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A Spanish settlement
stained in innocent blood.
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00:00:05,467 --> 00:00:08,766
What begins as
an unpleasant scheme
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leads to bodies
4
00:00:10,467 --> 00:00:11,967
lying in the dust.
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00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:18,500
In Wisconsin,
a serene institution seized
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00:00:18,667 --> 00:00:20,866
out of righteous anger.
7
00:00:20,867 --> 00:00:23,800
As the National Guard
surrounded the area,
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00:00:23,967 --> 00:00:27,166
there were reports of
the back and forth shooting
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00:00:27,333 --> 00:00:28,300
that happened.
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00:00:30,767 --> 00:00:33,867
And a subterranean
lair in France,
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00:00:34,033 --> 00:00:37,700
designed with
a disturbing objective.
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00:00:37,867 --> 00:00:41,466
Hitler is convinced
that German technology
13
00:00:41,467 --> 00:00:43,566
can still win the war,
14
00:00:43,567 --> 00:00:48,800
and Joe Kennedy, heir to an
American political dynasty,
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00:00:48,967 --> 00:00:53,166
is going to die
on his way here.
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00:01:02,667 --> 00:01:06,600
In America's Midwest,
lies an isolated structure,
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00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:09,867
caught in the crosshairs
of a tribe's mission to reclaim
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00:01:10,033 --> 00:01:11,700
what was once theirs.
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00:01:15,867 --> 00:01:19,400
Tucked away from the road
is a wide, open clearing.
20
00:01:19,567 --> 00:01:22,867
And in the middle of it,
there is this colossal,
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00:01:23,033 --> 00:01:25,667
Georgian style mansion.
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00:01:25,834 --> 00:01:30,367
It's far too big, too grand,
to be a single-family residence.
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00:01:30,533 --> 00:01:35,999
But who built it and why is it
standing empty today?
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00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,300
When you go inside,
the stark concrete
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offers few clues
to its former purpose.
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00:01:42,867 --> 00:01:45,566
It's bare and cavernous.
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00:01:45,567 --> 00:01:49,000
This was once a place
of religious devotion.
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It would become the symbol
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00:01:51,066 --> 00:01:53,000
of a bitter struggle
to be heard.
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00:01:53,166 --> 00:01:56,900
Some said that it existed
on stolen land,
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00:01:57,066 --> 00:01:59,300
and that conflict
would come to a head
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00:01:59,467 --> 00:02:02,866
in a very dramatic
confrontation.
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00:02:02,867 --> 00:02:06,100
This land is Menominee
ancestral lands.
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00:02:06,266 --> 00:02:09,467
As a people, we've been here
since time immemorial.
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00:02:10,767 --> 00:02:12,967
On a cold January day,
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00:02:13,133 --> 00:02:15,666
a group descended
onto this compound
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00:02:15,667 --> 00:02:17,567
with shotguns and rifles.
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00:02:18,867 --> 00:02:21,266
Their motto was
"Deed or death."
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00:02:22,367 --> 00:02:25,667
This was a month-long,
armed standoff
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00:02:25,834 --> 00:02:29,767
and soon it gains
national recognition.
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00:02:29,934 --> 00:02:31,467
Suddenly, you had everyone,
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00:02:31,633 --> 00:02:33,867
from national grassroots
organizations
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00:02:34,033 --> 00:02:35,999
to movie stars
like Marlon Brando,
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00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,166
showing up to the protests.
45
00:02:43,767 --> 00:02:45,600
Chris Caldwell is president
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00:02:45,767 --> 00:02:48,467
of the College of
the Menominee Nation.
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00:02:48,633 --> 00:02:51,967
His family was involved
in the battle that unfolded
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00:02:52,133 --> 00:02:55,166
in this building
in the 1970s.
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00:02:55,333 --> 00:02:58,099
My Aunt Chris
talks about being in here,
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00:02:58,100 --> 00:02:59,967
ducking from gunfire,
51
00:03:00,200 --> 00:03:03,967
you know, trying to make sure
the kids that were with them
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00:03:04,133 --> 00:03:05,900
knew to duck.
53
00:03:06,066 --> 00:03:09,900
It's been a process
to reconcile those things.
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00:03:11,767 --> 00:03:13,766
When this site
was first built,
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00:03:13,767 --> 00:03:15,166
it stood on territory
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00:03:15,333 --> 00:03:18,265
that had been taken away
from the Menominee.
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00:03:18,266 --> 00:03:20,766
Its original function belies
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00:03:20,767 --> 00:03:24,200
what would eventually
transpire here.
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00:03:24,367 --> 00:03:27,766
This grand building was
originally constructed in 1939,
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00:03:27,767 --> 00:03:31,066
as a private residence for
a wealthy widow from New York
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00:03:31,233 --> 00:03:32,367
and her sick daughter.
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00:03:32,533 --> 00:03:36,000
But sadly, she died before
it can be completed.
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00:03:36,900 --> 00:03:39,400
Then, in the 1950s,
the woman donated
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00:03:39,567 --> 00:03:42,767
the unfinished house and the
land to the Alexian Brothers,
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00:03:42,934 --> 00:03:46,100
an organization that was close
to her heart.
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00:03:46,266 --> 00:03:48,766
The Alexian Brothers
are a Catholic group
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00:03:48,767 --> 00:03:52,800
devoted to religious study
and taking care of the sick.
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00:03:52,967 --> 00:03:55,000
And they turned the property
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00:03:55,166 --> 00:03:57,766
into what's known
as a "novitiate",
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00:03:57,767 --> 00:04:01,066
somewhere where inductees
would come to study
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00:04:01,233 --> 00:04:04,165
and learn and prepare
to take their vows.
72
00:04:04,166 --> 00:04:07,166
The Novitiate operated like this
for over 20 years,
73
00:04:07,333 --> 00:04:11,265
but in 1972, they moved their
operations to Chicago,
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00:04:11,266 --> 00:04:14,266
and this building
is left empty.
75
00:04:14,433 --> 00:04:17,366
This could've been
the end of the Novitiate story,
76
00:04:17,367 --> 00:04:20,999
but events were underway
that would send it
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00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:23,466
on a collision course
78
00:04:23,467 --> 00:04:25,367
with an unfolding crisis
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00:04:25,533 --> 00:04:27,567
at a nearby
Native American reservation.
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00:04:29,066 --> 00:04:32,567
The Menominee historically
inhabited a vast area
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00:04:32,734 --> 00:04:34,700
that stretched across Wisconsin
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00:04:34,867 --> 00:04:37,400
to the Upper Peninsula
in Michigan.
83
00:04:37,567 --> 00:04:41,265
A series of treaties with
the US government in the 1800s
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00:04:41,266 --> 00:04:44,366
saw their land shrink
from 10 million acres
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00:04:44,367 --> 00:04:47,466
to just 230,000.
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00:04:47,467 --> 00:04:49,766
Still, the Menominee remained
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00:04:49,767 --> 00:04:53,066
one of the wealthiest Native
tribes in North America,
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00:04:53,233 --> 00:04:57,500
because they had large interest
in timber.
89
00:04:57,667 --> 00:05:02,066
But in the 1950s,
their way of life and land
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00:05:02,233 --> 00:05:05,367
would be threatened once more.
91
00:05:05,533 --> 00:05:07,467
The tribe was doing so well
92
00:05:07,633 --> 00:05:09,567
that the Bureau
of Indian Affairs
93
00:05:09,734 --> 00:05:13,600
decided that they were
ready to be relieved
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00:05:13,767 --> 00:05:16,100
from federal government support,
95
00:05:16,266 --> 00:05:18,300
and, in the term of the time,
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00:05:18,467 --> 00:05:22,866
assimilated into
mainstream US society.
97
00:05:22,867 --> 00:05:25,466
The government establishes
a policy of termination,
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00:05:25,467 --> 00:05:28,000
which ends the tribe's
sovereign status
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00:05:28,166 --> 00:05:31,600
and changes the responsibility
that the federal government
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00:05:31,767 --> 00:05:33,166
has towards them.
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00:05:34,100 --> 00:05:37,967
With termination came
an instant tax bill
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00:05:38,133 --> 00:05:42,166
for the 230,000 acres
of our reservation lands.
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00:05:43,100 --> 00:05:45,400
We had to find a way
to pay for that,
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00:05:45,567 --> 00:05:48,100
and our communities declined.
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00:05:48,266 --> 00:05:49,400
They went from being
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00:05:49,567 --> 00:05:51,999
one of the most affluent tribes
in the nation
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to being desperately poor,
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00:05:53,967 --> 00:05:57,099
with all the social ills
that come along with poverty.
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00:05:57,100 --> 00:06:01,266
It just pushed the Menominee,
I feel, over the brink
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00:06:01,433 --> 00:06:03,600
to "we really need to figure out
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00:06:03,767 --> 00:06:06,900
"how do we get back our lands,
112
00:06:07,066 --> 00:06:10,000
how do we get back
that connection."
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00:06:10,166 --> 00:06:11,566
One faction of the tribe
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00:06:11,567 --> 00:06:14,165
felt the only way
to get their voice heard
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00:06:14,166 --> 00:06:16,166
was direct action.
116
00:06:16,767 --> 00:06:21,165
These were members of
the Menominee Warrior Society.
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00:06:21,166 --> 00:06:24,800
During this period,
the same political activism
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00:06:24,967 --> 00:06:28,400
that we saw on college campuses
and Vietnam War protests
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00:06:28,567 --> 00:06:31,867
was also sweeping Native
communities across the country.
120
00:06:32,867 --> 00:06:36,165
Many of the members
of the Warrior Society
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00:06:36,166 --> 00:06:39,567
were inspired
by activist takeovers,
122
00:06:39,734 --> 00:06:41,900
like that of Alcatraz
in 1969.
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00:06:43,100 --> 00:06:47,000
In 1975,
the Menominee Warrior Society
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00:06:47,166 --> 00:06:49,500
decided to make their stand.
125
00:06:49,667 --> 00:06:52,300
The target was
the Alexian Novitiate,
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00:06:52,467 --> 00:06:54,666
which had been vacant
for three years,
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00:06:54,667 --> 00:06:58,366
apart from a lone caretaker
and his family.
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00:06:58,367 --> 00:07:01,300
The Menominee Warriors saw this
129
00:07:01,467 --> 00:07:05,200
as a visible symbol of land
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00:07:05,367 --> 00:07:08,099
that they believed
was rightfully theirs.
131
00:07:08,100 --> 00:07:11,300
On New Year's Day, a band
of about 40 Menominee
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00:07:11,467 --> 00:07:14,967
armed with shotguns and rifles
arrived at the compound.
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00:07:15,133 --> 00:07:17,366
They were led by a man
they called "the General",
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00:07:17,367 --> 00:07:19,000
Michael Sturdevant.
135
00:07:20,266 --> 00:07:22,500
They seize the property,
and they take the caretaker
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00:07:22,667 --> 00:07:24,700
and his family hostage.
137
00:07:24,867 --> 00:07:27,066
The Novitiate was now
under the control
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00:07:27,233 --> 00:07:29,367
of the Menominee
Warrior Society.
139
00:07:30,700 --> 00:07:33,100
The local police
came out in force
140
00:07:33,266 --> 00:07:35,700
and surrounded the building.
141
00:07:35,867 --> 00:07:37,700
The state government
acted quickly
142
00:07:37,867 --> 00:07:39,265
to contain the takeover.
143
00:07:39,266 --> 00:07:42,800
The last thing they wanted
was for the protest to spread.
144
00:07:44,266 --> 00:07:45,967
Even the National Guard
are called in,
145
00:07:46,133 --> 00:07:49,200
eventually grow into a force
of over 2,000 troops,
146
00:07:49,367 --> 00:07:52,066
and then you have a standoff
at the Novitiate.
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00:07:52,233 --> 00:07:55,767
The situation had become
a powder keg
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00:07:55,934 --> 00:07:57,567
ready to ignite.
149
00:07:57,734 --> 00:08:00,300
The Warrior Society believed
that they were really
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00:08:00,467 --> 00:08:02,367
in a life and death struggle
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00:08:02,533 --> 00:08:05,266
for the future of their tribe
and their rights.
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00:08:08,867 --> 00:08:12,467
2
In the early hours
of New Year's Day, 1975,
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00:08:12,633 --> 00:08:15,967
the Menominee Warrior Society
led an armed takeover
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00:08:16,133 --> 00:08:17,800
of the Alexian Novitiate.
155
00:08:17,967 --> 00:08:21,400
A nerve-wracking
standoff ensued.
156
00:08:21,567 --> 00:08:23,467
When the Wisconsin
National Guard
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00:08:23,633 --> 00:08:25,200
was called in
by the governor,
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00:08:25,367 --> 00:08:26,999
there were
different interactions
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00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:29,600
between the Warrior Society
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00:08:29,767 --> 00:08:33,099
and the different local
community groups.
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00:08:33,100 --> 00:08:37,300
And so, there was gunfire
back and forth.
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00:08:37,467 --> 00:08:39,400
The Warrior Society
is completely
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00:08:39,567 --> 00:08:41,166
outmanned and outgunned,
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00:08:41,333 --> 00:08:42,600
and the government doesn't want
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00:08:42,767 --> 00:08:43,967
any deaths on their hands,
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00:08:44,133 --> 00:08:46,467
especially
in this already tense situation.
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00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:50,300
The National Guard
had one key advantage.
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00:08:50,467 --> 00:08:53,200
They were able to cut off
the power to the building.
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Soon, the heat was out.
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00:08:55,834 --> 00:08:59,766
It was cold at the time,
and supporters would find ways
171
00:08:59,767 --> 00:09:04,766
to sneak into the building--
you know, bring supplies
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00:09:04,767 --> 00:09:08,165
and other things like that
to help.
173
00:09:08,166 --> 00:09:10,367
The actor and activist,
Marlon Brando,
174
00:09:10,533 --> 00:09:12,767
even arrived at the Novitiate
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00:09:12,934 --> 00:09:16,165
to support
the Warrior group.
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00:09:16,166 --> 00:09:18,266
Despite the celebrity backing,
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00:09:18,433 --> 00:09:20,866
local public opinion
about the takeover
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00:09:20,867 --> 00:09:22,700
was split.
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00:09:22,867 --> 00:09:24,166
In the surrounding white
community, of course,
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00:09:24,333 --> 00:09:26,800
many were outraged by what
they saw as an insurrection.
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00:09:27,867 --> 00:09:31,567
Even on the reservation itself,
there were those who thought
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00:09:31,734 --> 00:09:33,999
that it would undermine
their chances
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00:09:34,000 --> 00:09:35,467
to have their rights restored.
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00:09:36,900 --> 00:09:41,300
On February 2nd,
after a month-long occupation,
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00:09:41,467 --> 00:09:45,566
a deal was reached
between the Warrior Society
186
00:09:45,567 --> 00:09:47,300
and the Alexian Brothers.
187
00:09:48,667 --> 00:09:52,100
The Brothers agreed to sell
the Novitiate to the Menominee
188
00:09:52,266 --> 00:09:53,900
for the sum of $1.
189
00:09:54,066 --> 00:09:57,100
At that point,
the Warrior Society
190
00:09:57,266 --> 00:09:58,500
peacefully surrendered,
191
00:09:58,667 --> 00:10:00,400
and 39 of them
were arrested.
192
00:10:00,567 --> 00:10:02,967
Looking back,
we have to give credit
193
00:10:03,133 --> 00:10:04,600
to the cool heads
on both sides.
194
00:10:04,767 --> 00:10:06,165
It ended peacefully
195
00:10:06,166 --> 00:10:09,999
and did not erupt
in outright bloodshed.
196
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:12,999
Five members of the group
were charged,
197
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:15,900
including their leader,
Michael Sturdevant,
198
00:10:16,066 --> 00:10:17,367
who was imprisoned.
199
00:10:19,667 --> 00:10:22,367
In April of 1975,
200
00:10:22,533 --> 00:10:24,900
three months
after the Novitiate standoff,
201
00:10:25,066 --> 00:10:28,367
the US government restored
the Menominee's status
202
00:10:28,533 --> 00:10:30,999
as a federally
recognized tribe.
203
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:34,667
This granted the Menominee
the right to self-govern
204
00:10:34,834 --> 00:10:39,300
their existing 230,000 acres
of reservation land.
205
00:10:39,467 --> 00:10:41,567
It's unclear
how much this occupation
206
00:10:41,734 --> 00:10:43,566
influenced that decision.
207
00:10:43,567 --> 00:10:46,100
Despite the efforts
of the Warrior Society,
208
00:10:46,266 --> 00:10:50,100
the Menominee were unable
to maintain the building.
209
00:10:50,266 --> 00:10:52,400
Eventually, they decided
that the best course of action
210
00:10:52,567 --> 00:10:55,866
was just to give the building
back to the Alexian Brothers.
211
00:10:55,867 --> 00:10:57,466
Over the next 50 years,
212
00:10:57,467 --> 00:11:00,166
the property sat empty
and suffered damage,
213
00:11:00,333 --> 00:11:02,667
including a fire
that gutted the mansion.
214
00:11:07,700 --> 00:11:10,767
In 2021,
the Novitiate was purchased
215
00:11:10,934 --> 00:11:14,700
by new owners,
who are restoring the property.
216
00:11:14,867 --> 00:11:17,366
Its future use
is yet to be decided,
217
00:11:17,367 --> 00:11:20,367
but the Menominee tribe
is being consulted.
218
00:11:21,567 --> 00:11:24,265
It was only a building
in a moment of time
219
00:11:24,266 --> 00:11:26,366
for the Menominee people,
220
00:11:26,367 --> 00:11:28,467
but there's a lot
of significance
221
00:11:28,633 --> 00:11:30,000
that came along with it.
222
00:11:30,166 --> 00:11:34,165
There's a responsibility
to learn the lessons
223
00:11:34,166 --> 00:11:36,000
from those events.
224
00:11:41,166 --> 00:11:44,767
In Northern France,
tranquil green fields disguise
225
00:11:44,934 --> 00:11:48,767
a conspiracy to lay waste
to an entire population.
226
00:11:53,300 --> 00:11:55,800
We're not far from
the English Channel.
227
00:11:55,967 --> 00:12:01,265
We're not far from Paris,
but here it's the country.
228
00:12:01,266 --> 00:12:03,000
And then you start
to see evidence
229
00:12:03,166 --> 00:12:04,999
that there's more here
than meets the eye.
230
00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:07,666
There are these
huge chunks of concrete
231
00:12:07,667 --> 00:12:08,967
that are really smashed apart.
232
00:12:09,133 --> 00:12:12,400
What could have caused
these massive holes
233
00:12:12,567 --> 00:12:14,200
in the quiet
French countryside?
234
00:12:15,467 --> 00:12:18,866
Nearby, an entrance leading
into the hillside
235
00:12:18,867 --> 00:12:21,767
reveals something unexpected
hidden below.
236
00:12:22,767 --> 00:12:26,100
Parts of it looks like it could
be a railroad tunnel,
237
00:12:26,266 --> 00:12:29,566
but as you look deeper,
it's a lot more than that.
238
00:12:29,567 --> 00:12:32,466
The architecture is
very utilitarian,
239
00:12:32,467 --> 00:12:33,800
and it tells you that
240
00:12:33,967 --> 00:12:36,066
this was probably
a military facility.
241
00:12:37,166 --> 00:12:39,200
Masses of concrete,
242
00:12:39,367 --> 00:12:42,866
the smell of slave laborers'
243
00:12:42,867 --> 00:12:44,200
blood and sweat.
244
00:12:45,200 --> 00:12:49,200
This has got to be
Nazi engineering.
245
00:12:50,300 --> 00:12:54,999
This subterranean complex
was built as a last resort
246
00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:57,300
to save an evil empire.
247
00:12:58,367 --> 00:13:01,066
The threat it posed
was unlike anything
248
00:13:01,233 --> 00:13:03,700
the world had seen before.
249
00:13:03,867 --> 00:13:05,500
It was a race against time.
250
00:13:05,667 --> 00:13:07,767
Could the Allies
stop this weapon
251
00:13:07,934 --> 00:13:10,266
before the Nazis
reign terror down on London?
252
00:13:15,900 --> 00:13:19,800
In early 1943, things aren't
going well for the Nazis.
253
00:13:19,967 --> 00:13:23,867
The campaign in Russia
is slowing down,
254
00:13:24,033 --> 00:13:26,467
and the Allies are gaining
ground in North Africa.
255
00:13:26,633 --> 00:13:29,766
Hitler thinks that if
he gets German scientists,
256
00:13:29,767 --> 00:13:32,767
German engineers,
working in the right direction,
257
00:13:32,934 --> 00:13:37,466
they will create "Wunderwaffen",
"wonder weapons",
258
00:13:37,467 --> 00:13:42,700
and those wonder weapons
are gonna win the war.
259
00:13:42,867 --> 00:13:45,467
On June 13, 1944,
260
00:13:45,633 --> 00:13:48,866
seven days after
the D-Day landings,
261
00:13:48,867 --> 00:13:53,999
Hitler unveiled the first wave
of a new destructive power
262
00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:56,200
developed under
the wonder weapon program.
263
00:13:56,367 --> 00:13:59,467
They were called
"vengeance weapons".
264
00:13:59,633 --> 00:14:03,367
The V1 was a flying bomb that
buzzed when it went overhead.
265
00:14:03,533 --> 00:14:07,466
And when it was about to drop,
it got totally silent,
266
00:14:07,467 --> 00:14:09,000
meaning that the people below
267
00:14:09,166 --> 00:14:11,265
knew it was about
to strike them.
268
00:14:11,266 --> 00:14:13,666
Four months later,
the Führer revealed
269
00:14:13,667 --> 00:14:15,600
the next stage of his plot
270
00:14:15,767 --> 00:14:18,367
to wipe London from the map.
271
00:14:18,533 --> 00:14:20,467
The V2 rockets were
essentially
272
00:14:20,633 --> 00:14:22,367
the first ballistic missile.
273
00:14:22,533 --> 00:14:25,200
They're going to hit
without warning,
274
00:14:25,367 --> 00:14:27,700
and at speeds
that you just can't intercept.
275
00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:31,967
Hitler really believes
276
00:14:32,133 --> 00:14:34,766
that by sending
the vengeance weapons,
277
00:14:34,767 --> 00:14:38,099
the "Vergeltungswaffen",
into England,
278
00:14:38,100 --> 00:14:41,700
he is going to break
the British will to fight.
279
00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:46,867
But the crazed dictator still
had one last piece
280
00:14:47,033 --> 00:14:49,466
of his destructive puzzle
to complete.
281
00:14:49,467 --> 00:14:53,367
It was called
the Fortress of Mimoyecques.
282
00:14:54,266 --> 00:14:59,100
Caroline Albert is an expert on
this clandestine Nazi facility.
283
00:15:15,367 --> 00:15:18,566
Construction on the site
begins in 1943.
284
00:15:18,567 --> 00:15:20,467
Over 1,200 workers arrive
to begin
285
00:15:20,633 --> 00:15:22,266
digging out those tunnels.
286
00:15:22,433 --> 00:15:26,099
Despite all this natural
reinforcement, they went ahead
287
00:15:26,100 --> 00:15:30,266
and put a 16-foot reinforced
concrete top over it.
288
00:15:31,166 --> 00:15:35,466
The Allies were completely
unaware of the ferocity brewing
289
00:15:35,467 --> 00:15:37,999
beneath the French countryside.
290
00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:39,866
It was basically a huge cannon,
291
00:15:39,867 --> 00:15:41,200
and it fired shells
292
00:15:41,367 --> 00:15:44,800
using multiple explosive charges
along its barrel.
293
00:15:44,967 --> 00:15:50,366
The round goes past firing
chamber after firing chamber,
294
00:15:50,367 --> 00:15:53,099
going faster and faster
295
00:15:53,100 --> 00:15:57,867
until it is able to fly
all the way to London
296
00:15:58,033 --> 00:16:00,700
and bang!--
deliver a payload
297
00:16:00,867 --> 00:16:04,900
right into the center
of the enemy capital.
298
00:16:05,066 --> 00:16:08,667
But this complex wouldn't house
just one of these super guns.
299
00:16:08,834 --> 00:16:14,366
Each of the five firing shafts
was meant to hold five cannons,
300
00:16:14,367 --> 00:16:16,166
totaling 25 in all.
301
00:16:17,567 --> 00:16:21,766
In theory, it could fire 600
shells an hour, 24 hours a day.
302
00:16:21,767 --> 00:16:24,767
The Allies had no idea
what was coming.
303
00:16:26,567 --> 00:16:29,867
Yet the French Resistance
spotted something sinister
304
00:16:30,033 --> 00:16:33,767
was underway and alerted
British intelligence.
305
00:16:33,934 --> 00:16:37,166
When Allied reconnaissance
flights discover this space,
306
00:16:37,333 --> 00:16:39,165
they're not quite sure
what it is,
307
00:16:39,166 --> 00:16:40,766
but they know that it's big,
308
00:16:40,767 --> 00:16:42,265
they know that it's Nazi,
309
00:16:42,266 --> 00:16:44,266
and they know
that it has to be destroyed.
310
00:16:48,767 --> 00:16:52,466
2
At Mimoyecques Fortress
during World War II,
311
00:16:52,467 --> 00:16:56,366
Hitler ordered the construction
of the V3 cannon,
312
00:16:56,367 --> 00:16:58,999
a weapon of such fury
313
00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,666
he believed it could turn
the tide of the conflict
314
00:17:01,667 --> 00:17:02,767
in his favor.
315
00:17:03,166 --> 00:17:07,600
Between November 1943
and the spring of 1944,
316
00:17:07,767 --> 00:17:09,867
British and US airmen fought
317
00:17:10,033 --> 00:17:11,967
through an onslaught
of anti-aircraft fire
318
00:17:12,133 --> 00:17:15,999
to try and really take
this place out.
319
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,000
They drop over 4,000 tons
of armaments,
320
00:17:19,166 --> 00:17:20,600
and it's still there.
321
00:17:20,767 --> 00:17:23,466
Something else needs to happen
to destroy this.
322
00:17:23,467 --> 00:17:27,165
The Allies turned
to the brilliant engineer
323
00:17:27,166 --> 00:17:28,300
Barnes Wallis,
324
00:17:28,467 --> 00:17:30,866
who created an innovative
bouncing bomb
325
00:17:30,867 --> 00:17:34,000
to destroy German dams
earlier in the war.
326
00:17:35,300 --> 00:17:39,467
Now, we need to destroy
a German concrete bunker.
327
00:17:40,867 --> 00:17:43,400
He developed
a extra large bomb
328
00:17:43,567 --> 00:17:45,500
that was called
"the Tallboy".
329
00:17:45,667 --> 00:17:47,867
It would bury itself
in the earth before exploding,
330
00:17:48,033 --> 00:17:50,367
and it would create
an earthquake.
331
00:17:50,533 --> 00:17:54,367
It was the perfect weapon to
destroy underground structures.
332
00:17:55,367 --> 00:17:57,667
Throughout the spring of 1944,
333
00:17:57,834 --> 00:18:01,366
the Nazis rushed to complete
the V3 cannons.
334
00:18:01,367 --> 00:18:03,666
But before they could be
deployed,
335
00:18:03,667 --> 00:18:06,900
the skies darkened
over Mimoyecques.
336
00:18:07,066 --> 00:18:09,767
On July 6, 1944,
the Allies send
337
00:18:09,934 --> 00:18:12,400
over 100 Halifax bombers.
338
00:18:12,567 --> 00:18:15,066
They're carpet bombing
the target
339
00:18:15,233 --> 00:18:18,900
in order to destroy
anything on the surface.
340
00:18:19,767 --> 00:18:24,567
And then, the Lancaster bombers
are going to fly in
341
00:18:24,734 --> 00:18:26,567
with the Tallboy bomb.
342
00:18:28,567 --> 00:18:31,367
Three near misses
and then a direct hit.
343
00:18:33,300 --> 00:18:35,366
With that hit,
they've managed to smash
344
00:18:35,367 --> 00:18:37,600
through that massive
concrete roof.
345
00:18:47,700 --> 00:18:52,467
Yet the Allies still feared
the site could be operational.
346
00:18:52,633 --> 00:18:55,165
They couldn't take the chance
that Hitler's weapon
347
00:18:55,166 --> 00:18:57,700
could still flatten London.
348
00:18:57,867 --> 00:19:01,567
US Navy airmen were tasked
with a top secret mission,
349
00:19:01,734 --> 00:19:04,666
to take Mimoyecques out
once and for all.
350
00:19:04,667 --> 00:19:08,900
It was codenamed
"Operation Anvil".
351
00:19:09,066 --> 00:19:13,767
This is a project designed
to take worn-out bombers
352
00:19:13,934 --> 00:19:19,100
and turn them
into an early form of drone.
353
00:19:19,266 --> 00:19:22,867
They would have pilots on board
who would set the explosives,
354
00:19:23,033 --> 00:19:26,066
parachute out, and the plane
would continue on
355
00:19:26,233 --> 00:19:27,500
to its target.
356
00:19:28,767 --> 00:19:32,766
One brave pilot steps up for
the mission, and that pilot was
357
00:19:32,767 --> 00:19:34,300
Joseph P. Kennedy.
358
00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:38,300
Joseph was the eldest
of the Kennedy children,
359
00:19:38,467 --> 00:19:40,800
and his father had been
grooming him to be president
360
00:19:40,967 --> 00:19:42,166
from a young age.
361
00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,667
On August 12, 1944,
362
00:19:45,834 --> 00:19:48,600
he and his co-pilot
took to the skies.
363
00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:54,300
Kennedy radios in the code words
"spade flush" to indicate
364
00:19:54,467 --> 00:19:56,800
that they were about to jump
out of the plane,
365
00:19:56,967 --> 00:20:00,000
but then those ended up being
his very last words.
366
00:20:01,767 --> 00:20:07,100
The whole plane goes up
into enormous explosions,
367
00:20:07,266 --> 00:20:11,466
there is literally nothing left
368
00:20:11,467 --> 00:20:13,600
of Kennedy
and his co-pilot.
369
00:20:15,467 --> 00:20:18,467
It's sad that when JFK heard
the news, he said,
370
00:20:18,633 --> 00:20:20,567
"And now the burden
falls on me."
371
00:20:22,400 --> 00:20:25,066
Less than a month after
Kennedy's tragic death,
372
00:20:25,233 --> 00:20:27,467
Canadian troops arrived
at Mimoyecques
373
00:20:27,633 --> 00:20:31,100
and found it had been abandoned
by the retreating Nazis.
374
00:20:31,266 --> 00:20:34,867
They also made another
chilling discovery.
375
00:20:35,033 --> 00:20:39,000
The fortress had already been
destroyed beyond repair
376
00:20:39,166 --> 00:20:41,900
by the earlier
Tallboy bombing raid.
377
00:20:54,767 --> 00:20:57,700
Today, the upper level tunnels
of Mimoyecques
378
00:20:57,867 --> 00:21:00,065
can be visited by the public.
379
00:21:00,066 --> 00:21:03,366
But the lower levels
were so badly damaged,
380
00:21:03,367 --> 00:21:05,967
some of the secrets
of Hitler's vengeance fortress
381
00:21:06,133 --> 00:21:07,667
will never be known.
382
00:21:28,567 --> 00:21:31,366
In a remote region
of southern Spain,
383
00:21:31,367 --> 00:21:33,400
an isolated structure conceals
384
00:21:33,567 --> 00:21:37,166
a story of forbidden love
and ruthless retribution.
385
00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:45,566
We're in this landscape of
rugged hills and dusty plains.
386
00:21:45,567 --> 00:21:48,800
It feels like something more
from the Wild West than Spain.
387
00:21:50,166 --> 00:21:53,466
It's an arid, barren place.
388
00:21:53,467 --> 00:21:56,667
Even in the best of times,
eking out an existence here
389
00:21:56,834 --> 00:21:57,867
must have been hard.
390
00:21:59,066 --> 00:22:02,300
Yet signs of life reveal
somebody settled
391
00:22:02,467 --> 00:22:04,367
in this unforgiving landscape.
392
00:22:05,467 --> 00:22:08,366
All the way out here,
there's this structure.
393
00:22:08,367 --> 00:22:11,666
It's kind of hauntingly
beautiful, standing alone
394
00:22:11,667 --> 00:22:14,266
against this vast,
empty scenery.
395
00:22:16,367 --> 00:22:18,800
Walking around, you can see
a lot of the rooms
396
00:22:18,967 --> 00:22:20,367
are just empty shells.
397
00:22:20,533 --> 00:22:23,500
It's hard to tell what
this place once was.
398
00:22:24,667 --> 00:22:26,767
Then you start to see clues.
399
00:22:28,300 --> 00:22:32,100
With its bell tower and
raised area inside for an altar,
400
00:22:32,266 --> 00:22:35,566
you quickly realize
this was a church.
401
00:22:35,567 --> 00:22:39,066
You also get the feeling
that this is a home.
402
00:22:39,233 --> 00:22:41,666
You've got the kitchen
and the pantry,
403
00:22:41,667 --> 00:22:43,266
but apart from these details,
404
00:22:43,433 --> 00:22:46,066
many of the traces
of whoever lived here
405
00:22:46,233 --> 00:22:47,867
have long since disappeared.
406
00:22:49,200 --> 00:22:52,600
In the beginning,
this was a peaceful dwelling.
407
00:22:52,767 --> 00:22:57,166
It became the scene
of a shameful crime of revenge.
408
00:22:58,166 --> 00:23:01,100
This place has been
immortalized
409
00:23:01,266 --> 00:23:05,800
in books, in plays,
and even Hollywood films.
410
00:23:07,367 --> 00:23:09,165
Grooms jilted at the altar,
411
00:23:09,166 --> 00:23:11,000
lovers fleeing in the night,
412
00:23:11,166 --> 00:23:12,400
violent confrontations...
413
00:23:12,567 --> 00:23:14,165
this story has it all.
414
00:23:14,166 --> 00:23:18,033
It's like the original
telenovela.
415
00:23:20,467 --> 00:23:23,265
2
In the desolate plains
of Almería, Spain,
416
00:23:23,266 --> 00:23:27,566
is a crumbling ruin
that would become infamous.
417
00:23:27,567 --> 00:23:32,600
Miguel Jaume Mora is a guide
in this arid region.
418
00:23:32,767 --> 00:23:34,666
Growing up as a child,
I've heard
419
00:23:34,667 --> 00:23:37,367
so many stories
about this place.
420
00:23:37,533 --> 00:23:39,400
The first time I came
421
00:23:39,567 --> 00:23:44,066
was roughly 17, 18 years ago,
422
00:23:44,233 --> 00:23:47,099
and I was so impressed, actually.
423
00:23:47,100 --> 00:23:49,767
Like many locals,
Miguel was drawn
424
00:23:49,934 --> 00:23:51,165
to the tale of intrigue
425
00:23:51,166 --> 00:23:53,400
that unfolded
within these walls.
426
00:23:54,667 --> 00:23:58,366
This building is well known
all over the country
427
00:23:58,367 --> 00:24:01,400
for all its tragic happenings.
428
00:24:01,567 --> 00:24:06,000
It is a very important part
of the local culture.
429
00:24:06,166 --> 00:24:10,100
It's a shame, actually, to see
the state in which it is.
430
00:24:11,100 --> 00:24:13,265
Essentially, it's a kind
of farm complex
431
00:24:13,266 --> 00:24:15,467
common in the south of Spain.
432
00:24:15,633 --> 00:24:18,999
It was originally built in
the 1700s by Dominican monks,
433
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:21,467
and that's why it has such
an elaborate chapel.
434
00:24:21,633 --> 00:24:23,500
They were given the property
435
00:24:23,667 --> 00:24:27,000
because no one wanted
to live here.
436
00:24:27,166 --> 00:24:30,000
Life here would have been
very difficult.
437
00:24:30,166 --> 00:24:33,400
It was called
the "Cortijo del Fraile",
438
00:24:34,500 --> 00:24:37,300
the "Farmhouse of the Friar".
439
00:24:37,467 --> 00:24:39,967
But in the mid 1830s,
the government decides
440
00:24:40,133 --> 00:24:42,400
it's gonna take possession
of many of the properties
441
00:24:42,567 --> 00:24:44,166
that were owned
by the church.
442
00:24:44,333 --> 00:24:45,967
They sold it to raise money,
443
00:24:46,133 --> 00:24:48,800
and so the farm goes
into private hands.
444
00:24:48,967 --> 00:24:51,466
For almost a century,
the rhythms of life
445
00:24:51,467 --> 00:24:54,100
in this dusty outpost
remained the same.
446
00:24:55,367 --> 00:24:58,466
Farmers growing and selling
their produce,
447
00:24:58,467 --> 00:25:01,766
living in harmony
with the seasons.
448
00:25:01,767 --> 00:25:04,100
But in the early 1900s,
449
00:25:04,266 --> 00:25:06,867
a new family arrived
at the Cortijo.
450
00:25:07,367 --> 00:25:11,566
With them,
came scandal and murder.
451
00:25:11,567 --> 00:25:13,666
One of the families
that lived here, uh,
452
00:25:13,667 --> 00:25:16,000
was a widower
with his daughters,
453
00:25:16,166 --> 00:25:17,667
Carmen and Francisca,
454
00:25:17,834 --> 00:25:20,000
who was known to everyone
as "Paca".
455
00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:24,999
Paca was given
a cruel nickname,
456
00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:26,266
"Paca la Coja,"
457
00:25:26,433 --> 00:25:27,567
meaning "Paca the Lame".
458
00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:31,467
While the family blamed
her limp on polio,
459
00:25:31,633 --> 00:25:33,666
it's said that the real story
460
00:25:33,667 --> 00:25:37,166
is her father beat her so badly
as a baby,
461
00:25:37,333 --> 00:25:39,934
he permanently damaged her hip.
462
00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:46,600
Well, we're just in the house
where Paca lived,
463
00:25:46,767 --> 00:25:48,866
here at the farm.
464
00:25:48,867 --> 00:25:51,567
This room was one
of the bedrooms,
465
00:25:51,734 --> 00:25:54,900
and it could have actually been
Paca's bedroom.
466
00:25:56,467 --> 00:25:59,700
Eventually,
the elder sister, Carmen,
467
00:25:59,867 --> 00:26:02,667
got married
and moved out of the Cortijo,
468
00:26:02,834 --> 00:26:06,300
and Paca grew
increasingly close
469
00:26:06,467 --> 00:26:08,266
with her cousin, Francisco.
470
00:26:09,567 --> 00:26:14,767
She was in love with her cousin
when they were children.
471
00:26:14,934 --> 00:26:16,767
The usual thing
when they would play,
472
00:26:16,934 --> 00:26:20,566
"well, you're gonna be
my boyfriend,
473
00:26:20,567 --> 00:26:23,800
and when we're older,
we'll probably get married."
474
00:26:25,367 --> 00:26:27,667
But Paca's father paid
no attention
475
00:26:27,834 --> 00:26:30,567
to her youthful infatuation,
476
00:26:30,734 --> 00:26:32,300
and in 1926,
477
00:26:32,467 --> 00:26:35,467
began looking
for a suitable husband for her.
478
00:26:36,367 --> 00:26:39,666
Whoever she married would
receive a generous payment,
479
00:26:39,667 --> 00:26:41,265
called a "dowry,"
480
00:26:41,266 --> 00:26:43,600
and they would play
an integral role
481
00:26:43,767 --> 00:26:45,900
in the running of the Cortijo.
482
00:26:46,066 --> 00:26:49,200
As it happened, Paca's sister
came up with a plan
483
00:26:49,367 --> 00:26:50,866
for who she should marry.
484
00:26:50,867 --> 00:26:54,800
There was a local laborer
named Casimiro.
485
00:26:54,967 --> 00:26:57,800
He just so happened to be
her husband's brother.
486
00:26:57,967 --> 00:26:59,467
How convenient.
487
00:27:01,567 --> 00:27:05,666
It seems like this was all part
of a sinister plan to marry
488
00:27:05,667 --> 00:27:08,165
her sister to someone
inside the family
489
00:27:08,166 --> 00:27:09,467
that they could control.
490
00:27:10,667 --> 00:27:12,999
Carmen was very ambitious.
491
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:15,967
She wanted to try to gather
all the properties
492
00:27:16,133 --> 00:27:19,467
and get her husband
to be the farmer
493
00:27:19,633 --> 00:27:23,300
that was in charge
of this farm.
494
00:27:23,467 --> 00:27:27,766
Paca was completely unaware of
her sister's cruel intentions,
495
00:27:27,767 --> 00:27:30,000
and agreed to the marriage.
496
00:27:30,166 --> 00:27:34,265
It was a decision
that ended in tragedy.
497
00:27:34,266 --> 00:27:36,700
On the evening
of the 22nd of July,
498
00:27:36,867 --> 00:27:39,265
the year 1928,
499
00:27:39,266 --> 00:27:42,066
is a reception of the wedding.
500
00:27:42,233 --> 00:27:45,800
The tradition at the time
was to celebrate first,
501
00:27:45,967 --> 00:27:48,667
and then hold the wedding
ceremony the following morning.
502
00:27:50,166 --> 00:27:54,400
All the guests started to
arrive, and among these guests
503
00:27:54,567 --> 00:27:55,999
that were invited
to the wedding,
504
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:58,166
her cousin, Francisco.
505
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:01,466
Francisco didn't come
to celebrate.
506
00:28:01,467 --> 00:28:03,967
He was simply biding his time.
507
00:28:05,166 --> 00:28:07,800
Francisco seizes
the opportunity,
508
00:28:07,967 --> 00:28:09,967
and he sneaks
into her bedroom.
509
00:28:10,133 --> 00:28:12,099
He begs Paca to
run away with him
510
00:28:12,100 --> 00:28:14,467
so that they can be married
the next morning.
511
00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:17,566
She never...
512
00:28:17,567 --> 00:28:21,166
was in love with Casimiro.
513
00:28:21,333 --> 00:28:23,567
That's when she started
to think about it.
514
00:28:23,734 --> 00:28:27,867
And she told Francisco,
"It's now or never."
515
00:28:28,033 --> 00:28:31,000
And that's when they escaped
516
00:28:31,166 --> 00:28:34,667
through this passage
to the stables.
517
00:28:34,834 --> 00:28:38,700
The lovers believe they will be
long gone before anybody
518
00:28:38,867 --> 00:28:41,400
realizes what had happened,
but they were wrong.
519
00:28:43,200 --> 00:28:45,567
Paca's sister
and her husband,
520
00:28:45,734 --> 00:28:48,265
whose plan was going
very badly now,
521
00:28:48,266 --> 00:28:50,467
also rode out
into the desert,
522
00:28:50,633 --> 00:28:53,100
and it wouldn't be long
before they found them.
523
00:28:58,867 --> 00:29:01,866
2
On July 23rd, 1928,
524
00:29:01,867 --> 00:29:04,999
an infamous wedding
was set to take place.
525
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,666
Paca, the bride to be,
was not in love with the man
526
00:29:08,667 --> 00:29:10,700
she was arranged to marry,
527
00:29:10,867 --> 00:29:13,767
the brother of her sister's
husband, Casimiro.
528
00:29:14,266 --> 00:29:17,666
Instead, she eloped
with her cousin Francisco.
529
00:29:17,667 --> 00:29:20,500
Paca's sister, Carmen,
was furious.
530
00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:25,700
She told her husband,
José, and they got a horse
531
00:29:25,867 --> 00:29:27,667
and soon went chasing them.
532
00:29:29,467 --> 00:29:32,667
It's said that they hid
behind some undergrowth
533
00:29:32,834 --> 00:29:33,967
as the lovers approached,
534
00:29:34,133 --> 00:29:36,500
and then they jumped out
to confront them.
535
00:29:37,567 --> 00:29:40,200
José had a revolver.
536
00:29:40,367 --> 00:29:45,165
He brought it out and he just
shot three times, three shots,
537
00:29:45,166 --> 00:29:47,366
and killed Francisco.
538
00:29:47,367 --> 00:29:52,999
And apparently,
Carmen told José,
539
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:56,567
"I'll be in charge
of my sister."
540
00:29:56,734 --> 00:30:00,866
Carmen begins strangling her
until...
541
00:30:00,867 --> 00:30:03,700
well, until
she stops moving.
542
00:30:03,867 --> 00:30:07,567
The murderous couple fled
the scene and left the bodies
543
00:30:07,734 --> 00:30:10,166
to be discovered by the other
guests, out looking.
544
00:30:11,467 --> 00:30:14,166
They found Francisco
dead on the floor,
545
00:30:14,333 --> 00:30:15,867
and Paca nearby,
546
00:30:16,033 --> 00:30:18,000
desperately clinging to life.
547
00:30:19,567 --> 00:30:23,900
At first, Paca was unwilling
to reveal who had attacked her,
548
00:30:24,066 --> 00:30:27,100
fearing it would bring shame
to the family.
549
00:30:27,266 --> 00:30:30,099
But she eventually identified
the assailants
550
00:30:30,100 --> 00:30:33,566
to the authorities,
and a trial date was set.
551
00:30:33,567 --> 00:30:36,667
Her sister Carmen was found
guilty of attempted murder,
552
00:30:36,834 --> 00:30:40,099
but she served
just 15 months in jail.
553
00:30:40,100 --> 00:30:43,866
Her husband,
who killed Francisco,
554
00:30:43,867 --> 00:30:45,367
was sentenced to just
555
00:30:45,533 --> 00:30:47,867
eight years in prison
for the murder.
556
00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:52,165
The events of that night
were a media sensation.
557
00:30:52,166 --> 00:30:54,999
Newspapers across the country
wrote about
558
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:57,967
this horrific incident.
559
00:30:58,133 --> 00:31:01,000
The breathless coverage
also caught the attention
560
00:31:01,166 --> 00:31:03,400
of a well-known
Spanish author.
561
00:31:03,567 --> 00:31:07,767
It inspired one
of his greatest works.
562
00:31:07,934 --> 00:31:12,265
Five years on, Federico García
Lorca premiered his play,
563
00:31:12,266 --> 00:31:14,266
"Bodas de sangre",
564
00:31:14,433 --> 00:31:16,600
or "Blood Wedding."
565
00:31:16,767 --> 00:31:19,667
The play opens
to nationwide acclaim
566
00:31:19,834 --> 00:31:22,265
and to this day it's performed
around the world.
567
00:31:22,266 --> 00:31:25,000
And the story
of the terrible events
568
00:31:25,166 --> 00:31:28,066
that took place on this
farmstead are immortalized.
569
00:31:28,233 --> 00:31:31,266
Paca died in 1987.
570
00:31:31,433 --> 00:31:34,667
She refused to ever talk
about what happened
571
00:31:34,834 --> 00:31:36,165
at this remote farm.
572
00:31:36,166 --> 00:31:38,200
She lived out her days
as a recluse
573
00:31:38,367 --> 00:31:39,867
in a house
near the Cortijo.
574
00:31:40,033 --> 00:31:41,666
She never married again,
575
00:31:41,667 --> 00:31:44,300
and it's said she wore black
for the rest of her life,
576
00:31:44,467 --> 00:31:47,166
in mourning
for her true love, Francisco.
577
00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:57,099
After the events of the blood
wedding faded into the past,
578
00:31:57,100 --> 00:32:00,567
life at the Cortijo
returned to normal.
579
00:32:00,734 --> 00:32:04,100
Yet, that all changed
in the 1960s.
580
00:32:04,867 --> 00:32:07,166
This is the age
of the Spaghetti Westerns,
581
00:32:07,333 --> 00:32:10,700
Western movies with Italian
directors, great soundtracks,
582
00:32:10,867 --> 00:32:12,867
and they're filmed
in Italy and Spain.
583
00:32:14,600 --> 00:32:19,800
Of all the Spaghetti Western
directors, none is more famous
584
00:32:19,967 --> 00:32:25,866
than Sergio Leone and his
iconic "Dollars" trilogy.
585
00:32:25,867 --> 00:32:29,099
The Cortijo would be chosen
to play a key role
586
00:32:29,100 --> 00:32:30,500
in two of those movies,
587
00:32:30,667 --> 00:32:33,100
1965's
"For a Few Dollars More"
588
00:32:33,266 --> 00:32:36,700
and "The Good, the Bad
and the Ugly" in 1966,
589
00:32:36,867 --> 00:32:40,200
both starring Clint Eastwood.
590
00:32:40,367 --> 00:32:44,766
It's even said that the harsh
Almería sun was so bright
591
00:32:44,767 --> 00:32:47,400
it forced Eastwood to keep
his eyes half-closed,
592
00:32:47,567 --> 00:32:52,367
giving rise to that famous,
intense, gimlet stare.
593
00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:57,165
But its fame couldn't save it
from decay,
594
00:32:57,166 --> 00:33:01,100
and the abandoned farm
slowly descends into ruin.
595
00:33:07,100 --> 00:33:12,265
On the Albanian coast stands
the faded icon of an era
596
00:33:12,266 --> 00:33:15,467
ruled by Europe's
most obscure dynasty.
597
00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:22,800
It's neither
ancient nor modern.
598
00:33:22,967 --> 00:33:26,900
It could be, from some angles,
a mid-century hotel,
599
00:33:27,066 --> 00:33:32,566
but it also has the aspect
of kind of a Moorish palace.
600
00:33:32,567 --> 00:33:35,165
The inside is just as stunning.
601
00:33:35,166 --> 00:33:37,400
The ceilings are adorned
with ornate plaster,
602
00:33:37,567 --> 00:33:41,400
and the staircases
are solid marble.
603
00:33:41,567 --> 00:33:43,667
This was clearly built
to impress.
604
00:33:44,867 --> 00:33:48,000
The man behind
this hilltop citadel
605
00:33:48,166 --> 00:33:50,367
was infamous
for his iron will,
606
00:33:50,867 --> 00:33:54,500
respected and feared
in equal measure.
607
00:33:54,667 --> 00:33:56,500
He was considered a traitor,
608
00:33:56,667 --> 00:33:57,833
a dictator,
609
00:33:57,834 --> 00:34:01,100
and one of the most important
politicians of the country
610
00:34:01,266 --> 00:34:03,400
during the 20th century.
611
00:34:03,567 --> 00:34:06,466
His extravagance and his hubris
brought in great wealth.
612
00:34:06,467 --> 00:34:09,066
It's what built
places like this.
613
00:34:09,233 --> 00:34:13,367
But with a spectacular rise
comes a spectacular fall.
614
00:34:18,066 --> 00:34:20,866
Andi Penari
is a state historian
615
00:34:20,867 --> 00:34:24,266
and expert on the period
in Albanian history
616
00:34:24,433 --> 00:34:28,066
when one man
revolutionized the country.
617
00:34:28,233 --> 00:34:30,500
I mean, mixed feelings in here,
618
00:34:30,667 --> 00:34:33,266
visiting the entrance
of this beautiful villa,
619
00:34:34,266 --> 00:34:39,100
'cause it reminds us of a time
when aristocracy and nobility
620
00:34:39,266 --> 00:34:43,867
managed to control the country.
621
00:34:44,033 --> 00:34:48,500
It belongs to the most powerful
men of the period.
622
00:34:48,667 --> 00:34:51,766
In the early 20th century,
Ahmed Zogolli
623
00:34:51,767 --> 00:34:57,265
was a regional governor
in northern Albania.
624
00:34:57,266 --> 00:35:02,400
But his ambition stretched
far beyond his home region.
625
00:35:02,567 --> 00:35:06,566
Starting especially from the end
of the First World War,
626
00:35:06,567 --> 00:35:09,600
he became
the Minister of Interior
627
00:35:09,767 --> 00:35:13,466
and slowly started to gain
more and more power.
628
00:35:13,467 --> 00:35:19,967
But in 1924, Zogolli was ousted
after a leftist revolt.
629
00:35:20,133 --> 00:35:21,999
He returned seven months later
630
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:24,500
with the backing
of a mercenary army
631
00:35:24,667 --> 00:35:27,100
and seized control
of the country,
632
00:35:27,266 --> 00:35:30,467
later installing himself
as president.
633
00:35:31,367 --> 00:35:33,667
But he was not
an enlightened leader.
634
00:35:33,834 --> 00:35:36,265
He was a brutal semi-dictator.
635
00:35:36,266 --> 00:35:40,000
He had no qualms about killing
off his political opponents.
636
00:35:40,166 --> 00:35:42,066
The power-hungry tyrant,
637
00:35:42,233 --> 00:35:44,900
who had by now changed
his name to Zogu,
638
00:35:45,066 --> 00:35:47,999
was still not content.
639
00:35:48,000 --> 00:35:52,000
His dream was to be recognized
as actual royalty.
640
00:35:55,867 --> 00:35:56,867
2
In the 1920s,
641
00:35:57,033 --> 00:36:00,265
Albania was ruled over
by Ahmed Zogu
642
00:36:00,266 --> 00:36:02,466
with an iron fist.
643
00:36:02,467 --> 00:36:04,766
Yet he wanted to be much more
644
00:36:04,767 --> 00:36:07,265
than just
the country's president.
645
00:36:07,266 --> 00:36:08,867
With plenty of enemies,
646
00:36:09,033 --> 00:36:10,967
Zogu realized that he wasn't
gonna succeed
647
00:36:11,133 --> 00:36:12,666
without backing from abroad,
648
00:36:12,667 --> 00:36:15,366
and he found a willing partner
in Mussolini's Italy.
649
00:36:16,633 --> 00:36:19,566
Mussolini saw Albania
as a strategic asset
650
00:36:19,567 --> 00:36:20,699
in the Balkan region
651
00:36:20,700 --> 00:36:24,166
that could strengthen
his own fascist dictatorship.
652
00:36:24,333 --> 00:36:27,099
He was happy to pour money
into the country
653
00:36:27,100 --> 00:36:32,266
in exchange for influence
over its economy and society.
654
00:36:32,433 --> 00:36:35,367
Zogu now had
the support he needed
655
00:36:35,533 --> 00:36:38,967
to fulfill
his despotic desire.
656
00:36:39,133 --> 00:36:43,099
In 1928,
with Italian approval,
657
00:36:43,100 --> 00:36:47,100
Zogu refashioned the governance
of the entire country
658
00:36:47,266 --> 00:36:51,867
and named himself Zog I,
King of Albania.
659
00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:56,667
So he was the man
who controlled
660
00:36:56,834 --> 00:36:57,967
almost everything.
661
00:36:58,967 --> 00:37:00,967
He even developed
a Zogu salute,
662
00:37:01,133 --> 00:37:02,266
which was a flat hand
663
00:37:02,433 --> 00:37:04,100
placed at the chest with
the palm down.
664
00:37:06,567 --> 00:37:09,700
Next, the newly crowned
King Zog
665
00:37:09,867 --> 00:37:13,367
embarked on a series
of costly building projects.
666
00:37:14,467 --> 00:37:17,800
This one was called
the Royal Villa of Durrës.
667
00:37:19,467 --> 00:37:21,766
The palace was
finished in 1937.
668
00:37:21,767 --> 00:37:23,866
It had Italian marble,
669
00:37:23,867 --> 00:37:25,800
elaborate plaster work,
670
00:37:25,967 --> 00:37:28,866
all the best finishings in art.
671
00:37:28,867 --> 00:37:31,700
The idea was a place for
the royal family to come
672
00:37:31,867 --> 00:37:34,667
during the summer
to escape the heat of the city.
673
00:37:35,767 --> 00:37:37,467
But trouble was brewing.
674
00:37:38,367 --> 00:37:41,367
Mussolini had loaned Albania
in excess
675
00:37:41,533 --> 00:37:44,366
of approximately $20 million,
676
00:37:44,367 --> 00:37:47,265
worth around
$400 million today.
677
00:37:47,266 --> 00:37:51,367
And he wanted to see a return
on his investment.
678
00:37:52,567 --> 00:37:55,500
Mussolini wanted to exert
more control,
679
00:37:55,667 --> 00:37:57,367
not just over the government,
680
00:37:57,533 --> 00:38:00,667
even over
Albanian culture.
681
00:38:00,834 --> 00:38:03,967
They were even mandating
that Italian be taught
682
00:38:04,133 --> 00:38:06,767
in Albanian schools,
but the king refused.
683
00:38:08,767 --> 00:38:11,467
Mussolini became
increasingly frustrated
684
00:38:11,633 --> 00:38:14,400
with Zog's refusal to comply.
685
00:38:14,567 --> 00:38:18,165
In April 1939,
he ordered his troops
686
00:38:18,166 --> 00:38:20,466
to invade Albania.
687
00:38:20,467 --> 00:38:22,900
They landed
a small military force,
688
00:38:23,066 --> 00:38:25,165
and after some minor resistance,
689
00:38:25,166 --> 00:38:27,466
quickly took over the country.
690
00:38:27,467 --> 00:38:30,867
This was a stunning fall
from grace.
691
00:38:31,033 --> 00:38:32,999
Zog had created a monarchy
692
00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:36,666
out of sheer force of will
and political power,
693
00:38:36,667 --> 00:38:39,567
but he was deposed and exiled
694
00:38:39,734 --> 00:38:41,400
by his greatest ally.
695
00:38:41,567 --> 00:38:45,000
King Zog would never again
step foot in his homeland
696
00:38:45,166 --> 00:38:47,600
and live the rest of his life
as an exile
697
00:38:47,767 --> 00:38:50,166
in England, Egypt, and France.
698
00:38:51,567 --> 00:38:53,200
After World War II,
699
00:38:53,367 --> 00:38:56,766
another political earthquake
swept Albania
700
00:38:56,767 --> 00:38:59,866
when it was taken over
by a communist regime
701
00:38:59,867 --> 00:39:02,400
that operated
under the protective umbrella
702
00:39:02,567 --> 00:39:04,032
of the Soviet Union.
703
00:39:04,033 --> 00:39:07,999
A royal palace had no place in
the new People's Republic,
704
00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:10,600
so it was repurposed as a civil
government building.
705
00:39:12,100 --> 00:39:15,800
But when communism crumbled
in the early 1990s,
706
00:39:15,967 --> 00:39:20,567
Albania's switch to democracy
created a new set of problems.
707
00:39:21,367 --> 00:39:24,100
Zog's former palace
would be drawn
708
00:39:24,266 --> 00:39:26,566
into the turmoil
that followed.
709
00:39:26,567 --> 00:39:29,867
Like so many other previously
communist countries,
710
00:39:30,033 --> 00:39:34,367
they didn't have the economic
or legal infrastructure
711
00:39:34,533 --> 00:39:38,567
to really make the transition
to free market capitalism.
712
00:39:38,734 --> 00:39:40,700
Corruption was everywhere.
713
00:39:40,867 --> 00:39:44,099
The rudimentary financial
system was soon dominated
714
00:39:44,100 --> 00:39:45,199
by Ponzi schemes,
715
00:39:45,200 --> 00:39:49,066
and even
government officials-backed
pyramid schemes.
716
00:39:50,000 --> 00:39:54,100
The pyramid schemes quickly
began to default on payments
717
00:39:54,266 --> 00:39:56,967
and declared
themselves bankrupt.
718
00:39:57,133 --> 00:40:00,600
Almost overnight, hundreds of
thousands of people
719
00:40:00,767 --> 00:40:03,367
saw their savings vanish.
720
00:40:03,533 --> 00:40:07,666
The government collapsed,
and anarchy ensued.
721
00:40:07,667 --> 00:40:09,666
Protests spread like wildfire,
722
00:40:09,667 --> 00:40:11,766
and arms depots
began to be looted
723
00:40:11,767 --> 00:40:14,099
across the country.
724
00:40:14,100 --> 00:40:17,667
One report estimates
that every Albanian male
725
00:40:17,834 --> 00:40:19,700
from the age of 10 upwards
726
00:40:19,867 --> 00:40:22,867
had at least one firearm
in their possession.
727
00:40:23,033 --> 00:40:25,867
This was absolute chaos.
728
00:40:26,033 --> 00:40:27,800
In the harbor below the villa,
729
00:40:27,967 --> 00:40:29,566
people streamed onto ships
730
00:40:29,567 --> 00:40:30,867
to flee the country.
731
00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:36,366
In March 1997, with Albania
on the brink of civil war,
732
00:40:36,367 --> 00:40:40,000
the violent disorder reached
King Zog's lavish villa.
733
00:40:40,867 --> 00:40:42,400
People came in,
734
00:40:42,567 --> 00:40:43,999
they took almost everything
in here.
735
00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:46,900
There were poor people
trying to steal
736
00:40:47,066 --> 00:40:48,366
to get some money.
737
00:40:48,367 --> 00:40:52,200
So after that, the villa was
totally, let's say, abandoned.
738
00:40:52,367 --> 00:40:53,967
And it remains like this.
739
00:40:54,133 --> 00:40:55,567
When you see it, you feel sad.
740
00:40:55,734 --> 00:40:58,266
And you see that,
yeah, we built it.
741
00:40:58,433 --> 00:41:00,066
We have destroyed it.
742
00:41:04,567 --> 00:41:07,600
Today, King Zog's villa
sits neglected
743
00:41:07,767 --> 00:41:09,700
above a modernizing city.
744
00:41:09,867 --> 00:41:12,999
His family came back to Albania
in 2002
745
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:15,967
and later reclaimed
the property.
746
00:41:16,133 --> 00:41:19,467
They then sold it
to private owners in 2023.
747
00:41:20,967 --> 00:41:25,667
King Zog's grandson is the head
of the royal family,
748
00:41:25,834 --> 00:41:29,100
but any return to power at this
point seems pretty unlikely.
60291
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