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Adolf Hitler once called him the iron
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heart of the Reich. Cold, brilliant,
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merciless.
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Reinhard Hydrich was feared not only by
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his enemies, but even by his fellow
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Nazis. As the architect of the final
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solution, his power stretched across a
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continent. But in the spring of 1942, on
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a quiet street in Prague, a handful of
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resistance fighters dared the impossible
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to strike at the very heart of Nazi
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terror. What followed was an
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assassination that shook the Third Reich
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to its core and triggered one of the
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most brutal reprisals of the war. This
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is the story of Reinhard Hydrich. His
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rise, his reign of terror and his
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violent end.
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Reinhardt Tristan Oen Hydrich was born
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on March 7th, 1904 in the town of Hala,
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situated along the river Sale. He was
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not born into poverty or obscurity, nor
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ironically into the military class. His
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family were musicians. His father,
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Richard Bruno Hydrich, was a composer, a
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professional opera singer, and a music
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educator.
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Bruno Hydrich was born into poverty. His
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father died when he was very young, and
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his mother, a washerw woman, raised six
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children alone. But Bruno was gifted
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musically, intellectually, and in
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ambition. Through sheer discipline, he
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became a singer and composer. After
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performing across Europe, he returned to
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Hala and founded the Hala Conservatory
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for Music and Theater in 1901.
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Within three years, it grew from 20 to
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190 students. 11 teachers, assistants,
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and even a secretary joined the staff.
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His family living in the grandhouse
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above the conservatory. In this rare
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photo, you can see Reinhard, his
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brother, his sister, and his mother
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Elizabeth. Reinhard Hydrickch's mother,
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Elizabeth, was a devout Catholic and
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piano teacher. Elizabeth played a
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decisive role in shaping her children's
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outlook and was particularly strict with
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Reinhardt.
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From the start, he was taught to move,
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speak, and present himself as a model of
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national and moral discipline. He played
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the violin with exceptional skill,
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eventually reaching a concert level
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proficiency that astonished those who
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heard him. Young Reinhardt clearly
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benefited from the musical talents of
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his parents. Reinhardt's father
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supported his early interest in music.
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And in 1910, when Reinhard was just 6
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years old, Bruno took him to a major
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musical event at the Hala City Theater,
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a performance of the Ring of the
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Nebulong, the classic music drama of
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Richard Vagnner. This experience ignited
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a lifelong love for romantic music in
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Reinhard, especially the mythic world
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portrayed in Vagnner's operas, a deep
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passion he would later share with Adolf
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Hitler. Reinhard grew up under a regime
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of strict rules and exacting
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expectations. He was a gifted child,
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particularly in music and academics. He
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played the violin with near professional
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skill and spoke in formal high register
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German even as a boy. His parents pushed
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him hard, but not out of cruelty, but
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ambition. Despite his later fixation on
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physical fitness, Reinhard Hydrich was a
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physically weak and sickly child. He was
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small, slender, and often ill, which led
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his parents to actively encourage him to
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take up all kinds of physical activities
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from an early age, such as swimming,
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running, football, sailing, horseback
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riding, and fencing. These efforts laid
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the foundation for his lifelong
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enthusiasm for sports.
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The family typically spent their summer
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holidays along the scenic Baltic coast
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in the upscale seaside resort town of
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Shwina Munda on Usodom Island. For the
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Hydrich children, these vacations were a
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highlight of the year filled with
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sightseeing, nature walks, boat rides,
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and long joyful days at the beach.
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Hydrickch had good relations with his
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family, but not with his classmates. He
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was physically thin, blonde, pale, and
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often bullied. Hydrick's classmates used
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to tease him because they found him
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effeminate. They used to bully him
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relentlessly because of his high-pitched
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voice, which is why he was nicknamed Z,
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meaning the goat.
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This nickname humiliated him. But he
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didn't break. He hardened. He withdrew,
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focused inward, mastered his music and
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studies. Even in childhood, he showed
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signs of cold intelligence and a need
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for control. Reinhard Hydrickch's
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academic performance was above average
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with particularly outstanding results in
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science subjects. As a teenager, he
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aspired to become a chemist. At the same
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time, he developed a deep fascination
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with crime fiction and spy novels, many
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of which were serialized in newspapers.
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British and American detective stories
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from Sherlock Holmes to Nick Carter and
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Nat Pinkerton were wildly popular in
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Germany and captured Heddrich's
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imagination. It was this very addiction
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to spy novels that would later go on to
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completely alter the course of
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Hydrickch's life. In the summer of 1914,
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while the Hydrickch family was
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vacationing on the Baltic coast as
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usual, their stable and orderly life was
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suddenly disrupted by a major event.
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On June 28th, the assassination of
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Austrian heir France Ferdinand in Sievo
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triggered a crisis that would soon
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escalate into the First World War. For
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young Reinhard Hydri, who was just 10 at
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the time, the full significance of what
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was happening around him was hard to
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grasp. He belonged to the war youth
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generation, too young to fight, but old
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enough to understand that this war was a
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defining moment both for his country and
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for himself. Even though no one in his
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immediate family went off to battle, the
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war was everpresent. Newspapers and
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posters glorified military successes.
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Classrooms displayed photos of famous
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generals and decorated alumni, and
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teachers regularly announced new
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victories during assemblies. Over time,
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older students at his school began
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disappearing to the front lines. By June
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1915, around 80% of the seniormost boys
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had volunteered for the army, while
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younger ones like Reinhard waited
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eagerly for their chance to follow. For
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boys his age, the war likely felt like a
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thrilling faroff adventure. They
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believed Germany would surely win, a
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belief further fueled by the wildly
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popular war story magazines aimed at
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teens. But the enthusiasm of the German
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people quickly vanished after the
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shocking realization that Germany had
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lost the war. Up until the fall of 1918,
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German propaganda had assured the public
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that victory was near. The Treaty of
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Breast Letosk signed earlier that spring
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to seal Germany's triumph over Russia
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only strengthened the belief that
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defeating Britain and France was just a
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matter of time. So when the armistice
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was suddenly signed in November 1918, it
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came as a devastating and unexpected
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blow, shattering the hopes of countless
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Germans. The abruptness of the Allied
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victory just months after Germany's
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initially successful spring offensive
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left many in disbelief. It seemed
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impossible to accept that the German
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military had truly been defeated. This
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disbelief gave rise to a powerful and
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dangerous myth, the infamous stab in the
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back legend, which claimed that
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Germany's undefeated army had been
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betrayed by disloyal revolutionaries
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back home. Germany had lost over 2
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million men in action and more than 4.1
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million soldiers were wounded out of an
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overall population of 65 million. The
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country had spent the equivalent of some
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$40 billion on the war, most of which it
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had borrowed from its citizens. In the
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treaty of Versailles, Germany lost 13%
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of its territory and was required to pay
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$33 billion as a war indemnity to the
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victors. After the war, all of Germany
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plunged into instability. Across the
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country, communist and right-wing
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paramilitary groups were violently
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clashing with each other. And soon these
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violent confrontations reached
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Hydrickch's hometown of Halle as well.
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The Hydrickch family's musical business
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also collapsed leading to significant
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financial losses. Reinhard now a
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teenager watched this unfold. And though
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he did not yet join any movement, his
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hatred of disorder and longing for
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hierarchy took root. As a result,
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Hydrickch was now about to choose a
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career path that his family could never
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have even imagined.
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In the late spring of 1922, after
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earning top marks in his final school
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exams, Reinhardt decided to pursue a
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career as a naval officer. The Hydrris
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had mixed feelings about Reinhardt's
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career decision. His mother felt proud
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of his ambition to join the Navy, but
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his father was disappointed that his
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musically gifted son wouldn't be
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continuing the family's musical legacy.
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Still, Reinhard stood firm, and on April
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1st, 1922, he officially began his
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journey as a naval cadet in Keel
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together with dozens of other cadets of
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crew 22. Hydrrich remained an isolated
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loner throughout his time in Keel and
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had no friends among the crew. While it
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is true that Hydrich found it difficult
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to adjust to the new environment, the
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reasons for his outsider status remain
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unclear. One of his crew colleagues
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remembered after the Second World War,
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"Hydrick's appearance was of remarkable
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disharmony." His limbs somehow did not
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fit together. A long, narrow, and much
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too small head sat on a long neck with
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short blonde hair, a long nose,
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mistrustful, squinting eyes that stood
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very close together, and a small mouth
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whose gaping lips he usually pinched
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together, a long upper body with almost
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ape-like arms sat over a deep, broad
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pelvis, a husky build with rounded,
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unmuscular legs. He appeared gangly,
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somewhat soft, and affeminite. Hydrich
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was probably seen as an outsider partly
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because of his refined middle-class
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upbringing.
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While most naval cadets embraced the
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tough and masculine culture of the Navy,
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Hydrich would quietly play his violin
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during his free time. This habit made
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him stand out and not in a good way. His
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love for music often became a reason for
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others to mock him. But slowly,
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Hydrickch's position began to improve.
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He became a dedicated sailor, eventually
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winning both the Baltic Sea and North
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Sea championships. Alongside being an
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exceptional seaman, he also grew into a
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skilled sports person. Now Hydrich was
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promoted to second naval lieutenant.
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After his promotion, he appears to have
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gained more recognition from his
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colleagues and was no longer mocked as
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often. His superiors frequently gave him
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00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:04,800
recognition and good evaluations. With
271
00:12:02,079 --> 00:12:07,600
every sign of recognition, his zeal
272
00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:09,600
increased, and so did his arrogance.
273
00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:11,920
Ambition was undoubtedly Heddrich's
274
00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:13,680
strongest characteristic. He wanted to
275
00:12:11,920 --> 00:12:16,079
accomplish something, and others were
276
00:12:13,680 --> 00:12:18,480
supposed to be amazed. Now he was
277
00:12:16,079 --> 00:12:20,560
dreaming to become naval chief or
278
00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:22,079
admiral. Although his relationship with
279
00:12:20,560 --> 00:12:24,399
the other young officers improved
280
00:12:22,079 --> 00:12:27,120
significantly, Hydrickch started showing
281
00:12:24,399 --> 00:12:29,839
a clear sense of arrogance towards his
282
00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:33,600
subordinates, a trait that would grow
283
00:12:29,839 --> 00:12:37,200
even more prominent in the 1930s. On 1st
284
00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:39,440
July 1928, Hydrich was promoted to first
285
00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:42,079
left tenant. He now had significantly
286
00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:44,720
more free time, which he largely devoted
287
00:12:42,079 --> 00:12:47,120
to sport, music, and a third area of
288
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,800
interest, women.
289
00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:50,720
He repeatedly sought the company of
290
00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:53,519
women whom he could impress with his
291
00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:56,399
officer's uniform, his good manners, and
292
00:12:53,519 --> 00:12:58,639
his musical talents. His efforts were
293
00:12:56,399 --> 00:13:00,639
not without success. As one of his
294
00:12:58,639 --> 00:13:02,399
fellow officers recalled after the war,
295
00:13:00,639 --> 00:13:06,000
he left an impression more than once,
296
00:13:02,399 --> 00:13:09,360
particularly on older ladies.
297
00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:11,920
On the 6th of December 1930, at a naval
298
00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:14,560
ball, Hydrich met a woman who would
299
00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:17,920
completely alter the course of his life.
300
00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:19,920
Her name was Lena Fon Austin. The moment
301
00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:22,639
Hydrich laid eyes on this cute
302
00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:25,519
19-year-old blonde, he was instantly
303
00:13:22,639 --> 00:13:27,519
smitten. Lena also liked Heddrich from
304
00:13:25,519 --> 00:13:29,120
the very first meeting. Although his
305
00:13:27,519 --> 00:13:31,760
skull looked like it had been assembled
306
00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:34,880
with leftover parts, he was 6'3,
307
00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:37,279
athletic, and an officer in the Navy.
308
00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:39,920
Basically, he was a walking Tinder
309
00:13:37,279 --> 00:13:42,079
profile. Lena described Hydrickch as
310
00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:44,800
tall, manly, and very self- assured in
311
00:13:42,079 --> 00:13:47,519
his uniform. In today's Tik Tok era,
312
00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:49,600
where girls scroll past one handsome guy
313
00:13:47,519 --> 00:13:52,079
after another and their standards have
314
00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:54,959
shot through the roof, calling Hydrich a
315
00:13:52,079 --> 00:13:57,680
weird skull kind of makes sense. But
316
00:13:54,959 --> 00:14:01,760
back in those days, Hydrich was the full
317
00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:04,000
package, tall, athletic, and in uniform.
318
00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:07,519
Basically, a walking green flag with a
319
00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:10,880
slightly dented head. Heddrich proposed
320
00:14:07,519 --> 00:14:14,079
to Lena, and she said yes. After that,
321
00:14:10,880 --> 00:14:17,120
he started writing her love letters. My
322
00:14:14,079 --> 00:14:20,399
dearest Lena, in the midst of the hustle
323
00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:22,959
and bustle of work and in a great hurry
324
00:14:20,399 --> 00:14:26,480
before my departure, I wanted you to
325
00:14:22,959 --> 00:14:30,399
know that all my thoughts are with you.
326
00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:32,959
And I realize now how much I love you.
327
00:14:30,399 --> 00:14:36,000
That is why I am looking forward all the
328
00:14:32,959 --> 00:14:40,160
more to the life that lies ahead of us.
329
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:43,120
With you, I could endure every sorrow.
330
00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:46,480
Much love, your Reinhardt.
331
00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:48,320
Lena was just 19 years old, so of course
332
00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:51,199
she couldn't marry a guy with a weird-l
333
00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:54,079
looking skull just like that. Heddrich
334
00:14:51,199 --> 00:14:56,560
had to get her parents' approval first.
335
00:14:54,079 --> 00:14:59,040
Hadrich went to Lena's house to convince
336
00:14:56,560 --> 00:15:01,600
her parents. Her parents could find no
337
00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:04,240
fault with Heddrich. A smart and
338
00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:07,600
ambitious naval officer with a seemingly
339
00:15:04,240 --> 00:15:09,760
secure pension and an apparently bright
340
00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:12,240
career ahead of him was more than the
341
00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:14,639
Austin might have expected. It suited
342
00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:18,000
their image of a prospective son-in-law.
343
00:15:14,639 --> 00:15:20,240
So they said yes without any hesitation.
344
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:22,079
The two officially got engaged. Now
345
00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:25,760
Heddrich started writing letters not
346
00:15:22,079 --> 00:15:28,480
just to Lena but to her parents as well.
347
00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:31,279
Dear parents-in-law, back in service and
348
00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:34,399
hard at work, I would like to thank you
349
00:15:31,279 --> 00:15:37,600
once more with all my heart for having
350
00:15:34,399 --> 00:15:40,639
received me so kindly and like a son in
351
00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:43,839
your house. I will never forget my first
352
00:15:40,639 --> 00:15:46,240
days in Lena's childhood home. I am so
353
00:15:43,839 --> 00:15:49,440
grateful to you for your consent to our
354
00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:52,160
engagement. I realize more and more
355
00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:54,880
every day that it was the right thing to
356
00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:57,600
do. Lena does not have to resort to
357
00:15:54,880 --> 00:16:00,079
secrecy in Keel and we can be together
358
00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:02,160
often and get to know each other better
359
00:16:00,079 --> 00:16:04,639
and better without having to pay
360
00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:07,199
attention to the gossip of others.
361
00:16:04,639 --> 00:16:09,920
Regarding our wedding date, please
362
00:16:07,199 --> 00:16:13,199
please allow us to marry in September.
363
00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:16,240
There is nothing worse than uncertainty.
364
00:16:13,199 --> 00:16:19,120
I would be very very grateful to you if
365
00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:22,240
you could agree on September. My parents
366
00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:26,000
too will be available then. Accept my
367
00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:27,839
sincere thanks. You're Reinhardt.
368
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,560
Lena thought she'd bagged herself a
369
00:16:27,839 --> 00:16:33,279
tall, athletic Navy officer with dreamy
370
00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:36,399
love letters and a violin on the side.
371
00:16:33,279 --> 00:16:38,240
What could possibly go wrong? Well,
372
00:16:36,399 --> 00:16:41,199
everything.
373
00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:43,120
Turns out Reinhard had more exes than a
374
00:16:41,199 --> 00:16:44,880
Game of Thrones character, and one of
375
00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:47,279
them wasn't ready to stay buried in the
376
00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:50,639
past. Just as he was busy writing
377
00:16:47,279 --> 00:16:53,519
Forever Yours to Lena, a ghost from his
378
00:16:50,639 --> 00:16:56,639
romantic graveyard rose up and she
379
00:16:53,519 --> 00:16:58,480
wasn't sending best wishes.
380
00:16:56,639 --> 00:17:00,160
Heddrich had the announcement of his and
381
00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:03,519
Lena's engagement published in the
382
00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:06,240
newspaper. Back in the early 1900s and
383
00:17:03,519 --> 00:17:08,720
even midentth century, it was quite
384
00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:10,959
common, especially among middle or upper
385
00:17:08,720 --> 00:17:12,640
class families in Europe and America, to
386
00:17:10,959 --> 00:17:14,880
publish engagement announcements in
387
00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:16,959
local or national newspapers. It was a
388
00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:19,839
way to publicly declare the engagement,
389
00:17:16,959 --> 00:17:22,240
also a status symbol. If it had happened
390
00:17:19,839 --> 00:17:25,039
today, Reinhardt might have simply
391
00:17:22,240 --> 00:17:27,839
uploaded a polished photo to Instagram,
392
00:17:25,039 --> 00:17:30,240
captioned it, "Engaged," and tagged
393
00:17:27,839 --> 00:17:32,320
Lena. Heddrich had officially gotten
394
00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,840
engaged to Lena, and even sent out a
395
00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:36,400
newspaper announcement to his friends
396
00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:39,039
and acquaintances. But one of the people
397
00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:41,120
who received it was a young woman from
398
00:17:39,039 --> 00:17:43,039
Berlin, someone Heddrich had met at a
399
00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:45,760
ball more than 6 months earlier. They
400
00:17:43,039 --> 00:17:48,400
had grown very close and even shared a
401
00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:51,200
physical relationship. They visited each
402
00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:53,120
other in Berlin and Keel and the woman
403
00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,679
believed that she was engaged to
404
00:17:53,120 --> 00:17:58,080
Hydrich. But when she saw the engagement
405
00:17:55,679 --> 00:18:01,440
notice in the newspaper with someone
406
00:17:58,080 --> 00:18:04,080
else's name on it, her world came
407
00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:06,559
crashing down. Devastated and
408
00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:08,720
humiliated, the poor woman suffered a
409
00:18:06,559 --> 00:18:10,960
nervous breakdown.
410
00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:14,480
We don't know her name, but we do know
411
00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:16,880
one important detail. Her father had
412
00:18:14,480 --> 00:18:19,600
strong connections with senior officers
413
00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:21,440
in the Navy. When he found out what had
414
00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:23,760
happened, he used those connections to
415
00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:26,320
file a complaint against Hydrich. And
416
00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:29,120
just like that, Hydrickch was about to
417
00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,039
land in serious trouble. Because of this
418
00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:32,880
complaint, Hydrickch was tried in a
419
00:18:31,039 --> 00:18:34,960
military court and was kicked out of the
420
00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:37,440
Navy.
421
00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,520
Breaking off an engagement was clearly a
422
00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:42,160
violation of the officer cause code of
423
00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:43,679
conduct, but it wasn't a serious enough
424
00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:46,000
offense to get someone kicked out
425
00:18:43,679 --> 00:18:47,840
automatically. The whole embarrassing
426
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:49,679
incident could have easily been
427
00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:52,080
dismissed as little more than a personal
428
00:18:49,679 --> 00:18:54,559
misunderstanding or perhaps just some
429
00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:57,039
girl's tail. However, Hydrickch's
430
00:18:54,559 --> 00:18:59,120
arrogant attitude pushed things too far
431
00:18:57,039 --> 00:19:01,280
and ultimately got him into real
432
00:18:59,120 --> 00:19:03,039
trouble. Rather than owning up to his
433
00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:05,919
actions and accepting a minor
434
00:19:03,039 --> 00:19:08,000
punishment, Hydrich chose to shift the
435
00:19:05,919 --> 00:19:09,440
blame. He claimed it was the woman who
436
00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:12,240
had initiated their physical
437
00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:14,480
relationship and flatly denied ever
438
00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:16,880
making any promise of marriage. His
439
00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:19,200
dismissive attitude toward their affair,
440
00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:21,280
and the way he trivialized it only
441
00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:23,600
served to irritate the court officials
442
00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:25,520
further. Heddrich wasn't dismissed
443
00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:28,720
because of the affair itself, but
444
00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:30,720
because of how he behaved in court. He
445
00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:33,520
didn't have the courage to admit the
446
00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:35,200
truth, take the blame, or defend the
447
00:19:33,520 --> 00:19:39,120
woman. And that's what got him kicked
448
00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:42,799
out, not the actual offense itself.
449
00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:45,200
On 30 April 1931, Hydrickch's promising
450
00:19:42,799 --> 00:19:48,000
naval career came to an abrupt and
451
00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:50,320
unexpected end. Initially, Heddrich
452
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:52,400
hoped he might be reinstated, but his
453
00:19:50,320 --> 00:19:56,480
official appeal to Reich President Paul
454
00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:59,039
Fonhindenberg was rejected.
455
00:19:56,480 --> 00:20:02,799
Hydrickch was suddenly confronted by the
456
00:19:59,039 --> 00:20:05,840
grim reality of being unemployed in 1931
457
00:20:02,799 --> 00:20:08,559
in the midst of the Great Depression.
458
00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:11,840
His future looked gloomy. He locked
459
00:20:08,559 --> 00:20:14,799
himself in his room and cried for days
460
00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:16,000
in rage and self-pity. Lena remembered
461
00:20:14,799 --> 00:20:18,160
after the war,
462
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:21,600
>> getting kicked out from the Navy was the
463
00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:24,799
heaviest blow of his life. It wasn't
464
00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:27,280
about losing his salary. It was the pain
465
00:20:24,799 --> 00:20:31,200
of losing the career he had completely
466
00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:32,799
dedicated himself to.
467
00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:35,840
>> But even after everything that had
468
00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:39,440
happened, Lena did not leave Hydrickch's
469
00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:41,600
side. In her heart, she had made a vow.
470
00:20:39,440 --> 00:20:45,200
If she were ever to marry, it would be
471
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:48,960
Reinhard Hydrich and no one else. Behind
472
00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:50,960
every successful man, there is a woman.
473
00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:54,080
In Hydrickch's case, it was going to be
474
00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:56,559
behind every successful evil man, there
475
00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:59,360
is an evil woman.
476
00:20:56,559 --> 00:21:02,320
Lena was a staunch anti-semite and a
477
00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:04,799
committed Nazi. Don't let Lena's sweet
478
00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:08,240
little face fool you. Behind that
479
00:21:04,799 --> 00:21:11,440
angelic smile was a hardcore Nazi fan
480
00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:13,679
girl. However, Heddrich lacked any
481
00:21:11,440 --> 00:21:16,240
interest in political parties. He hadn't
482
00:21:13,679 --> 00:21:18,240
even heard of Hitler's mine camp and
483
00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:20,799
would often crack jokes about the Nazi
484
00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:22,400
leader, calling him just a Bohemian
485
00:21:20,799 --> 00:21:25,120
corporal.
486
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:29,679
As for Gerbles, he mocked him, too,
487
00:21:25,120 --> 00:21:31,360
referring to him as that [ __ ]
488
00:21:29,679 --> 00:21:33,200
You might be surprised to know that even
489
00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:36,080
Hydrickch's former naval colleagues
490
00:21:33,200 --> 00:21:38,880
described him as a liberal, but Lena was
491
00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:41,520
friends with Carl von Ebstein, a
492
00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:43,840
highranking officer in the Nazi party.
493
00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:46,480
Through him, she managed to arrange an
494
00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:50,480
interview between the unemployed Hydrich
495
00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:53,360
and SS Chief Hinrich Himmler. At first,
496
00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:55,520
Hydrich himself seemed unsure about
497
00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:57,280
joining the Nazis, but Lena encouraged
498
00:21:55,520 --> 00:21:59,840
him to seriously consider the
499
00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:01,760
opportunity. It was only when Aberstein
500
00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:04,080
offered him the prospect of an elevated
501
00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:06,720
position at the Nazi party headquarters
502
00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:08,400
that Hydrich finally agreed. The
503
00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:10,960
possibility of an elevated position
504
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:13,440
existed because Himmler was planning to
505
00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:16,080
create an intelligence department within
506
00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:19,039
the SS and he needed competent people
507
00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:22,000
for it. The previously mostly apolitical
508
00:22:19,039 --> 00:22:24,640
hydri who hadn't even read mine camp or
509
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:27,039
heard of the SS before was now about to
510
00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:29,520
step into the most radical paramilitary
511
00:22:27,039 --> 00:22:32,240
wing of Hitler's movement. He followed
512
00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:34,720
that path not out of deep ideological
513
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:37,039
conviction, but because Nazism offered
514
00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:39,600
him the opportunity to return to a
515
00:22:37,039 --> 00:22:42,720
structured life in uniform, providing
516
00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:44,960
along with it a sense of purpose and a
517
00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:49,039
way of regaining the confidence of Lena
518
00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:52,559
and her family of devoted Nazis.
519
00:22:49,039 --> 00:22:55,760
On the 14th of June 1931, the date of
520
00:22:52,559 --> 00:22:58,400
Hydrickch's interview finally arrived.
521
00:22:55,760 --> 00:23:00,559
Himmler unsurprisingly was immediately
522
00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:03,840
impressed the moment he first laid eyes
523
00:23:00,559 --> 00:23:08,000
on Hydrich. Hydrich had blonde hair,
524
00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:10,799
piercing blue eyes, stood 6' 3 in tall,
525
00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:12,480
and was physically wellb built, exactly
526
00:23:10,799 --> 00:23:15,760
the kind of man the Nazis were looking
527
00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:17,440
for to fit their Aran race propaganda.
528
00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:19,360
Himmler informed Hydrickch about his
529
00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:22,159
plans to develop an intelligence service
530
00:23:19,360 --> 00:23:24,159
within the SS. To evaluate his
531
00:23:22,159 --> 00:23:26,559
potential, Himmler asked him to sketch
532
00:23:24,159 --> 00:23:29,760
out an organizational structure for this
533
00:23:26,559 --> 00:23:32,720
proposed SS intelligence agency and gave
534
00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:36,000
him just 20 minutes to do it. Heddrich
535
00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:37,679
had no prior training in espionage. But
536
00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:39,520
relying on bits and pieces he'd picked
537
00:23:37,679 --> 00:23:41,600
up from reading cheap crime thrillers
538
00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:43,840
and spy novels over the years, he
539
00:23:41,600 --> 00:23:46,240
quickly put together a plan, dressing it
540
00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:48,400
up in formal military language.
541
00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:50,720
Ironically, this basic understanding
542
00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:52,960
still exceeded Himmler's own knowledge.
543
00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:57,039
Impressed by Hydrickch's response,
544
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:58,960
Himmler decided to hire him on the spot.
545
00:23:57,039 --> 00:24:01,760
The fact that Heddrich chose a role in
546
00:23:58,960 --> 00:24:04,400
the SS instead of any of the better paid
547
00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:06,960
jobs that were on offer was due to a
548
00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:09,360
number of factors. His desire to impress
549
00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:11,360
his wife and her family with a job in
550
00:24:09,360 --> 00:24:13,440
the political movement they supported.
551
00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:15,200
The role also had a military-like
552
00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:17,760
structure which appealed to his
553
00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:20,080
background. Most of all, it offered him
554
00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:22,559
an exciting role within a radical
555
00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:24,880
organization that openly rejected the
556
00:24:22,559 --> 00:24:27,039
very political system he believed had
557
00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:29,600
unfairly ended his promising naval
558
00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:31,200
career. At that point in time, the SS
559
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:33,360
was still a small and relatively
560
00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:35,760
unimportant unit. It had originally been
561
00:24:33,360 --> 00:24:38,000
formed as Hitler's personal bodyguard
562
00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:41,600
following his release from Lansburg
563
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:43,919
prison, where he had spent much of 1924
564
00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:46,720
due to his failed coup attempt in Munich
565
00:24:43,919 --> 00:24:49,279
the year before. Initially, the SS
566
00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:51,279
operated under the command of the SA and
567
00:24:49,279 --> 00:24:54,000
remained a subordinate group for several
568
00:24:51,279 --> 00:24:56,799
years. However, it soon began to view
569
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:59,600
itself as an elite formation. Hitler's
570
00:24:56,799 --> 00:25:03,919
loyal guard of honor, fiercely dedicated
571
00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:06,400
to him and the Nazi cause. Hydrich thus
572
00:25:03,919 --> 00:25:08,720
joined the SS at an important turning
573
00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:10,720
point in its history, which partly helps
574
00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:14,240
to explain the organization's appeal for
575
00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:16,080
him. The SS promised a career in uniform
576
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:18,720
and the opportunity for rapid
577
00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:21,120
advancement within a still malleable
578
00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:23,600
body that promoted revolutionary views
579
00:25:21,120 --> 00:25:25,760
for the reordering of Germany. Even if
580
00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:28,080
the pay was modest, the new activity
581
00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:30,480
offered Hydrich, as an ardent reader of
582
00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:33,440
crime fiction, a job in an elite
583
00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:35,360
organization that boosted his shaken
584
00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:37,919
self-confidence.
585
00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:39,919
Heddrich, still new and lacking street
586
00:25:37,919 --> 00:25:42,559
credibility, had to prove himself
587
00:25:39,919 --> 00:25:44,480
through direct confrontation. He did so
588
00:25:42,559 --> 00:25:46,960
in brutal street battles against
589
00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:50,320
communists and social democrats. During
590
00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:52,799
these raids, small SS motor squads would
591
00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:55,520
storm political meetings and vanish
592
00:25:52,799 --> 00:25:57,760
before the police could react. Hydrich
593
00:25:55,520 --> 00:25:59,919
quickly gained a fearsome reputation as
594
00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:02,240
the leader of one such unit. In
595
00:25:59,919 --> 00:26:05,279
Hamburg's communist circles, he became
596
00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:07,760
known as the blonde beast. a name earned
597
00:26:05,279 --> 00:26:10,640
by the ruthless efficiency and military
598
00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:13,039
precision of his commando group. Then
599
00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:15,120
after some months, Hydrich returned to
600
00:26:13,039 --> 00:26:17,279
Munich to take up his new position at
601
00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:20,000
the Nazi party headquarters, the
602
00:26:17,279 --> 00:26:21,760
infamous Brownhouse, where Himmler
603
00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:23,919
officially appointed him as the head of
604
00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:28,159
the SS's newly envisioned intelligence
605
00:26:23,919 --> 00:26:30,960
division, the Zika Heights Dest or SD.
606
00:26:28,159 --> 00:26:34,000
In its earliest form, the SD had a clear
607
00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:35,840
two-fold mission. first to gather
608
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:37,440
intelligence on political opponents,
609
00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:40,400
especially the communists and the social
610
00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:42,720
democrats, but second, and far more
611
00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:45,039
sensitive, was to root out police
612
00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:47,760
informers and undercover communist
613
00:26:45,039 --> 00:26:49,440
agents, hiding within the Nazi party
614
00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:52,640
itself.
615
00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:55,360
This latter task would repeatedly land
616
00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:57,919
the SD in trouble, as it walked a fine
617
00:26:55,360 --> 00:27:00,799
line between loyalty and paranoia. Yet
618
00:26:57,919 --> 00:27:03,679
for all its future infamy, the SD's
619
00:27:00,799 --> 00:27:06,559
origins were humble. In fact, it began
620
00:27:03,679 --> 00:27:09,760
as a one-man operation. Reinhardt
621
00:27:06,559 --> 00:27:12,480
Hydrickch was the SD's sole employee,
622
00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:15,679
investigator, cler, analyst, and typist
623
00:27:12,480 --> 00:27:18,480
all-in-one. With almost no budget, he
624
00:27:15,679 --> 00:27:20,159
set up a primitive index card system to
625
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:22,320
record the names and affiliations of
626
00:27:20,159 --> 00:27:24,080
suspected enemies of the party. He
627
00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:27,279
didn't even have his own office or
628
00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:29,200
equipment. Heddrich had to share a desk
629
00:27:27,279 --> 00:27:31,600
and even a typewriter with Richard
630
00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:34,640
Hildebrandt, chief of staff of the tiny
631
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:36,960
SS division South. But from that cramped
632
00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:38,720
room in the Brownhouse, Hydrich began
633
00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:41,039
laying the foundation for a secret
634
00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:44,159
police apparatus that would one day
635
00:27:41,039 --> 00:27:47,360
terrorize Europe. Heddrich worked 18
636
00:27:44,159 --> 00:27:50,320
hours a day obsessively. He didn't leave
637
00:27:47,360 --> 00:27:53,120
the office. He barely slept. Every file
638
00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:56,640
was a puzzle. Every whisper a potential
639
00:27:53,120 --> 00:27:59,039
lead. In time, the SD grew. Informants
640
00:27:56,640 --> 00:28:01,840
were recruited. Files multiplied.
641
00:27:59,039 --> 00:28:04,480
Operations expanded. But in those early
642
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:07,279
days, it was Hydrickch alone, driven by
643
00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:09,919
humiliation, vengeance, and ambition.
644
00:28:07,279 --> 00:28:12,240
What started as a desk in a shared room
645
00:28:09,919 --> 00:28:14,720
soon evolved into the Nazi party's most
646
00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:18,000
feared intelligence machine. By the end
647
00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:20,480
of 1931, Heddrich had stabilized his
648
00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:22,399
career and secured his financial footing
649
00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:26,320
to such a degree that he was finally
650
00:28:22,399 --> 00:28:30,159
able to marry his longtime fiance.
651
00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:32,320
On 26th December 1931, the weird skull
652
00:28:30,159 --> 00:28:34,640
and the blonde Nazi fan girl were
653
00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:38,000
officially married. To mark the happy
654
00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:40,799
occasion, Himmler promoted Hydrich to SS
655
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:43,840
Major just 7 days after his promotion to
656
00:28:40,799 --> 00:28:46,399
SS Captain. In just 15 months since
657
00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:48,480
joining the SS, Hydrickch had already
658
00:28:46,399 --> 00:28:51,120
surpassed the rank he once held in the
659
00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:53,279
Navy. Even if being a naval officer
660
00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:55,760
remained more prestigious than an SS
661
00:28:53,279 --> 00:28:58,480
career at this point, Hydrich must have
662
00:28:55,760 --> 00:29:02,399
felt that his life was back on track. In
663
00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:05,279
June 1932, Hydrickch's SD grew even
664
00:29:02,399 --> 00:29:07,520
stronger. As a result, Himmler promoted
665
00:29:05,279 --> 00:29:09,679
him to the rank of SS Colonel.
666
00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:12,080
Heddrich's rapid rise in the SS
667
00:29:09,679 --> 00:29:15,120
hierarchy and his scarcely disguised
668
00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:18,000
ambition earned him many enemies. By
669
00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:20,640
June 1932, whispers turned to
670
00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:23,440
accusations. The old rumor about his
671
00:29:20,640 --> 00:29:26,240
supposed Jewish ancestry resurfaced with
672
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:29,039
a vengeance. This time it posed a
673
00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:31,200
serious threat. After all, Heddrich was
674
00:29:29,039 --> 00:29:33,200
now a rising star in a political
675
00:29:31,200 --> 00:29:36,080
movement that was built on staunch
676
00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:38,720
anti-semitism. The rumor originated from
677
00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:41,200
Hala, his hometown. Local Nazi party
678
00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:44,320
members, likely envious of his rapid
679
00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:47,360
ascent, fanned the flames. On the 6th of
680
00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:49,840
June, the goaler of Hala, Rudolph
681
00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:52,880
Yordan, formerly wrote to the party's
682
00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:55,600
organizational chief, Gregor Strasa,
683
00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:58,159
raising a pointed concern. He mentioned
684
00:29:55,600 --> 00:30:00,640
a party member with the name of Reinhard
685
00:29:58,159 --> 00:30:02,240
Hydrich, whose father lives in Hara.
686
00:30:00,640 --> 00:30:06,000
There is reason to assume that his
687
00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:08,320
father Bruno Hydrich is a Jew. Alarmed,
688
00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:10,399
Strasa handed the case to Dr. Akim
689
00:30:08,320 --> 00:30:12,159
Gerka, the Nazi party's chief
690
00:30:10,399 --> 00:30:14,399
genealogologist and head of their
691
00:30:12,159 --> 00:30:16,880
information office. Less than 2 weeks
692
00:30:14,399 --> 00:30:19,200
later, on the 22nd of June, Gerka
693
00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:22,799
responded. His report cleared Hydrich
694
00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:25,360
completely. He was of German origin and
695
00:30:22,799 --> 00:30:28,240
free from any trace of colored or Jewish
696
00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:30,799
blood. Girka dismissed the claims as
697
00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:33,120
slander and took full responsibility for
698
00:30:30,799 --> 00:30:35,679
the assessment, even offering to defend
699
00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:38,080
it in court if necessary. Despite this
700
00:30:35,679 --> 00:30:40,480
clarification, Hydrrich was deeply
701
00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:42,880
shaken by the reemergence of the
702
00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:45,200
damaging rumors only a year after his
703
00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:47,200
dismissal from the Navy. Rumors that
704
00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:49,440
threatened his carefully rebuilt
705
00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:51,840
professional existence.
706
00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:54,000
Partly as a result of this embarrassing
707
00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:57,200
and potentially career terminating
708
00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:59,760
episode, Hydrich devoted great energy to
709
00:30:57,200 --> 00:31:02,480
his work in the summer of 1932, his
710
00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:04,880
ambitions continued to be vast. The
711
00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:07,039
rumor that Reinhard Hydrich had Jewish
712
00:31:04,880 --> 00:31:09,520
ancestry started because of a
713
00:31:07,039 --> 00:31:11,600
misunderstanding around his family name.
714
00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:14,559
In a 1916 edition of a music
715
00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:18,720
encyclopedia, Hydrich's father, Bruno,
716
00:31:14,559 --> 00:31:21,279
was listed as Bruno Seuss. Seuss was the
717
00:31:18,720 --> 00:31:24,240
surname of Bruno's stepfather, not
718
00:31:21,279 --> 00:31:27,120
Bruno's biological father. The word
719
00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:28,880
Seuss sounded Jewish to many people,
720
00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:31,840
especially in a society obsessed with
721
00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:34,399
racial purity like Nazi Germany. But in
722
00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:36,080
reality, Seuss was not a Jewish name in
723
00:31:34,399 --> 00:31:39,519
this case, and it didn't come from a
724
00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:42,240
Jewish family. But in an anti-semitic
725
00:31:39,519 --> 00:31:45,600
environment, even this kind of mixup
726
00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:48,720
could cause serious problems. Because of
727
00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:51,279
this, many people wrongly assumed that
728
00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:53,679
Reinhardt had Jewish blood. The rumor
729
00:31:51,279 --> 00:31:55,679
had existed since his childhood, where
730
00:31:53,679 --> 00:31:58,720
some of his classmates used to mock him
731
00:31:55,679 --> 00:32:01,919
by calling him the white Jew or white
732
00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:03,840
Moses. These were meant as insults based
733
00:32:01,919 --> 00:32:07,440
on nothing more than stereotypes and
734
00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:09,600
jealousy. Anyways, in 1933, the Nazis
735
00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:11,440
seized power and almost immediately
736
00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:14,159
unleashed a wave of suppression and
737
00:32:11,440 --> 00:32:16,240
violence. But Reinhard Hydrich didn't
738
00:32:14,159 --> 00:32:19,440
play a major role in the initial street
739
00:32:16,240 --> 00:32:21,440
level terror that swept Berlin. Instead,
740
00:32:19,440 --> 00:32:24,480
he watched from the sidelines,
741
00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:26,880
calculating, waiting, and plotting his
742
00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:29,600
next move to take control of the very
743
00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:32,080
machinery of the German state. Under the
744
00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:34,799
old VHimar Republic, Germany had no
745
00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:36,799
unified police system. Each state
746
00:32:34,799 --> 00:32:39,919
maintained its own law enforcement
747
00:32:36,799 --> 00:32:42,880
agencies, a fragmented system ripe for
748
00:32:39,919 --> 00:32:45,360
exploitation. Hydrrich and his superior
749
00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:47,760
Hinrich Himmler saw this as an
750
00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:50,480
opportunity. But to transform it, they
751
00:32:47,760 --> 00:32:52,480
needed to centralize power, uniting the
752
00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:55,360
various state and local police forces
753
00:32:52,480 --> 00:32:57,600
under a single command, the SS. They
754
00:32:55,360 --> 00:33:00,480
began with Bavaria, one of Germany's
755
00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:03,840
largest and most influential states. Its
756
00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:06,000
capital, Munich, was the birthplace of
757
00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:08,720
Nazism. But the regional government
758
00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:10,960
remained hesitant to accept full Nazi
759
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,880
control. That hesitation quickly
760
00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:14,559
vanished after consistent threats of
761
00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:18,080
violence were made against local
762
00:33:14,559 --> 00:33:20,960
officials. Ultimately, Bavaria folded,
763
00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:23,600
recognizing Hitler's authority. With the
764
00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:26,000
political resistance crushed, Hydrickch
765
00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:28,240
took over the Bavarian political police,
766
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:30,720
reorganizing it according to SS
767
00:33:28,240 --> 00:33:32,799
principles. Under his command, the
768
00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:35,120
police began rounding up communists,
769
00:33:32,799 --> 00:33:37,679
social democrats, union leaders, and
770
00:33:35,120 --> 00:33:40,640
Jews. Many were sent to newly built
771
00:33:37,679 --> 00:33:43,679
concentration camps like Dhaka and
772
00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:46,080
Bavaria was just the beginning. One by
773
00:33:43,679 --> 00:33:47,760
one, Hydrich and Himmler bullied and
774
00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:50,559
coerced other German states into
775
00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:52,720
accepting Nazi control. As each state
776
00:33:50,559 --> 00:33:56,880
submitted, its police forces were
777
00:33:52,720 --> 00:33:59,360
absorbed by the SS. By summer 1934, the
778
00:33:56,880 --> 00:34:01,840
only major law enforcement body not
779
00:33:59,360 --> 00:34:04,240
under SS control was in Prussia. This
780
00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:06,880
wasn't because Prussia was reluctant to
781
00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:09,679
accept the Nazis. In fact, its state
782
00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:12,079
president, Herman Guring, was a leading
783
00:34:09,679 --> 00:34:14,159
member of the Nazi party. The real issue
784
00:34:12,079 --> 00:34:16,079
was power.
785
00:34:14,159 --> 00:34:18,560
Guring commanded Prussia's secret
786
00:34:16,079 --> 00:34:20,320
police, the Gestapo, and he had no
787
00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:22,480
intention of handing it over to Himmler
788
00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:24,399
and Hydrich. However, Guring found
789
00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:27,599
himself caught between two dangerous
790
00:34:24,399 --> 00:34:30,240
forces. The SS growing more powerful by
791
00:34:27,599 --> 00:34:33,679
the day and Ernst R, the head of the
792
00:34:30,240 --> 00:34:35,760
unruly SA or brown shirts. Room had
793
00:34:33,679 --> 00:34:38,000
become increasingly volatile, even
794
00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:41,200
threatening a second revolution to purge
795
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:43,839
so-called traitors within the party. As
796
00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:45,919
tensions continued to rise, Guring
797
00:34:43,839 --> 00:34:49,200
reluctantly agreed to seed control of
798
00:34:45,919 --> 00:34:51,679
the Gestapo to the more disciplined SS.
799
00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:54,720
It wasn't just Guring. Hitler himself
800
00:34:51,679 --> 00:34:57,200
feared that Rome, backed by nearly 3
801
00:34:54,720 --> 00:35:00,240
million men in the SA, might one day
802
00:34:57,200 --> 00:35:02,400
overthrow him. Even the German army was
803
00:35:00,240 --> 00:35:04,480
growing increasingly alarmed by Rome's
804
00:35:02,400 --> 00:35:08,240
ambitions and the SA's growing
805
00:35:04,480 --> 00:35:10,880
influence. On April 22nd, 1934,
806
00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:13,440
30-year-old Reinhard Hydrich was
807
00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:16,000
appointed acting head of the Gestapo.
808
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:19,200
The SS now had the political police in
809
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:21,760
its hands, and it was time to deal with
810
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:24,800
Rome.
811
00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:28,160
Hydrich moved quickly. He allegedly
812
00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:30,720
fabricated a dossier accusing RM of
813
00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:34,000
plotting a coup. The evidence, real or
814
00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:37,359
not, was convincing enough for Hitler.
815
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:39,839
Hydrich drew up hit lists.
816
00:35:37,359 --> 00:35:43,680
And between June 30th and July 2nd,
817
00:35:39,839 --> 00:35:46,320
1934, the SS struck in what became known
818
00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:48,640
as the night of the long knives.
819
00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:52,160
Hundreds of SA leaders were arrested and
820
00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:54,880
executed, including Anst R himself. And
821
00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:57,440
mind you, Anst Room was also the
822
00:35:54,880 --> 00:36:00,400
godfather of Heddrich's child. Despite
823
00:35:57,440 --> 00:36:02,720
this personal bond, Hydrich showed no
824
00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:05,760
hesitation when it came to orchestrating
825
00:36:02,720 --> 00:36:08,240
Room's downfall. With the SA destroyed,
826
00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:11,280
the SS emerged as the dominant power,
827
00:36:08,240 --> 00:36:13,440
and the Gestapo became its weapon. From
828
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:15,200
this moment on, Hydrickch and Himmler
829
00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:19,480
controlled the entire law enforcement
830
00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:19,480
apparatus of Nazi Germany.
831
00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:28,160
People of the same blood should be in
832
00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:30,880
the same Reich. Hitler's dream was to
833
00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:33,520
unite Germany and Austria, two nations
834
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:36,800
he believed were destined to be one. And
835
00:36:33,520 --> 00:36:40,160
on March 12th, 1938, that dream turned
836
00:36:36,800 --> 00:36:42,720
into reality. As tensions across Europe
837
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:46,079
reached a breaking point, Hitler made
838
00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:49,520
his move, he annexed Austria. On March
839
00:36:46,079 --> 00:36:52,160
12th, 1938, German troops marched into
840
00:36:49,520 --> 00:36:55,040
Vienna, forcing the Austrian chancellor
841
00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:58,560
to step down. This event would later be
842
00:36:55,040 --> 00:37:02,079
called the Anlas. Soon after, Hydrick's
843
00:36:58,560 --> 00:37:04,560
SD and Gestapo began cleaning house.
844
00:37:02,079 --> 00:37:07,119
They arrested anyone who might stand in
845
00:37:04,560 --> 00:37:10,240
the way. communists, supporters of the
846
00:37:07,119 --> 00:37:13,599
old government, and royalists. In just a
847
00:37:10,240 --> 00:37:15,920
few days, they detained over 21,000
848
00:37:13,599 --> 00:37:18,079
people, most of whom were sent straight
849
00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:20,640
to concentration camps. After the
850
00:37:18,079 --> 00:37:23,359
Anelus, Hitler set his sights on
851
00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:25,839
Czechoslovakia, particularly the Sudatan
852
00:37:23,359 --> 00:37:28,079
land, a German-speaking border region.
853
00:37:25,839 --> 00:37:30,880
He claimed he was protecting ethnic
854
00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:33,599
Germans, but in truth, it was part of a
855
00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:36,800
larger plan to dominate Eastern Europe.
856
00:37:33,599 --> 00:37:38,800
In September 1938, under pressure from
857
00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:41,280
Hitler and with the infamous Munich
858
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:44,000
Agreement, Britain and France handed
859
00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:47,200
over the Sudatinland without a fight.
860
00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:50,560
But Hitler wasn't satisfied.
861
00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:52,960
Just a few months later, in March 1939,
862
00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:54,640
Nazi forces invaded the rest of
863
00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:57,599
Czechoslovakia.
864
00:37:54,640 --> 00:38:00,320
The country was torn apart. The Slovak
865
00:37:57,599 --> 00:38:02,240
Republic became a puppet state and the
866
00:38:00,320 --> 00:38:04,480
remaining lands were turned into the
867
00:38:02,240 --> 00:38:06,240
protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
868
00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:09,760
which was directly governed by the
869
00:38:06,240 --> 00:38:13,280
Nazis. And once again, Heddrich's men
870
00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:15,680
swept in. His SS and Gestapo forces
871
00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:18,079
crushed resistance in Prague, just as
872
00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:20,880
they had done in Vienna. But these
873
00:38:18,079 --> 00:38:23,599
repressive crackdowns weren't the main
874
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:26,400
act. They were just the warm-up. The
875
00:38:23,599 --> 00:38:29,599
real test for Hydrickch's cruelty came
876
00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:32,160
next in Poland.
877
00:38:29,599 --> 00:38:36,000
As Germany prepared for war, Hydrickch
878
00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:38,720
was given two major tasks. First, his SD
879
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:40,480
units were to engage in smallcale border
880
00:38:38,720 --> 00:38:42,240
skirmishes immediately before the
881
00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:45,440
planned invasion, which would give
882
00:38:42,240 --> 00:38:47,359
Hitler a pretext for invading Poland.
883
00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:50,240
Essentially, Hydrich was leading a false
884
00:38:47,359 --> 00:38:53,359
flag operation. Second, Hitler wanted
885
00:38:50,240 --> 00:38:56,000
the Polish elite completely wiped out.
886
00:38:53,359 --> 00:38:58,320
This became Operation Tannenburgg, a
887
00:38:56,000 --> 00:39:01,280
secret plan to destroy Poland's
888
00:38:58,320 --> 00:39:04,320
leadership and spirit. Hydrich created a
889
00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:07,040
list of 61,000 prominent Poles to be
890
00:39:04,320 --> 00:39:08,800
tracked down and killed. This list
891
00:39:07,040 --> 00:39:10,320
included intellectuals, religious
892
00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:13,760
leaders, politicians, Jews, and
893
00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:17,040
communists. To carry this out, Heddrich
894
00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:19,839
turned to his Insat group, brutal squads
895
00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:21,920
of SS and Gestapo members. Originally
896
00:39:19,839 --> 00:39:24,400
formed during the Czechoslovakian
897
00:39:21,920 --> 00:39:27,680
takeover, these units now had one
898
00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:30,240
purpose, mass executions.
899
00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:33,680
Within weeks of the invasion, 2,000
900
00:39:30,240 --> 00:39:36,400
Einat Scrupman soldiers murdered over
901
00:39:33,680 --> 00:39:39,839
16,000 civilians. And according to
902
00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:42,960
historian Fala Ulich, that number would
903
00:39:39,839 --> 00:39:45,760
rise to 40,000 by the end of the year.
904
00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:48,160
This was a turning point. Heddrich
905
00:39:45,760 --> 00:39:50,800
wasn't just locking people up. He was
906
00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:54,160
ordering mass killings, and he was doing
907
00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:56,480
it with speed and precision. This wasn't
908
00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:58,720
just about loyalty to Hitler. It seemed
909
00:39:56,480 --> 00:40:01,359
like Hydrich was starting to enjoy the
910
00:39:58,720 --> 00:40:03,440
bloodshed. Some say he was trying to
911
00:40:01,359 --> 00:40:06,079
make up for his past failures in the
912
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:08,720
Navy, while others believe he saw
913
00:40:06,079 --> 00:40:11,280
extreme violence as a way to cement his
914
00:40:08,720 --> 00:40:14,160
power inside the SS. But one thing was
915
00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:17,440
certain, Operation Tannenburgg was the
916
00:40:14,160 --> 00:40:19,839
moment Hydrich truly became what Hitler
917
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:22,800
later called the man with the iron
918
00:40:19,839 --> 00:40:27,320
heart. A man so evil that even Hitler
919
00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:27,320
called him the man with the iron heart.
920
00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:31,760
The interval has arrived. So, if you're
921
00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:34,480
still watching this video till now,
922
00:40:31,760 --> 00:40:36,720
comment, "I love you, Roger," below.
923
00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:38,800
Dropping this comment will motivate me
924
00:40:36,720 --> 00:40:40,960
to keep making these long, highly
925
00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:43,119
researched videos. It'll also let me
926
00:40:40,960 --> 00:40:45,520
know that people actually watch these
927
00:40:43,119 --> 00:40:48,480
long documentaries. So, don't forget to
928
00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:51,359
comment, "I love you, Roger."
929
00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:53,760
Now, let's get back to our story. As war
930
00:40:51,359 --> 00:40:56,240
raged across Europe, the Nazi leadership
931
00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:59,200
recognized a growing need to tighten
932
00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:00,800
their grip. Not just over Germany, but
933
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:04,079
over the lands they were about to
934
00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:06,640
conquer. They needed order, ruthless and
935
00:41:04,079 --> 00:41:09,200
centralized control. And so, just weeks
936
00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:12,720
after the invasion of Poland, the Nazi
937
00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:16,079
regime created something entirely new,
938
00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:19,200
something terrifying. On September 27th,
939
00:41:16,079 --> 00:41:21,119
1939, the Nazis officially established
940
00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:24,000
the RHA,
941
00:41:21,119 --> 00:41:27,440
Reich Zika Heights helped amp or the
942
00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:30,800
Reich main security office. Its goal was
943
00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:32,960
simple. Centralize all of Nazi Germany's
944
00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:35,359
security and intelligence services into
945
00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:37,760
one powerful organization,
946
00:41:35,359 --> 00:41:41,440
one that would answer only to Himmler
947
00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:44,400
and ultimately Hitler. And to lead it,
948
00:41:41,440 --> 00:41:46,560
they chose Reinhard Hydrich. Heddrich
949
00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:50,560
was already feared as the head of the SD
950
00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:53,040
and the Gestapo. But now with the RSHA,
951
00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:55,680
he was given authority over far more
952
00:41:53,040 --> 00:42:00,079
than just surveillance. Under his
953
00:41:55,680 --> 00:42:03,520
control, the RSHA combined the SD, the
954
00:42:00,079 --> 00:42:05,839
Gestapo, the Crypo, or German Criminal
955
00:42:03,520 --> 00:42:07,599
Police and several smaller agencies, all
956
00:42:05,839 --> 00:42:10,000
responsible for investigation, racial
957
00:42:07,599 --> 00:42:12,800
policy and enforcement. This meant that
958
00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:14,720
Hydrich now had eyes everywhere in
959
00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:17,200
cities, in villages, in concentration
960
00:42:14,720 --> 00:42:20,560
camps, in military zones, even within
961
00:42:17,200 --> 00:42:23,359
the Nazi party itself. Every whisper of
962
00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:26,319
resistance, every act of defiance, every
963
00:42:23,359 --> 00:42:28,800
citizen deemed a threat to the Reich was
964
00:42:26,319 --> 00:42:31,040
now under Hydrich's jurisdiction. And
965
00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:33,520
this wasn't just power, it was total
966
00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:37,280
surveillance. With the creation of the
967
00:42:33,520 --> 00:42:39,839
RSHA, Reinhard Hydrich became the single
968
00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:42,480
most powerful figure in the entire Nazi
969
00:42:39,839 --> 00:42:44,800
security apparatus. He was no longer
970
00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:49,359
just the man behind the curtain. He was
971
00:42:44,800 --> 00:42:51,760
the man watching the entire stage.
972
00:42:49,359 --> 00:42:53,680
In the spring of 1941,
973
00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:56,240
Hydrich was informed about Operation
974
00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:58,960
Barbarasa, the Nazi plan to launch a
975
00:42:56,240 --> 00:43:00,720
surprise invasion of the Soviet Union.
976
00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:03,520
Hitler believed that by striking
977
00:43:00,720 --> 00:43:05,839
quickly, he could crush the Soviets,
978
00:43:03,520 --> 00:43:08,640
dominate the entire European continent,
979
00:43:05,839 --> 00:43:10,960
and finally defeat Britain. But this
980
00:43:08,640 --> 00:43:13,599
wasn't just a military campaign. It was
981
00:43:10,960 --> 00:43:15,359
a war of annihilation.
982
00:43:13,599 --> 00:43:17,040
Hitler knew that a war against the
983
00:43:15,359 --> 00:43:19,440
communists was going to be a war of
984
00:43:17,040 --> 00:43:21,920
ideologies, which required total
985
00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:24,079
annihilation of one side or the other.
986
00:43:21,920 --> 00:43:27,520
Hitler saw communism and the Soviet
987
00:43:24,079 --> 00:43:29,599
system as an existential threat. He
988
00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:32,480
believed the only way to destroy an
989
00:43:29,599 --> 00:43:35,839
ideology was through absolute brutality
990
00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:38,000
and Hydrich's Enzat Grupam was ideal for
991
00:43:35,839 --> 00:43:40,240
the task. In preparation for the
992
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:42,880
invasion, Heddrich issued deliberately
993
00:43:40,240 --> 00:43:46,240
vague orders to his men. He simply told
994
00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:48,000
them to target quote all Jews in the
995
00:43:46,240 --> 00:43:50,640
service of the Communist Party and the
996
00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:55,440
state. That was all the green light they
997
00:43:50,640 --> 00:43:58,000
needed. On June 22nd, 1941, around 4
998
00:43:55,440 --> 00:44:00,240
million Axis troops crossed into the
999
00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:03,200
Soviet Union in what would become the
1000
00:44:00,240 --> 00:44:05,200
largest land invasion in human history.
1001
00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:08,079
As the German army pushed east,
1002
00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:11,359
Hydrick's Enzat Grupen followed close
1003
00:44:08,079 --> 00:44:14,480
behind, unleashing a wave of terror
1004
00:44:11,359 --> 00:44:18,160
throughout the Soviet Union. The Insat
1005
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:20,560
group killed approximately 1.3 to 1.5
1006
00:44:18,160 --> 00:44:22,880
million people in the Soviet Union. One
1007
00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:26,640
of the most infamous atrocities occurred
1008
00:44:22,880 --> 00:44:29,280
in Babiar, just outside of Kiev. Over
1009
00:44:26,640 --> 00:44:33,200
the course of two days, an Enzat Grupam
1010
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:36,240
unit murdered 33,000 Jews in a nearby
1011
00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:39,040
ravine. While Reinhard Hydrick's Enzat
1012
00:44:36,240 --> 00:44:41,359
Grupam were unleashing a wave of terror
1013
00:44:39,040 --> 00:44:43,599
across the Soviet Union. On the other
1014
00:44:41,359 --> 00:44:48,160
side of the front lines, Hydrickch
1015
00:44:43,599 --> 00:44:50,319
himself was flying combat missions. Yes,
1016
00:44:48,160 --> 00:44:53,760
apart from being a failed naval officer
1017
00:44:50,319 --> 00:44:56,160
and a brutal Nazi leader, Hydrich also
1018
00:44:53,760 --> 00:44:58,480
considered himself a fighter pilot.
1019
00:44:56,160 --> 00:44:59,839
During the earlier Norwegian campaign,
1020
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:02,000
he had already flown several
1021
00:44:59,839 --> 00:45:04,640
reconnaissance and support missions,
1022
00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:07,920
craving recognition as a man of action,
1023
00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:10,800
not just a deskbound bureaucrat. And in
1024
00:45:07,920 --> 00:45:12,800
1941, as Operation Barbarasa unfolded,
1025
00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:15,839
Hydrickch insisted on taking to the
1026
00:45:12,800 --> 00:45:17,760
skies once again, this time over Soviet
1027
00:45:15,839 --> 00:45:20,640
territory. But during one of those
1028
00:45:17,760 --> 00:45:23,680
missions, his aircraft was shot down.
1029
00:45:20,640 --> 00:45:25,760
But somehow he survived the crash and
1030
00:45:23,680 --> 00:45:28,240
managed to escape before Soviet forces
1031
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:31,280
could capture him. It was a narrow
1032
00:45:28,240 --> 00:45:34,480
escape and it shook the Nazi high
1033
00:45:31,280 --> 00:45:36,400
command. Hinrich Himmler was furious. He
1034
00:45:34,480 --> 00:45:38,319
ordered Hydrickch to stop flying
1035
00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:41,040
immediately. He was too valuable to
1036
00:45:38,319 --> 00:45:43,119
lose. But this episode revealed
1037
00:45:41,040 --> 00:45:45,599
something crucial about Hydrickch's
1038
00:45:43,119 --> 00:45:48,000
personality, his recklessness, his
1039
00:45:45,599 --> 00:45:50,560
thirst for adventure, and his relentless
1040
00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:53,200
ambition. He didn't just want to be
1041
00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:56,720
feared as a ruthless strategist. He
1042
00:45:53,200 --> 00:46:00,000
wanted to prove himself a warrior, too.
1043
00:45:56,720 --> 00:46:02,560
It was this dangerous mix of intellect,
1044
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:04,160
cruelty, and boldness that made Hydrich
1045
00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:07,280
one of the deadliest men in the Third
1046
00:46:04,160 --> 00:46:09,119
Reich. But this very reckless spirit of
1047
00:46:07,280 --> 00:46:13,160
adventure would ultimately become the
1048
00:46:09,119 --> 00:46:13,160
cause of Hydrickch's death.
1049
00:46:19,760 --> 00:46:25,599
After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in
1050
00:46:22,319 --> 00:46:29,440
March 1939, Hitler split the country
1051
00:46:25,599 --> 00:46:32,240
into two parts. The first was the Slovak
1052
00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:35,040
Republic, a puppet state under the
1053
00:46:32,240 --> 00:46:37,839
control of the Nazis with Yosef Tiso
1054
00:46:35,040 --> 00:46:39,839
installed as its president. The second
1055
00:46:37,839 --> 00:46:42,160
was the protectorate of Bohemia and
1056
00:46:39,839 --> 00:46:45,680
Moravia, which was placed under direct
1057
00:46:42,160 --> 00:46:47,359
Nazi rule. This region was strategically
1058
00:46:45,680 --> 00:46:50,000
important to Hitler, not just
1059
00:46:47,359 --> 00:46:53,280
politically, but economically as well.
1060
00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:55,359
Bohemia and Moravia were rich in raw
1061
00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:58,240
materials that were crucial for the
1062
00:46:55,359 --> 00:47:00,960
German war effort, including coal, iron,
1063
00:46:58,240 --> 00:47:03,760
steel, and other industrial resources.
1064
00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:06,079
It also had a strong manufacturing base,
1065
00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:08,640
especially in arms and machinery, which
1066
00:47:06,079 --> 00:47:10,800
the Nazis quickly absorbed into their
1067
00:47:08,640 --> 00:47:13,280
military economy. At first, Hitler
1068
00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:15,280
appointed Constantine Fonath, a
1069
00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:18,560
conservative diplomat, to oversee the
1070
00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:21,119
area. But Norath was too soft for
1071
00:47:18,560 --> 00:47:23,760
Hitler's liking. He tried to maintain
1072
00:47:21,119 --> 00:47:26,720
order using traditional means,
1073
00:47:23,760 --> 00:47:28,480
diplomacy, compromise, and minimal
1074
00:47:26,720 --> 00:47:32,000
violence.
1075
00:47:28,480 --> 00:47:35,359
The result, strikes, sabotage, and
1076
00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:38,400
growing Czech resistance. By 1941,
1077
00:47:35,359 --> 00:47:40,800
Hitler had had enough. He needed someone
1078
00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:43,440
ruthless, someone who would crush
1079
00:47:40,800 --> 00:47:47,680
resistance without hesitation.
1080
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:50,400
And so he turned to Reinhard Hydrich.
1081
00:47:47,680 --> 00:47:52,319
Heddrich already had a reputation as one
1082
00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:54,800
of the most feared men in the Third
1083
00:47:52,319 --> 00:47:57,040
Reich. He was brutal, loyal, and
1084
00:47:54,800 --> 00:48:00,079
efficient. Hitler believed Hydrrich
1085
00:47:57,040 --> 00:48:02,640
could do what Vonurath couldn't. Break
1086
00:48:00,079 --> 00:48:05,040
the will of the Czech people and turn
1087
00:48:02,640 --> 00:48:07,440
the protectorate into a model of Nazi
1088
00:48:05,040 --> 00:48:11,359
order and productivity.
1089
00:48:07,440 --> 00:48:14,160
In September 1941, Hydrich was appointed
1090
00:48:11,359 --> 00:48:16,880
acting Reich protector of Bohemia and
1091
00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:20,240
Moravia. From the moment he arrived in
1092
00:48:16,880 --> 00:48:22,559
Prague, he ruled with an iron fist. He
1093
00:48:20,240 --> 00:48:25,200
executed over 400 people in his first
1094
00:48:22,559 --> 00:48:27,599
few months, targeting resistance
1095
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:30,720
members, intellectuals, and anyone
1096
00:48:27,599 --> 00:48:33,040
suspected of disloyalty. Thousands more
1097
00:48:30,720 --> 00:48:37,359
were arrested and sent to concentration
1098
00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:40,720
camps. Streets were silenced by fear.
1099
00:48:37,359 --> 00:48:42,880
And yet alongside the terror, Hadrish
1100
00:48:40,720 --> 00:48:45,440
improved food rations and working
1101
00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:47,440
conditions, not out of compassion, but
1102
00:48:45,440 --> 00:48:52,400
to keep the Czech factories running for
1103
00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:54,800
the Nazi war effort. On 20 January 1942,
1104
00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:58,319
Hydrrich summoned a secret conference of
1105
00:48:54,800 --> 00:49:01,119
highranking Nazi officials at Vansi.
1106
00:48:58,319 --> 00:49:04,720
After this conference, the tragic fate
1107
00:49:01,119 --> 00:49:07,359
of millions of Jews was sealed.
1108
00:49:04,720 --> 00:49:10,640
But Heddrich may have also triggered an
1109
00:49:07,359 --> 00:49:12,640
ancient curse. In Prague Castle, kept
1110
00:49:10,640 --> 00:49:15,040
under heavy guard, lay the crown of
1111
00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:18,000
Saint Venislas. According to Czech
1112
00:49:15,040 --> 00:49:20,880
legend, any usurper who dares to place
1113
00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:24,400
the crown on his head. Someone unworthy
1114
00:49:20,880 --> 00:49:27,200
of the Bohemian throne will die within a
1115
00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:30,240
year. The legend dates back centuries
1116
00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:33,040
and is tied to St. Vinces, the patron
1117
00:49:30,240 --> 00:49:36,000
saint of Bohemia. The crown is said to
1118
00:49:33,040 --> 00:49:38,559
be sacred, a divine symbol of Czech
1119
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:40,960
sovereignty. To wear it unlawfully is
1120
00:49:38,559 --> 00:49:43,200
not only treasonous, but fatal. It is
1121
00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:45,040
rumored, even believed by many, that
1122
00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:47,680
Hydrich, in a moment of arrogance or
1123
00:49:45,040 --> 00:49:50,640
mockery, privately wore the crown of St.
1124
00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:53,520
Venislas while alone inside Prague
1125
00:49:50,640 --> 00:49:56,400
Castle. There were no witnesses, but
1126
00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:59,280
whispers of the act spread quickly.
1127
00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:01,359
If true, it would mean that he had
1128
00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:05,040
fulfilled the exact condition of the
1129
00:50:01,359 --> 00:50:07,760
ancient curse, an unworthy ruler placing
1130
00:50:05,040 --> 00:50:10,160
the sacred Bohemian crown on his head.
1131
00:50:07,760 --> 00:50:13,040
And just as the legend warned, any such
1132
00:50:10,160 --> 00:50:16,960
man would die within a year. And in
1133
00:50:13,040 --> 00:50:19,680
Hydrickch's case, the curse didn't miss.
1134
00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:22,480
Hydrich's reign of terror in Prague had
1135
00:50:19,680 --> 00:50:24,800
not gone unnoticed. Back in Britain, the
1136
00:50:22,480 --> 00:50:26,880
Czechoslovak government in exile, led by
1137
00:50:24,800 --> 00:50:28,400
President Edward Banish, had been
1138
00:50:26,880 --> 00:50:31,119
closely watching the protectorate
1139
00:50:28,400 --> 00:50:34,319
suffering. They knew that to inspire
1140
00:50:31,119 --> 00:50:36,800
hope at home and prove their loyalty to
1141
00:50:34,319 --> 00:50:39,440
the Allies, they needed to strike a
1142
00:50:36,800 --> 00:50:42,079
decisive blow, something that would send
1143
00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:46,160
a message not just to the Nazis, but to
1144
00:50:42,079 --> 00:50:49,359
the whole world. And so, a daring plan
1145
00:50:46,160 --> 00:50:52,400
was born. The plan was simple.
1146
00:50:49,359 --> 00:50:55,440
assassinate Reinhard Hydrrich, the most
1147
00:50:52,400 --> 00:50:58,720
powerful Nazi in occupied Europe. The
1148
00:50:55,440 --> 00:51:01,040
operation would be called Anthropoid.
1149
00:50:58,720 --> 00:51:03,359
To carry it out, the Czech government in
1150
00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:07,119
exile turned to the British Special
1151
00:51:03,359 --> 00:51:08,960
Operations Executive, the SOE. The SOE
1152
00:51:07,119 --> 00:51:12,319
trained exiled soldiers from
1153
00:51:08,960 --> 00:51:15,200
Czechoslovakia in sabotage, explosives,
1154
00:51:12,319 --> 00:51:17,040
guerrilla tactics, and silent killing.
1155
00:51:15,200 --> 00:51:20,640
The original plan was to send Ysef
1156
00:51:17,040 --> 00:51:22,640
Gabchic, a Slovak, and Carol Svoda, a
1157
00:51:20,640 --> 00:51:26,079
Czech staff sergeant. They were chosen
1158
00:51:22,640 --> 00:51:28,880
for the mission on October 28th, 1941,
1159
00:51:26,079 --> 00:51:31,359
Czechoslovakia's independence day. A
1160
00:51:28,880 --> 00:51:34,720
symbolic date meant to echo National
1161
00:51:31,359 --> 00:51:36,880
Defiance. But before deployment, Svoda
1162
00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:38,800
suffered a head injury during training.
1163
00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:40,880
He had to be replaced, the new
1164
00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:42,400
candidate, Yan Kubish, a Czech
1165
00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:44,000
artilleryman.
1166
00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:46,480
But Kubish hadn't completed his
1167
00:51:44,000 --> 00:51:48,559
training, nor had his false identity
1168
00:51:46,480 --> 00:51:51,599
documents been prepared. The mission was
1169
00:51:48,559 --> 00:51:53,839
delayed. Finally, when everything was in
1170
00:51:51,599 --> 00:51:55,680
place, these two men were selected for
1171
00:51:53,839 --> 00:51:58,880
what would become one of the most daring
1172
00:51:55,680 --> 00:52:02,880
operations of the war. 30-year-old Ysef
1173
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:05,440
Gabchic and 27-year-old Yan Kubish.
1174
00:52:02,880 --> 00:52:08,319
Gabchic had served in the Czechoslovak
1175
00:52:05,440 --> 00:52:11,280
army and was known for his sharp mind
1176
00:52:08,319 --> 00:52:13,200
and technical skills. Kubish had fought
1177
00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:16,640
in the artillery with frontline
1178
00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:19,599
experience and nerves of steel. Both had
1179
00:52:16,640 --> 00:52:21,839
already resisted the Nazis first during
1180
00:52:19,599 --> 00:52:24,800
the occupation of Czechoslovakia and
1181
00:52:21,839 --> 00:52:27,280
later in France. Both had escaped to
1182
00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:30,160
Britain and both understood one thing.
1183
00:52:27,280 --> 00:52:32,559
This was a mission with almost no chance
1184
00:52:30,160 --> 00:52:35,200
of survival. They had no illusions of
1185
00:52:32,559 --> 00:52:38,480
returning to London or even surviving in
1186
00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:40,960
Prague. But if Hydrickch's death could
1187
00:52:38,480 --> 00:52:43,680
weaken Nazi control over Europe, the
1188
00:52:40,960 --> 00:52:46,079
mission was worth it. Hydrich had to
1189
00:52:43,680 --> 00:52:48,240
die. After weeks of brutal training,
1190
00:52:46,079 --> 00:52:51,280
they were ready. On the freezing night
1191
00:52:48,240 --> 00:52:52,800
of December 28th, 1941, a British
1192
00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:55,359
Halifax bomber roared over
1193
00:52:52,800 --> 00:52:58,559
Czechoslovakia, flying low to avoid
1194
00:52:55,359 --> 00:53:00,880
detection. At around 2:00 a.m., Gabchic
1195
00:52:58,559 --> 00:53:03,359
and Kubish parachuted into the darkness,
1196
00:53:00,880 --> 00:53:06,559
aiming for a location near Piltson. But
1197
00:53:03,359 --> 00:53:10,160
immediately everything went wrong. A
1198
00:53:06,559 --> 00:53:13,440
snowstorm raged below. The drop zone was
1199
00:53:10,160 --> 00:53:16,640
missed. The two agents landed 75 mi off
1200
00:53:13,440 --> 00:53:18,640
target. And worse, Gabchic misjudged his
1201
00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:21,440
landing and badly injured his ankle on
1202
00:53:18,640 --> 00:53:23,520
the frozen ground. He could barely walk,
1203
00:53:21,440 --> 00:53:27,359
relying on Kubish's help just to stay
1204
00:53:23,520 --> 00:53:31,280
upright. They were lost, exposed, and
1205
00:53:27,359 --> 00:53:32,400
vulnerable. In deep snow, any Gestapo
1206
00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:35,359
patrol could have followed their
1207
00:53:32,400 --> 00:53:38,400
bootprints and caught them easily. The
1208
00:53:35,359 --> 00:53:40,960
mission appeared doomed from the start.
1209
00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:44,400
But thankfully, there was no Gestapo
1210
00:53:40,960 --> 00:53:46,480
unit anywhere nearby. Instead, a local
1211
00:53:44,400 --> 00:53:48,880
miller who had witnessed their parachute
1212
00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:51,680
landing discovered them hiding in a
1213
00:53:48,880 --> 00:53:53,200
nearby quarry. As luck would have it,
1214
00:53:51,680 --> 00:53:56,079
the miller was connected to the
1215
00:53:53,200 --> 00:53:58,160
resistance. With his assistance, Gabchic
1216
00:53:56,079 --> 00:53:59,920
and Kubish boarded a train to Prague and
1217
00:53:58,160 --> 00:54:01,520
through his contacts, they were
1218
00:53:59,920 --> 00:54:04,400
introduced to key members of the
1219
00:54:01,520 --> 00:54:06,400
resistance network in the city. There,
1220
00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:09,119
the resistance connected them with safe
1221
00:54:06,400 --> 00:54:12,079
houses and coordinated their next moves.
1222
00:54:09,119 --> 00:54:14,400
Carrying fake papers, pistols, grenades,
1223
00:54:12,079 --> 00:54:16,559
cyanide capsules, and a British sten
1224
00:54:14,400 --> 00:54:18,880
gun. The two men slipped into the
1225
00:54:16,559 --> 00:54:21,280
capital, now the heart of the Nazi
1226
00:54:18,880 --> 00:54:24,000
protectorate. For the next 5 months,
1227
00:54:21,280 --> 00:54:26,240
they lived like shadows, constantly
1228
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:28,559
shifting between safe houses arranged by
1229
00:54:26,240 --> 00:54:31,119
the Czech resistance group. In the
1230
00:54:28,559 --> 00:54:34,720
shadows, the plan to kill Hydrickch
1231
00:54:31,119 --> 00:54:37,119
began to take shape. Gabchic and Kubish
1232
00:54:34,720 --> 00:54:40,480
stalked him for weeks. Learning his
1233
00:54:37,119 --> 00:54:44,240
roots, his habits, his blind spots, they
1234
00:54:40,480 --> 00:54:46,000
noticed something bizarre. Hydrich,
1235
00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:48,400
despite being one of the most powerful
1236
00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:51,040
men in Nazi Europe, traveled in an open
1237
00:54:48,400 --> 00:54:53,200
top Mercedes, usually without escort.
1238
00:54:51,040 --> 00:54:57,040
His only protection was a driver,
1239
00:54:53,200 --> 00:54:59,520
Johannes Klene. Sometimes Hydrich even
1240
00:54:57,040 --> 00:55:01,200
walked the streets of Prague with no
1241
00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:03,599
guards at all. He believed he was
1242
00:55:01,200 --> 00:55:05,920
untouchable. Even Himmler had advised
1243
00:55:03,599 --> 00:55:08,880
him to tighten his personal security.
1244
00:55:05,920 --> 00:55:12,160
But Hydrich ignored the warning. And
1245
00:55:08,880 --> 00:55:14,960
Hitler, he was furious. Hitler
1246
00:55:12,160 --> 00:55:16,720
reportedly said, "Such heroic gestures
1247
00:55:14,960 --> 00:55:18,800
like driving in an open unarmored
1248
00:55:16,720 --> 00:55:21,440
vehicle or walking in the streets of
1249
00:55:18,800 --> 00:55:23,359
Prague unguarded are just damn
1250
00:55:21,440 --> 00:55:25,200
stupidity. Men of importance like
1251
00:55:23,359 --> 00:55:27,520
Hydrich should know that they are being
1252
00:55:25,200 --> 00:55:29,359
continually stalked. There are any
1253
00:55:27,520 --> 00:55:32,640
number of people just waiting to kill
1254
00:55:29,359 --> 00:55:35,839
him." And he was right.
1255
00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:38,480
As the weeks passed, Gabchic and Kubish
1256
00:55:35,839 --> 00:55:41,440
began searching for the perfect place to
1257
00:55:38,480 --> 00:55:44,319
strike. They walked and cycled through
1258
00:55:41,440 --> 00:55:46,800
the city, surveying every inch of
1259
00:55:44,319 --> 00:55:49,440
Hydrickch's daily route from Prague
1260
00:55:46,800 --> 00:55:50,880
Castle to his country residence. They
1261
00:55:49,440 --> 00:55:53,680
searched for a location that offered
1262
00:55:50,880 --> 00:55:56,160
both a clear shot and a narrow window of
1263
00:55:53,680 --> 00:56:00,240
vulnerability. The mission demanded
1264
00:55:56,160 --> 00:56:02,240
absolute precision, one mistake, and
1265
00:56:00,240 --> 00:56:04,079
they were dead.
1266
00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:06,960
By early February, they found their
1267
00:56:04,079 --> 00:56:10,160
opportunity, a tight hairpin turn in the
1268
00:56:06,960 --> 00:56:12,640
Prague suburb of Leeben. Each morning,
1269
00:56:10,160 --> 00:56:15,599
Heddrich's Mercedes was forced to slow
1270
00:56:12,640 --> 00:56:18,799
down drastically at that turn, almost to
1271
00:56:15,599 --> 00:56:22,079
a walking pace. It was the perfect place
1272
00:56:18,799 --> 00:56:24,559
for an ambush. Just behind the turn was
1273
00:56:22,079 --> 00:56:26,880
a public bus stop, giving Gabchic and
1274
00:56:24,559 --> 00:56:29,599
Kubish the ideal cover to wait without
1275
00:56:26,880 --> 00:56:31,920
raising suspicion. Gabchic and Kubish
1276
00:56:29,599 --> 00:56:35,119
could blend in with ordinary commuters
1277
00:56:31,920 --> 00:56:37,359
and wait. So the plan was that Gabchic
1278
00:56:35,119 --> 00:56:39,839
would fire at Heddrich's car from the
1279
00:56:37,359 --> 00:56:42,000
front and Kubish would throw a grenade
1280
00:56:39,839 --> 00:56:45,119
from the side to finish off whatever
1281
00:56:42,000 --> 00:56:47,520
remained. When the resistance received a
1282
00:56:45,119 --> 00:56:49,440
tip from a Czech insider at Prague
1283
00:56:47,520 --> 00:56:52,480
Castle that Hydrish would be meeting
1284
00:56:49,440 --> 00:56:55,200
Hitler on May 27th and likely leaving
1285
00:56:52,480 --> 00:56:58,240
the country for several weeks. Gabch and
1286
00:56:55,200 --> 00:57:01,960
Kubish chose that day as the moment to
1287
00:56:58,240 --> 00:57:01,960
carry out their mission.
1288
00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:07,880
fighting and Hitler will tear Brag
1289
00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:07,880
apart.
1290
00:57:08,720 --> 00:57:13,520
>> Gabchic and Kubish, despite final pleas
1291
00:57:11,599 --> 00:57:16,400
from their underground protectors to
1292
00:57:13,520 --> 00:57:20,200
abandon the mission, decided that it was
1293
00:57:16,400 --> 00:57:20,200
time to act.
1294
00:57:21,599 --> 00:57:26,079
On the morning of the 27th of May,
1295
00:57:24,000 --> 00:57:28,400
Gabchic and Kubish accordingly
1296
00:57:26,079 --> 00:57:31,760
positioned themselves near the hairpin
1297
00:57:28,400 --> 00:57:34,559
curve designated for the attack. Despite
1298
00:57:31,760 --> 00:57:37,440
the warm weather, Gabchic carried a
1299
00:57:34,559 --> 00:57:40,400
raincoat over his arm, concealing his
1300
00:57:37,440 --> 00:57:42,799
submachine gun. On the opposite side of
1301
00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:46,400
the street, Kubish was leaning against a
1302
00:57:42,799 --> 00:57:49,599
lamp post. Two highly sensitive fused
1303
00:57:46,400 --> 00:57:52,559
bombs in his briefcase. A third man,
1304
00:57:49,599 --> 00:57:54,799
Ysef Valic, who had been parachuted into
1305
00:57:52,559 --> 00:57:56,799
the protectorate in December, positioned
1306
00:57:54,799 --> 00:57:58,480
himself further up the hill, where he
1307
00:57:56,799 --> 00:58:03,520
acted as lookout for the approaching
1308
00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:05,920
car. At around 10:20 a.m., Valtic's
1309
00:58:03,520 --> 00:58:08,160
shaving mirror flashed in the sun,
1310
00:58:05,920 --> 00:58:09,680
signaling that Hydrickch's car was
1311
00:58:08,160 --> 00:58:11,760
approaching.
1312
00:58:09,680 --> 00:58:14,400
As the assassins had anticipated,
1313
00:58:11,760 --> 00:58:16,960
Heddrich's driver slowed down for the
1314
00:58:14,400 --> 00:58:19,760
bend. When the car turned the corner,
1315
00:58:16,960 --> 00:58:22,319
Gabchic leaped out, aimed his submachine
1316
00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:24,720
gun at Hydrich, and pulled the trigger.
1317
00:58:22,319 --> 00:58:28,839
But in that crucial moment, everything
1318
00:58:24,720 --> 00:58:28,839
went terribly wrong.
1319
00:58:33,359 --> 00:58:39,040
The gun jammed, but then Heddrich made a
1320
00:58:36,559 --> 00:58:41,119
costly mistake. Instead of ordering his
1321
00:58:39,040 --> 00:58:43,920
driver to speed away, he told him to
1322
00:58:41,119 --> 00:58:46,799
stop. He pulled out his pistol and aimed
1323
00:58:43,920 --> 00:58:49,280
it at Gabchic. But before he could fire,
1324
00:58:46,799 --> 00:58:53,720
Kubish stepped out of the shadows and
1325
00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:53,720
tossed a bomb toward the open Mercedes.
1326
00:58:55,119 --> 00:59:00,240
He misjudged the distance and the bomb
1327
00:58:57,839 --> 00:59:02,319
exploded against the car's rear wheel,
1328
00:59:00,240 --> 00:59:04,640
throwing shrapnel back into Kubish's
1329
00:59:02,319 --> 00:59:07,680
face and shattering the windows of a
1330
00:59:04,640 --> 00:59:10,400
passing tram. The wounded Heddrich fired
1331
00:59:07,680 --> 00:59:12,799
shots at Kubish, but due to the smoke,
1332
00:59:10,400 --> 00:59:15,839
not a single bullet hit him, and Kubish
1333
00:59:12,799 --> 00:59:18,160
fled the scene on his bicycle.
1334
00:59:15,839 --> 00:59:20,960
Meanwhile, on the other side, Gabchic
1335
00:59:18,160 --> 00:59:24,319
threw away his jammed Sten gun and tried
1336
00:59:20,960 --> 00:59:26,960
to flee, but escape wasn't easy for him.
1337
00:59:24,319 --> 00:59:30,000
Heddrich's driver, Klene, chased after
1338
00:59:26,960 --> 00:59:32,720
him. Gabchic ran into a nearby butcher
1339
00:59:30,000 --> 00:59:36,400
shop, but quickly realized there was no
1340
00:59:32,720 --> 00:59:38,880
back door, no exit. He was trapped. But
1341
00:59:36,400 --> 00:59:40,880
as Klein stepped inside, Gabchic fired
1342
00:59:38,880 --> 00:59:43,880
two shots into his legs and made his
1343
00:59:40,880 --> 00:59:43,880
escape.
1344
00:59:43,920 --> 00:59:47,599
After the assassins made their escape,
1345
00:59:46,000 --> 00:59:50,400
Hydrickch was rushed to a nearby
1346
00:59:47,599 --> 00:59:52,319
hospital. While surgeons worked on him,
1347
00:59:50,400 --> 00:59:54,559
news of the attack reached both Himmler
1348
00:59:52,319 --> 00:59:57,040
and Hitler, and their fury was
1349
00:59:54,559 --> 01:00:00,559
immediate. Himmler was allegedly so
1350
00:59:57,040 --> 01:00:03,040
shaken that he burst into tears.
1351
01:00:00,559 --> 01:00:05,599
Both demanded swift and severe
1352
01:00:03,040 --> 01:00:07,839
retributions. Hitler instantly called
1353
01:00:05,599 --> 01:00:10,880
for the execution of 10,000 Czech
1354
01:00:07,839 --> 01:00:12,720
hostages, declaring that the checks have
1355
01:00:10,880 --> 01:00:15,119
to learn the lesson that if they shoot
1356
01:00:12,720 --> 01:00:17,839
down one man, he will immediately be
1357
01:00:15,119 --> 01:00:19,680
replaced by somebody even worse.
1358
01:00:17,839 --> 01:00:22,480
Thankfully, Heddrich's deputy Carl
1359
01:00:19,680 --> 01:00:24,720
Herman Frank managed to calm the enraged
1360
01:00:22,480 --> 01:00:26,880
Hitler. Fearing that mass reprisals
1361
01:00:24,720 --> 01:00:28,640
could damage Germany's vital economic
1362
01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:30,880
interests in the region, Frank
1363
01:00:28,640 --> 01:00:33,599
immediately flew to Berlin to argue his
1364
01:00:30,880 --> 01:00:36,880
case. He insisted the attack was an
1365
01:00:33,599 --> 01:00:39,040
isolated act orchestrated from London
1366
01:00:36,880 --> 01:00:41,200
and warned that indiscriminate killings
1367
01:00:39,040 --> 01:00:43,040
would harm Germany's war effort and
1368
01:00:41,200 --> 01:00:46,319
could cause the Czech resistance to
1369
01:00:43,040 --> 01:00:49,119
spread even further. Largecale
1370
01:00:46,319 --> 01:00:50,720
massacres, he argued, would also undo
1371
01:00:49,119 --> 01:00:52,960
Hydrickch's effective occupation
1372
01:00:50,720 --> 01:00:56,079
policies, [ __ ] Czech armament
1373
01:00:52,960 --> 01:00:58,720
production, and fuel enemy propaganda.
1374
01:00:56,079 --> 01:01:00,880
His reasoning worked, at least for the
1375
01:00:58,720 --> 01:01:03,680
moment. Hitler withdrew his order to
1376
01:01:00,880 --> 01:01:05,920
execute 10,000 Czech hostages, but
1377
01:01:03,680 --> 01:01:08,799
remained adamant that the assassins must
1378
01:01:05,920 --> 01:01:11,839
be found and captured without delay.
1379
01:01:08,799 --> 01:01:14,160
More than 12,000 Gestapo and SS
1380
01:01:11,839 --> 01:01:16,720
personnel spread out across Prague,
1381
01:01:14,160 --> 01:01:19,520
raiding nearly 36,000 buildings in their
1382
01:01:16,720 --> 01:01:21,839
search for the assassins. Yet, despite
1383
01:01:19,520 --> 01:01:24,240
leaving hardly a single home unchecked,
1384
01:01:21,839 --> 01:01:26,720
the massive police operation failed to
1385
01:01:24,240 --> 01:01:29,280
achieve its goal. The assassins were
1386
01:01:26,720 --> 01:01:31,200
nowhere to be found. The Nazis announced
1387
01:01:29,280 --> 01:01:33,680
a reward of 10 million Cronin for
1388
01:01:31,200 --> 01:01:35,680
capturing the assassins. Anyone found
1389
01:01:33,680 --> 01:01:38,480
sheltering or helping them or even
1390
01:01:35,680 --> 01:01:41,200
knowing their identities or location and
1391
01:01:38,480 --> 01:01:43,520
failing to report it would be executed
1392
01:01:41,200 --> 01:01:46,000
along with their entire family.
1393
01:01:43,520 --> 01:01:48,720
Meanwhile, as the massive manhunt for
1394
01:01:46,000 --> 01:01:50,559
Hydrickch's assassins raged on, Hydrich
1395
01:01:48,720 --> 01:01:52,960
seemed to be recovering well, and it
1396
01:01:50,559 --> 01:01:55,040
appeared he would soon be out of danger.
1397
01:01:52,960 --> 01:01:57,200
For days after the surgery, his
1398
01:01:55,040 --> 01:01:59,680
condition improved steadily and he was
1399
01:01:57,200 --> 01:02:01,760
alert, speaking to visitors and even
1400
01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:05,520
discussed future plans. But on the
1401
01:02:01,760 --> 01:02:07,760
morning of June 4th, everything changed.
1402
01:02:05,520 --> 01:02:10,880
Without warning, Hydrick's temperature
1403
01:02:07,760 --> 01:02:12,720
spiked and he slipped into a coma.
1404
01:02:10,880 --> 01:02:15,680
Doctors quickly realized that a deadly
1405
01:02:12,720 --> 01:02:18,240
infection had taken hold. Within hours,
1406
01:02:15,680 --> 01:02:20,559
Hydrick's organs began to fail. By
1407
01:02:18,240 --> 01:02:22,160
midday, it was clear he would not
1408
01:02:20,559 --> 01:02:26,880
survive.
1409
01:02:22,160 --> 01:02:29,280
At 4:30 a.m. on June 4th, 1942, Reinhard
1410
01:02:26,880 --> 01:02:32,000
Hydrich, one of the most feared men in
1411
01:02:29,280 --> 01:02:34,079
Nazi Germany, was pronounced dead. Not
1412
01:02:32,000 --> 01:02:37,599
from the blast itself, but from
1413
01:02:34,079 --> 01:02:41,280
septasemia caused by the infection.
1414
01:02:37,599 --> 01:02:44,319
On June 7th, 1942, Reinhard Hydrick's
1415
01:02:41,280 --> 01:02:46,559
body was placed in a coffin. His funeral
1416
01:02:44,319 --> 01:02:49,200
procession through Prague was unlike
1417
01:02:46,559 --> 01:02:51,280
anything the city had ever seen. Streets
1418
01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:54,160
were lined with thousands of German
1419
01:02:51,280 --> 01:02:56,960
soldiers in full parade uniform.
1420
01:02:54,160 --> 01:02:59,280
Military bands played solemn marches as
1421
01:02:56,960 --> 01:03:02,240
the coffin carried on a gun carriage
1422
01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:04,480
slowly made its way to the station. From
1423
01:03:02,240 --> 01:03:06,480
Prague, the coffin was transported to
1424
01:03:04,480 --> 01:03:09,599
Berlin, where the Nazi leadership
1425
01:03:06,480 --> 01:03:12,079
gathered for a grand state funeral. The
1426
01:03:09,599 --> 01:03:16,599
hall was filled with black banners and
1427
01:03:12,079 --> 01:03:16,599
an ocean of SS uniforms.
1428
01:03:18,720 --> 01:03:21,720
and
1429
01:03:26,640 --> 01:03:29,640
findus.
1430
01:03:30,559 --> 01:03:36,400
>> Hitler declared Hydrich a martr. On the
1431
01:03:34,319 --> 01:03:37,920
other hand, Himmler said, "I am
1432
01:03:36,400 --> 01:03:40,319
privileged to thank you for your
1433
01:03:37,920 --> 01:03:42,640
unswerving loyalty and for your
1434
01:03:40,319 --> 01:03:45,119
wonderful friendship which was a bond
1435
01:03:42,640 --> 01:03:47,200
between us in this life and which death
1436
01:03:45,119 --> 01:03:49,680
can never put us under." He also
1437
01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:51,440
proclaimed that Hydrich was someone who
1438
01:03:49,680 --> 01:03:52,799
should be emulated, though he
1439
01:03:51,440 --> 01:03:55,440
acknowledged that no one would be able
1440
01:03:52,799 --> 01:03:57,760
to achieve such glory. The Nazis gave
1441
01:03:55,440 --> 01:04:00,799
Hydrich a farewell as if a great saint
1442
01:03:57,760 --> 01:04:02,880
had died. On the very day of Heddrich's
1443
01:04:00,799 --> 01:04:04,640
grand funeral, the Nazis received
1444
01:04:02,880 --> 01:04:07,359
intelligence, claiming that his
1445
01:04:04,640 --> 01:04:10,799
assassins were hiding in the small Czech
1446
01:04:07,359 --> 01:04:13,440
village of Leit. Hitler, seizing on this
1447
01:04:10,799 --> 01:04:15,680
as an opportunity for swift and brutal
1448
01:04:13,440 --> 01:04:18,079
vengeance, ordered the village to be
1449
01:04:15,680 --> 01:04:20,160
completely wiped from the map, both as
1450
01:04:18,079 --> 01:04:21,920
retaliation and as a chilling warning
1451
01:04:20,160 --> 01:04:24,160
meant to compel others to turn in the
1452
01:04:21,920 --> 01:04:26,960
killers. But in the days that followed,
1453
01:04:24,160 --> 01:04:29,440
a grim truth emerged. The reports were
1454
01:04:26,960 --> 01:04:31,760
false. Litzay had no connection to the
1455
01:04:29,440 --> 01:04:34,240
resistance and the assassins had never
1456
01:04:31,760 --> 01:04:38,079
set foot there. Yet the truth meant
1457
01:04:34,240 --> 01:04:41,039
nothing to the Nazis. After Litay,
1458
01:04:38,079 --> 01:04:44,400
rumors spread that every tenth check was
1459
01:04:41,039 --> 01:04:46,319
to be shot. Despite the wave of terror
1460
01:04:44,400 --> 01:04:47,920
that engulfed the population, the
1461
01:04:46,319 --> 01:04:50,240
assassins were still nowhere to be
1462
01:04:47,920 --> 01:04:53,359
found. The massacre and destruction of
1463
01:04:50,240 --> 01:04:56,480
Litay failed to achieve the Gestapo's
1464
01:04:53,359 --> 01:04:58,480
intended goal. No one stepped forward
1465
01:04:56,480 --> 01:05:01,440
with clues or evidence about the
1466
01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:03,280
assassin's whereabouts. Frustrated, the
1467
01:05:01,440 --> 01:05:06,240
Nazis warned that if the culprits were
1468
01:05:03,280 --> 01:05:08,079
not handed over by June 18th, more
1469
01:05:06,240 --> 01:05:10,640
executions would follow across the
1470
01:05:08,079 --> 01:05:14,160
territory. In the wake of this threat,
1471
01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:17,760
the Nazis received nearly 2,000 tips,
1472
01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:21,280
one of them from a man named Carl Chura.
1473
01:05:17,760 --> 01:05:24,319
Chura himself was a resistance fighter.
1474
01:05:21,280 --> 01:05:27,760
But after witnessing the fate of Litay,
1475
01:05:24,319 --> 01:05:29,920
he became terrified. As a result, he
1476
01:05:27,760 --> 01:05:33,520
betrayed the cause for the safety of his
1477
01:05:29,920 --> 01:05:36,240
family. On June 16th, 1942, he went to
1478
01:05:33,520 --> 01:05:38,000
the Gestapo headquarters in Prague.
1479
01:05:36,240 --> 01:05:40,960
Although Chura did not know the
1480
01:05:38,000 --> 01:05:43,280
assassin's exact present location, he
1481
01:05:40,960 --> 01:05:46,079
provided the Gestapo with the addresses
1482
01:05:43,280 --> 01:05:48,799
of various safe houses they had used.
1483
01:05:46,079 --> 01:05:50,799
The Gestapo raided these safe houses and
1484
01:05:48,799 --> 01:05:52,559
after interrogation they learned that
1485
01:05:50,799 --> 01:05:56,079
the assassins were hiding in the church
1486
01:05:52,559 --> 01:06:00,559
of Sirill and Methodius in Prague. Ysef
1487
01:05:56,079 --> 01:06:02,480
Gabchic, Yan Kubish, Ysef Valic and four
1488
01:06:00,559 --> 01:06:04,480
other Czech and Slovak resistance
1489
01:06:02,480 --> 01:06:07,280
fighters were holed up inside the church
1490
01:06:04,480 --> 01:06:11,520
of Saints Sirill and Mthodius. On the
1491
01:06:07,280 --> 01:06:14,799
morning of June 18th, 1942, 750 heavily
1492
01:06:11,520 --> 01:06:18,160
armed SS troops and Gestapo officers
1493
01:06:14,799 --> 01:06:20,400
surrounded the church. The Nazis sealed
1494
01:06:18,160 --> 01:06:23,039
off the surrounding streets, placing
1495
01:06:20,400 --> 01:06:25,280
machine guns at key points. They were
1496
01:06:23,039 --> 01:06:28,400
determined that no one inside would
1497
01:06:25,280 --> 01:06:30,559
escape alive. At around 4:00 a.m., the
1498
01:06:28,400 --> 01:06:33,680
assault began.
1499
01:06:30,559 --> 01:06:35,440
German troops stormed into the church
1500
01:06:33,680 --> 01:06:38,240
where they found three members of the
1501
01:06:35,440 --> 01:06:40,559
resistance, including Kubish and Valick,
1502
01:06:38,240 --> 01:06:44,079
positioned in the upper gallery. A
1503
01:06:40,559 --> 01:06:46,240
fierce gun battle erupted.
1504
01:06:44,079 --> 01:06:48,240
Bullets tore through the church's sacred
1505
01:06:46,240 --> 01:06:50,640
walls as the resistance fighters
1506
01:06:48,240 --> 01:06:53,640
returned fire with pistols and Sten
1507
01:06:50,640 --> 01:06:53,640
guns.
1508
01:07:02,799 --> 01:07:07,280
For over two hours, the upper floor
1509
01:07:05,200 --> 01:07:09,599
became a war zone until the fighters
1510
01:07:07,280 --> 01:07:12,559
were either mortally wounded or killed.
1511
01:07:09,599 --> 01:07:15,359
Valchic fought bravely, but was killed
1512
01:07:12,559 --> 01:07:17,760
in the firefight. Kubish was gravely
1513
01:07:15,359 --> 01:07:20,559
wounded and later died from his
1514
01:07:17,760 --> 01:07:22,799
injuries. Meanwhile, Gabchic and three
1515
01:07:20,559 --> 01:07:24,960
other resistance fighters were hiding in
1516
01:07:22,799 --> 01:07:26,799
the church's crypt beneath the floor,
1517
01:07:24,960 --> 01:07:29,680
accessible only by a narrow hidden
1518
01:07:26,799 --> 01:07:32,000
entrance.
1519
01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:33,440
>> Jose,
1520
01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:35,119
you should surrender now and save
1521
01:07:33,440 --> 01:07:38,599
yourselves.
1522
01:07:35,119 --> 01:07:38,599
>> Do you hear me?
1523
01:07:39,520 --> 01:07:44,000
>> Through the traitor, Carl Chura, the
1524
01:07:42,400 --> 01:07:46,400
Nazis demanded that the remaining
1525
01:07:44,000 --> 01:07:51,240
resistance fighters surrender. You will
1526
01:07:46,400 --> 01:07:51,240
be treated humanely as prisoners of war.
1527
01:07:52,640 --> 01:07:57,920
>> We will never surrender.
1528
01:07:54,559 --> 01:08:00,720
>> But Gabchic and the others opened fire
1529
01:07:57,920 --> 01:08:02,559
and their reply was simple. We will
1530
01:08:00,720 --> 01:08:05,440
never surrender.
1531
01:08:02,559 --> 01:08:07,280
The Germans poured in tear gas, fired
1532
01:08:05,440 --> 01:08:09,680
through the floor, and even tried
1533
01:08:07,280 --> 01:08:12,480
flooding the chamber, but the men below
1534
01:08:09,680 --> 01:08:14,480
fought back relentlessly. They were not
1535
01:08:12,480 --> 01:08:17,359
seeking escape. They were holding their
1536
01:08:14,480 --> 01:08:19,759
ground. For hours they returned fire,
1537
01:08:17,359 --> 01:08:22,080
refusing to surrender.
1538
01:08:19,759 --> 01:08:24,319
When their ammunition was nearly gone,
1539
01:08:22,080 --> 01:08:26,000
each man saved a final bullet for
1540
01:08:24,319 --> 01:08:28,560
himself.
1541
01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:30,080
Gabchic and the men made their final
1542
01:08:28,560 --> 01:08:32,560
choice.
1543
01:08:30,080 --> 01:08:35,520
One by one, they turned their pistols on
1544
01:08:32,560 --> 01:08:37,759
themselves, not in defeat, but to deny
1545
01:08:35,520 --> 01:08:40,719
the Nazis the triumph of taking them
1546
01:08:37,759 --> 01:08:43,520
alive. When the Germans finally smashed
1547
01:08:40,719 --> 01:08:45,279
into the crypt, all they found were the
1548
01:08:43,520 --> 01:08:47,359
lifeless bodies of the men who had
1549
01:08:45,279 --> 01:08:49,759
assassinated Reinhardt Hydrich.
1550
01:08:47,359 --> 01:08:52,640
Meanwhile, on the other hand, Chura had
1551
01:08:49,759 --> 01:08:55,440
received his reward. Had Chura not
1552
01:08:52,640 --> 01:08:57,600
betrayed the cause. Perhaps after the
1553
01:08:55,440 --> 01:08:59,679
war, these men would have been telling
1554
01:08:57,600 --> 01:09:03,279
the story of Heddrich's assassination in
1555
01:08:59,679 --> 01:09:05,759
their own words. Imagine Gabchic himself
1556
01:09:03,279 --> 01:09:08,080
recounting the moment when his Stan gun
1557
01:09:05,759 --> 01:09:10,880
jammed right in front of Hydrickch and
1558
01:09:08,080 --> 01:09:14,159
what went through his mind in that split
1559
01:09:10,880 --> 01:09:16,960
second. Surrounded, outnumbered, and
1560
01:09:14,159 --> 01:09:19,520
wounded, they fought to the last breath.
1561
01:09:16,960 --> 01:09:22,719
Not for medals, not for fame, but for
1562
01:09:19,520 --> 01:09:24,880
the dream of a free homeland. Today,
1563
01:09:22,719 --> 01:09:27,199
their story stands as a reminder that
1564
01:09:24,880 --> 01:09:29,679
even the mightiest tyrant can be brought
1565
01:09:27,199 --> 01:09:32,080
low by the courage of the few. My name
1566
01:09:29,679 --> 01:09:34,239
is Roger and this film was my humble
1567
01:09:32,080 --> 01:09:38,279
tribute to the men who laid down their
1568
01:09:34,239 --> 01:09:38,279
lives for their motherland.113364
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