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[Dan narrating]
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[dramatic music]
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Imagine a drilling
accident so catastrophic
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it unleashes a
literal hell on earth.
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- The crew is in an
all-out panic now.
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They've opened up a
230-foot wide crater.
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They're nauseous from the fumes.
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What do you do in
this situation?
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There's no valve you can turn
to shut off the gas flow.
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[dramatic music continues]
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- Or transporting a
nuclear bomb and losing it.
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- They are for hours
unaccounted for
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and that's a very
dangerous situation.
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- United States forces
spring into action,
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00:00:48,667 --> 00:00:51,291
which prompts a massive search.
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- How about a cockpit
crisis that really sucks?
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- 13 minutes into the flight,
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there's a massive explosion.
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- The captain has been
sucked out of the window
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and is hanging on for dear life.
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- [Person Off-Camera]
The blood spattered
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across the fuselage showing
the desperate position
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he was in.
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- These are the disasters
so mind boggling
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they are truly unbelievable.
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[dramatic music continues]
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What began as a routine dig
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turned into one of
the most jaw-dropping
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drilling accidents in history,
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a mistake that ignited
a fiery phenomenon
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still burning to this day.
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- The story begins in
1971 in Turkmenistan,
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which is at that point
still part of the USSR.
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A team of Soviet engineers
is on hand to look for oil.
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- Trying to find oil
costs a ton of money,
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and the Soviets are
really banking on this.
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They need a big win.
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They need to find
a big cache of oil
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to make this all pay off.
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- They find this rural spot
in the Turkmenistani desert
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and they begin drilling
and they get nothing.
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There's no oil.
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So they're bringing drills
that can go even deeper
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into the Earth and
again, there is nothing.
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- [Dan] Suddenly, the
ground begins to shake
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and crumble all around them.
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[ground rumbles]
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- The men abandon their oil rigs
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and run for dear life
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and as they look behind them,
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they see the ground giving way
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and their equipment
being swallowed up
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and this giant, massive
crater opens in the ground
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right in front of their eyes.
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- What the team didn't realize
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while they were looking for
and drilling for oil was
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that they had
accidentally tapped into
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a huge natural gas reservoir.
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- [Dan] Sounds like they
hit the jackpot, right?
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Not exactly.
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Instead of oil, they get
a geyser of toxic methane
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and there's no way to stop it.
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- The crew is in an
all-out panic now.
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They've opened up a
230-foot wide crater.
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They're nauseous from the fumes.
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What do you do in
this situation?
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There's no valve you can turn
and shut off the gas flow.
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- To make matters worse,
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villagers downwind
of this episode are
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experiencing all kinds
of health problems
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due to the methane gas.
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And engineers now
start to scramble
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to find a way to
turn this thing off.
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- The geologists are
looking for a solution
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and what they come up with is,
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hey, let's just burn it off.
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We'll burn the methane
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and convert it to
much less toxic CO2.
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And then after a few days,
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everything just
goes back to normal.
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[explosion bangs]
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- Burning off the
methane turns out to be
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an absolutely terrible idea.
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- They massively underestimate
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the size of this gas reservoir
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and the thing burns
and burns and burns.
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It burns for hours,
it burns for weeks,
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for months and then years.
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- [Dan] This raging
inferno even earns
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a nickname among locals,
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the Gates of Hell.
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00:04:06,833 --> 00:04:08,749
- When Turkmenistan
gains its independence
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after the collapse
of the Soviet Union,
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the officials there
don't really have
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the wherewithal to
deal with this problem,
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and so they basically
just try to ignore it
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and let the thing burn.
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- [Dan] You'd think it would
eventually burn itself out.
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Not even close.
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Over a half century later,
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the fire is still going strong.
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- It's wild if you
think about this,
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a 230-foot wide hole
spewing out flames,
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shooting flames up to
50 feet in the air.
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It's 1,500 degrees
inside of this hole.
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- It literally looks like
the gates of Hell have
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opened up and are ready to
just come up and consume you.
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- Even though it's not methane
and it's carbon dioxide,
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there's a constant stream of
greenhouse gases emanating
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from this one spot
in Turkmenistan.
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- [Dan] While government
officials in Turkmenistan
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continue to look for a way
to close the Gates of Hell,
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they might want to leave
it open just a crack.
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- Turkmenistan realizes
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we lost a lot of money by
burning off all this gas
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that we otherwise
could have captured,
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but this is pretty
awesome looking,
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so today, the Gates of
Hell have actually become
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Turkmenistan's number
one tourist attraction.
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- In London, a
different kind of hell
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once descended on
the city for days,
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leaving devastation in its wake.
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- London has had
problems with pollution
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since the 1200s.
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Even the word smog was
created to describe
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the coal burning, fireplace
burning air of London.
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- And when it gets really bad,
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they have a special term for it
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and it's called a pea souper.
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- [Dan] But in December of 1952,
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smoggy London is
about to experience
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a pea souper on an
apocalyptic level.
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- The morning of December 5th,
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Londoners awakened to a crisp,
clear, yet very cold sky
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and as a result,
they heat their homes
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as they did at that time.
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- And then on top of that,
a fog starts moving in
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to the city and as it does,
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people are still burning wood
and coal in their fireplaces
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and the smoke is
combining with that fog.
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- [Dan] The next morning,
conditions continue to worsen.
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- The entire city is
enveloped in smog.
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It's so thick that you
can't see your feet.
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- Double-decker bus
drivers can't see a thing.
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So as these buses are
crawling through the streets,
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people are walking alongside
the bus with lanterns.
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- Members of
parliament return home
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black in the face as if
they had been working
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in the coal mines of Wales.
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- [Dan] Londoners
collapse in the streets,
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automobiles collide.
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A passenger train steamrolls
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over a group of railway workers,
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killing two men.
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00:06:58,167 --> 00:07:01,582
- By the third and by the
fourth day, it's getting worse.
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People are wondering, how
long is this going to go on?
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When is this going to end?
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Is it going to end?
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00:07:08,375 --> 00:07:10,541
- [Dan] But Mother
Nature isn't letting up,
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thanks to a rare and
stubborn weather phenomenon.
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- What they're experiencing
is actually an anticyclone
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and this is a very
calm, stable air mass
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that has almost no winds in it.
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- [Dan] Picture it
like a lid on a pot.
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With no wind to
clear things out,
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smoke and pollution build up
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and as it gets colder outside,
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people continue
to burn more coal.
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- So anything that's being
poured out of the chimneys
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to heat a freezing population is
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staying in the streets of
that freezing population.
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- After five days of these
unrelenting conditions,
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low pressure with higher
winds finally moves
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00:07:48,375 --> 00:07:49,999
into the area,
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pushing this high pressure and
this anticyclone outta here,
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giving Londoners the
relief that they need.
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But unfortunately, the
damage is already done.
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- The initial death toll of
the Great Smog of London is
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00:08:00,208 --> 00:08:01,707
around 4,000 people.
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00:08:01,708 --> 00:08:03,916
But as historians continue
to study this event,
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00:08:03,917 --> 00:08:05,166
estimates have shown
that it might be
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00:08:05,167 --> 00:08:07,749
nearer to 12,000 people dying.
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00:08:07,750 --> 00:08:10,541
- [Dan] In the aftermath,
officials do their part
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to ensure this
won't happen again.
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- In 1956, a Clean
Air act is passed
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by the British government
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and it prohibits burning of
coal in domestic residences.
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They now have to transfer
their energy resources
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to cleaner-burning things like
oil and like natural gases.
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So, the old days of deadly
London smog are gone forever.
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- The Great Smog of London is
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far from the only unbelievable
air disaster in history.
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- One of the first things
they tell you to do
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on an airplane is to
fasten your seatbelt,
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but for one crew member,
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ignoring that instruction
nearly ends in catastrophe.
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- At 7:30 AM a flight takes
off from Birmingham, England
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to Malaga, Spain.
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00:09:02,417 --> 00:09:04,499
There are about
81 people on board
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00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:05,957
and they're all tourists
that are gonna be
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00:09:05,958 --> 00:09:07,541
making their way
down to sunny Spain
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to sun themselves
on the beaches.
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00:09:09,251 --> 00:09:12,541
- [Dan] Once the plane
hits cruising altitude,
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the autopilot is engaged.
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00:09:14,417 --> 00:09:17,041
So Captain Tim
Lancaster sits back,
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00:09:17,042 --> 00:09:19,832
loosens his seatbelt and
unbuckles his shoulder harness.
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00:09:19,833 --> 00:09:21,374
- The flight's cruising along.
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00:09:21,375 --> 00:09:22,957
Everything's going just fine,
209
00:09:22,958 --> 00:09:25,208
and about 13 minutes
into the flight.
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[explosion bangs]
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There's a massive explosion.
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00:09:31,083 --> 00:09:32,332
- [Dan] Suddenly.
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00:09:32,333 --> 00:09:33,582
[glass shatters]
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The cockpit door is
ripped from its hinges.
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00:09:34,958 --> 00:09:37,291
- There's no flames,
there's no smoke,
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but there's a rushing wind.
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00:09:38,793 --> 00:09:41,916
- [Dan] Through the
open cockpit doorway,
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00:09:41,917 --> 00:09:44,666
passengers witness
a terrifying scene.
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00:09:44,667 --> 00:09:46,707
- The windshield in front
of the captain's chair is
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00:09:46,708 --> 00:09:48,416
completely gone,
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00:09:48,417 --> 00:09:51,082
so the crew is being
blasted with winds
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00:09:51,083 --> 00:09:53,208
of 400 miles per hour
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00:09:54,250 --> 00:09:55,958
and craziest of all,
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00:09:56,750 --> 00:09:59,041
the captain's chair is empty.
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00:09:59,042 --> 00:10:00,207
[dramatic music]
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00:10:00,208 --> 00:10:02,874
- The captain has been
sucked out of the window
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00:10:02,875 --> 00:10:05,207
and is hanging on for dear life
228
00:10:05,208 --> 00:10:08,749
while 400 mile an hour winds
are just blasting his body,
229
00:10:08,750 --> 00:10:12,750
so much so that his
clothes are torn apart.
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00:10:12,751 --> 00:10:15,207
- The only reason the captain is
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00:10:15,208 --> 00:10:17,374
not sucked out of the
window completely is
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00:10:17,375 --> 00:10:20,124
because his feet are caught
on the control panel.
233
00:10:20,125 --> 00:10:23,707
And this fast-thinking
steward named Nigel Ogden
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00:10:23,708 --> 00:10:26,667
grabs a hold of Captain
Lancaster's legs.
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00:10:28,542 --> 00:10:29,916
- He's now stuck
236
00:10:29,917 --> 00:10:32,374
and plastered to the aircraft.
237
00:10:32,375 --> 00:10:35,832
The temperature is nearly
negative 30 degrees Celsius
238
00:10:35,833 --> 00:10:39,207
and he is literally
hanging on for dear life.
239
00:10:39,208 --> 00:10:41,041
- [Dan] But there's an
even bigger problem.
240
00:10:41,042 --> 00:10:44,374
When the captain's body hits
the controls on the way out,
241
00:10:44,375 --> 00:10:45,666
he disengages the autopilot.
242
00:10:45,667 --> 00:10:47,207
[alarm beeps]
243
00:10:47,208 --> 00:10:51,041
- With the autopilot off, the
aircraft now goes into a dive.
244
00:10:51,042 --> 00:10:52,832
[wind whooshes]
245
00:10:52,833 --> 00:10:54,874
- [Dan] Fighting the
blasting, freezing winds,
246
00:10:54,875 --> 00:10:57,832
copilot Alistair Atchison
is able to pull up
247
00:10:57,833 --> 00:11:00,166
and regain control of the plane.
248
00:11:00,167 --> 00:11:01,707
[passengers scream]
249
00:11:01,708 --> 00:11:03,041
- However, with all the
screaming and the pandemonium
250
00:11:03,042 --> 00:11:04,374
in the cockpit,
251
00:11:04,375 --> 00:11:08,374
nobody can hear any response
from any of the towers.
252
00:11:08,375 --> 00:11:09,832
Atchison has no clue
253
00:11:09,833 --> 00:11:12,042
where he's going to
put this aircraft down.
254
00:11:13,583 --> 00:11:15,666
- Things are going
from bad to worse.
255
00:11:15,667 --> 00:11:18,374
Ogden, who's holding
onto the captain,
256
00:11:18,375 --> 00:11:20,624
his hand becomes frostbitten.
257
00:11:20,625 --> 00:11:21,916
He calls for help
258
00:11:21,917 --> 00:11:24,582
and another steward
enters the cockpit
259
00:11:24,583 --> 00:11:26,832
and grabs a hold of the captain.
260
00:11:26,833 --> 00:11:28,207
- During the transfer,
261
00:11:28,208 --> 00:11:31,666
the captain slips even
further out of the window.
262
00:11:31,667 --> 00:11:32,957
[crew shouts indistinctly]
263
00:11:32,958 --> 00:11:36,667
And now is being held
onto only by his ankles.
264
00:11:38,228 --> 00:11:40,916
[indistinct radio chatter]
265
00:11:40,917 --> 00:11:43,249
- Then there's a miracle.
266
00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:45,499
Atchison hears directions
267
00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:49,124
and he finds out that he can
go back towards Southampton,
268
00:11:49,125 --> 00:11:51,416
which is about 70
miles south of London,
269
00:11:51,417 --> 00:11:53,208
and land the aircraft there.
270
00:11:53,209 --> 00:11:57,291
- [Dan] With no windshield
and Captain Lancaster dangling
271
00:11:57,292 --> 00:11:58,957
from the front of the plane,
272
00:11:58,958 --> 00:12:01,416
Atchison is able to safely land,
273
00:12:01,417 --> 00:12:06,082
ending Lancaster's
unbelievable 20-minute ride.
274
00:12:06,083 --> 00:12:07,874
- [Newsreader] The blood
spattered across the fuselage
275
00:12:07,875 --> 00:12:10,749
showing the desperate
position he was in.
276
00:12:10,750 --> 00:12:12,624
Captain Lancaster
is being treated
277
00:12:12,625 --> 00:12:14,332
for two broken ankles,
278
00:12:14,333 --> 00:12:17,082
broken ribs and frostbite.
279
00:12:17,083 --> 00:12:17,999
- He's alive
280
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:19,749
and after five months,
281
00:12:19,750 --> 00:12:23,082
Captain Lancaster goes
back to piloting airplanes.
282
00:12:23,083 --> 00:12:26,708
You gotta give it to Captain
Lancaster, he's a brave man.
283
00:12:27,750 --> 00:12:29,874
- Flailing thousands
of feet in the sky is
284
00:12:29,875 --> 00:12:31,832
a frightening thought,
285
00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:35,207
but at least this captain
had his crew to help him.
286
00:12:35,208 --> 00:12:37,791
The same can't be
said for one woman
287
00:12:37,792 --> 00:12:39,666
who goes on the most unexpected
288
00:12:39,667 --> 00:12:41,833
and terrifying ride of her life.
289
00:12:43,083 --> 00:12:46,541
- It's 2007 and a woman
named Ewa Wisnierska,
290
00:12:46,542 --> 00:12:49,082
she's a Polish-born paraglider
291
00:12:49,083 --> 00:12:52,041
who competes with the
German national team.
292
00:12:52,042 --> 00:12:53,832
It's right before the
world championships
293
00:12:53,833 --> 00:12:55,416
in Eastern Australia
294
00:12:55,417 --> 00:12:58,832
and she and the team have
gone there early to train
295
00:12:58,833 --> 00:13:00,957
in the very location
that the competition is
296
00:13:00,958 --> 00:13:03,457
taking place later that year.
297
00:13:03,458 --> 00:13:05,999
- [Dan] It's a clear day
and the winds are favorable,
298
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,416
so she decides to suit up
and go for a test flight.
299
00:13:09,417 --> 00:13:10,749
- She's flying along,
300
00:13:10,750 --> 00:13:13,749
she's somewhere between
14 and 18,000 feet high.
301
00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:15,374
Then she sees some clouds,
302
00:13:15,375 --> 00:13:17,749
which is weird because
the forecast didn't have
303
00:13:17,750 --> 00:13:18,957
any storms in it.
304
00:13:18,958 --> 00:13:21,957
- She sort of
avoids the first one
305
00:13:21,958 --> 00:13:26,166
and sort of tries to thread
the needle between two of them.
306
00:13:26,167 --> 00:13:29,666
- And then she sees another
cloud heading straight for her.
307
00:13:29,667 --> 00:13:30,916
- [Dan] Ewa doesn't realize it,
308
00:13:30,917 --> 00:13:33,874
but this is what's known
as a cumulonimbus cloud
309
00:13:33,875 --> 00:13:35,457
and it's bad news.
310
00:13:35,458 --> 00:13:36,707
- Inside cumulonimbus clouds,
311
00:13:36,708 --> 00:13:38,457
we have incredibly high winds.
312
00:13:38,458 --> 00:13:40,082
There's lightning, there's hail.
313
00:13:40,083 --> 00:13:41,957
This is a bad
thing to be inside,
314
00:13:41,958 --> 00:13:43,999
especially if
you're a paraglider.
315
00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:46,749
- Ewa is sucked in and sucked up
316
00:13:46,750 --> 00:13:50,332
at a rate of approximately
130 feet a second.
317
00:13:50,333 --> 00:13:55,207
She's now in this
darkening, ice cold vortex
318
00:13:55,208 --> 00:13:57,374
that keeps pushing her upward.
319
00:13:57,375 --> 00:14:01,957
She's surrounded by peals of
lightning and roars of thunder.
320
00:14:01,958 --> 00:14:03,957
She's being pelted with hail
321
00:14:03,958 --> 00:14:07,374
and Ewa cannot stop rising.
322
00:14:07,375 --> 00:14:08,457
[storm rumbles]
323
00:14:08,458 --> 00:14:09,207
- [Dan] Within minutes, Ewa is
324
00:14:09,208 --> 00:14:11,791
at an incredible 32,000 feet.
325
00:14:11,792 --> 00:14:13,166
[thunder rumbles]
326
00:14:13,167 --> 00:14:14,832
Higher than the peak
of Mount Everest.
327
00:14:14,833 --> 00:14:17,499
- At an altitude of 32,000 feet,
328
00:14:17,500 --> 00:14:19,207
there is not much oxygen.
329
00:14:19,208 --> 00:14:21,207
The atmosphere is very thin.
330
00:14:21,208 --> 00:14:25,541
The temperature drops, it's
around minus 60 degrees.
331
00:14:25,542 --> 00:14:27,499
Ewa can't breathe.
332
00:14:27,500 --> 00:14:29,416
- She has no warmth layer.
333
00:14:29,417 --> 00:14:33,500
She's getting beaten up and
then suddenly, she passes out.
334
00:14:35,667 --> 00:14:39,749
- So here she is being pelted
by hail the size of oranges,
335
00:14:39,750 --> 00:14:41,207
she's likely freezing to death.
336
00:14:41,208 --> 00:14:43,541
She's unconscious and
totally out of control.
337
00:14:43,542 --> 00:14:47,499
Her chances for survival
look really slim to none.
338
00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,707
- [Dan] But something
remarkable pushes the odds
339
00:14:49,708 --> 00:14:51,082
in Ewa's favor.
340
00:14:51,083 --> 00:14:53,207
- As she's being
battered around,
341
00:14:53,208 --> 00:14:57,957
a change in the wind drops
her to about 22,000 feet,
342
00:14:57,958 --> 00:15:01,874
providing more oxygen so
Ewa actually wakes up.
343
00:15:01,875 --> 00:15:04,374
- [Dan] Unfortunately,
Ewa has a new problem.
344
00:15:04,375 --> 00:15:07,082
- As quickly as she shot
up into the atmosphere,
345
00:15:07,083 --> 00:15:10,207
she's now headed down
to Earth like a comet.
346
00:15:10,208 --> 00:15:13,499
She falls about 10,000 feet
347
00:15:13,500 --> 00:15:16,292
and then miraculously,
out of nowhere,
348
00:15:17,167 --> 00:15:18,417
the chute opens again.
349
00:15:19,583 --> 00:15:22,832
- [Dan] Freezing, weak
and barely conscious,
350
00:15:22,833 --> 00:15:25,749
Ewa maneuvers her glider
safely to the ground
351
00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:27,916
40 miles from her launch site.
352
00:15:27,917 --> 00:15:29,207
- She's incredibly bruised
353
00:15:29,208 --> 00:15:32,666
from being struck by
massive balls of hail.
354
00:15:32,667 --> 00:15:34,082
She's got frostbite,
355
00:15:34,083 --> 00:15:37,082
but not only does she
make a complete recovery,
356
00:15:37,083 --> 00:15:39,041
but just weeks later,
357
00:15:39,042 --> 00:15:41,707
she's back up in the
paraglider again.
358
00:15:41,708 --> 00:15:43,374
- Ewa's near-death
journey remains
359
00:15:43,375 --> 00:15:46,166
the highest paraglider
flight ever documented
360
00:15:46,167 --> 00:15:48,874
and one of the most miraculous
escapes from disaster
361
00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:50,374
in any sport.
362
00:15:50,375 --> 00:15:53,025
Guess that's one way to make
it into the record books.
363
00:15:55,454 --> 00:15:57,707
- The reign of King Louis XVI
364
00:15:57,708 --> 00:15:58,666
and his queen, Marie Antoinette,
365
00:15:58,667 --> 00:16:00,374
famously ends in ruin,
366
00:16:00,375 --> 00:16:03,082
a revolution and
death by guillotine.
367
00:16:03,083 --> 00:16:05,874
But that may not be
surprising considering
368
00:16:05,875 --> 00:16:09,541
the unbelievable way
their marriage starts.
369
00:16:09,542 --> 00:16:12,166
[suspenseful music]
370
00:16:12,167 --> 00:16:15,374
- In the year 1770,
France and Austria are
371
00:16:15,375 --> 00:16:17,707
constantly at each other's
throats all the time,
372
00:16:17,708 --> 00:16:20,457
but a plan is devised
to create an alliance
373
00:16:20,458 --> 00:16:24,207
by marrying off Louis
XV's 15-year-old grandson
374
00:16:24,208 --> 00:16:28,332
to the 14-year-old
Archduchess of Austria.
375
00:16:28,333 --> 00:16:30,541
- Trying to explain to
the people of the country
376
00:16:30,542 --> 00:16:33,082
that we're gonna bring
in someone from Austria
377
00:16:33,083 --> 00:16:35,374
to be your future queen is
378
00:16:35,375 --> 00:16:36,791
a little bit of a hard sell.
379
00:16:36,792 --> 00:16:37,874
So the concept is,
380
00:16:37,875 --> 00:16:40,124
let's make this a
big celebration.
381
00:16:40,125 --> 00:16:41,374
We will show
everyone that this is
382
00:16:41,375 --> 00:16:44,083
really something to
get excited about.
383
00:16:44,084 --> 00:16:48,124
- [Dan] To seal the deal,
they pull out all the stops,
384
00:16:48,125 --> 00:16:49,749
including something
most Parisians
385
00:16:49,750 --> 00:16:51,332
have never seen before.
386
00:16:51,333 --> 00:16:53,041
[explosions]
387
00:16:53,042 --> 00:16:54,250
Fireworks.
388
00:16:55,125 --> 00:16:56,832
- At this point in history,
389
00:16:56,833 --> 00:17:00,041
fireworks are usually reserved
for royals and their guests,
390
00:17:00,042 --> 00:17:01,291
so this will be the first time
391
00:17:01,292 --> 00:17:02,999
that the masses will get to see
392
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,249
fireworks outside the palace.
393
00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:06,582
- The royal court hires
394
00:17:06,583 --> 00:17:08,832
the very best of the
best to put the show on.
395
00:17:08,833 --> 00:17:10,499
They're known as the
Ruggieri brothers
396
00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:13,499
and they are the personal
pyrotechnics experts
397
00:17:13,500 --> 00:17:14,550
to the French king.
398
00:17:17,292 --> 00:17:21,082
- So as the Ruggieri brothers
are preparing this display,
399
00:17:21,083 --> 00:17:23,374
the people of Paris are
packed into the square.
400
00:17:23,375 --> 00:17:25,207
This is like a
sardine situation.
401
00:17:25,208 --> 00:17:27,624
Everybody is just
shoulder to shoulder.
402
00:17:27,625 --> 00:17:29,041
[suspenseful music]
403
00:17:29,042 --> 00:17:31,082
- [Dan] The Ruggieri
brothers light the fuse,
404
00:17:31,083 --> 00:17:32,957
and as the show begins,
405
00:17:32,958 --> 00:17:35,707
throngs of spectators
marvel at the display.
406
00:17:35,708 --> 00:17:36,624
[fireworks bang]
407
00:17:36,625 --> 00:17:39,541
- Then the wind changes.
408
00:17:39,542 --> 00:17:40,957
[fireworks bang]
409
00:17:40,958 --> 00:17:44,042
And suddenly these
rockets start being blown.
410
00:17:44,076 --> 00:17:46,041
[fireworks bang]
411
00:17:46,042 --> 00:17:47,791
Right into the crowd.
412
00:17:47,792 --> 00:17:49,832
- And so a stampede ensues.
413
00:17:49,833 --> 00:17:50,957
[fireworks bang]
414
00:17:50,958 --> 00:17:52,374
[crowd screams]
415
00:17:52,375 --> 00:17:53,916
- People begin to panic
and rush to get away
416
00:17:53,917 --> 00:17:55,249
from the explosions.
417
00:17:55,250 --> 00:17:57,207
The problem is that they
are so tightly packed
418
00:17:57,208 --> 00:18:00,041
into the square and the
exits are so narrow,
419
00:18:00,042 --> 00:18:01,541
they can't get out.
420
00:18:01,542 --> 00:18:02,374
- During this melee,
421
00:18:02,375 --> 00:18:04,791
some of the fireworks then hit
422
00:18:04,792 --> 00:18:08,207
the actual wooden structure
that they're being fired off of
423
00:18:08,208 --> 00:18:11,207
and this causes a huge fire,
424
00:18:11,208 --> 00:18:13,707
which causes more
people to panic.
425
00:18:13,708 --> 00:18:15,707
- Hundreds are crushed
by the panicked crowd
426
00:18:15,708 --> 00:18:18,166
and others who managed to
get out of the square are
427
00:18:18,167 --> 00:18:20,517
pushed into the Seine,
river where they drown.
428
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,166
- The official
death toll is 133,
429
00:18:24,167 --> 00:18:25,541
which is enough to make it
430
00:18:25,542 --> 00:18:27,957
the deadliest fireworks
incident in history.
431
00:18:27,958 --> 00:18:29,416
But more recent estimates have
432
00:18:29,417 --> 00:18:32,416
put that death toll
at about 3,000.
433
00:18:32,417 --> 00:18:35,791
- As the reign of Louis XVI
and Marie Antoinette plays out
434
00:18:35,792 --> 00:18:37,541
and goes terribly,
435
00:18:37,542 --> 00:18:40,207
they make a lot of
mistakes along the way,
436
00:18:40,208 --> 00:18:43,416
but always in the back of
everyone's mind in France is
437
00:18:43,417 --> 00:18:45,916
the way this marriage started.
438
00:18:45,917 --> 00:18:48,374
- By the time we
reached the year 1793,
439
00:18:48,375 --> 00:18:50,749
Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette will actually be
440
00:18:50,750 --> 00:18:52,582
executed by guillotine
441
00:18:52,583 --> 00:18:55,874
exactly where that
fireworks show took place
442
00:18:55,875 --> 00:18:56,925
all those years ago.
443
00:18:59,208 --> 00:19:01,499
- If you think fleeing
an out of control fire
444
00:19:01,500 --> 00:19:03,874
while fighting an
angry mob sounds bad,
445
00:19:03,875 --> 00:19:06,082
try adding one more wrinkle,
446
00:19:06,083 --> 00:19:07,625
deadly predators.
447
00:19:10,708 --> 00:19:13,750
- It's 1902 on the Caribbean
island of Martinique.
448
00:19:15,375 --> 00:19:17,291
At the time, this territory is
449
00:19:17,292 --> 00:19:19,822
heavily controlled and
influenced by the French
450
00:19:22,375 --> 00:19:25,374
and the main city on
Martinique, Saint-Pierre,
451
00:19:25,375 --> 00:19:27,542
is considered a
sort of mini Paris.
452
00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:31,666
- Saint-Pierre is also
drop dead gorgeous,
453
00:19:31,667 --> 00:19:33,291
right on a sandy beach
454
00:19:33,292 --> 00:19:36,667
with the mass of Mount Pel�e
rising up in the background.
455
00:19:39,375 --> 00:19:41,249
- At this point,
there's only been
456
00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:44,082
a couple of small
eruptions since the 1700s,
457
00:19:44,083 --> 00:19:47,207
so people in the area don't
really consider it a threat,
458
00:19:47,208 --> 00:19:48,999
- [Dan] But that sense
of security begins
459
00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:50,874
to unravel in 1902,
460
00:19:50,875 --> 00:19:53,082
when Mount Pel�e
starts to act up
461
00:19:53,083 --> 00:19:55,625
and the signs are
hard to ignore.
462
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:59,082
- On the night of May 2nd,
463
00:19:59,083 --> 00:20:00,667
there is a small eruption
464
00:20:01,708 --> 00:20:03,916
and people in
Saint-Pierre start seeing
465
00:20:03,917 --> 00:20:06,041
some pretty strange sights,
466
00:20:06,042 --> 00:20:08,207
dead birds covered in ash,
467
00:20:08,208 --> 00:20:11,957
scores of dead fish
belly up in the harbor.
468
00:20:11,958 --> 00:20:13,416
- [Dan] Then on May 3rd,
469
00:20:13,417 --> 00:20:16,041
eruptions begin raining
ash on the town.
470
00:20:16,042 --> 00:20:17,541
The vibrations are so intense,
471
00:20:17,542 --> 00:20:20,833
they trigger a mudslide
that kills 150 people.
472
00:20:22,458 --> 00:20:24,249
- Conditions are worsening,
473
00:20:24,250 --> 00:20:26,374
the fumes are getting bad,
474
00:20:26,375 --> 00:20:28,041
and everybody's
starting to realize
475
00:20:28,042 --> 00:20:31,207
maybe it's time to
get off the island.
476
00:20:31,208 --> 00:20:33,207
- These violent tremors are
477
00:20:33,208 --> 00:20:36,291
not just panicking
the local population,
478
00:20:36,292 --> 00:20:39,208
they're also panicking
another local,
479
00:20:41,375 --> 00:20:44,874
the deadly poisonous
Martinique lancehead snake.
480
00:20:44,875 --> 00:20:46,957
[snake hisses]
481
00:20:46,958 --> 00:20:48,541
- These are pit vipers
482
00:20:48,542 --> 00:20:50,582
that can grow up
to six feet long,
483
00:20:50,583 --> 00:20:54,333
with venomous fangs and
a feisty disposition.
484
00:20:55,708 --> 00:20:56,999
[snake hisses]
485
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:58,832
- These fiercely territorial
snakes have been driven
486
00:20:58,833 --> 00:21:01,874
into the streets filled
with panicking and fleeing
487
00:21:01,875 --> 00:21:03,207
residents and tourists.
488
00:21:03,208 --> 00:21:05,208
It's a toxic combination.
489
00:21:06,125 --> 00:21:07,416
- The snakes are joined
490
00:21:07,417 --> 00:21:10,499
by swarms of biting yellow ants
491
00:21:10,500 --> 00:21:12,707
and large black centipedes
492
00:21:12,708 --> 00:21:15,499
all mingling with
the terrified people
493
00:21:15,500 --> 00:21:19,666
and lashing out at anyone
who gets too close.
494
00:21:19,667 --> 00:21:20,499
[gunfire bangs]
495
00:21:20,500 --> 00:21:21,749
- Even the military is called in
496
00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:23,791
and the soldiers, they
try to shoot the snakes,
497
00:21:23,792 --> 00:21:24,875
but it's ineffective.
498
00:21:26,292 --> 00:21:28,500
In all, 50 people
die from snake bites.
499
00:21:28,501 --> 00:21:31,791
- [Dan] Perhaps those
victims are the lucky ones
500
00:21:31,792 --> 00:21:35,291
because this Armageddon
is just getting started.
501
00:21:35,292 --> 00:21:36,541
[melodramatic music]
502
00:21:36,542 --> 00:21:39,875
- On May 8th at 8:00
AM, Mount Pel�e blows.
503
00:21:41,875 --> 00:21:43,624
- This is like an avalanche
504
00:21:43,625 --> 00:21:47,416
of sheer billowing hot
sulfur smoke that travels
505
00:21:47,417 --> 00:21:49,207
at 200 miles an hour
506
00:21:49,208 --> 00:21:51,416
and it's 1,300 degrees.
507
00:21:51,417 --> 00:21:54,874
It basically obliterates
everything in its path.
508
00:21:54,875 --> 00:21:55,666
[crowd screams]
509
00:21:55,667 --> 00:21:57,666
- There is no time to escape.
510
00:21:57,667 --> 00:22:00,916
People who don't die
from burns are suffocated
511
00:22:00,917 --> 00:22:04,625
as the heat sucks the
air out from their lungs.
512
00:22:09,375 --> 00:22:12,041
- [Dan] In a city of
nearly 30,000 people,
513
00:22:12,042 --> 00:22:14,417
there is just one survivor.
514
00:22:16,042 --> 00:22:19,375
- It's like a biblical
disaster come to life.
515
00:22:20,506 --> 00:22:23,791
- Is there anything
worse than being
516
00:22:23,792 --> 00:22:27,082
covered in snakes and
piping-hot volcanic gas?
517
00:22:27,083 --> 00:22:28,958
How about centuries
of raw sewage?
518
00:22:30,966 --> 00:22:34,207
- Many of our greatest
engineering marvels are
519
00:22:34,208 --> 00:22:35,582
achieved by testing the limits
520
00:22:35,583 --> 00:22:37,666
of what's been tried before.
521
00:22:37,667 --> 00:22:40,957
But in the case of one
famous 20th century engineer,
522
00:22:40,958 --> 00:22:46,000
his thirst for innovation
takes things a bridge too far.
523
00:22:46,833 --> 00:22:47,916
[tense music]
524
00:22:47,917 --> 00:22:49,624
- So in between the city
of Tacoma, Washington
525
00:22:49,625 --> 00:22:51,582
and the Kitsap Peninsula is
526
00:22:51,583 --> 00:22:53,583
the Tacoma Narrow Strait,
527
00:22:54,542 --> 00:22:55,999
but without a bridge,
528
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:59,707
the only way to get to
the peninsula is by boat.
529
00:22:59,708 --> 00:23:03,166
- By the 1930s, government
officials in Tacoma are
530
00:23:03,167 --> 00:23:04,499
dreaming of a bridge,
531
00:23:04,500 --> 00:23:05,791
but this is a big dream.
532
00:23:05,792 --> 00:23:08,541
They need a way to
cover 7,000 feet,
533
00:23:08,542 --> 00:23:11,374
so this is no small proposition.
534
00:23:11,375 --> 00:23:12,582
- [Dan] To pull this off,
535
00:23:12,583 --> 00:23:14,582
they turn to engineer
Leon Moisseiff,
536
00:23:14,583 --> 00:23:16,374
who's just finished
the revolutionary
537
00:23:16,375 --> 00:23:18,333
Golden Gate Bridge.
538
00:23:18,334 --> 00:23:19,791
- When you look at the
Golden Gate Bridge,
539
00:23:19,792 --> 00:23:21,707
you may not appreciate that it's
540
00:23:21,708 --> 00:23:23,832
actually a very subtle
piece of engineering.
541
00:23:23,833 --> 00:23:26,499
It looks like it's big
and metal and rigid,
542
00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:28,082
but there's actually
a lot of give to it.
543
00:23:28,083 --> 00:23:32,916
Literally, it can move as it
needs to so things don't break.
544
00:23:32,917 --> 00:23:35,582
- [Dan] Moisseiff's secret
weapon is flexibility,
545
00:23:35,583 --> 00:23:39,291
but his new design pushes
that concept to the edge.
546
00:23:39,292 --> 00:23:41,332
- The bridge that
he proposes would be
547
00:23:41,333 --> 00:23:43,707
the third longest
bridge in the country,
548
00:23:43,708 --> 00:23:46,916
yet he's imagining
something much narrower,
549
00:23:46,917 --> 00:23:50,457
almost half as wide as
the Golden Gate Bridge.
550
00:23:50,458 --> 00:23:52,332
- [Dan] Despite
the daring design,
551
00:23:52,333 --> 00:23:54,667
the bridge takes just
two years to build.
552
00:23:55,750 --> 00:23:58,166
- [Person Off-Camera]
And on July 1st, 1940,
553
00:23:58,167 --> 00:24:00,749
amidst massive fanfare,
554
00:24:00,750 --> 00:24:02,916
the bridge opens to the public.
555
00:24:02,917 --> 00:24:05,124
- [Dan] The celebration,
however, is short-lived
556
00:24:05,125 --> 00:24:09,874
when a big flaw shows there's
such a thing as too flexible.
557
00:24:09,875 --> 00:24:13,416
- This bridge is
long and narrow,
558
00:24:13,417 --> 00:24:14,792
and when the winds pick up,
559
00:24:16,458 --> 00:24:19,667
it begins to sway and roll.
560
00:24:21,083 --> 00:24:23,332
And almost as soon as it opens,
561
00:24:23,333 --> 00:24:26,666
it gets its nickname,
Galloping Gertie.
562
00:24:26,667 --> 00:24:28,999
- [Dan] Then on one
November morning,
563
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:32,957
the winds give Galloping Gertie
its most violent ride yet.
564
00:24:32,958 --> 00:24:33,999
[wind whistles]
565
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:35,999
- On the morning of
November 7th, 1940,
566
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:38,791
the winds are pretty strong
over Galloping Gertie.
567
00:24:38,792 --> 00:24:42,124
And so as people are
driving across the bridge,
568
00:24:42,125 --> 00:24:43,791
they're actually seeing it shift
569
00:24:43,792 --> 00:24:46,624
noticeably from left to right.
570
00:24:46,625 --> 00:24:49,458
- [Dan] As winds spike to
nearly 45 miles an hour,
571
00:24:50,833 --> 00:24:53,916
Gertie is quickly becoming
a galloping disaster.
572
00:24:53,917 --> 00:24:56,499
- The whole surface
of the bridge is
573
00:24:56,500 --> 00:24:59,874
going 45 degrees to 45 degrees,
574
00:24:59,875 --> 00:25:02,499
bending and turning
like gift ribbon.
575
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:06,124
Cars are being thrown
and slapped around.
576
00:25:06,125 --> 00:25:08,416
- Drivers don't know
totally what to do.
577
00:25:08,417 --> 00:25:09,624
Do they keep going?
578
00:25:09,625 --> 00:25:11,499
Do they turn around?
579
00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:12,957
- [Dan] Around 11:00 AM,
580
00:25:12,958 --> 00:25:16,999
onlookers witness Gertie's
tragic final gallop.
581
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,666
[metal creaks]
582
00:25:19,667 --> 00:25:21,541
[falling bridge crashes]
583
00:25:21,542 --> 00:25:22,874
- This becomes one of the most
584
00:25:22,875 --> 00:25:26,666
mind-blowing engineering
disasters of all time,
585
00:25:26,667 --> 00:25:29,625
but the footage becomes
notorious in its own right.
586
00:25:31,125 --> 00:25:32,874
- Perhaps not surprisingly,
587
00:25:32,875 --> 00:25:36,500
investigators blame it
on excessive flexibility.
588
00:25:38,375 --> 00:25:40,916
Engineers learn from this lesson
589
00:25:40,917 --> 00:25:42,916
and they build bridges
that don't have
590
00:25:42,917 --> 00:25:45,125
the same flexibility
going forward.
591
00:25:46,667 --> 00:25:50,332
- A new bridge is built 10
years later to cross the Strait,
592
00:25:50,333 --> 00:25:51,625
and it still stands today.
593
00:25:53,208 --> 00:25:56,999
- Bad engineering can set
you up for a disastrous fall,
594
00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:59,707
whether you're over a
raging body of water
595
00:25:59,708 --> 00:26:02,207
or something far, far worse.
596
00:26:02,208 --> 00:26:03,832
[melodramatic music]
597
00:26:03,833 --> 00:26:06,374
- It's July, 1184 in Germany,
598
00:26:06,375 --> 00:26:08,874
a time when nobles and leaders
of the Catholic Church are
599
00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:11,541
constantly battling
each other over control
600
00:26:11,542 --> 00:26:13,707
over key pieces of territory.
601
00:26:13,708 --> 00:26:15,874
- [Dan] A nobleman
and an archbishop are
602
00:26:15,875 --> 00:26:17,874
having one of these
land disputes,
603
00:26:17,875 --> 00:26:20,916
so they ask the
king to intervene.
604
00:26:20,917 --> 00:26:24,207
- King Henrich convenes
a conference of himself,
605
00:26:24,208 --> 00:26:25,457
the two men in dispute,
606
00:26:25,458 --> 00:26:27,999
and a pool of nobles
and colleagues
607
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,374
to settle this issue
once and for all.
608
00:26:31,375 --> 00:26:34,624
- [Dan] For this meeting, the
king chooses a neutral site,
609
00:26:34,625 --> 00:26:37,707
St. Peter's Monastery
in the town of Herford.
610
00:26:37,708 --> 00:26:40,207
- St. Peter's
Monastery and church is
611
00:26:40,208 --> 00:26:43,749
originally built for a
couple dozen or so monks
612
00:26:43,750 --> 00:26:46,249
to worship and to study.
613
00:26:46,250 --> 00:26:50,749
But today, over 100 nobles
pour into this tiny room
614
00:26:50,750 --> 00:26:52,332
for the conference.
615
00:26:52,333 --> 00:26:53,666
- Right from the jump,
616
00:26:53,667 --> 00:26:55,541
the two sides begin
bickering and arguing
617
00:26:55,542 --> 00:26:56,802
and insulting each other.
618
00:26:56,803 --> 00:26:58,916
And as they do, some of
the nobles begin to notice
619
00:26:58,917 --> 00:27:01,124
that the wooden floorboards
beneath their feet
620
00:27:01,125 --> 00:27:02,332
begin to creak.
621
00:27:02,333 --> 00:27:03,707
[floorboards creak]
622
00:27:03,708 --> 00:27:05,749
- [Dan] However, everyone
is too distracted
623
00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,166
to pay much attention to it.
624
00:27:08,167 --> 00:27:11,666
- The king is doing his
best to mediate this debate,
625
00:27:11,667 --> 00:27:13,457
but things aren't going so well.
626
00:27:13,458 --> 00:27:15,207
So, he grabs one of the noblemen
627
00:27:15,208 --> 00:27:19,124
and they go off into a corner
to try to settle this thing.
628
00:27:19,125 --> 00:27:21,999
- Meanwhile, the
creaks and the cracks
629
00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:24,582
of the wooden floor
are getting louder,
630
00:27:24,583 --> 00:27:26,749
and then it all opens up.
631
00:27:26,750 --> 00:27:30,082
[floor creaks loudly]
632
00:27:30,083 --> 00:27:31,916
- [Dan] Dozens of men
fall through the floor
633
00:27:31,917 --> 00:27:34,999
into a rude and
disgusting surprise below,
634
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:38,499
because beneath this
monastery is no basement.
635
00:27:38,500 --> 00:27:40,374
- It's a giant cesspool.
636
00:27:40,375 --> 00:27:42,999
Before the days of
modern plumbing,
637
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:45,957
human excrement
had to go somewhere
638
00:27:45,958 --> 00:27:49,166
and so they would create
these giant holes.
639
00:27:49,167 --> 00:27:49,999
And so this church had
640
00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:52,917
its own cesspool
under the floor.
641
00:27:54,833 --> 00:27:57,124
- The noblemen are
sent into shock.
642
00:27:57,125 --> 00:27:59,124
In this era, very few
people know how to swim,
643
00:27:59,125 --> 00:28:02,207
so they are literally
drowning in human waste.
644
00:28:02,208 --> 00:28:05,832
- [Dan] Even those who can
swim face another deadly peril.
645
00:28:05,833 --> 00:28:07,207
- One thing about cesspools is
646
00:28:07,208 --> 00:28:11,499
that they always have
toxic methane gas,
647
00:28:11,500 --> 00:28:14,999
and this methane can make a
person pass out in seconds,
648
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,332
which is what many of
the men began to do.
649
00:28:17,333 --> 00:28:19,666
- Perhaps the luckiest man
in the room is King Heinrich,
650
00:28:19,667 --> 00:28:22,291
who happened to be standing in
a corner on a piece of stone.
651
00:28:22,292 --> 00:28:23,791
So when the floor gave way,
652
00:28:23,792 --> 00:28:26,582
he was able to reach up and
grab onto an iron fitting
653
00:28:26,583 --> 00:28:29,291
of a window until
he could be rescued.
654
00:28:29,292 --> 00:28:31,082
- [Dan] Unfortunately,
most of the men
655
00:28:31,083 --> 00:28:34,541
gathered for this disastrous
meeting aren't as fortunate.
656
00:28:34,542 --> 00:28:39,332
More than 60 noblemen perish
in the sea of holy excrement.
657
00:28:39,333 --> 00:28:40,832
- This has to go down
658
00:28:40,833 --> 00:28:45,207
as one of the most tragic
and disgusting events
659
00:28:45,208 --> 00:28:46,348
in the medieval period.
660
00:28:46,349 --> 00:28:50,291
- The event is chronicled
in German history
661
00:28:50,292 --> 00:28:52,707
as the Herford Latrine Fall,
662
00:28:52,708 --> 00:28:54,707
which doesn't quite
capture the calamity
663
00:28:54,708 --> 00:28:57,375
of drowning in a massive
pit of monk waste.
664
00:28:59,586 --> 00:29:03,207
- When you think of
great balloon disasters,
665
00:29:03,208 --> 00:29:05,207
you might visualize something
fiery and terrifying
666
00:29:05,208 --> 00:29:06,666
like the Hindenburg.
667
00:29:06,667 --> 00:29:08,624
You certainly wouldn't
think of a battalion
668
00:29:08,625 --> 00:29:10,791
of innocent birthday balloons
669
00:29:10,792 --> 00:29:12,833
bringing a city to its knees.
670
00:29:14,708 --> 00:29:16,874
- It's 1986 and
there's a feeling
671
00:29:16,875 --> 00:29:19,541
that Cleveland really
needs to remake its image.
672
00:29:19,542 --> 00:29:22,207
It's gone through really
difficult economic times,
673
00:29:22,208 --> 00:29:24,124
and it's often the
butt of the joke
674
00:29:24,125 --> 00:29:26,708
that calls them the
Mistake on the Lake.
675
00:29:26,709 --> 00:29:29,374
- In attempt to try to
rebrand their image,
676
00:29:29,375 --> 00:29:31,582
Cleveland's United
Way chapter decides
677
00:29:31,583 --> 00:29:32,707
they're gonna try to break
678
00:29:32,708 --> 00:29:34,749
a sort of odd world record
679
00:29:34,750 --> 00:29:37,999
by being the city that releases
680
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:40,791
the most amount of balloons
at the exact same time
681
00:29:40,792 --> 00:29:42,041
into the air.
682
00:29:42,042 --> 00:29:45,707
- And they decide to
call it Balloonfest '86.
683
00:29:45,708 --> 00:29:48,375
[crowd cheers]
684
00:29:48,376 --> 00:29:50,749
- [Person Off-Camera] In
order to kick off the city's
685
00:29:50,750 --> 00:29:52,291
United Way charity campaign,
686
00:29:52,292 --> 00:29:54,832
volunteers blew up
one and a half million
687
00:29:54,833 --> 00:29:56,874
helium-filled balloons.
688
00:29:56,875 --> 00:29:59,124
- [Dan] After more than
six months of preparation,
689
00:29:59,125 --> 00:30:02,041
excited Clevelanders are
ready to make history.
690
00:30:02,042 --> 00:30:04,082
- Nearly 100,000 people come out
691
00:30:04,083 --> 00:30:06,374
to this large
square in Cleveland,
692
00:30:06,375 --> 00:30:08,916
and you have people
watching from rooftops
693
00:30:08,917 --> 00:30:10,249
and from balconies,
694
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:11,541
it's a show.
695
00:30:11,542 --> 00:30:12,832
[crowd cheers]
696
00:30:12,833 --> 00:30:14,374
- [Dan] As the massive
net is released,
697
00:30:14,375 --> 00:30:18,791
a plume of 1.5 million
balloons rises into the sky.
698
00:30:18,792 --> 00:30:19,874
- It was beautiful.
699
00:30:19,875 --> 00:30:22,832
It looked like
confetti going up.
700
00:30:22,833 --> 00:30:24,332
- It's an amazing sight.
701
00:30:24,333 --> 00:30:27,874
Everyone is just blown away
by what they're witnessing.
702
00:30:27,875 --> 00:30:30,541
But suddenly, the
winds begin to pick up.
703
00:30:30,542 --> 00:30:32,916
[ominous music]
704
00:30:32,917 --> 00:30:35,041
- Things really quickly
take a turn for the worst
705
00:30:35,042 --> 00:30:36,707
because the wind starts
taking these balloons
706
00:30:36,708 --> 00:30:37,874
to all different places
707
00:30:37,875 --> 00:30:39,207
that they don't really
want them going.
708
00:30:39,208 --> 00:30:40,957
And then on top of
that, it starts raining,
709
00:30:40,958 --> 00:30:43,791
which starts bringing all
the balloons back down again.
710
00:30:43,792 --> 00:30:45,832
- This is a problem
because the organizers had
711
00:30:45,833 --> 00:30:48,541
actually planned to
fill the balloons
712
00:30:48,542 --> 00:30:49,999
with different amounts of helium
713
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:51,957
so that they would
come back to the ground
714
00:30:51,958 --> 00:30:53,457
at different times.
715
00:30:53,458 --> 00:30:54,749
That would make cleanup easier.
716
00:30:54,750 --> 00:30:56,749
It wouldn't all happen at once,
717
00:30:56,750 --> 00:30:58,833
but now it's all
happening at once.
718
00:30:59,917 --> 00:31:03,249
- The balloons begin
littering the ground.
719
00:31:03,250 --> 00:31:06,582
- [Dan] Soon the Burke Lakefront
airport is forced to close
720
00:31:06,583 --> 00:31:09,375
and the damage is not
even close to being done.
721
00:31:09,376 --> 00:31:12,041
- The night before the
launching of these balloons,
722
00:31:12,042 --> 00:31:14,499
two fishermen on
Lake Erie get lost,
723
00:31:14,500 --> 00:31:16,292
so a rescue effort was underway,
724
00:31:17,458 --> 00:31:20,749
but due to the hundreds
of thousands of balloons
725
00:31:20,750 --> 00:31:23,499
that are literally just
covering Lake Erie,
726
00:31:23,500 --> 00:31:26,958
it becomes to next to impossible
to find these fishermen.
727
00:31:26,959 --> 00:31:30,082
- [Dan] The Coast Guard
suspends the search
728
00:31:30,083 --> 00:31:35,083
and sadly, both men's bodies
are recovered weeks later.
729
00:31:37,083 --> 00:31:40,249
- The families of the missing
fishermen are outraged.
730
00:31:40,250 --> 00:31:41,999
Later, the families will sue
731
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:44,500
the United Way for $3.2 million.
732
00:31:45,750 --> 00:31:47,207
- Weeks after this disaster,
733
00:31:47,208 --> 00:31:50,499
balloons are found on beaches
as far away as Ontario.
734
00:31:50,500 --> 00:31:53,999
Just imagine how this was bad
for the wildlife in the area.
735
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,207
You can't have birds and
fish chowing down on latex,
736
00:31:57,208 --> 00:31:59,916
and it's just a
massive disaster.
737
00:31:59,917 --> 00:32:02,416
- Amazingly, organizers
actually do get credit
738
00:32:02,417 --> 00:32:05,041
for breaking this
Guinness World Record.
739
00:32:05,042 --> 00:32:08,166
But given what we know
about the environmental hit,
740
00:32:08,167 --> 00:32:09,624
this doesn't seem like a record
741
00:32:09,625 --> 00:32:11,292
anybody's rushing to break.
742
00:32:13,208 --> 00:32:16,707
- Thousands of rogue balloons
is certainly cause for alarm,
743
00:32:16,708 --> 00:32:17,957
but at least none of them were
744
00:32:17,958 --> 00:32:20,042
filled with
weapons-grade plutonium.
745
00:32:21,875 --> 00:32:23,541
- It's the height
of the Cold War.
746
00:32:23,542 --> 00:32:26,916
And on this morning, an
American B-52 bomber is
747
00:32:26,917 --> 00:32:29,124
flying over the
Mediterranean near Spain
748
00:32:29,125 --> 00:32:31,166
and it's running low on fuel.
749
00:32:31,167 --> 00:32:33,499
The pilot lines up
behind a tanker plane
750
00:32:33,500 --> 00:32:34,917
for mid-air refueling.
751
00:32:36,083 --> 00:32:38,166
- But the B-52 is
coming in too hot.
752
00:32:38,167 --> 00:32:41,499
He's approaching the
tanker with too much speed
753
00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:44,999
and they're getting dangerously
close to one another.
754
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:47,999
- Ordinarily, you'd hear
the boom operator command
755
00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,666
that B-52 aircraft to slow down
756
00:32:50,667 --> 00:32:51,791
and that command would be
757
00:32:51,792 --> 00:32:53,874
breakaway, breakaway, breakaway.
758
00:32:53,875 --> 00:32:55,666
But for some reason on that day,
759
00:32:55,667 --> 00:32:57,208
they didn't hear that command.
760
00:32:58,625 --> 00:33:01,374
[metal screeches]
761
00:33:01,375 --> 00:33:02,582
[explosion bangs]
762
00:33:02,583 --> 00:33:05,207
- The tanker explodes,
it bursts into flames.
763
00:33:05,208 --> 00:33:08,749
Both aircraft are destroyed
and they both crash.
764
00:33:08,750 --> 00:33:10,374
- [Dan] Seven airmen are killed.
765
00:33:10,375 --> 00:33:13,332
But there are unbelievable
ramifications of this crash
766
00:33:13,333 --> 00:33:15,958
that are about to threaten
the lives of millions.
767
00:33:16,875 --> 00:33:18,874
- That B-52 on that day was
768
00:33:18,875 --> 00:33:22,375
carrying four
thermonuclear weapons.
769
00:33:23,375 --> 00:33:24,957
- As the aircraft tears apart,
770
00:33:24,958 --> 00:33:27,166
the four bombs are ejected.
771
00:33:27,167 --> 00:33:30,207
They're now in free fall
above the coast of Spain,
772
00:33:30,208 --> 00:33:33,791
each of which over 100
times more powerful
773
00:33:33,792 --> 00:33:36,166
than the bomb detonated
over Hiroshima.
774
00:33:36,167 --> 00:33:37,707
[bomb explodes]
775
00:33:37,708 --> 00:33:40,124
- Luckily, nuclear weapons
are designed not to go off
776
00:33:40,125 --> 00:33:42,207
unless you really,
really want them to.
777
00:33:42,208 --> 00:33:44,207
If the safety is
still on, so to speak,
778
00:33:44,208 --> 00:33:46,042
it's not going to
set off the nuke.
779
00:33:46,043 --> 00:33:48,791
- [Dan] Even though no
mushroom clouds appear
780
00:33:48,792 --> 00:33:50,332
over the Spanish coast,
781
00:33:50,333 --> 00:33:52,916
that doesn't mean
disaster is averted.
782
00:33:52,917 --> 00:33:55,499
- They are for hours
unaccounted for,
783
00:33:55,500 --> 00:33:57,541
and that's a very
dangerous situation.
784
00:33:57,542 --> 00:33:59,874
- United States forces
spring into action
785
00:33:59,875 --> 00:34:02,666
and scramble to search for these
786
00:34:02,667 --> 00:34:05,166
with utmost importance.
787
00:34:05,167 --> 00:34:07,207
- Amazingly, within 24 hours,
788
00:34:07,208 --> 00:34:09,416
they discover three
of the four bombs.
789
00:34:09,417 --> 00:34:11,947
They're near a fishing
village called Palomares.
790
00:34:13,167 --> 00:34:15,666
Now this doesn't set
off a nuclear explosion,
791
00:34:15,667 --> 00:34:19,166
but it does spew radioactive
plutonium into the air,
792
00:34:19,167 --> 00:34:23,124
which has irradiated large
chunks of the Spanish coastline.
793
00:34:23,125 --> 00:34:26,167
- [Dan] There's also a
fourth bomb still missing.
794
00:34:27,542 --> 00:34:30,916
- Thus enters a fisherman,
Francisco Sim� Orts.
795
00:34:30,917 --> 00:34:32,624
He claims to the
United States Navy
796
00:34:32,625 --> 00:34:36,791
that he saw the fourth
bomb splash down
797
00:34:36,792 --> 00:34:38,457
somewhere in the Mediterranean,
798
00:34:38,458 --> 00:34:41,167
which prompts yet
another massive search.
799
00:34:42,167 --> 00:34:44,207
- Time is of the
essence in this search,
800
00:34:44,208 --> 00:34:46,541
and that's because it's
the height of the Cold War.
801
00:34:46,542 --> 00:34:48,374
So it could be that the
Soviets are out there
802
00:34:48,375 --> 00:34:49,874
'cause they would
love nothing more
803
00:34:49,875 --> 00:34:53,207
than to get their hands on a
B28 F1 thermonuclear weapon
804
00:34:53,208 --> 00:34:56,374
and compare it to the technology
that they have developed.
805
00:34:56,375 --> 00:34:57,666
- With Francisco's help,
806
00:34:57,667 --> 00:35:00,124
about 30 Navy ships
begin combing the area
807
00:35:00,125 --> 00:35:01,207
looking for this fourth bomb.
808
00:35:01,208 --> 00:35:03,208
They find it about
80 days later.
809
00:35:05,875 --> 00:35:07,416
[eerie music]
810
00:35:07,417 --> 00:35:10,874
- Now, according to maritime
salvage tradition and law,
811
00:35:10,875 --> 00:35:12,707
Francisco should be accorded
812
00:35:12,708 --> 00:35:17,791
1% of the bomb's value
for helping to find it.
813
00:35:17,792 --> 00:35:19,082
- The declared value
814
00:35:19,083 --> 00:35:21,749
of a B28 F1 thermonuclear
free-fall bomb
815
00:35:21,750 --> 00:35:24,332
was $2 billion in 1966.
816
00:35:24,333 --> 00:35:27,541
Technically, Francisco was
entitled to $20 million.
817
00:35:27,542 --> 00:35:30,791
That would've made him Spain's
newest multimillionaire.
818
00:35:30,792 --> 00:35:35,041
- According to Francisco, the
military has never paid up,
819
00:35:35,042 --> 00:35:38,208
but of course he does come
away with a fantastic nickname,
820
00:35:39,083 --> 00:35:40,375
Paco de la Bomba.
821
00:35:44,349 --> 00:35:48,332
- Maritime disasters
are usually caused
822
00:35:48,333 --> 00:35:51,374
by something ominous like an
iceberg or a violent storm.
823
00:35:51,375 --> 00:35:52,999
But there's one deep sea debacle
824
00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:57,124
that happens simply because
a guy just really has to go.
825
00:35:57,125 --> 00:35:59,249
[dramatic music]
826
00:35:59,250 --> 00:36:01,999
- A newly commissioned
state-of-the-art submarine,
827
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:05,874
U-1206, is the pride
of the Nazi Navy.
828
00:36:05,875 --> 00:36:08,791
Commanding the submarine on
its maiden combat mission is
829
00:36:08,792 --> 00:36:10,874
a very green captain,
830
00:36:10,875 --> 00:36:13,667
27-year-old Karl-Adolf Schlitt.
831
00:36:15,042 --> 00:36:18,291
- On this date, Schlitt
has U-1206 at 200 feet
832
00:36:18,292 --> 00:36:20,667
patrolling just off of Scotland,
833
00:36:20,668 --> 00:36:24,124
but he's also dealing with
the headache of one engine
834
00:36:24,125 --> 00:36:25,749
that's inoperable
835
00:36:25,750 --> 00:36:27,666
and he has engineers
who are working
836
00:36:27,667 --> 00:36:29,417
to return that
engine to service.
837
00:36:30,792 --> 00:36:33,791
- [Dan] Suddenly, Captain
Schlitt finds himself
838
00:36:33,792 --> 00:36:35,707
in need of a bathroom break.
839
00:36:35,708 --> 00:36:40,291
- Luckily, this sub has a new,
state-of-the-art technology,
840
00:36:40,292 --> 00:36:43,249
an underwater flushing toilet.
841
00:36:43,250 --> 00:36:47,582
It has this complicated
system of valves and chambers
842
00:36:47,583 --> 00:36:50,166
that allow the waste
to be expelled,
843
00:36:50,167 --> 00:36:51,832
kind of like a torpedo.
844
00:36:51,833 --> 00:36:52,749
[toilet flushes]
845
00:36:52,750 --> 00:36:54,010
It's shot out at pressure.
846
00:36:55,458 --> 00:36:57,374
- [Dan] It's so complicated,
847
00:36:57,375 --> 00:36:59,207
it even has its own engineer
848
00:36:59,208 --> 00:37:01,292
dubbed the toilet officer.
849
00:37:02,833 --> 00:37:06,374
- So when Captain Schlitt
finished doing his business,
850
00:37:06,375 --> 00:37:09,082
that special toilet officer is
851
00:37:09,083 --> 00:37:11,167
still trying to fix the engine.
852
00:37:11,168 --> 00:37:13,999
Schlitt takes it
into his own hands
853
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:15,374
and decides to undergo
854
00:37:15,375 --> 00:37:17,707
the complex flushing
procedure by himself.
855
00:37:17,708 --> 00:37:21,707
He turns a couple knobs,
flips a couple levers,
856
00:37:21,708 --> 00:37:23,166
but nothing happens.
857
00:37:23,167 --> 00:37:25,217
He decides to summon
the toilet officer.
858
00:37:26,500 --> 00:37:29,624
- The toilet officer
begins to flush the system,
859
00:37:29,625 --> 00:37:33,707
not realizing that Schlitt
had already opened two valves.
860
00:37:33,708 --> 00:37:37,875
This results in the opening
of valves out of sequence.
861
00:37:40,375 --> 00:37:42,374
[water gushes]
862
00:37:42,375 --> 00:37:46,332
- In an instant, sea water
and human waste comes
863
00:37:46,333 --> 00:37:49,375
flooding into the
chamber at full force.
864
00:37:50,625 --> 00:37:53,999
- The battery compartment
fills with this sea water,
865
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:58,624
which reacts with the battery
acid to produce chlorine gas,
866
00:37:58,625 --> 00:38:01,792
which has the potential to kill
everybody on the submarine.
867
00:38:01,793 --> 00:38:05,541
- Captain Schlitt
only has one option,
868
00:38:05,542 --> 00:38:08,957
perform an emergency
surfacing procedure
869
00:38:08,958 --> 00:38:10,667
and shoot to the to.
870
00:38:13,542 --> 00:38:15,332
- When the sub surfaces,
871
00:38:15,333 --> 00:38:18,041
they're immediately
spotted by Allied aircraft
872
00:38:18,042 --> 00:38:19,707
and come under heavy fire.
873
00:38:19,708 --> 00:38:21,041
[explosion bangs]
874
00:38:21,042 --> 00:38:25,041
- Schlitt has no choice
but to scuttle the U-1206
875
00:38:25,042 --> 00:38:26,707
before it falls
into enemy hands.
876
00:38:26,708 --> 00:38:28,999
He orders his crew
onto lifeboats,
877
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:30,416
orders the valves open,
878
00:38:30,417 --> 00:38:33,041
and the sub plunges
beneath the waves
879
00:38:33,042 --> 00:38:34,852
to the bottom of
the North Atlantic.
880
00:38:38,042 --> 00:38:40,958
- Four of his 50 crewmen
die in this procedure.
881
00:38:40,959 --> 00:38:44,749
Captain Schlitt survives
the ordeal though,
882
00:38:44,750 --> 00:38:46,707
and lives to 2009.
883
00:38:46,708 --> 00:38:49,082
And his legacy, he'll
forever be known
884
00:38:49,083 --> 00:38:51,666
as the captain who lost a ship
885
00:38:51,667 --> 00:38:54,417
due to one fatal toilet flush.
886
00:38:56,125 --> 00:38:57,249
[toilet flushes]
887
00:38:57,250 --> 00:38:59,124
- That's one costly
bathroom break,
888
00:38:59,125 --> 00:39:03,041
but what about $300 million
going down the drain?
889
00:39:03,042 --> 00:39:05,832
[suspenseful music]
890
00:39:05,833 --> 00:39:07,582
- It's February of 2022,
891
00:39:07,583 --> 00:39:09,874
and you have the
Felicity Ace cargo ship
892
00:39:09,875 --> 00:39:12,292
sailing from Germany
to the United States.
893
00:39:13,458 --> 00:39:16,666
It's carrying around
4,000 luxury cars.
894
00:39:16,667 --> 00:39:19,041
We're talking everything
from Lamborghinis
895
00:39:19,042 --> 00:39:20,624
to Porsches to Bentleys,
896
00:39:20,625 --> 00:39:21,999
and some of these
cars are costing
897
00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:25,249
as much as $400,000 a pop.
898
00:39:25,250 --> 00:39:27,416
- So the Felicity Ace is
899
00:39:27,417 --> 00:39:30,707
in the vicinity of an island
chain called the Azores
900
00:39:30,708 --> 00:39:34,124
when a massive fire breaks out.
901
00:39:34,125 --> 00:39:36,083
But this is no ordinary fire.
902
00:39:37,542 --> 00:39:41,332
This is a fire fueled
by lithium ion batteries
903
00:39:41,333 --> 00:39:45,457
and the 22-man crew
cannot control this fire.
904
00:39:45,458 --> 00:39:47,416
- Rescue teams do
arrive by helicopter
905
00:39:47,417 --> 00:39:48,999
and they do make sure
that the crew is safe,
906
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,957
but it takes crews
ultimately around two weeks
907
00:39:51,958 --> 00:39:53,008
to put the blaze out.
908
00:39:54,125 --> 00:39:57,541
- The structural damage
to the ship is so severe,
909
00:39:57,542 --> 00:40:00,707
it can't make the trip
to New York on its own.
910
00:40:00,708 --> 00:40:03,041
However, there is still hope
911
00:40:03,042 --> 00:40:05,082
for quite a few of the cars
912
00:40:05,083 --> 00:40:06,707
and their manufacturer says,
913
00:40:06,708 --> 00:40:09,957
"Listen, we don't need to
lose all of our inventory.
914
00:40:09,958 --> 00:40:14,457
Let's try to salvage this so
this is not a complete loss."
915
00:40:14,458 --> 00:40:16,957
- [Dan] A rescue tugboat
arrives from Portugal
916
00:40:16,958 --> 00:40:19,707
and attempts to tow
the ship to safety.
917
00:40:19,708 --> 00:40:22,374
- As soon as they
start to tow this boat,
918
00:40:22,375 --> 00:40:26,541
it begins to list to the
right and to the left,
919
00:40:26,542 --> 00:40:28,124
and each time it does,
920
00:40:28,125 --> 00:40:29,666
it takes on more water.
921
00:40:29,667 --> 00:40:31,707
And as it takes on more water,
922
00:40:31,708 --> 00:40:34,541
it becomes harder
and harder to move
923
00:40:34,542 --> 00:40:37,917
and eventually, it
rolls over on its side.
924
00:40:39,042 --> 00:40:40,416
- So all of these people,
925
00:40:40,417 --> 00:40:42,457
the ship's crew
and the rescuers,
926
00:40:42,458 --> 00:40:44,291
the tug boat team are watching,
927
00:40:44,292 --> 00:40:47,541
not being able to do anything
as the full cargo vessel
928
00:40:47,542 --> 00:40:50,582
full of these expensive
cars slowly sinks
929
00:40:50,583 --> 00:40:51,791
to the bottom of the ocean,
930
00:40:51,792 --> 00:40:53,958
10,000 feet down into the sea.
931
00:40:55,500 --> 00:40:59,832
- The estimated total loss
for these 4,000 cars is
932
00:40:59,833 --> 00:41:01,500
$330 million.
933
00:41:02,333 --> 00:41:03,832
[water gurgles]
934
00:41:03,833 --> 00:41:04,791
[tense music]
935
00:41:04,792 --> 00:41:06,207
- If you ever wanted
a free Bentley,
936
00:41:06,208 --> 00:41:08,666
now you know where
you can find one.
937
00:41:08,667 --> 00:41:11,541
Whether it's a blazing hell
hole in a remote desert,
938
00:41:11,542 --> 00:41:14,541
a fireworks display
gone horribly wrong
939
00:41:14,542 --> 00:41:17,124
or one catastrophic
flush of the commode,
940
00:41:17,125 --> 00:41:20,541
these are the disasters
that are so inconceivable
941
00:41:20,542 --> 00:41:22,833
they are truly unbelievable.
942
00:41:22,883 --> 00:41:27,433
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