Original subtitles

I used to visit all the very gay places those come what made places where one

relaxes on the axes on the wheel of life to get the feel of life

I had deep respect for Henry Kissinger his knowledge his background and his

philosophic out well I thought he was intelligent charming and just a good

I'll i can be respected I think he has been a major force in our lives

dr. Kissinger is perhaps one of the major scholars in America and the world

a day in this area

he was a fascinating mixture of power and strategy

it wasn't just that power made you a celebrity it sometimes that just

creating yourself as a celebrity gave you more power requirements mall

everyone has a new york dream

thank you so much for visiting our planet dr. Kissinger

it was fun I don't want to know if your glasses turn up

I think isn't it was clearly an extraordinarily brilliant man but he did

have this i think this fatal floor of preferring to act without public

scrutiny one harper's magazine this month there's an article called the case

against henry kissinger in the making of a war criminal explain Christopher

I think he's a war criminal

I think he's a liar

I think he's responsible for kidnapping or murder my own view is that if we held

Henry Kissinger to the standards we have begun to hold other leaders other

policymakers and the standards to which we help policymakers in germany and in

Japan after World War two

yes Kissinger ought to be the subject of an international tribunal ought to be

what are we to make of these accusations

Henry Kissinger is the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in the most famous

American diplomat in history yet

armed with recent evidence his critics claim that some of his past actions

amounted to crimes against humanity in a new climate of international justice

re-examination of kissing his career may be an honor

the important thing before people die or go senile like finisher here is to

punish them to provide retribution for the victims a sense that they haven't

all their relatives haven't died in vain and to provide a tarrant to make

dictators tyrants crew people will be there a generals or national security

advisors

now I think that if they take the wrong course and abuse their power they may be

held to and may be punished at some time in the future

mmm

yeah

yeah

well if I ask myself why i began my investigation into tender kiss again it

would go back as far as when I'm i realized that he was a frightened now

because I became aware that he was personally frightened by the

consequences of the rest of General Pinochet with the news of that here

chili general augusto pinochet has been arrested by police in London the 82 year

old generals being held at the request of the authorities in Spain who accused

him of the murder of spanish citizens when he was in power in 1998 the front

page of the New York Times announced that in cooperation with the case

against General Pinochet the US government would release classified

documents revealing American involvement in killings and torture in Chile

Kissinger may have received the news with some concern as suggested by a

phone call with his publisher

that's mr. quarter for dr. Kissinger Henry hi how are you

no I wasn't calling out of the patient's i was calling only to say that you're

getting all the publicity you would want to the new york times but not the kind

that you want

they'll release these papers he

this is astonished judge appealing to an English Court about a chilean head of

state so it's it

yeah but it's also Spain has no Ratan national jurisdiction over events in

Chile anyway so that it makes absolutely no sense

the day the British police an arm of state power go out to the house of

agosto picture and declare him under house arrest is a victory for an idea

litigator with a special interest in human rights and universal standards of

so that's that's our bases now the next question is what we're gonna sue

Tyga thinks that Henry Kissinger may have reason to be concerned about the

new precedent set by the events surrounding the Pinochet arrest in

London you know here's this magistrate that everybody thought he's a good

friend of maggie thatcher and he's just going to toss the case out right

well he writes one law for one world that's what he wrote his judgment for me

I tell you something

the most dramatic moment of the hearing about furniture was the testimony of the

Scotland Yard officer on such a tight

I was handed a warrant and i went to a house 1130

I was showing and i went in and i turned right and then went into a room I saw

men that I recognized as the prisoner president is not a grateful

the prisoner and I walked up to him and he stood and I said Augusta pitch at you

thought busted by

well I never like to miss a chance to confront Henry Kissinger and I don't get

the area of so now he has canceled that's four times now this year

what I yearn for is the chance for some quality time with him he refused to

want to confront him and make him realize that sir me

we're not going to stop asking

in early two thousand and one author christopher hitchens published the trial

of henry kissinger first released is to articles and Harper's Magazine the book

accuses the former secretary of state of war crimes and crimes against humanity

and asks for a formal legal inquiry the statement Henry Kissinger is a war

criminal

the statement i've been making for many years is now not a piece of rhetoric not

a matter for her

it's a job description across the u.s. kitchens improbable crusade attracted

interest with a pen for a lance he was tilting at the windmill of kissing his

reputation

christopher hitchens as you no doubt know is out with a new book called the

trial of Henry a Kissinger it is very rough on you and as a book devoted to

criticism out and i'm going to deal with with good to the kitchen

he's a man who attacked the mother Terry's that Jackie Kennedy a set the

Holocaust never existed

and I'm not gonna do him the favor of getting into a debate with him

I can't have it set of the hymen anti-semite or not just emphasize that

I'm story is too much it crosses my line and dr. Kissinger by now we'll have

knows to be 4i haven't read his book

Frank the was so disgusted by his magazine piece

sure pipe sucker

he sucks the sewer pipe I was not concerned that Kissinger would sue

harper's magazine because then he Kissinger would have to go to some form

of legal disclosure I mean if you accuse the magazine or you accuse Hitchens of

libel then that allows our lawyers to ask questions and subpoenaed documents

and try to establish the truth of the matter and that is not something i think

that Kissinger

would welcome Kissinger's & Myers. to his impact is a global strategist during

the Cold War era he saw international diplomacy as a grand game of finding the

right balance between opposing superpowers

I think that kissing his greatest accomplishment was a triangle and

diplomacy in which he was able to balance China off against the Soviet

Union and have America retain a role in the world after Vietnam when it would

have been natural for us to retreat

indonesia and chile where Kissinger may have needlessly sacrifice human lives to

pursue strategic goals that this man could operate at such a horrible level

and not get exposed for a year after year after year after year how many

people came out against them is an embarrassment to my profession I gotta

tell you the dark side of Henry Kissinger is very very dark

born and first germany in 1923 Henry Kissinger was 10 years old when the

nazis came to power the son of Jewish academics

he was increasingly alienated from the society in which he lived

I think Henry Kissinger grew up with that odd mix of ego and insecurity that

comes from being the smartest kid in the class from really knowing that you more

awesomely intelligent than anybody else but also being the guy who got beaten up

because he was Jewish

in 1938 the Kissinger family fled to the United States and settled in New York

City

Henry Kissinger was 15 in 1944 just six years after emigrating to America

Kissinger return to Germany this time wearing an American uniform Kissinger

was in the counterintelligence Corps and was stationed to some place and the

American occupation zone and once or twice

Jewish refugees that was obviously something that weighed on as we got out

early and we didn't suffer the ultimate consequences of being the enemy in a

totalitarian society when the war ended

Kissinger returned to his hometown a hundred miles south of book involved the

synagogue with his family worshipped had been burned to the ground

13 of his relatives had died in the camps consciousness that societies can

take a very evil turn this separates me from many Americans who have never seen

it

can't imagine it I think you can come out of the Holocaust experience with

many different outlooks but they're two extremes

one of which is you say never again and you have a very moralistic foreign

policy at the other extreme is a great realpolitik of realism in foreign policy

Kissinger of course had a mix of both but he was mainly on the spectrum of the

power politics player he believed that in the end what really mattered was

power after the war Kissinger was admitted to Harvard as an undergraduate

and a graduate student Kissinger and renowned as a student of foreign policy

in his writings he expressed an interest in metonymic and otto von bismarck men

of power cunning and skillful diplomacy

his grounding was European not just because he came from Europe because he

was a he was a young man when he left but historically his intellectual

interests

the diplomatic age of europe

he was fascinated with the art of diplomacy and of course in those days a

lot of diplomacy was secret and some of it even duplicitous kisses flair for

international diplomacy brought him to the attention of Nelson Rockefeller

Republican politician from one of America's wealthiest families

to let the Russians of sentiment a hundred eighty six miles into the sky

and return him

recommendations of the Rockefeller report it indicates that the residents

have rocket engines of very great for us and probably upgraded trust can be have

at the moment

Henry Kissinger published a book called nuclear weapons and foreign policy in

which he argued for a bomb shelter in every house and a doctrine of limited

nuclear war in the new york times he received an admiring review from Edward

Teller the father of the hydrogen ball believe up there acapella group is that

we have to go into production on Barbara's at the same time that we build

up our middle forward as Rockefeller campaign for the Republican presidential

seat of political power in Washington but at the convention Rockefeller would

lose the nomination to Richard Nixon his political ambition stalled Kissinger was

offered a position in the Nixon campaign

he declined but he would soon find an unlikely route to power through the

Vietnam War

yeah

no account indochina wars is complete without the name of Henry Casilla

it's one of those occasions where the will to power of an individual really

counts as historical fact by 1968 Kissinger had visited Vietnam three

times and had become an advisor to the Johnson administration his impression

was that the war was unwinnable but a withdrawal of US forces would damage

American credibility

accordingly I shall not see to devote his full attention to finding peace in

vietnam

President Johnson decided not to run for re-election in 1968 at your pro

Johnson's withdrawal left vice president hubert humphrey to face

just end to the war

I would not use atomic weapons in Vietnam

I would not invade North Vietnam and it's a deadly i would not invade any of

the other countries in the area of vietnam in Paris representatives of the

johnson administration were negotiating with the North Vietnamese in an effort

to end the war

we had been in Paris since may of 68 and we got nowhere because retrospect

there was only one issue with the United States going to get out and be defeated

and nobody was prepared to say yes

we've lost the war is over Kissinger was an adviser to the negotiators who are

authorized to provide him with privileged information

Kissinger was in Paris in September of 1968

I thought he was intelligent charming and just a good companion but what

davidson and other members of the Johnson team did not know was that on

September tenth Kissinger had contacted the Nixon campaign by telephone

we certainly did not know it was in your shared his analysis of what was

happening with them

and he was probably right for the most brilliant mind available to them and the

most sophisticated analyst Nixon as it will recognize talent when he sees it he

doesn't like Jews

he doesn't like intellectuals but he loves fifty six it was

because he knows what to do without being told Richard Nixon himself says

that he admired kissing of his ability to supply secret information

Nixon was afraid that a peace accord in Paris might cost him the election cousin

of notices something

richard nixon is prepared to undercut mr. Johnson and mr. Humphrey the

President the Vice President and the negotiations in Paris kissing you had a

very conspiratorial in sometimes manipulative character he really like to

please

various sides you like to ingratiate himself in the Paris peace talks

he was willing to talk about the Johnson Humphrey camp as well as the Nixon camp

Kissinger told the Nixon campaign the Johnson team was close to an agreement

with North Vietnam until the deal was final the Johnson team wanted to keep

the negotiations secret from South Vietnam but Nixon had opened a secret

channel of communication with south vietnamese president to the go-between

was an ashen no information information information and knowing that i traveled

to Asia quite frequently messages to solve Vietnam always gone through me in

late-september Kissinger return to harvard as the election approached he

kept in contact with both negotiators in Paris and with members of the Nixon

campaign he was getting information from both sides he probably giving

information to both sighs -

whoever when he's going to go to their size by the way Kissinger expected to

work for whoever the next president was you offered me a job

the next administration in September of 1968 really is independent of the

president's name right on October thirty-first Henry Kissinger called the

Nixon campaign to say that there had been a breakthrough in the talks

I've got some important information said Kissinger they're breaking out the

champagne in Paris 12 hours later the announcement was made the bombing of

North Vietnam would cease and final negotiations would begin the prospect of

peace give Humphrey a last-minute surge in the polls and then finally just a few

days before the election

we're moving to substantive negotiations for the first time and they're great

hopes that time but just three days before the election President to defied

Johnson and refused to join the peace negotiations

certainly one reason is the advice they got from Nixon's people

it's clear that they were being told to hold out and not go to Paris the FBI

surveillance of the Nixon teams contacts with to confirm this

hold on he was told we're gonna win and without the participation of south

vietnam the peace talks collapsed

richard nixon won the popular vote by a margin of less than one percent and we

know further that mr. cousins opinion of mr. Nixon was very low

why is he suddenly doing this tremendous favor George election campaign to

someone for whom he has nothing but contempt

why it's in the hope of a political reward dr. henry kissinger has agreed to

come with the White House staff as the assistant to the president elected for

national security affairs

I was sitting in the lobby waiting to get the sea

the president-elect and there was this

Rockefeller man as he was described to me going in to see him and what happened

was that the Nixon stoli the crown jewel out of his longtime adversaries crown

and that was Henry Kissinger the most brilliant man on the Rockefeller staff

dr. Kissinger is perhaps one of the major scholars in America and the world

a day in this area

he has never yet had a full-time government assignment and he will bring

to this responsibility a fresh approach

I did not voted Nixon when he appointed me as its security advice it

in fact i had spend three presidential campaigns backing governor nelson

rockefeller against richard nixon

so when you read about how carefully I plotted my way into Nixon's proximity

and want to teach that to your children say support the opponent of the man you

for whom you under work - I think he saw what he did is betrayal of the peace

process or the move by Johnson to stop the bombing halt

I really think this guy doesn't see it that way

you saw it as a means to an end which is why it's such a good apparatchik is n

was getting that job

i Richard bill calls Nixon do solemnly swear upon taking office Nixon and

Kissinger moved to structure the administration in a way that would give

the new national security adviser unprecedented power

dr. Kissinger is setting up at the present time a very exciting new

procedure to revitalize the National Security Council

it's centralized control gave Nixon you know and and Kissinger on foreign policy

a tremendous amount of sort of day-to-day control they can control the

paper movement they can control a lot of the policy options

it's true also that Henry kissing your chaired most of the committees and

subcommittees and that gave him unusual authority for my staff Kissinger

personally selected a team of policy experts drawn from academia

I like to very much and I was happy to follow him I told him in September

any generation since since world war two Kissinger also invited Harvard scholar

roger morris to join the National Security Council Nixon set the general

line of American policy but Kissinger really is the conductor of the train

he's the engineer he's the the policymaker the most importantly is in

liaison with the Pentagon with the Joint Chiefs of Staff with the CIA

he's conducting the diplomacy as well as the military policies the major

immediate goal of our foreign policy is to bring an end to the war in Vietnam

Nixon renewed his campaign pledge to bring an honorable end to the war in

private

Moscow had been convinced that we were going to do everything necessary to win

that war and when it promptly they would advise their clients to pull back

Kissinger's definition of an honorable indoor of a decent into the war I think

I had nothing much to do with with honor or with decency

it had to do with American credibility these of the the Soviets and in the long

run visa be the Chinese that Kissinger was concerned and so was Nixon at the

United States not appear weak or indecisive or vacillating as Kissinger

is supposed to have said and I don't know if he ever did that our goal is to

have a decent interval between with toral American forces on the rape and

the first version they were looking for

remember what the 68 campaign was about they had a plan they were looking for an

easy way to get out the vietnam war had just done done

the the predecessor President Johnson it's it's hard for you to understand

what a huge burden this was on these people in order to achieve peace with

honor

Nixon and Kissinger wanted to show ha noi that the new president would use

extreme force to prosecute the war that he was capable of anything

it was an idea called the madman theory

less than a month into Nixon's presidency he and Kissinger began

planning an attack against North Vietnamese sanctuaries in neighboring

cambodia the Americans started bombing Cambodia in 1969

soon after Nixon came into office because they had a problem the problem

was that whole areas of eastern Cambodia which was in theory a neutral country

not on the side of the North Vietnamese or the South Vietnamese whole areas of

the country had been taken over

by the North Vietnamese communists and they were using them as staging areas

and basis for their attacks on the south vietnamese army's in south vietnam and

on the American army in South Vietnam Cambodia Thailand

they were overrun the whole Peninsula this became one of those the greatness

of the Vietnam War was that the key to success was getting rid of the the

vietnamese communist bases on the Cambodian side of the port

Cambodia's and magnetic Princess Fiona can manage to keep his country out of

the Vietnam War he hoped to avoid taking sides and so prevent an open violation

of cambodia's neutrality

this led to all sorts of problems because taking the war secretly into a

neutral country meant you had to to to destroy the actual records or to conceal

them very effectively to lie in fact

well it was a because the motivation was for the secrecy because it was illegal

so I mean that simple

require the approval of the US Congress

I don't know that Congress would have allowed it the last thing Congress

wanted then was an expansion of a war in February 1969 in a secret meeting on Air

Force One Kissinger and his aide alexander haig met with air force

colonel raise certain to plan for the secret bombing of Cambodia with

Kissinger want it done was they are sitting to find a way in the master

bombing so nobody would know what's going on and sit in it

menu and each of the targets were different

all supposed to be different North Vietnamese bases in Cambodia and they

were called after names of meals breakfast lunch dinner snack

starting with breakfast Kissinger approved a plan to conceal the Cambodian

bombing missions from military records under this duel reporting system

b 52 pilots would be pre assigned targets in south vietnam in mid-flight

their planes would be re-routed by ground radar stations and guided to

secret targets in Cambodia the returning pilots would report that their bombs

have been dropped on South Vietnam Cambodia would never appear in the

record I think Kissinger was clearly an extraordinarily brilliant man and

brilliant and also a manipulative and also very secretive under Kissinger

supervision

the US for 3600 secret missions over Cambodia in 14 months

dropping a hundred and ten thousand tons of bombs Colonel sittin recalled that

Henry Kissinger was intimately involved in the direction and timing of the

bombing raids real attention to the cruelties of the details

to say that a country can occupy a part of another country

kill your people and that then you are violating its neutrality

when you respond against the foreign truths that are on that neutral

territory

I it is a little hypocrisy one week after the first bombs had fallen and

Cambodia rumors of the operation began to surface in the press

Kissinger contacted the FBI to request that wire taps be used to find the

source of the leaks

close relations it legitimized me there was a reporter writer

commentator for the New York Times and everybody felt a little creepy about

uses mix an apologist to writing for the time but then when it turned out that i

he wiretapped aids & associates in the Pentagon

I was one of the people who was wiretapped while serving under him

I cannot forgive him for being a party to it or four never apologizing

it was not one of the things that filled me with a while

joy on the other hand it also seemed the way by which it could be demonstrated

that my staff was loyal but i'm sure they were complex of reasons that that

to fortify his position as nixon's deputy he was endlessly playing off his

own staff one against the other and playing them off against the President

and there was a lot of Jackie

as much power as possible to him

or Beijing or any of our rivals in the world the real Hospital powers were the

rest of the American government the Department of State the White House

stand the CIA the Defense Department those were Henry's principal adversaries

because they were the rivals for for power in Washington like a moth to flame

Henry Kissinger was always attracted to his critics and the best way to get him

to return your phone call was to write something negative

he understood more about my profession the most of us he always understood if

you could get the three networks and Time and Newsweek he was home free

what makes a man sexy what you know what is it is it money the whole thing and

Henry says power it is the ultimate aphrodisiac

he cultivated the press before anybody even knew it was possible to do

he realized that in this celebrity-obsessed aid that if you

became a celebrity

and said are you a swinger and I said I'm too busy to any public swinging and

I don't want you to think that I don't do any swing so why don't you just

Henry used his flamboyant personal life to cover up his professional life and it

gave him a lot of cover he could go and have meetings he could do things he

could take stand and everybody is concentrating on our kissing to the

swinger you love the thrill of dating starts dating beautiful women these were

as a sense of fun

a sense of knowing that he could be in the limelight that he could be with

beautiful people that he got a thrill from it and we get to the restaurant and

Sinatra who was terribly paranoid he's saying

Oh everybody says i have mafia connections I don't have mommy

connections and Henry said that's too bad

Frank I need somebody to take care of my enemies

Kissinger as enemies in Vietnam continue to haunt him

while the war dragged on an official state department delegation met with the

North Vietnamese in Paris but Kissinger was confident he could secure more

favorable terms he opened a second channel of secret talks with North

Vietnamese negotiator lay duct oh and we were told that those negotiations were

to be kept secret not only of course from the public not only from the media

but also from the rest of the US government

neither the secretary of state nor the Secretary of Defense were to know

anything about it

and Henry was flying off quite to secretly on weekends to meet with late

October and swan tree in Paris at a safe house

this was all very conspiratorial full of intrigue which he loved he put out the

story that he was meeting a girlfriend Jill st. John or someone in New York

when in fact he was in Paris negotiating with the North Vietnamese how do I get

out of it

because we're having a meeting today sir well do something for friday have a

you'll be meeting again tomorrow sir

we expect alien Kissinger secret talks made little progress toward peace in

vietnam but they did expand his power in Washington the negotiations that he

conducted their way of exercising his own control establishing his own

authority in the negotiating process as it became apparent that Nixon would turn

to Henry for strategy

he gained in that influence they gain some more self-confidence and made an

enormous contribution to Nixon's policy

secret bombing had failed to destroy the sanctuaries the North Vietnamese had

formed an alliance with Cambodian communists and had moved deeper into the

country

CIA supported cool

the Cambodian coo set off a kind of chain reaction inside the American

government in Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger denying CIA support for the

coup Kissinger and Nixon announced us support for the coup leader Ion all who

probably attacked the North Vietnamese means North Vietnam counter-attacked and

moved even deeper into Cambodia they saw that as a challenge again to American

strength to the credibility of American foreign policy

Nixon decided to invade cambodia to send a message to North Vietnam a few days

before the invasion

the president wants you to know Henry that if this doesn't work it's your ass

Kissinger told his staff are peerless leader has flipped out

but Kissinger defended and implemented the decision to invade saying which

scared North Vietnam Nixon would be more emphatic he said let's go blow the hell

out of them

I decided to resign

felt that that the Cambodian invasion was a betrayal of the president's pledge

to seek an honorable and just peace in vietnam

I knew that that piece was within our grasp I was intimately involved in the

negotiations

I knew that the other side was ready to agree that we were ready to agree and

that the Cambodian invasion really destroyed all of that devastated it for

years to come

and literally cost tens of thousands of American lives

hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese lives

in April thirtieth 1970 US forces invaded Cambodia Vietnam attacks are

being launched this week to clean out major enemy sanctuaries on the Cambodian

explosive nearly 500 American universities shut down and on the

morning of May fourth national guardsmen opened fire on 15 students at Kent State

University killing for as Nixon promise publicly to remove forces from Cambodia

Kissinger review to plan to increase the pressure on North Vietnam to surrender

Henry Kissinger began in the fall of nineteen sixty-nine in September to plan

a savage brutal blow against North Vietnam

these were his words he said to us as a Planning Group

I can't believe that a fourth-rate power like North Vietnam does not have a

breaking point for 11 days in december of 1972

and what became known as the Christmas bombing a hundred and twenty-nine b-52

bombers dropped 40,000 tons of bombs on how am I and high farm hitting a

hospital and other urban centers

what many did not know was that Kissinger had struck a piece of cord

with North Vietnam two months before but South Vietnam is present to the man who

had undermined the 68 peace talks will not accept the deal without proof that

the Americans would enforce it

the Christmas bombing had much more to do with the South Vietnamese than with

the North it was a gesture to the two regime it was a way of saying the United

States is willing to make this this one great last brutal blow against the North

they buon the North Vietnamese simply to persuade the South Vietnamese that they

meant it was a demonstration bombing it was a public relations mass murder from

the sky

the bombing did appease the south and Kissinger persuaded the North Vietnamese

to make a few cosmetic concessions in january nineteen seventy three kiss and

terms of peace were almost identical to the terms that johnson administration

and nearly secured before the election of 1968

half the names on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial incised in stone for dates

after january nineteen sixty-nine there is enough

marble in Washington to put all the names on one wall

we wouldn't dare try and put up a wall that had the names of all the enemies on

you don't end up here

then I shall receive the award to get over it my old colleague in the search

awarded the nobel prize for peace symbolize the end of the anguish and

suffering but to his embarrassment

Kissinger was unaware that lady octo would not attend the ceremony in Oz low

the Vietnamese counterpart with me shared history took to refuse to accept

the prize on the perfectly excellent pragmatic grounds that there was no

peace in vietnam to celebrate so there shouldn't be a price for it

I thought it was a a terrible travesty that he should be awarded a a peace

prize when in fact he was a war maker

not a not a war in der adapted Kissinger

what would you say was the high point of your tenure as Secretary of State and i

would say you 19 in 1973

then I run to know about Peace Prize for ending the Vietnam blah and the wall.

i'd say 1975 when the vietnam war ended

once the paris peace accords were signed in December of 72

that was that ended the American direct involvement in Vietnam but to preserve

peace with honor

Nixon and Kissinger decided to defend the anti communist regime and Cambodia

it was to be a secret mission air strikes against communist forces

directed by the American Embassy in phnom penh it made free the American Air

Force they could not bomb in Laos they could not bomb in Vietnam so that began

the the incredible bombing of Cambodia and this is when the number of bombs

Elizabeth becca covered the war in Cambodia from 1972 to 1974 we would be

able to hear the conversation between the pilot the American pilot in the air

and the American Embassy which was illegally directing the air strikes

we couldn't understand why there are so many civilian

casualties in this war why were they hitting all these civilians and villages

it was every nightmare of how you fight a war from nineteen sixty nine to

nineteen seventy three more than 500,000 Cambodians die

I 1974 the bombing had disrupted the nation's agricultural system and a

famine ensued over 2 million refugees poured into overcrowded cities American

policy in those years towards cambodia helped create the conditions

perhaps the only conditions in which the Khmer Rouge can't power the Khmer Rouge

drew strength from the chaos of the country when they seized power in 1975

they force populations of entire cities back to the countryside

then they began a policy of exterminating the enemies in execution

grounds that came to be known as killing fields by 1979 another three million

Cambodians had lost their lives

no one you what the Camaro's we're going to do

Khmer Rouge that sir

disgracefully dishonest thing to try to do but the carelessness with which the

United States treated cambodia as a sideshow to Vietnam did lead to disaster

to Cambodia congress authorized money for bombs in south vietnam and they went

into Cambodia and there's a criminal act for you

you know line and therefore I think anybody who died in Cambodia you could

argue criminally that they were guilty of murder one

people did nobody authorize them the bomb Cambodia there was no american war

in Cambodia before President Nixon and dr. Kissinger that is totally incorrect

I think we inherited a tragedy we attended to and succeeded in extricate

America with other from this tragedy

oh we inherited it no you did not inherited you created your the designers

of the Cambodian policy crimes against humanity are crimes but comprise

genocide or torture or mass murder committed on a widespread and systematic

basis against innocent civilian populations

you're talking about war crimes for example when world war two started and

that's that was criminal behavior you bomb troops you didn't Brown bomb

innocent civilians but the time the war was over we had virtually wiped out

virtually burned to the ground

so was that criminal

perhaps in July 1973 the detection of Nixon's taping system would lead to the

discovery of the Watergate cover-up

the indictment of key members of the White House staff and the end of the

led eventually to the employment of the plumbers which was a secret White House

team employed to stop leaks which led to Watergate which led to the fall of Nixon

so in a way the bombing of Cambodia was the first step in the chain that led to

the fall of nixon nixon resigned rather than face impeachment one of the

original articles of impeachment address the concealment of the Cambodian bombing

from Congress when the impeachment was dropped

so was the investigation into the secret bombing the new president gerald ford

retain Henry Kissinger as his secretary of state and pardoned Richard Nixon

Nixon managed to carve a shameful plea accept a pardon

his attorney general former campaign manager John Mitchell is put in an

send down the river no attorney general to have been to jail before but there

are more members of the innocent group all of them bound to each other by

criminal understanding is any one of them left of the people who were

involved in the foreign domestic crimes of the year

we're delighted to have such a large turnout tonight for what I know will be

an informative and perhaps provocative evening with our guest dr. Henry

advisor and Secretary of State and the reason i mention that it's because never

before and never since have relations between the White House and the State

Department penis ceremony 'as

that's a ver good notes days

Kissinger has written three best-selling books about his life

but in the deed of his government papers to the library of congress he has not

allowed anyone else to access them until five years after his death out was the

deed of the paper

the right thing to do I was it that it further our understanding of how they

operated

you know I mean by putting those papers away know of course that it simply was

real documents of his administration become known as Secretary of State under

smallest corners of the world in east timor a small island and the Indonesian

archipelago Henry Kissinger saw a communist threat to the global balance

the Indonesian detection thought it would be better if Indonesia occupied

and our next the people and territory of his team or

so they evolve the plan whereby they took the land and they subjected the

people to the campaign of genocide

but what is it is widely known as it could be or should be is that on the day

they took that decision

Henry Kissinger was sitting in the room with the introduced in general stuff

good evening from jakarta indonesia the latest stop on President Ford's agent or

on the sum of the fifth nineteen seventy-five President Gerald Ford and

president day and Indonesia will be taken up mostly by ceremony for and

Kissinger wanted to strengthen diplomatic ties with Indonesia a

non-communist a lie between Australia and Vietnam that controlled crucial

ceiling

there's more to this trip in China politics and security for Southeast Asia

the islands reasons enough of the United States to want to maintain good

dr. Kissinger met with along with President forward with President Suharto

and i was present at that meeting

many have interpreted that meeting as dr. Kissinger is giving a green light to

the subsequent indonesian invasion of timor east timor was seeking its

independence from portugal Kissinger had long been aware of the growing

popularity in east timor of a left-wing independence movement called Fretilin

the Indonesian military throughout this period was concerned that they're not be

a separate

independent entity develop on one half of one of their islands with strong

chinese communist influence when dr. Kissinger came

I think the decision had already been made by the indonesian that the efforts

to negotiate with the Portuguese and not come to fruition and therefore they

needed to take direct military action but any military action would involve us

weapons which had been sold solely for self-defense on december six as forward

and Kissinger concluded their visit

preparations were underway for an invasion

why they asked the Indonesian is invading us why they asked if the

Indonesian believe that Fretilin his communist to the not send a delegation

to dilly to find out why they asked the strain is not helping us when the

Japanese invaded they did help us

why they asked the Portuguese not helping us we're still a portuguese

colony who they asked will pay for the terrible damage to our homes

one day after this report Greg Shackleton was killed in east timor

what we saw was the massive wave of thousands of people as a result of the

air from

see land that's happened

a lot of people having

with no cameras to witness the invasion a radio transmission from the Red Cross

is the only live record of the horror of the event

what I saw was my own government was very much involved in what was going on

support food uniforms ammunition all the expendables of the Indonesians needed to

conduct this war

you can be one hundred percent certain that Suharto was explicitly given the

green light to do what he did

yeah

lives of over a hundred thousand two Marines in interviews Kissinger has long

denied that he discussed the invasion in the meeting with sahaja we were told at

the airport as we left

jakarta that either that day or the next day they intended to take these two more

well I don't want to take issue as the accuracy of dr. Kissinger's memoirs

but it was mentioned in the meeting with sorrow as I recalled sorrow was quite

candid said that after several months of trying to resolve this through

negotiation

indonesian felt they had to take direct action

one week after this interview the transcript of the meeting with suharto's

released

so harder I would like to speak to mr. president about another problem

team or we want your understanding if we deem it necessary to take rapid or

drastic action

ford we will understand and will not press you on this issue

we understand the problem you have and the intention to have Kissinger you

appreciate that the use of us made arms could create problems

it depends on how we construe it whether it is in self-defense or is a foreign

operation

it is important whatever you do succeeds quickly we would be able to influence

the reaction in America if whatever happens happens after we return

the US government knew exactly what was happening in those first days of the

invasion december seven eight nine thousands of memories were killed

reports of people being herded into school buildings by indonesian soldiers

with the building set on fire and anyone trying to get out being shot most of

people being burned alive people being hurt in the fields and machine gun and

people being hunted down in the mountains so anyone out there was in

what amounted to a free-fire zone

the Indian agent did not handle it very well

from the standpoint of the global community but again our our leverage was

limited and it was seen in 1975-76 and the light of the post Vietnam era as a

very important country to us and it happened in in a year and southeast asia

and into training ahead collapsed

it was the question of approval it with a question of not being able to do

anything about it knowing full well how many people were killed

they were so concerned at the US State Department that they cabled Henry

Kissinger twice saying that the US Congress would cut off military aid in

the butt and bilateral weapons sales to Indonesia because clearly indonesia was

using these weapons for offensive purposes and it would be hard to make a

case that Indonesia was threatened by an invasion from his to walk so while

kissing is in the air flying home the State Department has to issue these

statements

it's a matter of law and they have to say Congress may indeed cut off aid as a

result of this as a legal matter when he returns from his trip to Indonesia to

the State Department he comes back to a bureaucratic rao of his office because

it is furious

Kissinger I want to raise a little bit of hell about the department's conduct

in my absence

take this cable on east timor it will leak and it will go to Congress to and

then we will have hearings on it and it will come out that Kissinger overruled

his pristine bureaucrats and violated the law

the arms Export Control Act and the foreign assistance i passed by Congress

that limit the ways in which American weaponry can be used and they can find

these uses to external self-defense

Kissinger and we can't construe a communist government in the middle of

Indonesia is self-defense

Lee well Kissinger then you're saying that arms can't be used for defense

no they can be used for the defense of Indonesia Kissinger

I know what the law is but how can it be in the u.s. national interest for us to

kick the Indonesian xin the teeth

about arm sales which did continue after a brief hiatus

in a later meeting one of Kissinger zaid's confirmed that normal relations

with Indonesia had resumed not very willingly said Kissinger illegally and

beautifully

today Henry Kissinger is a successful businessman

he runs a firm called Kissinger associates in which he uses his

diplomatic experience to help businesses around the world but while Kissinger

he is also haunted by them last year

issue was Operation Condor a campaign of murder and torture conducted by the

regime of augusto pinochet the rest of our gusto peanut che in london in

October of 1998 directly led to pressure on the clinton ministration to

declassify hundreds of thousands of documents secret documents from the CIA

from the State Department and elsewhere blacked out as they are these documents

are really rather extraordinary there's a paper trail right up to Kissinger is

office that help us revisit this history and understand our efforts to overthrow

covertly democratically elected government in Chile

I really think chili was probably the basis in the most corrupt of all the

actions because it had nothing to do with national security properties used

all over the world but the right of known reserve a copper ore in south

america and the Republic actually in the nineteen sixties chili was fertile soil

for American corporate interests including I tnt which controlled the

copper industry and pepsi cola early 1970s see and I TNT are concerned about

political developments in Chile

as the country's democratic presidential elections approach a left-wing candidate

name in Salvador ind was gaining popular support his ties to feed hell Castro

platform

Soviet Union was a democracy

ind promise to nationalize chilis copper industry a direct threat to I tnt and

concern to other US corporations

Kissinger his office to tell them that we had grave concern of the outlook for

ittt invest as I TNT called on Kissinger to take action against ind pepsi

President Donald Kendall echoed the same concern to an old friend richard nixon

if he does it right in Chile he's can ensure a good flow of campaign money and

71 and 72

he's got a lot of big money people that want him to do something about chili so

chilly became the most important national security item they had what

brought about the changes in Chile where the facts that it was being communist

yeah

in September for and1 a plurality of the vote

it appeared certain that his victory would be confirmed by the Chilean

Congress the election in Chile has been one but the president has not been

confirmed the new presidents of your and actually has like the united states that

transition period of about 60 days

the CIA declared that chili on the ind would not be a threat to the United

States but Nixon found the prospect of an IND presidency unacceptable as

advisor to Richard Nixon Kissinger followed Machiavelli's rule of

flattering add relating and serving the powerful to be a success in a September

meeting Kissinger shared his views on Chili's democratic election

I don't see why we need to stand by and watch a country go communist due to the

responsibility of its people in September 15 Nixon met in the Oval

Office with Kissinger and richard helms director of the CIA Helms handwritten

notes reveal a plan to prevent a ND from coming to power not concerned risks

involved

no involvement of the embassy 10 million available more if necessary

an internal CIA memo dated September 16 outlines the official but secret policy

asked Helms to report directly to him on the details of cooperations concealed

plan for covert action became known as track

- of course I was a broad policy

I make no excuses that should have it another Marxist regime in the hemisphere

know in a meeting with Hague and others

Kissinger emphasize that drastic action was called for

shocked that your lens Kissinger really became the general manager of

this covert operation representing the President of the United States

he ignored the advice his own staff that a coup was not possible

I decided to start sending these increasingly worrying

the alarms to Kissinger that anything that might be tried would be an utter

failure

the Chilean military was not going to engage in anything

Kissinger swept aside these objections and press the CIA to go forward to

foment a military coup but the third cable was the one that really excited

Kissinger because it said unequivocally that if any adventure were undertaken it

would boomerang against the United States and personally against the

president

worse than the Bay of Pigs that was the cable like they got me a summons home

right away because they thought i had stumbled on their plot

I find it so i flew to washington president greeted me he then launched

into a denunciation of ind he kept hitting his hand like that he was going

to smash

ind economically kept referring to him as that bastard that sob he was going to

Smashing I want that and then

with the inauguration approaching word of possible covert action against ind

which general rena schneider head of the Chilean military Snyder announce you

would uphold my end is confirmation for the Chilean Congress he was unaware that

men from within his own ranks were being recruited by the CIA

anybody remember sana et al masih me on Arizona a phenomenal idea

okay look at this here and we're going to clear a little lazy forgot gee guys

soon begin a percent 18yo my congregation it to orient aspect or

another with Joe be going sat on a cat on the scene over there is a general

rené schneider is thought of as the principal obstacle to a military coup

constitution in santiago the CIA helped design a plan to kidnap schneider they

thought they would provoke the military into declaring Martial Law suspending

the CIA is Santiago station chief cabled Washington general snyder is the main

barrier to all plans for the military to take over Washington cabled back

constant pressure from the White House more important than ever to remove him

it's therefore decided schneider must go

and for this task men of a proven record of criminal violence are recruited

they're given sophisticated assassination weaponry through the

United States diplomatic bag a track to see I a community confirms this the

cable reports that plans against Neider we're moving along

requesting eight to ten tear gas grenades 345 caliber machine guns with

500 rounds ammo

yeah

and bounds over a CI h challenge back

no one sat on a lot after hatching hey too hard to all in late-september why

not

then US military attaché II had been secretly assigned to work directly with

the CIA in santiago an avid equestrian while its love of horses and made him a

close associate of officers in the Chilean military an ideal go between the

CIA station gave why matter war chest of cash to pay out

anti ND groups I should include in my office safe

so I took it was giant long rubber band shirt future shouted and i put it more

and Butch and no one else

boots boots but me I had his best places to achieve it in October the 15th

kissing to receive word that track to coup plotters had made a failed attempt

to kidnap general schneider in a meeting with the CIA

he expressed his concern that plans for a cool at this time cannot succeed in

his memoirs Kissinger would later write that he had turned off track to at this

meeting but the very next day the CIA sent a cable to Chile it is firm and

continuing policy that ind be overthrown by a cool

it is imperative that these actions be implemented clandestinely and securely

so that the United States government and American hand be well hidden

if you Henry Kissinger everybody knows what you want

and does he know that they know what he wants sure does he know what they're

going to do or how they gonna do it are you kidding

anybody that would tell them what's going to happen is never going to get do

a briefing again

do you really think somebody would take a piece of paper into the White House

that say a consequence of this may be a death of somebody

do you really think so no immediate Santiago submachine guns and ammo being

sent by regular Korea leaving Washington

Oh 700 hours 19 October derive Santiago late evening

twenty october or early morning 21 October preferred use regular courier to

avoid bringing undue attention to operation

yeah

maybe it's a little tricky to bow to a minion and he

now talk to your semantically to fail the garlic inna a a young Gandolfini my

teens emoticon a family go to co allowed to follow yahoo autos

e it appeared pass you don't keep the key out of town today

A Fella hinted romping video on muscle peeling apart at the end

totally private vika when they moved to stop sign that morning and he show for

didn't pay much attention to me for driver he went the same way all the time

and then here one morning he goes to go there and it blocked off as over here

and then it stopped following the shouting was an American mischief you

know that was investigated a nauseam by an opposition

senator church and if you read the church here is its all there and nobody

was invited

nobody was was charged with illegal acts

mr. Kissinger his presence here should not be interpreted as meaning that he

himself was ever involved in any plot to assassinate any foreign figure in the

Church Committee the CIA testified that Kissinger had been kept fully informed

of the Schneider situation every step of the way even after October 15 Kissinger

maintained that he turned off all coo plotting on october 15th

for Kissinger to be correct this would go down in history as one of the

greatest misunderstandings between the White House and the CIA but when you

read the documents Kissinger was very clear he said let us keep pressure on

every I end a weak spot in sight

now and into the future until such time as new marching orders are given the sea

i walked away from its meeting with Henry Kissinger believing it had been

mandated to continue trying to foment a coup in chile on october 19 according to

the CIA

kisses aid alexander haig was briefed by the CIA on continuing coup attempts

one can only presume that Alexander Haig whose Duty it was to report to Kissinger

on this type of information fully briefed Kissinger on what the CI told

him according to the CIA on october twenty five days after Kissinger claimed

he had turned off track -

he demanded an update on the Schneider situation there was no policy since to

assassin into it's a 10-8 any foreign official

listen just said there was no plot I and family hours

I was not involved you are they like

it's part of people concerned in the White House this thing ended in October

15 then i think around october twenty service so they

I don't remember the exact date they kidnapped an ID and in the process is

killed him

it may be impossible to know precisely what happened yet it is hard to

understand how on october 19 the CIA could have shipped unmarked guns to

chill a without authorization

you see therefore it's okay

that's the way it works not a fascination and not murder that that the

hearing was very clear about that it was a accident old and in terms of the

United States but isn't kidnapping a crime of kidnapping is it depends on

what your what your objectives are I'm not gonna justify they were not my

policy if you were found standing over a dead man in the street with a smoking

only trying to kidnap him

a murder committed in the course of the kidnap any action which is because of

getting that aggravates the offense

chilean police investigation did not find any evidence to support a

kidnapping

after the murder the CIA commanded the Chilean station for doing an excellent

job

CIA internal inquiry revealed that 35 thousand dollars was paid to one of the

perhaps only a legal inquiry will reveal the truth if you could develop a

scenario if you develop a factual basis to find that Henry Kissinger was

compressive then you could sue him in the courts the United States you might

face some statute of limitations problems which you have to try to

overcome by saying that the duplicity with which henry kissinger has dealt

with these issues saying one thing for the official record and another thing in

private and hitherto unreleased records

that kind of concealment you be so he can be thinking in LA and he fit the

attack on follow soon be anybody come out of tackle say i attended basically

they insect or guitar I II didn't get on with it and 0 to figure

yes in sector eight anybody in eclectic but that possible political compass

under

after Schneider's death I end it was elected but the efforts of Kissinger and

Nixon to overthrow Andy Andy would ultimately succeed in 1973 military

forces launched a coup in santiago killing

I n augusta finishing would assume power and begin a reign of terror that would

last 17 years

the date was September 1128 years later to the day

The Washington Post announced a lawsuit brought against Henry Kissinger by rena

schneider junior to the death of his father

the news would be overshadowed by the events of later that morning

the one hand

in testimony to what evil can do in the world

but the mayor and his associates have done here

State surveyed the wreckage the campaign had already begun to see that those

responsible for the loss of innocent life be captured and brought to justice

I don't think you could have it metaphorically more perfect than that

democracy for short term or fanatical aims of their own is now hunting which

the whole world takes part

and they can't be any exceptions

we're not Kissinger is guilty of crimes against humanity his case raises issues

about the accountability of public figures the way the past haunts the

present and the movement for universal justice all revolutions are impossible

till they happen

then they become inevitable

is that this movement has acquired an air of inevitability hundred and thirty

nine nations have become signatories to the International Criminal Court a

know

America is not signed up to the International Criminal Tribunal for fear

of this in his latest book and international affairs

Henry Kissinger argue strongly against what he calls the pitfalls of universal

jurisdiction

it's a facet of American exceptionalism to think that international law is a

very fine thing for other countries that international law applies to everyone

except Americans the average person things that

- human relation

that is not always the case because sometimes statesman have to choose among

us

I to think that somewhere down deep

he knows what he was doing he knows it was against a lot of first principles

which is why so much his masked and hidden

there's so much distrust it's a very very sad way to go to your life

whatever he did whatever he accomplished i'm not sure it's worth it because he

had to live a lot more years and it's been out of power for a long time you

know 25 years now in his own way the reason I don't worry about war crimes

anything else

he's got his own sentence he's gotta live with himself

yeah

yeah