All language subtitles for How Do Animals Do That S02 E03_track3_[eng]

♪♪

Narrator: ANIMALS...

DO THE MOST INCREDIBLE THINGS.

[ GOAT BLEATS ]

LIKE THIS...

AND THAT.

I BET YOU'RE WONDERING,
"HOW DO THEY DO THAT?"

[ CAT MEOWS ]

WE'RE REVEALING ANIMALS'
BIGGEST SECRETS, LIKE...

CAN DOGS TELL TIME?

WHY DO BEES DIE
WHEN THEY STING YOU?

AND HOW CAN A TINY SHRIMP CREATE
AN EXPLOSION AS HOT AS THE SUN?

THESE WONDERS AND MORE ON...

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

WHETHER IT'S DINNERTIME,

WALK TIME...[ DOG WHINES ]

...OR EVEN COMING-HOME TIME,

OUR DOGS SEEM TO KNOW
EXACTLY WHEN THAT IS,

AND THEY DO IT
WITH INCREDIBLE ACCURACY.

BUT IT'S NOT LIKE THEY CAN
ACTUALLY UNDERSTAND TIME.

OR CAN THEY?

HOW DO DOGS KNOW
WHAT TIME IT IS?

[ CLOCK TICKING ]

[ DOG WHINES ]

THIS GORGEOUS
WHIPPET-TERRIER MIX IS RAPH,

AND THIS IS HIS BEST BUDDY,
ALAN.

Alan: BASICALLY,
WE'RE INSEPARABLE.

WE JUST GET TO HANG OUT
ALL THE TIME.

HE LIKES TO SLEEP A LOT,
SO HE'LL JUST NAP BESIDE ME.

Narrator: RAPH AND ALAN HAVE
KINDLY LET US INTO THEIR HOME

TO TEST HOW WELL
RAPH UNDERSTANDS TIME.

LIKE CLOCKWORK,
RAPH IS ALWAYS AT THE DOOR

WHEN ALAN GETS HOME FROM WORK.

BUT DOES HE HEAR OR SMELL
HIS PERSON COMING?

OR DOES RAPH SOMEHOW KNOW
IT'S TIME FOR ALAN TO COME HOME?

Alan:
USUALLY, HE'S RIGHT AT THE DOOR
READY FOR ME AND JUMPING UP.

Narrator: ALAN INSTALLS REMOTE
CAMERAS AROUND THE APARTMENT

TO SPY ON RAPH
FOR A WHOLE WEEK.

EVERY DAY, ALAN AND RAPH
HAVE A REGULAR ROUTINE.

AFTER THEIR MORNING WALK,
ALAN LEAVES FOR WORK AT 9:30.

NOW RAPH HAS THE WHOLE PLACE
TO HIMSELF.

AFTER A BIT OF SNOOPING AROUND,

HE SETTLES DOWN
FOR A SNOOZE IN THE BEDROOM.

AN HOUR OR SO LATER,
SOME SHUT-EYE IN HIS DOG BED.

AT AROUND 1 O'CLOCK,
TIME FOR A SIESTA ON THE SOFA.

IT REALLY IS A DOG'S LIFE.

AT THE SAME TIME EVERY DAY
DURING THE WEEK,

ALAN HEADS HOME
FOR RAPH'S MIDDAY WALK.

AND AT 1:30,
AS ALAN WALKS THROUGH THE DOOR,

HE'S GREETED BY HIS EXCITED
FOUR-LEGGED FRIEND.

NOW, REWIND THE CAMERAS BACK
FIVE MINUTES...

...AND WE CAN SEE THAT AT 1:25,
WHILE ALAN IS STILL ON HIS BIKE,

RAPH WAKES FROM HIS SLUMBER AND
GOES TO WAIT AT THE FRONT DOOR.

IT'S LIKE HE KNOWS EXACTLY
WHAT TIME IT IS.

AND AMAZINGLY, RECORDINGS SHOW
HE DOES THE SAME THING

DAY AFTER DAY AFTER DAY.

GOOD BOY.

Alan:
FIVE MINUTES BEFORE I ACTUALLY
EVEN GET INTO THE BUILDING,

HE SEEMS TO BE
ANTICIPATING ME COMING HOME.

HIS EARS START TO PERK UP,
AND HE'S WALKING AROUND,

WHERE RATHER THAN EVEN
10 MINUTES BEFORE THAT,

HE'D BE A LOT MORE CHILL
AND ON THE COUCH.

Narrator: SO, WHAT'S THE SECRET
TO A DOG'S ABILITY TO KNOW

WHEN WE'RE COMING HOME?

WELL, FOR A LONG TIME,
SCIENTISTS THOUGHT THAT DOGS

MAY JUST HAVE
A SUPER ACCURATE BODY CLOCK.

BUT RECENT RESEARCH SUGGESTS

A DOG MIGHT BE
TELLING THE TIME WITH...

HIS NOSE.

THE THEORY IS DOGS USE
THEIR INCREDIBLE SENSE OF SMELL

TO MEASURE SCENT PARTICLES
DETERIORATING OVER TIME.

BECAUSE ALAN HAS
A REGULAR ROUTINE,

RAPH CAN THEN ASSOCIATE
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ODOR

WITH VERY PARTICULAR TIMES
OF THE DAY.

SO, WHEN ALAN LEAVES FOR WORK,

HIS SCENT CONTINUES
TO LINGER IN THE AIR.

BUT AS TIME TICKS AWAY,
SO DOES ALAN'S SMELL.

IT'S THOUGHT RAPH'S 300 MILLION
SCENT RECEPTORS

CAN DETECT ALAN'S
DIMINISHING SCENT

LIKE A CLOCK COUNTING DOWN
TO HIS RETURN.

AND WHEN THE CLOCK
HITS 1:25 P.M.,

ALAN'S SCENT DROPS
TO A PARTICULAR LEVEL.

RAPH RECOGNIZES THIS
AS THE SMELL OF THE TIME

THAT ALAN WILL WALK
THROUGH THE DOOR.

TO TEST IF RAPH IS REALLY
SMELLING THE TIME,

ALAN IS GOING TO RESET
HIS SCENT CLOCK

MIDWAY THROUGH THE MORNING.

HE STUFFS SWEATY CLOTHES
INTO A PLASTIC PIPE.

IT'S CONNECTED TO AN INTAKE FAN

AND A PIPE
WHICH LEADS INTO THE APARTMENT.

AT 9:30 A.M., ALAN LEAVES
FOR WORK AS USUAL.

AND LIKE CLOCKWORK, RAPH BEGINS
HIS DAILY ROUTINE OF SNOOZING.

AT NOON,
A TIMER ACTIVATES THE FAN...

[ FAN WHIRRING ]

...AND PUMPS ALAN'S SCENT
THROUGHOUT THE APARTMENT.

AT 1:25, RAPH NORMALLY WOULD BE
WAITING AT THE DOOR,

READY TO WELCOME ALAN HOME.

INSTEAD, HE'S IN A DEEP SLUMBER,
DREAMING OF CHASING CATS.

AND WHEN ALAN RETURNS HOME,

HE COMPLETELY SURPRISES
HIS CONFUSED BEST FRIEND.

♪♪

Alan: RIGHT UP UNTIL
I CAME IN TO THE DOOR,

HE WAS LYING ON THE COUCH
BASICALLY SLEEPING, SNOOZING.

YOU CAN TELL THAT HE DIDN'T EVEN
REALIZE THAT I WAS COMING HOME.

IT WASN'T UNTIL I LITERALLY CAME
RIGHT IN TO THE DOOR

THAT HE JUMPED RIGHT UP.

Narrator: ALAN BLEW HIS SCENT
INTO THE APARTMENT

ON THREE SEPARATE DAYS,

AND ON EACH ONE,
RAPH LOST HIS SENSE OF TIME.

SO, AS STRANGE AS IT SOUNDS,

WE CAN NOW ADD
TELLING, OR SMELLING, THE TIME

TO THE LIST OF INCREDIBLE THINGS
A DOG'S NOSE CAN DO.

[ OWL HOOTING ]

THERE ARE MORE THAN 750 KINDS
OF STINGING INSECTS.

ALL DEFEND THEMSELVES
BY INJECTING VENOM

INTO ANYTHING THEY SEE
AS A THREAT.

[ WOMAN SCREAMS ]

MOST STINGING BUGS CAN DO THIS
OVER AND OVER AGAIN,

BUT FOR ONE -- THE HONEYBEE --

STINGING YOU IS
THE LAST THING THEY DO.

WHY DO HONEYBEES DIE
AFTER THEY STING?

IN A HONEYBEE HIVE,

IT'S FAIR TO SAY
THE WOMEN DO ALL THE WORK.

ALTHOUGH, THAT'S PARTLY BECAUSE
THERE ARE HARDLY ANY MEN.

THE COLONY CONSISTS OF ONE QUEEN
TENDED BY A FEW HUNDRED MALES

AND UP TO 60,000 FEMALE
WORKER BEES.

ONLY THE FEMALES HAVE STINGERS,

AND THAT'S BECAUSE HER STINGER
IS CONNECTED TO TWO GLANDS --

ONE THAT DELIVERS VENOM,
AND ANOTHER THAT DELIVERS EGGS.

BUT ONLY THE QUEEN IN A HIVE
WILL ACTUALLY LAY EGGS.

AS WITH OTHER BEES,
THE HONEYBEE'S STINGER IS LIKE

A RETRACTABLE HYPODERMIC NEEDLE.

BUT WHERE OTHER BEES' STINGERS
ARE SMOOTH,

THE HONEYBEE'S HAS TWO EDGES
OF SAWTOOTH BLADES.

THE BARBS ARE ANGLED TO PIERCE
THE SKIN OF HAIRY ANIMALS

THAT WOULD EAT THEIR HONEY,
LIKE BEARS, SKUNKS, AND
RACCOONS.

WHEN THE BEE STINGS,

THE BARBED BLADES SCISSOR
THROUGH THE SKIN,

WHERE IT CAN INJECT ITS ACIDIC,
CELL-DESTROYING VENOM.

BUT BECAUSE OF THE DIRECTION
OF THE BARBS,

WHEN THEY HAVE PIERCED THE SKIN,

THE BEE CAN'T PULL
ITS STINGER OUT,

AND TRYING ENDS IN DISASTER.

THE BEE TEARS HER ABDOMEN AWAY,

LEAVING BEHIND A STRING
OF DIGESTIVE PARTS,

GLANDS, A VENOM SAC,

AND THE STINGER
STILL IN THE VICTIM,

WHICH IS WHY THIS KAMIKAZE ACT

IS USUALLY ONLY DEPLOYED
TO DEFEND THE HIVE.

THE HONEYBEE'S SUICIDAL STING
HAS EVOLVED

AS AN ANTI-MAMMAL DETERRENT.

AND THE TOXIC VENOM
WILL CONTINUE

TO PUMP INTO THE VICTIM
FOR UP TO 10 MINUTES.

SO EVEN AFTER
THAT LAST GUTSY ACT OF DEFENSE,

THE HONEYBEE CAN GO
TO THE BIG BEEHIVE IN THE SKY

KNOWING SHE'S STILL DOING
HER PART

FOR THE GREATER GOOD
OF HER COLONY.

COMING UP...

WHY DO BIRDS FLY IN CIRCLES?

THE SECRET OF A KANGAROO'S HOP.

AND HOW A TINY SHRIMP CREATES
TEMPERATURES AS HOT AS THE SUN.

Narrator: WHEN IT COMES TO
TAKING DOWN PREY,

SIZE ISN'T EVERYTHING
IN THE ANIMAL WORLD.

THE FEARSOME HONEY BADGER WILL
TAKE ON HYENAS TWICE ITS SIZE.

[ ANIMALS SNARLING ]

THE KOMODO DRAGON CAN KILL
A 1,000-POUND BUFFALO

WITH A SINGLE TOXIC BITE.

BUT POUND FOR POUND,

THERE IS ONE ANIMAL
MORE FEROCIOUS THAN ANY OTHER.

IT HAS A KILLER PUNCH --

200 TIMES MORE POWERFUL
THAN A HEAVYWEIGHT BOXER'S --

AND IT'S BARELY BIGGER
THAN YOUR THUMB.

WHAT MAKES
THE TINY MANTIS SHRIMP

SUCH A POWERFUL PREDATOR?

AROUND 4 INCHES LONG AND
WEIGHING IN AT JUST 2 OUNCES,

ONE OF THE PRETTIEST BUT MEANEST
CRITTERS IN THE OCEAN --

THE PEACOCK MANTIS SHRIMP.

DESPITE HIS NAME,

THIS LITTLE GUY
IS NEITHER A MANTIS OR A SHRIMP.

HE'S ACTUALLY A DISTANT COUSIN
OF CRABS AND LOBSTERS.

AND BIOLOGIST DR. TIM HERRLINGER
WANTS TO SHOW

HOW THE SHRIMP PACKS
SUCH A MEGA PUNCH,

BY OFFERING UP A MEAL.

THIS PEACOCK MANTIS SHRIMP
IS A FEROCIOUS PREDATOR.

ITS EYES ARE MOVING ALL OVER.

IT KNOWS SOMETHING'S THERE.

Narrator:
THE MANTIS SHRIMP'S FOOD
COMES WITH A PROBLEM --

A TOUGH SHELL,

WHETHER IT'S MUSSELS, SHRIMP,
OR IN THIS CASE, A CLAM.

Herrlinger: THIS IS HARD.

[ TAPPING ]

THE MANTIS SHRIMP HAS TO HAVE
AN ABILITY TO BREAK THROUGH

THESE SHELLS AND SCOOP OUT
AND EAT THE GOODIES INSIDE.

Narrator: FIRST,
THE MANTIS SHRIMP LINES UP

THE WEAKEST PART OF THE SHELL,

AND HE TAKES AIM
FOR THE FIRST BLOW.

♪♪

Herrlinger: LOOK AT THE DAMAGE
DONE TO THIS CLAM.

Narrator:
SO, HOW DOES THIS TINY ANIMAL
CREATE SUCH A DEVASTATING FORCE?

WE'D NEED A HAMMER
TO DO THE SAME.

ITS POWER COMES FROM
TWO CLUB-LIKE APPENDAGES,

WHICH THE MANTIS SHRIMP SWINGS
LIKE TINY HAMMERS ON A HINGE.

THEY ARE MADE FROM THE SAME
MATERIAL AS FISH SCALES.

BUT WHAT MAKES THESE CLUBS
ALMOST INDESTRUCTIBLE

IS THERE ARE SEVERAL LAYERS
FOCUSED AROUND THE IMPACT ZONE

THAT ABSORB THE FORCE --

SO MUCH SO,

THE CLUBS CAN MAKE 50,000 HITS
WITHOUT BREAKING.

BUT THE REAL SECRET BEHIND THE
POWER OF A MANTIS SHRIMP'S PUNCH

IS THE INCREDIBLE SPEED
THEY GENERATE

TO WHIP THEIR HAMMER CLUBS.

THE SPEED OF EACH STRIKE
IS 50 TIMES FASTER

THAN THE BLINK OF AN EYE.

Narrator:
IN FACT, ACCELERATING FROM
0 TO 50 IN 0.2 MILLISECONDS,

IT'S FASTER THAN A BULLET.

IT COULD EVEN SHATTER THE GLASS
OF THIS TANK IF IT WANTED TO.

AS THE CLUB RETRACTS,

A THICK MUSCLE AT THE TOP
OF THE ARM IS PULLED FORWARDS.

STRAINING UNDER THE TENSION,

IT IS HELD IN PLACE
BY A LATCH SYSTEM.

THIS HUGE AMOUNT
OF ELASTIC ENERGY

IS LOCKED AND LOADED
UNTIL THE LATCH IS RELEASED.

THE MANTIS SHRIMP RELEASES
A FORCE

2,500 TIMES ITS OWN BODY WEIGHT.

A BOXER'S PUNCH IS JUST
THREE TIMES HIS BODY WEIGHT.

BUT THE REAL SECRET
OF THIS HUGE FORCE

IS IT IS ACTUALLY
A DOUBLE IMPACT.

FIRST, THE CLUB MOVES FORWARD,
HITS THE SHELL OF THE ANIMAL.

AT THE SAME TIME, THE FORCE IS
SO STRONG THAT THE WATER BOILS.

Narrator: THAT'S RIGHT.

A MANTIS SHRIMP PUNCH
CAN BOIL WATER.

THE IMPACT BETWEEN THE SHELL AND
THE CLUB CREATES A TINY VACUUM.

FOR A FRACTION OF A SECOND,
THE EXTREME PRESSURE

FROM THIS VACUUM
BOILS THE SURROUNDING WATER.

THIS MIX OF BOILING WATER AND
PRESSURE CREATES A VAPOR BUBBLE

THAT IMPLODES INTO A BALL
OF SOUND AND LIGHT,

CREATING TEMPERATURES SO HOT,
THEY REACH 7,000 DEGREES --

AS HOT AS THE SURFACE
OF THE SUN.

SO, THE MOST POWERFUL PUNCH
IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM

IS PART UPPERCUT,
PART THERMAL EXPLOSION.

THIS CRAB HASN'T GOT A CHANCE.

[ ANIMALS YELPING,
INSECTS BUZZING ]

Narrator: COMING UP...

THE POWER BEHIND
THE KANGAROO'S 25-FOOT HOP.

AND DO CIRCLING VULTURES
REALLY MEAN YOUR TIME IS UP?

♪♪

Narrator:
KANGAROOS ARE THE ONLY ANIMAL

THAT HOP
TO TRAVEL LONG DISTANCES.

AT SPEEDS OF 43 MILES PER HOUR,

KANGAROOS CAN MOVE FASTER
THAN A GREYHOUND

AND COVER 25 FEET
IN A SINGLE LEAP.

AND THIS PHYSICS-DEFYING BOUNCE

ACTUALLY USES UP LESS ENERGY
THE FASTER THEY GO.

WHAT'S THE SECRET
TO A KANGAROO'S HOP?

70% OF AUSTRALIA IS MADE UP OF
DESERT AND SPARSE VEGETATION.

THAT'S OVER
3 MILLION SQUARE MILES --

NEARLY 11 TIMES THE AREA
OF TEXAS.

AND YET A GIANT
200-POUND ANIMAL LIVES

AND THRIVES IN THIS ARID PLACE.

THE KANGAROO'S SURVIVAL
DEPENDS ON ITS ABILITY TO HOP

FROM ONE WATERING HOLE
TO THE NEXT

QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY.

AND, BOY, CAN THEY DO THAT.

KANGAROOS HAVE BEEN RECORDED

TRAVELING A STAGGERING 200 MILES
IN JUST 10 HOURS.

TO FIND OUT THE SECRET
OF THEIR AMAZING HOP,

WE'VE COME
TO THE LONE PINE SANCTUARY

NEAR BRISBANE.

COME OOOOON!

COME OOOOON!

SO, I GUESS WE'RE TRYING TO
CATCH A KANGAROO, AREN'T WE?

Narrator: HERE,
LIANA ANDERSON LOOKS AFTER

OVER 150 KANGAROOS
AND WALLABIES.

Liana: HELLO!

SO, THESE ARE SOME
OF MY BIG BOYS.

THIS IS ONE OF MY MORE
DOMINANT FELLAS NOW.

HIS NAME'S MR. T.
HE'S A BIT OF A STUD.

Narrator:
BUT BEING BUFF IS NOT THE SECRET

TO A KANGAROO'S HOP.

THE SECRET IS IN THE WAY

THE KANGAROO AVOIDS
USING ITS MUSCLES.

AT 14 INCHES,

A KANGAROO'S ACHILLES TENDONS
ARE TWICE AS LONG AS A HUMAN'S.

AS THE KANGAROO LANDS,
THE TENDONS COMPRESS,

AND THIS STORES ENERGY
FROM THE HOP.

KANGAROO TENDONS ACT LIKE
BATTERIES, READY TO RECYCLE

AND RELEASE THAT ENERGY
INTO THE NEXT HOP.

IF YOU THINK ABOUT THE SPRING
BEING SQUASHED DOWN

THAT STORES ENERGY,

IF YOU LET IT GO,
IT WILL PING UP.

Narrator: A KANGAROO'S
ACHILLES TENDONS HOLD

10 TIMES MORE ENERGY
THAN THEIR LEG MUSCLES.

AND THE TENDONS
ARE SO EFFICIENT,

THEY CAN RECYCLE UP TO 90% OF
THE ENERGY FROM A ROO'S HOP.

IN FACT,
THE FASTER THE ROO HOPS,

THE MORE ENERGY
THE ACHILLES TENDONS RECYCLE,

SO ROOS HARDLY USE
ANY MUSCLE POWER AT ALL.

AT THIS SPEED, IT SEEMS
THE KANGAROO WOULD BOUNCE

UNTIL HE WAS OUT OF BREATH.

BUT IT TURNS OUT, HOPPING MAKES
IT EASIERFOR THEM TO BREATHE,

INFLATING AND DEFLATING
THEIR LUNGS WITH EACH BOUNCE.

BECAUSE KANGAROOS
ARE SOENERGY-EFFICIENT,

ENGINEERS ARE NOW STUDYING THEM
IN THE HOPE

THAT THE KANGAROO HOP
MIGHT LEAD TO A GIANT LEAP

IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EVERYTHING
FROM CARS TO COMPUTERS.

NEXT, THE SURPRISING TRUTH
TO WHY VULTURES FLY IN CIRCLES.

Narrator:
IF YOU LOOK UP AND SEE VULTURES
CIRCLING ABOVE YOU, DON'T WORRY.

THEY'RE NOT WAITING
FOR YOU TO DIE.

THAT'S A MYTH.

SO, IF THEY'RE NOT WAITING
TO POUNCE ON WEAKENED PREY,

WHY DO VULTURES FLY IN CIRCLES?

[ BIRD SQUAWKS ]

Narrator: VULTURES CAN BE FOUND
ON PRETTY MUCH EVERY CONTINENT

ON THE PLANET
EXCEPT AUSTRALIA AND ANTARCTICA.

AS LARGE SCAVENGERS,

VULTURES OFTEN NEED TO FLY
HUNDREDS OF MILES

TO FIND A CARCASS TO FEAST ON.

AND BECAUSE THE NEXT MEAL
COULD BE MORE THAN A WEEK AWAY,

THEY ALSO NEED TO EXPEND
VERY LITTLE ENERGY FINDING IT.

THE MORE ENERGY THEY USE,

THE LESS CHANCE THEY HAVE OF
MAKING IT TO THE NEXT MEAL.

SO THESE INGENIOUS BIRDS
HAVE COME UP

WITH A WAY OF
STAYING IN THE AIR LONGER

WITHOUT NEEDING TO FLAP
A SINGLE WING.

IN FACT, THEY LET NATURE
DO ALL THE WORK.

WHEN THE SUN HITS THE GROUND,
IT WARMS THE AIR DIRECTLY ABOVE,

WHICH BECOMES LESS DENSE.

THIS LIGHT, WARM AIR RISES UP
IN COLUMNS CALLED THERMALS.

THE CORE IS THE STRONGEST PART
OF THE THERMAL,

AND IT SPIRALS UP.

THE REASON VULTURES FLY
IN CIRCLES

IS BECAUSE THEY RIDE
THESE THERMALS.

BY CIRCLING AROUND THE CORE,

THEY JUST NEED TO HOLD
THEIR WINGS OPEN,

AND THE SPIRALING RISING AIR

CATCHES BENEATH
THEIR 10-FOOT WINGSPAN.

THE AIR LIFTS THEM TENS OF
THOUSANDS OF FEET IN SOME CASES.

THERMAL HOPPING MEANS A VULTURE
CAN COVER HUNDREDS OF MILES

IN ONE FLIGHT
WITH BARELY A FLAP OF THE WINGS.

BUT GIVEN THERMALS ARE
INVISIBLE,

HOW DO VULTURES FIND NEW ONES?

WELL, THEY USE THE BIRD
EQUIVALENT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING.

THEY LOOK OUT FOR OTHER
CIRCLING BIRDS OR FOLLOW ONES

THAT LOOK LIKE THEY ARE
ON THE HUNT FOR A THERMAL.

AND THE BIRDS THEY FOLLOW
DON'T HAVE TO BE OTHER VULTURES.

THEY COULD BE HERONS, EAGLES,
EVEN ALBATROSS.

FOR A SOLITARY HUNTING
OR SCAVENGING BIRD,

IT SEEMS SOCIAL NETWORKING
CAN LEAD TO YOUR NEXT MEAL.

[ BIRDS CACKLING ]