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1
00:00:22,196 --> 00:00:25,690
Each of these eggs holds
the promise of an insect.
2
00:00:30,790 --> 00:00:34,060
It's been this way for 400 million years.
3
00:00:39,284 --> 00:00:42,920
These supreme survivors
dominate the Earth.
4
00:00:48,790 --> 00:00:51,399
Welcome to the world of bugs.
5
00:01:31,116 --> 00:01:34,004
Insects are essential
to life on our planet.
6
00:01:37,156 --> 00:01:40,004
They pollinate plants and recycle waste.
7
00:01:40,899 --> 00:01:42,516
By managing life and death,
8
00:01:42,927 --> 00:01:46,252
they are the true caretakers
of the natural world.
9
00:02:01,075 --> 00:02:05,256
Three quarters of all insect species
live here, in the rainforest.
10
00:02:19,635 --> 00:02:24,870
Moving through the tangled web of vines,
we journey into another world.
11
00:02:32,274 --> 00:02:34,892
Our story unfolds in
this ramshackle ruin,
12
00:02:35,014 --> 00:02:38,301
abandoned by humans,
in the heart of the jungle.
13
00:02:44,665 --> 00:02:47,125
Imagine you're the
size of your fingernail.
14
00:02:47,915 --> 00:02:52,455
Imagine you're in a place where
raindrops fall like cannonballs
15
00:02:52,908 --> 00:02:56,314
and a blade of grass
soars like a skyscraper.
16
00:03:04,391 --> 00:03:07,238
Now, imagine you're a bug.
17
00:03:44,515 --> 00:03:45,560
But beware:
18
00:03:46,134 --> 00:03:47,999
in this hostile world,
19
00:03:49,400 --> 00:03:51,315
danger lurks in every corner.
20
00:04:31,135 --> 00:04:32,400
Meet Papilio.
21
00:04:34,381 --> 00:04:36,109
Papilio is a caterpillar.
22
00:04:36,857 --> 00:04:37,896
At least, for now.
23
00:04:38,967 --> 00:04:41,543
A startling transformation
lies ahead of her.
24
00:04:51,171 --> 00:04:53,643
Papilio's egg case is filled with protein.
25
00:04:59,214 --> 00:05:01,881
A great head start for
her intrepid journey.
26
00:05:14,452 --> 00:05:16,090
This is Hierodula.
27
00:05:19,167 --> 00:05:20,690
He is a praying mantis.
28
00:05:32,947 --> 00:05:35,139
Hierodula is part of a big family,
29
00:05:36,174 --> 00:05:39,280
with as many as 200
brothers and sisters.
30
00:05:44,018 --> 00:05:45,789
In the first minute of his life,
31
00:05:46,228 --> 00:05:47,637
he slides down a thread
32
00:05:48,332 --> 00:05:50,685
and climbs his way up into the world,
33
00:05:51,113 --> 00:05:54,784
already a perfectly
formed mini mantis.
34
00:06:25,235 --> 00:06:26,558
Within a few days,
35
00:06:27,624 --> 00:06:30,882
this tiny hunter will have
caught his first meal:
36
00:06:31,063 --> 00:06:33,568
a fruit fly, the size of a crumb.
37
00:06:44,205 --> 00:06:47,509
This dragon head katydid is hungry.
38
00:06:48,102 --> 00:06:50,969
He's prowling the green streets for food.
39
00:07:05,567 --> 00:07:10,433
In the rainforest, you're on somebody's
menu from the moment you hatch.
40
00:07:20,900 --> 00:07:22,738
Papilio is safe, though.
41
00:07:27,509 --> 00:07:30,632
Like her, the katydid
is also a plant eater.
42
00:07:42,518 --> 00:07:46,061
Like all mantids, Hierodula is a carnivore.
43
00:07:47,166 --> 00:07:48,960
He eats meat.
44
00:07:51,198 --> 00:07:52,340
He lives alone.
45
00:07:52,875 --> 00:07:54,589
He hunts alone.
46
00:07:56,979 --> 00:07:59,808
Right now, he's grooming.
47
00:08:08,001 --> 00:08:12,839
Papilio's favourite food is citrus leaves
from the tree where she hatched.
48
00:08:13,763 --> 00:08:19,881
In just a few weeks, Papilio's
weight will increase 100 times.
49
00:08:23,567 --> 00:08:26,960
That's like you getting as heavy as a
hippopotamus in a weekend.
50
00:08:31,695 --> 00:08:35,530
As Papilio grows, fake eye spots appear.
51
00:08:36,377 --> 00:08:39,850
These make her look like a snake,
to help scare off attackers.
52
00:08:52,127 --> 00:08:53,833
A few weeks have passed,
53
00:08:54,425 --> 00:08:57,480
and Hierodula is now
a practiced predator.
54
00:09:04,554 --> 00:09:08,780
His weapons are the needle-sharp
spikes that line his hunting legs.
55
00:09:22,996 --> 00:09:26,963
To lock onto his target,
Hierodula has special eyes.
56
00:09:29,135 --> 00:09:34,053
Hundreds of separate lenses make each eye
super-sensitive to the slightest movement.
57
00:09:43,442 --> 00:09:48,300
With two eyes, distance can be judged with
deadly accuracy.
58
00:10:25,773 --> 00:10:29,180
He devours the head
and flight muscles first.
59
00:10:30,093 --> 00:10:32,866
These are the best bits,
packed with protein.
60
00:10:37,943 --> 00:10:40,276
Insects are eating machines.
61
00:10:40,933 --> 00:10:42,980
Nothing is safe from their jaws.
62
00:11:14,121 --> 00:11:15,341
A rotten banana.
63
00:11:16,326 --> 00:11:18,060
Heaven to a weevil beetle.
64
00:11:47,989 --> 00:11:53,380
These little suckers are aphids,
dining on the juice of a rosebud.
65
00:12:03,456 --> 00:12:09,142
Leafcutter ants work together,
to bring home a bumper harvest.
66
00:12:21,780 --> 00:12:24,790
Hierodula needs to make one kill a day.
67
00:12:30,451 --> 00:12:33,584
Papilio must keep on munching.
68
00:12:42,660 --> 00:12:44,363
There's no shortage
of greenery here,
69
00:12:45,231 --> 00:12:47,965
enough to satisfy even
the hungriest caterpillar.
70
00:12:58,396 --> 00:13:02,510
The tropical rainforests cover
only 2% of the Earth's surface.
71
00:13:03,949 --> 00:13:07,539
But they are home to most of the world's
species of animals and plants.
72
00:13:08,958 --> 00:13:10,101
And with good reason.
73
00:13:13,901 --> 00:13:16,301
The jungle has a magic recipe.
74
00:13:17,689 --> 00:13:21,708
Sun, steam, and lots of rain.
75
00:14:12,650 --> 00:14:13,721
In this weather,
76
00:14:14,639 --> 00:14:16,540
even bugs need umbrellas.
77
00:15:13,394 --> 00:15:18,490
In her search for food, Papilio has
strayed into a dangerous neighborhood.
78
00:15:22,213 --> 00:15:25,603
Her simple eyes can only
distinguish light from dark.
79
00:15:25,879 --> 00:15:27,790
She hasn't spotted Hierodula...
80
00:15:32,342 --> 00:15:36,333
...but he's already eaten,
and pays no attention.
81
00:15:39,581 --> 00:15:43,807
Like all insects, Hierodula wears
his skeleton on the outside.
82
00:15:47,455 --> 00:15:50,554
It's made of a strong and versatile
substance called chitin.
83
00:16:02,866 --> 00:16:06,790
On Hierodula, it's hard and
protects him like a suit of armor.
84
00:16:13,437 --> 00:16:16,790
A clash of chitin is beginning
on the floor below.
85
00:16:22,523 --> 00:16:23,523
The aim?
86
00:16:23,790 --> 00:16:24,904
Flip your opponent.
87
00:16:25,914 --> 00:16:26,942
The weapons?
88
00:16:27,218 --> 00:16:29,285
Three vicious chitin spikes.
89
00:16:33,495 --> 00:16:34,599
The prize?
90
00:16:34,666 --> 00:16:35,674
A female.
91
00:16:43,098 --> 00:16:44,105
The rules?
92
00:16:44,573 --> 00:16:47,144
First one to hit the deck is the loser.
93
00:17:18,095 --> 00:17:19,295
For their size,
94
00:17:19,610 --> 00:17:23,781
these rhinoceros beetles are amongst
the strongest creatures on Earth.
95
00:17:39,809 --> 00:17:41,855
Both gladiators
are battle-weary,
96
00:17:42,191 --> 00:17:45,675
but the winner still has
the strength to take a bow.
97
00:17:51,153 --> 00:17:52,840
His prize is waiting.
98
00:17:59,901 --> 00:18:02,233
The loser leaves town.
99
00:18:11,711 --> 00:18:13,974
Papilio is not built for battle,
100
00:18:14,705 --> 00:18:16,423
but she is a champion eater.
101
00:18:22,511 --> 00:18:25,832
To accommodate her
ever-expanding waistline,
102
00:18:26,213 --> 00:18:28,550
she wears a soft coat of chitin.
103
00:18:37,746 --> 00:18:43,136
It's their skill at getting around that
makes bugs world-class travelers.
104
00:20:09,474 --> 00:20:10,496
Back at the hut,
105
00:20:11,263 --> 00:20:15,436
Hierodula has outgrown his armor
and left it hanging on a branch.
106
00:20:24,517 --> 00:20:25,916
After shedding his shell,
107
00:20:26,151 --> 00:20:27,918
Hierodula is tired,
108
00:20:28,959 --> 00:20:30,050
and vulnerable.
109
00:20:31,822 --> 00:20:34,060
He must stay very still.
110
00:20:42,355 --> 00:20:43,880
The tables have turned.
111
00:20:45,150 --> 00:20:48,188
The hunter is now the hunted.
112
00:21:14,660 --> 00:21:16,717
A lucky escape for Hierodula,
113
00:21:18,081 --> 00:21:19,565
but not so for the cricket.
114
00:21:29,400 --> 00:21:33,452
Papilio is beginning her
extraordinary transformation.
115
00:21:35,088 --> 00:21:38,326
She's spun a single, silken thread,
116
00:21:39,474 --> 00:21:41,460
which suspends her from a stem.
117
00:21:47,198 --> 00:21:51,524
Within hours, her caterpillar
coat will split and peel away.
118
00:21:55,569 --> 00:21:59,517
Beneath, she is sheltered
inside a hard case.
119
00:22:10,713 --> 00:22:15,340
Disguised as a leaf, she is
safe from hungry eyes.
120
00:22:28,631 --> 00:22:31,157
The forest is full of such deceptions.
121
00:22:46,784 --> 00:22:48,832
A thorn bug is a thorn -
122
00:22:49,961 --> 00:22:51,650
- until its neighbor moves.
123
00:23:07,985 --> 00:23:11,830
In this forest, dead leaves walk.
124
00:23:29,078 --> 00:23:32,362
The trilobite beetle's armor
blends with the bark.
125
00:23:42,503 --> 00:23:44,659
Who would bother with a ball of fluff?
126
00:23:45,933 --> 00:23:48,548
It's a ladybird larva in disguise.
127
00:23:54,676 --> 00:23:55,846
Here's another defense:
128
00:23:56,261 --> 00:23:57,357
make a noise!
129
00:24:07,542 --> 00:24:09,796
Or, look big and mean.
130
00:24:12,966 --> 00:24:16,660
Though, show off too much,
and the plan backfires.
131
00:24:22,645 --> 00:24:24,070
To stay out of trouble,
132
00:24:24,756 --> 00:24:27,210
it's best not to stick out.
133
00:24:30,274 --> 00:24:32,704
Papilio is also still hidden.
134
00:24:33,967 --> 00:24:35,622
Camouflaged as a leaf.
135
00:24:37,526 --> 00:24:42,050
Inside, an astonishing
transformation has begun.
136
00:25:00,848 --> 00:25:02,328
Two weeks have passed.
137
00:25:03,055 --> 00:25:04,674
It's the dawn of a new day.
138
00:25:10,244 --> 00:25:13,633
For Papilio, it's a new beginning.
139
00:25:55,098 --> 00:25:57,294
In the miracle of metamorphosis,
140
00:25:58,328 --> 00:26:01,773
her caterpillar form has been
liquified into a milky soup,
141
00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:05,760
and reassembled as a butterfly.
142
00:27:14,661 --> 00:27:19,110
Papilio's adult life lasts
a mere few weeks.
143
00:27:22,751 --> 00:27:25,784
Her new wings slowly fill with blood.
144
00:27:38,098 --> 00:27:41,106
Her shimmering scales catch the warm sun.
145
00:27:50,852 --> 00:27:56,408
Only now can she discover
the freedom of flight.
146
00:28:34,129 --> 00:28:36,522
No longer a flat-footed caterpillar.
147
00:28:37,344 --> 00:28:40,560
Papilio has been quick to find a mate.
148
00:28:43,116 --> 00:28:46,486
Reproduction is what bugs do best.
149
00:28:47,627 --> 00:28:50,105
It's one of the reasons
they dominate the planet.
150
00:28:58,580 --> 00:29:01,122
There are, at least,
a billion billion
151
00:29:01,146 --> 00:29:02,487
insects on Earth.
152
00:29:03,394 --> 00:29:06,782
Just one square mile can
hold as many insects
153
00:29:06,963 --> 00:29:08,818
as there are people
on this planet.
154
00:29:10,240 --> 00:29:11,521
But where there are bugs,
155
00:29:12,466 --> 00:29:14,780
bug hunters will follow.
156
00:29:26,722 --> 00:29:29,086
This colony of
three million bats
157
00:29:29,438 --> 00:29:32,029
will devour more than
two and a half tons of
158
00:29:32,054 --> 00:29:33,755
insects every night.
159
00:29:57,133 --> 00:29:59,220
It's no safer on the ground.
160
00:30:09,905 --> 00:30:13,859
While some hunters of the
night will go out to dine,
161
00:30:25,315 --> 00:30:28,180
others wait for home delivery.
162
00:30:56,352 --> 00:31:00,723
After hours spent locked together,
the pair will soon part.
163
00:31:01,571 --> 00:31:06,940
Then Papilio will lay her eggs,
one by one, on citrus leaves.
164
00:31:09,947 --> 00:31:12,232
Hierodula is also courting.
165
00:31:13,090 --> 00:31:17,540
The female charms him with
a wiggle and a seductive scent.
166
00:31:21,871 --> 00:31:23,557
She cannot be trusted.
167
00:31:31,277 --> 00:31:34,275
For mantids, mating
is a dangerous game,
168
00:31:35,286 --> 00:31:39,200
in which females frequently bite
the heads off their admirers.
169
00:31:49,391 --> 00:31:52,019
Hierodula must advance with caution.
170
00:32:22,041 --> 00:32:25,921
He strokes the female's
back with his antennae.
171
00:32:30,081 --> 00:32:33,340
His survival depends on a delicate touch.
172
00:33:00,679 --> 00:33:02,555
One night like this,
173
00:33:02,944 --> 00:33:05,932
and two hundred mini-mantids will follow.
174
00:33:16,210 --> 00:33:18,380
Hierodula has played his part...
175
00:33:20,340 --> 00:33:21,766
and kept his head.
176
00:33:51,460 --> 00:33:53,959
Papilio has lost her appetite for leaves.
177
00:33:55,759 --> 00:33:57,637
Now she drinks sweet nectar.
178
00:34:05,310 --> 00:34:08,330
Hierodula starts the day with a wash.
179
00:34:12,542 --> 00:34:14,250
Hierodula is hungry.
180
00:34:28,678 --> 00:34:31,833
Papilio dips her
proboscis like a straw,
181
00:34:32,081 --> 00:34:34,783
deep into the
flowers, and drinks.
182
00:34:42,312 --> 00:34:45,312
As she moves from bloom to bloom,
she carries pollen.
183
00:34:46,055 --> 00:34:47,493
This service is crucial.
184
00:34:48,293 --> 00:34:49,598
Without pollination,
185
00:34:49,976 --> 00:34:52,179
flowers like these could not exist.
186
00:36:10,484 --> 00:36:13,810
Papilio's life has run a natural course.
187
00:36:21,753 --> 00:36:22,971
Against the odds,
188
00:36:23,216 --> 00:36:26,484
she has completed one of the
greatest journeys in nature,
189
00:36:26,991 --> 00:36:30,003
from caterpillar to butterfly.
190
00:36:44,595 --> 00:36:46,651
Though Papilio's life was brief,
191
00:36:49,085 --> 00:36:50,509
it has not been wasted.
192
00:37:14,462 --> 00:37:18,138
This wriggling, hungry
bug is Papilio's offspring.
193
00:37:23,547 --> 00:37:24,783
Just like its mother,
194
00:37:25,444 --> 00:37:30,105
this tiny caterpillar is beginning
its own intrepid journey.
195
00:37:32,380 --> 00:37:35,014
Joining trillions
of other insects,
196
00:37:35,674 --> 00:37:41,273
the latest recruit into the
extraordinary world of bugs.
197
00:38:15,249 --> 00:38:18,411
♪ Once, a lonely caterpillar ♪
♪ sat and cried ♪
198
00:38:18,830 --> 00:38:22,089
♪ to a sympathetic beetle by his side, ♪
199
00:38:23,563 --> 00:38:26,300
♪ "I've got nobody to hug, ♪
200
00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:29,880
♪ I'm such an ugly bug." ♪
201
00:38:29,944 --> 00:38:32,700
♪ Then a spider and a dragonfly replied, ♪
202
00:38:33,560 --> 00:38:37,653
♪ "If you're serious and ♪
♪ want to win a bride, ♪
203
00:38:37,677 --> 00:38:41,840
♪ come along with us ♪
♪ to the glorious annual ♪
204
00:38:41,840 --> 00:38:43,700
♪ Ugly Bug Ball." ♪
205
00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:49,160
♪ Come on, let's crawl, gotta crawl, ♪
♪ gotta crawl to the Ugly Bug Ball ♪
206
00:38:49,185 --> 00:38:54,072
♪ To the ball, to the ball, and a ♪
♪ happy time we'll have there ♪
207
00:38:54,977 --> 00:38:58,777
♪ One and all at the Ugly Bug Ball ♪
208
00:39:14,348 --> 00:39:17,490
♪ Then our caterpillar saw a pretty queen ♪
209
00:39:17,738 --> 00:39:21,652
♪ She was beautiful in yellow, ♪
♪ black, and green ♪
210
00:39:22,471 --> 00:39:25,938
♪ He said, "Would you care to dance?" ♪
211
00:39:26,128 --> 00:39:28,824
♪ Their dancing led to romance ♪
212
00:39:28,871 --> 00:39:31,842
♪ Then she sat upon his caterpillar knees ♪
213
00:39:32,309 --> 00:39:36,099
♪ And he gave his caterpillar ♪
♪ queen a squeeze ♪
214
00:39:36,540 --> 00:39:42,500
♪ Soon they'll honeymoon, build a big ♪
♪ cocoon, thanks to the Ugly Bug Ball ♪
215
00:39:42,855 --> 00:39:48,020
♪ Come on, let's crawl, gotta crawl, ♪
♪ gotta crawl to the Ugly Bug Ball ♪
216
00:39:48,075 --> 00:39:53,113
♪ To the ball, to the ball, and a ♪
♪ happy time we'll have there ♪
217
00:39:53,713 --> 00:39:57,635
♪ One and all, at the Ugly Bug Ball! ♪
17080
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