All language subtitles for Ancient.Aliens.S18E09.720p.HULU.WEBRip.x264-GalaxyTV

Throughout the ancient world, there are
tales of fire -breathing beasts

descending from the sky.

No matter where we go, we find legends
of these beings.

Throughout Asia, ancient cultures
reported dragons descending from the

We have dragon stories in India, in
Indonesia, in ancient Greece.

These winged creatures inspired both
fear and veneration.

The dragon represents something
incredibly powerful, but also incredibly

Dragons are here to bring something to
their people.

But could accounts of dragons be based
on real events?

And might the truth behind this mythical
monster be more incredible than anyone

has imagined?

The sons of heaven that came from those
dragons are integral to the foundation

of civilization.

There is a doorway in the universe.

Beyond it is the promise of truth.

It demands we question everything we
have ever been taught.

The evidence is all around us.

The future is right before our eyes.

We are not alone.

We have never been alone.

In the ceremonial courtyard of the
mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, 10 ,000

people gather to watch a traditional
dragon dance.

The dragon dance is an ancient ceremony
which for thousands of years has been a

representation of the dragon coming from
the sky and returning to the sky.

This is part of the Chinese culture, of
the Chinese civilization.

So it's very important for the Chinese
to have this dance.

The Chinese people from the very little,
from toddlers on, know about the

dragons. The dragons are ever -present.

Ancient China was a land where humans
lived in tandem with the divine beings,

with the gods.

And the gods rode upon dragons.

And so for this reason, the dragon
became revered as a sacred symbol

China.

Here in Shaanxi.

in what is known as the Qingming
Festival. The ceremony celebrates the

considered to be the father of all
Chinese people.

The Yellow Emperor, also known as
Huangdi, is a legendary ruler who

Chinese civilization nearly 5 ,000 years
ago.

The Yellow Emperor, Huangdi, is this
semi -mythical figure in Chinese

He's an originator of Chinese
civilization and culture, and he is

numerous inventions that came to define
Chinese civilization, anything from

domesticating animals to the calendar
and various astronomical sciences.

The Yellow Emperor also crafted a
magical cauldron, and one version of the

has a dragon emerging from the cauldron.

And then the Yellow Emperor jumps on the
dragon's back, and the dragon ascends

up to heaven.

The Chinese would say, we're the
descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

way of putting how Chinese believe him
to be the very founder of Chinese

civilization.

In fact, just about everything that you
would think as the basic elements of

civilization is somehow associated.

with the Yellow Emperor.

We Chinese people consider ourselves the
descendants of the dragon.

So there should be a certain connection
between the identities of the Chinese

people, both as the descendants of the
Yellow Emperor and as the descendants of

the dragon.

At the end of the Qingming Festival, the
dragon is released into the sky.

symbolizing Huangdi's departure from
Earth to the heavenly realm.

The Yellow Emperor is believed to have
flown up to the sky and dwell

in the pole star at the very center of
the sky.

And there he actually would live
forever.

The idea of a dragon, a metaphysical
being who looked very real, had

to come from somewhere.

They could not just imagine a
complicated being like Chinese dragons.

They had to see objects that were flying
at incredible speeds and the superior

beings riding on them.

Now, from the ancient astronaut
perspective, the dragon was never a

It was a flying craft.

It is only natural.

that our ancestors would describe these
things as living creatures with fire and

smoke. They had never seen anything like
it before.

One has to wonder if Wang Di himself was
misinterpreted and that he was an

extraterrestrial and he arrived in an
extraterrestrial craft.

In China, in UFO research, a dragon is
the symbol of aircraft.

There is a view that the Yellow Emperor
arrived in the wonderful land of China

through an aircraft, and he flew back
afterwards.

Could the story of Wang Di traveling on
a dragon be an account of an

extraterrestrial traveling in a
spaceship, as ancient astronaut

suggest?

In the modern world, tales of dragons
are widely considered to be strictly a

product of the imagination.

But some researchers believe physical
evidence exists that suggests the

stories of dragons could be true.

According to an article published in
1962

in the German magazine Das Vegetarische
Universum, Beijing University

archaeologist Dr. Chuen Ming, was
leading an expedition here in 1936 when

and his team came upon neat rows of
graves inside a cave.

The archaeologists reported that the
graves contained the corpses of small

creatures resembling humans, but with
spindly arms and legs and huge skulls.

buried with them were hundreds of
strange stone disks.

There's a fascinating story in China
where allegedly...

a cave was found with hundreds of discs,
and the discs were about this wide,

and it seemed that they had some type of
a groove in them, reminding of modern

-day vinyl record.

And what's interesting is that,
allegedly, some of these grooves

contained really tiny types of writing,
hieroglyphics or something.

And when archaeologists finally
deciphered or translated this writing,

this incredible story of
extraterrestrial beings called the

had come from the stars, crash -landed
on Earth, and were unable to rebuild a

spacecraft in order to return to their
home.

Unfortunately, after the initial
research in the early 1960s, the disks,

today as the Dropa stones, vanished.

But mysteriously, in 1974, photographs
surfaced of what were alleged to be two

drop of stones on display at the Banpo
Museum in Xi 'an City, China.

In 1994, a colleague of mine, Hartwig
Hausdorff, and his colleague, Peter

Krosser, went to China to ask the
whereabouts of these stone discs.

During the 60s and 70s, there was a big
cultural revolution in China,

where lots of cultural relics were
destroyed. And that's possibly the

that two of the more than 700 stone
disks could have found their way down to

'an into this little museum.

In spring of 1994, my way led me also
into this little Banpo Museum.

where I got to speak with the present
curator of the museum. I showed him the

photographs that were taken 20 years ago
in his museum, and he told me the

former manageress of the museum, along
with two stone discs that were on

display, they have disappeared without
any trace. And up to now, no one knows

where the lady and the two stone
discs... have gone.

We can speculate that most of the stone
disks are still inside those caves in

Bayankara -Ula Mountains.

Could there be additional dropa stones
still hidden somewhere in the Bayankara

-Ula Mountains?

For ancient astronaut theorists, another
intriguing aspect of the story is that

the Qinghai province, which is home to
this mountain range, has a connection to

dragons.

What's interesting about the drop of
stones is that the region they were

discovered in is very close to the
Qinghai Lake, which has its patron, is a

dragon god.

You have the fascinating story of the
dragon king of the West Sea, the Qinghai

Lake. And Qinghai is also in the same
area where the drop of stone allegedly

came from.

Now, one of the fascinating connections
here is that the dragon kings were also

said to be cloud breathers.

And one of the things that we see in the
actual translation from the Drapa stone

is that the Drapa people came forth in
their clouds from the sky.

So this idea of cloud breathers as
dragons and the Drapa coming from these

clouds seems to be potentially
connected. Maybe the dragons and the

one and the same.

Could it be that the dragon...

which remains sacred and iconic in China
to this day, commemorates an

extraterrestrial visitation that
occurred thousands of years ago and was

allegedly recorded on the Tropa stones.

Perhaps further clues can be found by
examining other ancient traditions all

over the world of dragon gods.

Kyoto, Japan.

An imposing statue of a dragon guards
the west gate of the Buddhist temple

as Kimizudera.

It is just one of the many dragons that
adorn the shrine.

And according to temple legends, every
night a dragon descends from the sky to

drink at the temple's waterfall.

In Japan, dragons, sometimes known as
naga, are not only revered as deities,

they are also considered to be the
founders of Japan's royal family.

It was said in ancient Japan that the
dragon god lived at the bottom of the

ocean. His daughter had a daughter, and
her child was Jimmu, the first emperor

of Japan.

To be descended from a dragon is to be
from the divine dimension of nature.

but also from the stars.

According to legend, Jimu, the great
-grandson of the dragon god, received

divine items called the Imperial
Regalia.

The Imperial Regalia of Japan was sent
from the heavenly realms.

This was composed of a jewel, a sword,
and a mirror that was utilized by all

Japanese emperors, and they're still
believed to exist to this day.

They're considered to be artifacts of
such incredible power that ordinary

are not allowed to come into contact
with them.

With this celestial mirror, it is said
that he was able to see anything

that goes on on planet Earth without
having to go anywhere.

What are we talking about here?

Imagine that you show your laptop or
your cell phone to your great -great

-grandfather, and all of a sudden, you
are showing him a magical mirror,

you can see anything on a laptop.

I think that the celestial regalia of
Jimmu are extraterrestrial

artifacts that were collected at the
time when the celestial teachers

to as dragons were here teaching
mankind.

and in this case, in the area of Japan.

The ancestors of the Japanese emperor
were gods, specifically

gods in the sky.

They landed on the earth and are linked
to the current Japanese imperial family,

which means that their family is related
to extraterrestrials.

While the dragon is a prominent figure
in East Asian cultures, many ancient

peoples, who archaeologists believe had
no history of contact, also revered the

supposedly mythical flying beast.

Dragons are found throughout Africa and
in ancient Egypt.

They were featured in the earliest
traditions of Persia, Greece, and Rome.

And North American folklore often spoke
of dragon -like creatures.

The dragon is worldwide because, again,
in Central America, in Villa Hermosa,

there is a stone called the dragon
monolith. You see a man sitting inside

dragon. You see the form of the dragon
with his open mouth like a snake.

And you see the man is sitting inside.

he has a helmet on he uses his head to
manipulate control so the story

of the dragon has come around the world
from china to central america the

dragons are found all over the world in
ancient traditions and there's always an

element of extreme power they could
destroy but they could also become

and they were great teachers of very
high wisdom and have extreme

intelligence as well in some cases and
yet this became a symbol of different

cultures and different leaders around
the world was this because they

something emerging from clouds from a
fiery kind of sky

and actually this is where the whole
dragon mythos really came from Who were

the original dragons?

And why are they always depicted as
flying?

For researchers of mythology, an equally
intriguing question is why so many

separate cultures ended up calling these
flying entities by the same name.

Many languages use exactly the same word
for dragon, or something very similar

at least, you have got in the Middle
East.

The Philistine god who looks like a
dragon was called

Dagon.

In England, you've got Dragon.

In parts of Finland, you've got Dragon.

And in Eastern Europe, you've got
Dracul.

And then a bit further south, you've got
Draco.

In Basque, which is unconnected to any
other language, the word is Dragoi. In

India, it's Dragan.

In Swahili, Dragoni. And in ancient
Greek, Dracon.

They all have similar names.

How can this be?

What's behind all this?

These people were not in touch with each
other. So how does this come about?

It's very curious that no matter where
we go, we find legends of dragons.

with the exact same word used to
describe this creature or these beings.

be that there was a common source.

And it makes you wonder if it's possible
that these beings originally introduced

themselves with this name that is
something like dragon.

What can account for this supposedly
mythical creature appearing in dozens of

distinct traditions throughout the
ancient world?

As far as ancient astronaut theorists
are concerned, the ubiquity of dragon

legends lends further support to the
notion that our ancestors encountered

vehicles descending from the sky.

The reason why countless ancient
cultures have references to dragons is

many of these ancient cultures were
visited by the same beings flying the

craft.

They're seeing the same thing in all
these different places.

And what they're seeing is of airships
with fire and thunder and smoke and

huge wings.

And so they're describing them in
similar ways in different parts of the

Could the ubiquity of dragon worship
throughout the world, along with a

linguistic connection, provide further
evidence that our ancestors witnessed

something very real?

coming down from the sky perhaps further
clues can be found by examining ancient

stone sculptures from north america that
depict a legendary flying servant god

in a humanoid form

teotihuacan

mexico dating back to at least the first
century a .d this ancient

complex was once the largest city in
Mesoamerica, with a population of 125

,000.

One of the most sacred temples at the
site is the Temple of the Feathered

Serpent, an enormous step pyramid
dedicated to the god Quetzalcoatl.

Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent,
goes all the way back to Olmec times, to

the BCE period.

But the first place that we really see
Quetzalcoatl is in Teotihuacan, the city

just north of modern Mexico City.

They build an actual pyramid, a temple
of Quetzalcoatl, right around 250

AD. So it's probably Teotihuacan.

who really put forward the idea and the
identity of Quetzalcoatl as a deity

for the rest of Mesoamerica.

Quetzalcoatl was a creator god. He was
associated with the planet Venus.

He brought the rain. He brought water.
He brought civilization. He brought the

arts. This was the creator divinity for
the Aztec culture.

It was a flying serpent. It was a
dragon.

Quetzalcoatl brought peace, harmony and
high wisdom and a very high level of

intelligence and teaching to this
particular land. He was often depicted

human being as well.

He arrived on a raft of serpents and
settled on these lands.

Quetzalcoatl also shows up in the post
-classic Maya city of Chichen Itza.

But they give him a Maya name. They call
him Kukulkan, which is basically the

holy feathered serpent in Maya.

The ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza
lies roughly 900 miles east of

Teotihuacan. And at its center stands
another massive step pyramid.

This one dedicated to the Mayan version
of the flying serpent, Kukulkan.

In Chichen Itza, there we have the
pyramid of Kukulkan. And every year, on

23rd of March, you see, when the sun is
going up, some lights

and shadows, lights and shadows, like
triangles, climbing down the stairway,

exactly the stairway where his head is
on.

And on the 21st of September, you see
the opposite.

Kukulkan disappears.

And it's only made by light and shadow
of the natural sun.

So still today, the message is clear.

God Kukulkan has descended to the
humans.

He teached them for a certain period.
And then he disappeared again.

So right there, we have living mythology
in a structure that shows...

this deity descending from the sky in
stone.

You wonder if perhaps a craft landed
here, and this light shadow effect of a

serpent making its way descending down
the staircase and then emerging through

serpent head is a recollection of that
original event.

Is it possible that the Pyramid of
Kukulkan was not built to honor a

dragon god, but to commemorate the
arrival of an extraterrestrial

Ancient astronaut theorists say yes and
suggest this isn't the only dragon

-themed structure that marks a location
of alien contact.

Evia, Greece.

The landscape of this small Greek island
is spotted with 25 mysterious

megalithic structures called dragon
houses.

The main dragon house is at the very top
of one of the tallest mountains on the

island called Mount Ohi.

Mount Ohi comes from the word Ohivare,
which means to descend

and to drive.

And so this is interesting because
according to legend, the reason why the

dragon house exists at the top of Mount
Ohi...

is because Zeus allegedly descended from
the heavens on top of that

mountain.

According to local legend, these stone
structures were built by a giant dragon

to venerate the god Zeus.

In ancient Greece, the word dragon was
not only used to describe a flying

monster, but also gods and other figures
that had human -like form but possessed

superhuman powers.

Now, when you put all this together,
this sounds like the dragon house is a

meeting place of heaven and earth.

In UFO vernacular, that would be a
landing spot.

In my opinion, the dragon was the craft
out of which then the creator

people or the teachers emerged.

Our ancestors, basically, they saw a
crew coming out of an airplane.

According to ancient astronaut
theorists, some of the structures

serve as evidence that this was a place
of extraterrestrial contact.

The Dragon House on top of Mount Ohi
contains megalithic blocks weighing up

10 tons and sits at an elevation of
almost 5 ,000 feet.

Archaeologists have a hard time
explaining why it was even built there.

Because we are talking of this gigantic
megalithic structure with a ceiling

that contains blocks that are up to 10
feet long, 2 feet thick,

at an altitude of 5 ,000 feet.

How was that done? In my opinion, this
was an extraterrestrial visitation where

Zeus may have descended in his craft and
built a day camp.

Could the stone structures found in
Greece and Mesoamerica mark the

where otherworldly beings landed on
Earth and ultimately returned to the

Ancient astronaut theorists say yes and
suggest these alien visitors may still

be here today, pointing to legends of
dragons that come not from the sky,

but from under the sea.

Nineveh, 1849.

British archaeologist Austin Henry Laird
and his team uncover a cache of ancient

clay tablets dating back to at least the
7th century BC.

The pieces contain some of the earliest
writings of humankind, including the

Epic of Gilgamesh and the Enuma Eilish,
the Sumerian creation story centered

around a sea dragon.

Ancient Sumeria is generally considered
the earliest civilization on Earth, and

their early mythology involves the
Tiamat.

Tiamat comes from the sea. She's a sea
servant. She is chaos.

Dragons are most often seen flying
through the sky. However, there are also

examples of dragons that lived in the
water.

For example, in the Babylonian myth of
Tiamat.

And then in the Greek myth, we learn of
Hydra, which is referred to as a dragon

that lives in the sea.

Servants from the sea can also be found
in Norse mythology, in the ancient

Canaanite tradition, as well as the
Maori tales of New Zealand.

But of all the stories of sea dragons
from across the globe, perhaps there is

none more well -known than the Leviathan
of the Hebrew Bible.

Often described as a gigantic sea
creature, the Leviathan wreaks chaos on

world.

Leviathan in biblical terms is
considered this sea monster of behemoth

proportions. Huge.

Now in the book of Job, the behemoth all
of a sudden is seen and witnessed.

And the way Job describes it, it's not a
biological entity that we are familiar

with today. It is described that it has
skin of metal and

ribs made out of gleaming brawn.

Its limbs like bars of iron. Its back is
made of shields in rows,

shut up closely as with a seal.

And then Job even describes that it is
like some type of an

animal. But what animal breathes smoke
and fire and has glowing eyes?

Might the eyewitness account of the
Leviathan found in the book of Job

be a description not of an underwater
creature, but of misunderstood

as ancient astronaut theorists suggest?

In the book of Job, we have a text line
that says that this creature's outer

skin consists of two hulls. So this
description in ancient biblical

times that we have a double hull object
is interesting because

we know today that submarines have two
hulls.

And the reason why they have two hulls
is in order to dive and resurface. And

what happens is you fill and empty the
ballast tanks.

Now, what happens when you empty the
ballast tanks? The submarine

ejects a whole bunch of air that makes
the whole surrounding area

look as if the ocean is boiling.

And we have exactly this reference point
in Job, that all of a sudden, the

wake of the Leviathan, it looked as if
the sea was boiling.

Job describes, having seen this thing
also on land, it begs the question

if what we have here is an example of a
transmedium craft, a craft that

operates both on land and in the water.

Today we have videos of UFOs or UAPs
that are coming and going from the

We call them transmedium craft.

Well, this is exactly what we see in
these ancient myths about the dragons.

These are supposed to be dragons or
mythological creatures, winged creatures

that fly in the air, but then they also
go into the ocean.

And it makes you wonder, are these in
fact UFOs that were seen in the ancient

world that were interpreted or
mythologized as dragons?

I was in the Navy for nine years, and we
always talked with each other about

unidentified submersible objects that
are UFOs that stay in the water and then

bust out of the top of the ocean, and
off they go.

It's very widespread.

As a matter of fact, there have been
reports of lights down in the water

following our Navy ships.

And then all of a sudden they bust
through the top of the ocean and they

off. They're out there.

And it's entirely possible that people
who witnessed these things a long time

ago confused them with creatures or real
dragons.

Could the accounts of dragons emerging
from the sea found in mythologies around

the world be descriptions of an advanced
technology capable of traveling not

only through the sky, but also?

through water?

And if so, might the misinterpreted
craft our ancestors witnessed be the

UFOs reportedly seen today?

Ancient astronaut theorists suggest the
answers may be found by examining the

alignment of an ancient structure to a
dragon in the stars.

Northwest Cambodia.

Just outside the city of Siem Reap lies
Angkor Wat, the world's largest

religious structure, with each side
measuring nearly a mile long.

Mainstream archaeologists believe the
temple complex was likely constructed

around the 12th century AD.

But according to Cambodian legend, it is
far older.

Built in 600 BC,

by a half -human, half -divine architect
who traveled between Earth and the

realm of the god.

Angkor Wat was built by none other than
Priya Pisnokar.

His mother is not of this world. She
wants to bring him to where she

comes from.

And so she takes her son to what's
called Indra's Heaven.

According to mythologies, The center
part of Angkor Wat is a one -to -one

replica of whatever was seen out there.

According to some experts, the layout of
Angkor Wat revealed another intriguing

connection to the cosmos.

In 1996, author and researcher John
Grigsby discovered that the temple

complex appears to align with certain
stars in the night sky.

John Grigsby made a brilliant discovery.

He noticed that the entire Angkor Wat
complex is a mirror image of the Draco

constellation.

In Latin, the word Draco means dragon.

If you were to take a constellation map
of Draco and superimpose it onto a

map of Angkor Wat, there are multiple
structures at Angkor Wat that line up

exactly to the main stars of the
constellation of Draco.

So you have to wonder what the
connection is.

And the answer to that, in my opinion,
is that if you would like to show a

local population where you are from,

You have them build something in the
constellation of where you are from. To

those are calling cards where our
teachers long ago came from.

Is it possible that the story of Angkor
Wat's celestial origins is true?

And that it was purposely designed to
line up with the stars of Draco?

Because this was the ancestral home of
Priya Pishnokar.

Ancient astronaut theorists point to the
temple's many depictions of dragon

-like creatures as further evidence that
it has a profound connection to the

Draco constellation.

In South Asian traditions, Nagas occupy
an important place. They are considered

to be very powerful creatures.

They are shapeshifters, and Nagas share
a number of interesting similarities

with Chinese dragons.

more specifically. So both of them are
givers of knowledge and of wisdom.

In the same way that Kukulkan seems to
represent some sort of a craft to the

Mayans, we find the same thing with the
Naga at Angkor Wat. They could represent

a craft that is utilized to transport
people from Earth to Draco.

Is it possible that dragon traditions
throughout the globe originated with

visitors coming to Earth from a planet
somewhere within the Draco

Curiously, Angkor Wat is not the only
ancient site that aligns with Draco.

On the other side of the world, in Ohio,
a Native American serpent effigy known

as Serpent Mound was positioned to point
to Draco.

And in ancient Egypt, all pyramids,

were positioned to have an entrance
passage geometrically aligned so that

Draco's primary star, Alpha Draconis,
would be visible at night.

It's interesting to think that the
constellation Draco may have something

with these dragon myths.

With all of these separate cultures
around the world that are seemingly

unconnected, whatever these flying
dragons are,

Perhaps they came from a planet that was
from the star system, Drago.

Virtually every culture has a legend
about dragons or dragon beings that came

from the sky.

And what we're uncovering now is the
revelation that these beings came from

sky because they're actually
extraterrestrial beings.

Is it possible that today we're
subconsciously tapping into hidden

something that has always been there and
is part of the thought sphere of

humanity?

Could it be that humankind's long -held
fascination with dragons has a direct

link to the cosmos and possibly visitors
from the constellation of Draco?

Have stories and imagery of dragons
persisted in modern times because of a

-seated desire to reconnect with our
extraterrestrial past?

Perhaps further clues can be found by
examining humanity's latest endeavors

beyond Earth.

and the recent launch of a spacecraft
called Dragon.

The Gulf of Mexico,

January 24th, 2022.

Just off the coast of Panama, Florida,
the latest SpaceX cargo shuttle called

Dragon splashes down.

It's really fascinating what's happening
right now because

SpaceX just named their rocket Dragon.

The Chinese named their entire rocket
fleet based on ancient Chinese

celestial mythology.

It's called the Shang Tzu program, and
Shang Tzu means heavenly chariot.

So to have all of a sudden modern
cultures refer to their celestial

as dragons or heavenly chariot to me is
nothing else but a repetition of

history, meaning we are not the first to
do this.

The image of the dragon still excites
our imagination.

When Elon Musk decides to build a
spaceship to lift up to the stars, he

Dragon.

So it's almost like we're acting out
mythology. We're riding on or in a

back up to the stars.

Clearly, humankind has had a love
affair, an eternal fascination with

dragons.

And in my opinion, dragons did not
really exist in a biological form.

but perhaps they were the result of an
incredible event that happened a long,

long time ago in our collective
unconscious.

It may surprise a lot of people to know
that throughout the world, the dragon is

not a symbol of evil.

It's certainly not in China. It's a
symbol of good luck and fortune.

In the Middle East, the serpent brings
knowledge and understanding.

Even today, we have the symbol of a
serpent, a winged snake, associated with

knowledge on the medical badge.

Virtually every culture in the known
ancient world has some kind of dragon

legend, every single one of them. The
dragon represents something incredibly

powerful, but also incredibly noble.

Dragons are something that people are
obsessed with.

Even today, people still get tattoos of
dragons on their bodies.

And you wonder, why is it? What is the
attraction with dragons?

Well, for one thing, dragons symbolize
divine and heavenly power. But behind

that is the realization that the dragons
ultimately represent our origins.

They were the great civilizers. They
were the founders of civilization.

So by connecting ourselves with the
dragons, We're actually trying to tap

the original power of those divine
beings.

Could it be that traditions of dragons
found all over the world tell the story

of humankind's true origins?

Is it possible that our celebration of
these winged beasts is actually

commemorating ancient contact with
extraterrestrials?

Perhaps we will find the answer as we
send our own dragons into the sky,

and reconnect with our alien ancestors.