All language subtitles for How Do Animals Do That S02 E16_track3_[eng]

♪♪

Narrator: ANIMALS...

DO THE MOST INCREDIBLE THINGS.

[ GOAT BLEATS ]

LIKE THIS...

AND THIS.

I BET YOU'RE WONDERING,
"HOW DO THEY DO THAT?"

WE'RE REVEALING ANIMALS'
BIGGEST SECRETS, LIKE...

HOW DO DOGS SNIFF OUT
UNDERWATER TARGETS?

HOW DO SLOTHS AVOID
PERMANENT HEADRUSH?

AND WHAT MAKES THESE BIG BIRDS
NATURE'S BEST MARATHON RUNNERS?

THESE WONDERS AND MORE.

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

SOME DOGS ARE
SO MUCH MORE THAN PETS.

THEY'RE HEROES.

SEARCH-AND-RESCUE DOGS SAVE
THOUSANDS OF LIVES EVERY YEAR.

WHETHER IT'S AN AVALANCHE,
DISASTER ZONE,

OR THE MIDDLE OF NOWHERE,
FIDO WILL FIND YOU.

BUT NOT ALL CANINE SEARCHERS
ARE ON LAND.

SOME DOGS CAN FIND YOU
EVEN IF YOU'RE UNDERWATER.

THERE ARE AROUND 80 MILLION DOGS
BOUNCING AROUND AMERICAN HOMES,

AND EVERY DOG HAS
A SUPERPOWER IN ITS NOSE.

THEIR SENSE OF SMELL CAN BE
100,000 TIMES

MORE POWERFUL THAN HUMANS',

AND SO POWERFUL SOME CAN EVEN
SMELL A TASTY CHICKEN SANDWICH

FROM TWO MILES AWAY.

THIS SUPER-SENSE COMBINED WITH
A TRAINABLE INTELLIGENCE

HAS GIVEN BIRTH TO A NEW BREED
OF RESCUE SUPERSTARS.

MEET INDY, A SEARCH-AND-RESCUE
DOG IN TRAINING.

Berry:
HE'S A PUPPY, AS YOU CAN SEE.

HE STILL LIKES TO PLAY A LOT,

BUT THERE'S SOMETHING
HE LOVES EVEN MORE,

AND THAT'S FINDING SCENT.

OH, GOOD BOY.
GOOD BOY.

Narrator: MARY HAS BEEN TRAINING
INDY FOR NEARLY TWO YEARS,

AND THIS CLEVER CANINE IS CLOSE
TO GRADUATING TOP OF HIS CLASS.

GOOD BOY!

BUT THE ULTIMATE TEST
IS YET TO COME --

FINDING SCENT UNDERWATER.

WE'RE GOING TO PUSH INDY'S NOSE

AND SCENTING ABILITY
TO THE LIMIT

BY PLACING THIS BOOT,

WHICH HAS HUMAN
DECOMPOSING ODOR IN IT,

AND WE'RE GOING TO
PUT IT IN THE LAKE

AND SEE IF HE CAN FIND IT.

Narrator:
TIME TO SUIT UP.

ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE LAKE,
NEARLY 1,500 FEET AWAY

AND COMPLETELY OUT
OF INDY'S SIGHT,

THE DIVE TEAM HEADS OUT
WITH THE BOOT

AND SINKS IT 15 FEET DOWN.

IT'S GO TIME.
LET'S GO.

GOOD BOY.

Narrator:
INDY'S NOSE IS OFF TO WORK.

MARY SYSTEMATICALLY
CRISS-CROSSES THE LAKE,

ALLOWING INDY
TO SMELL THE WHOLE AREA,

JUST AS HE WOULD DO
IN A REAL-LIFE SEARCH.

AND, INCREDIBLY, EVEN THOUGH
THE BOOT IS DEEP UNDER

THIS VAST, EXPANSIVE WATER,
THERE WILL BE A SCENT SOMEWHERE.

REALLY SMALL GAS BUBBLES
ARE BEING RELEASED

FROM THE SOURCE RIGHT NOW,

AND THAT'S WHAT THE DOG
IS DETECTING

WHEN IT COMES TO THE SURFACE.

Narrator: NO HUMAN COULD EVER
PICK UP THESE TINY BUBBLES.

IT'S LIKE TRYING TO SNIFF OUT
A PAIR OF SOCKS

IN AN AREA
THE SIZE OF MANHATTAN.

BUT INDY'S NOSE HAS A CHANCE
BECAUSE IT IS EQUIPPED

WITH INCREDIBLE
SCENT-HUNTING SKILLS.

HIS NOSE SPLITS THE FLOW OF AIR
INTO TWO SEPARATE STREAMS --

ONE FOR BREATHING,
AND ONE FOR SMELLING,

ALLOWING HIM TO FILTER OUT THE
MOST MINUTE AND DISTANT ODORS.

AND USING THIS SENSATIONAL
SMELLING SENSE,

INDY'S ONTO SOMETHING.

HIS TAIL IS WAGGING,
HE'S DOING SOME BARKING.

[ INDY WHINES ]

Narrator: BUT IT'S ONE THING
GETTING THE SCENT.

IT'S ANOTHER HOMING IN
ON A TARGET

THAT'S SOMEWHERE
15 FEET BELOW THE SURFACE.

SO HOW WILL INDY FIGURE OUT
WHERE THE ODOR IS?

♪♪

WELL, HIS NOSE HAS ANOTHER
SUPER-ABILITY.

EACH NOSTRIL CAN BE CONTROLLED
INDEPENDENTLY,

ALLOWING INDY TO DETECT
PRECISELY THE DIRECTION

THAT THE SMELL IS COMING FROM.

THIS MEANS HE CAN CREATE
A SCENT MAP,

LEADING HIM TO WHERE
THE SMELL IS STRONGEST

AND RIGHT TOWARDS HIS TARGET.

[ INDY BARKS ]

OH, YOU'VE GOT SOMETHING NOW.

GOOD BOY.

Narrator: INDY SHOWS
HIS FELLOW RESCUE TEAM

THE WAY TO STEER
BY MOVING AROUND THE BOAT,

POINTING THE WAY WITH HIS NOSE

AND BARKING TO TELL MARY
THEY'RE GETTING CLOSER.

IF HE'S CONFIDENT,
I'M CONFIDENT.

Narrator:
IT'S TAKEN 20 MINUTES,

AND INDY INDICATES THEY'RE
RIGHT ON TOP OF THE TARGET.

[ INDY BARKS ]

IT MUST BE RIGHT ON A JACKPOT

'CAUSE HE IS GOING NUTS IN HERE.

[ INDY BARKS AND WHINES ]

Narrator: INDY'S BARKING MEANS,
"BRING IN THE DIVE TEAM."

♪♪

GOOD JOB, INDY!

CONGRATULATIONS!
GOOD JOB!

WHAT A GOOD BOY!

WHOO-HOO!

YAY, INDY!

Narrator:
INCREDIBLE.

WATER IS NO BARRIER
TO THIS CANINE.

HE'S TRACKED DOWN
SCENT PARTICLES

WHICH TRAVEL FROM DEEP UNDER
THE WATER 15 FEET TO THE SURFACE

AND FOUND IT WITHIN
A 17-SQUARE-MILE LAKE.

GIVE THAT NOSE A CAPE
BECAUSE IT IS TRULY SUPER.

OR JUST GIVE INDY
HIS FAVORITE TOY.

HE'LL LIKE THAT BETTER.

[ INSECTS BUZZING ]

AS THE SUN GOES DOWN
ON A BALMY SUMMER'S EVENING,

ALL ACROSS ASIA AND AMERICA,
MILLIONS OF TINY ANIMALS

ARE PUTTING ON ONE OF
THE GREATEST SHOWS ON EARTH.

AS DAZZLING AS ANYTHING
ON BROADWAY,

THIS SPECTACULAR DISPLAY
IS COURTESY

OF SOME OF NATURE'S
BRIGHTEST STARS --

FIREFLIES.

THESE LEADING LIGHTS
OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

ALWAYS GET GLOWING REVIEWS.
BUT...

♪♪

DESPITE THE NAME,
FIREFLIES AREN'T FLIES,

AND THEY'RE NOT ON FIRE.

THEY'RE A TYPE OF BEETLE

THAT PRODUCES THE MOST EFFICIENT
LIGHT IN THE WORLD.

ORDINARY LIGHT BULBS LOSE 90%
OF THEIR ENERGY TO HEAT.

IF FIREFLIES CREATED
THIS KIND OF HEAT,

THEY WOULD SIMPLY
BURST INTO FLAMES.

BUT AS ALMOST 100%
OF THE CHEMICAL ENERGY

THEY EMIT IS LIGHT,

THESE BRIGHT SPARKS
CREATE LIGHT THAT IS COLD.

BRILLIANT!

INSIDE THEIR BODIES IS
A COMPOUND CALLED LUCIFERIN.

AS OXYGEN RUSHES
INTO A FIREFLY'S ABDOMEN,

IT REACTS WITH THE LUCIFERIN,
CREATING LIGHT WITHOUT HEAT.

A FIREFLY CAN VARY THE LENGTH
AND RHYTHM OF THE FLASH

BY OPENING AND CLOSING TUBES
CALLED TRACHEOLES

THAT LET OXYGEN
INTO ITS LIGHT-ORGAN.

SO WHY ALL THE FLASHING?

WELL, IT'S A TYPE
OF COMMUNICATION.

BUT THEY'RE NOT ENGAGING
IN LIGHT CONVERSATION.

THESE FIREFLIES ARE
LOOKING FOR LOVE.

THE MALES FLASH FIRST,
SAYING THEY'RE READY TO MATE.

THE FASTER THE FLASHING,

THE MORE ATTRACTIVE THEY ARE
TO A FEMALE WHO JUST MIGHT,

IF SHE'S INTERESTED,
GIVE HIM A FLASH BACK.

SHE'S SAYING,
"COME ON, BABY.

LIGHT MY FIRE...

FLY."

EACH SPECIES HAS ITS OWN
UNIQUE CODED FLASHING SYSTEM.

BUT MALES BEWARE --

THERE'S ONE WHOSE FEMALE USES
ITS TINY TORCH AS A TRAP.

THE PHOTURIS FIREFLY HAS LEARNED
TO MIMIC THE FLASHING DISPLAY

OF OTHER FIREFLY SPECIES
TO LURE IN AMOROUS MALES

AND THEN EAT THEM.

YES, IF YOU FALL FOR
THIS FIREFLY FEMME FATALE,

IT'S LIGHTS OUT.

MMM, A DINNER DATE.

HOW ROMANTIC.

[ OWL HOOTING ]

COMING UP --

A PREDATORY PELICAN PARTY...

HAIRY HANGERS...

AND A BIG-BIRD MARATHON.

Narrator:
ON THE PLAINS OF AFRICA,
THESE LIONS ARE EYEING UP

WHAT LOOKS LIKE
AN OVERSIZED TURKEY,

BUT THEY'LL HAVE A JOB
CATCHING THIS HANDSOME GUY.

OSTRICHES CAN'T FLY,
BUT THAT DOESN'T MATTER

BECAUSE THIS IS THE FASTEST
ANIMAL ON TWO LEGS,

WITH A TOP SPEED
OF 45 MILES AN HOUR.

AND THEY COMBINE THAT HIGH SPEED
WITH INCREDIBLE ENDURANCE.

WHEREAS LIONS CAN ONLY SPRINT
FOR A MATTER OF SECONDS,

OSTRICHES CAN RUN AND RUN
AND RUN

FOR MORE THAN HALF AN HOUR.

[ LION ROARS ]

LATERS, KITTY CAT.

TO REVEAL THE SECRET OF
OSTRICHES' INCREDIBLE ENDURANCE,

WE'VE COME TO CALIFORNIA'S
CENTRAL COAST TO OSTRICHLAND,

HOME TO 50 AMAZING OSTRICHES.

THEIR DAY JOB IS WOWING CROWDS

THAT FLOCK HERE
TO SEE THESE BIG BIRDS,

AND KEEPER BLAKE FOWLER KNOWS
THE STUFF THEY LOVE TO SHOW OFF

IS THEIR SPRINTING SKILLS.

OSTRICHES --
THEY JUST TRULY DO LOVE TO RUN.

THAT'S REALLY WHAT THEY LIKE.

Narrator: TO TEST HOW OSTRICHES
CAN COVER SO MUCH DISTANCE,

BLAKE IS SETTING UP
A HIGH-SPEED CAMERA

TO CAPTURE THEIR SPRINTING
SECRETS IN SLOW-MOTION...

Fowler: OKAY, GUYS.
LET'S DO IT.

Narrator:
...AND USING A QUAD-BIKE TO HERD

THE SPRINTING OSTRICHES
TOWARDS THE CAMERA.

♪♪

Fowler:
JUST FOLLOW ME AROUND THIS WAY.

Narrator:
WATCH THE BIRDIE.

GOTCHA!

THAT'S A GREAT SHOT.

MAN, THAT IS IMPRESSIVE.

Narrator:
LOOKING BACK AT THE FOOTAGE,

THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT
THE BIRD'S RUNNING

THAT IS OFF THE SCALE.

YOU CAN SEE HOW BIG
THAT STRIDE REALLY IS.

LOOK AT THE STRIDE.

THAT'S GNARLY.

GET THE TAPE MEASURE,
BLAKE.

LET'S SEE HOW BIG
THAT STRIDE IS.

WOW. I'M AT ABOUT
THREE METERS HERE.

THAT'S PRETTY IMPRESSIVE.

IT HAS BEEN COMPARED TO, LIKE,
THE LENGTH OF A CAR --

UP TO FOUR METERS.

Narrator:
THAT'S 13 FEET --

TWICE THE STRIDE
OF AN OLYMPIC SPRINTER.

WITH THOSE MEGA-STRIDES,
IT'S NO WONDER

THEY CAN COVER
VAST DISTANCES QUICKLY,

BUT WHAT'S PROVIDING
THE POWER BEHIND THOSE LEGS?

IT CAN'T BE MUSCLE.

LOOK AT HOW SKINNY THEY ARE.

WEIRDLY, STUDYING
THE LEG ANATOMY REVEALS

THAT ALTHOUGH IT LOOKS LIKE
A LEG,

IT'S ACTUALLY ONE
OF NATURE'S BIGGEST FEET.

Fowler:
IT'S REALLY QUITE AMAZING,

BUT WHAT'S ACTUALLY THEIR KNEE
IS THEIR ANKLE.

Narrator: COMPARED TO US,
THE OSTRICH KNEE IS MUCH HIGHER,

AND BELOW IS ALL FOOT.

THE BACKWARDS-BENDING JOINT IS
AN ANKLE, HIGH OFF THE GROUND.

AND WHAT LOOKS LIKE AN ANKLE
IS AN OSTRICH TOE JOINT.

SO HOW CAN OVERSIZED FEET
TURN A BIRD

INTO A STRIDING SUPERSTAR?

WELL, INSIDE THOSE MASSIVE FEET,
INSTEAD OF MUSCLE

ARE ENORMOUS TENDONS.

TENDONS ARE STRETCHY FIBERS
THAT ATTACH MUSCLES TO BONES.

IN OSTRICH FEET, THESE TENDONS
ARE TWICE AS ELASTIC AS OUR OWN,

AND THEY ARE MASSIVE.

THEY ACT LIKE
ENORMOUS RUBBER BANDS,

STORING ELASTIC ENERGY

AND THEN RELEASING IT
TO GIVE OSTRICHES

A LITERAL SPRING IN THEIR STEP.

BOTH FEET OFF THE GROUND
AT THE SAME TIME.

IT'S LIKE THEY'RE FLYING.

Narrator:
AND BECAUSE TENDONS CREATE
THEIR OWN ELASTIC ENERGY,

THEY DON'T NEED AS MUCH ENERGY
FROM THE BODY AS MUSCLES DO,

WHICH MAKES THEM
EXTREMELY EFFICIENT.

IT'S THE SAME REASON THAT
JUMPING HIGH ON YOUR OWN

OVER AND OVER IS EXHAUSTING,

BUT ADD THE HELP
OF A SPRINGED POGO STICK,

AND YOU CAN JUMP
HIGHER AND LONGER

WITHOUT GETTING TIRED.

IN FACT, THE BIRD'S BOUNCING,
BOUNDING STRIDES ARE SO POWERFUL

THAT AN OSTRICH COULD RUN
AN ENTIRE 26-MILE MARATHON

IN JUST 40 MINUTES USING HALF
THE CALORIES A HUMAN WOULD.

WOW!

Fowler:
IT'S JUST SO EFFORTLESS.

THEY'RE REALLY
TWICE AS EFFICIENT

WHEN IT COMES TO RUNNING.

[ BIRDS CHIRPING ]

Narrator:
COMING UP --

THE SECRET TO LIFE UPSIDE DOWN,

AND HOW THERE'S NO ESCAPE
FROM THE PELICAN PACK.

♪♪

Narrator:
NOTHING HANGS OUT LIKE A SLOTH.

IT SPENDS 90% OF ITS LIFE
DANGLING UPSIDE DOWN FROM TREES.

IF WE DID THAT,
WE'D GET SERIOUS HEADRUSH,

BREATHLESSNESS,
AND MUSCLE ACHE.

SOMEHOW, THESE GUYS DO IT
ALL DAY, EVERY DAY

WITH A SMILE.

INCREDIBLY CUTE
AND FAMOUSLY LAZY,

SLOTHS HAVE A TOP SPEED OF
AROUND 1/10 OF A MILE AN HOUR.

THAT'S SLIGHTLY FASTER
THAN A LITERAL SNAIL'S PACE.

WHEN THEY ARE AWAKE,
THEY SPEND THEIR TIME

EATING FRUIT OR LEAVES

AND REARING THEIR YOUNG.

BUT THERE'S NOT MUCH OF THAT
BECAUSE THEY CAN SLEEP

UP TO 20 HOURS A DAY,

AND THEY DO ALL THIS
HANGING UPSIDE DOWN IN TREES.

IN FACT, THE ONLY THING
SLOTHS STOP HANGING FOR

IS...TO GO TO THE TOILET.

AND THEY ONLY DO THAT
ONCE A WEEK.

TO FIND OUT HOW SLOTHS
HANG FOR DAYS ON END,

WE'VE COME TO CINCINNATI ZOO

TO SEE A PARTICULARLY
ADORABLE SLOTH.

Messerly: THIS IS MO,
WHICH IS SHORT FOR "SLOW-MO",

WHO IS OUR TWO-TOED SLOTH
HERE AT THE ZOO.

Narrator:
MO'S KEEPER, MAURA,

HAS BEEN HANGING OUT WITH HIM
FOR FIVE YEARS,

BUT CAN'T HANG LIKE THIS
FOR LONG.

I'VE BEEN HANGING IN THIS
POSITION LESS THAN A MINUTE,

AND MY ARMS
ARE ALREADY GETTING TIRED.

Narrator: BUT MAURA'S FIRST
REAL PROBLEM IS HEADRUSH,

AS GRAVITY DRAGS BLOOD
TOWARDS HER BRAIN.

SLOTHS DON'T HAVE THAT PROBLEM

BECAUSE MANY HAVE
UNIQUE VERTEBRA.

MORE BONES IN THEIR NECK

ALLOWS THEM TO ROTATE
THEIR HAPPY HEAD 270 DEGREES.

THIS HEAD ROTATION LETS SLOTHS

COMFORTABLY KEEP THEIR BRAINS
LEVEL WITH THEIR HEART

AND THEIR BLOODFLOW STEADY,

WHATEVER POSITION
THEY'RE HANGING IN.

SO THAT EXPLAINS
WHY NO HEADRUSH,

BUT HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN
THE REST OF HIS ORGANS

COMFORTABLY HANGING THIS WAY?

HUMANS CAN'T DO IT.

ALL OF OUR INTERNAL ORGANS
WOULD BE OUT OF PLACE,

AND THEY WOULD BE
PRESSING ON OUR LUNGS,

WHICH WOULD MAKE IT
REALLY HARD TO BREATHE.

Narrator: FOR SLOTHS,
MORE BIOLOGICAL BRILLIANCE

MEANS THEY CAN BREATHE EASY.

THEY HAVE SPECIAL
FIBROUS MEMBRANES

THAT ANCHOR THE LIVER
AND STOMACH TO THE RIBS.

SO, JUST LIKE THE SLOTH FROM
THE TREE, THE ORGANS ALSO HANG,

AND THIS KEEPS THE ORGANS
FROM CRUSHING THE LUNGS.

BUT HOW DO SLOTHS HOLD ON
FOR SO LONG

WITHOUT GETTING EXHAUSTED?

SURPRISINGLY, ALTHOUGH MO'S NOT
BUILT LIKE A WEIGHTLIFTER,

HE USES MUSCLE-POWER.

PART OF THE SECRETS
TO A SLOTH'S SUCCESS

IS THAT THEY ARE PACKED FULL
OF SLOW-TWITCH MUSCLES.

Narrator: SLOW-TWITCH MUSCLES
ARE MUSCLE FIBERS

THAT USE SMALL AMOUNTS OF ENERGY
AND HAVE INCREDIBLE STAMINA.

MOST ANIMALS HAVE A MIX
OF THESE SLOW-TWITCH MUSCLES

FOR ENDURANCE AND FAST-TWITCH
MUSCLES FOR BURSTS OF SPEED.

BECAUSE SLOTH MUSCLES
ARE NEARLY ALL SLOW-TWITCH,

THEY ARE EXTREMELY SLOW,

BUT CAN HANG AND HANG
WITHOUT MUSCLE ACHE.

THEY'RE COMFORTABLE
TO SUPPORT THEMSELVES

FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME
AND EVEN SLEEP UPSIDE DOWN.

Narrator: IT'S AN INCREDIBLE
HANGING TECHNIQUE

THAT ALLOWS MO
AND ALL OTHER SLOTHS

TO HANG OUT ALL DAY, EVERY DAY.

[ FROG CROAKING ]

COMING UP,
PREDATORY PELICANS GO HUNTING.

Narrator: BY HUNTING IN A PACK,
ANIMALS CAN CATCH MORE FOOD

THAN THEY COULD
EVER CATCH ALONE.

WILD DOGS AND KILLER WHALES
ARE EXPERTS AT HUNTING TOGETHER,

AND SO ARE PELICANS?

YES. PELICANS ARE ONE OF
THE ONLY BIRDS IN NATURE

THAT STALK PREY AS ONE --

BIRDS OF A FEATHER
HUNTING TOGETHER.

THERE ARE SEVEN SPECIES
OF THE BIG-BILLED PELICAN,

AND THE GREATEST PACK HUNTER
IS THE WHITE PELICAN.

THESE GIANTS STAND
AT NEARLY 6 FEET TALL,

WITH A 10-FOOT WINGSPAN.

AND IN LAKES ACROSS
NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA,

THEY FLOCK IN THEIR THOUSANDS.

ONLY BY WORKING AS A PACK
CAN THEY ALL SURVIVE.

THE HUNT BEGINS WITH DOZENS
OF BIRDS FLOCKING TOGETHER,

AND WHEN THEY FIND
A SHOAL OF FISH,

THEY FORM A FEARSOME,
FEATHERY WALL IN THE WATER.

BUT IT'S WHAT HAPPENS
BENEATH THE WATER

THAT IS PURE PELICAN GENIUS.

THE BIRDS BEAT THEIR WINGS ON
THE SURFACE AND KICK UNDER IT,

SCARING FISH THAT SWIM IN THE
OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO ESCAPE.

WHAT THE FISH DON'T KNOW IS
THE CLEVER PELICANS

ARE HERDING THEM INTO A TRAP.

THE BIRDS PUSH THEIR PREY
INTO THE SHALLOWS,

WHERE THE FISH ARE CLOSER
TO THE SURFACE,

THEN SURROUND THE FISH,

CORRALLING THEM INTO A SMALLER
AND SMALLER SPACE.

AND FINALLY, WHEN THE FISH
HAVE NO CHANCE OF ESCAPE,

IT'S DINNERTIME.

WITH THEIR FOOT-LONG,
EXPANDABLE, NET-LIKE BILL,

THEY CAN SCOOP UP THREE GALLONS
OF WATER AT ONCE,

AND WITH IT, SEVERAL FISH.

IT'S LIKE CATCHING FISH
IN A BARREL.

ALL FOR ONE, AND FISH FOR ALL.