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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,230 --> 00:00:08,710 There is a lot of dispute about the Pony Express. 2 00:00:09,210 --> 00:00:14,150 Folks always wanted to know what was real and what was not. 3 00:00:15,590 --> 00:00:21,490 I can tell you with certainty the adventure was real. 4 00:00:22,030 --> 00:00:25,330 The danger we faced was real. 5 00:00:26,170 --> 00:00:31,250 The legends that were born, they were real enough. 6 00:00:31,790 --> 00:00:34,570 I should know because I was there. 7 00:00:35,160 --> 00:00:37,820 And those boys were my friends. 8 00:00:44,360 --> 00:00:50,480 A lot of folks forget that the Pony Express was only around for 18 months. 9 00:00:50,880 --> 00:00:55,940 Just a blink of an eye. But in that short time, we changed the course of our 10 00:00:55,940 --> 00:01:01,480 history and gave this country a generation of heroes to call our own. 11 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:04,400 say it was a legendary time. 12 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:15,160 What town's that, Paul? 13 00:01:15,800 --> 00:01:17,920 That there's our state capital, Sacramento. 14 00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:20,140 It sure don't look like much. 15 00:01:20,480 --> 00:01:21,480 I suppose it don't. 16 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:23,000 Give it time. 17 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:25,560 This country's growing mighty fast. 18 00:01:26,080 --> 00:01:28,200 It's towns like that that are going to lead us forward. 19 00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:30,520 Come on, let's get down there. 20 00:01:32,300 --> 00:01:37,820 Beginning in 1848 and 1849 with the Gold Rush, the population explosion in the 21 00:01:37,820 --> 00:01:38,900 West was massive. 22 00:01:39,380 --> 00:01:42,320 Over half a million people lived there by the time of the Civil War. 23 00:01:42,990 --> 00:01:46,890 So as all these hundreds of thousands of people pushed westward, it started to 24 00:01:46,890 --> 00:01:49,310 push the limits of the nation's infrastructure. 25 00:01:49,610 --> 00:01:53,290 There was no transcontinental railroad at the time, and there was also no 26 00:01:53,290 --> 00:01:58,290 telegraph. So if you wanted to send a letter from New York to San Francisco, 27 00:01:58,290 --> 00:01:59,610 basically had two options. 28 00:01:59,870 --> 00:02:04,230 You could send the letter by steamship down the Atlantic coast, across Panama, 29 00:02:04,410 --> 00:02:06,810 and then up the Pacific to San Francisco. 30 00:02:07,250 --> 00:02:11,370 Or you could send it overland with the Butterfield mail route. 31 00:02:11,900 --> 00:02:15,380 This was a route that made its way across the southern third of the 32 00:02:15,660 --> 00:02:20,020 In both cases, it could take quite a long time, up to three to four weeks for 33 00:02:20,020 --> 00:02:21,020 the letter to arrive. 34 00:02:21,140 --> 00:02:25,720 Without reliable, fast communication, you can't run a business and you 35 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:28,280 can't run a country. Plain and simple. 36 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:30,520 But there is a third option. 37 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:35,600 So the third option is the central route through the middle of the country. This 38 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:41,430 route that is shorter, but it's more difficult and it's... dangerous, arid, 39 00:02:41,550 --> 00:02:44,190 and that's the route that the Pony Express chose. 40 00:02:44,510 --> 00:02:49,550 So the idea behind the Pony Express was to build a system of relay stations, 41 00:02:49,830 --> 00:02:55,890 about 190 stations in total, spanning nearly 2 ,000 miles and running from 42 00:02:55,890 --> 00:02:59,750 Missouri in the east to California in the west. 43 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,320 A rider would take a bag of mail and ride it as fast as he could from one 44 00:03:05,320 --> 00:03:09,980 station to the next. At the next station, he'd either change horses for a 45 00:03:09,980 --> 00:03:12,740 mount or hand off the bag to a new rider. 46 00:03:13,060 --> 00:03:18,400 And it improved the time down to 10 to 12 days for a letter to make its way 47 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:19,860 across this system. 48 00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:23,600 The clock was always ticking, and not a second could be wasted. 49 00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:26,160 That was the only way it would work. 50 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:42,640 They're coming. 51 00:03:45,340 --> 00:03:49,620 The station master served an essential logistical role. They would get the 52 00:03:49,620 --> 00:03:52,080 ready 30 minutes before a rider was supposed to arrive. 53 00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:55,400 They'd have food. They'd have water. They'd have feed for the horses. 54 00:03:55,620 --> 00:03:57,980 So they were indispensable to this route. 55 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:00,420 Howdy, Sam. How'd it go? 56 00:04:00,740 --> 00:04:01,519 How'd it go? 57 00:04:01,520 --> 00:04:02,520 They haven't got me yet. 58 00:04:02,660 --> 00:04:05,760 Well, some horse is a heartbeat away, isn't it? You got that right. 59 00:04:06,920 --> 00:04:12,280 needed really fast transfers at those stations. Once the rider got there, they 60 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:14,500 only had two minutes to switch mounts. 61 00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:15,319 All right. 62 00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:16,320 That's it. 63 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:19,279 We'll catch you on the return, Sam. 64 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:21,640 Farewell, Bill. 65 00:04:21,980 --> 00:04:24,860 So the station masters really kept it moving. 66 00:04:27,220 --> 00:04:32,340 The chilla was a very small bag that can carry mail. It was something that a 67 00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:35,820 rider could throw onto their saddle in seconds and then be on their way. 68 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:40,880 The important thing about the mochila was that it fit over the saddle so the 69 00:04:40,880 --> 00:04:45,760 rider could fit on it. There was no chance of it coming off or being lost. 70 00:04:46,180 --> 00:04:49,960 That was the responsibility of that Pony Express rider. You could lose a horse, 71 00:04:50,120 --> 00:04:53,700 you could lose anything else, but you don't lose that saddlebag. 72 00:04:54,080 --> 00:04:58,060 Different horses were required for different kinds of terrain. So 73 00:04:58,060 --> 00:05:02,040 were used on the plains, pintos were used in the middle, and the mustangs 74 00:05:02,040 --> 00:05:03,960 used in Nevada and then here in Nevada. 75 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:09,740 Each horse could carry no more than 165 pounds. 76 00:05:10,180 --> 00:05:11,360 Speed was everything. 77 00:05:11,580 --> 00:05:14,140 You wanted to keep things as light as possible. 78 00:05:20,420 --> 00:05:26,580 So a maximum of about 20 pounds for the male itself, 20 pounds for supplies, and 79 00:05:26,580 --> 00:05:30,620 that left only 125 pounds for the rider himself. 80 00:05:42,760 --> 00:05:47,300 These recruitment posters, they look like wanted posters with criminals and 81 00:05:47,300 --> 00:05:49,200 wanted and big bold letters. 82 00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:55,600 And so young kids, teenagers, preteens, they saw these posters and they 83 00:05:55,600 --> 00:06:01,000 connected that with adventure and excitement and this romanticized ideal 84 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,840 West. And many of them bought into it and signed up. 85 00:06:09,610 --> 00:06:14,130 Charlie Miller and his father were on East Street in Sacramento when they came 86 00:06:14,130 --> 00:06:17,610 across a horse without a rider and blood on the saddle. 87 00:06:18,370 --> 00:06:23,250 They quickly realized that this is a Queen Express horse, so something 88 00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:24,530 to that rider onward. 89 00:06:25,130 --> 00:06:26,650 Whoa, easy, boy. 90 00:06:28,210 --> 00:06:29,210 It's okay. 91 00:06:29,470 --> 00:06:30,470 You're safe. 92 00:06:31,210 --> 00:06:32,210 You're all right. 93 00:06:34,170 --> 00:06:35,170 Okay. 94 00:06:35,550 --> 00:06:38,910 The schedule was like a religion for these boys. 95 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:45,190 No matter what danger they face, they push forward, happier to die in the 96 00:06:45,190 --> 00:06:48,930 than lose a single minute on the trail. 97 00:06:49,330 --> 00:06:52,590 We have all been witness to agree this act today. 98 00:06:53,170 --> 00:06:56,530 The loss of our rider will not go unmarked. 99 00:06:56,770 --> 00:07:01,910 His memory will be held dear and his service will be remembered. 100 00:07:02,670 --> 00:07:06,170 But I turn to you now with a more urgent request. 101 00:07:06,990 --> 00:07:09,270 There's important work that needs to be completed. 102 00:07:10,310 --> 00:07:13,730 Letters that must reach Carson City before nightfall. 103 00:07:14,110 --> 00:07:17,970 Is there any among you who could carry on this important mission? 104 00:07:25,230 --> 00:07:26,610 Is there no one? 105 00:07:30,550 --> 00:07:34,130 I can do it. I can take the mail. 106 00:07:37,900 --> 00:07:39,040 Can you ride, son? 107 00:07:39,580 --> 00:07:41,400 Yeah. He's a great rider. 108 00:07:42,220 --> 00:07:43,220 Are you sure? 109 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:47,460 Well, it's got to be done. 110 00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:49,920 Then let's get you sorted out. 111 00:08:03,560 --> 00:08:07,380 For young men thinking about riding for the Pony Express, there are a couple 112 00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:14,380 reasons. One, the pay was good, about $125 a month. But for a lot of these 113 00:08:14,380 --> 00:08:17,880 men, it was much more about the excitement and the adventure. 114 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:21,460 Raise your right hand and place your left hand on the Bible. 115 00:08:22,340 --> 00:08:23,660 Now repeat after me. 116 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:25,240 I, Charlie Miller. 117 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:31,320 do hereby swear before a great and living God. I, Charlie Miller, do hereby 118 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:33,820 swear in front of a great and living God. 119 00:08:34,140 --> 00:08:39,000 That I will, under no circumstances, use profane language, I will drink no 120 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:44,159 intoxicating liquors, and I will not quarrel with any other employee of the 121 00:08:44,159 --> 00:08:50,360 firm. Every new employee had to take an oath, promising they wouldn't swear, 122 00:08:50,680 --> 00:08:53,640 they wouldn't drink, and they wouldn't fight with other employees. 123 00:08:54,020 --> 00:08:55,140 Now, these are young men. 124 00:08:55,500 --> 00:08:59,940 So it's unclear how many of them necessarily stuck with that oath, but in 125 00:08:59,940 --> 00:09:02,480 to get hired, they had to say the words. 126 00:09:02,780 --> 00:09:08,300 I will conduct myself honestly, be faithful to my duties, so help me God. 127 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:13,940 Welcome to the Point Express, son. 128 00:09:14,420 --> 00:09:15,420 Thank you, sir. 129 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:18,420 Let's get you geared up and ready for the trip. 130 00:09:19,020 --> 00:09:23,560 The riders were given a limited amount of gear, again, about 20 pounds. 131 00:09:24,010 --> 00:09:28,850 They were given a rifle, a Colt Navy revolver, a Bible, and a bugle. 132 00:09:29,830 --> 00:09:31,350 Why don't you try that on for size? 133 00:09:36,510 --> 00:09:39,130 You sure you can handle that? I think so. 134 00:09:40,090 --> 00:09:41,810 Perhaps we can stick with the Colt. 135 00:09:43,830 --> 00:09:45,950 After all, it'll be lighter for the horse. 136 00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:49,730 Most riders started leaving their rifles behind. 137 00:09:49,950 --> 00:09:50,950 They were... 138 00:09:51,050 --> 00:09:53,930 heavy, they were cumbersome, they were difficult to carry around. 139 00:09:54,170 --> 00:09:57,230 And again, Speed was the name of the game. So when these boys went out there, 140 00:09:57,310 --> 00:09:58,630 all they had was that Colt pistol. 141 00:09:59,390 --> 00:10:00,390 Listen to me, son. 142 00:10:00,630 --> 00:10:03,690 Once you leave Sacramento, you ride fast and you ride hard. 143 00:10:03,970 --> 00:10:07,190 And you don't stop for anyone or anything. You got that? I won't stop 144 00:10:07,190 --> 00:10:08,830 Carson's safe. I promise. 145 00:10:10,170 --> 00:10:11,170 That's my boy. 146 00:10:13,030 --> 00:10:14,030 I'll see you soon, son. 147 00:10:24,460 --> 00:10:29,380 Charlie Miller was the youngest rider in the history of the Pony Express. 148 00:10:29,880 --> 00:10:33,660 He was wounded twice by arrows, but the boy survived. 149 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,180 Charlie was one of the lucky ones. 150 00:10:36,460 --> 00:10:38,780 Others were not so fortunate. 151 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:56,940 The Pony Express was a great achievement to be sure. 152 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:03,560 But we must not forget the Indians of this land who didn't look kindly on the 153 00:11:03,560 --> 00:11:09,620 incursion. This was their home. And suddenly, it was filled with uninvited 154 00:11:09,620 --> 00:11:12,380 guests at their front door, clamoring to get in. 155 00:11:12,620 --> 00:11:16,180 For some of them, the Pony Express was a threat. 156 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:18,660 And its employees? 157 00:11:19,740 --> 00:11:20,840 A target. 158 00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:31,920 One of the riders named Billy Tate, he came west with his family from Arkansas 159 00:11:31,920 --> 00:11:36,200 in a wagon train. His family was killed in the Mountain Meadows Massacre. 160 00:11:36,480 --> 00:11:39,740 And in 1860, he was hired to ride for the Pony Express. 161 00:11:40,280 --> 00:11:46,180 Billy Tate ran away and headed west to start a new life on his own terms. 162 00:11:46,580 --> 00:11:51,980 But unfortunately, violence followed Billy to his very last day. 163 00:11:52,460 --> 00:11:55,660 The Paiute lived in Nevada and Utah for over a thousand years. 164 00:11:56,120 --> 00:11:59,580 This was tough land, but they were able to find a way of living that worked for 165 00:11:59,580 --> 00:12:04,240 them. Beginning in the 1830s, that's when overland transportation really 166 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:09,020 and you start seeing settlers come through there, geographers, surveyors, 167 00:12:09,020 --> 00:12:09,819 like that. 168 00:12:09,820 --> 00:12:15,120 But it wasn't until the 1850s that the slow trickle of settlers turned into a 169 00:12:15,120 --> 00:12:19,570 flood. Thousands and thousands of people, mainly seeking gold and silver, 170 00:12:19,810 --> 00:12:23,610 started to pour onto traditional Paiute land. 171 00:12:23,970 --> 00:12:28,490 As all these people moved onto that land, they increasingly burdened the 172 00:12:28,490 --> 00:12:31,110 resources of this fragile landscape. 173 00:12:31,490 --> 00:12:33,250 Tensions were running high. 174 00:12:33,470 --> 00:12:37,690 This wasn't just a competition for scarce resources, but from the Paiute 175 00:12:37,690 --> 00:12:40,650 perspective, this was an invasion of their homeland. 176 00:12:41,240 --> 00:12:45,100 This was about a 15 -year period of animosity that built up. 177 00:12:45,440 --> 00:12:49,320 Sometimes there'd be certain incidents that would happen, the Paiutes who would 178 00:12:49,320 --> 00:12:53,360 retaliate against the next wagon train coming through. You didn't know when and 179 00:12:53,360 --> 00:12:55,760 where the Paiutes were going to hit, but you know they're going to hit. 180 00:12:55,980 --> 00:13:01,160 The events that led to Billy Tate's adventure really began in 1860 with the 181 00:13:01,160 --> 00:13:03,800 kidnapping of two Paiute women by white settlers. 182 00:13:04,060 --> 00:13:08,960 That then led to the William Station Massacre, which killed five white 183 00:13:09,340 --> 00:13:11,900 This was basically the backdrop now for Billy Tate. 184 00:13:28,900 --> 00:13:35,760 The way the story goes is that Billy Tate is ambushed by 185 00:13:35,760 --> 00:13:38,420 Paiute horsemen in central Nevada. 186 00:13:39,020 --> 00:13:40,020 in the Ruby Valley. 187 00:13:59,340 --> 00:14:01,860 Billy's on the run, so he retreats into the hill. 188 00:14:03,260 --> 00:14:08,000 He dismounts his horse and then tries to find shelter. 189 00:14:16,750 --> 00:14:20,270 We need to remember that there weren't any forts in northern Nevada at this 190 00:14:20,270 --> 00:14:21,189 point in time. 191 00:14:21,190 --> 00:14:23,330 So there was really no safe harbor for him. 192 00:14:23,730 --> 00:14:26,130 And he apparently took the wrong route. 193 00:14:27,530 --> 00:14:29,430 And he soon finds himself trapped. 194 00:14:35,190 --> 00:14:39,550 Billy Tate had to contend with not only the environment, but also the fact that 195 00:14:39,550 --> 00:14:42,030 the Paiute would have known their way around this area. 196 00:14:43,010 --> 00:14:45,790 So instead of escaping, Billy's trapped. 197 00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:49,060 He knows it, so he decides to make the last stand. 198 00:15:02,340 --> 00:15:06,300 Unfortunately for Billy, he left his rifle behind, so he only had his colt, 199 00:15:06,300 --> 00:15:09,660 which wouldn't do him any favors in a firefight for his life. 200 00:15:29,160 --> 00:15:33,320 Young Billy's mail did arrive at the next station a few days later. 201 00:15:33,680 --> 00:15:37,320 But unfortunately, Billy was not there to accompany it. 202 00:15:41,740 --> 00:15:43,360 I don't like the look of this. 203 00:15:44,940 --> 00:15:46,080 Keep your guard up. 204 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:47,600 Could be a trap. 205 00:15:52,420 --> 00:15:56,920 Ponies are very intelligent animals. In Billy's case, his pony actually made it 206 00:15:56,920 --> 00:15:57,920 all the way to the station. 207 00:15:58,560 --> 00:15:59,640 Because that's where Spoo was. 208 00:16:09,940 --> 00:16:10,940 Tate Pony. 209 00:16:11,500 --> 00:16:12,720 So where's Tate? 210 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:16,120 I guess we better go find out. 211 00:16:18,120 --> 00:16:23,620 All they could do was backtrack and look for Billy somewhere along the trail. 212 00:16:27,150 --> 00:16:28,210 How long are we gonna look? 213 00:16:28,970 --> 00:16:30,330 As long as it takes. 214 00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:34,430 Did you see something? 215 00:16:35,410 --> 00:16:36,610 I think I found him. 216 00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:57,040 He killed them all. 217 00:16:58,120 --> 00:16:59,120 Not quite. 218 00:17:00,620 --> 00:17:01,620 Some got away. 219 00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:03,480 Wounded, though. 220 00:17:19,460 --> 00:17:20,640 Rest in peace, Billy. 221 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:26,319 When the station master comes across Billy's body, he finds it riddled with 222 00:17:26,319 --> 00:17:30,320 arrows, but he also finds his revolver chamber empty and several dead Paiutes 223 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:35,440 nearby. He made every bullet count. He killed several, wounded the rest, but 224 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:37,560 unfortunately he too was shot and killed. 225 00:17:39,980 --> 00:17:44,600 Young Billy was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in the Ruby Valley. 226 00:17:45,040 --> 00:17:49,820 Nobody knows where for sure, but I'll tell you something special. 227 00:17:50,430 --> 00:17:55,590 Billy Tate was not scouted by the Paiutes that day, even though that was 228 00:17:55,590 --> 00:18:02,250 practice. No, see, the boy fought bravely, and this was their way of 229 00:18:02,250 --> 00:18:03,250 paying him respect. 230 00:18:03,890 --> 00:18:09,210 But not everyone was shown that same respect. 231 00:18:15,550 --> 00:18:18,850 Riding for the Pony Express was dangerous work. 232 00:18:20,360 --> 00:18:26,780 Trust me when I say the most dangerous job fell to the station masters who were 233 00:18:26,780 --> 00:18:31,500 sitting ducks in their outposts. At least the riders could run for their 234 00:18:31,500 --> 00:18:32,500 when threatened. 235 00:18:32,620 --> 00:18:37,900 But the station masters, on the other hand, they had to wait and hope for the 236 00:18:37,900 --> 00:18:38,900 best. 237 00:18:54,700 --> 00:18:57,820 Pony Express stations were literally in the middle of nowhere. 238 00:18:58,040 --> 00:19:00,400 There were no cities, no towns. 239 00:19:00,780 --> 00:19:05,300 Nearest help could be miles and miles away. That was their entire point, to be 240 00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:09,340 an oasis in the landscape for these riders to come into. 241 00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:12,220 But these were not luxury apartments. 242 00:19:12,420 --> 00:19:15,620 These were effectively a shack and a stable. 243 00:19:15,860 --> 00:19:20,540 So the station masters who lived there were living in extreme isolation. 244 00:19:24,970 --> 00:19:25,970 You want some eggs? 245 00:19:26,490 --> 00:19:27,510 Yeah, I'd be fine. 246 00:19:28,730 --> 00:19:29,990 Make some for Dan, too. 247 00:19:30,690 --> 00:19:31,870 He's late, isn't he? 248 00:19:32,510 --> 00:19:34,070 He should be here. 249 00:19:38,410 --> 00:19:39,610 Let me go get it. 250 00:19:43,090 --> 00:19:46,650 There are three things that made these stations a target for attack. 251 00:19:47,070 --> 00:19:49,410 First, they had food and water. 252 00:19:49,810 --> 00:19:51,390 Second, they had horses. 253 00:19:51,670 --> 00:19:53,510 And third, they were stationary. 254 00:19:54,060 --> 00:19:57,140 They weren't going anywhere, so you knew exactly where they were. 255 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:03,080 Oh, no. 256 00:20:03,460 --> 00:20:04,460 We are trouble! 257 00:20:16,980 --> 00:20:21,940 1860 was a tough time to be on the western half of the Pony Express Trail. 258 00:20:22,410 --> 00:20:24,630 It was the hotbed of violence, essentially. 259 00:20:24,930 --> 00:20:25,930 Take your rifle! 260 00:20:26,490 --> 00:20:28,650 No, no, this isn't happening. 261 00:20:32,190 --> 00:20:33,190 Hey! 262 00:20:39,150 --> 00:20:41,090 Keep your cool, okay? 263 00:21:04,110 --> 00:21:05,150 The chief is angry. 264 00:21:06,050 --> 00:21:07,390 His people are angry. 265 00:21:08,130 --> 00:21:09,890 And they're here to take our lives. 266 00:21:11,930 --> 00:21:14,410 Unless... Unless what? 267 00:21:15,850 --> 00:21:17,310 They want our gunpowder. 268 00:21:19,670 --> 00:21:20,670 Tell them no. 269 00:21:20,690 --> 00:21:22,630 They're gonna kill us! I said no! 270 00:21:34,250 --> 00:21:35,650 Now, why would he refuse that? 271 00:21:36,450 --> 00:21:40,270 He doesn't want that gunpowder to be used against migrants, against riders, 272 00:21:40,450 --> 00:21:42,430 against other station masters down the line. 273 00:21:52,730 --> 00:21:53,730 Well, 274 00:21:54,030 --> 00:21:55,850 what are they saying now? Hold on. 275 00:21:56,370 --> 00:21:57,630 Come on, what are they saying? 276 00:21:59,970 --> 00:22:01,890 They want food. 277 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:08,440 In that moment, there was a glimmer of hope for these men. 278 00:22:08,860 --> 00:22:14,100 If they shared their food, then maybe there was a chance for them after all. 279 00:22:14,460 --> 00:22:18,260 To be clear, we need to make sure that we don't vilify the Paiute. 280 00:22:18,540 --> 00:22:25,060 Not only have they had this generation's worth of bad experiences and bad 281 00:22:25,060 --> 00:22:29,540 encounters and massacres with white settlers, but on top of that, they had a 282 00:22:29,540 --> 00:22:31,340 very bad harvest the previous winter. 283 00:22:31,740 --> 00:22:36,720 They were starving. They were in very bad condition. And this was a very 284 00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:38,580 vulnerable time for that people. 285 00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:53,060 This is all we have. 286 00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:55,680 It's for you. 287 00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:59,120 It's for all. 288 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:35,440 What's he saying? 289 00:23:35,900 --> 00:23:36,940 This is no good. 290 00:23:37,420 --> 00:23:38,420 They need bread. 291 00:23:38,900 --> 00:23:40,220 They want us to make bread. 292 00:23:40,460 --> 00:23:41,980 Well, make them bread. I can't. 293 00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:43,520 That was all the flour. 294 00:23:47,140 --> 00:23:48,140 We gotta go! 295 00:23:48,740 --> 00:23:50,040 Now! Now! 296 00:23:50,740 --> 00:23:51,740 Mr. Ford! 297 00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:53,240 Mr. Ford! 298 00:23:57,280 --> 00:24:00,240 Any hope for them should have been gone. 299 00:24:00,780 --> 00:24:03,700 But William Dennis was watching from a nearby ridge. 300 00:24:03,900 --> 00:24:09,200 The Pony Express rider that was scheduled to arrive there that very 301 00:24:09,200 --> 00:24:10,680 he had to get help. 302 00:24:11,300 --> 00:24:16,180 He goes down to the nearest Army detachment and alerts them to the fact 303 00:24:16,180 --> 00:24:18,280 there's possible trouble at Egan Station. 304 00:24:37,930 --> 00:24:41,630 Lieutenant Stephen Weed launches a charge on Eakin Canyon Station. 305 00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:44,790 They chase out the Paiutes after a firefight. 306 00:24:45,230 --> 00:24:48,930 Three of their men are wounded. They kill several Paiutes and injure several 307 00:24:48,930 --> 00:24:51,970 more. The cavalry literally rode to the rescue. 308 00:24:52,250 --> 00:24:55,650 Many station employees lost their lives that year. 309 00:24:55,930 --> 00:24:59,910 But the Paiutes weren't the only ones known to attack. 310 00:25:02,050 --> 00:25:03,410 Whoa there, friend. 311 00:25:08,270 --> 00:25:13,810 The Pony Express faced many threats from Indians, but it also faced threats from 312 00:25:13,810 --> 00:25:16,730 thieves, bandits, and murderers alike. 313 00:25:17,050 --> 00:25:23,390 In these violent days, a brave few rose to protect the weak. And the greatest 314 00:25:23,390 --> 00:25:30,310 amongst them was my dear friend, James Butler Hickok. He wasn't known as 315 00:25:30,310 --> 00:25:31,850 Wild Bill in those days. 316 00:25:32,090 --> 00:25:36,170 No, at the age of 24, he was just a young hero in the making. 317 00:25:42,350 --> 00:25:47,070 The Wild Bill Hickok's involvement in the Pony Express has taken a lot of 318 00:25:47,070 --> 00:25:50,890 different forms over the years through the historical channel. 319 00:25:51,330 --> 00:25:53,250 Some say he was a stock tender. 320 00:25:53,570 --> 00:25:56,870 Some say he was sort of an auxiliary member of the mail service. 321 00:25:57,210 --> 00:26:01,970 Buffalo Bill, William Frederick Cody, says that he was a rider, a courier. 322 00:26:02,250 --> 00:26:05,250 Wild Bill's fame did not come until 1867. 323 00:26:05,740 --> 00:26:10,780 I think that the Rock Creek episode in Hickok's career helps to establish his 324 00:26:10,780 --> 00:26:14,300 fame. His reputation was unknown at that time. 325 00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:21,940 According to legend, while Bill blew his bugle, didn't hear anything in return, 326 00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:24,860 and this alerted him to the fact that something was up. 327 00:26:37,930 --> 00:26:38,930 I don't like to see it. 328 00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:32,760 Whoa there, friend. 329 00:27:38,060 --> 00:27:43,540 According to legend, Wild Bill comes into the station, finds the dead stock 330 00:27:43,540 --> 00:27:46,120 tender, and then hears screaming in an adjacent cabin. 331 00:27:46,360 --> 00:27:49,400 The stock tender had just gotten married, and that was his young bride. 332 00:27:49,740 --> 00:27:51,700 No! No! No! 333 00:27:54,980 --> 00:27:57,960 What are you doing? Shut up! 334 00:27:59,020 --> 00:28:00,120 Back away from her! 335 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:13,600 Second only to Wild Bill's reputation as a marksman is his reputation with hand 336 00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:14,600 -to -hand combat. 337 00:28:15,840 --> 00:28:18,240 Oh, I don't know who you are. 338 00:28:18,660 --> 00:28:19,820 That's if you leave. 339 00:28:20,820 --> 00:28:23,120 We're long past that, friend. 340 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:25,940 Sit down. 341 00:28:35,470 --> 00:28:41,090 The incident at Rock Creek Station solidified Hickok's reputation as a 342 00:28:41,250 --> 00:28:46,250 Whether by revolver, knife, or his bare hands, the man was ferocious. 343 00:28:46,510 --> 00:28:50,150 He never backed down from a fight. Now, I'm talking about a fight with one guy, 344 00:28:50,310 --> 00:28:52,770 two guys, three guys. It didn't matter. 345 00:28:52,990 --> 00:28:55,570 He didn't start a fight, but he finished the fight. 346 00:29:12,520 --> 00:29:13,560 You all right, ma 'am? 347 00:29:13,780 --> 00:29:14,780 I think so. 348 00:29:16,320 --> 00:29:17,600 Are you going after him? 349 00:29:17,900 --> 00:29:19,760 No, I reckon I'll stay here with you. 350 00:29:21,660 --> 00:29:23,000 He ain't coming back. 351 00:29:23,900 --> 00:29:27,280 The man who escaped was the sole survivor of McCandless Gang. 352 00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:32,700 According to legend, they were picked for the meanest, wickedest gun flingers 353 00:29:32,700 --> 00:29:33,760 west of the Mississippi. 354 00:29:34,380 --> 00:29:35,380 Thank you, stranger. 355 00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:37,140 My name's Hickok. 356 00:29:38,060 --> 00:29:39,320 Thank you, Mr. Hickok. 357 00:29:39,580 --> 00:29:40,580 I'm sure you're all right. 358 00:29:41,870 --> 00:29:43,850 Let's get you out of here. Come on. Come on. 359 00:29:46,050 --> 00:29:49,390 This is Wild Bill's first gunfight. 360 00:29:49,630 --> 00:29:51,930 From there, the legend grew. 361 00:29:52,210 --> 00:29:56,410 He becomes a storied gunslinger in the American West. 362 00:29:56,730 --> 00:30:03,150 He was not a typical gunfighter. Hickok dressed exceedingly well. He was a 363 00:30:03,150 --> 00:30:07,410 gentleman. He could get along with everybody. A classic American citizen. 364 00:30:12,400 --> 00:30:15,640 This wagon will take you and your husband to Nebraska City. 365 00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:17,500 Wait, where are you going? 366 00:30:18,240 --> 00:30:19,580 Do your calls, ma 'am. 367 00:30:20,060 --> 00:30:21,400 I have to complete my ride. 368 00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:23,280 Please, won't you come? 369 00:30:23,620 --> 00:30:24,620 My condolences. 370 00:30:25,840 --> 00:30:26,960 I must be going. 371 00:30:28,260 --> 00:30:29,260 Ma 'am. 372 00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:38,480 After the incident at Rock Creek, folks took to calling him Wild Bill. 373 00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:41,920 And he gladly accepted the new moniker. 374 00:30:43,940 --> 00:30:47,780 The Pony Express faced a heap of trouble in its time. 375 00:30:47,980 --> 00:30:49,680 But it was worth all of it. 376 00:30:50,160 --> 00:30:53,120 Just to deliver one letter. 377 00:31:06,540 --> 00:31:09,600 New York has given Lincoln a majority of 50 ,000. 378 00:31:10,100 --> 00:31:12,680 And with that, his election is conceded. 379 00:31:13,460 --> 00:31:19,020 With the triumph of the Republicans in each of the free states, Abraham Lincoln 380 00:31:19,020 --> 00:31:21,760 is the new president of the United States. 381 00:31:25,040 --> 00:31:30,060 In March 1861, a very important message from Washington needed to make its way 382 00:31:30,060 --> 00:31:31,760 to California as fast as possible. 383 00:31:32,160 --> 00:31:36,100 The transcontinental telegraph line was being built, but it wasn't quite yet 384 00:31:36,100 --> 00:31:40,200 complete. The West Coast had telegraph lines, the East Coast and the Midwest 385 00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:43,880 telegraph lines, but she had that gap right in the middle. So a telegraph 386 00:31:43,880 --> 00:31:48,060 message that was sent from Washington, D .C. could make it all the way to Fort 387 00:31:48,060 --> 00:31:49,140 Kearney, Nebraska. 388 00:31:49,560 --> 00:31:54,660 But then there was a 1 ,300 -mile gap between there and Nevada. 389 00:31:55,020 --> 00:31:59,080 That 1 ,300 -mile gap was filled by the Pony Express. 390 00:32:05,800 --> 00:32:10,900 They had fresh horses staged along the way, so they could get on that next 391 00:32:10,900 --> 00:32:11,859 and go. 392 00:32:11,860 --> 00:32:14,220 Cover that ground as fast as they could. 393 00:32:19,540 --> 00:32:22,500 They had to have their best riders, fastest horses. 394 00:32:24,700 --> 00:32:28,200 For the Pony Express, this had to be their finest hour. 395 00:32:29,580 --> 00:32:34,540 Mighty tight turnover today. 396 00:32:35,420 --> 00:32:36,420 Important message. 397 00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:38,000 What's in it? 398 00:32:38,540 --> 00:32:39,800 Later from the president. 399 00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:43,480 Hope he makes it. 400 00:32:44,420 --> 00:32:45,420 He will. 401 00:32:46,940 --> 00:32:50,660 One of those riders was a man named Pony Bob Haslam. 402 00:32:50,880 --> 00:32:55,400 He had been with the company since the beginning. He had been hired to help 403 00:32:55,400 --> 00:32:58,660 build the station and the trail in the early days. 404 00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:04,140 Pony Bob is well known and associated with Pony Express for Two main reasons. 405 00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:09,700 The first reason was he did the longest ride, 380 miles, during the Paiute War. 406 00:33:09,900 --> 00:33:12,140 It was the longest ride in Pony Express history. 407 00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:17,500 The second reason is because he transported Lincoln's inaugural address 408 00:33:17,660 --> 00:33:19,200 Joseph, Missouri, all the way to Sacramento. 409 00:33:19,460 --> 00:33:24,120 The most important piece of mail that the Pony Express carried in its short 410 00:33:24,120 --> 00:33:27,620 existence was Lincoln's inaugural address. 411 00:33:28,110 --> 00:33:33,170 In the fall of 1860, the American people elected Abraham Lincoln to be their 412 00:33:33,170 --> 00:33:34,190 next president. 413 00:33:34,390 --> 00:33:39,690 By the time of his inauguration, seven states had seceded from the United 414 00:33:39,690 --> 00:33:46,630 to form the Confederacy. His inauguration was a plea to hold the 415 00:33:47,150 --> 00:33:51,470 So America was on the throes of civil war. It was of vital importance to keep 416 00:33:51,470 --> 00:33:54,650 California and the rest of the West Coast in the Union as well. 417 00:33:55,120 --> 00:33:59,300 California was so important because this was the new frontier. This was the 418 00:33:59,300 --> 00:34:00,300 future of America. 419 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:05,780 Gold, silver, people, trade, the world beyond the Pacific. 420 00:34:06,260 --> 00:34:08,340 California was the portal to all of that. 421 00:34:08,800 --> 00:34:13,320 Both the Confederacy and the United States had their eyes on California to 422 00:34:13,320 --> 00:34:15,320 able to finance this coming war. 423 00:34:15,560 --> 00:34:20,280 And it wasn't a foregone conclusion that California was going to go towards the 424 00:34:20,280 --> 00:34:24,239 United States. There was a significant Confederate sympathizing population. 425 00:34:24,679 --> 00:34:28,840 So Lincoln was trying to do everything possible to keep California in the 426 00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:33,320 Part of that was sending the inaugural address and reassuring Californians that 427 00:34:33,320 --> 00:34:34,780 they were part of the nation. 428 00:34:44,750 --> 00:34:50,469 Tony Bob to cover this country at speed meant that he was certainly throwing 429 00:34:50,469 --> 00:34:51,949 himself in harm's way. 430 00:34:53,210 --> 00:34:56,650 Tony Bob's route was dangerous. He was going right through Paiute territory. 431 00:34:56,909 --> 00:35:00,430 And even though the war had recently ended, there was still the possibility 432 00:35:00,430 --> 00:35:02,730 a war band might come out of nowhere and attack. 433 00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:31,960 Pony Bob is on the run. The Paiute War Party is chasing him, but an arrow hits 434 00:35:31,960 --> 00:35:33,640 his arm, and this forces his hand. 435 00:36:05,340 --> 00:36:08,300 Handguns are not accurate at any kind of range. 436 00:36:08,600 --> 00:36:14,080 Shooting the horses was a much more logical step than trying to shoot the 437 00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:15,080 riders. 438 00:36:16,620 --> 00:36:21,800 He could have stayed to finish the fight, but Pony Bob understood his duty 439 00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:26,940 clearly. This letter really proved to Californians that they were part of the 440 00:36:26,940 --> 00:36:29,540 nation. Being one week removed from... 441 00:36:29,840 --> 00:36:34,020 The East Coast was significantly better than being one month, being six months, 442 00:36:34,080 --> 00:36:36,880 being a year, which is what the experience had been formerly. 443 00:36:37,180 --> 00:36:41,740 California now felt like a more closely knit part of the union, like a more 444 00:36:41,740 --> 00:36:42,740 integrated part. 445 00:36:42,980 --> 00:36:48,860 And in a nation that's dividing, literally fraying at the seams, cleaving 446 00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:53,760 California, for whatever reason, because of this letter, became a little closer 447 00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:54,760 to it. 448 00:36:54,820 --> 00:36:59,340 Coney Bob's ride helped to save the union that day of this. 449 00:36:59,760 --> 00:37:00,880 I am certain. 450 00:37:06,680 --> 00:37:10,460 When the end came for the Pony Express, it was sudden. 451 00:37:10,720 --> 00:37:11,840 It was swift. 452 00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:15,140 But I guarantee you, no one was surprised. 453 00:37:15,480 --> 00:37:18,380 The telegraph was the death blow to the Pony Express. 454 00:37:18,780 --> 00:37:24,260 After the transcontinental telegraph line opened, the Pony Express closed. 455 00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:27,680 And yet, the Pony Express is... 456 00:37:27,950 --> 00:37:34,350 both a beginning and an end. It is the beginning of the Old West, the open 457 00:37:34,350 --> 00:37:39,790 -range cattle ranches, the mass movement of Americans in a systematic, rapid 458 00:37:39,790 --> 00:37:42,990 fashion, wagon trains going into the unknown. 459 00:37:43,210 --> 00:37:48,110 Long after the Pony Express was delivering mail, it was delivering 460 00:37:48,670 --> 00:37:54,710 It existed only as a letter service, and yet a more glamorous contribution to 461 00:37:54,710 --> 00:37:56,570 our Western heritage would be hard to find. 462 00:37:57,120 --> 00:38:00,080 We can put all the trappings of romance on it we want. 463 00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:04,580 And this is really the value as we look at this from a historical perspective. 464 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:06,660 That's what the Pony Express did. 465 00:38:06,940 --> 00:38:11,120 It gave us a means for understanding the development of the West. 466 00:38:11,440 --> 00:38:16,960 I cannot name a single writer that was hired the first day and was there at the 467 00:38:16,960 --> 00:38:19,040 last day. I don't know if there is one. 468 00:38:19,320 --> 00:38:23,300 Because the writers came and went. But the stories that they shared and what 469 00:38:23,300 --> 00:38:24,620 they brought back to their communities. 470 00:38:25,210 --> 00:38:28,510 This got out into the American public. It's a story of heroes. 471 00:38:28,730 --> 00:38:30,290 And it endures to this day. 472 00:38:30,550 --> 00:38:35,950 The Pony Express embodies, I think, all of these different aspects of Western 473 00:38:35,950 --> 00:38:41,090 America and its history. And in particular, the aspects that we want to 474 00:38:41,090 --> 00:38:46,670 remember. The romance, the adventure, the environment, the danger. It becomes 475 00:38:46,670 --> 00:38:51,570 central to how the American people think about and remember and sometimes 476 00:38:51,570 --> 00:38:54,270 misremember the Western United States. 477 00:38:54,860 --> 00:38:59,000 So whether or not all of these things actually happened, whether or not they 478 00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:03,240 were accurate, I think even just looking at the Pony Express, it oftentimes 479 00:39:03,240 --> 00:39:08,400 reflects some of the values and the stories that we want to believe about 480 00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:09,400 own past. 481 00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:16,960 Just two days after the telegraph line was finished, the Pony Express ceased 482 00:39:16,960 --> 00:39:18,160 to exist. 483 00:39:18,520 --> 00:39:23,880 But in our short time, we delivered 35 ,000 letters. 484 00:39:24,380 --> 00:39:27,060 and only lost the one mochila. 485 00:39:28,080 --> 00:39:34,760 But the best thing that we ever did was to give this young country some 486 00:39:34,760 --> 00:39:36,460 heroes of its own. 487 00:39:43,900 --> 00:39:45,920 Well performed, Mr. Cody. 488 00:39:46,460 --> 00:39:48,300 Thank you for your audience, Mr. Edison. 489 00:39:50,410 --> 00:39:55,010 Buffalo Bill and Thomas Edison did meet on at least two occasions, one time at 490 00:39:55,010 --> 00:40:00,110 the Paris Exposition in 1889 and another time at the Chicago World's Fair in 491 00:40:00,110 --> 00:40:05,670 1893. These two men, Thomas Edison and Buffalo Bill, really represent a 492 00:40:05,670 --> 00:40:09,650 transition from the 19th century to the 20th century. 493 00:40:09,970 --> 00:40:15,270 And in a lot of ways, this was a passing of the baton from one storyteller to 494 00:40:15,270 --> 00:40:16,069 the next. 495 00:40:16,070 --> 00:40:18,630 Bronco Charlie, Wild Bill. 496 00:40:19,820 --> 00:40:20,820 Tony Bob. 497 00:40:20,920 --> 00:40:25,000 These are all very colorful characters with incredible tales. 498 00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:29,200 But I must ask, how much of this is true? 499 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:34,340 Well, Mr. Edison, you can appreciate in this world there are truths, there are 500 00:40:34,340 --> 00:40:36,100 half -truths, and there are legends. 501 00:40:36,620 --> 00:40:37,620 I'm a busy man. 502 00:40:38,140 --> 00:40:39,740 I only have time for the legends. 503 00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:42,920 Buffalo Bill. 504 00:40:43,320 --> 00:40:47,920 He is probably the best storyteller for the American West that's ever existed. 505 00:40:48,220 --> 00:40:53,380 And what he was involved in, what he actually did, there's debates about 506 00:40:53,480 --> 00:40:58,760 But what he did manage to do is keep a version of the American West alive to 507 00:40:58,760 --> 00:40:59,760 present day. 508 00:40:59,800 --> 00:41:04,700 Buffalo Bill introduced Easterners and people throughout the world to the West 509 00:41:04,700 --> 00:41:06,660 in a brand new way. 510 00:41:07,310 --> 00:41:13,630 The Wild West show brings together indigenous warriors, gunfighters, Annie 511 00:41:13,630 --> 00:41:18,630 Oakley, Pony Express riders, all these old legends of the West. 512 00:41:18,890 --> 00:41:22,290 And it is really the beginning of a cinematic Western. 513 00:41:24,030 --> 00:41:25,750 Well, I like it. 514 00:41:25,970 --> 00:41:30,110 Mr. Cody, how would you like to make a motion picture with me? 515 00:41:30,470 --> 00:41:31,470 What do you have in mind? 516 00:41:31,690 --> 00:41:36,310 I was thinking, why don't we make a Western? 517 00:41:40,400 --> 00:41:41,400 What are their partners? 518 00:41:48,820 --> 00:41:52,920 To a large degree, Buffalo Bill was passing on the torch to Thomas Edison. 519 00:41:53,460 --> 00:41:59,420 Here you have this roadshow master in Thomas Edison whose inventions will lead 520 00:41:59,420 --> 00:42:04,120 to ways that we consume information and stories today about the American West. 521 00:42:04,540 --> 00:42:05,740 Film and cinema. 522 00:42:06,360 --> 00:42:11,320 cements the status of the Pony Express in so many Americans' imaginations. 523 00:42:11,420 --> 00:42:17,520 Putting it on the big screen and making all these myths and legends and stories 524 00:42:17,520 --> 00:42:19,500 a part of American culture. 525 00:42:20,160 --> 00:42:26,540 We love entertainment, and Hollywood was a big part of exciting the American 526 00:42:26,540 --> 00:42:28,460 public to the American West. 527 00:42:28,840 --> 00:42:34,520 These movies really inspired our imagination, and the Pony Express. 528 00:42:35,280 --> 00:42:37,260 It was a big part of that. I'll be seeing you. 529 00:42:37,900 --> 00:42:43,080 That was where the Western began, the beginning of all Western films that we 530 00:42:43,080 --> 00:42:44,080 today. 531 00:42:45,660 --> 00:42:51,160 Romanticized for sure, but boy, people really latched onto it. 532 00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:54,560 The last ride of Pony Express. 44203

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