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♪ [ trumpet ]
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A hundred years ago,
3
00:00:22,326 --> 00:00:24,763
when the United States
acquired the area,
4
00:00:24,807 --> 00:00:25,982
the people of
what became known
5
00:00:26,026 --> 00:00:28,071
as the territory
of New Mexico,
6
00:00:28,115 --> 00:00:30,378
continued many
of the old Spanish traditions
7
00:00:30,421 --> 00:00:33,250
including the system
of peonage.
8
00:00:33,294 --> 00:00:35,122
The Spanish word "peón"
9
00:00:35,165 --> 00:00:37,733
gave natural birth
to the English word "pawn,"
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00:00:37,776 --> 00:00:41,084
because a peon was a person
whose body was in hock
11
00:00:41,128 --> 00:00:43,434
as security for a debt.
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00:00:43,478 --> 00:00:46,742
In many ways, a peon was
worse off than a slave.
13
00:00:46,785 --> 00:00:49,049
The people of the territory
accepted the system
14
00:00:49,092 --> 00:00:51,312
without argument however,
until...
15
00:00:51,355 --> 00:00:52,748
well, until...
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Mariana! Mariana!
17
00:01:08,024 --> 00:01:09,373
Yes, papa?
18
00:01:09,417 --> 00:01:12,637
Oh, you look
so pretty today.
19
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Gracias.
20
00:01:13,986 --> 00:01:17,425
I am so sorry, Mariana.About what?
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00:01:17,468 --> 00:01:20,906
Well, if we were still rich,
I would buy you pretty dresses
22
00:01:20,950 --> 00:01:23,039
with the silver buttons.
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I know you would,
24
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but don't you worry,
I'm happy as it is.
25
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But I would like
to see you more happy.
26
00:01:29,393 --> 00:01:31,482
I will be one day.
27
00:01:31,526 --> 00:01:33,267
Now what did you
call me for?
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00:01:33,310 --> 00:01:36,444
When you go to the market,
you go to the SeñorFranklin.
29
00:01:36,487 --> 00:01:38,707
You tell him
I must talk to him, eh?
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Sí.
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Mariana!
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You forgot the rebozo.
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I didn't forget.
The sun is so nice today.
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But the head of a girl,
it must be covered.
35
00:01:51,546 --> 00:01:52,677
Why?
36
00:01:52,721 --> 00:01:54,505
Because that is--
37
00:01:54,549 --> 00:01:58,422
Well, just because
it is right.
38
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Does the Bible say that?
39
00:02:01,208 --> 00:02:02,470
No.
40
00:02:02,513 --> 00:02:04,080
And if I don't put on
the rebozo,
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00:02:04,124 --> 00:02:05,386
will it hurt somebody?
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It is how a girl does.
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Always.
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00:02:08,215 --> 00:02:10,130
No, I didn't wear it
all the time
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00:02:10,173 --> 00:02:12,001
in school
at the convent.
46
00:02:12,044 --> 00:02:13,785
But this is Taos,
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00:02:13,829 --> 00:02:16,353
and a girl should wear
the rebozo.
48
00:02:16,397 --> 00:02:19,051
It has always
been that way.
49
00:02:19,095 --> 00:02:21,053
Just because
something is old
50
00:02:21,097 --> 00:02:22,794
does not mean
it is always right.
51
00:02:22,838 --> 00:02:24,883
Mariana...
52
00:02:24,927 --> 00:02:27,973
But if it will please you,
I will wear it.
53
00:03:06,969 --> 00:03:08,666
You came early today.
54
00:03:08,710 --> 00:03:10,015
Because I am happy.
55
00:03:10,059 --> 00:03:11,452
And why is that?
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00:03:11,495 --> 00:03:13,802
Today, I speak
with my patrón.
57
00:03:13,845 --> 00:03:15,804
I tell him
I want to marry.
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00:03:15,847 --> 00:03:18,720
He say yes.
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00:03:18,763 --> 00:03:21,679
Mariana, he say yes.
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00:03:21,723 --> 00:03:25,683
He says yes?
Why did you ask him?
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00:03:25,727 --> 00:03:27,511
He's my patrón.
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00:03:28,686 --> 00:03:32,037
He owns the burro.
He does not own you.
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00:03:32,081 --> 00:03:33,909
He is a good patrón.
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00:03:33,952 --> 00:03:36,128
He says he will speak
with the Padre
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and arrange for us
to be married here
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inside the church.
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That costs many dollars.
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He will pay.
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How much?
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Cuarenta.
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00:03:47,227 --> 00:03:50,099
$40?
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A good patrón!
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00:03:52,101 --> 00:03:54,103
That is almost as much
as he pays you to work
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00:03:54,146 --> 00:03:55,887
for one year.
75
00:03:55,931 --> 00:03:58,238
He will add it to what
I already owe now.
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00:03:58,281 --> 00:04:01,066
He always finds a way
so you owe more,
77
00:04:01,110 --> 00:04:04,069
more dollars,
more years to work.
78
00:04:04,113 --> 00:04:05,245
There is time.
79
00:04:05,288 --> 00:04:06,942
We are not old.
80
00:04:06,985 --> 00:04:10,250
Many peónsdo not get
to be old.
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00:04:10,293 --> 00:04:11,947
How much do you owe
the patrón?
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00:04:13,078 --> 00:04:14,471
Ask him.
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00:04:14,515 --> 00:04:18,040
Then you must find
a way to pay him.
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00:04:18,083 --> 00:04:20,129
All right, Mariana.
85
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Today, when I bring the wood,
I will speak with your father.
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00:04:23,219 --> 00:04:25,439
If he says yes,
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00:04:25,482 --> 00:04:28,311
then I will find a way.
88
00:04:28,355 --> 00:04:30,139
For you, Mariana...
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00:04:30,182 --> 00:04:31,967
I can do anything.
90
00:04:47,635 --> 00:04:50,202
Well, you're just
in time for a drink.
91
00:04:50,246 --> 00:04:52,596
SeñorFranklin,
I pay you to be my lawyer,
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00:04:52,640 --> 00:04:54,206
I do not pay you to drink.
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[ laughs ]
You couldn't afford it.
94
00:04:57,122 --> 00:04:59,342
Not even you've got
enough money to pay me
95
00:04:59,386 --> 00:05:01,953
to drink this slops.
96
00:05:01,997 --> 00:05:04,347
Why, back East, we use
better tasting stuff than this
97
00:05:04,391 --> 00:05:06,523
to wash windows.
98
00:05:06,567 --> 00:05:07,872
You stop drinking or...
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00:05:07,916 --> 00:05:10,701
Or what?
100
00:05:10,745 --> 00:05:14,618
SeñorRomero,
don't try to scare me.
101
00:05:14,662 --> 00:05:16,794
Last year,
I came out here to die.
102
00:05:16,838 --> 00:05:18,622
Well, I didn't do it.
103
00:05:18,666 --> 00:05:19,841
The way I figure it,
104
00:05:19,884 --> 00:05:22,452
this aguardientetastes
so horrible,
105
00:05:22,496 --> 00:05:24,062
the good Lord
wouldn't accept me
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00:05:24,106 --> 00:05:26,326
if I had any of it in me.
107
00:05:26,369 --> 00:05:27,849
You know,
I can't understand
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00:05:27,892 --> 00:05:31,374
why it doesn't leak
clear through the glass.
109
00:05:31,418 --> 00:05:36,161
SeñoritaJaramillo,
come in, come in, come in.
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Jaramillo? Sí.
111
00:05:38,076 --> 00:05:39,121
Yes.
112
00:05:39,164 --> 00:05:41,384
Domingo, the bootmaker,
is her father.
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00:05:41,428 --> 00:05:43,517
He wants you to come
for your new one.
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00:05:43,560 --> 00:05:45,649
You tell your father
Don José wants the money
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00:05:45,693 --> 00:05:47,564
for the hides he uses
to make his boots.
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00:05:47,608 --> 00:05:50,132
Those hides come
from El RanchoRomero.
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00:05:50,175 --> 00:05:51,568
He will pay
when it is time.
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00:05:51,612 --> 00:05:52,743
He is honest.
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00:05:52,787 --> 00:05:53,831
He knows better
than his daughter
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00:05:53,875 --> 00:05:55,267
how to speak
to an hacendado.
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00:05:55,311 --> 00:05:58,488
Tell your father
I'll be over after siesta.
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00:05:58,532 --> 00:06:00,360
Gracias. De nada.
123
00:06:07,279 --> 00:06:10,761
Next week, you bring some
more dry wood, eh, Pedro?
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Sí.
125
00:06:12,415 --> 00:06:14,025
Señor...
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00:06:14,069 --> 00:06:17,638
SeñorJaramillo,
today I speak with my patrón.
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00:06:17,681 --> 00:06:20,771
He said if I want
to marry, it's okay.
128
00:06:20,815 --> 00:06:23,034
Well, that is good.
129
00:06:23,078 --> 00:06:25,646
The girl,
she is a lucky one.
130
00:06:25,689 --> 00:06:27,952
She gets a good man,
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00:06:27,996 --> 00:06:29,737
a strong one.
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00:06:29,780 --> 00:06:32,914
Oh, señor,for so long,
I have been so afraid.
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Afraid?
134
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Afraid to ask you.
135
00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:37,440
To ask me?
136
00:06:37,484 --> 00:06:39,921
Why? I'm not your patrón.
I have nothing--
137
00:06:40,965 --> 00:06:43,620
Pedro...
138
00:06:43,664 --> 00:06:45,405
It is my Mariana!
139
00:06:45,448 --> 00:06:46,841
Why, yes.
140
00:06:52,020 --> 00:06:53,543
SeñorJaramillo,
141
00:06:53,587 --> 00:06:57,852
I think I can make
Mariana very happy.
142
00:06:57,895 --> 00:06:59,419
No, Pedro.
143
00:06:59,462 --> 00:07:01,072
But why, señor?
144
00:07:01,116 --> 00:07:03,074
Pedro...
145
00:07:03,118 --> 00:07:04,249
A man, a woman,
146
00:07:04,293 --> 00:07:06,469
if they have never
had any money,
147
00:07:06,513 --> 00:07:09,472
to be poor is not
a bad thing,
148
00:07:09,516 --> 00:07:12,562
but...if they have
had the money,
149
00:07:12,606 --> 00:07:15,435
then become poor...
150
00:07:15,478 --> 00:07:17,045
they are not happy.
151
00:07:17,088 --> 00:07:19,526
When I was a rich man,
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00:07:19,569 --> 00:07:21,702
Mariana,
she went to school.
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00:07:21,745 --> 00:07:23,834
She had many
pretty dresses,
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00:07:23,878 --> 00:07:27,490
nice, nice things,
155
00:07:27,534 --> 00:07:28,926
but now...
156
00:07:28,970 --> 00:07:31,581
now she is poor.
157
00:07:31,625 --> 00:07:33,757
No. No, Pedro.
158
00:07:33,801 --> 00:07:35,977
She will not
be the good wife
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for the peón.
160
00:07:37,326 --> 00:07:40,721
But I will not always
be a peón, señor.
161
00:07:40,764 --> 00:07:42,113
I will get the money.
162
00:07:42,157 --> 00:07:43,463
Where?
163
00:07:43,506 --> 00:07:45,073
I'll get it,
164
00:07:45,116 --> 00:07:46,901
and then I'll pay my patrón
all that I owe him.
165
00:07:46,944 --> 00:07:48,380
Pedro...
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00:07:48,424 --> 00:07:50,426
Pedro, you are a good man,
167
00:07:50,470 --> 00:07:52,515
strong and smart,
168
00:07:52,559 --> 00:07:53,951
but you will not
get the money.
169
00:07:53,995 --> 00:07:55,518
I promise I will!
170
00:07:55,562 --> 00:07:56,998
Every peón,
when he is young,
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00:07:57,041 --> 00:07:59,130
says he will get the money,
pay the patrón,
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00:07:59,174 --> 00:08:00,523
but it's talk,
only talk.
173
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I will!
174
00:08:02,351 --> 00:08:05,528
For how many years
have you been the peón,Pedro?
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00:08:05,572 --> 00:08:07,574
Since I was eight-years-old.
176
00:08:07,617 --> 00:08:09,532
There, you see?
It is only talk.
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00:08:09,576 --> 00:08:12,143
But before today,
I have never tried.
178
00:08:12,187 --> 00:08:15,625
Now I'll get it.
I'll get the money.
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00:08:15,669 --> 00:08:18,889
If it is the will of God,
but Pedro, in my years,
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00:08:18,933 --> 00:08:21,892
I have seen
so many peónes.
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00:08:21,936 --> 00:08:24,112
Not like me, señor.
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00:08:24,155 --> 00:08:26,288
I will be a free man.
183
00:08:26,331 --> 00:08:27,855
We will see.
184
00:08:29,857 --> 00:08:32,903
I swear it![ chuckles ]
185
00:08:32,947 --> 00:08:35,166
You do not think
I can do it?
186
00:08:35,210 --> 00:08:36,864
I have heard
the same words
187
00:08:36,907 --> 00:08:38,822
so many times.
188
00:08:38,866 --> 00:08:42,043
If I become a free man,
189
00:08:42,086 --> 00:08:46,395
then you will say yes
for Mariana and me.
190
00:08:46,438 --> 00:08:49,267
Whenyou are free.
191
00:08:56,144 --> 00:08:57,188
Jaramillo?
192
00:08:57,232 --> 00:08:58,320
Don José!
193
00:08:58,363 --> 00:08:59,887
Buenos días, señor.
194
00:08:59,930 --> 00:09:02,585
I expected to see you
at my ranchothis morning.
195
00:09:02,629 --> 00:09:04,848
Oh, because I could not.
196
00:09:04,892 --> 00:09:06,633
Your daughter tells me
you are an honest man.
197
00:09:06,676 --> 00:09:07,938
She said you would pay.
198
00:09:07,982 --> 00:09:09,505
It is true.
199
00:09:09,549 --> 00:09:13,117
I have almost
all of the money.
200
00:09:13,161 --> 00:09:14,292
Almost.
201
00:09:14,336 --> 00:09:16,599
$51 I still owe to you,
202
00:09:16,643 --> 00:09:19,297
but Don José,
I will pay it.
203
00:09:19,341 --> 00:09:21,996
The Judge from Santa Fe
will come here next week.
204
00:09:22,039 --> 00:09:25,260
If you do not pay,
he will put you in jail.
205
00:09:25,303 --> 00:09:29,003
If you are in jail,
you can't make money.
206
00:09:29,046 --> 00:09:31,266
Uh...
207
00:09:31,309 --> 00:09:34,704
Maybe I won't tell
the Judge.
208
00:09:34,748 --> 00:09:38,316
That is, if you are
agreeable to one condition.
209
00:09:38,360 --> 00:09:40,101
One condition, señor?
210
00:09:40,144 --> 00:09:42,625
That your daughter works
for El RanchoRomero.
211
00:09:42,669 --> 00:09:44,105
You...
212
00:09:44,148 --> 00:09:46,629
You mean my daughter...
213
00:09:46,673 --> 00:09:48,544
She will be my peón.
214
00:09:48,588 --> 00:09:51,025
You want Mariana
to be a peón?
215
00:09:51,068 --> 00:09:54,028
You owe me $51.
It is very little money.
216
00:09:54,071 --> 00:09:57,335
Why, she'll be a peón
less than a year.
217
00:09:57,379 --> 00:09:59,947
My name is Jaramillo.
218
00:09:59,990 --> 00:10:02,906
My people are not peóns.
219
00:10:02,950 --> 00:10:05,822
Our name is in big books.
220
00:10:05,866 --> 00:10:07,824
My Mariana,
she show this to me
221
00:10:07,868 --> 00:10:09,696
when she was in the school.
222
00:10:09,739 --> 00:10:12,046
Four hundred years ago,
223
00:10:12,089 --> 00:10:14,657
when Coronado,
he came here
224
00:10:14,701 --> 00:10:16,267
with the soldiers--
225
00:10:16,311 --> 00:10:19,836
The big soldier!
You know his name?
226
00:10:19,880 --> 00:10:20,837
No.
227
00:10:20,881 --> 00:10:23,884
Miguel Jaramillo.
228
00:10:23,927 --> 00:10:26,234
But, uh...
229
00:10:26,277 --> 00:10:28,628
Miguel Jaramillo is dead
a very long time.
230
00:10:28,671 --> 00:10:29,977
He cannot pay me.
231
00:10:30,020 --> 00:10:31,761
Domingo Jaramillo is alive.
232
00:10:31,805 --> 00:10:33,067
He pays Don José
233
00:10:33,110 --> 00:10:35,809
or Mariana works
at El RanchoRomero.
234
00:10:39,464 --> 00:10:42,903
No! No! My Mariana,
she will not be the peón!
235
00:10:42,946 --> 00:10:44,774
When the Judge comes,
you tell him that!
236
00:10:44,818 --> 00:10:47,690
When you are in jail,
237
00:10:47,734 --> 00:10:49,170
how will she get
the money to eat,
238
00:10:49,213 --> 00:10:50,388
to live?
239
00:10:50,432 --> 00:10:52,129
Oh, think, Jaramillo.
240
00:10:52,173 --> 00:10:53,783
Use your brain.
241
00:10:53,827 --> 00:10:56,438
When you are in jail,
she'll be helpless.
242
00:10:56,481 --> 00:10:58,701
No food, no money,
243
00:10:58,745 --> 00:11:00,485
nothing!
244
00:11:00,529 --> 00:11:03,097
No. No!
245
00:11:03,140 --> 00:11:04,576
Listen to me!
246
00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:06,709
I tell you
what is good for you.
247
00:11:06,753 --> 00:11:07,884
Let her work for me.
248
00:11:07,928 --> 00:11:09,973
Each month,
I pay her $5.
249
00:11:10,017 --> 00:11:12,062
Also, you sell boots
and make money.
250
00:11:12,106 --> 00:11:13,760
She will be free
in no time.
251
00:11:13,803 --> 00:11:15,675
Oh, you have no choice,
old man.
252
00:11:16,937 --> 00:11:18,808
All right.
253
00:11:18,852 --> 00:11:20,201
All right.
254
00:11:20,244 --> 00:11:22,420
She will be...
255
00:11:22,464 --> 00:11:24,771
your peón.
256
00:11:24,814 --> 00:11:26,468
Muy bien.
257
00:11:38,741 --> 00:11:40,743
Papa, you are all right?
258
00:11:40,787 --> 00:11:44,878
My little one, I have come
from El RanchoRomero.
259
00:11:44,921 --> 00:11:46,880
That ranchois a bad place.
260
00:11:46,923 --> 00:11:47,794
You should buy
the hide you need
261
00:11:47,837 --> 00:11:50,666
from the other ranchos.
262
00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:52,494
I...
263
00:11:52,537 --> 00:11:56,585
I was there
to sign a paper.
264
00:11:56,628 --> 00:11:58,630
A paper?
What kind of a paper?
265
00:11:58,674 --> 00:12:02,547
This paper, it says...
266
00:12:02,591 --> 00:12:03,766
Mariana...
267
00:12:03,810 --> 00:12:06,595
it says you are a peón.
268
00:12:07,944 --> 00:12:10,817
No.
269
00:12:10,860 --> 00:12:12,296
Oh, no!
270
00:12:12,340 --> 00:12:13,994
But soon,
I will pay Don José,
271
00:12:14,037 --> 00:12:16,605
and then--
then you will be free!
272
00:12:16,648 --> 00:12:17,998
I will not go!
273
00:12:18,041 --> 00:12:21,131
But-- But I have signed
this paper!
274
00:12:21,175 --> 00:12:24,004
Don José does not own me.
I am free.
275
00:12:24,047 --> 00:12:26,354
I own Mariana Jaramillo.
276
00:12:26,397 --> 00:12:28,965
No, no, my little one.
I am so sorry,
277
00:12:29,009 --> 00:12:31,881
but it is not so.
278
00:12:31,925 --> 00:12:33,840
It is all wrong.
279
00:12:33,883 --> 00:12:36,973
Men, women,
they should not be peóns.
280
00:12:37,017 --> 00:12:41,673
Don José owns many animals,
a big rancho,a hacienda.
281
00:12:41,717 --> 00:12:43,066
That is all right,
282
00:12:43,110 --> 00:12:47,418
but to own people,
that is a bad thing.
283
00:12:47,462 --> 00:12:50,944
It is the way of life.
284
00:12:50,987 --> 00:12:52,902
Always...
285
00:12:52,946 --> 00:12:57,037
some people are peóns.
286
00:12:57,080 --> 00:12:59,735
I will not go
to Don José! Never!
287
00:12:59,779 --> 00:13:00,823
Mariana!
288
00:13:00,867 --> 00:13:02,825
Mariana!
289
00:13:05,828 --> 00:13:08,396
Pedro! Pedro!
290
00:13:08,439 --> 00:13:09,789
Sí, señor?
291
00:13:12,792 --> 00:13:14,184
Go on in the courtyard.
292
00:13:14,228 --> 00:13:15,272
But señor--
293
00:13:15,316 --> 00:13:16,796
Don't argue with me.
294
00:13:16,839 --> 00:13:18,623
Now come down
to the saloon...
295
00:13:18,667 --> 00:13:20,887
when you want
your elephants.
296
00:13:20,930 --> 00:13:21,844
Go on. Scoot!
297
00:13:21,888 --> 00:13:24,673
Go! Vamoose! Shoo!
298
00:13:26,893 --> 00:13:28,242
Pedro!
299
00:13:28,285 --> 00:13:29,852
Mariana!
300
00:13:29,896 --> 00:13:31,767
I waited by the church.
301
00:13:31,811 --> 00:13:33,508
When you didn't come,
I was afraid.
302
00:13:33,551 --> 00:13:35,858
If I went there,
Don José's men would find me.
303
00:13:35,902 --> 00:13:38,818
Don José?
Don José Romero?
304
00:13:38,861 --> 00:13:42,343
Today, my father made me
a peónfor Don José.
305
00:13:42,386 --> 00:13:43,344
No.
306
00:13:43,387 --> 00:13:44,824
When he told me,
I ran away.
307
00:13:44,867 --> 00:13:47,609
Now Don José has his men
searching for me.
308
00:13:47,652 --> 00:13:49,263
SeñorFranklin
is my friend,
309
00:13:49,306 --> 00:13:51,178
so I came here.
310
00:13:54,442 --> 00:13:56,879
What are we going to do?
311
00:13:56,923 --> 00:14:00,491
SeñorFranklin says
I can take his horse.
312
00:14:00,535 --> 00:14:02,885
To run away? Sí,to Santa Fe.
313
00:14:02,929 --> 00:14:05,279
I can work in the school
at the convent.
314
00:14:05,322 --> 00:14:07,585
Santa Fe is so far away.
315
00:14:07,629 --> 00:14:11,111
I must go quickly
or Don José's men
will find me.
316
00:14:11,154 --> 00:14:12,460
You can hide here.
317
00:14:12,503 --> 00:14:13,896
Here in Taos?
318
00:14:13,940 --> 00:14:14,941
Sí.
319
00:14:14,984 --> 00:14:16,725
I know a place
where you can hide,
320
00:14:16,768 --> 00:14:18,858
a good place
where no one will find you.
321
00:14:18,901 --> 00:14:19,859
Where?
322
00:14:19,902 --> 00:14:21,686
Here in the church.
323
00:14:21,730 --> 00:14:24,167
Come. Come with me.
324
00:14:26,953 --> 00:14:28,911
Mariana, you hide in here,
325
00:14:28,955 --> 00:14:30,913
in the backroom
where the Padresleeps.
326
00:14:30,957 --> 00:14:32,654
It is only one room.
He will see me.
327
00:14:32,697 --> 00:14:35,091
He is not here.
He went away this morning
into the mountains.
328
00:14:35,135 --> 00:14:36,397
But he will come back.
329
00:14:36,440 --> 00:14:37,702
No, not until Sunday.
330
00:14:37,746 --> 00:14:39,704
Each day,
I will bring you food.
331
00:14:39,748 --> 00:14:41,924
But Sunday is only
three days away.
332
00:14:41,968 --> 00:14:43,708
Before Sunday,
I will find a new place,
333
00:14:43,752 --> 00:14:46,886
a place that is near
so I can come to you.
334
00:14:46,929 --> 00:14:49,976
If it is near,
Don José's men will find me.
335
00:14:50,019 --> 00:14:51,891
Then I will kill them.
336
00:14:51,934 --> 00:14:52,935
He has many men.
337
00:14:52,979 --> 00:14:54,894
If you fight,
he will kill you.
338
00:14:54,937 --> 00:14:56,112
Then I will die for you.
339
00:14:56,156 --> 00:14:57,766
No!
340
00:14:57,809 --> 00:14:59,811
Mariana, I love you.
341
00:14:59,855 --> 00:15:02,249
I love you. That is why
I will not let you die.
342
00:15:02,292 --> 00:15:04,816
If you love me,
then you must stay here.
343
00:15:04,860 --> 00:15:07,907
No, I will not
be a peón.Never!
344
00:15:07,950 --> 00:15:10,344
I will hide in the church
until it is dark.
345
00:15:10,387 --> 00:15:12,346
Then I will get the horse
from SeñorFranklin,
346
00:15:12,389 --> 00:15:15,001
and I will go to Santa Fe.
347
00:15:15,044 --> 00:15:17,133
Then I go, too.
348
00:15:17,177 --> 00:15:18,830
To Santa Fe?
349
00:15:18,874 --> 00:15:20,310
Sí.
350
00:15:20,354 --> 00:15:24,575
Tonight, I'll get the horse,
and we'll go to Santa Fe.
351
00:15:29,798 --> 00:15:31,147
Now you tell me,
352
00:15:31,191 --> 00:15:33,671
where is she?
353
00:15:33,715 --> 00:15:34,934
I don't know.
354
00:15:34,977 --> 00:15:37,197
By Santa Maria,
I swear it.
355
00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:40,330
You tell me
or I will kill you!
356
00:15:40,374 --> 00:15:43,116
Don José--
Don José, listen to me!
357
00:15:43,159 --> 00:15:44,465
Talk!
358
00:15:44,508 --> 00:15:46,510
The Judge,
he comes today,
from Santa Fe.
359
00:15:46,554 --> 00:15:47,511
I know.
360
00:15:47,555 --> 00:15:49,078
You come inside.
361
00:15:49,122 --> 00:15:51,080
I will give you
a new paper.
362
00:15:51,124 --> 00:15:52,081
For what?
363
00:15:52,125 --> 00:15:53,735
You take it to the Judge.
364
00:15:53,778 --> 00:15:56,912
On this paper,
you write that I...
365
00:15:56,956 --> 00:15:58,696
I am your peón.
366
00:15:58,740 --> 00:16:01,395
You? I don't need
old peóns.
367
00:16:01,438 --> 00:16:03,049
I will make
the boots for you
368
00:16:03,092 --> 00:16:05,965
and for the vaqueros
at el rancho.
369
00:16:06,008 --> 00:16:07,270
Good boots.
370
00:16:07,314 --> 00:16:08,924
Mariana is my peón.
371
00:16:13,189 --> 00:16:14,234
Where are you going?
372
00:16:14,277 --> 00:16:16,714
I go to find the Judge.
373
00:16:16,758 --> 00:16:19,674
I will ask him
to put me into the jail.
374
00:16:19,717 --> 00:16:20,849
No.
375
00:16:20,892 --> 00:16:24,287
You didn't break the law.
Mariana did.
376
00:16:24,331 --> 00:16:27,290
When my peónsfind her,
she will go to jail.
377
00:16:27,334 --> 00:16:31,207
Then she will work
at El RanchoRomero!
378
00:16:31,251 --> 00:16:32,252
PEDRO:Señor!
379
00:16:32,295 --> 00:16:33,993
SeñorJaramillo.
380
00:16:34,036 --> 00:16:35,690
Your name is Pedro?
381
00:16:35,733 --> 00:16:36,734
Sí.
382
00:16:40,956 --> 00:16:43,611
To a Spaniard,
you say, "Sí, señor."
383
00:16:43,654 --> 00:16:45,439
Sí, señor.
384
00:16:45,482 --> 00:16:47,789
My men have told me
about you...
385
00:16:47,832 --> 00:16:49,443
about you and the girl.
386
00:16:49,486 --> 00:16:52,837
You came here to tell him
where Mariana hides.
387
00:16:52,881 --> 00:16:53,838
No, señor.
388
00:16:53,882 --> 00:16:55,318
I come to bring wood.
389
00:16:55,362 --> 00:16:57,233
You know where
Mariana hides!
390
00:16:57,277 --> 00:16:59,105
No, señor!
391
00:17:01,846 --> 00:17:02,847
Don José!
392
00:17:02,891 --> 00:17:05,285
Now you tell me
or you die.
393
00:17:05,328 --> 00:17:08,331
Uno...
394
00:17:08,375 --> 00:17:10,725
dos...
395
00:17:10,768 --> 00:17:11,856
Mariana!
396
00:17:11,900 --> 00:17:13,945
Don José!
397
00:17:13,989 --> 00:17:15,686
If the Judge says
I am your peón,
398
00:17:15,730 --> 00:17:17,949
I will come to el rancho.
399
00:17:17,993 --> 00:17:20,430
Muchas gracias.
400
00:17:20,474 --> 00:17:24,347
Mariana, why did you
have to come back?
401
00:17:24,391 --> 00:17:26,262
Because she is smart,
402
00:17:26,306 --> 00:17:28,438
she knows the men of Don José
would find her.
403
00:17:28,482 --> 00:17:31,615
No. I came back
because I want to be free,
404
00:17:31,659 --> 00:17:33,052
and SeñorFranklin says--
405
00:17:33,095 --> 00:17:34,923
SeñorFranklin?
406
00:17:34,966 --> 00:17:37,839
I told him I want
to go to the American Judge.
407
00:17:37,882 --> 00:17:40,276
He will put you in jail
because you ran away.
408
00:17:40,320 --> 00:17:42,844
Mariana, it is the law.
409
00:17:42,887 --> 00:17:45,803
SeñorFranklin says
it is the old law.
410
00:17:45,847 --> 00:17:47,631
He says maybe the Judge
will make a new law
411
00:17:47,675 --> 00:17:49,590
so all peónswill be free.
412
00:17:49,633 --> 00:17:51,244
All peóns?
413
00:17:51,287 --> 00:17:53,246
SeñorFranklin says he will
come with me to the Judge
414
00:17:53,289 --> 00:17:54,856
and speak for me.
415
00:17:54,899 --> 00:17:56,640
Don't listen
to SeñorFranklin.
416
00:17:56,684 --> 00:17:58,816
He drinks all day.
417
00:17:58,860 --> 00:18:00,644
No, I am your friend.
418
00:18:00,688 --> 00:18:02,864
I don't want
to see you in jail.
419
00:18:02,907 --> 00:18:04,126
You come to el ranchonow,
420
00:18:04,170 --> 00:18:06,085
and I won't tell the Judge
you ran away.
421
00:18:06,128 --> 00:18:07,347
No.
422
00:18:07,390 --> 00:18:09,436
If the Judge says
I am wrong,
423
00:18:09,479 --> 00:18:10,959
then I will go to jail,
424
00:18:11,002 --> 00:18:12,700
but if he says
I am right,
425
00:18:12,743 --> 00:18:15,094
maybe allpeóns
will be free.
426
00:18:31,066 --> 00:18:33,329
I want to impress
on all concerned
427
00:18:33,373 --> 00:18:36,898
that this is a legal court
of justice.
428
00:18:36,941 --> 00:18:39,248
I have moved
the court outdoors
429
00:18:39,292 --> 00:18:42,730
so that all interested people
may attend.
430
00:18:42,773 --> 00:18:46,168
However, this court
is just as official
431
00:18:46,212 --> 00:18:49,780
as it would be
inside that courthouse,
432
00:18:49,824 --> 00:18:51,695
for I am
the United States Judge
433
00:18:51,739 --> 00:18:54,611
for the territory
of New Mexico,
434
00:18:54,655 --> 00:18:57,658
and the court is wherever
I choose to hold it.
435
00:18:59,138 --> 00:19:02,445
This court is now
in session.
436
00:19:02,489 --> 00:19:04,708
And when Jaramillo
could not pay the money
437
00:19:04,752 --> 00:19:06,232
he owes me for the hides,
438
00:19:06,275 --> 00:19:07,798
he signed this paper.
439
00:19:07,842 --> 00:19:09,365
May I see it, please?
440
00:19:09,409 --> 00:19:11,106
Of course.Thank you.
441
00:19:14,588 --> 00:19:17,721
That makes Mariana Jaramillo
my peónuntil the money is paid.
442
00:19:17,765 --> 00:19:19,723
According to this paper,
443
00:19:19,767 --> 00:19:22,422
the girl is to be paid
$5 a month.
444
00:19:22,465 --> 00:19:23,727
That is correct.
445
00:19:23,771 --> 00:19:26,556
But her clothes or food,
everything she needs,
446
00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:29,255
she must buy from
the store at your ranch.
447
00:19:29,298 --> 00:19:31,213
Sí.
448
00:19:31,257 --> 00:19:32,736
And you can charge
whatever you like
449
00:19:32,780 --> 00:19:34,129
for these things.
450
00:19:34,173 --> 00:19:35,739
Well, if she does not
have the money,
451
00:19:35,783 --> 00:19:39,656
then I add it to how much
she already owes me.
452
00:19:39,700 --> 00:19:41,528
At that rate,
she might never pay off
453
00:19:41,571 --> 00:19:43,660
the $51.
454
00:19:43,704 --> 00:19:46,272
Then she will stay my peón.
455
00:19:46,315 --> 00:19:48,404
That is how it has been
since my country Spain
456
00:19:48,448 --> 00:19:50,711
brought civilization
to Mexico.
457
00:19:50,754 --> 00:19:52,321
This is New Mexico.
458
00:19:52,365 --> 00:19:54,976
It was better when it was
a part of old Mexico,
459
00:19:55,019 --> 00:19:56,238
when people like them knew
460
00:19:56,282 --> 00:19:59,850
they were not
as good as Spaniards.
461
00:19:59,894 --> 00:20:01,635
Now, Mariana,
462
00:20:01,678 --> 00:20:03,376
when you were hiding
in the church,
463
00:20:03,419 --> 00:20:04,942
you were safe.
464
00:20:04,986 --> 00:20:06,814
You could have waited
for darkness
465
00:20:06,857 --> 00:20:08,337
and then run to Santa Fe.
466
00:20:08,381 --> 00:20:09,338
You were free.
467
00:20:09,382 --> 00:20:10,731
No, sir.
468
00:20:10,774 --> 00:20:13,821
If I must always run,
if I must always hide,
469
00:20:13,864 --> 00:20:15,953
then I am not free.
470
00:20:15,997 --> 00:20:18,260
When I was a little girl
in school,
471
00:20:18,304 --> 00:20:22,656
I learned how the Americanos
fought to be free.
472
00:20:22,699 --> 00:20:25,267
In the book, it said
that always people have
473
00:20:25,311 --> 00:20:26,573
to fight to be free.
474
00:20:26,616 --> 00:20:28,314
That is why I fight now.
475
00:20:28,357 --> 00:20:30,054
I see.
476
00:20:30,098 --> 00:20:33,754
When this territory became
a part of the United States,
477
00:20:33,797 --> 00:20:35,146
I thought I was free
478
00:20:35,190 --> 00:20:38,149
because my papa became
a citizen of your country.
479
00:20:38,193 --> 00:20:40,108
It's your country, too.
480
00:20:40,151 --> 00:20:44,025
It belongs to all of us.
481
00:20:44,068 --> 00:20:46,636
Thank you. You may go.
482
00:20:50,684 --> 00:20:53,426
Counselor, do you have
a statement?
483
00:20:53,469 --> 00:20:54,775
Yes, I do, Your Honor.
484
00:20:54,818 --> 00:20:56,255
Proceed.
485
00:20:56,298 --> 00:20:58,082
Thank you, Your Honor.
486
00:21:00,737 --> 00:21:03,479
We have proven
that Mariana Jaramillo
487
00:21:03,523 --> 00:21:07,309
is no longer a child
in the eyes of the law.
488
00:21:07,353 --> 00:21:08,789
Therefore, to be valid,
489
00:21:08,832 --> 00:21:11,618
any contract
for her services
490
00:21:11,661 --> 00:21:13,794
must necessarily
signed by her,
491
00:21:13,837 --> 00:21:14,925
and not by her father.
492
00:21:14,969 --> 00:21:17,754
That is the cold,
precise law.
493
00:21:17,798 --> 00:21:19,974
Your Honor,
this is not the Dark Ages.
494
00:21:20,017 --> 00:21:23,847
This is...1857,
495
00:21:23,891 --> 00:21:28,809
in a territory of a nation
which, only 80 short years ago,
496
00:21:28,852 --> 00:21:32,116
was engaged in a long,
bitter war
497
00:21:32,160 --> 00:21:36,338
to secure the rights
of her people to be free.
498
00:21:36,382 --> 00:21:40,211
After that war,
a great document was produced
499
00:21:40,255 --> 00:21:41,735
by that nation.
500
00:21:41,778 --> 00:21:44,999
It is called "The Constitution
of the United States."
501
00:21:45,042 --> 00:21:46,653
I'm familiar with it.
502
00:21:46,696 --> 00:21:48,916
Of course, Your Honor.
503
00:21:48,959 --> 00:21:50,439
In common language,
504
00:21:50,483 --> 00:21:53,573
that Constitution declared
to the world,
505
00:21:53,616 --> 00:21:56,271
that we, the people
of the United States,
506
00:21:56,315 --> 00:21:58,621
secured the blessings
of liberty
507
00:21:58,665 --> 00:22:01,407
for ourselves
and for our posterity.
508
00:22:01,450 --> 00:22:02,669
Correct.
509
00:22:02,712 --> 00:22:06,368
Ten years ago,
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
510
00:22:06,412 --> 00:22:09,589
gave the United States
possession of this area.
511
00:22:09,632 --> 00:22:12,156
At that time,
the citizens of Mexico
512
00:22:12,200 --> 00:22:13,680
residing here,
513
00:22:13,723 --> 00:22:15,769
were given one year
to make the choice
514
00:22:15,812 --> 00:22:18,380
as to whether they wished
to retain their status
515
00:22:18,424 --> 00:22:21,601
or wished to become citizens
of the United States.
516
00:22:21,644 --> 00:22:25,256
Domingo Jaramillo
did not wait that one year.
517
00:22:25,300 --> 00:22:26,693
He signed immediately
518
00:22:26,736 --> 00:22:28,564
and became a citizen
of our country.
519
00:22:28,608 --> 00:22:29,870
When he did,
520
00:22:29,913 --> 00:22:32,916
both Domingo Jaramillo
and his daughter Mariana
521
00:22:32,960 --> 00:22:35,876
became as free
as you or me
522
00:22:35,919 --> 00:22:38,400
or President James Buchanan,
523
00:22:38,444 --> 00:22:40,359
and as such,
they both enjoy
524
00:22:40,402 --> 00:22:43,013
the full protection
of all our laws,
525
00:22:43,057 --> 00:22:45,973
for nowhere does
the Constitution define
526
00:22:46,016 --> 00:22:48,367
different classes
of citizens.
527
00:22:48,410 --> 00:22:49,977
I, therefore,
respectfully request
528
00:22:50,020 --> 00:22:53,763
that Mariana Jaramillo
be set free.
529
00:22:53,807 --> 00:22:55,678
Thank you, Mr. Franklin.
530
00:22:58,377 --> 00:23:01,554
I agree on your point
of law.
531
00:23:01,597 --> 00:23:06,602
Since Mariana Jaramillo
is no longer a minor child,
532
00:23:06,646 --> 00:23:08,561
she is not bound
by any contract
533
00:23:08,604 --> 00:23:10,650
signed for her...
534
00:23:10,693 --> 00:23:13,130
by any third-party.
535
00:23:13,174 --> 00:23:17,091
Thank you, Your Honor.
536
00:23:17,134 --> 00:23:19,572
I also agree
with you completely
537
00:23:19,615 --> 00:23:23,706
that, in spirit,
the entire system of peonage
538
00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:25,578
directly violates everything
539
00:23:25,621 --> 00:23:29,495
for which our nation
fought its revolution.
540
00:23:29,538 --> 00:23:31,235
Unfortunately, however,
541
00:23:31,279 --> 00:23:35,022
peonage is not yet against
the laws of the United States,
542
00:23:35,065 --> 00:23:38,634
so I shall have to limit
my judgment to a decision
543
00:23:38,678 --> 00:23:41,768
for the plaintiff,
Mariana Jaramillo,
544
00:23:41,811 --> 00:23:46,599
with all costs to be paid
by the defendant.
545
00:23:46,642 --> 00:23:49,123
This court is adjourned
for one hour.
546
00:23:59,960 --> 00:24:03,050
Fortunately, records of the case
of Mariana Jaramillo
547
00:24:03,093 --> 00:24:04,486
have been preserved,
548
00:24:04,530 --> 00:24:07,707
so the story of this brave girl
could be retold now
549
00:24:07,750 --> 00:24:11,101
to inspire us more than
a hundred years later.
550
00:24:11,145 --> 00:24:12,320
By her courage,
551
00:24:12,363 --> 00:24:15,236
Mariana not only won freedom
for herself,
552
00:24:15,279 --> 00:24:18,631
but also for the other peons
in the territory.
553
00:24:18,674 --> 00:24:20,633
Because the case
drew such attention
554
00:24:20,676 --> 00:24:21,982
throughout the country,
555
00:24:22,025 --> 00:24:24,419
Congress passed
a special law
556
00:24:24,463 --> 00:24:27,466
abolishing peonage
in all of New Mexico.
37483
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