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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:07,200 Adolf Hitler once called him the iron 2 00:00:03,040 --> 00:00:08,800 heart of the Reich. Cold, brilliant, 3 00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:11,440 merciless. 4 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:13,040 Reinhard Hydrich was feared not only by 5 00:00:11,440 --> 00:00:15,280 his enemies, but even by his fellow 6 00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:17,840 Nazis. As the architect of the final 7 00:00:15,280 --> 00:00:20,960 solution, his power stretched across a 8 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:23,920 continent. But in the spring of 1942, on 9 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:26,720 a quiet street in Prague, a handful of 10 00:00:23,920 --> 00:00:30,400 resistance fighters dared the impossible 11 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:33,040 to strike at the very heart of Nazi 12 00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:35,360 terror. What followed was an 13 00:00:33,040 --> 00:00:37,760 assassination that shook the Third Reich 14 00:00:35,360 --> 00:00:40,800 to its core and triggered one of the 15 00:00:37,760 --> 00:00:43,920 most brutal reprisals of the war. This 16 00:00:40,800 --> 00:00:46,719 is the story of Reinhard Hydrich. His 17 00:00:43,920 --> 00:00:48,960 rise, his reign of terror and his 18 00:00:46,719 --> 00:00:52,160 violent end. 19 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:55,440 Reinhardt Tristan Oen Hydrich was born 20 00:00:52,160 --> 00:00:58,160 on March 7th, 1904 in the town of Hala, 21 00:00:55,440 --> 00:01:01,120 situated along the river Sale. He was 22 00:00:58,160 --> 00:01:03,680 not born into poverty or obscurity, nor 23 00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:05,920 ironically into the military class. His 24 00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:09,360 family were musicians. His father, 25 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:11,520 Richard Bruno Hydrich, was a composer, a 26 00:01:09,360 --> 00:01:13,040 professional opera singer, and a music 27 00:01:11,520 --> 00:01:16,400 educator. 28 00:01:13,040 --> 00:01:18,720 Bruno Hydrich was born into poverty. His 29 00:01:16,400 --> 00:01:21,119 father died when he was very young, and 30 00:01:18,720 --> 00:01:24,640 his mother, a washerw woman, raised six 31 00:01:21,119 --> 00:01:27,200 children alone. But Bruno was gifted 32 00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:29,680 musically, intellectually, and in 33 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:32,320 ambition. Through sheer discipline, he 34 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:34,640 became a singer and composer. After 35 00:01:32,320 --> 00:01:37,119 performing across Europe, he returned to 36 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:40,799 Hala and founded the Hala Conservatory 37 00:01:37,119 --> 00:01:44,400 for Music and Theater in 1901. 38 00:01:40,799 --> 00:01:48,560 Within three years, it grew from 20 to 39 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:50,799 190 students. 11 teachers, assistants, 40 00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:52,720 and even a secretary joined the staff. 41 00:01:50,799 --> 00:01:55,280 His family living in the grandhouse 42 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:57,680 above the conservatory. In this rare 43 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:59,920 photo, you can see Reinhard, his 44 00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:02,240 brother, his sister, and his mother 45 00:01:59,920 --> 00:02:04,640 Elizabeth. Reinhard Hydrickch's mother, 46 00:02:02,240 --> 00:02:06,880 Elizabeth, was a devout Catholic and 47 00:02:04,640 --> 00:02:09,440 piano teacher. Elizabeth played a 48 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:12,160 decisive role in shaping her children's 49 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:13,680 outlook and was particularly strict with 50 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:16,560 Reinhardt. 51 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:19,520 From the start, he was taught to move, 52 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:21,599 speak, and present himself as a model of 53 00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:24,000 national and moral discipline. He played 54 00:02:21,599 --> 00:02:25,760 the violin with exceptional skill, 55 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:28,239 eventually reaching a concert level 56 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:30,959 proficiency that astonished those who 57 00:02:28,239 --> 00:02:32,800 heard him. Young Reinhardt clearly 58 00:02:30,959 --> 00:02:34,800 benefited from the musical talents of 59 00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:37,440 his parents. Reinhardt's father 60 00:02:34,800 --> 00:02:40,800 supported his early interest in music. 61 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:43,519 And in 1910, when Reinhard was just 6 62 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:46,160 years old, Bruno took him to a major 63 00:02:43,519 --> 00:02:48,000 musical event at the Hala City Theater, 64 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:51,519 a performance of the Ring of the 65 00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:54,560 Nebulong, the classic music drama of 66 00:02:51,519 --> 00:02:56,720 Richard Vagnner. This experience ignited 67 00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:59,840 a lifelong love for romantic music in 68 00:02:56,720 --> 00:03:02,480 Reinhard, especially the mythic world 69 00:02:59,840 --> 00:03:04,800 portrayed in Vagnner's operas, a deep 70 00:03:02,480 --> 00:03:07,280 passion he would later share with Adolf 71 00:03:04,800 --> 00:03:09,680 Hitler. Reinhard grew up under a regime 72 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:12,800 of strict rules and exacting 73 00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:15,280 expectations. He was a gifted child, 74 00:03:12,800 --> 00:03:17,440 particularly in music and academics. He 75 00:03:15,280 --> 00:03:20,480 played the violin with near professional 76 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:23,120 skill and spoke in formal high register 77 00:03:20,480 --> 00:03:25,280 German even as a boy. His parents pushed 78 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:28,480 him hard, but not out of cruelty, but 79 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:31,840 ambition. Despite his later fixation on 80 00:03:28,480 --> 00:03:35,680 physical fitness, Reinhard Hydrich was a 81 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:38,720 physically weak and sickly child. He was 82 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:41,040 small, slender, and often ill, which led 83 00:03:38,720 --> 00:03:43,120 his parents to actively encourage him to 84 00:03:41,040 --> 00:03:45,280 take up all kinds of physical activities 85 00:03:43,120 --> 00:03:47,440 from an early age, such as swimming, 86 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:50,959 running, football, sailing, horseback 87 00:03:47,440 --> 00:03:53,360 riding, and fencing. These efforts laid 88 00:03:50,959 --> 00:03:56,400 the foundation for his lifelong 89 00:03:53,360 --> 00:03:58,080 enthusiasm for sports. 90 00:03:56,400 --> 00:04:00,640 The family typically spent their summer 91 00:03:58,080 --> 00:04:03,280 holidays along the scenic Baltic coast 92 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:06,400 in the upscale seaside resort town of 93 00:04:03,280 --> 00:04:09,280 Shwina Munda on Usodom Island. For the 94 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:11,120 Hydrich children, these vacations were a 95 00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:13,920 highlight of the year filled with 96 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:16,720 sightseeing, nature walks, boat rides, 97 00:04:13,920 --> 00:04:19,199 and long joyful days at the beach. 98 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:22,000 Hydrickch had good relations with his 99 00:04:19,199 --> 00:04:25,919 family, but not with his classmates. He 100 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:28,960 was physically thin, blonde, pale, and 101 00:04:25,919 --> 00:04:30,479 often bullied. Hydrick's classmates used 102 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:33,040 to tease him because they found him 103 00:04:30,479 --> 00:04:35,199 effeminate. They used to bully him 104 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:38,800 relentlessly because of his high-pitched 105 00:04:35,199 --> 00:04:42,440 voice, which is why he was nicknamed Z, 106 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:42,440 meaning the goat. 107 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:06,000 This nickname humiliated him. But he 108 00:05:02,320 --> 00:05:08,560 didn't break. He hardened. He withdrew, 109 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:10,960 focused inward, mastered his music and 110 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:13,360 studies. Even in childhood, he showed 111 00:05:10,960 --> 00:05:15,680 signs of cold intelligence and a need 112 00:05:13,360 --> 00:05:18,479 for control. Reinhard Hydrickch's 113 00:05:15,680 --> 00:05:20,560 academic performance was above average 114 00:05:18,479 --> 00:05:23,600 with particularly outstanding results in 115 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:26,240 science subjects. As a teenager, he 116 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:28,880 aspired to become a chemist. At the same 117 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:31,759 time, he developed a deep fascination 118 00:05:28,880 --> 00:05:34,880 with crime fiction and spy novels, many 119 00:05:31,759 --> 00:05:37,039 of which were serialized in newspapers. 120 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:39,360 British and American detective stories 121 00:05:37,039 --> 00:05:41,919 from Sherlock Holmes to Nick Carter and 122 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:43,759 Nat Pinkerton were wildly popular in 123 00:05:41,919 --> 00:05:46,240 Germany and captured Heddrich's 124 00:05:43,759 --> 00:05:48,800 imagination. It was this very addiction 125 00:05:46,240 --> 00:05:50,400 to spy novels that would later go on to 126 00:05:48,800 --> 00:05:54,080 completely alter the course of 127 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:55,440 Hydrickch's life. In the summer of 1914, 128 00:05:54,080 --> 00:05:57,199 while the Hydrickch family was 129 00:05:55,440 --> 00:06:00,240 vacationing on the Baltic coast as 130 00:05:57,199 --> 00:06:05,320 usual, their stable and orderly life was 131 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:05,320 suddenly disrupted by a major event. 132 00:06:09,680 --> 00:06:15,520 On June 28th, the assassination of 133 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:17,039 Austrian heir France Ferdinand in Sievo 134 00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:19,680 triggered a crisis that would soon 135 00:06:17,039 --> 00:06:22,240 escalate into the First World War. For 136 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:24,639 young Reinhard Hydri, who was just 10 at 137 00:06:22,240 --> 00:06:26,479 the time, the full significance of what 138 00:06:24,639 --> 00:06:29,600 was happening around him was hard to 139 00:06:26,479 --> 00:06:32,639 grasp. He belonged to the war youth 140 00:06:29,600 --> 00:06:35,199 generation, too young to fight, but old 141 00:06:32,639 --> 00:06:37,520 enough to understand that this war was a 142 00:06:35,199 --> 00:06:39,680 defining moment both for his country and 143 00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:41,840 for himself. Even though no one in his 144 00:06:39,680 --> 00:06:45,039 immediate family went off to battle, the 145 00:06:41,840 --> 00:06:48,319 war was everpresent. Newspapers and 146 00:06:45,039 --> 00:06:50,800 posters glorified military successes. 147 00:06:48,319 --> 00:06:53,199 Classrooms displayed photos of famous 148 00:06:50,800 --> 00:06:54,639 generals and decorated alumni, and 149 00:06:53,199 --> 00:06:57,680 teachers regularly announced new 150 00:06:54,639 --> 00:06:59,759 victories during assemblies. Over time, 151 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:02,800 older students at his school began 152 00:06:59,759 --> 00:07:05,919 disappearing to the front lines. By June 153 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:07,759 1915, around 80% of the seniormost boys 154 00:07:05,919 --> 00:07:10,000 had volunteered for the army, while 155 00:07:07,759 --> 00:07:12,319 younger ones like Reinhard waited 156 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:15,199 eagerly for their chance to follow. For 157 00:07:12,319 --> 00:07:17,840 boys his age, the war likely felt like a 158 00:07:15,199 --> 00:07:20,400 thrilling faroff adventure. They 159 00:07:17,840 --> 00:07:23,199 believed Germany would surely win, a 160 00:07:20,400 --> 00:07:25,120 belief further fueled by the wildly 161 00:07:23,199 --> 00:07:27,520 popular war story magazines aimed at 162 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:30,160 teens. But the enthusiasm of the German 163 00:07:27,520 --> 00:07:32,800 people quickly vanished after the 164 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:36,639 shocking realization that Germany had 165 00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:39,120 lost the war. Up until the fall of 1918, 166 00:07:36,639 --> 00:07:42,479 German propaganda had assured the public 167 00:07:39,120 --> 00:07:45,199 that victory was near. The Treaty of 168 00:07:42,479 --> 00:07:47,759 Breast Letosk signed earlier that spring 169 00:07:45,199 --> 00:07:50,080 to seal Germany's triumph over Russia 170 00:07:47,759 --> 00:07:52,400 only strengthened the belief that 171 00:07:50,080 --> 00:07:55,039 defeating Britain and France was just a 172 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:58,479 matter of time. So when the armistice 173 00:07:55,039 --> 00:08:00,800 was suddenly signed in November 1918, it 174 00:07:58,479 --> 00:08:03,360 came as a devastating and unexpected 175 00:08:00,800 --> 00:08:05,680 blow, shattering the hopes of countless 176 00:08:03,360 --> 00:08:07,599 Germans. The abruptness of the Allied 177 00:08:05,680 --> 00:08:09,919 victory just months after Germany's 178 00:08:07,599 --> 00:08:12,479 initially successful spring offensive 179 00:08:09,919 --> 00:08:14,160 left many in disbelief. It seemed 180 00:08:12,479 --> 00:08:16,879 impossible to accept that the German 181 00:08:14,160 --> 00:08:19,120 military had truly been defeated. This 182 00:08:16,879 --> 00:08:21,520 disbelief gave rise to a powerful and 183 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:23,680 dangerous myth, the infamous stab in the 184 00:08:21,520 --> 00:08:25,440 back legend, which claimed that 185 00:08:23,680 --> 00:08:27,840 Germany's undefeated army had been 186 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:31,120 betrayed by disloyal revolutionaries 187 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:34,399 back home. Germany had lost over 2 188 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:36,719 million men in action and more than 4.1 189 00:08:34,399 --> 00:08:39,599 million soldiers were wounded out of an 190 00:08:36,719 --> 00:08:41,680 overall population of 65 million. The 191 00:08:39,599 --> 00:08:44,640 country had spent the equivalent of some 192 00:08:41,680 --> 00:08:46,959 $40 billion on the war, most of which it 193 00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:50,240 had borrowed from its citizens. In the 194 00:08:46,959 --> 00:08:52,959 treaty of Versailles, Germany lost 13% 195 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:56,080 of its territory and was required to pay 196 00:08:52,959 --> 00:08:59,279 $33 billion as a war indemnity to the 197 00:08:56,080 --> 00:09:01,920 victors. After the war, all of Germany 198 00:08:59,279 --> 00:09:03,920 plunged into instability. Across the 199 00:09:01,920 --> 00:09:06,160 country, communist and right-wing 200 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:08,880 paramilitary groups were violently 201 00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:10,560 clashing with each other. And soon these 202 00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:13,519 violent confrontations reached 203 00:09:10,560 --> 00:09:15,600 Hydrickch's hometown of Halle as well. 204 00:09:13,519 --> 00:09:17,920 The Hydrickch family's musical business 205 00:09:15,600 --> 00:09:21,360 also collapsed leading to significant 206 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:24,480 financial losses. Reinhard now a 207 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:26,720 teenager watched this unfold. And though 208 00:09:24,480 --> 00:09:28,959 he did not yet join any movement, his 209 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:31,760 hatred of disorder and longing for 210 00:09:28,959 --> 00:09:33,440 hierarchy took root. As a result, 211 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:35,680 Hydrickch was now about to choose a 212 00:09:33,440 --> 00:09:39,279 career path that his family could never 213 00:09:35,680 --> 00:09:42,000 have even imagined. 214 00:09:39,279 --> 00:09:44,240 In the late spring of 1922, after 215 00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:46,800 earning top marks in his final school 216 00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:49,600 exams, Reinhardt decided to pursue a 217 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:51,600 career as a naval officer. The Hydrris 218 00:09:49,600 --> 00:09:54,320 had mixed feelings about Reinhardt's 219 00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:56,640 career decision. His mother felt proud 220 00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:58,800 of his ambition to join the Navy, but 221 00:09:56,640 --> 00:10:00,959 his father was disappointed that his 222 00:09:58,800 --> 00:10:03,600 musically gifted son wouldn't be 223 00:10:00,959 --> 00:10:06,959 continuing the family's musical legacy. 224 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:10,240 Still, Reinhard stood firm, and on April 225 00:10:06,959 --> 00:10:12,399 1st, 1922, he officially began his 226 00:10:10,240 --> 00:10:14,160 journey as a naval cadet in Keel 227 00:10:12,399 --> 00:10:17,680 together with dozens of other cadets of 228 00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:20,079 crew 22. Hydrrich remained an isolated 229 00:10:17,680 --> 00:10:22,640 loner throughout his time in Keel and 230 00:10:20,079 --> 00:10:24,320 had no friends among the crew. While it 231 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:26,399 is true that Hydrich found it difficult 232 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:28,800 to adjust to the new environment, the 233 00:10:26,399 --> 00:10:31,200 reasons for his outsider status remain 234 00:10:28,800 --> 00:10:33,519 unclear. One of his crew colleagues 235 00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:35,680 remembered after the Second World War, 236 00:10:33,519 --> 00:10:38,079 "Hydrick's appearance was of remarkable 237 00:10:35,680 --> 00:10:41,040 disharmony." His limbs somehow did not 238 00:10:38,079 --> 00:10:43,920 fit together. A long, narrow, and much 239 00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:46,720 too small head sat on a long neck with 240 00:10:43,920 --> 00:10:48,720 short blonde hair, a long nose, 241 00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:51,519 mistrustful, squinting eyes that stood 242 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:53,360 very close together, and a small mouth 243 00:10:51,519 --> 00:10:56,240 whose gaping lips he usually pinched 244 00:10:53,360 --> 00:10:59,279 together, a long upper body with almost 245 00:10:56,240 --> 00:11:01,839 ape-like arms sat over a deep, broad 246 00:10:59,279 --> 00:11:04,800 pelvis, a husky build with rounded, 247 00:11:01,839 --> 00:11:07,760 unmuscular legs. He appeared gangly, 248 00:11:04,800 --> 00:11:10,079 somewhat soft, and affeminite. Hydrich 249 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:12,000 was probably seen as an outsider partly 250 00:11:10,079 --> 00:11:13,519 because of his refined middle-class 251 00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:15,680 upbringing. 252 00:11:13,519 --> 00:11:19,120 While most naval cadets embraced the 253 00:11:15,680 --> 00:11:21,760 tough and masculine culture of the Navy, 254 00:11:19,120 --> 00:11:24,880 Hydrich would quietly play his violin 255 00:11:21,760 --> 00:11:28,240 during his free time. This habit made 256 00:11:24,880 --> 00:11:30,079 him stand out and not in a good way. His 257 00:11:28,240 --> 00:11:32,320 love for music often became a reason for 258 00:11:30,079 --> 00:11:34,959 others to mock him. But slowly, 259 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:37,279 Hydrickch's position began to improve. 260 00:11:34,959 --> 00:11:39,920 He became a dedicated sailor, eventually 261 00:11:37,279 --> 00:11:42,800 winning both the Baltic Sea and North 262 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:45,360 Sea championships. Alongside being an 263 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:48,880 exceptional seaman, he also grew into a 264 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:51,760 skilled sports person. Now Hydrich was 265 00:11:48,880 --> 00:11:53,760 promoted to second naval lieutenant. 266 00:11:51,760 --> 00:11:55,440 After his promotion, he appears to have 267 00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:57,120 gained more recognition from his 268 00:11:55,440 --> 00:11:59,360 colleagues and was no longer mocked as 269 00:11:57,120 --> 00:12:02,079 often. His superiors frequently gave him 270 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:04,800 recognition and good evaluations. With 271 00:12:02,079 --> 00:12:07,600 every sign of recognition, his zeal 272 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:09,600 increased, and so did his arrogance. 273 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:11,920 Ambition was undoubtedly Heddrich's 274 00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:13,680 strongest characteristic. He wanted to 275 00:12:11,920 --> 00:12:16,079 accomplish something, and others were 276 00:12:13,680 --> 00:12:18,480 supposed to be amazed. Now he was 277 00:12:16,079 --> 00:12:20,560 dreaming to become naval chief or 278 00:12:18,480 --> 00:12:22,079 admiral. Although his relationship with 279 00:12:20,560 --> 00:12:24,399 the other young officers improved 280 00:12:22,079 --> 00:12:27,120 significantly, Hydrickch started showing 281 00:12:24,399 --> 00:12:29,839 a clear sense of arrogance towards his 282 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:33,600 subordinates, a trait that would grow 283 00:12:29,839 --> 00:12:37,200 even more prominent in the 1930s. On 1st 284 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:39,440 July 1928, Hydrich was promoted to first 285 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:42,079 left tenant. He now had significantly 286 00:12:39,440 --> 00:12:44,720 more free time, which he largely devoted 287 00:12:42,079 --> 00:12:47,120 to sport, music, and a third area of 288 00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,800 interest, women. 289 00:12:47,120 --> 00:12:50,720 He repeatedly sought the company of 290 00:12:48,800 --> 00:12:53,519 women whom he could impress with his 291 00:12:50,720 --> 00:12:56,399 officer's uniform, his good manners, and 292 00:12:53,519 --> 00:12:58,639 his musical talents. His efforts were 293 00:12:56,399 --> 00:13:00,639 not without success. As one of his 294 00:12:58,639 --> 00:13:02,399 fellow officers recalled after the war, 295 00:13:00,639 --> 00:13:06,000 he left an impression more than once, 296 00:13:02,399 --> 00:13:09,360 particularly on older ladies. 297 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:11,920 On the 6th of December 1930, at a naval 298 00:13:09,360 --> 00:13:14,560 ball, Hydrich met a woman who would 299 00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:17,920 completely alter the course of his life. 300 00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:19,920 Her name was Lena Fon Austin. The moment 301 00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:22,639 Hydrich laid eyes on this cute 302 00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:25,519 19-year-old blonde, he was instantly 303 00:13:22,639 --> 00:13:27,519 smitten. Lena also liked Heddrich from 304 00:13:25,519 --> 00:13:29,120 the very first meeting. Although his 305 00:13:27,519 --> 00:13:31,760 skull looked like it had been assembled 306 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:34,880 with leftover parts, he was 6'3, 307 00:13:31,760 --> 00:13:37,279 athletic, and an officer in the Navy. 308 00:13:34,880 --> 00:13:39,920 Basically, he was a walking Tinder 309 00:13:37,279 --> 00:13:42,079 profile. Lena described Hydrickch as 310 00:13:39,920 --> 00:13:44,800 tall, manly, and very self- assured in 311 00:13:42,079 --> 00:13:47,519 his uniform. In today's Tik Tok era, 312 00:13:44,800 --> 00:13:49,600 where girls scroll past one handsome guy 313 00:13:47,519 --> 00:13:52,079 after another and their standards have 314 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:54,959 shot through the roof, calling Hydrich a 315 00:13:52,079 --> 00:13:57,680 weird skull kind of makes sense. But 316 00:13:54,959 --> 00:14:01,760 back in those days, Hydrich was the full 317 00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:04,000 package, tall, athletic, and in uniform. 318 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:07,519 Basically, a walking green flag with a 319 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:10,880 slightly dented head. Heddrich proposed 320 00:14:07,519 --> 00:14:14,079 to Lena, and she said yes. After that, 321 00:14:10,880 --> 00:14:17,120 he started writing her love letters. My 322 00:14:14,079 --> 00:14:20,399 dearest Lena, in the midst of the hustle 323 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:22,959 and bustle of work and in a great hurry 324 00:14:20,399 --> 00:14:26,480 before my departure, I wanted you to 325 00:14:22,959 --> 00:14:30,399 know that all my thoughts are with you. 326 00:14:26,480 --> 00:14:32,959 And I realize now how much I love you. 327 00:14:30,399 --> 00:14:36,000 That is why I am looking forward all the 328 00:14:32,959 --> 00:14:40,160 more to the life that lies ahead of us. 329 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:43,120 With you, I could endure every sorrow. 330 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:46,480 Much love, your Reinhardt. 331 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:48,320 Lena was just 19 years old, so of course 332 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:51,199 she couldn't marry a guy with a weird-l 333 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:54,079 looking skull just like that. Heddrich 334 00:14:51,199 --> 00:14:56,560 had to get her parents' approval first. 335 00:14:54,079 --> 00:14:59,040 Hadrich went to Lena's house to convince 336 00:14:56,560 --> 00:15:01,600 her parents. Her parents could find no 337 00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:04,240 fault with Heddrich. A smart and 338 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:07,600 ambitious naval officer with a seemingly 339 00:15:04,240 --> 00:15:09,760 secure pension and an apparently bright 340 00:15:07,600 --> 00:15:12,240 career ahead of him was more than the 341 00:15:09,760 --> 00:15:14,639 Austin might have expected. It suited 342 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:18,000 their image of a prospective son-in-law. 343 00:15:14,639 --> 00:15:20,240 So they said yes without any hesitation. 344 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:22,079 The two officially got engaged. Now 345 00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:25,760 Heddrich started writing letters not 346 00:15:22,079 --> 00:15:28,480 just to Lena but to her parents as well. 347 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:31,279 Dear parents-in-law, back in service and 348 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:34,399 hard at work, I would like to thank you 349 00:15:31,279 --> 00:15:37,600 once more with all my heart for having 350 00:15:34,399 --> 00:15:40,639 received me so kindly and like a son in 351 00:15:37,600 --> 00:15:43,839 your house. I will never forget my first 352 00:15:40,639 --> 00:15:46,240 days in Lena's childhood home. I am so 353 00:15:43,839 --> 00:15:49,440 grateful to you for your consent to our 354 00:15:46,240 --> 00:15:52,160 engagement. I realize more and more 355 00:15:49,440 --> 00:15:54,880 every day that it was the right thing to 356 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:57,600 do. Lena does not have to resort to 357 00:15:54,880 --> 00:16:00,079 secrecy in Keel and we can be together 358 00:15:57,600 --> 00:16:02,160 often and get to know each other better 359 00:16:00,079 --> 00:16:04,639 and better without having to pay 360 00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:07,199 attention to the gossip of others. 361 00:16:04,639 --> 00:16:09,920 Regarding our wedding date, please 362 00:16:07,199 --> 00:16:13,199 please allow us to marry in September. 363 00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:16,240 There is nothing worse than uncertainty. 364 00:16:13,199 --> 00:16:19,120 I would be very very grateful to you if 365 00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:22,240 you could agree on September. My parents 366 00:16:19,120 --> 00:16:26,000 too will be available then. Accept my 367 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:27,839 sincere thanks. You're Reinhardt. 368 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,560 Lena thought she'd bagged herself a 369 00:16:27,839 --> 00:16:33,279 tall, athletic Navy officer with dreamy 370 00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:36,399 love letters and a violin on the side. 371 00:16:33,279 --> 00:16:38,240 What could possibly go wrong? Well, 372 00:16:36,399 --> 00:16:41,199 everything. 373 00:16:38,240 --> 00:16:43,120 Turns out Reinhard had more exes than a 374 00:16:41,199 --> 00:16:44,880 Game of Thrones character, and one of 375 00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:47,279 them wasn't ready to stay buried in the 376 00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:50,639 past. Just as he was busy writing 377 00:16:47,279 --> 00:16:53,519 Forever Yours to Lena, a ghost from his 378 00:16:50,639 --> 00:16:56,639 romantic graveyard rose up and she 379 00:16:53,519 --> 00:16:58,480 wasn't sending best wishes. 380 00:16:56,639 --> 00:17:00,160 Heddrich had the announcement of his and 381 00:16:58,480 --> 00:17:03,519 Lena's engagement published in the 382 00:17:00,160 --> 00:17:06,240 newspaper. Back in the early 1900s and 383 00:17:03,519 --> 00:17:08,720 even midentth century, it was quite 384 00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:10,959 common, especially among middle or upper 385 00:17:08,720 --> 00:17:12,640 class families in Europe and America, to 386 00:17:10,959 --> 00:17:14,880 publish engagement announcements in 387 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:16,959 local or national newspapers. It was a 388 00:17:14,880 --> 00:17:19,839 way to publicly declare the engagement, 389 00:17:16,959 --> 00:17:22,240 also a status symbol. If it had happened 390 00:17:19,839 --> 00:17:25,039 today, Reinhardt might have simply 391 00:17:22,240 --> 00:17:27,839 uploaded a polished photo to Instagram, 392 00:17:25,039 --> 00:17:30,240 captioned it, "Engaged," and tagged 393 00:17:27,839 --> 00:17:32,320 Lena. Heddrich had officially gotten 394 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,840 engaged to Lena, and even sent out a 395 00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:36,400 newspaper announcement to his friends 396 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:39,039 and acquaintances. But one of the people 397 00:17:36,400 --> 00:17:41,120 who received it was a young woman from 398 00:17:39,039 --> 00:17:43,039 Berlin, someone Heddrich had met at a 399 00:17:41,120 --> 00:17:45,760 ball more than 6 months earlier. They 400 00:17:43,039 --> 00:17:48,400 had grown very close and even shared a 401 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:51,200 physical relationship. They visited each 402 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:53,120 other in Berlin and Keel and the woman 403 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:55,679 believed that she was engaged to 404 00:17:53,120 --> 00:17:58,080 Hydrich. But when she saw the engagement 405 00:17:55,679 --> 00:18:01,440 notice in the newspaper with someone 406 00:17:58,080 --> 00:18:04,080 else's name on it, her world came 407 00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:06,559 crashing down. Devastated and 408 00:18:04,080 --> 00:18:08,720 humiliated, the poor woman suffered a 409 00:18:06,559 --> 00:18:10,960 nervous breakdown. 410 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:14,480 We don't know her name, but we do know 411 00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:16,880 one important detail. Her father had 412 00:18:14,480 --> 00:18:19,600 strong connections with senior officers 413 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:21,440 in the Navy. When he found out what had 414 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:23,760 happened, he used those connections to 415 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:26,320 file a complaint against Hydrich. And 416 00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:29,120 just like that, Hydrickch was about to 417 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:31,039 land in serious trouble. Because of this 418 00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:32,880 complaint, Hydrickch was tried in a 419 00:18:31,039 --> 00:18:34,960 military court and was kicked out of the 420 00:18:32,880 --> 00:18:37,440 Navy. 421 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:39,520 Breaking off an engagement was clearly a 422 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:42,160 violation of the officer cause code of 423 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:43,679 conduct, but it wasn't a serious enough 424 00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:46,000 offense to get someone kicked out 425 00:18:43,679 --> 00:18:47,840 automatically. The whole embarrassing 426 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:49,679 incident could have easily been 427 00:18:47,840 --> 00:18:52,080 dismissed as little more than a personal 428 00:18:49,679 --> 00:18:54,559 misunderstanding or perhaps just some 429 00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:57,039 girl's tail. However, Hydrickch's 430 00:18:54,559 --> 00:18:59,120 arrogant attitude pushed things too far 431 00:18:57,039 --> 00:19:01,280 and ultimately got him into real 432 00:18:59,120 --> 00:19:03,039 trouble. Rather than owning up to his 433 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:05,919 actions and accepting a minor 434 00:19:03,039 --> 00:19:08,000 punishment, Hydrich chose to shift the 435 00:19:05,919 --> 00:19:09,440 blame. He claimed it was the woman who 436 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:12,240 had initiated their physical 437 00:19:09,440 --> 00:19:14,480 relationship and flatly denied ever 438 00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:16,880 making any promise of marriage. His 439 00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:19,200 dismissive attitude toward their affair, 440 00:19:16,880 --> 00:19:21,280 and the way he trivialized it only 441 00:19:19,200 --> 00:19:23,600 served to irritate the court officials 442 00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:25,520 further. Heddrich wasn't dismissed 443 00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:28,720 because of the affair itself, but 444 00:19:25,520 --> 00:19:30,720 because of how he behaved in court. He 445 00:19:28,720 --> 00:19:33,520 didn't have the courage to admit the 446 00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:35,200 truth, take the blame, or defend the 447 00:19:33,520 --> 00:19:39,120 woman. And that's what got him kicked 448 00:19:35,200 --> 00:19:42,799 out, not the actual offense itself. 449 00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:45,200 On 30 April 1931, Hydrickch's promising 450 00:19:42,799 --> 00:19:48,000 naval career came to an abrupt and 451 00:19:45,200 --> 00:19:50,320 unexpected end. Initially, Heddrich 452 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:52,400 hoped he might be reinstated, but his 453 00:19:50,320 --> 00:19:56,480 official appeal to Reich President Paul 454 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:59,039 Fonhindenberg was rejected. 455 00:19:56,480 --> 00:20:02,799 Hydrickch was suddenly confronted by the 456 00:19:59,039 --> 00:20:05,840 grim reality of being unemployed in 1931 457 00:20:02,799 --> 00:20:08,559 in the midst of the Great Depression. 458 00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:11,840 His future looked gloomy. He locked 459 00:20:08,559 --> 00:20:14,799 himself in his room and cried for days 460 00:20:11,840 --> 00:20:16,000 in rage and self-pity. Lena remembered 461 00:20:14,799 --> 00:20:18,160 after the war, 462 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:21,600 >> getting kicked out from the Navy was the 463 00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:24,799 heaviest blow of his life. It wasn't 464 00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:27,280 about losing his salary. It was the pain 465 00:20:24,799 --> 00:20:31,200 of losing the career he had completely 466 00:20:27,280 --> 00:20:32,799 dedicated himself to. 467 00:20:31,200 --> 00:20:35,840 >> But even after everything that had 468 00:20:32,799 --> 00:20:39,440 happened, Lena did not leave Hydrickch's 469 00:20:35,840 --> 00:20:41,600 side. In her heart, she had made a vow. 470 00:20:39,440 --> 00:20:45,200 If she were ever to marry, it would be 471 00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:48,960 Reinhard Hydrich and no one else. Behind 472 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:50,960 every successful man, there is a woman. 473 00:20:48,960 --> 00:20:54,080 In Hydrickch's case, it was going to be 474 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:56,559 behind every successful evil man, there 475 00:20:54,080 --> 00:20:59,360 is an evil woman. 476 00:20:56,559 --> 00:21:02,320 Lena was a staunch anti-semite and a 477 00:20:59,360 --> 00:21:04,799 committed Nazi. Don't let Lena's sweet 478 00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:08,240 little face fool you. Behind that 479 00:21:04,799 --> 00:21:11,440 angelic smile was a hardcore Nazi fan 480 00:21:08,240 --> 00:21:13,679 girl. However, Heddrich lacked any 481 00:21:11,440 --> 00:21:16,240 interest in political parties. He hadn't 482 00:21:13,679 --> 00:21:18,240 even heard of Hitler's mine camp and 483 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:20,799 would often crack jokes about the Nazi 484 00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:22,400 leader, calling him just a Bohemian 485 00:21:20,799 --> 00:21:25,120 corporal. 486 00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:29,679 As for Gerbles, he mocked him, too, 487 00:21:25,120 --> 00:21:31,360 referring to him as that [ __ ] 488 00:21:29,679 --> 00:21:33,200 You might be surprised to know that even 489 00:21:31,360 --> 00:21:36,080 Hydrickch's former naval colleagues 490 00:21:33,200 --> 00:21:38,880 described him as a liberal, but Lena was 491 00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:41,520 friends with Carl von Ebstein, a 492 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:43,840 highranking officer in the Nazi party. 493 00:21:41,520 --> 00:21:46,480 Through him, she managed to arrange an 494 00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:50,480 interview between the unemployed Hydrich 495 00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:53,360 and SS Chief Hinrich Himmler. At first, 496 00:21:50,480 --> 00:21:55,520 Hydrich himself seemed unsure about 497 00:21:53,360 --> 00:21:57,280 joining the Nazis, but Lena encouraged 498 00:21:55,520 --> 00:21:59,840 him to seriously consider the 499 00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:01,760 opportunity. It was only when Aberstein 500 00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:04,080 offered him the prospect of an elevated 501 00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:06,720 position at the Nazi party headquarters 502 00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:08,400 that Hydrich finally agreed. The 503 00:22:06,720 --> 00:22:10,960 possibility of an elevated position 504 00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:13,440 existed because Himmler was planning to 505 00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:16,080 create an intelligence department within 506 00:22:13,440 --> 00:22:19,039 the SS and he needed competent people 507 00:22:16,080 --> 00:22:22,000 for it. The previously mostly apolitical 508 00:22:19,039 --> 00:22:24,640 hydri who hadn't even read mine camp or 509 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:27,039 heard of the SS before was now about to 510 00:22:24,640 --> 00:22:29,520 step into the most radical paramilitary 511 00:22:27,039 --> 00:22:32,240 wing of Hitler's movement. He followed 512 00:22:29,520 --> 00:22:34,720 that path not out of deep ideological 513 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:37,039 conviction, but because Nazism offered 514 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:39,600 him the opportunity to return to a 515 00:22:37,039 --> 00:22:42,720 structured life in uniform, providing 516 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:44,960 along with it a sense of purpose and a 517 00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:49,039 way of regaining the confidence of Lena 518 00:22:44,960 --> 00:22:52,559 and her family of devoted Nazis. 519 00:22:49,039 --> 00:22:55,760 On the 14th of June 1931, the date of 520 00:22:52,559 --> 00:22:58,400 Hydrickch's interview finally arrived. 521 00:22:55,760 --> 00:23:00,559 Himmler unsurprisingly was immediately 522 00:22:58,400 --> 00:23:03,840 impressed the moment he first laid eyes 523 00:23:00,559 --> 00:23:08,000 on Hydrich. Hydrich had blonde hair, 524 00:23:03,840 --> 00:23:10,799 piercing blue eyes, stood 6' 3 in tall, 525 00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:12,480 and was physically wellb built, exactly 526 00:23:10,799 --> 00:23:15,760 the kind of man the Nazis were looking 527 00:23:12,480 --> 00:23:17,440 for to fit their Aran race propaganda. 528 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:19,360 Himmler informed Hydrickch about his 529 00:23:17,440 --> 00:23:22,159 plans to develop an intelligence service 530 00:23:19,360 --> 00:23:24,159 within the SS. To evaluate his 531 00:23:22,159 --> 00:23:26,559 potential, Himmler asked him to sketch 532 00:23:24,159 --> 00:23:29,760 out an organizational structure for this 533 00:23:26,559 --> 00:23:32,720 proposed SS intelligence agency and gave 534 00:23:29,760 --> 00:23:36,000 him just 20 minutes to do it. Heddrich 535 00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:37,679 had no prior training in espionage. But 536 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:39,520 relying on bits and pieces he'd picked 537 00:23:37,679 --> 00:23:41,600 up from reading cheap crime thrillers 538 00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:43,840 and spy novels over the years, he 539 00:23:41,600 --> 00:23:46,240 quickly put together a plan, dressing it 540 00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:48,400 up in formal military language. 541 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:50,720 Ironically, this basic understanding 542 00:23:48,400 --> 00:23:52,960 still exceeded Himmler's own knowledge. 543 00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:57,039 Impressed by Hydrickch's response, 544 00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:58,960 Himmler decided to hire him on the spot. 545 00:23:57,039 --> 00:24:01,760 The fact that Heddrich chose a role in 546 00:23:58,960 --> 00:24:04,400 the SS instead of any of the better paid 547 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:06,960 jobs that were on offer was due to a 548 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:09,360 number of factors. His desire to impress 549 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:11,360 his wife and her family with a job in 550 00:24:09,360 --> 00:24:13,440 the political movement they supported. 551 00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:15,200 The role also had a military-like 552 00:24:13,440 --> 00:24:17,760 structure which appealed to his 553 00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:20,080 background. Most of all, it offered him 554 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:22,559 an exciting role within a radical 555 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:24,880 organization that openly rejected the 556 00:24:22,559 --> 00:24:27,039 very political system he believed had 557 00:24:24,880 --> 00:24:29,600 unfairly ended his promising naval 558 00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:31,200 career. At that point in time, the SS 559 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:33,360 was still a small and relatively 560 00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:35,760 unimportant unit. It had originally been 561 00:24:33,360 --> 00:24:38,000 formed as Hitler's personal bodyguard 562 00:24:35,760 --> 00:24:41,600 following his release from Lansburg 563 00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:43,919 prison, where he had spent much of 1924 564 00:24:41,600 --> 00:24:46,720 due to his failed coup attempt in Munich 565 00:24:43,919 --> 00:24:49,279 the year before. Initially, the SS 566 00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:51,279 operated under the command of the SA and 567 00:24:49,279 --> 00:24:54,000 remained a subordinate group for several 568 00:24:51,279 --> 00:24:56,799 years. However, it soon began to view 569 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:59,600 itself as an elite formation. Hitler's 570 00:24:56,799 --> 00:25:03,919 loyal guard of honor, fiercely dedicated 571 00:24:59,600 --> 00:25:06,400 to him and the Nazi cause. Hydrich thus 572 00:25:03,919 --> 00:25:08,720 joined the SS at an important turning 573 00:25:06,400 --> 00:25:10,720 point in its history, which partly helps 574 00:25:08,720 --> 00:25:14,240 to explain the organization's appeal for 575 00:25:10,720 --> 00:25:16,080 him. The SS promised a career in uniform 576 00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:18,720 and the opportunity for rapid 577 00:25:16,080 --> 00:25:21,120 advancement within a still malleable 578 00:25:18,720 --> 00:25:23,600 body that promoted revolutionary views 579 00:25:21,120 --> 00:25:25,760 for the reordering of Germany. Even if 580 00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:28,080 the pay was modest, the new activity 581 00:25:25,760 --> 00:25:30,480 offered Hydrich, as an ardent reader of 582 00:25:28,080 --> 00:25:33,440 crime fiction, a job in an elite 583 00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:35,360 organization that boosted his shaken 584 00:25:33,440 --> 00:25:37,919 self-confidence. 585 00:25:35,360 --> 00:25:39,919 Heddrich, still new and lacking street 586 00:25:37,919 --> 00:25:42,559 credibility, had to prove himself 587 00:25:39,919 --> 00:25:44,480 through direct confrontation. He did so 588 00:25:42,559 --> 00:25:46,960 in brutal street battles against 589 00:25:44,480 --> 00:25:50,320 communists and social democrats. During 590 00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:52,799 these raids, small SS motor squads would 591 00:25:50,320 --> 00:25:55,520 storm political meetings and vanish 592 00:25:52,799 --> 00:25:57,760 before the police could react. Hydrich 593 00:25:55,520 --> 00:25:59,919 quickly gained a fearsome reputation as 594 00:25:57,760 --> 00:26:02,240 the leader of one such unit. In 595 00:25:59,919 --> 00:26:05,279 Hamburg's communist circles, he became 596 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:07,760 known as the blonde beast. a name earned 597 00:26:05,279 --> 00:26:10,640 by the ruthless efficiency and military 598 00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:13,039 precision of his commando group. Then 599 00:26:10,640 --> 00:26:15,120 after some months, Hydrich returned to 600 00:26:13,039 --> 00:26:17,279 Munich to take up his new position at 601 00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:20,000 the Nazi party headquarters, the 602 00:26:17,279 --> 00:26:21,760 infamous Brownhouse, where Himmler 603 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:23,919 officially appointed him as the head of 604 00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:28,159 the SS's newly envisioned intelligence 605 00:26:23,919 --> 00:26:30,960 division, the Zika Heights Dest or SD. 606 00:26:28,159 --> 00:26:34,000 In its earliest form, the SD had a clear 607 00:26:30,960 --> 00:26:35,840 two-fold mission. first to gather 608 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:37,440 intelligence on political opponents, 609 00:26:35,840 --> 00:26:40,400 especially the communists and the social 610 00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:42,720 democrats, but second, and far more 611 00:26:40,400 --> 00:26:45,039 sensitive, was to root out police 612 00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:47,760 informers and undercover communist 613 00:26:45,039 --> 00:26:49,440 agents, hiding within the Nazi party 614 00:26:47,760 --> 00:26:52,640 itself. 615 00:26:49,440 --> 00:26:55,360 This latter task would repeatedly land 616 00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:57,919 the SD in trouble, as it walked a fine 617 00:26:55,360 --> 00:27:00,799 line between loyalty and paranoia. Yet 618 00:26:57,919 --> 00:27:03,679 for all its future infamy, the SD's 619 00:27:00,799 --> 00:27:06,559 origins were humble. In fact, it began 620 00:27:03,679 --> 00:27:09,760 as a one-man operation. Reinhardt 621 00:27:06,559 --> 00:27:12,480 Hydrickch was the SD's sole employee, 622 00:27:09,760 --> 00:27:15,679 investigator, cler, analyst, and typist 623 00:27:12,480 --> 00:27:18,480 all-in-one. With almost no budget, he 624 00:27:15,679 --> 00:27:20,159 set up a primitive index card system to 625 00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:22,320 record the names and affiliations of 626 00:27:20,159 --> 00:27:24,080 suspected enemies of the party. He 627 00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:27,279 didn't even have his own office or 628 00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:29,200 equipment. Heddrich had to share a desk 629 00:27:27,279 --> 00:27:31,600 and even a typewriter with Richard 630 00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:34,640 Hildebrandt, chief of staff of the tiny 631 00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:36,960 SS division South. But from that cramped 632 00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:38,720 room in the Brownhouse, Hydrich began 633 00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:41,039 laying the foundation for a secret 634 00:27:38,720 --> 00:27:44,159 police apparatus that would one day 635 00:27:41,039 --> 00:27:47,360 terrorize Europe. Heddrich worked 18 636 00:27:44,159 --> 00:27:50,320 hours a day obsessively. He didn't leave 637 00:27:47,360 --> 00:27:53,120 the office. He barely slept. Every file 638 00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:56,640 was a puzzle. Every whisper a potential 639 00:27:53,120 --> 00:27:59,039 lead. In time, the SD grew. Informants 640 00:27:56,640 --> 00:28:01,840 were recruited. Files multiplied. 641 00:27:59,039 --> 00:28:04,480 Operations expanded. But in those early 642 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:07,279 days, it was Hydrickch alone, driven by 643 00:28:04,480 --> 00:28:09,919 humiliation, vengeance, and ambition. 644 00:28:07,279 --> 00:28:12,240 What started as a desk in a shared room 645 00:28:09,919 --> 00:28:14,720 soon evolved into the Nazi party's most 646 00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:18,000 feared intelligence machine. By the end 647 00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:20,480 of 1931, Heddrich had stabilized his 648 00:28:18,000 --> 00:28:22,399 career and secured his financial footing 649 00:28:20,480 --> 00:28:26,320 to such a degree that he was finally 650 00:28:22,399 --> 00:28:30,159 able to marry his longtime fiance. 651 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:32,320 On 26th December 1931, the weird skull 652 00:28:30,159 --> 00:28:34,640 and the blonde Nazi fan girl were 653 00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:38,000 officially married. To mark the happy 654 00:28:34,640 --> 00:28:40,799 occasion, Himmler promoted Hydrich to SS 655 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:43,840 Major just 7 days after his promotion to 656 00:28:40,799 --> 00:28:46,399 SS Captain. In just 15 months since 657 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:48,480 joining the SS, Hydrickch had already 658 00:28:46,399 --> 00:28:51,120 surpassed the rank he once held in the 659 00:28:48,480 --> 00:28:53,279 Navy. Even if being a naval officer 660 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:55,760 remained more prestigious than an SS 661 00:28:53,279 --> 00:28:58,480 career at this point, Hydrich must have 662 00:28:55,760 --> 00:29:02,399 felt that his life was back on track. In 663 00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:05,279 June 1932, Hydrickch's SD grew even 664 00:29:02,399 --> 00:29:07,520 stronger. As a result, Himmler promoted 665 00:29:05,279 --> 00:29:09,679 him to the rank of SS Colonel. 666 00:29:07,520 --> 00:29:12,080 Heddrich's rapid rise in the SS 667 00:29:09,679 --> 00:29:15,120 hierarchy and his scarcely disguised 668 00:29:12,080 --> 00:29:18,000 ambition earned him many enemies. By 669 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:20,640 June 1932, whispers turned to 670 00:29:18,000 --> 00:29:23,440 accusations. The old rumor about his 671 00:29:20,640 --> 00:29:26,240 supposed Jewish ancestry resurfaced with 672 00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:29,039 a vengeance. This time it posed a 673 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:31,200 serious threat. After all, Heddrich was 674 00:29:29,039 --> 00:29:33,200 now a rising star in a political 675 00:29:31,200 --> 00:29:36,080 movement that was built on staunch 676 00:29:33,200 --> 00:29:38,720 anti-semitism. The rumor originated from 677 00:29:36,080 --> 00:29:41,200 Hala, his hometown. Local Nazi party 678 00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:44,320 members, likely envious of his rapid 679 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:47,360 ascent, fanned the flames. On the 6th of 680 00:29:44,320 --> 00:29:49,840 June, the goaler of Hala, Rudolph 681 00:29:47,360 --> 00:29:52,880 Yordan, formerly wrote to the party's 682 00:29:49,840 --> 00:29:55,600 organizational chief, Gregor Strasa, 683 00:29:52,880 --> 00:29:58,159 raising a pointed concern. He mentioned 684 00:29:55,600 --> 00:30:00,640 a party member with the name of Reinhard 685 00:29:58,159 --> 00:30:02,240 Hydrich, whose father lives in Hara. 686 00:30:00,640 --> 00:30:06,000 There is reason to assume that his 687 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:08,320 father Bruno Hydrich is a Jew. Alarmed, 688 00:30:06,000 --> 00:30:10,399 Strasa handed the case to Dr. Akim 689 00:30:08,320 --> 00:30:12,159 Gerka, the Nazi party's chief 690 00:30:10,399 --> 00:30:14,399 genealogologist and head of their 691 00:30:12,159 --> 00:30:16,880 information office. Less than 2 weeks 692 00:30:14,399 --> 00:30:19,200 later, on the 22nd of June, Gerka 693 00:30:16,880 --> 00:30:22,799 responded. His report cleared Hydrich 694 00:30:19,200 --> 00:30:25,360 completely. He was of German origin and 695 00:30:22,799 --> 00:30:28,240 free from any trace of colored or Jewish 696 00:30:25,360 --> 00:30:30,799 blood. Girka dismissed the claims as 697 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:33,120 slander and took full responsibility for 698 00:30:30,799 --> 00:30:35,679 the assessment, even offering to defend 699 00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:38,080 it in court if necessary. Despite this 700 00:30:35,679 --> 00:30:40,480 clarification, Hydrrich was deeply 701 00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:42,880 shaken by the reemergence of the 702 00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:45,200 damaging rumors only a year after his 703 00:30:42,880 --> 00:30:47,200 dismissal from the Navy. Rumors that 704 00:30:45,200 --> 00:30:49,440 threatened his carefully rebuilt 705 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:51,840 professional existence. 706 00:30:49,440 --> 00:30:54,000 Partly as a result of this embarrassing 707 00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:57,200 and potentially career terminating 708 00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:59,760 episode, Hydrich devoted great energy to 709 00:30:57,200 --> 00:31:02,480 his work in the summer of 1932, his 710 00:30:59,760 --> 00:31:04,880 ambitions continued to be vast. The 711 00:31:02,480 --> 00:31:07,039 rumor that Reinhard Hydrich had Jewish 712 00:31:04,880 --> 00:31:09,520 ancestry started because of a 713 00:31:07,039 --> 00:31:11,600 misunderstanding around his family name. 714 00:31:09,520 --> 00:31:14,559 In a 1916 edition of a music 715 00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:18,720 encyclopedia, Hydrich's father, Bruno, 716 00:31:14,559 --> 00:31:21,279 was listed as Bruno Seuss. Seuss was the 717 00:31:18,720 --> 00:31:24,240 surname of Bruno's stepfather, not 718 00:31:21,279 --> 00:31:27,120 Bruno's biological father. The word 719 00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:28,880 Seuss sounded Jewish to many people, 720 00:31:27,120 --> 00:31:31,840 especially in a society obsessed with 721 00:31:28,880 --> 00:31:34,399 racial purity like Nazi Germany. But in 722 00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:36,080 reality, Seuss was not a Jewish name in 723 00:31:34,399 --> 00:31:39,519 this case, and it didn't come from a 724 00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:42,240 Jewish family. But in an anti-semitic 725 00:31:39,519 --> 00:31:45,600 environment, even this kind of mixup 726 00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:48,720 could cause serious problems. Because of 727 00:31:45,600 --> 00:31:51,279 this, many people wrongly assumed that 728 00:31:48,720 --> 00:31:53,679 Reinhardt had Jewish blood. The rumor 729 00:31:51,279 --> 00:31:55,679 had existed since his childhood, where 730 00:31:53,679 --> 00:31:58,720 some of his classmates used to mock him 731 00:31:55,679 --> 00:32:01,919 by calling him the white Jew or white 732 00:31:58,720 --> 00:32:03,840 Moses. These were meant as insults based 733 00:32:01,919 --> 00:32:07,440 on nothing more than stereotypes and 734 00:32:03,840 --> 00:32:09,600 jealousy. Anyways, in 1933, the Nazis 735 00:32:07,440 --> 00:32:11,440 seized power and almost immediately 736 00:32:09,600 --> 00:32:14,159 unleashed a wave of suppression and 737 00:32:11,440 --> 00:32:16,240 violence. But Reinhard Hydrich didn't 738 00:32:14,159 --> 00:32:19,440 play a major role in the initial street 739 00:32:16,240 --> 00:32:21,440 level terror that swept Berlin. Instead, 740 00:32:19,440 --> 00:32:24,480 he watched from the sidelines, 741 00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:26,880 calculating, waiting, and plotting his 742 00:32:24,480 --> 00:32:29,600 next move to take control of the very 743 00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:32,080 machinery of the German state. Under the 744 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:34,799 old VHimar Republic, Germany had no 745 00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:36,799 unified police system. Each state 746 00:32:34,799 --> 00:32:39,919 maintained its own law enforcement 747 00:32:36,799 --> 00:32:42,880 agencies, a fragmented system ripe for 748 00:32:39,919 --> 00:32:45,360 exploitation. Hydrrich and his superior 749 00:32:42,880 --> 00:32:47,760 Hinrich Himmler saw this as an 750 00:32:45,360 --> 00:32:50,480 opportunity. But to transform it, they 751 00:32:47,760 --> 00:32:52,480 needed to centralize power, uniting the 752 00:32:50,480 --> 00:32:55,360 various state and local police forces 753 00:32:52,480 --> 00:32:57,600 under a single command, the SS. They 754 00:32:55,360 --> 00:33:00,480 began with Bavaria, one of Germany's 755 00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:03,840 largest and most influential states. Its 756 00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:06,000 capital, Munich, was the birthplace of 757 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:08,720 Nazism. But the regional government 758 00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:10,960 remained hesitant to accept full Nazi 759 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,880 control. That hesitation quickly 760 00:33:10,960 --> 00:33:14,559 vanished after consistent threats of 761 00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:18,080 violence were made against local 762 00:33:14,559 --> 00:33:20,960 officials. Ultimately, Bavaria folded, 763 00:33:18,080 --> 00:33:23,600 recognizing Hitler's authority. With the 764 00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:26,000 political resistance crushed, Hydrickch 765 00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:28,240 took over the Bavarian political police, 766 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:30,720 reorganizing it according to SS 767 00:33:28,240 --> 00:33:32,799 principles. Under his command, the 768 00:33:30,720 --> 00:33:35,120 police began rounding up communists, 769 00:33:32,799 --> 00:33:37,679 social democrats, union leaders, and 770 00:33:35,120 --> 00:33:40,640 Jews. Many were sent to newly built 771 00:33:37,679 --> 00:33:43,679 concentration camps like Dhaka and 772 00:33:40,640 --> 00:33:46,080 Bavaria was just the beginning. One by 773 00:33:43,679 --> 00:33:47,760 one, Hydrich and Himmler bullied and 774 00:33:46,080 --> 00:33:50,559 coerced other German states into 775 00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:52,720 accepting Nazi control. As each state 776 00:33:50,559 --> 00:33:56,880 submitted, its police forces were 777 00:33:52,720 --> 00:33:59,360 absorbed by the SS. By summer 1934, the 778 00:33:56,880 --> 00:34:01,840 only major law enforcement body not 779 00:33:59,360 --> 00:34:04,240 under SS control was in Prussia. This 780 00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:06,880 wasn't because Prussia was reluctant to 781 00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:09,679 accept the Nazis. In fact, its state 782 00:34:06,880 --> 00:34:12,079 president, Herman Guring, was a leading 783 00:34:09,679 --> 00:34:14,159 member of the Nazi party. The real issue 784 00:34:12,079 --> 00:34:16,079 was power. 785 00:34:14,159 --> 00:34:18,560 Guring commanded Prussia's secret 786 00:34:16,079 --> 00:34:20,320 police, the Gestapo, and he had no 787 00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:22,480 intention of handing it over to Himmler 788 00:34:20,320 --> 00:34:24,399 and Hydrich. However, Guring found 789 00:34:22,480 --> 00:34:27,599 himself caught between two dangerous 790 00:34:24,399 --> 00:34:30,240 forces. The SS growing more powerful by 791 00:34:27,599 --> 00:34:33,679 the day and Ernst R, the head of the 792 00:34:30,240 --> 00:34:35,760 unruly SA or brown shirts. Room had 793 00:34:33,679 --> 00:34:38,000 become increasingly volatile, even 794 00:34:35,760 --> 00:34:41,200 threatening a second revolution to purge 795 00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:43,839 so-called traitors within the party. As 796 00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:45,919 tensions continued to rise, Guring 797 00:34:43,839 --> 00:34:49,200 reluctantly agreed to seed control of 798 00:34:45,919 --> 00:34:51,679 the Gestapo to the more disciplined SS. 799 00:34:49,200 --> 00:34:54,720 It wasn't just Guring. Hitler himself 800 00:34:51,679 --> 00:34:57,200 feared that Rome, backed by nearly 3 801 00:34:54,720 --> 00:35:00,240 million men in the SA, might one day 802 00:34:57,200 --> 00:35:02,400 overthrow him. Even the German army was 803 00:35:00,240 --> 00:35:04,480 growing increasingly alarmed by Rome's 804 00:35:02,400 --> 00:35:08,240 ambitions and the SA's growing 805 00:35:04,480 --> 00:35:10,880 influence. On April 22nd, 1934, 806 00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:13,440 30-year-old Reinhard Hydrich was 807 00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:16,000 appointed acting head of the Gestapo. 808 00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:19,200 The SS now had the political police in 809 00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:21,760 its hands, and it was time to deal with 810 00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:24,800 Rome. 811 00:35:21,760 --> 00:35:28,160 Hydrich moved quickly. He allegedly 812 00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:30,720 fabricated a dossier accusing RM of 813 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:34,000 plotting a coup. The evidence, real or 814 00:35:30,720 --> 00:35:37,359 not, was convincing enough for Hitler. 815 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:39,839 Hydrich drew up hit lists. 816 00:35:37,359 --> 00:35:43,680 And between June 30th and July 2nd, 817 00:35:39,839 --> 00:35:46,320 1934, the SS struck in what became known 818 00:35:43,680 --> 00:35:48,640 as the night of the long knives. 819 00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:52,160 Hundreds of SA leaders were arrested and 820 00:35:48,640 --> 00:35:54,880 executed, including Anst R himself. And 821 00:35:52,160 --> 00:35:57,440 mind you, Anst Room was also the 822 00:35:54,880 --> 00:36:00,400 godfather of Heddrich's child. Despite 823 00:35:57,440 --> 00:36:02,720 this personal bond, Hydrich showed no 824 00:36:00,400 --> 00:36:05,760 hesitation when it came to orchestrating 825 00:36:02,720 --> 00:36:08,240 Room's downfall. With the SA destroyed, 826 00:36:05,760 --> 00:36:11,280 the SS emerged as the dominant power, 827 00:36:08,240 --> 00:36:13,440 and the Gestapo became its weapon. From 828 00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:15,200 this moment on, Hydrickch and Himmler 829 00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:19,480 controlled the entire law enforcement 830 00:36:15,200 --> 00:36:19,480 apparatus of Nazi Germany. 831 00:36:22,640 --> 00:36:28,160 People of the same blood should be in 832 00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:30,880 the same Reich. Hitler's dream was to 833 00:36:28,160 --> 00:36:33,520 unite Germany and Austria, two nations 834 00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:36,800 he believed were destined to be one. And 835 00:36:33,520 --> 00:36:40,160 on March 12th, 1938, that dream turned 836 00:36:36,800 --> 00:36:42,720 into reality. As tensions across Europe 837 00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:46,079 reached a breaking point, Hitler made 838 00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:49,520 his move, he annexed Austria. On March 839 00:36:46,079 --> 00:36:52,160 12th, 1938, German troops marched into 840 00:36:49,520 --> 00:36:55,040 Vienna, forcing the Austrian chancellor 841 00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:58,560 to step down. This event would later be 842 00:36:55,040 --> 00:37:02,079 called the Anlas. Soon after, Hydrick's 843 00:36:58,560 --> 00:37:04,560 SD and Gestapo began cleaning house. 844 00:37:02,079 --> 00:37:07,119 They arrested anyone who might stand in 845 00:37:04,560 --> 00:37:10,240 the way. communists, supporters of the 846 00:37:07,119 --> 00:37:13,599 old government, and royalists. In just a 847 00:37:10,240 --> 00:37:15,920 few days, they detained over 21,000 848 00:37:13,599 --> 00:37:18,079 people, most of whom were sent straight 849 00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:20,640 to concentration camps. After the 850 00:37:18,079 --> 00:37:23,359 Anelus, Hitler set his sights on 851 00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:25,839 Czechoslovakia, particularly the Sudatan 852 00:37:23,359 --> 00:37:28,079 land, a German-speaking border region. 853 00:37:25,839 --> 00:37:30,880 He claimed he was protecting ethnic 854 00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:33,599 Germans, but in truth, it was part of a 855 00:37:30,880 --> 00:37:36,800 larger plan to dominate Eastern Europe. 856 00:37:33,599 --> 00:37:38,800 In September 1938, under pressure from 857 00:37:36,800 --> 00:37:41,280 Hitler and with the infamous Munich 858 00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:44,000 Agreement, Britain and France handed 859 00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:47,200 over the Sudatinland without a fight. 860 00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:50,560 But Hitler wasn't satisfied. 861 00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:52,960 Just a few months later, in March 1939, 862 00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:54,640 Nazi forces invaded the rest of 863 00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:57,599 Czechoslovakia. 864 00:37:54,640 --> 00:38:00,320 The country was torn apart. The Slovak 865 00:37:57,599 --> 00:38:02,240 Republic became a puppet state and the 866 00:38:00,320 --> 00:38:04,480 remaining lands were turned into the 867 00:38:02,240 --> 00:38:06,240 protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 868 00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:09,760 which was directly governed by the 869 00:38:06,240 --> 00:38:13,280 Nazis. And once again, Heddrich's men 870 00:38:09,760 --> 00:38:15,680 swept in. His SS and Gestapo forces 871 00:38:13,280 --> 00:38:18,079 crushed resistance in Prague, just as 872 00:38:15,680 --> 00:38:20,880 they had done in Vienna. But these 873 00:38:18,079 --> 00:38:23,599 repressive crackdowns weren't the main 874 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:26,400 act. They were just the warm-up. The 875 00:38:23,599 --> 00:38:29,599 real test for Hydrickch's cruelty came 876 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:32,160 next in Poland. 877 00:38:29,599 --> 00:38:36,000 As Germany prepared for war, Hydrickch 878 00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:38,720 was given two major tasks. First, his SD 879 00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:40,480 units were to engage in smallcale border 880 00:38:38,720 --> 00:38:42,240 skirmishes immediately before the 881 00:38:40,480 --> 00:38:45,440 planned invasion, which would give 882 00:38:42,240 --> 00:38:47,359 Hitler a pretext for invading Poland. 883 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:50,240 Essentially, Hydrich was leading a false 884 00:38:47,359 --> 00:38:53,359 flag operation. Second, Hitler wanted 885 00:38:50,240 --> 00:38:56,000 the Polish elite completely wiped out. 886 00:38:53,359 --> 00:38:58,320 This became Operation Tannenburgg, a 887 00:38:56,000 --> 00:39:01,280 secret plan to destroy Poland's 888 00:38:58,320 --> 00:39:04,320 leadership and spirit. Hydrich created a 889 00:39:01,280 --> 00:39:07,040 list of 61,000 prominent Poles to be 890 00:39:04,320 --> 00:39:08,800 tracked down and killed. This list 891 00:39:07,040 --> 00:39:10,320 included intellectuals, religious 892 00:39:08,800 --> 00:39:13,760 leaders, politicians, Jews, and 893 00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:17,040 communists. To carry this out, Heddrich 894 00:39:13,760 --> 00:39:19,839 turned to his Insat group, brutal squads 895 00:39:17,040 --> 00:39:21,920 of SS and Gestapo members. Originally 896 00:39:19,839 --> 00:39:24,400 formed during the Czechoslovakian 897 00:39:21,920 --> 00:39:27,680 takeover, these units now had one 898 00:39:24,400 --> 00:39:30,240 purpose, mass executions. 899 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:33,680 Within weeks of the invasion, 2,000 900 00:39:30,240 --> 00:39:36,400 Einat Scrupman soldiers murdered over 901 00:39:33,680 --> 00:39:39,839 16,000 civilians. And according to 902 00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:42,960 historian Fala Ulich, that number would 903 00:39:39,839 --> 00:39:45,760 rise to 40,000 by the end of the year. 904 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:48,160 This was a turning point. Heddrich 905 00:39:45,760 --> 00:39:50,800 wasn't just locking people up. He was 906 00:39:48,160 --> 00:39:54,160 ordering mass killings, and he was doing 907 00:39:50,800 --> 00:39:56,480 it with speed and precision. This wasn't 908 00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:58,720 just about loyalty to Hitler. It seemed 909 00:39:56,480 --> 00:40:01,359 like Hydrich was starting to enjoy the 910 00:39:58,720 --> 00:40:03,440 bloodshed. Some say he was trying to 911 00:40:01,359 --> 00:40:06,079 make up for his past failures in the 912 00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:08,720 Navy, while others believe he saw 913 00:40:06,079 --> 00:40:11,280 extreme violence as a way to cement his 914 00:40:08,720 --> 00:40:14,160 power inside the SS. But one thing was 915 00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:17,440 certain, Operation Tannenburgg was the 916 00:40:14,160 --> 00:40:19,839 moment Hydrich truly became what Hitler 917 00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:22,800 later called the man with the iron 918 00:40:19,839 --> 00:40:27,320 heart. A man so evil that even Hitler 919 00:40:22,800 --> 00:40:27,320 called him the man with the iron heart. 920 00:40:27,440 --> 00:40:31,760 The interval has arrived. So, if you're 921 00:40:29,760 --> 00:40:34,480 still watching this video till now, 922 00:40:31,760 --> 00:40:36,720 comment, "I love you, Roger," below. 923 00:40:34,480 --> 00:40:38,800 Dropping this comment will motivate me 924 00:40:36,720 --> 00:40:40,960 to keep making these long, highly 925 00:40:38,800 --> 00:40:43,119 researched videos. It'll also let me 926 00:40:40,960 --> 00:40:45,520 know that people actually watch these 927 00:40:43,119 --> 00:40:48,480 long documentaries. So, don't forget to 928 00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:51,359 comment, "I love you, Roger." 929 00:40:48,480 --> 00:40:53,760 Now, let's get back to our story. As war 930 00:40:51,359 --> 00:40:56,240 raged across Europe, the Nazi leadership 931 00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:59,200 recognized a growing need to tighten 932 00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:00,800 their grip. Not just over Germany, but 933 00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:04,079 over the lands they were about to 934 00:41:00,800 --> 00:41:06,640 conquer. They needed order, ruthless and 935 00:41:04,079 --> 00:41:09,200 centralized control. And so, just weeks 936 00:41:06,640 --> 00:41:12,720 after the invasion of Poland, the Nazi 937 00:41:09,200 --> 00:41:16,079 regime created something entirely new, 938 00:41:12,720 --> 00:41:19,200 something terrifying. On September 27th, 939 00:41:16,079 --> 00:41:21,119 1939, the Nazis officially established 940 00:41:19,200 --> 00:41:24,000 the RHA, 941 00:41:21,119 --> 00:41:27,440 Reich Zika Heights helped amp or the 942 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:30,800 Reich main security office. Its goal was 943 00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:32,960 simple. Centralize all of Nazi Germany's 944 00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:35,359 security and intelligence services into 945 00:41:32,960 --> 00:41:37,760 one powerful organization, 946 00:41:35,359 --> 00:41:41,440 one that would answer only to Himmler 947 00:41:37,760 --> 00:41:44,400 and ultimately Hitler. And to lead it, 948 00:41:41,440 --> 00:41:46,560 they chose Reinhard Hydrich. Heddrich 949 00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:50,560 was already feared as the head of the SD 950 00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:53,040 and the Gestapo. But now with the RSHA, 951 00:41:50,560 --> 00:41:55,680 he was given authority over far more 952 00:41:53,040 --> 00:42:00,079 than just surveillance. Under his 953 00:41:55,680 --> 00:42:03,520 control, the RSHA combined the SD, the 954 00:42:00,079 --> 00:42:05,839 Gestapo, the Crypo, or German Criminal 955 00:42:03,520 --> 00:42:07,599 Police and several smaller agencies, all 956 00:42:05,839 --> 00:42:10,000 responsible for investigation, racial 957 00:42:07,599 --> 00:42:12,800 policy and enforcement. This meant that 958 00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:14,720 Hydrich now had eyes everywhere in 959 00:42:12,800 --> 00:42:17,200 cities, in villages, in concentration 960 00:42:14,720 --> 00:42:20,560 camps, in military zones, even within 961 00:42:17,200 --> 00:42:23,359 the Nazi party itself. Every whisper of 962 00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:26,319 resistance, every act of defiance, every 963 00:42:23,359 --> 00:42:28,800 citizen deemed a threat to the Reich was 964 00:42:26,319 --> 00:42:31,040 now under Hydrich's jurisdiction. And 965 00:42:28,800 --> 00:42:33,520 this wasn't just power, it was total 966 00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:37,280 surveillance. With the creation of the 967 00:42:33,520 --> 00:42:39,839 RSHA, Reinhard Hydrich became the single 968 00:42:37,280 --> 00:42:42,480 most powerful figure in the entire Nazi 969 00:42:39,839 --> 00:42:44,800 security apparatus. He was no longer 970 00:42:42,480 --> 00:42:49,359 just the man behind the curtain. He was 971 00:42:44,800 --> 00:42:51,760 the man watching the entire stage. 972 00:42:49,359 --> 00:42:53,680 In the spring of 1941, 973 00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:56,240 Hydrich was informed about Operation 974 00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:58,960 Barbarasa, the Nazi plan to launch a 975 00:42:56,240 --> 00:43:00,720 surprise invasion of the Soviet Union. 976 00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:03,520 Hitler believed that by striking 977 00:43:00,720 --> 00:43:05,839 quickly, he could crush the Soviets, 978 00:43:03,520 --> 00:43:08,640 dominate the entire European continent, 979 00:43:05,839 --> 00:43:10,960 and finally defeat Britain. But this 980 00:43:08,640 --> 00:43:13,599 wasn't just a military campaign. It was 981 00:43:10,960 --> 00:43:15,359 a war of annihilation. 982 00:43:13,599 --> 00:43:17,040 Hitler knew that a war against the 983 00:43:15,359 --> 00:43:19,440 communists was going to be a war of 984 00:43:17,040 --> 00:43:21,920 ideologies, which required total 985 00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:24,079 annihilation of one side or the other. 986 00:43:21,920 --> 00:43:27,520 Hitler saw communism and the Soviet 987 00:43:24,079 --> 00:43:29,599 system as an existential threat. He 988 00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:32,480 believed the only way to destroy an 989 00:43:29,599 --> 00:43:35,839 ideology was through absolute brutality 990 00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:38,000 and Hydrich's Enzat Grupam was ideal for 991 00:43:35,839 --> 00:43:40,240 the task. In preparation for the 992 00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:42,880 invasion, Heddrich issued deliberately 993 00:43:40,240 --> 00:43:46,240 vague orders to his men. He simply told 994 00:43:42,880 --> 00:43:48,000 them to target quote all Jews in the 995 00:43:46,240 --> 00:43:50,640 service of the Communist Party and the 996 00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:55,440 state. That was all the green light they 997 00:43:50,640 --> 00:43:58,000 needed. On June 22nd, 1941, around 4 998 00:43:55,440 --> 00:44:00,240 million Axis troops crossed into the 999 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:03,200 Soviet Union in what would become the 1000 00:44:00,240 --> 00:44:05,200 largest land invasion in human history. 1001 00:44:03,200 --> 00:44:08,079 As the German army pushed east, 1002 00:44:05,200 --> 00:44:11,359 Hydrick's Enzat Grupen followed close 1003 00:44:08,079 --> 00:44:14,480 behind, unleashing a wave of terror 1004 00:44:11,359 --> 00:44:18,160 throughout the Soviet Union. The Insat 1005 00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:20,560 group killed approximately 1.3 to 1.5 1006 00:44:18,160 --> 00:44:22,880 million people in the Soviet Union. One 1007 00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:26,640 of the most infamous atrocities occurred 1008 00:44:22,880 --> 00:44:29,280 in Babiar, just outside of Kiev. Over 1009 00:44:26,640 --> 00:44:33,200 the course of two days, an Enzat Grupam 1010 00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:36,240 unit murdered 33,000 Jews in a nearby 1011 00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:39,040 ravine. While Reinhard Hydrick's Enzat 1012 00:44:36,240 --> 00:44:41,359 Grupam were unleashing a wave of terror 1013 00:44:39,040 --> 00:44:43,599 across the Soviet Union. On the other 1014 00:44:41,359 --> 00:44:48,160 side of the front lines, Hydrickch 1015 00:44:43,599 --> 00:44:50,319 himself was flying combat missions. Yes, 1016 00:44:48,160 --> 00:44:53,760 apart from being a failed naval officer 1017 00:44:50,319 --> 00:44:56,160 and a brutal Nazi leader, Hydrich also 1018 00:44:53,760 --> 00:44:58,480 considered himself a fighter pilot. 1019 00:44:56,160 --> 00:44:59,839 During the earlier Norwegian campaign, 1020 00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:02,000 he had already flown several 1021 00:44:59,839 --> 00:45:04,640 reconnaissance and support missions, 1022 00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:07,920 craving recognition as a man of action, 1023 00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:10,800 not just a deskbound bureaucrat. And in 1024 00:45:07,920 --> 00:45:12,800 1941, as Operation Barbarasa unfolded, 1025 00:45:10,800 --> 00:45:15,839 Hydrickch insisted on taking to the 1026 00:45:12,800 --> 00:45:17,760 skies once again, this time over Soviet 1027 00:45:15,839 --> 00:45:20,640 territory. But during one of those 1028 00:45:17,760 --> 00:45:23,680 missions, his aircraft was shot down. 1029 00:45:20,640 --> 00:45:25,760 But somehow he survived the crash and 1030 00:45:23,680 --> 00:45:28,240 managed to escape before Soviet forces 1031 00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:31,280 could capture him. It was a narrow 1032 00:45:28,240 --> 00:45:34,480 escape and it shook the Nazi high 1033 00:45:31,280 --> 00:45:36,400 command. Hinrich Himmler was furious. He 1034 00:45:34,480 --> 00:45:38,319 ordered Hydrickch to stop flying 1035 00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:41,040 immediately. He was too valuable to 1036 00:45:38,319 --> 00:45:43,119 lose. But this episode revealed 1037 00:45:41,040 --> 00:45:45,599 something crucial about Hydrickch's 1038 00:45:43,119 --> 00:45:48,000 personality, his recklessness, his 1039 00:45:45,599 --> 00:45:50,560 thirst for adventure, and his relentless 1040 00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:53,200 ambition. He didn't just want to be 1041 00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:56,720 feared as a ruthless strategist. He 1042 00:45:53,200 --> 00:46:00,000 wanted to prove himself a warrior, too. 1043 00:45:56,720 --> 00:46:02,560 It was this dangerous mix of intellect, 1044 00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:04,160 cruelty, and boldness that made Hydrich 1045 00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:07,280 one of the deadliest men in the Third 1046 00:46:04,160 --> 00:46:09,119 Reich. But this very reckless spirit of 1047 00:46:07,280 --> 00:46:13,160 adventure would ultimately become the 1048 00:46:09,119 --> 00:46:13,160 cause of Hydrickch's death. 1049 00:46:19,760 --> 00:46:25,599 After Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in 1050 00:46:22,319 --> 00:46:29,440 March 1939, Hitler split the country 1051 00:46:25,599 --> 00:46:32,240 into two parts. The first was the Slovak 1052 00:46:29,440 --> 00:46:35,040 Republic, a puppet state under the 1053 00:46:32,240 --> 00:46:37,839 control of the Nazis with Yosef Tiso 1054 00:46:35,040 --> 00:46:39,839 installed as its president. The second 1055 00:46:37,839 --> 00:46:42,160 was the protectorate of Bohemia and 1056 00:46:39,839 --> 00:46:45,680 Moravia, which was placed under direct 1057 00:46:42,160 --> 00:46:47,359 Nazi rule. This region was strategically 1058 00:46:45,680 --> 00:46:50,000 important to Hitler, not just 1059 00:46:47,359 --> 00:46:53,280 politically, but economically as well. 1060 00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:55,359 Bohemia and Moravia were rich in raw 1061 00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:58,240 materials that were crucial for the 1062 00:46:55,359 --> 00:47:00,960 German war effort, including coal, iron, 1063 00:46:58,240 --> 00:47:03,760 steel, and other industrial resources. 1064 00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:06,079 It also had a strong manufacturing base, 1065 00:47:03,760 --> 00:47:08,640 especially in arms and machinery, which 1066 00:47:06,079 --> 00:47:10,800 the Nazis quickly absorbed into their 1067 00:47:08,640 --> 00:47:13,280 military economy. At first, Hitler 1068 00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:15,280 appointed Constantine Fonath, a 1069 00:47:13,280 --> 00:47:18,560 conservative diplomat, to oversee the 1070 00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:21,119 area. But Norath was too soft for 1071 00:47:18,560 --> 00:47:23,760 Hitler's liking. He tried to maintain 1072 00:47:21,119 --> 00:47:26,720 order using traditional means, 1073 00:47:23,760 --> 00:47:28,480 diplomacy, compromise, and minimal 1074 00:47:26,720 --> 00:47:32,000 violence. 1075 00:47:28,480 --> 00:47:35,359 The result, strikes, sabotage, and 1076 00:47:32,000 --> 00:47:38,400 growing Czech resistance. By 1941, 1077 00:47:35,359 --> 00:47:40,800 Hitler had had enough. He needed someone 1078 00:47:38,400 --> 00:47:43,440 ruthless, someone who would crush 1079 00:47:40,800 --> 00:47:47,680 resistance without hesitation. 1080 00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:50,400 And so he turned to Reinhard Hydrich. 1081 00:47:47,680 --> 00:47:52,319 Heddrich already had a reputation as one 1082 00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:54,800 of the most feared men in the Third 1083 00:47:52,319 --> 00:47:57,040 Reich. He was brutal, loyal, and 1084 00:47:54,800 --> 00:48:00,079 efficient. Hitler believed Hydrrich 1085 00:47:57,040 --> 00:48:02,640 could do what Vonurath couldn't. Break 1086 00:48:00,079 --> 00:48:05,040 the will of the Czech people and turn 1087 00:48:02,640 --> 00:48:07,440 the protectorate into a model of Nazi 1088 00:48:05,040 --> 00:48:11,359 order and productivity. 1089 00:48:07,440 --> 00:48:14,160 In September 1941, Hydrich was appointed 1090 00:48:11,359 --> 00:48:16,880 acting Reich protector of Bohemia and 1091 00:48:14,160 --> 00:48:20,240 Moravia. From the moment he arrived in 1092 00:48:16,880 --> 00:48:22,559 Prague, he ruled with an iron fist. He 1093 00:48:20,240 --> 00:48:25,200 executed over 400 people in his first 1094 00:48:22,559 --> 00:48:27,599 few months, targeting resistance 1095 00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:30,720 members, intellectuals, and anyone 1096 00:48:27,599 --> 00:48:33,040 suspected of disloyalty. Thousands more 1097 00:48:30,720 --> 00:48:37,359 were arrested and sent to concentration 1098 00:48:33,040 --> 00:48:40,720 camps. Streets were silenced by fear. 1099 00:48:37,359 --> 00:48:42,880 And yet alongside the terror, Hadrish 1100 00:48:40,720 --> 00:48:45,440 improved food rations and working 1101 00:48:42,880 --> 00:48:47,440 conditions, not out of compassion, but 1102 00:48:45,440 --> 00:48:52,400 to keep the Czech factories running for 1103 00:48:47,440 --> 00:48:54,800 the Nazi war effort. On 20 January 1942, 1104 00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:58,319 Hydrrich summoned a secret conference of 1105 00:48:54,800 --> 00:49:01,119 highranking Nazi officials at Vansi. 1106 00:48:58,319 --> 00:49:04,720 After this conference, the tragic fate 1107 00:49:01,119 --> 00:49:07,359 of millions of Jews was sealed. 1108 00:49:04,720 --> 00:49:10,640 But Heddrich may have also triggered an 1109 00:49:07,359 --> 00:49:12,640 ancient curse. In Prague Castle, kept 1110 00:49:10,640 --> 00:49:15,040 under heavy guard, lay the crown of 1111 00:49:12,640 --> 00:49:18,000 Saint Venislas. According to Czech 1112 00:49:15,040 --> 00:49:20,880 legend, any usurper who dares to place 1113 00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:24,400 the crown on his head. Someone unworthy 1114 00:49:20,880 --> 00:49:27,200 of the Bohemian throne will die within a 1115 00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:30,240 year. The legend dates back centuries 1116 00:49:27,200 --> 00:49:33,040 and is tied to St. Vinces, the patron 1117 00:49:30,240 --> 00:49:36,000 saint of Bohemia. The crown is said to 1118 00:49:33,040 --> 00:49:38,559 be sacred, a divine symbol of Czech 1119 00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:40,960 sovereignty. To wear it unlawfully is 1120 00:49:38,559 --> 00:49:43,200 not only treasonous, but fatal. It is 1121 00:49:40,960 --> 00:49:45,040 rumored, even believed by many, that 1122 00:49:43,200 --> 00:49:47,680 Hydrich, in a moment of arrogance or 1123 00:49:45,040 --> 00:49:50,640 mockery, privately wore the crown of St. 1124 00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:53,520 Venislas while alone inside Prague 1125 00:49:50,640 --> 00:49:56,400 Castle. There were no witnesses, but 1126 00:49:53,520 --> 00:49:59,280 whispers of the act spread quickly. 1127 00:49:56,400 --> 00:50:01,359 If true, it would mean that he had 1128 00:49:59,280 --> 00:50:05,040 fulfilled the exact condition of the 1129 00:50:01,359 --> 00:50:07,760 ancient curse, an unworthy ruler placing 1130 00:50:05,040 --> 00:50:10,160 the sacred Bohemian crown on his head. 1131 00:50:07,760 --> 00:50:13,040 And just as the legend warned, any such 1132 00:50:10,160 --> 00:50:16,960 man would die within a year. And in 1133 00:50:13,040 --> 00:50:19,680 Hydrickch's case, the curse didn't miss. 1134 00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:22,480 Hydrich's reign of terror in Prague had 1135 00:50:19,680 --> 00:50:24,800 not gone unnoticed. Back in Britain, the 1136 00:50:22,480 --> 00:50:26,880 Czechoslovak government in exile, led by 1137 00:50:24,800 --> 00:50:28,400 President Edward Banish, had been 1138 00:50:26,880 --> 00:50:31,119 closely watching the protectorate 1139 00:50:28,400 --> 00:50:34,319 suffering. They knew that to inspire 1140 00:50:31,119 --> 00:50:36,800 hope at home and prove their loyalty to 1141 00:50:34,319 --> 00:50:39,440 the Allies, they needed to strike a 1142 00:50:36,800 --> 00:50:42,079 decisive blow, something that would send 1143 00:50:39,440 --> 00:50:46,160 a message not just to the Nazis, but to 1144 00:50:42,079 --> 00:50:49,359 the whole world. And so, a daring plan 1145 00:50:46,160 --> 00:50:52,400 was born. The plan was simple. 1146 00:50:49,359 --> 00:50:55,440 assassinate Reinhard Hydrrich, the most 1147 00:50:52,400 --> 00:50:58,720 powerful Nazi in occupied Europe. The 1148 00:50:55,440 --> 00:51:01,040 operation would be called Anthropoid. 1149 00:50:58,720 --> 00:51:03,359 To carry it out, the Czech government in 1150 00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:07,119 exile turned to the British Special 1151 00:51:03,359 --> 00:51:08,960 Operations Executive, the SOE. The SOE 1152 00:51:07,119 --> 00:51:12,319 trained exiled soldiers from 1153 00:51:08,960 --> 00:51:15,200 Czechoslovakia in sabotage, explosives, 1154 00:51:12,319 --> 00:51:17,040 guerrilla tactics, and silent killing. 1155 00:51:15,200 --> 00:51:20,640 The original plan was to send Ysef 1156 00:51:17,040 --> 00:51:22,640 Gabchic, a Slovak, and Carol Svoda, a 1157 00:51:20,640 --> 00:51:26,079 Czech staff sergeant. They were chosen 1158 00:51:22,640 --> 00:51:28,880 for the mission on October 28th, 1941, 1159 00:51:26,079 --> 00:51:31,359 Czechoslovakia's independence day. A 1160 00:51:28,880 --> 00:51:34,720 symbolic date meant to echo National 1161 00:51:31,359 --> 00:51:36,880 Defiance. But before deployment, Svoda 1162 00:51:34,720 --> 00:51:38,800 suffered a head injury during training. 1163 00:51:36,880 --> 00:51:40,880 He had to be replaced, the new 1164 00:51:38,800 --> 00:51:42,400 candidate, Yan Kubish, a Czech 1165 00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:44,000 artilleryman. 1166 00:51:42,400 --> 00:51:46,480 But Kubish hadn't completed his 1167 00:51:44,000 --> 00:51:48,559 training, nor had his false identity 1168 00:51:46,480 --> 00:51:51,599 documents been prepared. The mission was 1169 00:51:48,559 --> 00:51:53,839 delayed. Finally, when everything was in 1170 00:51:51,599 --> 00:51:55,680 place, these two men were selected for 1171 00:51:53,839 --> 00:51:58,880 what would become one of the most daring 1172 00:51:55,680 --> 00:52:02,880 operations of the war. 30-year-old Ysef 1173 00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:05,440 Gabchic and 27-year-old Yan Kubish. 1174 00:52:02,880 --> 00:52:08,319 Gabchic had served in the Czechoslovak 1175 00:52:05,440 --> 00:52:11,280 army and was known for his sharp mind 1176 00:52:08,319 --> 00:52:13,200 and technical skills. Kubish had fought 1177 00:52:11,280 --> 00:52:16,640 in the artillery with frontline 1178 00:52:13,200 --> 00:52:19,599 experience and nerves of steel. Both had 1179 00:52:16,640 --> 00:52:21,839 already resisted the Nazis first during 1180 00:52:19,599 --> 00:52:24,800 the occupation of Czechoslovakia and 1181 00:52:21,839 --> 00:52:27,280 later in France. Both had escaped to 1182 00:52:24,800 --> 00:52:30,160 Britain and both understood one thing. 1183 00:52:27,280 --> 00:52:32,559 This was a mission with almost no chance 1184 00:52:30,160 --> 00:52:35,200 of survival. They had no illusions of 1185 00:52:32,559 --> 00:52:38,480 returning to London or even surviving in 1186 00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:40,960 Prague. But if Hydrickch's death could 1187 00:52:38,480 --> 00:52:43,680 weaken Nazi control over Europe, the 1188 00:52:40,960 --> 00:52:46,079 mission was worth it. Hydrich had to 1189 00:52:43,680 --> 00:52:48,240 die. After weeks of brutal training, 1190 00:52:46,079 --> 00:52:51,280 they were ready. On the freezing night 1191 00:52:48,240 --> 00:52:52,800 of December 28th, 1941, a British 1192 00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:55,359 Halifax bomber roared over 1193 00:52:52,800 --> 00:52:58,559 Czechoslovakia, flying low to avoid 1194 00:52:55,359 --> 00:53:00,880 detection. At around 2:00 a.m., Gabchic 1195 00:52:58,559 --> 00:53:03,359 and Kubish parachuted into the darkness, 1196 00:53:00,880 --> 00:53:06,559 aiming for a location near Piltson. But 1197 00:53:03,359 --> 00:53:10,160 immediately everything went wrong. A 1198 00:53:06,559 --> 00:53:13,440 snowstorm raged below. The drop zone was 1199 00:53:10,160 --> 00:53:16,640 missed. The two agents landed 75 mi off 1200 00:53:13,440 --> 00:53:18,640 target. And worse, Gabchic misjudged his 1201 00:53:16,640 --> 00:53:21,440 landing and badly injured his ankle on 1202 00:53:18,640 --> 00:53:23,520 the frozen ground. He could barely walk, 1203 00:53:21,440 --> 00:53:27,359 relying on Kubish's help just to stay 1204 00:53:23,520 --> 00:53:31,280 upright. They were lost, exposed, and 1205 00:53:27,359 --> 00:53:32,400 vulnerable. In deep snow, any Gestapo 1206 00:53:31,280 --> 00:53:35,359 patrol could have followed their 1207 00:53:32,400 --> 00:53:38,400 bootprints and caught them easily. The 1208 00:53:35,359 --> 00:53:40,960 mission appeared doomed from the start. 1209 00:53:38,400 --> 00:53:44,400 But thankfully, there was no Gestapo 1210 00:53:40,960 --> 00:53:46,480 unit anywhere nearby. Instead, a local 1211 00:53:44,400 --> 00:53:48,880 miller who had witnessed their parachute 1212 00:53:46,480 --> 00:53:51,680 landing discovered them hiding in a 1213 00:53:48,880 --> 00:53:53,200 nearby quarry. As luck would have it, 1214 00:53:51,680 --> 00:53:56,079 the miller was connected to the 1215 00:53:53,200 --> 00:53:58,160 resistance. With his assistance, Gabchic 1216 00:53:56,079 --> 00:53:59,920 and Kubish boarded a train to Prague and 1217 00:53:58,160 --> 00:54:01,520 through his contacts, they were 1218 00:53:59,920 --> 00:54:04,400 introduced to key members of the 1219 00:54:01,520 --> 00:54:06,400 resistance network in the city. There, 1220 00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:09,119 the resistance connected them with safe 1221 00:54:06,400 --> 00:54:12,079 houses and coordinated their next moves. 1222 00:54:09,119 --> 00:54:14,400 Carrying fake papers, pistols, grenades, 1223 00:54:12,079 --> 00:54:16,559 cyanide capsules, and a British sten 1224 00:54:14,400 --> 00:54:18,880 gun. The two men slipped into the 1225 00:54:16,559 --> 00:54:21,280 capital, now the heart of the Nazi 1226 00:54:18,880 --> 00:54:24,000 protectorate. For the next 5 months, 1227 00:54:21,280 --> 00:54:26,240 they lived like shadows, constantly 1228 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:28,559 shifting between safe houses arranged by 1229 00:54:26,240 --> 00:54:31,119 the Czech resistance group. In the 1230 00:54:28,559 --> 00:54:34,720 shadows, the plan to kill Hydrickch 1231 00:54:31,119 --> 00:54:37,119 began to take shape. Gabchic and Kubish 1232 00:54:34,720 --> 00:54:40,480 stalked him for weeks. Learning his 1233 00:54:37,119 --> 00:54:44,240 roots, his habits, his blind spots, they 1234 00:54:40,480 --> 00:54:46,000 noticed something bizarre. Hydrich, 1235 00:54:44,240 --> 00:54:48,400 despite being one of the most powerful 1236 00:54:46,000 --> 00:54:51,040 men in Nazi Europe, traveled in an open 1237 00:54:48,400 --> 00:54:53,200 top Mercedes, usually without escort. 1238 00:54:51,040 --> 00:54:57,040 His only protection was a driver, 1239 00:54:53,200 --> 00:54:59,520 Johannes Klene. Sometimes Hydrich even 1240 00:54:57,040 --> 00:55:01,200 walked the streets of Prague with no 1241 00:54:59,520 --> 00:55:03,599 guards at all. He believed he was 1242 00:55:01,200 --> 00:55:05,920 untouchable. Even Himmler had advised 1243 00:55:03,599 --> 00:55:08,880 him to tighten his personal security. 1244 00:55:05,920 --> 00:55:12,160 But Hydrich ignored the warning. And 1245 00:55:08,880 --> 00:55:14,960 Hitler, he was furious. Hitler 1246 00:55:12,160 --> 00:55:16,720 reportedly said, "Such heroic gestures 1247 00:55:14,960 --> 00:55:18,800 like driving in an open unarmored 1248 00:55:16,720 --> 00:55:21,440 vehicle or walking in the streets of 1249 00:55:18,800 --> 00:55:23,359 Prague unguarded are just damn 1250 00:55:21,440 --> 00:55:25,200 stupidity. Men of importance like 1251 00:55:23,359 --> 00:55:27,520 Hydrich should know that they are being 1252 00:55:25,200 --> 00:55:29,359 continually stalked. There are any 1253 00:55:27,520 --> 00:55:32,640 number of people just waiting to kill 1254 00:55:29,359 --> 00:55:35,839 him." And he was right. 1255 00:55:32,640 --> 00:55:38,480 As the weeks passed, Gabchic and Kubish 1256 00:55:35,839 --> 00:55:41,440 began searching for the perfect place to 1257 00:55:38,480 --> 00:55:44,319 strike. They walked and cycled through 1258 00:55:41,440 --> 00:55:46,800 the city, surveying every inch of 1259 00:55:44,319 --> 00:55:49,440 Hydrickch's daily route from Prague 1260 00:55:46,800 --> 00:55:50,880 Castle to his country residence. They 1261 00:55:49,440 --> 00:55:53,680 searched for a location that offered 1262 00:55:50,880 --> 00:55:56,160 both a clear shot and a narrow window of 1263 00:55:53,680 --> 00:56:00,240 vulnerability. The mission demanded 1264 00:55:56,160 --> 00:56:02,240 absolute precision, one mistake, and 1265 00:56:00,240 --> 00:56:04,079 they were dead. 1266 00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:06,960 By early February, they found their 1267 00:56:04,079 --> 00:56:10,160 opportunity, a tight hairpin turn in the 1268 00:56:06,960 --> 00:56:12,640 Prague suburb of Leeben. Each morning, 1269 00:56:10,160 --> 00:56:15,599 Heddrich's Mercedes was forced to slow 1270 00:56:12,640 --> 00:56:18,799 down drastically at that turn, almost to 1271 00:56:15,599 --> 00:56:22,079 a walking pace. It was the perfect place 1272 00:56:18,799 --> 00:56:24,559 for an ambush. Just behind the turn was 1273 00:56:22,079 --> 00:56:26,880 a public bus stop, giving Gabchic and 1274 00:56:24,559 --> 00:56:29,599 Kubish the ideal cover to wait without 1275 00:56:26,880 --> 00:56:31,920 raising suspicion. Gabchic and Kubish 1276 00:56:29,599 --> 00:56:35,119 could blend in with ordinary commuters 1277 00:56:31,920 --> 00:56:37,359 and wait. So the plan was that Gabchic 1278 00:56:35,119 --> 00:56:39,839 would fire at Heddrich's car from the 1279 00:56:37,359 --> 00:56:42,000 front and Kubish would throw a grenade 1280 00:56:39,839 --> 00:56:45,119 from the side to finish off whatever 1281 00:56:42,000 --> 00:56:47,520 remained. When the resistance received a 1282 00:56:45,119 --> 00:56:49,440 tip from a Czech insider at Prague 1283 00:56:47,520 --> 00:56:52,480 Castle that Hydrish would be meeting 1284 00:56:49,440 --> 00:56:55,200 Hitler on May 27th and likely leaving 1285 00:56:52,480 --> 00:56:58,240 the country for several weeks. Gabch and 1286 00:56:55,200 --> 00:57:01,960 Kubish chose that day as the moment to 1287 00:56:58,240 --> 00:57:01,960 carry out their mission. 1288 00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:07,880 fighting and Hitler will tear Brag 1289 00:57:04,880 --> 00:57:07,880 apart. 1290 00:57:08,720 --> 00:57:13,520 >> Gabchic and Kubish, despite final pleas 1291 00:57:11,599 --> 00:57:16,400 from their underground protectors to 1292 00:57:13,520 --> 00:57:20,200 abandon the mission, decided that it was 1293 00:57:16,400 --> 00:57:20,200 time to act. 1294 00:57:21,599 --> 00:57:26,079 On the morning of the 27th of May, 1295 00:57:24,000 --> 00:57:28,400 Gabchic and Kubish accordingly 1296 00:57:26,079 --> 00:57:31,760 positioned themselves near the hairpin 1297 00:57:28,400 --> 00:57:34,559 curve designated for the attack. Despite 1298 00:57:31,760 --> 00:57:37,440 the warm weather, Gabchic carried a 1299 00:57:34,559 --> 00:57:40,400 raincoat over his arm, concealing his 1300 00:57:37,440 --> 00:57:42,799 submachine gun. On the opposite side of 1301 00:57:40,400 --> 00:57:46,400 the street, Kubish was leaning against a 1302 00:57:42,799 --> 00:57:49,599 lamp post. Two highly sensitive fused 1303 00:57:46,400 --> 00:57:52,559 bombs in his briefcase. A third man, 1304 00:57:49,599 --> 00:57:54,799 Ysef Valic, who had been parachuted into 1305 00:57:52,559 --> 00:57:56,799 the protectorate in December, positioned 1306 00:57:54,799 --> 00:57:58,480 himself further up the hill, where he 1307 00:57:56,799 --> 00:58:03,520 acted as lookout for the approaching 1308 00:57:58,480 --> 00:58:05,920 car. At around 10:20 a.m., Valtic's 1309 00:58:03,520 --> 00:58:08,160 shaving mirror flashed in the sun, 1310 00:58:05,920 --> 00:58:09,680 signaling that Hydrickch's car was 1311 00:58:08,160 --> 00:58:11,760 approaching. 1312 00:58:09,680 --> 00:58:14,400 As the assassins had anticipated, 1313 00:58:11,760 --> 00:58:16,960 Heddrich's driver slowed down for the 1314 00:58:14,400 --> 00:58:19,760 bend. When the car turned the corner, 1315 00:58:16,960 --> 00:58:22,319 Gabchic leaped out, aimed his submachine 1316 00:58:19,760 --> 00:58:24,720 gun at Hydrich, and pulled the trigger. 1317 00:58:22,319 --> 00:58:28,839 But in that crucial moment, everything 1318 00:58:24,720 --> 00:58:28,839 went terribly wrong. 1319 00:58:33,359 --> 00:58:39,040 The gun jammed, but then Heddrich made a 1320 00:58:36,559 --> 00:58:41,119 costly mistake. Instead of ordering his 1321 00:58:39,040 --> 00:58:43,920 driver to speed away, he told him to 1322 00:58:41,119 --> 00:58:46,799 stop. He pulled out his pistol and aimed 1323 00:58:43,920 --> 00:58:49,280 it at Gabchic. But before he could fire, 1324 00:58:46,799 --> 00:58:53,720 Kubish stepped out of the shadows and 1325 00:58:49,280 --> 00:58:53,720 tossed a bomb toward the open Mercedes. 1326 00:58:55,119 --> 00:59:00,240 He misjudged the distance and the bomb 1327 00:58:57,839 --> 00:59:02,319 exploded against the car's rear wheel, 1328 00:59:00,240 --> 00:59:04,640 throwing shrapnel back into Kubish's 1329 00:59:02,319 --> 00:59:07,680 face and shattering the windows of a 1330 00:59:04,640 --> 00:59:10,400 passing tram. The wounded Heddrich fired 1331 00:59:07,680 --> 00:59:12,799 shots at Kubish, but due to the smoke, 1332 00:59:10,400 --> 00:59:15,839 not a single bullet hit him, and Kubish 1333 00:59:12,799 --> 00:59:18,160 fled the scene on his bicycle. 1334 00:59:15,839 --> 00:59:20,960 Meanwhile, on the other side, Gabchic 1335 00:59:18,160 --> 00:59:24,319 threw away his jammed Sten gun and tried 1336 00:59:20,960 --> 00:59:26,960 to flee, but escape wasn't easy for him. 1337 00:59:24,319 --> 00:59:30,000 Heddrich's driver, Klene, chased after 1338 00:59:26,960 --> 00:59:32,720 him. Gabchic ran into a nearby butcher 1339 00:59:30,000 --> 00:59:36,400 shop, but quickly realized there was no 1340 00:59:32,720 --> 00:59:38,880 back door, no exit. He was trapped. But 1341 00:59:36,400 --> 00:59:40,880 as Klein stepped inside, Gabchic fired 1342 00:59:38,880 --> 00:59:43,880 two shots into his legs and made his 1343 00:59:40,880 --> 00:59:43,880 escape. 1344 00:59:43,920 --> 00:59:47,599 After the assassins made their escape, 1345 00:59:46,000 --> 00:59:50,400 Hydrickch was rushed to a nearby 1346 00:59:47,599 --> 00:59:52,319 hospital. While surgeons worked on him, 1347 00:59:50,400 --> 00:59:54,559 news of the attack reached both Himmler 1348 00:59:52,319 --> 00:59:57,040 and Hitler, and their fury was 1349 00:59:54,559 --> 01:00:00,559 immediate. Himmler was allegedly so 1350 00:59:57,040 --> 01:00:03,040 shaken that he burst into tears. 1351 01:00:00,559 --> 01:00:05,599 Both demanded swift and severe 1352 01:00:03,040 --> 01:00:07,839 retributions. Hitler instantly called 1353 01:00:05,599 --> 01:00:10,880 for the execution of 10,000 Czech 1354 01:00:07,839 --> 01:00:12,720 hostages, declaring that the checks have 1355 01:00:10,880 --> 01:00:15,119 to learn the lesson that if they shoot 1356 01:00:12,720 --> 01:00:17,839 down one man, he will immediately be 1357 01:00:15,119 --> 01:00:19,680 replaced by somebody even worse. 1358 01:00:17,839 --> 01:00:22,480 Thankfully, Heddrich's deputy Carl 1359 01:00:19,680 --> 01:00:24,720 Herman Frank managed to calm the enraged 1360 01:00:22,480 --> 01:00:26,880 Hitler. Fearing that mass reprisals 1361 01:00:24,720 --> 01:00:28,640 could damage Germany's vital economic 1362 01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:30,880 interests in the region, Frank 1363 01:00:28,640 --> 01:00:33,599 immediately flew to Berlin to argue his 1364 01:00:30,880 --> 01:00:36,880 case. He insisted the attack was an 1365 01:00:33,599 --> 01:00:39,040 isolated act orchestrated from London 1366 01:00:36,880 --> 01:00:41,200 and warned that indiscriminate killings 1367 01:00:39,040 --> 01:00:43,040 would harm Germany's war effort and 1368 01:00:41,200 --> 01:00:46,319 could cause the Czech resistance to 1369 01:00:43,040 --> 01:00:49,119 spread even further. Largecale 1370 01:00:46,319 --> 01:00:50,720 massacres, he argued, would also undo 1371 01:00:49,119 --> 01:00:52,960 Hydrickch's effective occupation 1372 01:00:50,720 --> 01:00:56,079 policies, [ __ ] Czech armament 1373 01:00:52,960 --> 01:00:58,720 production, and fuel enemy propaganda. 1374 01:00:56,079 --> 01:01:00,880 His reasoning worked, at least for the 1375 01:00:58,720 --> 01:01:03,680 moment. Hitler withdrew his order to 1376 01:01:00,880 --> 01:01:05,920 execute 10,000 Czech hostages, but 1377 01:01:03,680 --> 01:01:08,799 remained adamant that the assassins must 1378 01:01:05,920 --> 01:01:11,839 be found and captured without delay. 1379 01:01:08,799 --> 01:01:14,160 More than 12,000 Gestapo and SS 1380 01:01:11,839 --> 01:01:16,720 personnel spread out across Prague, 1381 01:01:14,160 --> 01:01:19,520 raiding nearly 36,000 buildings in their 1382 01:01:16,720 --> 01:01:21,839 search for the assassins. Yet, despite 1383 01:01:19,520 --> 01:01:24,240 leaving hardly a single home unchecked, 1384 01:01:21,839 --> 01:01:26,720 the massive police operation failed to 1385 01:01:24,240 --> 01:01:29,280 achieve its goal. The assassins were 1386 01:01:26,720 --> 01:01:31,200 nowhere to be found. The Nazis announced 1387 01:01:29,280 --> 01:01:33,680 a reward of 10 million Cronin for 1388 01:01:31,200 --> 01:01:35,680 capturing the assassins. Anyone found 1389 01:01:33,680 --> 01:01:38,480 sheltering or helping them or even 1390 01:01:35,680 --> 01:01:41,200 knowing their identities or location and 1391 01:01:38,480 --> 01:01:43,520 failing to report it would be executed 1392 01:01:41,200 --> 01:01:46,000 along with their entire family. 1393 01:01:43,520 --> 01:01:48,720 Meanwhile, as the massive manhunt for 1394 01:01:46,000 --> 01:01:50,559 Hydrickch's assassins raged on, Hydrich 1395 01:01:48,720 --> 01:01:52,960 seemed to be recovering well, and it 1396 01:01:50,559 --> 01:01:55,040 appeared he would soon be out of danger. 1397 01:01:52,960 --> 01:01:57,200 For days after the surgery, his 1398 01:01:55,040 --> 01:01:59,680 condition improved steadily and he was 1399 01:01:57,200 --> 01:02:01,760 alert, speaking to visitors and even 1400 01:01:59,680 --> 01:02:05,520 discussed future plans. But on the 1401 01:02:01,760 --> 01:02:07,760 morning of June 4th, everything changed. 1402 01:02:05,520 --> 01:02:10,880 Without warning, Hydrick's temperature 1403 01:02:07,760 --> 01:02:12,720 spiked and he slipped into a coma. 1404 01:02:10,880 --> 01:02:15,680 Doctors quickly realized that a deadly 1405 01:02:12,720 --> 01:02:18,240 infection had taken hold. Within hours, 1406 01:02:15,680 --> 01:02:20,559 Hydrick's organs began to fail. By 1407 01:02:18,240 --> 01:02:22,160 midday, it was clear he would not 1408 01:02:20,559 --> 01:02:26,880 survive. 1409 01:02:22,160 --> 01:02:29,280 At 4:30 a.m. on June 4th, 1942, Reinhard 1410 01:02:26,880 --> 01:02:32,000 Hydrich, one of the most feared men in 1411 01:02:29,280 --> 01:02:34,079 Nazi Germany, was pronounced dead. Not 1412 01:02:32,000 --> 01:02:37,599 from the blast itself, but from 1413 01:02:34,079 --> 01:02:41,280 septasemia caused by the infection. 1414 01:02:37,599 --> 01:02:44,319 On June 7th, 1942, Reinhard Hydrick's 1415 01:02:41,280 --> 01:02:46,559 body was placed in a coffin. His funeral 1416 01:02:44,319 --> 01:02:49,200 procession through Prague was unlike 1417 01:02:46,559 --> 01:02:51,280 anything the city had ever seen. Streets 1418 01:02:49,200 --> 01:02:54,160 were lined with thousands of German 1419 01:02:51,280 --> 01:02:56,960 soldiers in full parade uniform. 1420 01:02:54,160 --> 01:02:59,280 Military bands played solemn marches as 1421 01:02:56,960 --> 01:03:02,240 the coffin carried on a gun carriage 1422 01:02:59,280 --> 01:03:04,480 slowly made its way to the station. From 1423 01:03:02,240 --> 01:03:06,480 Prague, the coffin was transported to 1424 01:03:04,480 --> 01:03:09,599 Berlin, where the Nazi leadership 1425 01:03:06,480 --> 01:03:12,079 gathered for a grand state funeral. The 1426 01:03:09,599 --> 01:03:16,599 hall was filled with black banners and 1427 01:03:12,079 --> 01:03:16,599 an ocean of SS uniforms. 1428 01:03:18,720 --> 01:03:21,720 and 1429 01:03:26,640 --> 01:03:29,640 findus. 1430 01:03:30,559 --> 01:03:36,400 >> Hitler declared Hydrich a martr. On the 1431 01:03:34,319 --> 01:03:37,920 other hand, Himmler said, "I am 1432 01:03:36,400 --> 01:03:40,319 privileged to thank you for your 1433 01:03:37,920 --> 01:03:42,640 unswerving loyalty and for your 1434 01:03:40,319 --> 01:03:45,119 wonderful friendship which was a bond 1435 01:03:42,640 --> 01:03:47,200 between us in this life and which death 1436 01:03:45,119 --> 01:03:49,680 can never put us under." He also 1437 01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:51,440 proclaimed that Hydrich was someone who 1438 01:03:49,680 --> 01:03:52,799 should be emulated, though he 1439 01:03:51,440 --> 01:03:55,440 acknowledged that no one would be able 1440 01:03:52,799 --> 01:03:57,760 to achieve such glory. The Nazis gave 1441 01:03:55,440 --> 01:04:00,799 Hydrich a farewell as if a great saint 1442 01:03:57,760 --> 01:04:02,880 had died. On the very day of Heddrich's 1443 01:04:00,799 --> 01:04:04,640 grand funeral, the Nazis received 1444 01:04:02,880 --> 01:04:07,359 intelligence, claiming that his 1445 01:04:04,640 --> 01:04:10,799 assassins were hiding in the small Czech 1446 01:04:07,359 --> 01:04:13,440 village of Leit. Hitler, seizing on this 1447 01:04:10,799 --> 01:04:15,680 as an opportunity for swift and brutal 1448 01:04:13,440 --> 01:04:18,079 vengeance, ordered the village to be 1449 01:04:15,680 --> 01:04:20,160 completely wiped from the map, both as 1450 01:04:18,079 --> 01:04:21,920 retaliation and as a chilling warning 1451 01:04:20,160 --> 01:04:24,160 meant to compel others to turn in the 1452 01:04:21,920 --> 01:04:26,960 killers. But in the days that followed, 1453 01:04:24,160 --> 01:04:29,440 a grim truth emerged. The reports were 1454 01:04:26,960 --> 01:04:31,760 false. Litzay had no connection to the 1455 01:04:29,440 --> 01:04:34,240 resistance and the assassins had never 1456 01:04:31,760 --> 01:04:38,079 set foot there. Yet the truth meant 1457 01:04:34,240 --> 01:04:41,039 nothing to the Nazis. After Litay, 1458 01:04:38,079 --> 01:04:44,400 rumors spread that every tenth check was 1459 01:04:41,039 --> 01:04:46,319 to be shot. Despite the wave of terror 1460 01:04:44,400 --> 01:04:47,920 that engulfed the population, the 1461 01:04:46,319 --> 01:04:50,240 assassins were still nowhere to be 1462 01:04:47,920 --> 01:04:53,359 found. The massacre and destruction of 1463 01:04:50,240 --> 01:04:56,480 Litay failed to achieve the Gestapo's 1464 01:04:53,359 --> 01:04:58,480 intended goal. No one stepped forward 1465 01:04:56,480 --> 01:05:01,440 with clues or evidence about the 1466 01:04:58,480 --> 01:05:03,280 assassin's whereabouts. Frustrated, the 1467 01:05:01,440 --> 01:05:06,240 Nazis warned that if the culprits were 1468 01:05:03,280 --> 01:05:08,079 not handed over by June 18th, more 1469 01:05:06,240 --> 01:05:10,640 executions would follow across the 1470 01:05:08,079 --> 01:05:14,160 territory. In the wake of this threat, 1471 01:05:10,640 --> 01:05:17,760 the Nazis received nearly 2,000 tips, 1472 01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:21,280 one of them from a man named Carl Chura. 1473 01:05:17,760 --> 01:05:24,319 Chura himself was a resistance fighter. 1474 01:05:21,280 --> 01:05:27,760 But after witnessing the fate of Litay, 1475 01:05:24,319 --> 01:05:29,920 he became terrified. As a result, he 1476 01:05:27,760 --> 01:05:33,520 betrayed the cause for the safety of his 1477 01:05:29,920 --> 01:05:36,240 family. On June 16th, 1942, he went to 1478 01:05:33,520 --> 01:05:38,000 the Gestapo headquarters in Prague. 1479 01:05:36,240 --> 01:05:40,960 Although Chura did not know the 1480 01:05:38,000 --> 01:05:43,280 assassin's exact present location, he 1481 01:05:40,960 --> 01:05:46,079 provided the Gestapo with the addresses 1482 01:05:43,280 --> 01:05:48,799 of various safe houses they had used. 1483 01:05:46,079 --> 01:05:50,799 The Gestapo raided these safe houses and 1484 01:05:48,799 --> 01:05:52,559 after interrogation they learned that 1485 01:05:50,799 --> 01:05:56,079 the assassins were hiding in the church 1486 01:05:52,559 --> 01:06:00,559 of Sirill and Methodius in Prague. Ysef 1487 01:05:56,079 --> 01:06:02,480 Gabchic, Yan Kubish, Ysef Valic and four 1488 01:06:00,559 --> 01:06:04,480 other Czech and Slovak resistance 1489 01:06:02,480 --> 01:06:07,280 fighters were holed up inside the church 1490 01:06:04,480 --> 01:06:11,520 of Saints Sirill and Mthodius. On the 1491 01:06:07,280 --> 01:06:14,799 morning of June 18th, 1942, 750 heavily 1492 01:06:11,520 --> 01:06:18,160 armed SS troops and Gestapo officers 1493 01:06:14,799 --> 01:06:20,400 surrounded the church. The Nazis sealed 1494 01:06:18,160 --> 01:06:23,039 off the surrounding streets, placing 1495 01:06:20,400 --> 01:06:25,280 machine guns at key points. They were 1496 01:06:23,039 --> 01:06:28,400 determined that no one inside would 1497 01:06:25,280 --> 01:06:30,559 escape alive. At around 4:00 a.m., the 1498 01:06:28,400 --> 01:06:33,680 assault began. 1499 01:06:30,559 --> 01:06:35,440 German troops stormed into the church 1500 01:06:33,680 --> 01:06:38,240 where they found three members of the 1501 01:06:35,440 --> 01:06:40,559 resistance, including Kubish and Valick, 1502 01:06:38,240 --> 01:06:44,079 positioned in the upper gallery. A 1503 01:06:40,559 --> 01:06:46,240 fierce gun battle erupted. 1504 01:06:44,079 --> 01:06:48,240 Bullets tore through the church's sacred 1505 01:06:46,240 --> 01:06:50,640 walls as the resistance fighters 1506 01:06:48,240 --> 01:06:53,640 returned fire with pistols and Sten 1507 01:06:50,640 --> 01:06:53,640 guns. 1508 01:07:02,799 --> 01:07:07,280 For over two hours, the upper floor 1509 01:07:05,200 --> 01:07:09,599 became a war zone until the fighters 1510 01:07:07,280 --> 01:07:12,559 were either mortally wounded or killed. 1511 01:07:09,599 --> 01:07:15,359 Valchic fought bravely, but was killed 1512 01:07:12,559 --> 01:07:17,760 in the firefight. Kubish was gravely 1513 01:07:15,359 --> 01:07:20,559 wounded and later died from his 1514 01:07:17,760 --> 01:07:22,799 injuries. Meanwhile, Gabchic and three 1515 01:07:20,559 --> 01:07:24,960 other resistance fighters were hiding in 1516 01:07:22,799 --> 01:07:26,799 the church's crypt beneath the floor, 1517 01:07:24,960 --> 01:07:29,680 accessible only by a narrow hidden 1518 01:07:26,799 --> 01:07:32,000 entrance. 1519 01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:33,440 >> Jose, 1520 01:07:32,000 --> 01:07:35,119 you should surrender now and save 1521 01:07:33,440 --> 01:07:38,599 yourselves. 1522 01:07:35,119 --> 01:07:38,599 >> Do you hear me? 1523 01:07:39,520 --> 01:07:44,000 >> Through the traitor, Carl Chura, the 1524 01:07:42,400 --> 01:07:46,400 Nazis demanded that the remaining 1525 01:07:44,000 --> 01:07:51,240 resistance fighters surrender. You will 1526 01:07:46,400 --> 01:07:51,240 be treated humanely as prisoners of war. 1527 01:07:52,640 --> 01:07:57,920 >> We will never surrender. 1528 01:07:54,559 --> 01:08:00,720 >> But Gabchic and the others opened fire 1529 01:07:57,920 --> 01:08:02,559 and their reply was simple. We will 1530 01:08:00,720 --> 01:08:05,440 never surrender. 1531 01:08:02,559 --> 01:08:07,280 The Germans poured in tear gas, fired 1532 01:08:05,440 --> 01:08:09,680 through the floor, and even tried 1533 01:08:07,280 --> 01:08:12,480 flooding the chamber, but the men below 1534 01:08:09,680 --> 01:08:14,480 fought back relentlessly. They were not 1535 01:08:12,480 --> 01:08:17,359 seeking escape. They were holding their 1536 01:08:14,480 --> 01:08:19,759 ground. For hours they returned fire, 1537 01:08:17,359 --> 01:08:22,080 refusing to surrender. 1538 01:08:19,759 --> 01:08:24,319 When their ammunition was nearly gone, 1539 01:08:22,080 --> 01:08:26,000 each man saved a final bullet for 1540 01:08:24,319 --> 01:08:28,560 himself. 1541 01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:30,080 Gabchic and the men made their final 1542 01:08:28,560 --> 01:08:32,560 choice. 1543 01:08:30,080 --> 01:08:35,520 One by one, they turned their pistols on 1544 01:08:32,560 --> 01:08:37,759 themselves, not in defeat, but to deny 1545 01:08:35,520 --> 01:08:40,719 the Nazis the triumph of taking them 1546 01:08:37,759 --> 01:08:43,520 alive. When the Germans finally smashed 1547 01:08:40,719 --> 01:08:45,279 into the crypt, all they found were the 1548 01:08:43,520 --> 01:08:47,359 lifeless bodies of the men who had 1549 01:08:45,279 --> 01:08:49,759 assassinated Reinhardt Hydrich. 1550 01:08:47,359 --> 01:08:52,640 Meanwhile, on the other hand, Chura had 1551 01:08:49,759 --> 01:08:55,440 received his reward. Had Chura not 1552 01:08:52,640 --> 01:08:57,600 betrayed the cause. Perhaps after the 1553 01:08:55,440 --> 01:08:59,679 war, these men would have been telling 1554 01:08:57,600 --> 01:09:03,279 the story of Heddrich's assassination in 1555 01:08:59,679 --> 01:09:05,759 their own words. Imagine Gabchic himself 1556 01:09:03,279 --> 01:09:08,080 recounting the moment when his Stan gun 1557 01:09:05,759 --> 01:09:10,880 jammed right in front of Hydrickch and 1558 01:09:08,080 --> 01:09:14,159 what went through his mind in that split 1559 01:09:10,880 --> 01:09:16,960 second. Surrounded, outnumbered, and 1560 01:09:14,159 --> 01:09:19,520 wounded, they fought to the last breath. 1561 01:09:16,960 --> 01:09:22,719 Not for medals, not for fame, but for 1562 01:09:19,520 --> 01:09:24,880 the dream of a free homeland. Today, 1563 01:09:22,719 --> 01:09:27,199 their story stands as a reminder that 1564 01:09:24,880 --> 01:09:29,679 even the mightiest tyrant can be brought 1565 01:09:27,199 --> 01:09:32,080 low by the courage of the few. My name 1566 01:09:29,679 --> 01:09:34,239 is Roger and this film was my humble 1567 01:09:32,080 --> 01:09:38,279 tribute to the men who laid down their 1568 01:09:34,239 --> 01:09:38,279 lives for their motherland.113364

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