All language subtitles for Web.2013.1080p.Amazon.WEB-DL.DD2.0.H.264-QOQ

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I would argue to all
of you that

we are in a new turning point
of history

for our nation and the world.

♪

For the first time
in all human history

we have the opportunity
to bring people together

across the planet
in common cause for common good.

We live in an age
of interdependence.

But that can be good or bad.

It simply means that we cannot
escape each other.

Last year I read a book
that described the way

the world works in ways
better than I can.

The title of this book
is "Nonzero,"

the author is Robert Wright,
and if you haven't read it

I urge you to get it,
and read it.

♪

If you look at the progression
of human history there's

an experiment involving how
broadly can people collaborate,

to what extent can
different kinds of people

separated by great distance
get together and solve problems,

pursue common interests
without succumbing

to the darker side
of human nature

that might lead the planet
to dissolve into chaos.

♪

Gosh, you know, you look
at all of human history

and you have, you know,
a good like, 40,000 years

of just talking face-to-face
interaction, and then you get

the first writing, and then,
just a few thousand years later,

in the grand scheme of things
just a few thousand years,

right, you get the printing
press, and then 500 years

you get electronic communication
and then, you know,

now it just-- gosh,
every day there's probably

five or six new applications
that are of some significance.

At least once a year or maybe
once every other year

we get a big one, you know,
Twitter, Facebook, YouTube,

and it changes the way
everybody's connecting.

♪

You've gotta tell us
before we look at this video

what is an internet,
would you mind just, you know,

sharing that with us for the--
for the four or five people

that don't know what an internet
is would you tell us?

Uh, I don't believe we have
the time to go into that.

Okay, so, uh, this internet
thing gets its start

from an experiment
that was done in 1969

to design something called
the Advanced Research Projects

Agency Network.

The internet is defined
in different ways

by different people.

For me,
as an engineer,

it starts out being a set
of standards for communication,

that if you observe
those standards,

if you implement those
standards, then all kinds

of devices and networks
can be made to interwork.

So the internet was literally
that, a system for connecting

between networks, uh, supporting
inter-net transportation

of information.

♪

It is now possible,
in theory, to communicate

with every human being
on the planet.

One way of thinking about
the 21st century world

is exactly a world
that is ever more connected

through the internet.

But then if you're
disconnected, you are more

isolated than ever before.

Thank you, very much,
very happy to be here

and present a $100 laptop
that we have invented at MIT

and worked jointly
with a nonprofit

whose job will be to make these
and distribute them

to developing countries
around the world

on the basis of one laptop
per child,

and...thank you.

♪

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One Laptop Per Child
is about eliminating poverty

by providing primary education
to the poorest

and most remote kids
in the world.

And the way we achieve it
is by giving them

connected laptops, each one
that they own, they take home,

they use for school,
they use it for play,

they use it for everything
in their life seamlessly.

It's a window
to the rest of the world.

♪

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We're at a cusp in history
that has to do with

how you learn.

For the past 200 years
we've assumed

that the way you learn
is you go to school,

and that somebody teaches you,
and it's the first time

that learning can happen
without teaching.

That, sort of, cusp happened
because of computing,

because of the internet,
because of interactivity,

because of a lot of things.

And so you add that to the fact
that the world right now

is in a situation where as many
300, 400 million children

around the world aren't
getting any education,

they don't go to school,
and so you have to leverage

the children, you can't just
train more teachers

and build schools,
you've got to go back,

and say to yourself, well,
can the children be part of this

versus just the objects
of teaching.

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The idea is quite simple,
let a child learn mathematics

by speaking in mathematics
about things

that really matter to him.

So at MIT we've given computers
the power to turn motors,

to make sounds,
to draw pictures,

and we've found ways
of giving children

the power to control
the computer.

So that the child can make
the computer do anything

that he can describe
in a suitable

mathematical language by typing
on a keyboard like this.

The initial ideas came
in the late 1960s

and early '70s when a man
named Seymour Papert

made a very simple observation
and that was that children

learn differently when
they write computer programs

because the act of writing
a computer program

is the closest you can come
to thinking about thinking.

What produces involvement,
engagement,

what grabs the individual?

Education has very little
to do with explanation,

it has to do with engagement,
with falling in love

with the material.

Seymour Papert was a student
of Piaget's back

in the late '50s, early '60s,
and he got a--

this idea in his head
that computation's

a thing to think with.

♪

The simplest way I know
of to talk about learning

is you learn through doing.

So if you want more learning,
you want more doing.

It's really that simple.

What Seymour brought to this
was this idea of the children

constructing knowledge,
not just receiving knowledge,

having the computer be
a wonderful vehicle,

or catalyst, or haven
for that kind of construction.

And, uh, then for the next
40 years, uh, at MIT

we were exploring the space
and doing pilots.

With One Laptop Per Child,
we said, you know what, enough,

we can do pilot,
after pilot, after pilot

but now it's time to actually
get these ideas into the world.

So One Laptop Per Child
is all about how do you take

40 years worth of research
around technology and learning

and bring it to scale.

The telecommunications was
ready, the computers were ready,

the internet existed
quite widely spread,

and the time was right
in the beginning of 2005

to build a laptop that was
child centric, affordable,

connected, and something
that could be read in the sun,

and was very robust,
and that is the evolution.

♪

♪

Well, there've been a couple
of waves in human history

of globalization.

This is probably the third
or fourth wave of globalization,

and every time, uh,
it occurred, people thought

the world was becoming one.

I think this time it may
actually be happening.

Uh, the ease
of international travel,

the ease of international
communications,

and the ease
of international commerce,

uh, are much, much greater
than they were

20 years ago, 30 years ago.

And so we begin now to think,
really, as a global society,

which we didn't before.

♪

Almost everyone comes
to the conclusion

that whatever their time
is is a critical time

in human history, so I'm not
sure that I would buy

an absolute argument.

But I think it's fair to say
that we're at a tipping point

in terms of people's access
to computer-based information,

to computer-mediated
communication.

♪

With about a quarter
of the world's population

online in one form or another,
there is something fairly major

happening in, uh,
our information society,

if you like.

♪

There are an estimated
1.8 billion people online.

There are about
740 million in Asia,

250 million in North America,
450 million in Europe,

and the numbers get smaller
in other parts of the world.

The interesting thing
is that as we get

more and more of the population
up on the internet,

the avenues for interaction
will become much richer,

and here I am not capable
of predicting

what the outcome will be
when six billion people

are online, sharing their
knowledge with each other,

so I don't see this as being
a particularly distinct point

in human history, but I do
see this as an evolution,

an unfolding of our ways
of communicating

with each other.

♪

I think this is a critical time
in the history of humanity

because for the first time
people are

going to be coming together
from every corner of the world

and be able to engage in direct
conversation with each other.

I think it's really exciting
to think about having

amazing new cultural influences
and ideas flowing

all around the world
from different cultures.

In the next 5, 10,
15, 20 years,

the rest of the world
is gonna come online.

The next billion people,
the next two billion people

are going to come online,
and for the first time

we're going to be hearing
directly from people

we have not heard
from before.

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If we project any sort
of democratic world,

we have to assume that
education and learning

to think differently,
and that means learning

to learn how to think is going
to be an essential contribution,

maybe the essential
contribution to that.

The more people are capable
of rational, critical thinking,

the better the world will be.

The more they have access
to knowledge

about the rest of the world,
the better the world will be.

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It's always too tempting to say
we're at a critical time,

because then the numbers
of critical times

start to accumulate,
and you think

you're always
at a critical time.

But we're certainly at a point
when, I think, a lot of people

think that something
has gone amiss.

We're at a fundamental change
in the way we communicate,

and it's time to step back
and take stock and see

where things have gone right,
and where things

maybe haven't gone right.

♪

Just because we grew up
with the internet,

we think that the internet
is all grown up.

Which is not true.

The internet is
in very early days,

but we've had it long enough
to be able to say, you know,

What about the way
we now communicate

with each other
seems to be enhancing,

and what about the way
we now communicate

with each other seems to be
taking things away from us

that are nourishing?

Sunshine, our temperature
44 degrees, relative humidity

at 82 percent, wind out
of the west-southwest

at five to ten.

Again, it's 44 degrees,
high of 52 later today.

Here's what you need to know
about the bridges and tunnels.

15 minutes on the inbound
Holland tunnel,

about five to ten
on the--

The 2nd Avenue subway project
is not hazardous to your health,

that's according to
an air-quality study.

Using a cell phone
while driving in any form

should be banned.

That was the unanimous
recommendation today

of the National Transportation
Safety Board.

♪

Every place on the planet
is associated

with a latitude and longitude,
which also means that, like,

every person has a latitude
and longitude assigned to them

at a given moment,
every experience,

or every story,
or every little, you know,

nugget of information
discovered about a place

has a latitude and longitude.

People generally use Foursquare
to check into places,

and they're parks
and restaurants

and libraries and museums
and bars, and when people

check into places,
we use that to, you know,

broadcast your location,
"Hey, I'm here.

You know, if anyone's around,
come and find me."

And then from there,
it allows people to, you know,

to figure out like,
well, what's next.

Is there something interesting
nearby that I should know about?

It's like, let's build things
that leverage

all the interesting stuff that's
going on with social media,

to help people, you know,
put the screens away,

and go out and actually
and discover things

that they haven't
discovered before.

What's really the heart
of how the internet

is going to change everything
in the future,

is how things in the real world
change because people

are connected, and so,
Meetup is a simple idea,

which is, how do people
self-organize a local gathering

about anything, anywhere?

♪

I think the most powerful
and interesting form

of how community is going
to take shape

in the coming years
is how people

who have a common interest,
common passion, common need,

they have a common diagnosis,
whatever it is,

that, now that they can connect
and they can connect locally,

more easily, you're gonna have
communities emerge,

and there's no such thing,
I think, as a real--real,

sustainable community unless
people are seeing each other

face to face.

♪

A community, it's interesting.

I try not to let my students

use the word community in class,
because it's such

an evocative and descriptive
word that it actually allows

people who mean two
very different things,

to pretend that they're talking
about the same thing.

So, a community, if you look
and you know,

find some
dictionary definition,

there's about a dozen
different definitions

of community, all the way down
to, kind of,

Grover's Corners-style little
town, U.S.A., where everybody

knows everybody,
all the way up to

the community
of French speakers.

Very different.

The breakdown
of traditional community

happened in the past.

It is indeed the case
that a machine with a screen

was partly responsible
for eroding community,

but it wasn't a machine
with a keyboard, right,

the rise of television,
coupled with suburbanization,

and a bunch of other factors,
correlates really strongly

with the decay
in social capital.

One of the things, I think it
falls to our generation to do,

is to figure out how
to get that back

in a modern context.

We plainly never go back
to white-picket fences

and small-town life,
but we have things like Meetup,

we have things like Foursquare,
whose existence is predicated

on using these tools
to coordinate

real-world meetings,
not to replace them.

We know we're missing something
in this community.

If we can use these tools
to get some of that back,

we will.

I think what we
normally think of

as community is more like
the feeling of community,

a feeling of being connected,
and that's really what we need

in today's world, because we're
far beyond the time in which

you could sort of say,
"This is a community."

And you could have
defined boundaries to it,

and all the people
in this location

are a community.

We live in a network society
which has fuzzier boundaries,

if you can even talk
about boundaries,

so what we need is a feeling
of community that would allow us

to feel a sense of connection
to people around us.

That community connection
has to extend beyond

just connecting you
to people like you.

There's really no room
for growth of empathy

when you only connect
with people like you.

Empathy grows when you connect
with somebody totally different

from you, and experience a sense
of shared vulnerability

and love for that person.

♪

♪

Well, there they are,
our new electronic media,

or, our new gadgets.

You push a button,
the world's yours.

You know how they talk
about the world getting smaller?

Well, it's thanks to these
that it is.

Everywhere is now
our own neighborhood.

But not only is the world
getting smaller,

becoming more available
and more familiar,

to our minds
and to our emotions,

the world is now
a global village.

A global village.

With me now is Marshall McLuhan.

These new media powers
have made our world

into a single unit.

The world is now like
a continually sounding

tribal groan, where everybody
gets the message, all the time.

A princess gets married
in England,

and boom, boom, boom,
go the drums,

we all hear about it.

Why Marshall, do you use
the word "tribal"?

Well, I think you'll find
everything we observe tonight

about the media,
points in the direction

of tribal man and away
from individual man.

Involuntarily, we're getting
rid of individualism.

We're in the process
of making a tribe.

We are no longer so concerned
with self-definition,

with finding our own
individual way.

We're more concerned
with what the group knows,

of feeling as it does,
of acting with it,

not apart from it.

The history of civilization
in seven words is:

And what the internet does
is it allows

many, many more people
to pool many more

kinds of resources
in a wild variety

of new ways.

Because we can get
dynamic information

about the resources
you've got access to,

and the resources
I've got access to,

we can actually
share them better

than we used to be able to.

The techies got there first,
as so often happens, right.

Linus Torvalds pops up
in 1991, says he wants

to build an operating system.

Linus was the first person
to realize he could use

the entire world
as his talent pool,

and that, the opportunity
to, in an instant,

reach into that and get hold
of the collective imagination,

the collective wisdom,
the collective knowledge,

that kind of weaving together
of things, is moving

from, you know, we can build
an encyclopedia,

we can build
an operating system,

right, the famous,
the famously virtual examples,

it's moving into the real world.

♪

The interweaving
of mobile phones

and the internet, the fact
that they're no longer

separate networks,
but they're really now,

genuinely tied together
means that we have,

for the first time
in human history,

the majority of adults
on the planet

are part of a single,
connected grid.

There's a generation of people
who simply think,

"We can accomplish things
our elders didn't,

because we have tools
and networks and agreements

among ourselves to act
and behave in a different way."

Because of things
like Facebook and Twitter,

and even the software
that came before them,

there's millions of people,
hundreds of millions of people,

that are trained to use
this type of software now.

So, all the stars
kind of align,

and allow you to do things
that we just--

we've never been able
to do before.

♪

A large part of what is emerging
out of the Arab Spring,

is a new generation
who has grown up

with the technology
and the possibilities

that the technology creates
in a world

that is radically different
from their parents'.

What is clear is that
what's really driving

these revolutions
is not technology,

what's driving these revolutions
is the desire of millions

of people for change.

What's facilitating it
is the ease of the technology

and the speed
of the technology.

What a Facebook page does is,
at one glance, you realize,

"Oh, my god, there's
70,000 people, or,

700,000 people who feel
the same way I do.

So, maybe together,
we can do something."

That's again, why it is
a turning point

in human history.

This generation starts
from connections,

starts from the assumption
that you are

inextricably connected
to others,

and that changes
the way we think

about what is possible.

♪

The ability of the human race
to innovate,

to surprise each other
with things that are both

unexpected and practical,
things that can change the world

for the better, is going
to be increased,

because we can get more ideas
from more people,

crossing more wires
in more ways.

We've got bigger problems,
but we've also got

a bigger network
of potential solvers

of those problems,
and I'm hopeful

that we can use that network
to get those people

tuned into each other,
and thinking

on all of our behalves.

♪

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Yeah.

Okay, Bari.

Okay.

♪

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If this were 1845,
you would be making a movie

about the telegraph,
and you would be so excited

about this.

First of all, the signals
on the telegraph go as fast

as the speed
of light in a wire.

Now, do you know
how much faster that is

than a horse running,
or a train going?

You'd be saying, "Whoa,
we won't have wars anymore,

because people can
communicate instantaneously

with each other."

Now, we all know that,
subsequently, there were

major World Wars
that have happened,

and all kinds of other,
terrible things,

despite the fact that we have
increasing amounts

of communication
and connectivity.

So, there is no guarantee,
that just because

you can communicate,
that you will agree,

and the consequence of that
is sometimes tension,

disagreement, and conflict.

Technology does not solve
all problems.

In fact, it creates some,
the internet is now an avenue

for harm as well as good.

Disappointing as that is,
it's also a manifestation

of human nature.

♪

♪

♪ It's a lonely, it's a lonely,
it's a lonely ♪

♪

♪

Connectedness does risk
erasing difference,

in that the very exchange
of ideas and flow of cultures

can...overwhelm
cultural differences

that have taken millennia
to develop and again,

that are the diversity
that makes the world

so interesting.

There's a trend toward
homogeneity in societies.

And as you go
around the world,

cities are beginning
to look like each other.

You're finding the same
stores and the same restaurants

and the same products.

And people are doing more
of the same kinds of things.

Wherever you go
in the world,

the world is becoming
more similar.

♪

It's not very popular
to question why

we're holding
onto these things,

but we have to question it.

Because sometimes, you do that
in a very paternalistic way

where you say,
"Well, that culture

is something we shouldn't
disturb, because their identity

is so strong
and the fact that

they're poor,
and they're not learning,

and they don't have medicine,
it's better to leave it alone."

The world is changing.

The numbers of languages
are reducing,

and there will be a time
where we will be one race

speaking one language.

Maybe that'll take
1,000 years,

maybe it'll take
5,000 years,

maybe it'll take
500 years.

I don't know
what it's gonna take.

But that's where we're headed.

♪

The story of human history
has been the extinction

of indigenous traditions.

The capacity to preserve
the elements of the tradition

is richer than it's been.

There's no need
for any language

that exists now
to recede from human memory

ever again.

We can capture
them digitally.

But, there is the fact
that time and again

when indigenous people
have been faced with...

the modern world, they find
parts of it attractive.

The story of humanity
is the story

of cultural traditions
disappearing

by human choice,

by people abandoning
those traditions.

♪

♪

I no longer can speak
for One Laptop per Child,

I can only speak
for myself.

Our goal was to
give every child

an opportunity to learn.

And we had a means
to that goal,

which was a connected
laptop that every child

would have running
great software for learning.

So, we built a laptop,
and we started getting

it out into the world.

We're not there yet.

It's gonna take time,
and it's gonna take time

for the teachers
to become comfortable with this,

and it's gonna take time
for the curricular goals

to evolve so that they
make room for this,

and even though
there are deficiencies,

the vector's pointed
in the right direction.

♪

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♪

What is a friend?

What is a friend?

What is a friend?

Where do you
come up with these questions?

What is a friend?

Well...

you know, a friend is--

Used to be somebody
you knew really well.

A friend on Facebook
or a friend in reality?

It is funny
that I feel like

I have made friends
virtually with people

I've never met.

Well, a friend is,
first of all, very rare.

What we used
to call a friend

is now what we
would call a really good friend,

somebody you actually
kind of know.

Aristotle was the first,
I'm an academic,

so, I'm required
to take really simple questions

and answer them on absurdly
grandiose historical canvas,

but Aristotle,
he's one of the only

philosophers ever to take
on the concept of friendship

as a salient
human characteristic.

And in his telling,
someone that you had

such a deep association with
that you shared their life

and they shared yours
without other gain,

without also being
in business together,

without also being
romantically attached.

It goes from that
to a friend is someone

who I click the button
on Facebook that says,

"Will you friend this person?"

In that process,
the word "friend"

has become damaged
because it now stretches

to cover really all
kinds of connection.

♪

Does the number
of casual friends, right,

on the long tail of sort
of Facebook connectivity,

does that actually
reduce the number

and depth of our
closest friends?

I remember growing up
with a multi-party

telephone line
and no television.

I'm not nostalgic, necessarily,
for any of that,

and the reason is that
I feel that I am

far more connected
with a larger group of people

now than I ever
could've been in the past.

Hello.

Hello.

The tools that are
available to me

to maintain friendships,
to maintain family relationships

are infinitely more
varied and richer

than anything I had available
in the pre-internet age.

Hello, Isaac.

That's Michael.

Oh, he could see?

Yeah, that's what he sees
when he looks at his screen.

Hi, Michael.

I don't pine for the past
at all.

I'm very happy
to watch this internet

evolve and become
an even better tool for me

to stay connected
with the rest of the population.

You know, sometimes
when I kinda think

I have my iPhone with me,
then realize I don't,

you know, and I need
to check my e-mail,

I wanna check my e-mail,
the moment when I realize

I don't have it,
there's like a thing

in my gut, like,
this feeling of loss, you know?

You're like emotionally
attached to the device itself.

♪

I think it's gonna get
a lot worse.

I think you're gonna see
mainstream uses of people

just on their phones
all the time.

And the things that
they're disappearing to

aren't things that make
their real world experience

any better,
they're distractions.

As these technologies
pile up,

there's a way in which
you can see a future

in which things are even
more radically different.

I think there's a certain way
in which these connections

are becoming easier to make,
and it'll be even easier

in the future.

As these connections
become more automatic,

then, you know,
what happens to our sense

of real connection?

♪

♪

Currently, 68 percent
of the world's population

cannot get online.

That's about
five billion people.

In 2011,
a special repertoire

for the Human Rights Council
of the United Nations

released a report.

In it, he detailed
that access to the internet

is a vital part
of any society,

and every state should
make it a priority

to ensure all their
people are connected

to the internet.

My vision and my dream
is to ensure every person

has access to the internet
as a basic human right.

♪

Many people think
that the internet is the bits,

wires and protocols
that make it work.

It's your wireless
router in your living room.

It's your cell phone
in your pocket.

But that's not
what the internet is to me.

The internet is
this digital civilization

that lives on top of our brick
and mortar civilization

that we live in.

♪

For the first time,
it is theoretically possible

to communicate with
every human being on Earth

and to allow them
to communicate with each other

and to connect them
to the people

and to the knowledge
that they need

to make something
of their own lives.

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There are a lot of things
that happen as a result

of having the internet

that are basically
just silly, right?

Kittens on treadmills
on YouTube, right?

It amuses you
for lunch hour.

But it's not exactly
the stuff that civic revolutions

are made of.

And then when you look
back in history

at the printing press,
you see that the stuff

we take for granted now
took decades,

in some cases, centuries
to actually come into being.

The printing press
gets set up.

The first thing
we get, erotic novels.

Somebody's like,
"Hey, I know."

The scientific journals
took another 150 years

to get going.

When you look at things
like Ushahidi,

the crisis mapping service
that sort of takes

what a whole population
knows about a crisis

and turns it into
a map you can see and work with.

Or you look at
PatientsLikeMe

which is trying
to transform medicine

by making the patients
much more active participants.

You see that we have
a chance here

to take these tools
and their incredible flexibility

and their distracting
amounts of freedom

to create bits
of self-amusement

and not much more,
or we have the opportunity

to really figure out
ways that we can use

these tools to make
society better off.

People think the internet is
just a tool for communication.

It's how we get
in touch with one another.

It does that,
but it does so much more.

And it has impacts
in basically

every facet of life.

The internet is a tool
for innovation.

All of the world's knowledge
is catalogued,

categorized one
Google search away,

and education.

You can now go online
and go to Harvard

and watch Harvard lectures,
MIT lectures.

With Telehealth
and Telemedicine,

villagers can talk
to doctors via Skype.

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In disaster relief,
we're seeing how communications

is reinventing how
lives are saved.

We've watched how,
in the Middle East,

the internet gave
people a voice

that they never had before.

And not only were
the people in the Middle East

rallying for change,
the rest of the world

rallied with them.

♪

People's ability
to communicate shouldn't

be limited by imagined
cultural boundaries.

Every person that we
connect to the internet

becomes a co-creator
in our future.

They get to be part
of what happens next

on planet Earth.

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♪

For me, one of the most
exciting things

about the internet
is this ability

to recognize
the humanness of people,

the reality of people
and other cultures

and other languages.

So, I think we've really barely
scratched the surface

of what is possible
through collaboration.

If you think about it,
doing an encyclopedia

is one of the easiest things.

I see collaboration,

especially computer
mediated collaboration,

as an extremely
enabling tool

for the population
of the world,

and I hope what it'll do
is uncover voices and ideas

that might be invisible
otherwise.

When we or are grandchildren
look back and see

what we made of the internet
when we were the first people

to shape its place
in society,

the question they're
gonna ask is

did they use it
to change the world

for the better?

The greatest hope
of this technology

is that human beings
would be connected

to each other globally
in ways that allowed us

to realize our
common humanity.

That's the vision
that really imagines

that we could erase
so much conflict

that comes from
seeing ourselves one way

and others another way.

♪

Anything that enriches
our knowledge of the range

of human traditions,
I think enriches

our understanding
of ourselves.

The broader our database
of human experience,

the more clear
we can be

on kinda what are
the universals

of being human?

How broad is the menu

from which we can choose?

And to what extent
maybe has the menu shrunk

by virtue
of modern technology?

What have we lost?

We know what we've gained
with e-mail

and telephones
and whatever else

is characteristic
of modernization,

but what have we lost?

We've left behind
a way of life.

I don't know that
that's good or bad,

but it is.

The way we live
is different.

And as the information
revolution continues,

we may find that it
has very fundamentally

changed the nature
of global society

and what it is to be human.

Throughout all of history,
we have moved from isolation

to interdependence
to cooperation.

That's what's goin'
on here now.

People all over the world
are trying to figure out

how to hold on to their
religious, their ethnic,

their racial,
their tribal characteristics

that make them proud
and give them identity

without having to denigrate,
dehumanize somebody

who's different.

I believe the great mission
of the 21st century world

is to build up
the positive forces

of interdependence
and beat back the negative ones,

to move from mere
interdependence

to a global community.

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And there's whole worlds
of civilizations there

that we don't really
hear from all that often.

Should we wait
for that ringing to stop?

It's my phone.

That's brilliant.

Sorry.

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