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Imagine a drilling
accident so catastrophic
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00:00:17,958 --> 00:00:21,082
it unleashes a
literal hell on earth.
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00:00:21,083 --> 00:00:23,916
The crew is in an
all-out panic now.
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00:00:23,917 --> 00:00:28,332
They've opened up a
230-foot wide crater.
5
00:00:28,333 --> 00:00:30,374
They're nauseous from the fumes.
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00:00:30,375 --> 00:00:32,541
What do you do in
this situation?
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00:00:32,542 --> 00:00:35,874
There's no valve you can turn
to shut off the gas flow.
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00:00:37,292 --> 00:00:40,542
Or transporting a
nuclear bomb and losing it.
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00:00:41,583 --> 00:00:44,249
They are for hours
unaccounted for
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00:00:44,250 --> 00:00:46,374
and that's a very
dangerous situation.
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00:00:46,375 --> 00:00:48,666
United States forces
spring into action,
12
00:00:48,667 --> 00:00:51,291
which prompts a massive search.
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00:00:51,292 --> 00:00:55,791
How about a cockpit
crisis that really sucks?
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00:00:55,792 --> 00:00:57,207
13 minutes into the flight,
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00:00:57,208 --> 00:00:59,624
there's a massive explosion.
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00:00:59,625 --> 00:01:02,332
The captain has been
sucked out of the window
17
00:01:02,333 --> 00:01:05,207
and is hanging on for dear life.
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00:01:05,208 --> 00:01:06,666
The blood spattered
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00:01:06,667 --> 00:01:08,041
across the fuselage showing
the desperate position
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00:01:08,042 --> 00:01:09,042
he was in.
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00:01:10,083 --> 00:01:12,791
These are the disasters
so mind boggling
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00:01:12,792 --> 00:01:14,750
they are truly unbelievable.
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00:01:27,083 --> 00:01:29,499
What began as a routine dig
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00:01:29,500 --> 00:01:31,791
turned into one of
the most jaw-dropping
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00:01:31,792 --> 00:01:34,041
drilling accidents in history,
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00:01:34,042 --> 00:01:36,207
a mistake that ignited
a fiery phenomenon
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00:01:36,208 --> 00:01:38,125
still burning to this day.
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00:01:41,042 --> 00:01:44,707
The story begins in
1971 in Turkmenistan,
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00:01:44,708 --> 00:01:48,457
which is at that point
still part of the USSR.
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00:01:48,458 --> 00:01:52,249
A team of Soviet engineers
is on hand to look for oil.
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00:01:52,250 --> 00:01:54,582
Trying to find oil
costs a ton of money,
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00:01:54,583 --> 00:01:57,207
and the Soviets are
really banking on this.
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00:01:57,208 --> 00:01:58,416
They need a big win.
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00:01:58,417 --> 00:02:00,207
They need to find
a big cache of oil
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00:02:00,208 --> 00:02:01,542
to make this all pay off.
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00:02:02,917 --> 00:02:06,707
They find this rural spot
in the Turkmenistani desert
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00:02:06,708 --> 00:02:09,541
and they begin drilling
and they get nothing.
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00:02:09,542 --> 00:02:10,708
There's no oil.
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00:02:12,292 --> 00:02:15,124
So they're bringing drills
that can go even deeper
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00:02:15,125 --> 00:02:18,167
into the Earth and
again, there is nothing.
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00:02:19,375 --> 00:02:21,207
Suddenly, the
ground begins to shake
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00:02:21,208 --> 00:02:22,999
and crumble all around them.
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00:02:24,750 --> 00:02:27,707
The men abandon their oil rigs
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00:02:27,708 --> 00:02:29,957
and run for dear life
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00:02:29,958 --> 00:02:31,541
and as they look behind them,
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00:02:31,542 --> 00:02:34,082
they see the ground giving way
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00:02:34,083 --> 00:02:36,291
and their equipment
being swallowed up
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00:02:36,292 --> 00:02:39,999
and this giant, massive
crater opens in the ground
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00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:41,999
right in front of their eyes.
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00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:43,416
What the team didn't realize
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00:02:43,417 --> 00:02:45,082
while they were looking for
and drilling for oil was
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00:02:45,083 --> 00:02:46,916
that they had
accidentally tapped into
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00:02:46,917 --> 00:02:49,458
a huge natural gas reservoir.
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00:02:50,667 --> 00:02:52,832
Sounds like they
hit the jackpot, right?
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00:02:52,833 --> 00:02:54,374
Not exactly.
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00:02:54,375 --> 00:02:57,916
Instead of oil, they get
a geyser of toxic methane
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00:02:57,917 --> 00:02:59,999
and there's no way to stop it.
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00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:02,707
The crew is in an
all-out panic now.
59
00:03:02,708 --> 00:03:07,124
They've opened up a
230-foot wide crater.
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00:03:07,125 --> 00:03:08,999
They're nauseous from the fumes.
61
00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:10,916
What do you do in
this situation?
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00:03:10,917 --> 00:03:13,957
There's no valve you can turn
and shut off the gas flow.
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00:03:13,958 --> 00:03:15,249
To make matters worse,
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00:03:15,250 --> 00:03:18,041
villagers downwind
of this episode are
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00:03:18,042 --> 00:03:20,082
experiencing all kinds
of health problems
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00:03:20,083 --> 00:03:21,499
due to the methane gas.
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00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:23,207
And engineers now
start to scramble
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00:03:23,208 --> 00:03:25,541
to find a way to
turn this thing off.
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00:03:25,542 --> 00:03:27,916
The geologists are
looking for a solution
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00:03:27,917 --> 00:03:29,041
and what they come up with is,
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00:03:29,042 --> 00:03:31,166
hey, let's just burn it off.
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00:03:31,167 --> 00:03:32,999
We'll burn the methane
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00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:35,999
and convert it to
much less toxic CO2.
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00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,541
And then after a few days,
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00:03:38,542 --> 00:03:41,124
everything just
goes back to normal.
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00:03:43,875 --> 00:03:46,374
Burning off the
methane turns out to be
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00:03:46,375 --> 00:03:49,041
an absolutely terrible idea.
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00:03:49,042 --> 00:03:50,957
They massively underestimate
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00:03:50,958 --> 00:03:53,124
the size of this gas reservoir
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00:03:53,125 --> 00:03:55,832
and the thing burns
and burns and burns.
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00:03:55,833 --> 00:03:57,916
It burns for hours,
it burns for weeks,
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00:03:57,917 --> 00:04:00,457
for months and then years.
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00:04:00,458 --> 00:04:02,499
This raging
inferno even earns
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00:04:02,500 --> 00:04:05,041
a nickname among locals,
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00:04:05,042 --> 00:04:06,832
the Gates of Hell.
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00:04:06,833 --> 00:04:08,749
When Turkmenistan
gains its independence
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00:04:08,750 --> 00:04:10,582
after the collapse
of the Soviet Union,
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00:04:10,583 --> 00:04:12,207
the officials there
don't really have
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00:04:12,208 --> 00:04:14,291
the wherewithal to
deal with this problem,
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00:04:14,292 --> 00:04:16,874
and so they basically
just try to ignore it
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00:04:16,875 --> 00:04:17,958
and let the thing burn.
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00:04:19,458 --> 00:04:21,207
You'd think it would
eventually burn itself out.
93
00:04:21,208 --> 00:04:22,874
Not even close.
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00:04:22,875 --> 00:04:24,291
Over a half century later,
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00:04:24,292 --> 00:04:26,708
the fire is still going strong.
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00:04:27,708 --> 00:04:29,624
It's wild if you
think about this,
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00:04:29,625 --> 00:04:34,416
a 230-foot wide hole
spewing out flames,
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00:04:34,417 --> 00:04:37,207
shooting flames up to
50 feet in the air.
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00:04:37,208 --> 00:04:41,791
It's 1,500 degrees
inside of this hole.
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00:04:41,792 --> 00:04:44,749
It literally looks like
the gates of Hell have
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00:04:44,750 --> 00:04:48,541
opened up and are ready to
just come up and consume you.
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00:04:48,542 --> 00:04:51,541
Even though it's not methane
and it's carbon dioxide,
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00:04:51,542 --> 00:04:55,541
there's a constant stream of
greenhouse gases emanating
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00:04:55,542 --> 00:04:58,957
from this one spot
in Turkmenistan.
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00:04:58,958 --> 00:05:01,541
While government
officials in Turkmenistan
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00:05:01,542 --> 00:05:04,749
continue to look for a way
to close the Gates of Hell,
107
00:05:04,750 --> 00:05:08,457
they might want to leave
it open just a crack.
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00:05:08,458 --> 00:05:10,374
Turkmenistan realizes
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00:05:10,375 --> 00:05:12,832
we lost a lot of money by
burning off all this gas
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00:05:12,833 --> 00:05:14,666
that we otherwise
could have captured,
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00:05:14,667 --> 00:05:17,291
but this is pretty
awesome looking,
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00:05:17,292 --> 00:05:20,916
so today, the Gates of
Hell have actually become
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00:05:20,917 --> 00:05:23,667
Turkmenistan's number
one tourist attraction.
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00:05:26,667 --> 00:05:28,624
In London, a
different kind of hell
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00:05:28,625 --> 00:05:31,457
once descended on
the city for days,
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00:05:31,458 --> 00:05:33,542
leaving devastation in its wake.
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00:05:35,167 --> 00:05:37,207
London has had
problems with pollution
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00:05:37,208 --> 00:05:38,666
since the 1200s.
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00:05:38,667 --> 00:05:41,957
Even the word smog was
created to describe
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00:05:41,958 --> 00:05:46,375
the coal burning, fireplace
burning air of London.
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00:05:48,167 --> 00:05:49,249
And when it gets really bad,
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00:05:49,250 --> 00:05:50,499
they have a special term for it
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00:05:50,500 --> 00:05:52,957
and it's called a pea souper.
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00:05:52,958 --> 00:05:54,874
But in December of 1952,
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00:05:54,875 --> 00:05:57,541
smoggy London is
about to experience
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00:05:57,542 --> 00:06:00,166
a pea souper on an
apocalyptic level.
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00:06:00,167 --> 00:06:01,582
The morning of December 5th,
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00:06:01,583 --> 00:06:06,583
Londoners awakened to a crisp,
clear, yet very cold sky
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00:06:07,583 --> 00:06:09,916
and as a result,
they heat their homes
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00:06:09,917 --> 00:06:12,041
as they did at that time.
131
00:06:12,042 --> 00:06:14,957
And then on top of that,
a fog starts moving in
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00:06:14,958 --> 00:06:16,791
to the city and as it does,
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00:06:16,792 --> 00:06:20,166
people are still burning wood
and coal in their fireplaces
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00:06:20,167 --> 00:06:23,124
and the smoke is
combining with that fog.
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00:06:23,125 --> 00:06:26,582
The next morning,
conditions continue to worsen.
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00:06:26,583 --> 00:06:30,707
The entire city is
enveloped in smog.
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00:06:30,708 --> 00:06:34,499
It's so thick that you
can't see your feet.
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00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:36,666
Double-decker bus
drivers can't see a thing.
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00:06:36,667 --> 00:06:38,874
So as these buses are
crawling through the streets,
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00:06:38,875 --> 00:06:42,416
people are walking alongside
the bus with lanterns.
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00:06:42,417 --> 00:06:44,874
Members of
parliament return home
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00:06:44,875 --> 00:06:47,124
black in the face as if
they had been working
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00:06:47,125 --> 00:06:48,999
in the coal mines of Wales.
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00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:51,249
Londoners
collapse in the streets,
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00:06:51,250 --> 00:06:53,124
automobiles collide.
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00:06:53,125 --> 00:06:54,791
A passenger train steamrolls
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00:06:54,792 --> 00:06:56,332
over a group of railway workers,
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00:06:56,333 --> 00:06:58,166
killing two men.
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00:06:58,167 --> 00:07:01,582
By the third and by the
fourth day, it's getting worse.
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00:07:01,583 --> 00:07:04,374
People are wondering, how
long is this going to go on?
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00:07:04,375 --> 00:07:05,999
When is this going to end?
152
00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:08,374
Is it going to end?
153
00:07:08,375 --> 00:07:10,541
But Mother
Nature isn't letting up,
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00:07:10,542 --> 00:07:14,207
thanks to a rare and
stubborn weather phenomenon.
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00:07:14,208 --> 00:07:17,957
What they're experiencing
is actually an anticyclone
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00:07:17,958 --> 00:07:20,332
and this is a very
calm, stable air mass
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00:07:20,333 --> 00:07:22,624
that has almost no winds in it.
158
00:07:22,625 --> 00:07:24,707
Picture it
like a lid on a pot.
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00:07:24,708 --> 00:07:26,291
With no wind to
clear things out,
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00:07:26,292 --> 00:07:28,624
smoke and pollution build up
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00:07:28,625 --> 00:07:30,207
and as it gets colder outside,
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00:07:30,208 --> 00:07:32,500
people continue
to burn more coal.
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00:07:33,750 --> 00:07:36,207
So anything that's being
poured out of the chimneys
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00:07:36,208 --> 00:07:38,666
to heat a freezing population is
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00:07:38,667 --> 00:07:42,083
staying in the streets of
that freezing population.
166
00:07:43,500 --> 00:07:46,374
After five days of these
unrelenting conditions,
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00:07:46,375 --> 00:07:48,374
low pressure with higher
winds finally moves
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00:07:48,375 --> 00:07:49,999
into the area,
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00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:51,832
pushing this high pressure and
this anticyclone outta here,
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00:07:51,833 --> 00:07:53,749
giving Londoners the
relief that they need.
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00:07:53,750 --> 00:07:57,082
But unfortunately, the
damage is already done.
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00:07:57,083 --> 00:08:00,207
The initial death toll of
the Great Smog of London is
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00:08:00,208 --> 00:08:01,707
around 4,000 people.
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00:08:01,708 --> 00:08:03,916
But as historians continue
to study this event,
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00:08:03,917 --> 00:08:05,166
estimates have shown
that it might be
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00:08:05,167 --> 00:08:07,749
nearer to 12,000 people dying.
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00:08:07,750 --> 00:08:10,541
In the aftermath,
officials do their part
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00:08:10,542 --> 00:08:13,624
to ensure this
won't happen again.
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00:08:13,625 --> 00:08:17,582
In 1956, a Clean
Air act is passed
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00:08:17,583 --> 00:08:19,166
by the British government
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00:08:19,167 --> 00:08:22,874
and it prohibits burning of
coal in domestic residences.
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00:08:22,875 --> 00:08:25,416
They now have to transfer
their energy resources
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00:08:25,417 --> 00:08:29,999
to cleaner-burning things like
oil and like natural gases.
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00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:34,625
So, the old days of deadly
London smog are gone forever.
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00:08:36,875 --> 00:08:38,666
The Great Smog of London is
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00:08:38,667 --> 00:08:41,500
far from the only unbelievable
air disaster in history.
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00:08:45,958 --> 00:08:47,000
One of the first things
they tell you to do
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00:08:47,125 --> 00:08:48,500
on an airplane is to
fasten your seatbelt,
189
00:08:48,792 --> 00:08:50,624
but for one crew member,
190
00:08:50,625 --> 00:08:54,708
ignoring that instruction
nearly ends in catastrophe.
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00:08:57,667 --> 00:09:00,541
At 7:30 AM a flight takes
off from Birmingham, England
192
00:09:00,542 --> 00:09:02,416
to Malaga, Spain.
193
00:09:02,417 --> 00:09:04,499
There are about
81 people on board
194
00:09:04,500 --> 00:09:05,957
and they're all tourists
that are gonna be
195
00:09:05,958 --> 00:09:07,541
making their way
down to sunny Spain
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00:09:07,542 --> 00:09:09,250
to sun themselves
on the beaches.
197
00:09:10,750 --> 00:09:12,541
Once the plane
hits cruising altitude,
198
00:09:12,542 --> 00:09:14,416
the autopilot is engaged.
199
00:09:14,417 --> 00:09:17,041
So Captain Tim
Lancaster sits back,
200
00:09:17,042 --> 00:09:19,832
loosens his seatbelt and
unbuckles his shoulder harness.
201
00:09:19,833 --> 00:09:21,374
The flight's cruising along.
202
00:09:21,375 --> 00:09:22,957
Everything's going just fine,
203
00:09:22,958 --> 00:09:25,208
and about 13 minutes
into the flight.
204
00:09:28,417 --> 00:09:30,125
There's a massive explosion.
205
00:09:31,083 --> 00:09:32,332
Suddenly.
206
00:09:33,583 --> 00:09:34,957
The cockpit door is
ripped from its hinges.
207
00:09:34,958 --> 00:09:37,291
There's no flames,
there's no smoke,
208
00:09:37,292 --> 00:09:38,792
but there's a rushing wind.
209
00:09:40,167 --> 00:09:41,916
Through the
open cockpit doorway,
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00:09:41,917 --> 00:09:44,666
passengers witness
a terrifying scene.
211
00:09:44,667 --> 00:09:46,707
The windshield in front
of the captain's chair is
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00:09:46,708 --> 00:09:48,416
completely gone,
213
00:09:48,417 --> 00:09:51,082
so the crew is being
blasted with winds
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00:09:51,083 --> 00:09:53,208
of 400 miles per hour
215
00:09:54,250 --> 00:09:55,958
and craziest of all,
216
00:09:56,750 --> 00:09:59,041
the captain's chair is empty.
217
00:10:00,208 --> 00:10:02,874
The captain has been
sucked out of the window
218
00:10:02,875 --> 00:10:05,207
and is hanging on for dear life
219
00:10:05,208 --> 00:10:08,749
while 400 mile an hour winds
are just blasting his body,
220
00:10:08,750 --> 00:10:12,750
so much so that his
clothes are torn apart.
221
00:10:13,792 --> 00:10:15,207
The only reason the captain is
222
00:10:15,208 --> 00:10:17,374
not sucked out of the
window completely is
223
00:10:17,375 --> 00:10:20,124
because his feet are caught
on the control panel.
224
00:10:20,125 --> 00:10:23,707
And this fast-thinking
steward named Nigel Ogden
225
00:10:23,708 --> 00:10:26,667
grabs a hold of Captain
Lancaster's legs.
226
00:10:28,542 --> 00:10:29,916
He's now stuck
227
00:10:29,917 --> 00:10:32,374
and plastered to the aircraft.
228
00:10:32,375 --> 00:10:35,832
The temperature is nearly
negative 30 degrees Celsius
229
00:10:35,833 --> 00:10:39,207
and he is literally
hanging on for dear life.
230
00:10:39,208 --> 00:10:41,041
But there's an
even bigger problem.
231
00:10:41,042 --> 00:10:44,374
When the captain's body hits
the controls on the way out,
232
00:10:44,375 --> 00:10:45,666
he disengages the autopilot.
233
00:10:47,208 --> 00:10:51,041
With the autopilot off, the
aircraft now goes into a dive.
234
00:10:52,833 --> 00:10:54,874
Fighting the
blasting, freezing winds,
235
00:10:54,875 --> 00:10:57,832
copilot Alistair Atchison
is able to pull up
236
00:10:57,833 --> 00:11:00,166
and regain control of the plane.
237
00:11:01,708 --> 00:11:03,041
However, with all the
screaming and the pandemonium
238
00:11:03,042 --> 00:11:04,374
in the cockpit,
239
00:11:04,375 --> 00:11:08,374
nobody can hear any response
from any of the towers.
240
00:11:08,375 --> 00:11:09,832
Atchison has no clue
241
00:11:09,833 --> 00:11:12,042
where he's going to
put this aircraft down.
242
00:11:13,583 --> 00:11:15,666
Things are going
from bad to worse.
243
00:11:15,667 --> 00:11:18,374
Ogden, who's holding
onto the captain,
244
00:11:18,375 --> 00:11:20,624
his hand becomes frostbitten.
245
00:11:20,625 --> 00:11:21,916
He calls for help
246
00:11:21,917 --> 00:11:24,582
and another steward
enters the cockpit
247
00:11:24,583 --> 00:11:26,832
and grabs a hold of the captain.
248
00:11:26,833 --> 00:11:28,207
During the transfer,
249
00:11:28,208 --> 00:11:31,666
the captain slips even
further out of the window.
250
00:11:32,958 --> 00:11:36,667
And now is being held
onto only by his ankles.
251
00:11:40,917 --> 00:11:43,249
Then there's a miracle.
252
00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:45,499
Atchison hears directions
253
00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:49,124
and he finds out that he can
go back towards Southampton,
254
00:11:49,125 --> 00:11:51,416
which is about 70
miles south of London,
255
00:11:51,417 --> 00:11:53,208
and land the aircraft there.
256
00:11:54,833 --> 00:11:57,291
With no windshield
and Captain Lancaster dangling
257
00:11:57,292 --> 00:11:58,957
from the front of the plane,
258
00:11:58,958 --> 00:12:01,416
Atchison is able to safely land,
259
00:12:01,417 --> 00:12:06,082
ending Lancaster's
unbelievable 20-minute ride.
260
00:12:06,083 --> 00:12:07,874
The blood
spattered across the fuselage
261
00:12:07,875 --> 00:12:10,749
showing the desperate
position he was in.
262
00:12:10,750 --> 00:12:12,624
Captain Lancaster
is being treated
263
00:12:12,625 --> 00:12:14,332
for two broken ankles,
264
00:12:14,333 --> 00:12:17,082
broken ribs and frostbite.
265
00:12:17,083 --> 00:12:17,999
He's alive
266
00:12:18,000 --> 00:12:19,749
and after five months,
267
00:12:19,750 --> 00:12:23,082
Captain Lancaster goes
back to piloting airplanes.
268
00:12:23,083 --> 00:12:26,708
You gotta give it to Captain
Lancaster, he's a brave man.
269
00:12:27,750 --> 00:12:29,874
Flailing thousands
of feet in the sky is
270
00:12:29,875 --> 00:12:31,832
a frightening thought,
271
00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:35,207
but at least this captain
had his crew to help him.
272
00:12:35,208 --> 00:12:37,791
The same can't be
said for one woman
273
00:12:37,792 --> 00:12:39,666
who goes on the most unexpected
274
00:12:39,667 --> 00:12:41,833
and terrifying ride of her life.
275
00:12:43,083 --> 00:12:46,541
It's 2007 and a woman
named Ewa Wisnierska,
276
00:12:46,542 --> 00:12:49,082
she's a Polish-born paraglider
277
00:12:49,083 --> 00:12:52,041
who competes with the
German national team.
278
00:12:52,042 --> 00:12:53,832
It's right before the
world championships
279
00:12:53,833 --> 00:12:55,416
in Eastern Australia
280
00:12:55,417 --> 00:12:58,832
and she and the team have
gone there early to train
281
00:12:58,833 --> 00:13:00,957
in the very location
that the competition is
282
00:13:00,958 --> 00:13:03,457
taking place later that year.
283
00:13:03,458 --> 00:13:05,999
It's a clear day
and the winds are favorable,
284
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:09,416
so she decides to suit up
and go for a test flight.
285
00:13:09,417 --> 00:13:10,749
She's flying along,
286
00:13:10,750 --> 00:13:13,749
she's somewhere between
14 and 18,000 feet high.
287
00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:15,374
Then she sees some clouds,
288
00:13:15,375 --> 00:13:17,749
which is weird because
the forecast didn't have
289
00:13:17,750 --> 00:13:18,957
any storms in it.
290
00:13:18,958 --> 00:13:21,957
She sort of
avoids the first one
291
00:13:21,958 --> 00:13:26,166
and sort of tries to thread
the needle between two of them.
292
00:13:26,167 --> 00:13:29,666
And then she sees another
cloud heading straight for her.
293
00:13:29,667 --> 00:13:30,916
Ewa doesn't realize it,
294
00:13:30,917 --> 00:13:33,874
but this is what's known
as a cumulonimbus cloud
295
00:13:33,875 --> 00:13:35,457
and it's bad news.
296
00:13:35,458 --> 00:13:36,707
Inside cumulonimbus clouds,
297
00:13:36,708 --> 00:13:38,457
we have incredibly high winds.
298
00:13:38,458 --> 00:13:40,082
There's lightning, there's hail.
299
00:13:40,083 --> 00:13:41,957
This is a bad
thing to be inside,
300
00:13:41,958 --> 00:13:43,999
especially if
you're a paraglider.
301
00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:46,749
Ewa is sucked in and sucked up
302
00:13:46,750 --> 00:13:50,332
at a rate of approximately
130 feet a second.
303
00:13:50,333 --> 00:13:55,207
She's now in this
darkening, ice cold vortex
304
00:13:55,208 --> 00:13:57,374
that keeps pushing her upward.
305
00:13:57,375 --> 00:14:01,957
She's surrounded by peals of
lightning and roars of thunder.
306
00:14:01,958 --> 00:14:03,957
She's being pelted with hail
307
00:14:03,958 --> 00:14:07,374
and Ewa cannot stop rising.
308
00:14:08,458 --> 00:14:09,207
Within minutes, Ewa is
309
00:14:09,208 --> 00:14:11,791
at an incredible 32,000 feet.
310
00:14:13,167 --> 00:14:14,832
Higher than the peak
of Mount Everest.
311
00:14:14,833 --> 00:14:17,499
At an altitude of 32,000 feet,
312
00:14:17,500 --> 00:14:19,207
there is not much oxygen.
313
00:14:19,208 --> 00:14:21,207
The atmosphere is very thin.
314
00:14:21,208 --> 00:14:25,541
The temperature drops, it's
around minus 60 degrees.
315
00:14:25,542 --> 00:14:27,499
Ewa can't breathe.
316
00:14:27,500 --> 00:14:29,416
She has no warmth layer.
317
00:14:29,417 --> 00:14:33,500
She's getting beaten up and
then suddenly, she passes out.
318
00:14:35,667 --> 00:14:39,749
So here she is being pelted
by hail the size of oranges,
319
00:14:39,750 --> 00:14:41,207
she's likely freezing to death.
320
00:14:41,208 --> 00:14:43,541
She's unconscious and
totally out of control.
321
00:14:43,542 --> 00:14:47,499
Her chances for survival
look really slim to none.
322
00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:49,707
But something
remarkable pushes the odds
323
00:14:49,708 --> 00:14:51,082
in Ewa's favor.
324
00:14:51,083 --> 00:14:53,207
As she's being
battered around,
325
00:14:53,208 --> 00:14:57,957
a change in the wind drops
her to about 22,000 feet,
326
00:14:57,958 --> 00:15:01,874
providing more oxygen so
Ewa actually wakes up.
327
00:15:01,875 --> 00:15:04,374
Unfortunately,
Ewa has a new problem.
328
00:15:04,375 --> 00:15:07,082
As quickly as she shot
up into the atmosphere,
329
00:15:07,083 --> 00:15:10,207
she's now headed down
to Earth like a comet.
330
00:15:10,208 --> 00:15:13,499
She falls about 10,000 feet
331
00:15:13,500 --> 00:15:16,292
and then miraculously,
out of nowhere,
332
00:15:17,167 --> 00:15:18,417
the chute opens again.
333
00:15:19,583 --> 00:15:22,832
Freezing, weak
and barely conscious,
334
00:15:22,833 --> 00:15:25,749
Ewa maneuvers her glider
safely to the ground
335
00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:27,916
40 miles from her launch site.
336
00:15:27,917 --> 00:15:29,207
She's incredibly bruised
337
00:15:29,208 --> 00:15:32,666
from being struck by
massive balls of hail.
338
00:15:32,667 --> 00:15:34,082
She's got frostbite,
339
00:15:34,083 --> 00:15:37,082
but not only does she
make a complete recovery,
340
00:15:37,083 --> 00:15:39,041
but just weeks later,
341
00:15:39,042 --> 00:15:41,707
she's back up in the
paraglider again.
342
00:15:41,708 --> 00:15:43,374
Ewa's near-death
journey remains
343
00:15:43,375 --> 00:15:46,166
the highest paraglider
flight ever documented
344
00:15:46,167 --> 00:15:48,874
and one of the most miraculous
escapes from disaster
345
00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:50,374
in any sport.
346
00:15:50,375 --> 00:15:52,500
Guess that's one way to make
it into the record books.
347
00:15:56,833 --> 00:15:57,500
The reign of King Louis XVI
348
00:15:57,708 --> 00:15:58,666
and his queen, Marie Antoinette,
349
00:15:58,667 --> 00:16:00,374
famously ends in ruin,
350
00:16:00,375 --> 00:16:03,082
a revolution and
death by guillotine.
351
00:16:03,083 --> 00:16:05,874
But that may not be
surprising considering
352
00:16:05,875 --> 00:16:09,541
the unbelievable way
their marriage starts.
353
00:16:12,167 --> 00:16:15,374
In the year 1770,
France and Austria are
354
00:16:15,375 --> 00:16:17,707
constantly at each other's
throats all the time,
355
00:16:17,708 --> 00:16:20,457
but a plan is devised
to create an alliance
356
00:16:20,458 --> 00:16:24,207
by marrying off Louis
XV's 15-year-old grandson
357
00:16:24,208 --> 00:16:28,332
to the 14-year-old
Archduchess of Austria.
358
00:16:28,333 --> 00:16:30,541
Trying to explain to
the people of the country
359
00:16:30,542 --> 00:16:33,082
that we're gonna bring
in someone from Austria
360
00:16:33,083 --> 00:16:35,374
to be your future queen is
361
00:16:35,375 --> 00:16:36,791
a little bit of a hard sell.
362
00:16:36,792 --> 00:16:37,874
So the concept is,
363
00:16:37,875 --> 00:16:40,124
let's make this a
big celebration.
364
00:16:40,125 --> 00:16:41,374
We will show
everyone that this is
365
00:16:41,375 --> 00:16:44,083
really something to
get excited about.
366
00:16:45,500 --> 00:16:48,124
To seal the deal,
they pull out all the stops,
367
00:16:48,125 --> 00:16:49,749
including something
most Parisians
368
00:16:49,750 --> 00:16:51,332
have never seen before.
369
00:16:53,042 --> 00:16:54,250
Fireworks.
370
00:16:55,125 --> 00:16:56,832
At this point in history,
371
00:16:56,833 --> 00:17:00,041
fireworks are usually reserved
for royals and their guests,
372
00:17:00,042 --> 00:17:01,291
so this will be the first time
373
00:17:01,292 --> 00:17:02,999
that the masses will get to see
374
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,249
fireworks outside the palace.
375
00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:06,582
The royal court hires
376
00:17:06,583 --> 00:17:08,832
the very best of the
best to put the show on.
377
00:17:08,833 --> 00:17:10,499
They're known as the
Ruggieri brothers
378
00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:13,499
and they are the personal
pyrotechnics experts
379
00:17:13,500 --> 00:17:14,375
to the French king.
380
00:17:17,292 --> 00:17:21,082
So as the Ruggieri brothers
are preparing this display,
381
00:17:21,083 --> 00:17:23,374
the people of Paris are
packed into the square.
382
00:17:23,375 --> 00:17:25,207
This is like a
sardine situation.
383
00:17:25,208 --> 00:17:27,624
Everybody is just
shoulder to shoulder.
384
00:17:29,042 --> 00:17:31,082
The Ruggieri
brothers light the fuse,
385
00:17:31,083 --> 00:17:32,957
and as the show begins,
386
00:17:32,958 --> 00:17:35,707
throngs of spectators
marvel at the display.
387
00:17:36,625 --> 00:17:39,541
Then the wind changes.
388
00:17:40,958 --> 00:17:44,042
And suddenly these
rockets start being blown.
389
00:17:46,042 --> 00:17:47,791
Right into the crowd.
390
00:17:47,792 --> 00:17:49,832
And so a stampede ensues.
391
00:17:52,375 --> 00:17:53,916
People begin to panic
and rush to get away
392
00:17:53,917 --> 00:17:55,249
from the explosions.
393
00:17:55,250 --> 00:17:57,207
The problem is that they
are so tightly packed
394
00:17:57,208 --> 00:18:00,041
into the square and the
exits are so narrow,
395
00:18:00,042 --> 00:18:01,541
they can't get out.
396
00:18:01,542 --> 00:18:02,374
During this melee,
397
00:18:02,375 --> 00:18:04,791
some of the fireworks then hit
398
00:18:04,792 --> 00:18:08,207
the actual wooden structure
that they're being fired off of
399
00:18:08,208 --> 00:18:11,207
and this causes a huge fire,
400
00:18:11,208 --> 00:18:13,707
which causes more
people to panic.
401
00:18:13,708 --> 00:18:15,707
Hundreds are crushed
by the panicked crowd
402
00:18:15,708 --> 00:18:18,166
and others who managed to
get out of the square are
403
00:18:18,167 --> 00:18:20,458
pushed into the Seine,
river where they drown.
404
00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,166
The official
death toll is 133,
405
00:18:24,167 --> 00:18:25,541
which is enough to make it
406
00:18:25,542 --> 00:18:27,957
the deadliest fireworks
incident in history.
407
00:18:27,958 --> 00:18:29,416
But more recent estimates have
408
00:18:29,417 --> 00:18:32,416
put that death toll
at about 3,000.
409
00:18:32,417 --> 00:18:35,791
As the reign of Louis XVI
and Marie Antoinette plays out
410
00:18:35,792 --> 00:18:37,541
and goes terribly,
411
00:18:37,542 --> 00:18:40,207
they make a lot of
mistakes along the way,
412
00:18:40,208 --> 00:18:43,416
but always in the back of
everyone's mind in France is
413
00:18:43,417 --> 00:18:45,916
the way this marriage started.
414
00:18:45,917 --> 00:18:48,374
By the time we
reached the year 1793,
415
00:18:48,375 --> 00:18:50,749
Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette will actually be
416
00:18:50,750 --> 00:18:52,582
executed by guillotine
417
00:18:52,583 --> 00:18:55,874
exactly where that
fireworks show took place
418
00:18:55,875 --> 00:18:56,833
all those years ago.
419
00:18:59,208 --> 00:19:01,499
If you think fleeing
an out of control fire
420
00:19:01,500 --> 00:19:03,874
while fighting an
angry mob sounds bad,
421
00:19:03,875 --> 00:19:06,082
try adding one more wrinkle,
422
00:19:06,083 --> 00:19:07,625
deadly predators.
423
00:19:10,708 --> 00:19:13,750
It's 1902 on the Caribbean
island of Martinique.
424
00:19:15,375 --> 00:19:17,291
At the time, this territory is
425
00:19:17,292 --> 00:19:19,667
heavily controlled and
influenced by the French
426
00:19:22,375 --> 00:19:25,374
and the main city on
Martinique, Saint-Pierre,
427
00:19:25,375 --> 00:19:27,542
is considered a
sort of mini Paris.
428
00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:31,666
Saint-Pierre is also
drop dead gorgeous,
429
00:19:31,667 --> 00:19:33,291
right on a sandy beach
430
00:19:33,292 --> 00:19:36,667
with the mass of Mount Pelée
rising up in the background.
431
00:19:39,375 --> 00:19:41,249
At this point,
there's only been
432
00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:44,082
a couple of small
eruptions since the 1700s,
433
00:19:44,083 --> 00:19:47,207
so people in the area don't
really consider it a threat,
434
00:19:47,208 --> 00:19:48,999
But that sense
of security begins
435
00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:50,874
to unravel in 1902,
436
00:19:50,875 --> 00:19:53,082
when Mount Pelée
starts to act up
437
00:19:53,083 --> 00:19:55,625
and the signs are
hard to ignore.
438
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:59,082
On the night of May 2nd,
439
00:19:59,083 --> 00:20:00,667
there is a small eruption
440
00:20:01,708 --> 00:20:03,916
and people in
Saint-Pierre start seeing
441
00:20:03,917 --> 00:20:06,041
some pretty strange sights,
442
00:20:06,042 --> 00:20:08,207
dead birds covered in ash,
443
00:20:08,208 --> 00:20:11,957
scores of dead fish
belly up in the harbor.
444
00:20:11,958 --> 00:20:13,416
Then on May 3rd,
445
00:20:13,417 --> 00:20:16,041
eruptions begin raining
ash on the town.
446
00:20:16,042 --> 00:20:17,541
The vibrations are so intense,
447
00:20:17,542 --> 00:20:20,833
they trigger a mudslide
that kills 150 people.
448
00:20:22,458 --> 00:20:24,249
Conditions are worsening,
449
00:20:24,250 --> 00:20:26,374
the fumes are getting bad,
450
00:20:26,375 --> 00:20:28,041
and everybody's
starting to realize
451
00:20:28,042 --> 00:20:31,207
maybe it's time to
get off the island.
452
00:20:31,208 --> 00:20:33,207
These violent tremors are
453
00:20:33,208 --> 00:20:36,291
not just panicking
the local population,
454
00:20:36,292 --> 00:20:39,208
they're also panicking
another local,
455
00:20:41,375 --> 00:20:44,874
the deadly poisonous
Martinique lancehead snake.
456
00:20:46,958 --> 00:20:48,541
These are pit vipers
457
00:20:48,542 --> 00:20:50,582
that can grow up
to six feet long,
458
00:20:50,583 --> 00:20:54,333
with venomous fangs and
a feisty disposition.
459
00:20:57,000 --> 00:20:58,832
These fiercely territorial
snakes have been driven
460
00:20:58,833 --> 00:21:01,874
into the streets filled
with panicking and fleeing
461
00:21:01,875 --> 00:21:03,207
residents and tourists.
462
00:21:03,208 --> 00:21:05,208
It's a toxic combination.
463
00:21:06,125 --> 00:21:07,416
The snakes are joined
464
00:21:07,417 --> 00:21:10,499
by swarms of biting yellow ants
465
00:21:10,500 --> 00:21:12,707
and large black centipedes
466
00:21:12,708 --> 00:21:15,499
all mingling with
the terrified people
467
00:21:15,500 --> 00:21:19,666
and lashing out at anyone
who gets too close.
468
00:21:20,500 --> 00:21:21,749
Even the military is called in
469
00:21:21,750 --> 00:21:23,791
and the soldiers, they
try to shoot the snakes,
470
00:21:23,792 --> 00:21:24,875
but it's ineffective.
471
00:21:26,292 --> 00:21:28,500
In all, 50 people
die from snake bites.
472
00:21:29,750 --> 00:21:31,791
Perhaps those
victims are the lucky ones
473
00:21:31,792 --> 00:21:35,291
because this Armageddon
is just getting started.
474
00:21:36,542 --> 00:21:39,875
On May 8th at 8:00
AM, Mount Pelée blows.
475
00:21:41,875 --> 00:21:43,624
This is like an avalanche
476
00:21:43,625 --> 00:21:47,416
of sheer billowing hot
sulfur smoke that travels
477
00:21:47,417 --> 00:21:49,207
at 200 miles an hour
478
00:21:49,208 --> 00:21:51,416
and it's 1,300 degrees.
479
00:21:51,417 --> 00:21:54,874
It basically obliterates
everything in its path.
480
00:21:55,667 --> 00:21:57,666
There is no time to escape.
481
00:21:57,667 --> 00:22:00,916
People who don't die
from burns are suffocated
482
00:22:00,917 --> 00:22:04,625
as the heat sucks the
air out from their lungs.
483
00:22:09,375 --> 00:22:12,041
In a city of
nearly 30,000 people,
484
00:22:12,042 --> 00:22:14,417
there is just one survivor.
485
00:22:16,042 --> 00:22:19,375
It's like a biblical
disaster come to life.
486
00:22:22,375 --> 00:22:23,791
Is there anything
worse than being
487
00:22:23,792 --> 00:22:27,082
covered in snakes and
piping-hot volcanic gas?
488
00:22:27,083 --> 00:22:28,958
How about centuries
of raw sewage?
489
00:22:33,375 --> 00:22:34,042
Many of our greatest
engineering marvels are
490
00:22:34,208 --> 00:22:35,582
achieved by testing the limits
491
00:22:35,583 --> 00:22:37,666
of what's been tried before.
492
00:22:37,667 --> 00:22:40,957
But in the case of one
famous 20th century engineer,
493
00:22:40,958 --> 00:22:46,000
his thirst for innovation
takes things a bridge too far.
494
00:22:47,917 --> 00:22:49,624
So in between the city
of Tacoma, Washington
495
00:22:49,625 --> 00:22:51,582
and the Kitsap Peninsula is
496
00:22:51,583 --> 00:22:53,583
the Tacoma Narrow Strait,
497
00:22:54,542 --> 00:22:55,999
but without a bridge,
498
00:22:56,000 --> 00:22:59,707
the only way to get to
the peninsula is by boat.
499
00:22:59,708 --> 00:23:03,166
By the 1930s, government
officials in Tacoma are
500
00:23:03,167 --> 00:23:04,499
dreaming of a bridge,
501
00:23:04,500 --> 00:23:05,791
but this is a big dream.
502
00:23:05,792 --> 00:23:08,541
They need a way to
cover 7,000 feet,
503
00:23:08,542 --> 00:23:11,374
so this is no small proposition.
504
00:23:11,375 --> 00:23:12,582
To pull this off,
505
00:23:12,583 --> 00:23:14,582
they turn to engineer
Leon Moisseiff,
506
00:23:14,583 --> 00:23:16,374
who's just finished
the revolutionary
507
00:23:16,375 --> 00:23:18,333
Golden Gate Bridge.
508
00:23:18,875 --> 00:23:19,791
When you look at the
Golden Gate Bridge,
509
00:23:19,792 --> 00:23:21,707
you may not appreciate that it's
510
00:23:21,708 --> 00:23:23,832
actually a very subtle
piece of engineering.
511
00:23:23,833 --> 00:23:26,499
It looks like it's big
and metal and rigid,
512
00:23:26,500 --> 00:23:28,082
but there's actually
a lot of give to it.
513
00:23:28,083 --> 00:23:32,916
Literally, it can move as it
needs to so things don't break.
514
00:23:32,917 --> 00:23:35,582
Moisseiff's secret
weapon is flexibility,
515
00:23:35,583 --> 00:23:39,291
but his new design pushes
that concept to the edge.
516
00:23:39,292 --> 00:23:41,332
The bridge that
he proposes would be
517
00:23:41,333 --> 00:23:43,707
the third longest
bridge in the country,
518
00:23:43,708 --> 00:23:46,916
yet he's imagining
something much narrower,
519
00:23:46,917 --> 00:23:50,457
almost half as wide as
the Golden Gate Bridge.
520
00:23:50,458 --> 00:23:52,332
Despite
the daring design,
521
00:23:52,333 --> 00:23:54,667
the bridge takes just
two years to build.
522
00:23:55,750 --> 00:23:58,166
And on July 1st, 1940,
523
00:23:58,167 --> 00:24:00,749
amidst massive fanfare,
524
00:24:00,750 --> 00:24:02,916
the bridge opens to the public.
525
00:24:02,917 --> 00:24:05,124
The celebration,
however, is short-lived
526
00:24:05,125 --> 00:24:09,874
when a big flaw shows there's
such a thing as too flexible.
527
00:24:09,875 --> 00:24:13,416
This bridge is
long and narrow,
528
00:24:13,417 --> 00:24:14,792
and when the winds pick up,
529
00:24:16,458 --> 00:24:19,667
it begins to sway and roll.
530
00:24:21,083 --> 00:24:23,332
And almost as soon as it opens,
531
00:24:23,333 --> 00:24:26,666
it gets its nickname,
Galloping Gertie.
532
00:24:26,667 --> 00:24:28,999
Then on one
November morning,
533
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:32,957
the winds give Galloping Gertie
its most violent ride yet.
534
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:35,999
On the morning of
November 7th, 1940,
535
00:24:36,000 --> 00:24:38,791
the winds are pretty strong
over Galloping Gertie.
536
00:24:38,792 --> 00:24:42,124
And so as people are
driving across the bridge,
537
00:24:42,125 --> 00:24:43,791
they're actually seeing it shift
538
00:24:43,792 --> 00:24:46,624
noticeably from left to right.
539
00:24:46,625 --> 00:24:49,458
As winds spike to
nearly 45 miles an hour,
540
00:24:50,833 --> 00:24:53,916
Gertie is quickly becoming
a galloping disaster.
541
00:24:53,917 --> 00:24:56,499
The whole surface
of the bridge is
542
00:24:56,500 --> 00:24:59,874
going 45 degrees to 45 degrees,
543
00:24:59,875 --> 00:25:02,499
bending and turning
like gift ribbon.
544
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:06,124
Cars are being thrown
and slapped around.
545
00:25:06,125 --> 00:25:08,416
Drivers don't know
totally what to do.
546
00:25:08,417 --> 00:25:09,624
Do they keep going?
547
00:25:09,625 --> 00:25:11,499
Do they turn around?
548
00:25:11,500 --> 00:25:12,957
Around 11:00 AM,
549
00:25:12,958 --> 00:25:16,999
onlookers witness Gertie's
tragic final gallop.
550
00:25:21,542 --> 00:25:22,874
This becomes one of the most
551
00:25:22,875 --> 00:25:26,666
mind-blowing engineering
disasters of all time,
552
00:25:26,667 --> 00:25:29,625
but the footage becomes
notorious in its own right.
553
00:25:31,125 --> 00:25:32,874
Perhaps not surprisingly,
554
00:25:32,875 --> 00:25:36,500
investigators blame it
on excessive flexibility.
555
00:25:38,375 --> 00:25:40,916
Engineers learn from this lesson
556
00:25:40,917 --> 00:25:42,916
and they build bridges
that don't have
557
00:25:42,917 --> 00:25:45,125
the same flexibility
going forward.
558
00:25:46,667 --> 00:25:50,332
A new bridge is built 10
years later to cross the Strait,
559
00:25:50,333 --> 00:25:51,625
and it still stands today.
560
00:25:53,208 --> 00:25:56,999
Bad engineering can set
you up for a disastrous fall,
561
00:25:57,000 --> 00:25:59,707
whether you're over a
raging body of water
562
00:25:59,708 --> 00:26:02,207
or something far, far worse.
563
00:26:03,833 --> 00:26:06,374
It's July, 1184 in Germany,
564
00:26:06,375 --> 00:26:08,874
a time when nobles and leaders
of the Catholic Church are
565
00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:11,541
constantly battling
each other over control
566
00:26:11,542 --> 00:26:13,707
over key pieces of territory.
567
00:26:13,708 --> 00:26:15,874
A nobleman
and an archbishop are
568
00:26:15,875 --> 00:26:17,874
having one of these
land disputes,
569
00:26:17,875 --> 00:26:20,916
so they ask the
king to intervene.
570
00:26:20,917 --> 00:26:24,207
King Henrich convenes
a conference of himself,
571
00:26:24,208 --> 00:26:25,457
the two men in dispute,
572
00:26:25,458 --> 00:26:27,999
and a pool of nobles
and colleagues
573
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,374
to settle this issue
once and for all.
574
00:26:31,375 --> 00:26:34,624
For this meeting, the
king chooses a neutral site,
575
00:26:34,625 --> 00:26:37,707
St. Peter's Monastery
in the town of Herford.
576
00:26:37,708 --> 00:26:40,207
St. Peter's
Monastery and church is
577
00:26:40,208 --> 00:26:43,749
originally built for a
couple dozen or so monks
578
00:26:43,750 --> 00:26:46,249
to worship and to study.
579
00:26:46,250 --> 00:26:50,749
But today, over 100 nobles
pour into this tiny room
580
00:26:50,750 --> 00:26:52,332
for the conference.
581
00:26:52,333 --> 00:26:53,666
Right from the jump,
582
00:26:53,667 --> 00:26:55,541
the two sides begin
bickering and arguing
583
00:26:55,542 --> 00:26:56,792
and insulting each other.
584
00:26:56,917 --> 00:26:58,916
And as they do, some of
the nobles begin to notice
585
00:26:58,917 --> 00:27:01,124
that the wooden floorboards
beneath their feet
586
00:27:01,125 --> 00:27:02,332
begin to creak.
587
00:27:03,708 --> 00:27:05,749
However, everyone
is too distracted
588
00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,166
to pay much attention to it.
589
00:27:08,167 --> 00:27:11,666
The king is doing his
best to mediate this debate,
590
00:27:11,667 --> 00:27:13,457
but things aren't going so well.
591
00:27:13,458 --> 00:27:15,207
So, he grabs one of the noblemen
592
00:27:15,208 --> 00:27:19,124
and they go off into a corner
to try to settle this thing.
593
00:27:19,125 --> 00:27:21,999
Meanwhile, the
creaks and the cracks
594
00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:24,582
of the wooden floor
are getting louder,
595
00:27:24,583 --> 00:27:26,749
and then it all opens up.
596
00:27:30,083 --> 00:27:31,916
Dozens of men
fall through the floor
597
00:27:31,917 --> 00:27:34,999
into a rude and
disgusting surprise below,
598
00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:38,499
because beneath this
monastery is no basement.
599
00:27:38,500 --> 00:27:40,374
It's a giant cesspool.
600
00:27:40,375 --> 00:27:42,999
Before the days of
modern plumbing,
601
00:27:43,000 --> 00:27:45,957
human excrement
had to go somewhere
602
00:27:45,958 --> 00:27:49,166
and so they would create
these giant holes.
603
00:27:49,167 --> 00:27:49,999
And so this church had
604
00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:52,917
its own cesspool
under the floor.
605
00:27:54,833 --> 00:27:57,124
The noblemen are
sent into shock.
606
00:27:57,125 --> 00:27:59,124
In this era, very few
people know how to swim,
607
00:27:59,125 --> 00:28:02,207
so they are literally
drowning in human waste.
608
00:28:02,208 --> 00:28:05,832
Even those who can
swim face another deadly peril.
609
00:28:05,833 --> 00:28:07,207
One thing about cesspools is
610
00:28:07,208 --> 00:28:11,499
that they always have
toxic methane gas,
611
00:28:11,500 --> 00:28:14,999
and this methane can make a
person pass out in seconds,
612
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:17,332
which is what many of
the men began to do.
613
00:28:17,333 --> 00:28:19,666
Perhaps the luckiest man
in the room is King Heinrich,
614
00:28:19,667 --> 00:28:22,291
who happened to be standing in
a corner on a piece of stone.
615
00:28:22,292 --> 00:28:23,791
So when the floor gave way,
616
00:28:23,792 --> 00:28:26,582
he was able to reach up and
grab onto an iron fitting
617
00:28:26,583 --> 00:28:29,291
of a window until
he could be rescued.
618
00:28:29,292 --> 00:28:31,082
Unfortunately,
most of the men
619
00:28:31,083 --> 00:28:34,541
gathered for this disastrous
meeting aren't as fortunate.
620
00:28:34,542 --> 00:28:39,332
More than 60 noblemen perish
in the sea of holy excrement.
621
00:28:39,333 --> 00:28:40,832
This has to go down
622
00:28:40,833 --> 00:28:45,207
as one of the most tragic
and disgusting events
623
00:28:45,208 --> 00:28:46,333
in the medieval period.
624
00:28:48,292 --> 00:28:50,291
The event is chronicled
in German history
625
00:28:50,292 --> 00:28:52,707
as the Herford Latrine Fall,
626
00:28:52,708 --> 00:28:54,707
which doesn't quite
capture the calamity
627
00:28:54,708 --> 00:28:57,375
of drowning in a massive
pit of monk waste.
628
00:29:01,875 --> 00:29:03,042
When you think of
great balloon disasters,
629
00:29:03,208 --> 00:29:05,207
you might visualize something
fiery and terrifying
630
00:29:05,208 --> 00:29:06,666
like the Hindenburg.
631
00:29:06,667 --> 00:29:08,624
You certainly wouldn't
think of a battalion
632
00:29:08,625 --> 00:29:10,791
of innocent birthday balloons
633
00:29:10,792 --> 00:29:12,833
bringing a city to its knees.
634
00:29:14,708 --> 00:29:16,874
It's 1986 and
there's a feeling
635
00:29:16,875 --> 00:29:19,541
that Cleveland really
needs to remake its image.
636
00:29:19,542 --> 00:29:22,207
It's gone through really
difficult economic times,
637
00:29:22,208 --> 00:29:24,124
and it's often the
butt of the joke
638
00:29:24,125 --> 00:29:26,708
that calls them the
Mistake on the Lake.
639
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:29,374
In attempt to try to
rebrand their image,
640
00:29:29,375 --> 00:29:31,582
Cleveland's United
Way chapter decides
641
00:29:31,583 --> 00:29:32,707
they're gonna try to break
642
00:29:32,708 --> 00:29:34,749
a sort of odd world record
643
00:29:34,750 --> 00:29:37,999
by being the city that releases
644
00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:40,791
the most amount of balloons
at the exact same time
645
00:29:40,792 --> 00:29:42,041
into the air.
646
00:29:42,042 --> 00:29:45,707
And they decide to
call it Balloonfest '86.
647
00:29:49,833 --> 00:29:50,749
In
order to kick off the city's
648
00:29:50,750 --> 00:29:52,291
United Way charity campaign,
649
00:29:52,292 --> 00:29:54,832
volunteers blew up
one and a half million
650
00:29:54,833 --> 00:29:56,874
helium-filled balloons.
651
00:29:56,875 --> 00:29:59,124
After more than
six months of preparation,
652
00:29:59,125 --> 00:30:02,041
excited Clevelanders are
ready to make history.
653
00:30:02,042 --> 00:30:04,082
Nearly 100,000 people come out
654
00:30:04,083 --> 00:30:06,374
to this large
square in Cleveland,
655
00:30:06,375 --> 00:30:08,916
and you have people
watching from rooftops
656
00:30:08,917 --> 00:30:10,249
and from balconies,
657
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:11,541
it's a show.
658
00:30:12,833 --> 00:30:14,374
As the massive
net is released,
659
00:30:14,375 --> 00:30:18,791
a plume of 1.5 million
balloons rises into the sky.
660
00:30:18,792 --> 00:30:19,874
It was beautiful.
661
00:30:19,875 --> 00:30:22,832
It looked like
confetti going up.
662
00:30:22,833 --> 00:30:24,332
It's an amazing sight.
663
00:30:24,333 --> 00:30:27,874
Everyone is just blown away
by what they're witnessing.
664
00:30:27,875 --> 00:30:30,541
But suddenly, the
winds begin to pick up.
665
00:30:32,917 --> 00:30:35,041
Things really quickly
take a turn for the worst
666
00:30:35,042 --> 00:30:36,707
because the wind starts
taking these balloons
667
00:30:36,708 --> 00:30:37,874
to all different places
668
00:30:37,875 --> 00:30:39,207
that they don't really
want them going.
669
00:30:39,208 --> 00:30:40,957
And then on top of
that, it starts raining,
670
00:30:40,958 --> 00:30:43,791
which starts bringing all
the balloons back down again.
671
00:30:43,792 --> 00:30:45,832
This is a problem
because the organizers had
672
00:30:45,833 --> 00:30:48,541
actually planned to
fill the balloons
673
00:30:48,542 --> 00:30:49,999
with different amounts of helium
674
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:51,957
so that they would
come back to the ground
675
00:30:51,958 --> 00:30:53,457
at different times.
676
00:30:53,458 --> 00:30:54,749
That would make cleanup easier.
677
00:30:54,750 --> 00:30:56,749
It wouldn't all happen at once,
678
00:30:56,750 --> 00:30:58,833
but now it's all
happening at once.
679
00:30:59,917 --> 00:31:03,249
The balloons begin
littering the ground.
680
00:31:03,250 --> 00:31:06,582
Soon the Burke Lakefront
airport is forced to close
681
00:31:06,583 --> 00:31:09,375
and the damage is not
even close to being done.
682
00:31:10,625 --> 00:31:12,041
The night before the
launching of these balloons,
683
00:31:12,042 --> 00:31:14,499
two fishermen on
Lake Erie get lost,
684
00:31:14,500 --> 00:31:16,292
so a rescue effort was underway,
685
00:31:17,458 --> 00:31:20,749
but due to the hundreds
of thousands of balloons
686
00:31:20,750 --> 00:31:23,499
that are literally just
covering Lake Erie,
687
00:31:23,500 --> 00:31:26,958
it becomes to next to impossible
to find these fishermen.
688
00:31:28,208 --> 00:31:30,082
The Coast Guard
suspends the search
689
00:31:30,083 --> 00:31:35,083
and sadly, both men's bodies
are recovered weeks later.
690
00:31:37,083 --> 00:31:40,249
The families of the missing
fishermen are outraged.
691
00:31:40,250 --> 00:31:41,999
Later, the families will sue
692
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:44,500
the United Way for $3.2 million.
693
00:31:45,750 --> 00:31:47,207
Weeks after this disaster,
694
00:31:47,208 --> 00:31:50,499
balloons are found on beaches
as far away as Ontario.
695
00:31:50,500 --> 00:31:53,999
Just imagine how this was bad
for the wildlife in the area.
696
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:57,207
You can't have birds and
fish chowing down on latex,
697
00:31:57,208 --> 00:31:59,916
and it's just a
massive disaster.
698
00:31:59,917 --> 00:32:02,416
Amazingly, organizers
actually do get credit
699
00:32:02,417 --> 00:32:05,041
for breaking this
Guinness World Record.
700
00:32:05,042 --> 00:32:08,166
But given what we know
about the environmental hit,
701
00:32:08,167 --> 00:32:09,624
this doesn't seem like a record
702
00:32:09,625 --> 00:32:11,292
anybody's rushing to break.
703
00:32:13,208 --> 00:32:16,707
Thousands of rogue balloons
is certainly cause for alarm,
704
00:32:16,708 --> 00:32:17,957
but at least none of them were
705
00:32:17,958 --> 00:32:20,042
filled with
weapons-grade plutonium.
706
00:32:21,875 --> 00:32:23,541
It's the height
of the Cold War.
707
00:32:23,542 --> 00:32:26,916
And on this morning, an
American B-52 bomber is
708
00:32:26,917 --> 00:32:29,124
flying over the
Mediterranean near Spain
709
00:32:29,125 --> 00:32:31,166
and it's running low on fuel.
710
00:32:31,167 --> 00:32:33,499
The pilot lines up
behind a tanker plane
711
00:32:33,500 --> 00:32:34,917
for mid-air refueling.
712
00:32:36,083 --> 00:32:38,166
But the B-52 is
coming in too hot.
713
00:32:38,167 --> 00:32:41,499
He's approaching the
tanker with too much speed
714
00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:44,999
and they're getting dangerously
close to one another.
715
00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:47,999
Ordinarily, you'd hear
the boom operator command
716
00:32:48,000 --> 00:32:50,666
that B-52 aircraft to slow down
717
00:32:50,667 --> 00:32:51,791
and that command would be
718
00:32:51,792 --> 00:32:53,874
breakaway, breakaway, breakaway.
719
00:32:53,875 --> 00:32:55,666
But for some reason on that day,
720
00:32:55,667 --> 00:32:57,208
they didn't hear that command.
721
00:33:02,583 --> 00:33:05,207
The tanker explodes,
it bursts into flames.
722
00:33:05,208 --> 00:33:08,749
Both aircraft are destroyed
and they both crash.
723
00:33:08,750 --> 00:33:10,374
Seven airmen are killed.
724
00:33:10,375 --> 00:33:13,332
But there are unbelievable
ramifications of this crash
725
00:33:13,333 --> 00:33:15,958
that are about to threaten
the lives of millions.
726
00:33:16,875 --> 00:33:18,874
That B-52 on that day was
727
00:33:18,875 --> 00:33:22,375
carrying four
thermonuclear weapons.
728
00:33:23,375 --> 00:33:24,957
As the aircraft tears apart,
729
00:33:24,958 --> 00:33:27,166
the four bombs are ejected.
730
00:33:27,167 --> 00:33:30,207
They're now in free fall
above the coast of Spain,
731
00:33:30,208 --> 00:33:33,791
each of which over 100
times more powerful
732
00:33:33,792 --> 00:33:36,166
than the bomb detonated
over Hiroshima.
733
00:33:37,708 --> 00:33:40,124
Luckily, nuclear weapons
are designed not to go off
734
00:33:40,125 --> 00:33:42,207
unless you really,
really want them to.
735
00:33:42,208 --> 00:33:44,207
If the safety is
still on, so to speak,
736
00:33:44,208 --> 00:33:46,042
it's not going to
set off the nuke.
737
00:33:47,208 --> 00:33:48,791
Even though no
mushroom clouds appear
738
00:33:48,792 --> 00:33:50,332
over the Spanish coast,
739
00:33:50,333 --> 00:33:52,916
that doesn't mean
disaster is averted.
740
00:33:52,917 --> 00:33:55,499
They are for hours
unaccounted for,
741
00:33:55,500 --> 00:33:57,541
and that's a very
dangerous situation.
742
00:33:57,542 --> 00:33:59,874
United States forces
spring into action
743
00:33:59,875 --> 00:34:02,666
and scramble to search for these
744
00:34:02,667 --> 00:34:05,166
with utmost importance.
745
00:34:05,167 --> 00:34:07,207
Amazingly, within 24 hours,
746
00:34:07,208 --> 00:34:09,416
they discover three
of the four bombs.
747
00:34:09,417 --> 00:34:11,667
They're near a fishing
village called Palomares.
748
00:34:13,167 --> 00:34:15,666
Now this doesn't set
off a nuclear explosion,
749
00:34:15,667 --> 00:34:19,166
but it does spew radioactive
plutonium into the air,
750
00:34:19,167 --> 00:34:23,124
which has irradiated large
chunks of the Spanish coastline.
751
00:34:23,125 --> 00:34:26,167
There's also a
fourth bomb still missing.
752
00:34:27,542 --> 00:34:30,916
Thus enters a fisherman,
Francisco Simó Orts.
753
00:34:30,917 --> 00:34:32,624
He claims to the
United States Navy
754
00:34:32,625 --> 00:34:36,791
that he saw the fourth
bomb splash down
755
00:34:36,792 --> 00:34:38,457
somewhere in the Mediterranean,
756
00:34:38,458 --> 00:34:41,167
which prompts yet
another massive search.
757
00:34:42,167 --> 00:34:44,207
Time is of the
essence in this search,
758
00:34:44,208 --> 00:34:46,541
and that's because it's
the height of the Cold War.
759
00:34:46,542 --> 00:34:48,374
So it could be that the
Soviets are out there
760
00:34:48,375 --> 00:34:49,874
'cause they would
love nothing more
761
00:34:49,875 --> 00:34:53,207
than to get their hands on a
B28 F1 thermonuclear weapon
762
00:34:53,208 --> 00:34:56,374
and compare it to the technology
that they have developed.
763
00:34:56,375 --> 00:34:57,666
With Francisco's help,
764
00:34:57,667 --> 00:35:00,124
about 30 Navy ships
begin combing the area
765
00:35:00,125 --> 00:35:01,207
looking for this fourth bomb.
766
00:35:01,208 --> 00:35:03,208
They find it about
80 days later.
767
00:35:07,417 --> 00:35:10,874
Now, according to maritime
salvage tradition and law,
768
00:35:10,875 --> 00:35:12,707
Francisco should be accorded
769
00:35:12,708 --> 00:35:17,791
1% of the bomb's value
for helping to find it.
770
00:35:17,792 --> 00:35:19,082
The declared value
771
00:35:19,083 --> 00:35:21,749
of a B28 F1 thermonuclear
free-fall bomb
772
00:35:21,750 --> 00:35:24,332
was $2 billion in 1966.
773
00:35:24,333 --> 00:35:27,541
Technically, Francisco was
entitled to $20 million.
774
00:35:27,542 --> 00:35:30,791
That would've made him Spain's
newest multimillionaire.
775
00:35:30,792 --> 00:35:35,041
According to Francisco, the
military has never paid up,
776
00:35:35,042 --> 00:35:38,208
but of course he does come
away with a fantastic nickname,
777
00:35:39,083 --> 00:35:40,375
Paco de la Bomba.
778
00:35:46,458 --> 00:35:48,332
Maritime disasters
are usually caused
779
00:35:48,333 --> 00:35:51,374
by something ominous like an
iceberg or a violent storm.
780
00:35:51,375 --> 00:35:52,999
But there's one deep sea debacle
781
00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:57,124
that happens simply because
a guy just really has to go.
782
00:35:59,250 --> 00:36:01,999
A newly commissioned
state-of-the-art submarine,
783
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:05,874
U-1206, is the pride
of the Nazi Navy.
784
00:36:05,875 --> 00:36:08,791
Commanding the submarine on
its maiden combat mission is
785
00:36:08,792 --> 00:36:10,874
a very green captain,
786
00:36:10,875 --> 00:36:13,667
27-year-old Karl-Adolf Schlitt.
787
00:36:15,042 --> 00:36:18,291
On this date, Schlitt
has U-1206 at 200 feet
788
00:36:18,292 --> 00:36:20,667
patrolling just off of Scotland,
789
00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:24,124
but he's also dealing with
the headache of one engine
790
00:36:24,125 --> 00:36:25,749
that's inoperable
791
00:36:25,750 --> 00:36:27,666
and he has engineers
who are working
792
00:36:27,667 --> 00:36:29,417
to return that
engine to service.
793
00:36:30,792 --> 00:36:33,791
Suddenly, Captain
Schlitt finds himself
794
00:36:33,792 --> 00:36:35,707
in need of a bathroom break.
795
00:36:35,708 --> 00:36:40,291
Luckily, this sub has a new,
state-of-the-art technology,
796
00:36:40,292 --> 00:36:43,249
an underwater flushing toilet.
797
00:36:43,250 --> 00:36:47,582
It has this complicated
system of valves and chambers
798
00:36:47,583 --> 00:36:50,166
that allow the waste
to be expelled,
799
00:36:50,167 --> 00:36:51,832
kind of like a torpedo.
800
00:36:52,750 --> 00:36:53,583
It's shot out at pressure.
801
00:36:55,458 --> 00:36:57,374
It's so complicated,
802
00:36:57,375 --> 00:36:59,207
it even has its own engineer
803
00:36:59,208 --> 00:37:01,292
dubbed the toilet officer.
804
00:37:02,833 --> 00:37:06,374
So when Captain Schlitt
finished doing his business,
805
00:37:06,375 --> 00:37:09,082
that special toilet officer is
806
00:37:09,083 --> 00:37:11,167
still trying to fix the engine.
807
00:37:12,208 --> 00:37:13,999
Schlitt takes it
into his own hands
808
00:37:14,000 --> 00:37:15,374
and decides to undergo
809
00:37:15,375 --> 00:37:17,707
the complex flushing
procedure by himself.
810
00:37:17,708 --> 00:37:21,707
He turns a couple knobs,
flips a couple levers,
811
00:37:21,708 --> 00:37:23,166
but nothing happens.
812
00:37:23,167 --> 00:37:25,208
He decides to summon
the toilet officer.
813
00:37:26,500 --> 00:37:29,624
The toilet officer
begins to flush the system,
814
00:37:29,625 --> 00:37:33,707
not realizing that Schlitt
had already opened two valves.
815
00:37:33,708 --> 00:37:37,875
This results in the opening
of valves out of sequence.
816
00:37:42,375 --> 00:37:46,332
In an instant, sea water
and human waste comes
817
00:37:46,333 --> 00:37:49,375
flooding into the
chamber at full force.
818
00:37:50,625 --> 00:37:53,999
The battery compartment
fills with this sea water,
819
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:58,624
which reacts with the battery
acid to produce chlorine gas,
820
00:37:58,625 --> 00:38:01,792
which has the potential to kill
everybody on the submarine.
821
00:38:03,583 --> 00:38:05,541
Captain Schlitt
only has one option,
822
00:38:05,542 --> 00:38:08,957
perform an emergency
surfacing procedure
823
00:38:08,958 --> 00:38:10,667
and shoot to the to.
824
00:38:13,542 --> 00:38:15,332
When the sub surfaces,
825
00:38:15,333 --> 00:38:18,041
they're immediately
spotted by Allied aircraft
826
00:38:18,042 --> 00:38:19,707
and come under heavy fire.
827
00:38:21,042 --> 00:38:25,041
Schlitt has no choice
but to scuttle the U-1206
828
00:38:25,042 --> 00:38:26,707
before it falls
into enemy hands.
829
00:38:26,708 --> 00:38:28,999
He orders his crew
onto lifeboats,
830
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:30,416
orders the valves open,
831
00:38:30,417 --> 00:38:33,041
and the sub plunges
beneath the waves
832
00:38:33,042 --> 00:38:34,792
to the bottom of
the North Atlantic.
833
00:38:38,042 --> 00:38:40,958
Four of his 50 crewmen
die in this procedure.
834
00:38:42,458 --> 00:38:44,749
Captain Schlitt survives
the ordeal though,
835
00:38:44,750 --> 00:38:46,707
and lives to 2009.
836
00:38:46,708 --> 00:38:49,082
And his legacy, he'll
forever be known
837
00:38:49,083 --> 00:38:51,666
as the captain who lost a ship
838
00:38:51,667 --> 00:38:54,417
due to one fatal toilet flush.
839
00:38:57,250 --> 00:38:59,124
That's one costly
bathroom break,
840
00:38:59,125 --> 00:39:03,041
but what about $300 million
going down the drain?
841
00:39:05,833 --> 00:39:07,582
It's February of 2022,
842
00:39:07,583 --> 00:39:09,874
and you have the
Felicity Ace cargo ship
843
00:39:09,875 --> 00:39:12,292
sailing from Germany
to the United States.
844
00:39:13,458 --> 00:39:16,666
It's carrying around
4,000 luxury cars.
845
00:39:16,667 --> 00:39:19,041
We're talking everything
from Lamborghinis
846
00:39:19,042 --> 00:39:20,624
to Porsches to Bentleys,
847
00:39:20,625 --> 00:39:21,999
and some of these
cars are costing
848
00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:25,249
as much as $400,000 a pop.
849
00:39:25,250 --> 00:39:27,416
So the Felicity Ace is
850
00:39:27,417 --> 00:39:30,707
in the vicinity of an island
chain called the Azores
851
00:39:30,708 --> 00:39:34,124
when a massive fire breaks out.
852
00:39:34,125 --> 00:39:36,083
But this is no ordinary fire.
853
00:39:37,542 --> 00:39:41,332
This is a fire fueled
by lithium ion batteries
854
00:39:41,333 --> 00:39:45,457
and the 22-man crew
cannot control this fire.
855
00:39:45,458 --> 00:39:47,416
Rescue teams do
arrive by helicopter
856
00:39:47,417 --> 00:39:48,999
and they do make sure
that the crew is safe,
857
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,957
but it takes crews
ultimately around two weeks
858
00:39:51,958 --> 00:39:52,875
to put the blaze out.
859
00:39:54,125 --> 00:39:57,541
The structural damage
to the ship is so severe,
860
00:39:57,542 --> 00:40:00,707
it can't make the trip
to New York on its own.
861
00:40:00,708 --> 00:40:03,041
However, there is still hope
862
00:40:03,042 --> 00:40:05,082
for quite a few of the cars
863
00:40:05,083 --> 00:40:06,707
and their manufacturer says,
864
00:40:06,708 --> 00:40:09,957
"Listen, we don't need to
lose all of our inventory.
865
00:40:09,958 --> 00:40:14,457
Let's try to salvage this so
this is not a complete loss."
866
00:40:14,458 --> 00:40:16,957
A rescue tugboat
arrives from Portugal
867
00:40:16,958 --> 00:40:19,707
and attempts to tow
the ship to safety.
868
00:40:19,708 --> 00:40:22,374
As soon as they
start to tow this boat,
869
00:40:22,375 --> 00:40:26,541
it begins to list to the
right and to the left,
870
00:40:26,542 --> 00:40:28,124
and each time it does,
871
00:40:28,125 --> 00:40:29,666
it takes on more water.
872
00:40:29,667 --> 00:40:31,707
And as it takes on more water,
873
00:40:31,708 --> 00:40:34,541
it becomes harder
and harder to move
874
00:40:34,542 --> 00:40:37,917
and eventually, it
rolls over on its side.
875
00:40:39,042 --> 00:40:40,416
So all of these people,
876
00:40:40,417 --> 00:40:42,457
the ship's crew
and the rescuers,
877
00:40:42,458 --> 00:40:44,291
the tug boat team are watching,
878
00:40:44,292 --> 00:40:47,541
not being able to do anything
as the full cargo vessel
879
00:40:47,542 --> 00:40:50,582
full of these expensive
cars slowly sinks
880
00:40:50,583 --> 00:40:51,791
to the bottom of the ocean,
881
00:40:51,792 --> 00:40:53,958
10,000 feet down into the sea.
882
00:40:55,500 --> 00:40:59,832
The estimated total loss
for these 4,000 cars is
883
00:40:59,833 --> 00:41:01,500
$330 million.
884
00:41:04,792 --> 00:41:06,207
If you ever wanted
a free Bentley,
885
00:41:06,208 --> 00:41:08,666
now you know where
you can find one.
886
00:41:08,667 --> 00:41:11,541
Whether it's a blazing hell
hole in a remote desert,
887
00:41:11,542 --> 00:41:14,541
a fireworks display
gone horribly wrong
888
00:41:14,542 --> 00:41:17,124
or one catastrophic
flush of the commode,
889
00:41:17,125 --> 00:41:20,541
these are the disasters
that are so inconceivable
890
00:41:20,542 --> 00:41:22,833
they are truly unbelievable.
68852
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