All language subtitles for How Do Animals Do That S02 E12_track3_[eng]

Narrator:
ANIMALS...

DO THE MOST
INCREDIBLE THINGS.

[ GOAT BLEATS ]

LIKE THIS...

AND THIS.

I BET YOU'RE WONDERING,
"HOW DO THEY DO THAT?"

WE'RE REVEALING ANIMALS'
BIGGEST SECRETS, LIKE...

HOW DO HUMPBACK
WHALES FLY?

WHAT'S BEHIND
THE DOGGY HEAD TILT?

AND WHY ON EARTH
DO ANIMALS SWARM?

THESE WONDERS
AND MORE ON...

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

SOMETIMES,
DOGS JUST MELT YOUR HEART --

LIKE WHEN THEY DO THIS...

OR THAT...

OKAY, NOT THAT.

THAT'S MORE LIKE IT --
THE CLASSIC HEAD TILT.

BUT HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED
WHAT IT ACTUALLY MEANS?

WHAT ARE THOSE EXPECTANT
EYES AND EARS REALLY SAYING?

"WALKIES"?

"FEED ME"?

"I LOVE YOU"?

BUT REALLY...

THERE ARE 90 MILLION DOGS
IN THE U.S.,

FROM TINY CHIHUAHUAS
TO HUGE MASTIFFS.

FOR MILLENNIA,
THESE FAITHFUL FRIENDS

HAVE LISTENED TO US
YABBERING ON AT THEM.

AND LOOK WHAT HAPPENS
WHEN WE DO.

RESEARCH INDICATES
THAT THE HEAD TILT

COULD BE A RESPONSE
TO SOUND.

DOGS HAVE
VERY SENSITIVE EARS.

THEY CAN EVEN
HEAR THIS.

I BET YOU DIDN'T CATCH THAT,
DID YOU?

THAT'S BECAUSE DOGS
CAN HEAR THINGS

FROM FOUR TIMES FARTHER AWAY
THAN WE CAN.

BUT UNLIKE HUMANS,
THEIR EARS ARE DIRECTIONAL.

SO, THEY HAVE TO TURN THEIR HEAD
TOWARDS THE SOUND.

BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE SOUND
IS RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM,

LIKE WHEN WE
TALK TO THEM?

IT'S BELIEVED THAT DOGS
ARE HARD-WIRED

TO TURN THEIR HEADS
TOWARDS A SOUND.

SO,
EVEN WHEN THE NOISE

IS COMING FROM
RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM,

THEY CAN'T HELP
GIVING A LITTLE TILT.

IT COULD EVEN BE A DOG WAY
OF LETTING US KNOW

THEY'RE LISTENING,

MUCH LIKE THE WAY WE NOD
DURING A CONVERSATION.

BUT NEW RESEARCH REVEALS
ANOTHER FASCINATING POSSIBILITY.

ALTHOUGH DOGS DON'T KNOW
EXACTLY WHAT WE'RE SAYING,

THEY ARE VERY GOOD AT
WORKING OUT HOW WE'RE FEELING.

AND ONE OF THE WAYS THEY DO THAT
IS BY LOOKING AT OUR MOUTHS.

SHE'S HAPPY.
COOL.

NOW, SHE'S IRRITATED.

OH, DEAR.

IT'S BELIEVED THAT THIS COULD BE
CONNECTED TO THE HEAD TILTING.

THINK ABOUT IT.

DOGS WITH BIG MUZZLES,

WHAT THE BIOLOGISTS CALL
"DOLICHOCEPHALIC" BREEDS,

HAVE A NOSE THAT OBSTRUCTS
THE LOWER HALF OF THEIR VISION.

SO, TO GET AN UNOBSTRUCTED VIEW
OF OUR MOUTH,

THE DOG TILTS ITS HEAD.

OH, THAT'S BETTER.

A RECENT SURVEY
OF DOG OWNERS SUGGESTS

THAT UP TO 71%
OF LONG-MUZZLED BREEDS

TILTED THEIR HEADS
WHEN SPOKEN TO,

AS OPPOSED TO JUST 52%
OF FLATTER-NOSED BREEDS.

SO, BY TILTING THEIR HEADS,
DOGS ARE DOING

WHAT ALL BEST FRIENDS
SHOULD DO --

CONCENTRATING ON
HOW YOU'RE FEELING.

I'M DOING FINE,
THANK YOU.

HOW ARE YOU?

HUMPBACK WHALES
ARE MASSIVE.

THE BIGGEST ON RECORD BROKE THE
SCALES AT A STAGGERING 99 TONS,

A WHOPPING 10 TIMES HEAVIER
THAN A KILLER WHALE,

AND ALMOST DOUBLE THE WEIGHT
OF A SPERM WHALE.

BUT DESPITE WEIGHING
AS MUCH AS FOUR SCHOOL BUSSES,

HUMPBACKS ARE THE MASTER
ACROBATS OF THE OCEAN.

THESE ASTONISHING GIANTS
CAN DO THIS...

IN CALIFORNIA'S
MONTEREY BAY,

IT'S A SPECIAL DAY
FOR HUMPBACK-WHALE EXPERT

NANCY BLACK.

Black: THE HUMPBACK WHALES --
THEY'VE BEEN FEEDING

REALLY CLOSE TO THE BEACH
ON BIG,

MASSIVE SCHOOLS
OF ANCHOVIES.

Narrator:
5 MILES SOUTH OF THE BAY,
A MULTI-MILLION-STRONG SHOAL

OF 7-INCH ANCHOVIES HAS
ATTRACTED A HOST OF PREDATORS.

NANCY'S HOPING THE HUMPBACKS
WILL SOON BE HERE

TO GET IN ON THE FEAST.

JUST GOT TO THIS AREA.

IT LOOKS REALLY
INTERESTING,

BECAUSE THERE'S ABOUT
200 SEA LIONS,

AND THERE'S ALL THESE BIRDS
DIVING DOWN,

THERE'S PELICANS
PLUNGE-DIVING.

A LOCAL WHALE-WATCHING BOAT
IS ALSO HOPING TO CATCH

ONE OF NATURE'S
MOST AMAZING SPECTACLES.

[ CROWD MURMURING ]

OH, BIG LUNGE RIGHT THERE.

Narrator: A GROUP OF HUMPBACKS,
SOME WEIGHING AROUND 50 TONS,

LEAPING UP TO THREE STORIES
INTO THE AIR.

IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE
THIS ASTONISHING FEAT,

THESE GOLIATHS
MUST BREAK THE SURFACE

AT MORE THAN
18 MILES AN HOUR.

FOR THIS BULK
TO REACH THAT SPEED,

SCIENTISTS
WERE PRETTY SURE

THE WHALES WOULD NEED
A LONG RUN-UP.

BUT NANCY HAS SEEN SOMETHING
NO ONE COULD HAVE EXPECTED.

Black: MOST PEOPLE THOUGHT THAT,
YOU KNOW, WHALES HAVE TO DIVE

MAYBE A HUNDRED FEET
BEFORE THEY, YOU KNOW, COME UP.

BUT IT'S LIKE, NO, THEY DON'T
EVEN NEED TO GO DOWN THAT DEEP.

MAYBE 20 FEET.

Narrator:
FROM JUST 20 FEET DOWN,

THE HUMPBACK ACHIEVES
INCREDIBLE ACCELERATION.

PUMP, PUMP, PUMP,
AND THEN UP.

Narrator:
SO, HOW DO THEY DO IT?

THE SECRET IS A HUGE,
15-FOOT-LONG MUSCLE

CALLED A "PEDUNCLE"

THAT STRETCHES
ALONG THE HUMPBACK'S TAIL.

WEIGHING MORE THAN A HORSE,

THE PEDUNCLE IS THE STRONGEST
MUSCLE IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.

IT CAN GENERATE AS MUCH THRUST
AS A 747 DURING TAKEOFF.

[ CROWD CHEERING ]

AND THE WHALE HAS ANOTHER SECRET
BEHIND ITS SPEED.

JUST BEFORE TAKEOFF, IT FLAPS
ITS FLIPPERS LIKE A BIRD.

AND THESE ARE NO
ORDINARY FLIPPERS.

EACH ONE IS 15 FEET LONG,
AND BUMPY ON THE EDGES,

LIKE A TWO-SIDED
SERRATED KNIFE.

SCIENTISTS NOW KNOW THESE BUMPS
REDUCE WATER TURBULENCE

TO GIVE EXTRA
LIFT AND POWER.

IN FACT,
THE BUMPS ARE ATTRACTING

THE ATTENTION
OF FLIGHT ENGINEERS.

THE EFFICIENCY
OF A HUMPBACK'S FLIPPERS

COULD HELP AIRPLANE WINGS
PROVIDE MORE LIFT AND LESS DRAG.

WHILE SCIENTISTS THINK THEY KNOW
THE MECHANICS OF THE LEAP,

NO ONE IS REALLY SURE
WHY THE WHALES DO IT.

BUT NANCY THINKS IT'S
GOT SOMETHING TO DO

WITH HOW THEY FEED.

LOOK AT THIS -- A SYNCHRONIZED
ATTACK ON A SHOAL OF FISH.

SOMEHOW, THEY'VE LEARNED TO, YOU
KNOW, COORDINATE THIS BEHAVIOR.

Narrator:
TO WORK TOGETHER IN AN ATTACK,

THEY NEED TO TELL EACH OTHER
WHERE THEY ARE.

IT'S THOUGHT THEY DO THIS

BY SLAPPING
THE SURFACE OF THE WATER.

BUT WHEN THEY'RE FAR APART,
OR WHEN THE SEA IS ROUGH,

NANCY BELIEVES
THEY NEED SOMETHING LOUDER.

Black:
SOMETIMES, I'VE NOTICED, THEY
BREACH MORE WHEN IT'S WINDY OUT.

THAT COULD BE, YOU KNOW,
THE SOUNDS THAT THE BREACH

IS MAKING IS COMMUNICATION
ABOVE THE WAVES.

Narrator: IF NANCY'S RIGHT,
THEN THIS COULD BE PROOF

THAT THE INTELLIGENCE
OF THESE CREATURES

FAR EXCEEDS ANYTHING THAT WE'VE
PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT POSSIBLE.

NANCY'S EVEN PICKED UP
ON ANOTHER INDICATION

OF THEIR SMARTS --
A SENSE OF HUMOR.

SOMETIMES, IT SEEMS LIKE THEY'RE
DOING IT AS A SHOW-OFF TO US,

BECAUSE THEY'RE REALLY COMING
OVER TO THE BOAT, BREACHING...

...AND THEN, YOU KNOW,
SWIM AWAY.

Narrator: SO, OCCASIONALLY,
MAYBE THEIR BIG SPLASH

IS JUST THE HUMPBACKS
HAVING A WHALE OF A TIME.

COMING UP...

A TARANTULA'S
OUT-OF-BODY EXPERIENCE,

THE WORD'S COOLEST SWARMS, AND
THE SECRET BEHIND HIPPOS' SWEAT.

Narrator: EVERY SO OFTEN,
ALL SPIDERS DO SOMETHING

BOTH WEIRD
AND EXTRAORDINARY.

OH, NO.
THERE SHE GOES AGAIN.

THEY CLIMB OUT
OF THEIR OWN BODY.

IT'S AN INCREDIBLE
TRANSFORMATION.

BUT...

SPIDERS EAT 600 MILLION TONS
OF INSECTS A YEAR.

WITHOUT THEM, WE'D BE OVERRUN
BY CREEPY-CRAWLIES.

SO, ALTHOUGH THIS CHAP
LOOKS FEARSOME,

HE'S REALLY OUR FRIEND.

TARANTULAS LIKE THIS
WILL NEVER ATTACK A HUMAN,

BUT MAY SHOW THEIR FANGS
WHEN CORNERED.

AND IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT
THAT HE DOES BITE,

IT'S NO WORSE
THAN A WASP'S STING.

THE TRUTH IS,
TARANTULAS ARE PRETTY DOCILE,

WHICH IS WHY THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
KEEP THEM AS PETS.

SO, IT'S NOT SURPRISING
OWNERS GET UPSET

WHEN ITSY-BITSY TAKES A TURN
FOR THE WORSE AND ROLLS OVER.

ARACHNID EXPERT KELLI WALKER
FROM CINCINNATI ZOO

HAS SEEN THIS BEHAVIOR
MANY TIMES.

IT'S NOT DEAD.

THAT'S ACTUALLY A COMMON THING
THAT PEOPLE THINK

WHEN THEY SEE A SPIDER
ROLLING OVER ONTO ITS BACK.

Narrator: THE CAUSE IS A PROBLEM
ITSY HAS WITH HER SKIN.

EVEN THOUGH HER INSIDES
ARE GROWING,

HER HARD,
OUTER SHELL ISN'T.

IT'S MADE OF CHITIN,

THE SAME STUFF
THAT GOES INTO INSECTS' WINGS.

THIS REMARKABLE
LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIAL

PROVIDES
ESSENTIAL PROTECTION,

BUT JUST LIKE A SUIT OF ARMOR,
IT WON'T STRETCH.

SO, IN ORDER FOR HER AND OTHER
TARANTULA SPECIES TO GET BIGGER,

THEY ACTUALLY HAVE TO SHED THAT
OUTER LAYER, THAT EXOSKELETON,

WHICH CAN BE A VERY
STRENUOUS PROCESS FOR THEM.

ROUGHLY ONCE A YEAR,

AND EVEN MORE
FOR FAST-GROWING YOUNGSTERS,

OUR HAIRY, EIGHT-LEGGED FRIEND
HAS TO PUT HER LIFE ON THE LINE

AND CLIMB OUT
OF HER OWN SKIN.

WHILE ON HER BACK,
SHE'S A SITTING TARGET

FOR HER MANY PREDATORS.

TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE.

FIRST, A GOOEY LAYER
OF SECRETION

STARTS TO SEPARATE
THE OLD, OUTER SKIN

FROM ITS NEW SKIN
UNDERNEATH.

THEN, THE SPIDER
CLENCHES ITS ABDOMEN,

FORCING THE GOOEY LIQUID
FROM HER TAIL TO HER HEAD.

THE MORE THE SPIDER CLENCHES,
THE MORE THE PRESSURE BUILDS,

UNTIL THE CHITIN ARMOR CRACKS
AT THE BACK OF HER HEAD.

NOW, ITSY HAS TO CLIMB
OUT OF HER HARD SHELL.

MANY TARANTULAS
GET STUCK AT THIS POINT,

AND END UP BEING EATEN
OR STARVING TO DEATH.

COME ON, GIRL.

YOU CAN DO IT.

IT TAKES UP TO 12 HOURS FOR THIS
PLUCKY ARACHNID TO BREAK FREE.

BUT SHE'S STILL
IN GREAT DANGER.

THE SHINY, NEW EXOSKELETON
WHICH COVERS HER ENTIRE BODY

IS AS SOFT AS PUTTY,

AND HER NEW CHITIN FANGS

ARE TOO FLIMSY
TO PUNCTURE FLESH.

YOU CAN ACTUALLY SEE,
AFTER THEY MOLT,

THAT THEIR FANGS
ARE STILL WHITE,

WHICH MEANS
THEY HAVEN'T HARDENED YET.

SO, THEY'RE ACTUALLY
UNABLE TO EAT.

IT WILL TAKE A WEEK FOR
THE SKIN AND FANGS TO HARDEN.

ONLY THEN WILL OUR GORGEOUS
ARACHNID BE BACK IN THE GAME,

BUSY SAVING US
FROM BUG ARMAGEDDON.

AND LOOK, SHE'S LEFT
A BEAUTIFUL PRESENT.

MIGHT JUST POP THAT UNDER
ONE OF THE KIDS' PILLOWS,

SEE HOW THEY LIKE IT.

COMING UP...

THE REAL STORY
BEHIND NATURE'S SWARMS

AND A HIPPO'S
STRANGE SWEAT.

Narrator:
ACROSS THE WORLD, ANIMALS ARE
GANGING UP IN THE MILLIONS,

BILLIONS,
AND EVEN TRILLIONS.

THESE COLOSSAL SWARMS TRULY ARE
ONE OF NATURE'S WONDERS.

SWARMS TEND TO GET
A BAD PRESS.

BUT YOU KNOW WHAT?

THEY CAN BE BEAUTIFUL.

WE'RE IN MEXICO,

AND THESE MAJESTIC CREATURES
ARE MONARCH BUTTERFLIES.

MILLIONS UPON MILLIONS
OF MONARCHS

GATHER FOR THE LONGEST MIGRATION
OF ANY INSECT ON THE PLANET.

WITH WINTER COMING,
THEY UNDERTAKE

AN EPIC 3,000-MILE LONG HAUL,
FROM THE U.S.

TO THE RELATIVE WARMTH
OF MEXICO.

ALONG THE WAY, THEY ROOST
TOGETHER TO RETAIN HEAT.

AH.

WHILE BUTTERFLIES
SWARM FOR WARMTH,

OTHERS SWARM FOR LOVE.

IMAGINE THE SCENE --
A BEAUTIFUL TROPICAL ISLAND,

A ROMANTIC BEACH,
AND 45 MILLION RED CRABS.

THESE FOREST-DWELLING TREE CRABS
ON CHRISTMAS ISLAND

ARE ON AN AMOROUS DASH
TO THE SEA.

HERE, BENEATH THE SILVER LIGHT
OF THE LAST QUARTER OF THE MOON,

THE MOMMY AND DADDY CRABS GIVE
EACH OTHER A WISTFUL LOOK BEFORE

FERTILIZING BILLIONS OF EGGS AND
SHAKING THEM OUT INTO THE WATER.

YET, INCREDIBLY, THIS IS NOT THE
BIGGEST SWARM OF CRUSTACEANS.

THAT HAPPENS
ONE MONTH LATER,

WHEN THE SHORELINE IS COVERED IN
A RED CARPET OF TINY CRABS.

A BILLION OR SO BABIES
HAVE COME HOME TO JOIN

MOM AND DAD
BACK IN THE FOREST.

LET'S HOPE THEY'VE
PAINTED THE NURSERY.

BUT ONE ANIMAL REALLY HAS TAKEN
SWARMING TO THE NEXT LEVEL.

ACROSS THE ARID DESERTS
OF AFRICA AND INDIA,

FARMERS ARE PRAYING
FOR RAIN.

BUT IF TOO MUCH FALLS,

IT CREATES
THE PERFECT CONDITIONS

FOR A PLAGUE OF LOCUSTS.

LOCUSTS ARE JUST GRASSHOPPERS,
BUT WITH SUPERPOWERS.

WHEN FOOD BECOMES ABUNDANT,
SO DO THEY.

THEY CHANGE FROM GREEN TO BROWN,
BECOME MORE MUSCULAR, MATE MORE,

AND EAT MORE --
MUCH MORE.

EACH LOCUST EATS ITS OWN WEIGHT
IN PLANTS EVERY DAY.

WHEN THEIR NUMBERS
REACH BIBLICAL PROPORTIONS,

THE DEVASTATION
IS BREATHTAKING.

IN THE U.S.
IN 1875,

AN ESTIMATED 3 TRILLION
ROCKY MOUNTAIN LOCUSTS

SWARMED OVER THE MIDWEST,

COVERING AN AREA
TWICE THE SIZE OF COLORADO.

IF IT HAPPENED AGAIN TODAY,
THE CONSEQUENCES

FOR THE NATION'S BREADBASKET
WOULD BE UNIMAGINABLE.

BUT LUCKILY, NO ONE HAS SEEN
A ROCKY MOUNTAIN LOCUST

IN OVER 100 YEARS,

SO THEY'RE THOUGHT
TO BE EXTINCT.

PHEW.

COMING UP...

DO HIPPOS
REALLY SWEAT BLOOD?

HIPPOS ARE ONE OF
THOSE CREATURES

YOU SHOULD NEVER
INVITE OVER FOR DINNER.

THEY'RE NOT AT ALL FRIENDLY,
THEY'VE GOT BAD BREATH,

AND THEIR STICKY, RED SWEAT
MAKES PERSPIRATION LOOK TAME.

WHAT IS THIS STUFF?

IN AFRICA,
WILD HIPPOS LIVE IN HERDS

OF AROUND 20,
CALLED "BLOATS."

BEING THE SECOND-LARGEST
LAND ANIMAL IN THE WORLD,

THEY DON'T HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT PREDATORS,

BUT THEY DO HAVE TO WORRY
ABOUT THE SUN.

LIVING NEAR THE EQUATOR, A HIPPO
IS AT REAL RISK OF SUNBURN.

SO, WHAT'S A HIPPO TO DO?

THE ANSWER LIES IN
THE HIPPO'S RED, OOZY SWEAT.

IT LOOKS LIKE BLOOD, BUT THE RED
OOZE IS ACTUALLY FLUID

LOADED WITH
A SPECIAL RED MOLECULE

CALLED "HIPPOSUDORIC ACID,"

WHICH ABSORBS
THE SUN'S HARMFUL U.V. RAYS.

THE HIPPOSUDORIC ACID
IS SUSPENDED IN AN OILY GLOOP

WHICH SPREADS
ACROSS THE HIPPO'S SKIN.

SO, THIS HIPPO SWEAT
IS NOT BLOOD AT ALL.

IT'S A RED,
WATER-RESISTANT SUNSCREEN.

AND LIBERAL USE OF SUNSCREEN
IS THE BEST WAY TO STAY PRETTY.

THE RED GLOOP ALSO COMES
IN VERY HANDY WHEN THIS HAPPENS.

TWO BIG MALES
ARE FIGHTING.

THE WINNER WILL BE ABLE TO MATE
WITH THE FEMALES IN THE BLOAT.

20-INCH-LONG CANINES
AS SHARP AS KNIVES CAUSE NASTY,

DEEP FLESH WOUNDS.

THE REIGNING KING HAS
SUCCESSFULLY DEFENDED HIS CROWN,

AND THE RIVAL RETREATS,
NURSING HIS INJURIES.

LUCKILY FOR THE LOSER,
THE AMAZING STICKY RED SUNBLOCK

CONTAINS AN ANTIBACTERIAL
THAT FIGHTS INFECTIONS

AND HELPS TO HEAL
HIS WOUNDS.

SO, THANKS TO THE GLOOP,

NOT ONLY CAN HE GET ON
WITH HEALING,

HIPPOS CAN GET BACK TO
THEIR SUN-WORSHIPPING

WITHOUT RISK OF PEELING.

MARVELOUS.