All language subtitles for Planet Earth (2006) - S01E01 - From Pole to Pole (1080p BluRay x265 Silence)

A hundred years ago,

there were one-and-a-half billion people on Earth.

Now, over six billion crowd our fragile planet.

But even so, there are still places
barely touched by humanity.

This series will take you to the last wildernesses

and show you the planet and its wildlife
as you have never seen them before.

Imagine our world without sun.

Male emperor penguins are facing the nearest
that exists on planet Earth,

winter in Antarctica.

It's continuously dark and temperatures drop
to minus 70 degrees centigrade.

The penguins stay
when all other creatures have fled

because each guards a treasure,

a single egg resting on the top of its feet

and kept warm
beneath the downy bulge of its stomach.

There is no food and no water for them

and they will not see the sun again
for four months.

Surely, no greater ordeal is faced by any animal.

As the sun departs from the Antarctic,
it lightens the skies in the far north.

It's March, and light returns to the high Arctic,

sweeping away four months of darkness.

A polar bear stirs.

She has been in her den the whole winter.

Her emergence marks the beginning of spring.

After months of confinement underground,
she toboggans down the slope,

perhaps to clean her fur, perhaps for sheer joy.

Her cubs gaze out at their bright new world
for the very first time.

The female calls them,

but this steep slope is not the easiest place
to take your first steps.

But they are hungry
and eager to reach their mother,

who's delayed feeding them on this special day.

Now she lures them with the promise of milk,

the only food the cubs have known
since they were born, deaf and blind,

beneath the snow some two months ago.

Their mother has not eaten for five months

and has lost half her body weight.

Now she converts the last of her fat reserves
into milk for her cubs.

The spring sun brings warmth,
but also a problem for the mother.

It starts to melt the sea ice.

That is where she hunts for the seals she needs
to feed her cubs

and she must get there before the ice breaks up.

For now, though, it's still minus 30 degrees,

and the cubs must have the shelter of the den.

It's six days since the bears emerged

and spring is advancing rapidly.

But even now,
blizzards can strike without warning.

Being so small, the cubs are easily chilled

and they would be more comfortable
resting in the den,

but their mother must keep them out and active.

She's becoming weak from hunger
and there's no food on these nursery slopes.

The sea ice still holds firm,
but it won't last much longer.

Day 10, and the mother
has led her cubs a mile from the den.

It's time to put them to the test.

They've grown enormously in confidence,

but they don't have
their mother's sense of urgency.

At last it seems that
they're ready for their journey

and only just in time

for, a few miles from the coast,
the ice is already splitting.

Now the mother can start hunting
for the seals they must have,

but she's leading her cubs
into a dangerous new world.

Nearly half of all cubs die in their first year
out on the ice.

Summer brings 24 hours of sunlight
and a thawing, shifting landscape.

Further south, the winter snows
have almost cleared from the arctic tundra.

Northern Canada's wild frontier.

Here, nature stages one of her greatest dramas.

Every year, three million caribou
migrate across the arctic tundra.

The immensity of the herd
can only be properly appreciated from the air.

Some herds travel over two thousand miles a year
in search of fresh pastures.

This is the longest overland migration
made by any animal.

They're constantly on the move.

Newborn calves have to be up and running
the day they're born.

But the vast herds do not travel alone.

Wolves.

Packs of them, eight to ten strong,
shadow the migration.

And they're hungry.

It's the newly-born calves that they are after.

Running directly at the herd
is a ploy to generate panic.

The herd breaks up and now it's easier
to target an individual.

In the chaos, a calf is separated from its mother.

The calf is young, but it can outrun the wolf
if only it manages to keep its footing.

At this stage the odds are even.

Either the caribou will make a mistake

or, after a mile, the wolf will give up.

Midsummer on the tundra
and the sun does not set.

At these latitudes, the sun's rays are glancing

and not enough of their energy
reaches the ground to enable trees to grow.

You need to travel five hundred miles
south from here before that is possible.

These stunted shrubs mark the tree line,
the beginning of the Boreal forest,

the taiga.

The needle-shaped leaves of the conifers
are virtually inedible,

so this forest supports very little animal life.

It's a silent place where the snow
is unmarked by footprints.

In the arctic winter,
snow forms a continuous blanket across the land.

But as spring creeps up from the south,
the taiga is unveiled.

This vast forest circling the globe

contains a third of all the trees on Earth

and produces so much oxygen,
it changes the composition of the atmosphere.

As we travel south,
so the sun's influence grows stronger

and at 50 degrees of latitude,
a radical transformation begins.

Summers here are long enough
for broad-leaved trees to replace conifers.

Broad leaves are much easier to eat and digest

so now animals can collect
their share of the energy

that has come from the sun.

It's summer and these forests
are bustling with life.

But the good times will not last.

Broad leaves must be shed in winter
for they're damaged by frost.

As they disappear, so the land becomes barren
with little for animals to eat.

The inhabitants must migrate, hibernate
or face months of near-starvation.

The Amur leopard, the rarest cat in the world.

Here, in the deciduous forests of eastern Russia,
the winter makes hunting very difficult.

Prey animals are scarce
and there's no concealing vegetation.

The cub is a year old
and still dependent on its mother.

Deer are frequent casualties of the harsh winter

and these leopards are not above
scavenging from a corpse.

African leopards could never survive here

but the Russian cats have thick fur
to shield them from the cold.

There are only 40 Amur leopards left in the wild,
and that number is falling.

Like so many creatures, the cats
have been pushed to the very edge of extinction

by hunting and the destruction of their habitat.

The Amur leopard symbolises the fragility
of our natural heritage.

The future of an entire species
hangs on the survival

of a tiny number of mothers like this one.

All animals, rare or common,
ultimately depend for their energy on the sun.

In Japan, the arrival of the cherry blossom
announces the beginning of spring.

The sun's energy brings colour to the landscape.

The Earth, as it makes its annualjourney
round the sun, spins on a tilted axis

and it's this tilt that creates the seasons.

The advance of the seasons
brings constant change.

As the sun's influence diminishes in the north,

so the deciduous forests of America
begin to shut down,

losing their leaves in preparation
for the dark, cold months ahead.

One season hands over to another.

Some organisms thrive on decay,

but most must make special preparations
for winter and a life with little sun.

Whole populations of animals
are now forced to travel great distances

in pursuit of food and warmth.

Three hundred thousand Baikal Teal
gather to escape from the Siberian winter

by migrating south to Korea.

The world's entire population in a single flock.

But there are parts of the world
that have no seasons.

In the tropics,
the sun's rays strike the Earth head-on

and their strength
is more or less constant all year round.

That is why the jungle grows so vigorously
and supports so much life.

This forest covers only 3% of the planet's surface

but it contains more than 50%
of all its plants and animals.

The canopy is particularly rich.

There are monkeys, birds
and millions of species of insects.

Exactly how many, we have no idea.

The character of the forest changes
as you descend,

becoming ever darker and damper,
favouring different kinds of animals and plants.

Less than 2% of the sunlight reaches the floor.

But even here, there is extraordinary variety.

In the great island of New Guinea,

there are 42 different species of birds of paradise,
each more bizarre than the last.

This forest is so rich
that nourishing food can be gathered very quickly.

That leaves the male Six-plumed bird of paradise
with time to concentrate on other matters,

like tidying up his display area.

Everything must be spick and span.

All is ready.

Very impressive. But no one is watching.

The Superb bird of paradise
calls to attract a female.

And he has more luck.

But what does he have to do to really impress her?

She retires to consider her verdict.

It's hard not to feel deflated
when even your best isn't good enough.

The sun influences life in the oceans
just as it does on land.

Its richest parts are those
where waves and currents

bring fertilising nutrients to surface waters
that are bathed in sunlight.

The seas off the Cape in South Africa

have this magic recipe and are hugely productive.

Summer is a time of plenty,
and it's now that the seals start to breed.

The strike of a great white shark
lasts a mere second.

Slowing it down 40 times
reveals the technique and immense strength

of this massive predator.

If surprise fails, there will be a chase.

The shark is faster on a straight course,

but it can't turn as sharply as a seal.

It's agility versus power.

Once the seals have finished breeding,
the giant sharks will move on.

It's now becoming clear that great whites
migrate thousands of miles across the oceans

to harvest seasonal abundances in different seas.

The sun, beating down on tropical waters,
powers the weather systems of the globe.

Moisture evaporates from the warming ocean
and rises to create great storms.

The winds generated out at sea
sweep inland across the continents.

As they travel across the Sahara,
they create the biggest of all sandstorms,

blowing sand halfway round the world,
to fertilise the Amazon jungle.

Winds blowing across the Indian Ocean

collect moisture and sweep northwards
towards the Himalayas.

As the air rises, so it cools.

The water it carries condenses into clouds

and then falls
as the life-giving rains of the monsoon.

So air currents, powered by the sun,

carry wet air to the middle of continents.

Without water there can be no life.

But its distribution over the land is far from even.

Deserts cover one third of the land's surface
and they're growing bigger every year.

This is the Kalahari desert in southern Africa.

It's the dry season

and thousands of elephants have started to travel
in a desperate search for water.

All across southern Africa,
animals are journeying for the same reason.

Buffalo join the great trek.

Nowhere else on Earth are so many animals
on the move with the same urgent purpose.

They are all heading for the swamps of
the Okavango,

a vast inland delta.

At the moment it is dry, but water is coming.

The travellers are hampered by
dangerous dust storms.

Females and calves can easily get separated
from the main herd.

For this pair, sanctuary lies
in a patch of woodland a few miles ahead.

They can't rest until they reach it.

The main herd has already got there safely.

Finally, the stragglers emerge from the dust.

The exhausted calf is still blinded by sand.

Its mother does everything possible to help it.

The storm is now subsiding.

But not all the elephants have been so lucky.

One youngster has got lost.

Thirsty and exhausted,
it follows the tracks of its mother,

but, sadly, in the wrong direction.

At the peak of the dry season in the Kalahari,
water arrives in the Okavango.

It fell as rain a thousand miles away
in the highlands of Angola

and has taken nearly five months to reach here.

The water drives out insects
from the parched ground,

which are snapped up by plovers.

Catfish, travelling with the flood,

collect any drowning creatures
the birds have missed.

It's a seasonal feast for animals of all kinds.

Birds are the first to arrive in any numbers.

Wattled cranes,

then black storks.

Behind the birds come buffalo.

After weeks of marching,
their trek is coming to an end.

As the water sweeps into the Okavango,

a vast area of the Kalahari
is transformed into a fertile paradise.

Nowhere on our planet is the life-giving power
of water so clearly demonstrated.

The Okavango becomes criss-crossed with trails
as animals move into its heart.

The new arrivals open up paths like arteries,
along which water flows,

extending the reach of the flood.

This is an Africa rarely seen.

A lush water-world.

Some creatures are completely at home here.

These are lechwe, antelope with hooves
that splay widely,

enabling them
to move at speed through the water.

For others, the change is far less welcome.

Baboons are somewhat apprehensive bathers.

The water brings a season of plenty
for all animals.

Hunting dogs.

These are now among the rarest
of Africa's mammals

but they're, nonetheless,
the continent's most efficient predators.

Their secret is teamwork.

Impala are their favourite prey.

They start to hunt and the pack splits up.

An aerial viewpoint gives a new insight
into their strategy.

As the dogs approach their prey, they peel off
to take up separate positions around their target.

They seem to form a cordon around the impala.

Moving in total silence,
they take up their positions.

Those ears can detect the slightest rustle.

The hunt is on.

Three dogs close in on one impala.

Missed!

The lead dog drives the impala
towards the hidden flankers.

Anticipating their line, the leader cuts the corner
and joins a flanker for the final assault.

It's all or nothing. One on one.

The dog has stamina, the impala has speed.

Leaping into the lake is an act of desperation.

Impala can barely swim.

The dogs know their prey must come out or drown.

Now it's a waiting game.

The rest of the pack are calling.

They've made a kill in the forest
and this is an invitation to join in the meal.

The impala is in luck.

A pack this size kills once a day,
and everything is shared.

And this impala is reprieved.

The elephants are nearing the end
of their long journey.

After weeks of marching, they're desperately tired.

The matriarch can smell water
and encourages the herd to make one last effort.

The youngsters are exhausted,
but their mothers have made this journey before

and they know that they're close to water.

After many hundreds of miles, they've arrived.

The lives of these elephants are dominated
by the annual rhythm of wet and dry,

a seasonal cycle created by the sun.

At the southern end of the Earth,
after four months of total darkness,

the sun once more rises over Antarctica.

Now at last the emperor penguins
abandon their huddle.

The males are still carrying the precious eggs

that they've cherished
throughout the Antarctic winter.

With the returning sun, the eggs hatch.

Other birds have not even arrived

but the emperors,
by enduring the long black winter,

have given their chicks a head start.

These youngsters are now ready and eager

to make the most of the brief Antarctic summer.