All language subtitles for How Do Animals Do That S02 E01_track3_[eng]

♪♪

Narrator: ANIMALS...

DO THE MOST INCREDIBLE THINGS.

[ GOAT BLEATS ]

LIKE THIS...

AND THIS.

I BET YOU'RE WONDERING,
"HOW DO THEY DO THAT?"

WE'RE REVEALING ANIMALS'
BIGGEST SECRETS, LIKE...

HOW DO CATS
ALWAYS LAND ON THEIR FEET?

HOW DO BUTTERFLIES CREATE
SUCH BEAUTIFUL WINGS?

AND DOES THIS WEIRD-LOOKING
CRITTER HOLD THE KEY

TO A LONG DISEASED-FREE LIFE?

THESE WONDERS AND MORE ON...

--Captions by VITAC--
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

SCIENTISTS HAVE WRESTLED

WITH SOME OF THE GREATEST
MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE.

HOW DID IT ALL BEGIN?

CAN WE GO FASTER THAN LIGHT?

AND JUST WHAT IS GRAVITY?

Man: AAAAAH!

Narrator: BUT THERE'S ONE
PROBLEM THAT SEEMS TO DEFY

THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF PHYSICS.

HOW DO CATS ALWAYS LAND
ON THEIR FEET?

DOMESTIC CATS ARE THE NATURAL
ATHLETES OF THE PET WORLD.

THEY COULD TAKE ON
THE FASTEST PEOPLE AROUND

WITH A TOP SPEED
OF 30 MILES PER HOUR.

THEY CAN JUMP AS HIGH
AS SIX TIMES THEIR BODY LENGTH.

THAT'S LIKE A HUMAN
LEAPING A THREE-STORY BUILDING.

BUT THE CAT'S ABILITY TO TWIST
IN MID-AIR

AND PUT FOUR FALLING PAWS
ON THE GROUND

IS ITS MOST IMPRESSIVE FEAT.

HOW DO THEY DO IT?

WELL, CREDIT THE CAT'S AMAZING,
BENDABLE SPINE.

AS THE CAT FALLS,
IT DOES SOMETHING EXTRAORDINARY.

THE CAT BENDS ITS SPINE SO MUCH
THAT IT CAN SEPARATE

THE MOVEMENT OF ITS FRONT HALF
FROM THE REAR HALF.

THE FOUR-LEGGED CONTORTIONIST
TUCKS ITS FRONT PAWS IN

AND AT THE SAME TIME,
PUSHES ITS BACK LEGS OUT.

THIS MAKES THE FRONT END
SPIN FASTER,

JUST LIKE AN ICE SKATER
PULLING IN HIS ARMS,

WHILE THE REAR LEGS TWIST BACK
FOR A PERFECT LANDING.

BOTH WILD AND DOMESTIC CATS
HAVE 30 VERTEBRAE

IN THEIR SPINES,
COMPARED TO OUR 24,

WHICH MEANS THE CAT'S SPINE HAS
THE ABILITY TO TWIST FURTHER.

AND THE LIGAMENTS THAT JOIN
THE CAT'S VERTEBRAE

ARE SOME OF THE STRONGEST
AND SPRINGIEST

IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.

IT'S THIS ELASTICITY THAT ALLOWS
CATS TO CORK-SCREW

THEIR BODIES
IN OPPOSING DIRECTIONS.

IF WE TRIED THIS, EVEN AFTER
A LIFETIME OF YOGA,

WE'D BREAK OUR BACKS.

THE CAT'S AMAZING TALENT
IS CALLED

THE "SELF-RIGHTING REFLEX."

BUT CATS AREN'T BORN WITH IT.

IT STARTS APPEARING IN KITTENS
WHEN THEY'RE 3 WEEKS OLD.

BY SEVEN WEEKS,
THEY'VE NAILED IT.

THIS INCREDIBLE FELINE INSTINCT
IS LEFTOVER FROM WHEN CAT'S WILD

ANCESTORS LIVED IN THE TREES,
WHERE BALANCE, AGILITY,

AND A QUICK ESCAPE
WERE ESSENTIAL FOR SURVIVAL.

AS IS ANOTHER LIFE-SAVING SKILL.

CATS CAN SLOW THEIR DESCENT DOWN
BY STRETCHING OUT ALL FOUR LEGS.

THIS MAXIMIZES DRAG
ON ITS FALLING BODY.

JUST LIKE A PARACHUTE.

THE CAT'S INCREDIBLE ABILITY
HELPS THEM SURVIVE FALLS

FROM AS HIGH AS 32 STORIES UP.

HUMANS FALLING THAT FAR
WOULD REACH A TERMINAL VELOCITY

OF 120 MILES PER HOUR,
MAKING DEATH ALMOST CERTAIN.

BUT THAT PARACHUTE POSE CUTS
THE CAT'S SPEED IN HALF,

DOWN TO A SURVIVABLE
60 MILES PER HOUR.

SO, CATS REALLY HAVE MASTERED
THE PHYSICS OF FALLING.

[ TIGER GROWLS ]

[ CLOCKS TICKING ]

IT'S ONE OF LIFE'S SAD TRUTHS,
THAT FROM THE MOMENT WE'RE BORN,

THE CLOCK STARTS TICKING.

AND AS WE AGE, MUSCLES LOSE
STRENGTH, BONES WEAKEN,

AND OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM
CAN'T FIGHT DISEASE AS EASILY.

[ GUN FIRES ]

BUT IMAGINE IF YOU COULD HAVE
THE BODY OF A 20-SOMETHING,

WELL INTO YOUR RETIREMENT YEARS?

SOUNDS LIKE SCIENCE FICTION,
BUT HIDDEN UNDERGROUND

IN THE PLAINS OF EAST AFRICA
IS AN AMAZING ANIMAL

THAT COULD HOLD THE SECRET
OF A LONG, DISEASE-FREE LIFE.

WHY DON'T NAKED MOLE RATS AGE?

NAKED MOLE RATS AREN'T
MOLES OR RATS.

IN FACT, THEIR CLOSEST RELATIVES
ARE PORCUPINES AND CHINCHILLAS.

BUT THEY ARE NAKED, APART FROM
ABOUT 100 WHISKER-LIKE STRANDS,

BUT LET'S NOT SPLIT HAIRS.

THESE NOT-SO-PRETTY MAMMALS
LIVE IN COLONIES OF UP TO 300.

THEY SPEND THEIR WHOLE LIVES
UNDERGROUND IN NARROW TUNNELS

THAT CAN STRETCH
AS FAR AS THREE MILES.

YOU'D THINK LIVING IN LIGHT-LESS
TUNNEL CONDITIONS,

SOMETIMES WITH
VERY LITTLE OXYGEN

WOULD ADD UP TO
A SHORT LIFE SPAN,

BUT THE TUNNELS MAY BE
THE REASON FOR A LONG ONE.

DR. CHRIS FAULKES
FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

HAS BEEN STUDYING
THESE INCREDIBLE RODENTS

FOR MORE THAN THREE DECADES.

Faulkes: THEY LIVE AN INCREDIBLY
LONG TIME FOR A SMALL RODENT.

THEY LIVE ABOUT 10 TIMES LONGER
THAN A SIMILARLY SIZED MOUSE.

Narrator: A MOUSE IN CAPTIVITY
LIVES ABOUT FOUR YEARS,

BUT NAKED MOLE RATS LIVE
AS LONG AS 35 YEARS OR MORE.

FOR THEIR SIZE,

THEY ARE ONE OF THE LONGEST
LIVING ANIMALS ON EARTH.

NAKED MOLE RATS
ARE REALLY AMAZING.

THEY HAVE ALMOST
SUPER HERO QUALITIES.

THE AMAZING THING IS, NOT ONLY
DO THEY LIVE A LONG TIME,

BUT THEY HAVE
A LONG HEALTH SPAN,

SO THEY STAY HEALTHY
WELL INTO THEIR VERY OLD AGE.

THIS IS REALLY LIKE
AN 80-YEAR-OLD HUMAN HAVING

THE BODY OF A 30-YEAR-OLD.

Narrator: SCIENTISTS BELIEVE
THEY HAVE DISCOVERED THE REASON

THESE HARDY LITTLE RODENTS
ARE ABLE TO STAY HEALTHY

AND LIVE SO LONG.

MOLE RATS PRODUCE A KIND OF
QUALITY CONTROL CHEMICAL

THAT CONSTANTLY
REPAIRS THEIR DNA.

IT'S SO EFFECTIVE, NAKED MOLE
RATS HARDLY EVER GET CANCER.

THEIR GENES RELEASE
A SUPER-SUGAR THAT KILLS OFF

MULTIPLYING CELLS AND STOPS
ANY TUMORS FROM GROWING.

BUT THESE FOREVER YOUNG
CREATURES AREN'T JUST IMMUNE

TO THE RAVAGES OF OLD AGE.

THEY'RE PERFECTLY ADAPTED
TO THEIR HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT.

WITH SO MANY MOLE RATS LIVING
IN SUCH CRAMPED CONDITIONS,

OXYGEN CAN DROP
TO DANGEROUSLY LOW LEVELS

THAT WOULD TRIGGER
BRAIN DAMAGE IN HUMANS

AFTER JUST THREE MINUTES.

BUT AMAZINGLY, THE MOLE RAT
ALTERS ITS METABOLISM

IN A WAY NO OTHER ANIMAL CAN,

DOING SOMETHING
ONLY KNOWN IN PLANTS.

IF OXYGEN IN A TUNNEL
BECOMES DANGEROUSLY LOW,

THE MOLE RAT CELLS STOP
USING THE OXYGEN AND METABOLIZE

A TYPE OF SUGAR,
FRUCTOSE, INSTEAD.

THEN THE MOLE RAT FALLS INTO
A KIND OF SUSPENDED ANIMATION.

THE HEART RATE DROPS FROM 200
BEATS PER MINUTE TO JUST 50.

AND IT CAN STAY IN THIS STATE
FOR UP TO 18 MINUTES.

AS SOON AS THE MOLE RAT SNIFFS
THAT THE OXYGEN IN THE TUNNEL

HAS RISEN, IT POWERS BACK UP.

[ SNAKE HISSING ]

AND THE MOLE RAT'S GOT
ANOTHER SECRET TO A LONG LIFE --

SUPER-SKILLS TO EVADE PREDATORS.

AS THEY'RE SO FANTASTICALLY
ADAPTED TO LIVING

IN THESE SMALL TUNNELS,
A CONSEQUENCE OF THAT

SEEMS TO BE THAT THEY'VE
EVOLVED THIS ABILITY

TO MOVE FORWARD AND BACKWARDS,
ALMOST WITH EQUAL EASE.

Narrator: IN FACT, THE MOLE RAT
IS THE ONLY ANIMAL THAT CAN RUN

AS FAST BACKWARD
AS IT CAN FORWARD

AND IS BORN OUT OF NECESSITY.

Faulkes: IN THE WILD, THEIR
MAIN PREDATOR IS A SNAKE.

WHILE MOST ANIMALS FACING PREY
OR A THREAT

COULD PROBABLY TURN AROUND
AND RUN AWAY,

IF A SNAKE GETS DOWN
INTO THE TUNNEL,

THE NAKED MOLE RATS CAN ACTUALLY
RETREAT AND RUN AWAY BACKWARDS.

Narrator: SO, THE SECRET
TO EVERLASTING LIFE?

ACT LIKE A PLANT
AND RUN BACKWARDS.

[ DUCKS QUACKING ]

COMING UP,
WHY AREN'T ALL PUPILS ROUND...

...HOW BEAUTIFUL
BUTTERFLY WINGS ARE BORN...

AND WHAT HAPPENS TO TINY,
HALF-OUNCE BIRDS WHEN IT RAINS?

Narrator: VIRTUALLY
EVERY ANIMALS ON EARTH

HAS A PAIR OF MUST-HAVE ORGANS.

EYES DO THE AMAZING JOB
OF GATHERING LIGHT

TO SEE OUR WORLD.

BUT WHEN IT COMES TO THE HOLE
THAT LETS LIGHT INTO THE EYE,

THE PUPIL, THAT'S WHERE EYES
GO OFF THE RAILS.

THERE ARE SLITS, CRESCENT
SHAPES, SOME ARE EVEN W's.

SO WHY AREN'T ALL PUPILS ROUND?

EVEN THOUGH ANIMALS USE
THE SAME SUNLIGHT AND MOONLIGHT

TO SEE THE WORLD AROUND THEM,
THE SHAPE OF THEIR PUPILS

DETERMINES WHAT KIND
OF VIEW THEY GET.

[ SCREECHING ]

MANY MAMMALS, LIKE LIONS, DOGS,
AND HUMANS, HAVE ROUND PUPILS.

THE CIRCULAR SHAPE MAXIMIZES THE
AMOUNT OF LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE

AND LETS THE EYES FOCUS
ON A LARGE AREA.

BUT OTHER PUPIL SHAPES
ARE MORE SPECIALIZED.

ANIMALS THAT HUNT AT NIGHT,
LIKE CROCODILES AND CATS,

NEED PROTECTION FROM
STRONG SUNLIGHT IN THE DAYTIME.

SO, BY DAY, NOCTURNAL PREDATORS'
PUPILS SHRINK

TO NARROW VERTICAL SLITS.

AS IT GETS DARKER, THE SLITS
EXPAND UP TO 135 TIMES,

TO ALLOW MORE LIGHT IN,
TURNING FROM THIS TO THIS.

OUR ROUND PUPILS CAN ONLY MANAGE
A 15 TIMES CHANGE.

AND WHEN THEY NEED TO HUNT
IN DAYLIGHT,

NARROW, VERTICAL PUPILS FOCUS

ON WHAT'S DIRECTLY
IN FRONT OF THEM.

THE BLURRY OUTLINE HELPS
WITH PERCEPTION OF DEPTH,

LETTING THEM CALCULATE THE EXACT
DISTANCE TO THEIR PREY

BEFORE THEY POUNCE.

BUT THE STRANGEST EYES BELONG
TO THE CREATURES OF THE DEEP.

GIANT SQUID HAVE
THE BIGGEST EYES ON THE PLANET.

EACH IS THE SIZE
OF A HUMAN HEAD.

BUT THERE'S ANOTHER UNDERWATER
EYE THAT'S EVEN MORE AMAZING,

AND IT BELONGS
TO THE CUTTLEFISH.

IN THE DARK, CUTTLEFISH
HAVE ROUND PUPILS

TO MAXIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT
THEY CAN DETECT,

BUT WHEN THE SUN
PENETRATES THE WAVES,

THE PUPIL TURNS INTO A "W."

SCIENTISTS THINK
THIS W-SHAPED PUPIL

LETS CUTTLEFISH SEE
CLEARLY UNDERWATER.

AS LIGHT PASSES
THROUGH THE OCEAN,

IT GRADUALLY GETS ABSORBED
BY WATER.

THE DEEPER YOU GO,
THE DARKER IT GETS.

THIS CREATES UNEVEN LIGHT
THAT MAKES IT HARD

FOR HUMAN EYES TO FOCUS

AND IS PART OF THE REASON
OUR UNDERWATER VISION IS BLURRY.

BUT THE CUTTLEFISH'S PUPIL SHAPE
FIXES THIS PROBLEM.

THE "W" LETS IN MORE LIGHT
FROM THE DARKER AREA BELOW

AND LESS
FROM THE BRIGHTER ABOVE.

THE RESULT, LIGHT GOING
INTO THE EYE IS EVEN.

AND THAT TURNS A NORMALLY
FUZZY VIEW OF THE OCEAN

INTO ONE
WITH CRYSTAL-CLEAR DETAIL.

PROOF THAT WHEN IT COMES
TO PERFECTING THE EYE,

WE HAVE SOMETHING TO LEARN.

SO, YOU COULD SAY, IN THIS
LESSON, WE'RETHE PUPILS.

COMING UP, THE MIRACLE
TRANSFORMATION OF NATURE'S

WINGED MASTERPIECES.

AND HOW DO TINY HUMMINGBIRDS
STAY AIRBORNE IN A RAINSTORM?

Narrator: BUTTERFLIES CAN GROW
AS LARGE AS A FOOTBALL,

OR AS SMALL AS A THUMBTACK.

SOME FLY SO FAST,
THEY CAN OUTPACE A RACEHORSE.

MORE THAN 17,000 SPECIES OF
BUTTERFLY LIVE ON

SIX CONTINENTS, AND THEY'RE ALL
LIVING WORKS OF ART.

AND FOR THE FIRST TIME,

WE HAVE THE CHANCE
TO SEE THE ARTIST AT WORK.

HOW ARE BUTTERFLY WINGS CREATED?

EVERY BUTTERFLY SPECIES
HAS A UNIQUE

AND DISTINCTIVE WING PATTERN,

AND THESE INCREDIBLE MARKINGS
ARE VITAL FOR SURVIVAL.

THE CALIGO, ALSO KNOWN
AS THE OWL BUTTERFLY,

HAS FALSE EYES
THAT MIMIC PYGMY OWLS.

MIMICKING A PREDATOR HELPS
SCARE OFF OTHER PREDATORS,

SO SCIENTISTS KNOW
THESE INCREDIBLE WING PATTERNS

ARE USEFUL.

BUT WHAT THEY HAVE STRUGGLED
TO FIGURE OUT

IS HOW THE COLORS
AND PATTERNS ARE CREATED.

AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
IN BERKELEY,

KYLE DeMARR AND HIS TEAM

ARE USING
A REVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUE

THAT FINALLY GIVES SCIENTISTS
A WINDOW INTO WING FORMATION.

LITERALLY, A WINDOW.

WE HAVE A NEW TECHNIQUE
THAT ALLOWS US

TO PEER INSIDE OF THE PUPA.

Narrator: IT INVOLVES PERFORMING
SOME MICROSURGERY

ON AN ANAESTHETIZED
CATERPILLAR

THAT'S ABOUT TO TRANSFORM
INTO A BUCKEYE BUTTERFLY.

SO, OUR TARGET HERE IS TO REMOVE
WHAT WE CALL THE IMAGINAL DISC,

AND THIS IS WHAT WILL BECOME
THE FOREWING OF THE BUTTERFLY.

Narrator: BY HARMLESSLY REMOVING
THE IMAGINAL DISC,

A SECTION ON THE SIDE
OF THE PUPA

WILL BECOME
A TRANSPARENT WINDOW.

OKAY, SO NOW THAT OUR INCISION
HAS BEEN MADE,

WE CAN POP HIM BACK
INTO HIS CONTAINER OVER HERE.

AND HE'LL WAKE UP AND BE
GOOD TO GO AND EATING

AND MUNCHING LEAVES
IN AROUND 10 OR SO MINUTES.

Narrator:
A DAY-AND-A-HALF LATER,

THE CATERPILLAR HAS FORMED
A CHRYSALIS

AND THE WING IS VISIBLE
THROUGH THE WINDOW.

AND BEHIND AN OUTER MEMBRANE,

THOUSANDS OF COLORLESS SCALES
BEGIN TO GROW ACROSS IT.

ZOOMING IN, EACH SCALE
IS A SINGLE LARGE CELL,

70 TIMES THINNER
THAN A SHEET OF PAPER.

ALL ARE MADE OF CHITIN,

THE SAME MATERIAL FISH SCALES
ARE MADE OF.

SURPRISINGLY, FOR ONE OF
THE MOST COLORFUL CREATURES

ON EARTH, THESE WINGS HAVE
NO COLOR AT ALL.

SO, WHAT IS GOING ON?

INCREDIBLY, WITH THE GROUNDWORK
OF THE WING COMPLETE,

THE BUTTERFLY'S UNIQUE
GENETIC BLUEPRINT TRIGGER COLORS

INSIDE THE CHRYSALIS.

THE THOUSANDS OF INDIVIDUAL
SCALES ARRANGE THEMSELVES

LIKE PIXELS ON A TV
TO FORM CIRCLES, LINES,

AND OTHER SENSATIONAL SHAPES.

BROWN, YELLOW, AND BLACK SCALES
ARE COLORED

BY THE PIGMENT MELANIN,

THE SAME PIGMENT THAT GIVES
OUR HAIR AND SKIN ITS COLOR.

AND AS THE WINGS FLAP,
THE ANGLE OF THE SCALES CHANGE.

THIS MEANS DIFFERENT COLORS
ARE REFLECTED TOWARDS US,

MAKING WINGS APPEAR TO SHIMMER
AND CHANGE COLOR IN AN INSTANT.

AND THE SCALES'
COMPLEX STRUCTURES

PERFORM EVEN MORE VISUAL TRICKS.

EACH SCALE IS MADE UP OF TINY
LAYERS WITH AIR POCKETS

IN BETWEEN.

THE MULTIPLE LAYERS INCREASE HOW
MUCH LIGHT IS REFLECTED BACK,

SUPERCHARGING
THE WINGS' VIBRANCY.

THE RESULT IS A DISPLAY
OF NATURAL BEAUTY,

UNLIKE ANY OTHER
ANIMAL ON EARTH.

COMING UP, THE SECRET POWER
OF NATURE'S TINIEST BIRD.

♪♪

Narrator: FOR THE SMALLEST
BIRD IN THE WORLD,

A RAINDROP HITS LIKE
A TWO-POUND LIQUID CANNONBALL.

FOR HUMMINGBIRDS, GETTING
AIRBORNE WITH HUNDREDS OF DROPS

SMASHING ON TO THEM SEEMS LIKE
AN IMPOSSIBLE CHALLENGE.

BUT THESE LITTLE GUYS
HAVE A SECRET SKILL.

HOW DO HUMMINGBIRDS
FLY IN THE RAIN?

THERE ARE MORE THAN 300 SPECIES
OF HUMMINGBIRD.

SOME ARE JUST TWO INCHES TALL
AND WEIGH LESS THAN A PENNY.

BUT THEY'VE GOT BIG HEARTS.

REALLY BIG HEARTS.

IN FACT, SCALED UP
TO HUMAN SIZE,

THEIR TICKERS WOULD BE
AS BIG AS A MELON.

THEIR HEART PUMPS BLOOD
TO THEIR HUGE WING MUSCLES,

WHICH POWER THEM RIDICULOUSLY
FAST AT 80 FLAPS PER SECOND.

THESE ACES CAN OUT-MANEUVER
EVERY OTHER BIRD ON EARTH.

BUT TO FUEL THEIR FLYING
SUPERPOWER,

HUMMINGBIRDS NEED NECTAR EVERY
10 MINUTES, OR THEY'LL PASS OUT,

AND THEY MUST
KEEP FINDING FLOWERS...

[ THUNDER CRASHES ]

...EVEN IN THE FIERCEST STORM.

AT U.C. BERKELEY,
AN ANNA'S HUMMINGBIRD

FROM WASHINGTON STATE
IS GOING TO SHOW HOW

SHE PULLS OFF
THIS INCREDIBLE FEAT.

WHEN SHE'S DRY, THIS HUMMINGBIRD
WEIGHS LESS THAN HALF-AN-OUNCE.

BUT UNDER A SPRINKLER, WITH
WATER CLINGING TO HER FEATHERS,

SHE NOW WEIGHS
MORE THAN DOUBLE THAT.

SO, HOW'S SHE GOING
TO GET AIRBORNE?

OKAY, SO, DOGS SHAKE
WHEN THEY'RE WET, TOO,

BUT THE SPEED OF
THE HUMMINGBIRD SHAKE

MEANS THE FORCES ACTING
ON HER HEAD REACH 14 Gs.

A HUMAN WOULD PASS OUT AT 5 Gs.

SPECIAL OIL STOPS THE WATER
STICKING TO HER FEATHERS

AND ALLOWS ALMOST ALL OF IT
TO BE SHAKEN OFF

IN LESS THAN A SECOND.

NOW, LIGHT AGAIN,
THE HUMMINGBIRD NEEDS TO FEED.

FEEDING IN THE RAIN, SHE REDUCES
THE NUMBER OF RAINDROPS

SMASHING INTO HER WINGS
BY USING SHORT, SHALLOW FLAPS.

BUT SHALLOW FLAPS
MEAN LESS LIFT,

SO SHE INCREASES HER
FLAPPING RATE 19%.

AND WHEN SHE GETS WET AGAIN,
SHE DOES SOMETHING AMAZING.

THE HUMMINGBIRD MAKES THAT
14-G POWER SHAKE IN FLIGHT.

NO OTHER BIRD HAS
THE AERODYNAMIC CONTROL

TO DO THIS IN MID-AIR.

SO, ALL THIS TINY FLIER
HAS TO DO

IS SHAKE OFF THE EXCESS WEIGHT,
AND SHE'S GOOD TO GO.