's the lower ledge.
541
00:41:22,600 --> 00:41:24,880
Oh, my God, look at that.
542
00:41:24,880 --> 00:41:26,400
Oh, my God.
543
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:33,440
Oh, my goodness.
544
00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:46,000
'What sounds like the roar of
an ocean is in fact liquid rock.'
545
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:49,840
Fantastic. Listen to that noise.
There's a bubble! Look at that!
546
00:41:58,520 --> 00:42:01,480
That's liquid rock.
547
00:42:01,480 --> 00:42:05,640
That's what I'm really
struggling to get my head round.
That is liquid rock.
548
00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:09,000
It's exactly the same as what we're
standing on. Now it's quite hard,
549
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:14,040
but there it's molten rock.
Yeah. You can see how people have
mythologies around volcanoes.
550
00:42:14,040 --> 00:42:15,840
That is just not of this world.
551
00:42:15,840 --> 00:42:18,640
That is insane. Oh my word. Oh! Ooh!
552
00:42:18,640 --> 00:42:20,840
That's hot.
553
00:42:20,840 --> 00:42:23,120
And the stink of it as well.
554
00:42:23,120 --> 00:42:27,280
Is anyone else... Is it me just
imagining it, or do your feet feel
really hot?
555
00:42:27,280 --> 00:42:29,200
Yeah, yeah.
556
00:42:29,200 --> 00:42:32,040
You can feel the glow on your face.
557
00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:36,920
How do you know this isn't going
to blow? Well, I don't actually.
558
00:42:45,640 --> 00:42:47,480
I can't believe how active it is.
559
00:42:47,480 --> 00:42:50,920
Funnily enough it started bubbling
just as we walked up, almost as
560
00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:54,200
though it could sense us coming.
It's a bit like a pressure release.
561
00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:59,000
you open the top slightly on
a fizzy pop bottle and the gas
562
00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:03,040
starts to come out and that's what's
happening here, down in the crater.
563
00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:05,760
'It's not very often
you see something
564
00:43:05,760 --> 00:43:08,440
'that literally takes
your breath away.
565
00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:12,960
'But I'm completely overcome by
the might of this natural wonder.'
566
00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:14,920
I think probably all of us
567
00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:19,360
understood why the Afar think that
this is the gateway to hell.
568
00:43:19,360 --> 00:43:24,080
Because that's the only
imagery that I can think of that's
569
00:43:24,080 --> 00:43:27,920
anything like this, those sort
of storybook pictures of hell.
570
00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:30,040
That is wicked.
That is absolutely brilliant.
571
00:43:30,040 --> 00:43:33,640
I'm going home and painting my
bedroom black and orange.
572
00:43:33,640 --> 00:43:35,680
The 12-year-boy in me comes out.
573
00:43:35,680 --> 00:43:38,480
I want to stick things
in it and see if it burns.
574
00:43:41,840 --> 00:43:46,760
We've planned a two-stage assault
on the active part of the lava lake.
575
00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:50,440
First the climbing team will
rig a steel cable over the pit...
576
00:43:50,440 --> 00:43:52,280
Mark, do you read?
577
00:43:52,280 --> 00:43:54,640
..150 metres across.
578
00:43:57,240 --> 00:44:00,840
This will then be used to
lower the heavy test equipment
579
00:44:00,840 --> 00:44:02,840
on to the cooled crater floor.
580
00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:06,800
Meanwhile Dougal will abseil down
on to the lower shelf
581
00:44:06,800 --> 00:44:10,360
where hopefully he'll be able
to get a decent scan.
582
00:44:11,360 --> 00:44:16,840
But we're overlooking how long
all this is going to take.
583
00:44:16,840 --> 00:44:20,880
In all the excitement of getting
here, we neglected to make camp
584
00:44:20,880 --> 00:44:27,240
and now, with the sun high in the
sky, the welfare of the team must
take priority over the science.
585
00:44:27,240 --> 00:44:31,480
We should have nailed this
early-doors, but everyone was,
"Ooh," excited about the volcano.
586
00:44:31,480 --> 00:44:36,560
So temperatures are slightly rising
along with the ambient temperature.
587
00:44:36,560 --> 00:44:40,600
But I think we're getting there now.
I'll go and chill out in the shade.
588
00:44:41,280 --> 00:44:44,080
It was quite a logistical
feat, getting all our camera
589
00:44:44,080 --> 00:44:48,120
equipment which is here, and then
all our sort of personal stuff,
590
00:44:48,120 --> 00:44:51,520
which is scattered around because
we haven't had time to sort it out
591
00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:54,600
up here, 45 camels' worth of kit,
we've got,
592
00:44:54,600 --> 00:44:57,160
all had to be brought up, unloaded.
593
00:44:57,160 --> 00:45:02,560
And of course the camels can't
stay up here because there isn't
a thing for them to eat or drink.
594
00:45:02,560 --> 00:45:07,440
'But the camels brought us what we
need to make camp here for a couple
595
00:45:07,440 --> 00:45:12,240
'of days, long enough to do the job
thoroughly and above all safely.
596
00:45:12,240 --> 00:45:17,880
'And it also gives us the chance to
take a good look at the volcano
597
00:45:17,880 --> 00:45:20,200
'at the best possible time...
598
00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:21,720
'In the dark.'
599
00:45:31,360 --> 00:45:35,320
Mesmerising!
It's much more active now, isn't it?
600
00:45:35,320 --> 00:45:41,040
I think a lot of it is that you can't
see the incandescent glow when it's
daylight.
601
00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:06,200
It's day two down here at the
volcano, and after a frantic day
yesterday
602
00:46:06,200 --> 00:46:09,960
of rigging and recce-ing,
the real business can start today.
603
00:46:09,960 --> 00:46:14,240
Dougal and Steve are going to be
scanning the volcano to try and
604
00:46:14,240 --> 00:46:15,920
build up an amazing 3D map of it,
605
00:46:15,920 --> 00:46:18,320
something that's never been done
before.
606
00:46:18,320 --> 00:46:21,000
We've got a big day ahead of us.
607
00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:27,680
'To create a detailed 3D image,
geologist Steve has been placing
reflectors around the rim.
608
00:46:27,680 --> 00:46:30,720
'The scanner uses
these reference points
609
00:46:30,720 --> 00:46:34,640
'to piece together the 3D model
from the high definition imagery.'
610
00:46:34,640 --> 00:46:36,880
How are you getting on, Steve?
611
00:46:36,880 --> 00:46:39,240
We're getting on OK
at the moment actually.
612
00:46:39,240 --> 00:46:42,880
We've got ten reflectors to put out
in total and we've managed to get
613
00:46:42,880 --> 00:46:46,560
three of them right up to the edge so
far, so we're just slowly working
614
00:46:46,560 --> 00:46:49,680
our way around and in half
an hour or so, we should be done.
615
00:46:49,680 --> 00:46:54,280
As the last reflectors are put in
place, Dougal is getting the camera
616
00:46:54,280 --> 00:46:57,320
ready to scan this first part
of the 3D model,
617
00:46:57,320 --> 00:46:59,960
the outside edge of the crater.
618
00:46:59,960 --> 00:47:00,960
It's secure.
619
00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:04,640
This is going to be absolutely
amazing if we pull this off.
620
00:47:05,680 --> 00:47:11,800
To make the full 3D model, however,
he'll need to repeat the scan
from the bottom of the crater.
621
00:47:13,120 --> 00:47:16,600
So, while he sets
the scanning camera running,
622
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:19,120
Mark, the head of the climbing team,
623
00:47:19,120 --> 00:47:23,120
is already roped up and hanging
over the edge of the pit.
624
00:47:23,120 --> 00:47:27,200
Mark wants to establish a secure
foothold in the lava wall so that
625
00:47:27,200 --> 00:47:31,280
all Dougal's scanning gear can be
lowered into the pit tomorrow.
626
00:47:33,920 --> 00:47:41,120
When our final job will be to get
Dougal into the heart of Erte
Ale's deepest, live crater.
627
00:47:48,720 --> 00:47:53,280
As night falls, everyone gathers to
look at the results of the rim scan.
628
00:47:53,280 --> 00:47:55,800
This is one of the
preliminary scans we've done.
629
00:47:55,800 --> 00:47:58,360
Oh, my God! There you go.
630
00:47:58,360 --> 00:48:02,760
'They're better than we had dared
hope, but this is just a beginning.
631
00:48:02,760 --> 00:48:10,640
'Without descending right into
the crater, we can't fill in
the missing parts of the model.'
632
00:48:10,640 --> 00:48:13,920
There's lots of space missing,
and we really need to get into
633
00:48:13,920 --> 00:48:17,360
into...that crater
to get the rest of that scan.
634
00:48:17,360 --> 00:48:18,960
Is that the A-frame?
LAUGHTER
635
00:48:20,600 --> 00:48:28,080
'The ultimate success,
or failure of this venture,
will be decided on our last day.'
636
00:48:36,880 --> 00:48:45,520
It's the final day at the volcano,
and Dougal's only chance to complete
his scan of the crater at Erte Ale.
637
00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:51,480
If we can help him achieve that,
he will be able to produce
638
00:48:51,480 --> 00:48:55,960
the first ever 3D model
of the inside of an active volcano.
639
00:48:55,960 --> 00:49:00,600
And that will help reveal
the state of the Earth's crust here
640
00:49:00,600 --> 00:49:03,200
in the process of breaking apart.
641
00:49:03,200 --> 00:49:08,760
Well, this may be Dougal's final
challenge, but it's also a final
challenge for our technical team,
642
00:49:08,760 --> 00:49:15,280
because somehow, someone has
got to film what Dougal's doing
down there at the crater edge.
643
00:49:15,280 --> 00:49:21,360
We've got our camera teams
perched all the way around the rim
edge, so we should be able to get
644
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:29,880
views of every angle, as Dougal
takes one big step for mankind
right to the edge of the crater.
645
00:49:31,680 --> 00:49:35,960
'Everyone is aware that even
with the best preparations,
646
00:49:35,960 --> 00:49:40,840
'live volcanoes are unpredictable,
sometimes with fatal results.
647
00:49:40,840 --> 00:49:45,600
'Dougal is taking his life into his
hands. Though you'd never know it.'
648
00:49:45,600 --> 00:49:47,960
Well, see you, guys...
649
00:49:47,960 --> 00:49:51,200
Smoke me a kipper, I'll
be back for breakfast.
650
00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:02,040
Crumbling lava is never
the best anchor for a harness.
651
00:50:02,040 --> 00:50:07,600
And all Dougal can do is hope that
it doesn't give way as he descends.
652
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:12,320
Once he's down, 80kg of
state-of-the-art scientific
equipment will have to follow.
653
00:50:14,040 --> 00:50:19,560
Ah, wow!
Clearly a fresh surface here.
654
00:50:22,560 --> 00:50:29,560
Roughly 50m of cooled lava
will separate Dougal's feet
from the magna chamber
655
00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:31,400
which feeds this volcano -
656
00:50:31,400 --> 00:50:34,680
just 50m between him
and 1,000 degrees Centigrade.
657
00:50:36,720 --> 00:50:40,240
The lava lake must go up and down
like a piston as it gets re-filled
658
00:50:40,240 --> 00:50:42,960
with magmas periodically
and then emptied.
659
00:50:42,960 --> 00:50:44,920
And when it fills to the
top of the lower crater,
660
00:50:44,920 --> 00:50:49,080
it will spill over and form
these lovely brand new lava flows.
661
00:50:49,080 --> 00:50:52,760
You can just see it
really is virgin lava flow.
662
00:50:52,760 --> 00:50:57,640
If Erte Ale suddenly decides that
today is the day for an eruption,
663
00:50:57,640 --> 00:51:00,040
there would be no time to escape.
664
00:51:00,040 --> 00:51:02,720
But there's a more immediate danger.
665
00:51:02,720 --> 00:51:06,760
Everywhere along this is riddled
with holes and hollows
666
00:51:06,760 --> 00:51:09,960
that our feet can just
fall through at a moment's notice.
667
00:51:09,960 --> 00:51:15,680
Wisely, Dougal has brought a thermal
imaging camera to help him
navigate a route.
668
00:51:15,680 --> 00:51:19,440
It's quite hard to see in this
sunlight, but there's a nice image.
669
00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:23,800
You can see the lines of the cracks
670
00:51:23,800 --> 00:51:26,760
and if we just focus our
spot height on them,
671
00:51:26,760 --> 00:51:29,280
you can see some of those spot
heights
672
00:51:29,280 --> 00:51:31,560
are in excess of 100 degrees
Centigrade.
673
00:51:31,560 --> 00:51:35,560
The hottest zones signify
the thinnest part of the surface.
674
00:51:35,560 --> 00:51:40,600
And Dougal slowly, carefully gives
them as wide a berth as possible.
675
00:51:49,800 --> 00:51:53,680
No-one has ever been able to map
an active volcano
676
00:51:53,680 --> 00:51:56,000
from right inside the crater.
677
00:51:59,000 --> 00:52:01,440
But now everything is in place
678
00:52:01,440 --> 00:52:04,800
to capture Erte Ale in three
dimensions.
679
00:52:04,800 --> 00:52:07,680
A snapshot in time for all eternity.
680
00:52:10,800 --> 00:52:13,160
OK, I'll go and get the...
681
00:52:13,160 --> 00:52:15,560
You'll have to level again
and I'll just check.
682
00:52:15,560 --> 00:52:17,440
The level. Just double check that.
683
00:52:17,440 --> 00:52:20,480
Then, I'll grab the camera for you.
684
00:52:20,480 --> 00:52:22,000
It's the level.
685
00:52:33,280 --> 00:52:37,280
With the scanner safely
running, Dougal wants one
686
00:52:37,280 --> 00:52:42,000
last critical piece of information
which could show that the lava lake
is becoming more active.
687
00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:45,360
The temperature of the lava.
688
00:52:49,160 --> 00:52:53,040
But to get a reading, he must be
physically close enough
689
00:52:53,040 --> 00:52:57,640
to the lava lake to throw
a temperature probe
into its molten heart.
690
00:52:57,640 --> 00:53:00,880
I'm getting a lot closer now.
691
00:53:01,960 --> 00:53:06,000
This guy really, really wants to
know how hot magma is, doesn't he?
He does.
692
00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:09,760
'He's walking on the least stable
part of the crust,
693
00:53:09,760 --> 00:53:13,720
'where it's most likely to collapse
under his weight.'
694
00:53:13,720 --> 00:53:15,920
There goes the helmet!
695
00:53:15,920 --> 00:53:18,080
You can see the lava lake now.
696
00:53:25,280 --> 00:53:27,920
He's getting right
close to the edge.
697
00:53:27,920 --> 00:53:29,760
I wonder what he can see now.
698
00:53:29,760 --> 00:53:32,440
I can go about another metre...
699
00:53:32,440 --> 00:53:34,400
then I'm on the edge.
700
00:53:34,400 --> 00:53:36,440
Looking over the lava lake.
701
00:53:41,080 --> 00:53:45,000
I don't know if he's going to
be able to throw that far enough.
I'm not sure.
702
00:53:46,040 --> 00:53:48,240
Everybody ready?
703
00:53:48,240 --> 00:53:50,280
Going to go for it.
704
00:53:50,280 --> 00:53:52,920
I'm going to throw this over...
705
00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:54,720
into the lava lake.
706
00:53:57,160 --> 00:54:02,440
One...two...three!
707
00:54:02,440 --> 00:54:04,080
Yay!
708
00:54:06,920 --> 00:54:09,120
The temperature's starting to go up.
709
00:54:10,560 --> 00:54:12,600
I can't see where it's got to.
710
00:54:16,960 --> 00:54:20,360
'It looks like a good throw,
but there's a problem.'
711
00:54:26,440 --> 00:54:29,240
With the cable we've got,
stuck on the rocks,
712
00:54:29,240 --> 00:54:31,240
OK, that's the story of my life.
713
00:54:34,760 --> 00:54:37,320
Well, there's not
a great deal I can do now.
714
00:54:39,000 --> 00:54:42,920
It appears that the lava
lake has defeated us.
715
00:54:42,920 --> 00:54:47,120
It's so difficult to measure
the temperature of such a
phenomenon.
716
00:54:47,120 --> 00:54:51,000
We can't get our thermometer in
because the crust is too far,
717
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:54,680
and my throw is rubbish so I'm going
to have to abandon that expedition
718
00:54:54,680 --> 00:54:59,120
and get back to a safe area...
719
00:54:59,120 --> 00:55:01,160
and go from there.
720
00:55:05,840 --> 00:55:09,840
For today, Dougal will have to
be satisfied with one remarkable
721
00:55:09,840 --> 00:55:14,360
scientific first, a groundbreaking
three-dimensional scan.
722
00:55:14,360 --> 00:55:16,800
Well, it was a valiant effort.
723
00:55:16,800 --> 00:55:19,640
It was definitely a valiant effort.
LAUGHTER
724
00:55:19,640 --> 00:55:22,360
It was a bit of a crap throw,
it has to be said.
725
00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:25,120
But at least he's got the scan
and that's the main thing.
726
00:55:25,120 --> 00:55:29,080
So at the end of this, we will see
the most perfect 3D image
727
00:55:29,080 --> 00:55:32,640
of this crater ever produced,
which is fantastic.
728
00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:36,080
And, you know, the magma will
just have to remain a mystery.
729
00:55:36,080 --> 00:55:39,800
Yeah, I think it's not
the biggest disappointment.
730
00:55:39,800 --> 00:55:43,440
It gives him something to come
back to and try later. Absolutely.
731
00:55:43,440 --> 00:55:45,560
Come back, Dougal! All is forgiven!
732
00:56:00,960 --> 00:56:02,880
Well done! That was amazing.
733
00:56:02,880 --> 00:56:06,560
The scan, we nailed it, so the scan's
in the bag. That's pretty good.
734
00:56:06,560 --> 00:56:08,640
Hats off to the volcano and, er...
735
00:56:08,640 --> 00:56:11,640
Cheers, mate! Whoo!
736
00:56:13,240 --> 00:56:16,520
Getting the scanner equipment out
here has been a major goals.
737
00:56:16,520 --> 00:56:19,360
We've traipsed it over
the whole of the Afar triangle,
738
00:56:19,360 --> 00:56:23,120
with camels, with 4x4s, with
stuck 4x4s, with camels on strike.
739
00:56:23,120 --> 00:56:28,800
And to come away now knowing
that we've pretty much nailed
740
00:56:28,800 --> 00:56:31,760
the first ever scan of Erte Ale
in high resolution 3D,
741
00:56:31,760 --> 00:56:34,640
that we'll be able to view,
it's going to be superb.
742
00:56:34,640 --> 00:56:37,240
The momentous events of today
743
00:56:37,240 --> 00:56:41,720
mark the climax of our journey
to this unforgettable land.
744
00:56:43,720 --> 00:56:46,800
This has been most extraordinary
journey, culminating here
745
00:56:46,800 --> 00:56:50,640
at the crater and, you know, our
final challenge was,
746
00:56:50,640 --> 00:56:56,960
"Could Dougal get down and do that
last scan that was going to build up
the perfect 3D picture?"
747
00:56:56,960 --> 00:56:58,760
And he's done it. It's brilliant.
748
00:57:00,000 --> 00:57:06,280
And this is it.
The first ever 3D model of
the inside of an active volcano.
749
00:57:06,280 --> 00:57:10,960
A unique snapshot in the life of
this - the world's oldest lava lake.
750
00:57:18,240 --> 00:57:22,360
For the world's science community
it offers much more.
751
00:57:22,360 --> 00:57:29,320
It captures an apocalyptic,
geological process that has never
been observed in action before.
752
00:57:29,320 --> 00:57:33,040
The gradual fragmenting
of the Earth's crust,
753
00:57:33,040 --> 00:57:37,040
which will lead ultimately
to the birth of a new ocean.
754
00:57:38,600 --> 00:57:42,040
It's a drama that will play
out over millions of years,
755
00:57:42,040 --> 00:57:46,280
forming the backdrop to the lives of
the people here in the Rift Valley
756
00:57:46,280 --> 00:57:48,520
as it has since the dawn of mankind.
757
00:57:51,520 --> 00:57:58,680
With our science mission
accomplished, we return to our
Afar hosts for one last thank you.
758
00:57:58,680 --> 00:58:01,240
It's all kicking off already.
THEY CLAP
759
00:58:03,960 --> 00:58:09,240
And, as special guests at a village
wedding, we find ourselves
honoured beyond words.
760
00:58:11,280 --> 00:58:12,520
I haven't got a stick.
761
00:58:15,960 --> 00:58:19,800
It's a fitting end to this
journey of a lifetime
762
00:58:19,800 --> 00:58:22,240
to the hottest place on Earth.
763
00:58:22,240 --> 00:58:24,400
What an amazing country!
764
00:58:24,400 --> 00:58:28,480
You know, the ups and downs
of this whole trip.
765
00:58:28,480 --> 00:58:32,880
Some of the things we tried
to achieve that we didn't do,
some that went really well,
766
00:58:32,880 --> 00:58:35,240
but the people,
the landscape and everything.
767
00:58:35,240 --> 00:58:38,280
Hard as nails, absolutely fantastic.
768
00:59:10,440 --> 00:59:14,440
Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
769
00:59:14,440 --> 00:59:18,520
E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk
72482
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