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(birds chirping)
(light majestic music)
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Landscapes of bewitching beauty.
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Unique.
(ethereal singing)
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Species rich.
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Exemplary.
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Because something extraordinary
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is happening here.
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These natural habitats remain in tact
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only because humans use and shape them.
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A new pact with nature.
(men yelling)
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(howling)
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(birds chirping)
(ethereal music)
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Where sky, mountains, clouds and forest become one,
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life flourishes.
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(steady instrumental music)
(birds humming)
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Ecuador's cloud forests are a paradise for birds.
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Amphibians.
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And mammals.
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But for centuries now,
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humans have been clearing the mountain forests
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of the Andes.
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(animals calling)
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They've had to give way to cattle pastures and roads.
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(cars honking)
(sirens wailing)
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Ecuador's population is growing year by year.
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And pushing nature further and further back.
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Inhabitants and conservationists
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are looking for a way to preserve the forest.
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And at the same time, to profit from it.
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(ethereal singing)
(bright instrumental music)
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Is it possible to save the last of the cloud forests?
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(birds chirping)
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(steady instrumental music)
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(water crashing)
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There's water here in abundance.
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(birds chirping)
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The Western side of the Andes in Ecuador
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is one of the world's rainiest regions.
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(rain pattering)
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It's an extreme climate,
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to which the flora and fauna have adapted.
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Hundreds of tree varieties
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compete for space on the steep slopes.
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On their trunks and branches,
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they bear hanging gardens,
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bromeliads and other plants
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that draw water and nutrients from the air.
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(steady instrumental music)
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(leaves rustling)
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The plant world is a feast
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laid out for countless animals.
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Capuchin monkeys tuck into leaves and fruit.
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And bizarre predators make rich pickings.
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(hissing)
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(chirping)
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Whether centipedes,
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frogs,
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or birds,
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hardly any habitat feeds such a variety of species,
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as the primeval forests of the Andes.
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There's many a small paradise
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usually enveloped in mist.
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The rain clouds, which move in from the Pacific Ocean,
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get caught in the mountains.
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As around the town of Mindo.
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The hills here are still green and full of trees.
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In Ecuador, that's the exception.
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So why is there still so much in tact
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cloud forest around Mindo?
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(upbeat music)
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Mindo's natural world attracts
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a very special species.
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Tourists.
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Looking for jungle adventures.
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The local inhabitants have grasped this
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as an opportunity.
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Henrry Patino is a small scale entrepreneur.
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He owns a simple lodging house in the town.
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He offers his guests a very special thrill.
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♪ Yeah ♪
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♪ Yeah ♪
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♪ Yeah ♪
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Riding the rapids on the River Mindo.
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♪ Yeah ♪
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(water splashing)
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It's not only Henrry Patino
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who benefits from the tourists,
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but his crew as well.
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Youngsters from the village
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earn themselves a little
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when they accompany the visitors
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safely down the river.
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(water splashing)
(laughing)
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This mixture of nature and action
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goes down well with a lot of younger tourists.
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Mindo long since stopped being
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a sleepy Andean village.
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(dog barking)
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Year in, year out,
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this place attracts over 50,000 tourists
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from Ecuador and the rest of the world.
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In recent years, it's grown,
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from a village into a small town.
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Mindo's Mariposario, the butterfly garden,
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offers close-up encounters with marvelous creatures.
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The staff here breed 25 varieties of butterfly,
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including the most colorful and shimmering species
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of this region.
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From caterpillar to butterfly,
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tourists can experience the fluttering diversity
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of the tropical beauties.
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(speaking in foreign language)
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Mindo has learned
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to turn tropical nature
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into a lucrative business model.
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(speaking in foreign language)
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In this community,
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90% of the people live from tourism.
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Directly or indirectly,
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it's an important economic factor.
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Shops, restaurants, hotels,
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and the nature guides.
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It's all very positive for us.
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Many tourists come here, above all,
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for our world famous Mindo Nambio Forest Reserve.
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(upbeat instrumental music)
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This community has been
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protecting its cloud forest on its own initiative
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for over 30 years.
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And making a good living from it.
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That makes Mindo a trailblazer in Ecuador.
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(birds chirping)
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The great variety of plant life
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attracts flying gemstones.
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Hummingbirds are truly airborne acrobats.
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They hover like mini helicopters.
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They're the only birds
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who can even fly backwards.
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(birds chirping)
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Hummingbirds are constantly
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on the lookout for flowers.
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(bird humming)
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That's where the birds tank up on their fuel.
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Sweet nectar.
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There are over 20 varieties of hummingbird
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in Mindo alone.
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Altogether, over 400 species of bird
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live in the town's vicinity.
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A world record.
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Mindo's example shows that mankind and nature
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need not be in opposition to each other.
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Forest conservation benefits
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not only the hummingbirds and other animals,
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but the communities human population
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of over 2,000 as well.
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(birds chirping)
(steady instrumental music)
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But what functions so well in Mindo
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is the exception.
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Elsewhere, things usually look different.
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Nearly everywhere in Ecuador,
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the forests are being cleared for agriculture.
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The trees have to make way for fields and pasture land.
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Over 90% of the cloud forests
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have already been destroyed in this way.
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The loss of the forests endangers thousands
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of animal and plant species.
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And the soil is getting washed away.
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Just 50 kilometers away from Mindo
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lies Toachi Valley.
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As nearly everywhere else in the Andes,
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agriculture is predominant here.
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And the few remaining forests
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are getting smaller and smaller.
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(water rushing)
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(camera shutter clicking)
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When the Italian Giovanni Onore
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first visited the valley over 30 years ago,
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this was all untouched forest,
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full of animals.
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At the time, Onore was a professor of biology
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in Ecuador's capitol, Quito.
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And he fell in love at first sight
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with Toachi Valley.
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(speaking in foreign language)
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It's a long time ago, back in 1980,
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that I came upon virtually intact jungle here.
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My paradise.
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One day, a friend came to visit, a beekeeper.
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He wanted to see the forest.
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So off we went,
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and marveled at the birds,
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the orchids, and the butterflies.
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Then suddenly, we heard a chainsaw.
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Someone was felling trees.
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My friend asked, "Why are they cutting them down?"
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The answer is, poor people fell the trees to survive.
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To make way for pastures for cattle.
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And what can be done about it?
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Nothing.
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(steady music)
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But nevertheless,
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Onore was determined to do something.
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Apart from being a biologist,
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the Italian is also a Catholic churchman.
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As a monk and missionary,
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he keeps coming back to the region.
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He's fully aware that the people on the land
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need to make a living.
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Most of the people who live in the valley are farmers.
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Many of them see land on which trees are growing
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with no cattle grazing as worthless.
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Giovanni Onore wants to help them
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find a way out of the dilemma.
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Can agriculture and nature exist side by side
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in the Toachi Valley region?
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(rooster cawing)
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(door slamming)
(speaking in foreign language)
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In the mountains,
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Giovanni is meeting his old friend, Cesar Tapia.
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Cesar is a farmer, like everybody else here.
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He's also Onore's chief ally in the region.
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(light suspenseful music)
(cattle mooing)
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At one time, Cesar also cut down
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more and more trees for more and more pasturage.
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But over the years,
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he's gradually become a kindred spirit
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for Giovanni Onore.
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Because he also harbored a love of nature,
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of the plants, and of the multiplicity
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of animals in the forests.
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He wasn't happy to see them all disappearing.
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(animals calling)
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(chattering in foreign language)
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The two friends made a pact.
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The missionary supported Cesar and his family,
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and arranged for the education of his nine children.
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In return, Cesar promised to help Giovanni.
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Together, they wanted to save the forest.
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Or what was left of it.
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But would it be possible to recruit
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other local farmers for their dream?
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Cesar opened doors for his friend
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to meet the people of the area.
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Today they are visiting a small sugar factory.
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Most of the families here
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earn just a few hundred dollars a year
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from sugar, vegetables, and milk.
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(speaking in foreign language)
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Most just manage to scrape by.
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In the large vats,
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the farmers boil down the juice of the sugarcane.
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The result is the panela,
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brown cane sugar.
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But the work is hard and doesn't pay much.
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For most of the farmers, though,
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nature conservation seems like
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the distant notion of rich people in the city.
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(rooster cawing)
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But many farmers could suddenly imagine
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doing a deal with Giovanni,
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and selling him stretches of land
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which yield particularly low returns.
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(light music)
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Bits of land always remain unused.
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Especially on steep slopes,
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Giovanni Onore found remnants
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of the old cloud forests.
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He collected money among friends in Europe,
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and bought parcels of land like this
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from the farmers.
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(speaking in foreign language)
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At the time, buying land was the only way,
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but it was a nightmare.
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I had to go to the surveyor's office,
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the lawyer, the notary.
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Finally, I bought the first bit.
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I was applauded,
278
00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:14,240
and received further donations.
279
00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:15,860
And I bought more land.
280
00:16:15,860 --> 00:16:18,790
Again, I had the runaround with the authorities.
281
00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:20,963
All the red tape and bureaucracy.
282
00:16:27,130 --> 00:16:29,640
That's how it went on and on.
283
00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:31,660
The forest grew and grew,
284
00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:34,013
and in the end, I fell in love with it.
285
00:16:36,510 --> 00:16:39,000
(light instrumental music)
286
00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:40,210
Piece by piece,
287
00:16:40,210 --> 00:16:42,640
Giovanni Onore managed over decades
288
00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:46,060
to put together a private conservation area.
289
00:16:46,060 --> 00:16:48,487
More than 1,500 hectares of land,
290
00:16:48,487 --> 00:16:52,275
for leaf cutter ants, and many other species.
291
00:16:52,275 --> 00:16:54,847
The biologist named his forest
292
00:16:54,847 --> 00:16:56,680
the Otonga Reserve,
293
00:16:56,680 --> 00:16:59,510
after a giant earthworm that lives here.
294
00:16:59,510 --> 00:17:01,060
A foundation of the same name
295
00:17:01,060 --> 00:17:04,040
became the official owner of the reserve.
296
00:17:04,040 --> 00:17:07,520
Giovanni made Cesar his administrator.
297
00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:09,960
Don Cesar now oversees and protects
298
00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:11,770
this natural paradise.
299
00:17:11,770 --> 00:17:14,770
He plants trees on the perch's pasturage.
300
00:17:14,770 --> 00:17:16,270
He lays down paths,
301
00:17:16,270 --> 00:17:18,120
thereby opening up the forest
302
00:17:18,120 --> 00:17:20,233
for biologist Giovanni Onore.
303
00:17:25,530 --> 00:17:26,930
But Giovanni the missionary
304
00:17:26,930 --> 00:17:28,630
is not yet satisfied.
305
00:17:28,630 --> 00:17:31,010
He wants not only to save the forest,
306
00:17:31,010 --> 00:17:34,100
but also to change attitudes towards it.
307
00:17:34,100 --> 00:17:35,980
He wants to infect the locals
308
00:17:35,980 --> 00:17:37,563
with his love of nature.
309
00:17:41,211 --> 00:17:42,150
(speaking in foreign language)
310
00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:44,580
Snakes are not necessarily dangerous
311
00:17:44,580 --> 00:17:47,370
because not every species is poisonous.
312
00:17:47,370 --> 00:17:50,040
But that's never interested many local inhabitants
313
00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:51,570
who just killed every snake
314
00:17:51,570 --> 00:17:52,770
that crossed their path.
315
00:17:54,228 --> 00:17:58,145
(speaking in foreign language)
316
00:18:01,700 --> 00:18:03,470
This one is not poisonous.
317
00:18:03,470 --> 00:18:04,813
It's completely harmless.
318
00:18:05,866 --> 00:18:07,740
It can't even really bite.
319
00:18:07,740 --> 00:18:08,943
It's teeth are tiny.
320
00:18:13,100 --> 00:18:14,420
But he didn't just want people
321
00:18:14,420 --> 00:18:16,040
to look after snakes,
322
00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:19,420
but to stop hunting in the protected forest.
323
00:18:19,420 --> 00:18:22,750
(speaking in foreign language)
324
00:18:22,750 --> 00:18:25,625
That wasn't easy for me.
325
00:18:25,625 --> 00:18:29,230
The people were used to hunting wild bore.
326
00:18:29,230 --> 00:18:31,053
Birds and armadillos.
327
00:18:32,540 --> 00:18:34,633
And now they were expected to give it up.
328
00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:38,333
You are a nasty person, they told me.
329
00:18:39,860 --> 00:18:41,080
It wasn't nastiness,
330
00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:42,910
but love of nature that motivated
331
00:18:42,910 --> 00:18:44,900
Cesar and Giovanni.
332
00:18:44,900 --> 00:18:47,540
But that didn't really convince the locals.
333
00:18:47,540 --> 00:18:49,465
Many of them couldn't see what use
334
00:18:49,465 --> 00:18:51,593
the reserve was to them.
335
00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:54,640
However fascinated the two were
336
00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:56,250
by the remarkable way in which
337
00:18:56,250 --> 00:18:59,240
many species had adapted to the rainforest,
338
00:18:59,240 --> 00:19:02,540
they had to think up a new plan for the locals.
339
00:19:02,540 --> 00:19:04,810
The conservation project had to be good,
340
00:19:04,810 --> 00:19:06,550
not only for the wildlife,
341
00:19:06,550 --> 00:19:08,950
but for the people in the Toachi Valley as well.
342
00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:15,627
(Giovanni speaking in foreign language)
343
00:19:19,140 --> 00:19:20,440
The cloud forest
344
00:19:20,440 --> 00:19:23,270
had to produce benefits for its neighbors.
345
00:19:23,270 --> 00:19:25,400
That became increasingly clear.
346
00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:27,910
Preferably work and an income.
347
00:19:27,910 --> 00:19:28,910
If that didn't happen,
348
00:19:28,910 --> 00:19:30,743
the project had no future.
349
00:19:32,029 --> 00:19:35,589
(leaves rustling)
350
00:19:35,589 --> 00:19:37,228
(speaking in foreign language)
351
00:19:37,228 --> 00:19:38,470
You can buy anything with money.
352
00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:39,830
That's easy.
353
00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:42,110
But changing people's hearts
354
00:19:42,110 --> 00:19:43,510
is the hardest thing of all.
355
00:19:46,878 --> 00:19:50,030
(driving instrumental music)
(traffic sounding)
356
00:19:50,030 --> 00:19:51,400
Whether Giovanni the monk
357
00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:52,760
was to prove successful
358
00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:55,750
depended less on help from Heaven above
359
00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:57,330
than on people seeing sense
360
00:19:57,330 --> 00:20:00,323
in nature protection throughout the country.
361
00:20:02,690 --> 00:20:04,920
His reserve is about two hours by car
362
00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:06,353
from the capitol Quito.
363
00:20:15,250 --> 00:20:18,160
Here too, where now the world's highest
364
00:20:18,160 --> 00:20:20,150
lying capitol is expanding,
365
00:20:20,150 --> 00:20:22,800
used to be dense cloud forests.
366
00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:24,860
It's hard to believe that this was once
367
00:20:24,860 --> 00:20:27,320
a wild, natural landscape,
368
00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:29,603
where large predators used to hunt.
369
00:20:31,470 --> 00:20:32,740
But this is still the case
370
00:20:32,740 --> 00:20:35,465
right on Quito's doorstep.
371
00:20:35,465 --> 00:20:37,890
Just 30 kilometers away,
372
00:20:37,890 --> 00:20:42,510
along a narrow path at an altitude of 2,800 meters,
373
00:20:42,510 --> 00:20:45,033
lies the small village of Yunguilla.
374
00:20:45,951 --> 00:20:49,850
(speaking in foreign language)
375
00:20:49,850 --> 00:20:51,510
Today, the villagers are holding
376
00:20:51,510 --> 00:20:52,943
a crisis meeting.
377
00:20:54,564 --> 00:20:58,400
Ecologist Santiago Molina has come from Quito
378
00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:01,060
because there's a problem with an animal inhabitant
379
00:21:01,060 --> 00:21:02,740
of the district.
380
00:21:02,740 --> 00:21:04,740
A predator totally unexpected
381
00:21:04,740 --> 00:21:06,720
so close to a major city
382
00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:08,403
is causing upset in Yunguilla.
383
00:21:09,999 --> 00:21:11,677
(dog barking)
384
00:21:11,677 --> 00:21:13,290
(speaking in foreign language)
385
00:21:13,290 --> 00:21:15,340
The men show Santiago Molina
386
00:21:15,340 --> 00:21:17,383
a shaky cell phone video.
387
00:21:18,300 --> 00:21:20,461
(speaking in foreign language)
388
00:21:20,461 --> 00:21:21,870
A large Andes bear
389
00:21:21,870 --> 00:21:25,554
is surprised in the process of killing a cow.
390
00:21:25,554 --> 00:21:29,471
(speaking in foreign language)
391
00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:36,200
An unpleasant surprise for Santiago Molina,
392
00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:39,430
because the predator is an old acquaintance.
393
00:21:39,430 --> 00:21:40,823
A bear called Yumbo.
394
00:21:42,908 --> 00:21:45,813
(speaking in foreign language)
395
00:21:45,813 --> 00:21:49,070
Yumbo is a bear that was found close by.
396
00:21:49,070 --> 00:21:50,583
Abandoned by his mother.
397
00:21:51,750 --> 00:21:54,010
It was obvious that if we didn't rescue him,
398
00:21:54,010 --> 00:21:54,883
he would die.
399
00:21:56,600 --> 00:21:58,570
He was in a bad way,
400
00:21:58,570 --> 00:22:00,640
with fly eggs under his skin,
401
00:22:00,640 --> 00:22:01,610
which showed that his mother
402
00:22:01,610 --> 00:22:03,930
had left him some days earlier.
403
00:22:03,930 --> 00:22:05,910
So we decided to rescue him,
404
00:22:05,910 --> 00:22:07,780
in order to release him again later on
405
00:22:07,780 --> 00:22:09,347
here in Yunguilla.
406
00:22:12,001 --> 00:22:14,501
(light music)
407
00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:24,854
He stayed in a nursery for two years.
408
00:22:24,854 --> 00:22:27,830
And in 2015, we took him back
409
00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:29,430
to the place where we found him.
410
00:22:31,750 --> 00:22:32,920
He's the first bear to be
411
00:22:32,920 --> 00:22:35,903
successfully released back into the wild in Ecuador.
412
00:22:39,540 --> 00:22:41,000
Yumbo's return to Yunguilla
413
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:43,180
was a media event locally.
414
00:22:43,180 --> 00:22:45,670
It took a lot of manpower to lift the by then
415
00:22:45,670 --> 00:22:49,328
fully grown bear into a large wooden crate.
416
00:22:49,328 --> 00:22:51,863
Yumbo's last stage in captivity.
417
00:23:01,060 --> 00:23:03,430
But how would the other bears in the area
418
00:23:03,430 --> 00:23:05,443
react to Yumbo's return?
419
00:23:14,209 --> 00:23:17,041
(speaking in foreign language)
420
00:23:17,041 --> 00:23:19,450
In this case, the other bears accepted him,
421
00:23:19,450 --> 00:23:20,663
because he was family.
422
00:23:21,644 --> 00:23:25,140
Oh, I know you.
423
00:23:25,140 --> 00:23:27,453
So, for two years, everything went well.
424
00:23:28,510 --> 00:23:30,760
Yumbo survived together with the other bears.
425
00:23:32,132 --> 00:23:34,860
But then, four months ago,
426
00:23:34,860 --> 00:23:36,853
he found a dead cow nearby.
427
00:23:40,727 --> 00:23:41,950
(light melancholy music)
428
00:23:41,950 --> 00:23:43,860
Cows sometimes stumble
429
00:23:43,860 --> 00:23:45,480
in the steep meadows.
430
00:23:45,480 --> 00:23:48,970
Some fall and are so badly injured that they die.
431
00:23:48,970 --> 00:23:50,980
The cadaver is then an easy target
432
00:23:50,980 --> 00:23:52,143
for bears like Yumbo.
433
00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:55,090
Once they have a taste for the meat,
434
00:23:55,090 --> 00:23:57,783
some move on to attack living cows.
435
00:24:07,390 --> 00:24:09,330
Understandably, that doesn't please
436
00:24:09,330 --> 00:24:10,833
the Yunguilla farmers.
437
00:24:12,960 --> 00:24:13,950
But in the meantime,
(rooster crowing)
438
00:24:13,950 --> 00:24:15,350
the villagers have come to see
439
00:24:15,350 --> 00:24:18,513
that they too can profit from the bears.
440
00:24:22,406 --> 00:24:24,860
(speaking in foreign language)
441
00:24:24,860 --> 00:24:27,423
Bears can also offer prospects for tourism.
442
00:24:28,273 --> 00:24:29,590
Visitors can see the animals here,
443
00:24:29,590 --> 00:24:31,390
living in their natural environment.
444
00:24:38,310 --> 00:24:39,680
To go bear watching,
445
00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:42,530
people need to know how many bears there are,
446
00:24:42,530 --> 00:24:45,500
and where they are most likely to be found.
447
00:24:45,500 --> 00:24:46,720
So again and again,
448
00:24:46,720 --> 00:24:49,260
Molina joins guides from Yunguilla
449
00:24:49,260 --> 00:24:50,943
on short expeditions.
450
00:24:54,146 --> 00:24:58,063
(speaking in foreign language)
451
00:25:06,690 --> 00:25:08,450
But it's not easy to locate
452
00:25:08,450 --> 00:25:12,257
bears in the wild.
(engine rumbling)
453
00:25:12,257 --> 00:25:15,840
(light instrumental music)
454
00:25:23,150 --> 00:25:24,790
The search takes Molina
455
00:25:24,790 --> 00:25:26,650
and his guide Edison deeper
456
00:25:26,650 --> 00:25:28,273
and deeper into the forest.
457
00:25:29,892 --> 00:25:34,892
(leaves rustling)
(blade hacking)
458
00:25:43,060 --> 00:25:44,823
But today, they don't see any.
459
00:25:45,830 --> 00:25:47,733
The trek isn't wasted, though.
460
00:25:56,090 --> 00:25:58,543
Modern technology comes to the rescue.
461
00:26:01,080 --> 00:26:03,350
Molina and Edison have laid
462
00:26:03,350 --> 00:26:07,180
automatic photo and film traps everywhere.
463
00:26:07,180 --> 00:26:09,703
They're triggered by the smallest movement.
464
00:26:19,710 --> 00:26:21,933
And capture whatever's in front of the lens.
465
00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:28,303
There are a lot of deer around Yunguilla.
466
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:33,433
And even pumas.
467
00:26:38,150 --> 00:26:41,890
Again and again, the cameras capture Andes bears as well.
468
00:26:44,002 --> 00:26:45,520
(speaking in foreign language)
469
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,740
Because of their distinctive marking,
470
00:26:47,740 --> 00:26:50,383
they're also known as spectacled bears.
471
00:26:55,840 --> 00:26:58,963
Even if some don't have spectacles at all.
472
00:27:01,230 --> 00:27:03,700
Small predatory cats also appear
473
00:27:03,700 --> 00:27:04,963
in front of the camera.
474
00:27:05,844 --> 00:27:06,677
Ocelots.
475
00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:19,623
And time after time, pumas.
476
00:27:21,730 --> 00:27:24,070
It was a surprise for the biologists
477
00:27:24,070 --> 00:27:26,910
just how many large predators go hunting
478
00:27:26,910 --> 00:27:28,793
so close to humans.
479
00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:34,310
The conservationists attract the animals
480
00:27:34,310 --> 00:27:37,360
to their camera traps with a vanilla scent.
481
00:27:37,360 --> 00:27:39,660
Some bears love the perfume so much
482
00:27:39,660 --> 00:27:42,070
that they can't get enough of the bait.
483
00:27:42,070 --> 00:27:44,480
The biologists were able to identify
484
00:27:44,480 --> 00:27:46,183
over 60 bears.
485
00:27:48,870 --> 00:27:51,340
(speaking in foreign language)
486
00:27:51,340 --> 00:27:52,530
For us scientists,
487
00:27:52,530 --> 00:27:54,480
and also for the people of Yunguilla,
488
00:27:54,480 --> 00:27:56,960
it's good to know that we have bears here.
489
00:27:56,960 --> 00:28:00,137
It's an attraction that helps people get to know the area,
490
00:28:00,137 --> 00:28:04,190
and the forest.
491
00:28:04,190 --> 00:28:06,473
If they're very lucky, they see a bear.
492
00:28:07,486 --> 00:28:10,520
If not, they can see one from the camera traps.
493
00:28:10,520 --> 00:28:12,930
The spectacled bear is the only bear
494
00:28:12,930 --> 00:28:14,083
in South America.
495
00:28:15,090 --> 00:28:18,540
Everybody will be happy to see an Andes bear.
496
00:28:18,540 --> 00:28:21,453
Or at least to be there, where the bears live.
497
00:28:23,337 --> 00:28:27,630
(light instrumental music)
498
00:28:27,630 --> 00:28:30,050
The bears and the beauties of nature
499
00:28:30,050 --> 00:28:33,020
have already changed life in Yunguilla.
500
00:28:33,020 --> 00:28:36,090
The locals rent rooms to tourists.
501
00:28:36,090 --> 00:28:38,850
And would like to see a lot more visitors.
502
00:28:38,850 --> 00:28:41,840
But things have to develop at a gentle pace.
503
00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:44,513
And benefit as many villagers as possible.
504
00:28:46,150 --> 00:28:48,430
This vegetable garden, for example,
505
00:28:48,430 --> 00:28:52,203
is part of the sustainable tourism concept of the village.
506
00:28:58,010 --> 00:28:59,620
Carrots and other vegetables
507
00:28:59,620 --> 00:29:01,493
are processed on the spot.
508
00:29:03,500 --> 00:29:04,920
In the new restaurant
509
00:29:04,920 --> 00:29:07,343
that all the villagers have built together.
510
00:29:11,180 --> 00:29:13,860
The number of tourists coming to Yunguilla
511
00:29:13,860 --> 00:29:15,333
is still manageable.
512
00:29:21,180 --> 00:29:24,140
Most are on day trips from Quito.
513
00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:26,350
Around 5,000 visitors a year
514
00:29:26,350 --> 00:29:29,090
are already providing the people of Yunguilla
515
00:29:29,090 --> 00:29:31,267
with a bigger income than farming.
516
00:29:35,521 --> 00:29:38,271
(metal scraping)
517
00:29:39,233 --> 00:29:40,280
Young women from the community
518
00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:41,900
use the milk from the cows
519
00:29:41,900 --> 00:29:44,960
to make queso de Yunguilla.
520
00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:48,670
The villages own cheese dairy is a thriving business,
521
00:29:48,670 --> 00:29:52,683
because the tourists now also buy the local products.
522
00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:59,950
(speaking in foreign language)
(water pattering)
523
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:07,300
The locals keep coming up
524
00:30:07,300 --> 00:30:09,210
with new ideas.
525
00:30:09,210 --> 00:30:12,178
Some of the women process many papayas,
526
00:30:12,178 --> 00:30:13,723
and other fruit into jam.
527
00:30:20,970 --> 00:30:24,387
A popular souvenir made in Yunguilla.
528
00:30:32,043 --> 00:30:35,960
(speaking in foreign language)
529
00:30:38,060 --> 00:30:40,580
All of us in the community feel pride.
530
00:30:40,580 --> 00:30:43,080
When someone asks, where are you from?
531
00:30:43,080 --> 00:30:45,600
We reply, I live in Yunguilla,
532
00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:47,440
where we conduct village tourism,
533
00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:48,707
where we protect nature,
534
00:30:48,707 --> 00:30:51,053
and where we improve peoples quality of life.
535
00:30:52,740 --> 00:30:54,210
That's why I believe everyone
536
00:30:54,210 --> 00:30:55,830
who lives here in Yunguilla
537
00:30:55,830 --> 00:30:57,490
and works on the project
538
00:30:57,490 --> 00:30:59,440
is very proud of what we're doing here.
539
00:31:03,980 --> 00:31:05,560
The initial successes
540
00:31:05,560 --> 00:31:08,650
of sustainable tourism are enabling Yunguilla
541
00:31:08,650 --> 00:31:12,710
to become ever more involved in conservation.
542
00:31:12,710 --> 00:31:15,480
Hardly anyone is still felling trees.
543
00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:19,460
Rather, Yunguilla is reforesting the forest.
544
00:31:19,460 --> 00:31:21,130
The seedlings for this are grown
545
00:31:21,130 --> 00:31:23,740
in the village tree nursery.
546
00:31:23,740 --> 00:31:27,200
Santiago Molina is happy to get hands on
547
00:31:27,200 --> 00:31:28,853
when plants are involved.
548
00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:34,720
It's the community that's important
549
00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:36,520
for most of the locals.
550
00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:39,343
So there's never a shortage of helping hands.
551
00:31:48,630 --> 00:31:51,500
The long term plan is to turn the pastures
552
00:31:51,500 --> 00:31:53,960
where the cows still graze today
553
00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:56,630
back into a cloud forest.
554
00:31:56,630 --> 00:31:59,190
Biologists used to think it was impossible
555
00:31:59,190 --> 00:32:00,700
to bring the forest back,
556
00:32:00,700 --> 00:32:04,620
but it can be done if people lend a hand.
557
00:32:04,620 --> 00:32:06,910
But it's not enough simply to wait for the trees
558
00:32:06,910 --> 00:32:08,870
to spread themselves.
559
00:32:08,870 --> 00:32:12,793
The first trees have to be painstakingly planted out.
560
00:32:19,670 --> 00:32:22,300
It's exclusively indigenous species
561
00:32:22,300 --> 00:32:25,070
that get this startup support.
562
00:32:25,070 --> 00:32:26,100
When they're bigger,
563
00:32:26,100 --> 00:32:29,020
other seeds brought in by birds and bats
564
00:32:29,020 --> 00:32:30,843
can germinate in their shadow.
565
00:32:34,900 --> 00:32:36,570
For that to happen on this meadow
566
00:32:36,570 --> 00:32:38,123
will take a few years yet.
567
00:32:45,612 --> 00:32:49,195
(light instrumental music)
568
00:32:50,450 --> 00:32:52,163
In the last 20 years,
569
00:32:52,163 --> 00:32:55,690
Yunguilla has reforested 3,000 hectares of land.
570
00:33:04,283 --> 00:33:06,370
What looks like virgin jungle
571
00:33:06,370 --> 00:33:09,120
is in fact recreated forest.
572
00:33:09,120 --> 00:33:13,130
Not yet as species-rich as a primal cloud forest,
573
00:33:13,130 --> 00:33:16,193
but already pumas and bears are hunting here again.
574
00:33:21,830 --> 00:33:23,800
Santiago Molina is pleased
575
00:33:23,800 --> 00:33:25,550
with developments to date.
576
00:33:25,550 --> 00:33:27,660
His dream is that other communities
577
00:33:27,660 --> 00:33:29,930
will follow Yunguilla's example,
578
00:33:29,930 --> 00:33:32,130
so that isolated areas of forest
579
00:33:32,130 --> 00:33:33,860
will grow together again
580
00:33:33,860 --> 00:33:36,193
into a large scale habitat for the bears.
581
00:33:41,550 --> 00:33:44,080
This would guarantee the long term survival
582
00:33:44,080 --> 00:33:45,980
of the small bear population
583
00:33:45,980 --> 00:33:48,943
living so close to the major city of Quito.
584
00:33:56,220 --> 00:33:58,040
When the fruits of a species
585
00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:00,110
of wild avocado ripen,
586
00:34:00,110 --> 00:34:03,480
it's the best time for biologists and tourists
587
00:34:03,480 --> 00:34:06,760
to observe Andes bears in the wild.
588
00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:08,150
They climb the trees to get
589
00:34:08,150 --> 00:34:09,873
to the small avocados.
590
00:34:11,002 --> 00:34:13,835
(leaves rustling)
591
00:34:14,880 --> 00:34:17,093
Sometimes a branch has to make way.
592
00:34:18,722 --> 00:34:21,472
(bear grumbling)
593
00:34:23,120 --> 00:34:25,270
And then the feast is there for the taking.
594
00:34:36,141 --> 00:34:38,724
(bear panting)
595
00:34:39,690 --> 00:34:42,714
Santiago Molina and the village of Yunguilla
596
00:34:42,714 --> 00:34:43,740
have already done a lot
597
00:34:43,740 --> 00:34:46,940
towards protecting the Andes bears.
598
00:34:46,940 --> 00:34:48,550
But there are other animals
599
00:34:48,550 --> 00:34:51,333
which people can't help on their own.
600
00:34:53,542 --> 00:34:55,007
(camera shutter clicking)
601
00:34:55,007 --> 00:34:58,674
(upbeat instrumental music)
602
00:35:00,810 --> 00:35:03,120
In Quito, Ecuador's capitol,
603
00:35:03,120 --> 00:35:05,610
specialists are using modern methods
604
00:35:05,610 --> 00:35:07,970
in a bid to save a whole group of animals
605
00:35:07,970 --> 00:35:10,163
threatened with gradual extinction.
606
00:35:11,045 --> 00:35:13,545
(dog barking)
607
00:35:15,029 --> 00:35:15,862
(door slamming)
608
00:35:15,862 --> 00:35:17,370
Morely Reid from Britain
609
00:35:17,370 --> 00:35:21,720
is an expert on lizards, snakes, newts, and frogs.
610
00:35:21,720 --> 00:35:23,830
He's returning today from an expedition
611
00:35:23,830 --> 00:35:26,020
to remote cloud forests.
612
00:35:26,020 --> 00:35:27,810
He'll be presenting his findings
613
00:35:27,810 --> 00:35:31,033
to the director of the Jambatu Frog Research Center.
614
00:35:44,890 --> 00:35:48,490
Ecuador is a paradise for amphibians.
615
00:35:48,490 --> 00:35:51,826
Nowhere else is home to as many different species.
616
00:35:51,826 --> 00:35:55,350
But this diversity is under threat.
617
00:35:55,350 --> 00:35:56,183
Leaf by leaf,
618
00:35:57,222 --> 00:35:59,030
walking very slowly up the river.
619
00:35:59,030 --> 00:36:01,770
And we spent two more nights looking for--
620
00:36:01,770 --> 00:36:03,540
Luis Coloma founded
621
00:36:03,540 --> 00:36:07,070
the Jambatu Center because many species of frog
622
00:36:07,070 --> 00:36:09,220
are facing extinction.
623
00:36:09,220 --> 00:36:11,210
Mysterious fungal diseases
624
00:36:11,210 --> 00:36:15,620
are decimating countless amphibian species worldwide.
625
00:36:15,620 --> 00:36:18,850
Sadly, in Ecuador's forests, too.
626
00:36:18,850 --> 00:36:20,060
The animals are dying,
627
00:36:20,060 --> 00:36:22,100
even in places where their habitat
628
00:36:22,100 --> 00:36:24,480
still seems fully intact.
629
00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:27,750
During a trip, but managed to get
630
00:36:27,750 --> 00:36:29,520
a number of really interesting ones
631
00:36:30,420 --> 00:36:31,253
after we collected it.
632
00:36:31,253 --> 00:36:33,240
So I had that likely arrived
633
00:36:33,240 --> 00:36:35,230
at about 1:00 in the morning.
634
00:36:35,230 --> 00:36:36,530
I didn't get much sleep.
Coloma wants
635
00:36:36,530 --> 00:36:39,850
to research the causes of the frog deaths.
636
00:36:39,850 --> 00:36:44,020
And save the endangered species of amphibian.
637
00:36:44,020 --> 00:36:46,123
Some frogs have become so rare
638
00:36:46,123 --> 00:36:48,970
that biologists have to spend a long time
639
00:36:48,970 --> 00:36:50,870
looking for the last of their species.
640
00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:53,755
Some whistling notes as well.
641
00:36:53,755 --> 00:36:57,330
(speaking in foreign language)
642
00:36:57,330 --> 00:37:01,265
We have built an intensive care unit for frogs.
643
00:37:01,265 --> 00:37:04,020
In the laboratory, we're trying to breed
644
00:37:04,020 --> 00:37:06,980
and rescue varieties facing extinction.
645
00:37:06,980 --> 00:37:09,010
We'll then return them to the wild.
646
00:37:09,010 --> 00:37:10,800
Once we've understood the factors
647
00:37:10,800 --> 00:37:12,180
that are threatening them.
648
00:37:15,667 --> 00:37:19,430
(driving instrumental music)
649
00:37:19,430 --> 00:37:20,980
With his research center,
650
00:37:20,980 --> 00:37:24,180
Luis Coloma has created a Noah's Ark
651
00:37:24,180 --> 00:37:25,760
for some of the rarest
652
00:37:25,760 --> 00:37:28,183
and most beautiful of Ecuador's frogs.
653
00:37:29,368 --> 00:37:32,118
(frogs chirping)
654
00:37:33,620 --> 00:37:37,730
But researching and rescuing amphibians costs money,
655
00:37:37,730 --> 00:37:41,580
and in Ecuador, there's hardly any public research funding.
656
00:37:41,580 --> 00:37:44,130
To become independent of government funds,
657
00:37:44,130 --> 00:37:47,360
Coloma set up the Wikiri Company.
658
00:37:47,360 --> 00:37:49,330
It's business concept is new,
659
00:37:49,330 --> 00:37:51,283
and not without controversy.
660
00:37:52,630 --> 00:37:54,780
The company and the research center
661
00:37:54,780 --> 00:37:56,500
share not only the same premises,
662
00:37:56,500 --> 00:37:58,950
but also the same know-how.
663
00:37:58,950 --> 00:38:01,270
They breed frogs.
664
00:38:01,270 --> 00:38:03,080
The difference is that Wikiri
665
00:38:03,080 --> 00:38:05,560
sells the amphibians to enthusiasts
666
00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:07,530
all over the world.
667
00:38:07,530 --> 00:38:09,470
That's legal, as long as the animals
668
00:38:09,470 --> 00:38:11,533
are born here in the laboratory.
669
00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:16,580
Equipped with official certificates,
670
00:38:16,580 --> 00:38:20,330
the frogs are air freighted to their new owners.
671
00:38:20,330 --> 00:38:22,190
This is also intended to undermine
672
00:38:22,190 --> 00:38:24,913
international trafficking by smugglers.
673
00:38:27,328 --> 00:38:29,090
(speaking in foreign language)
674
00:38:29,090 --> 00:38:30,950
These people come to Ecuador
675
00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:34,550
and pay locals a pittance to collect frogs.
676
00:38:34,550 --> 00:38:37,330
Then, they smuggle the animals in their luggage
677
00:38:37,330 --> 00:38:39,393
to supply the international markets.
678
00:38:43,180 --> 00:38:45,199
This further decimates the populations,
679
00:38:45,199 --> 00:38:47,850
and not a penny stays in Ecuador.
680
00:38:47,850 --> 00:38:50,720
All the money flows to Europe,
681
00:38:50,720 --> 00:38:52,303
and other markets abroad.
682
00:38:58,650 --> 00:39:01,220
So the firm is dealing in frogs
683
00:39:01,220 --> 00:39:03,820
in order to protect frogs.
684
00:39:03,820 --> 00:39:07,280
This works because affluent frog fans
685
00:39:07,280 --> 00:39:10,773
pay up to 600 Euros for rare amphibians.
686
00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:15,290
It can take years to breed a species successfully.
687
00:39:15,290 --> 00:39:17,523
That makes the animals relatively expensive.
688
00:39:19,316 --> 00:39:22,066
(frogs chirping)
689
00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:27,370
But a share of the profits, finances,
690
00:39:27,370 --> 00:39:30,450
Luis Coloma's research center.
691
00:39:30,450 --> 00:39:33,639
Another part is used to buy and conserve
692
00:39:33,639 --> 00:39:34,780
forest areas in Ecuador
693
00:39:34,780 --> 00:39:37,083
that are especially in need of protection.
694
00:39:47,090 --> 00:39:49,300
The trade in frogs also supports
695
00:39:49,300 --> 00:39:53,335
the work of biologist and monk Giovanni Onore.
696
00:39:53,335 --> 00:39:55,835
(saw buzzing)
697
00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:03,150
Giovanni Onore is still looking for ways
698
00:40:03,150 --> 00:40:06,673
to protect his Otonga Reserve long term.
699
00:40:07,840 --> 00:40:09,340
But the people of the region
700
00:40:09,340 --> 00:40:12,690
also need to profit from his cloud forest.
701
00:40:12,690 --> 00:40:15,823
So Giovanni is counting on paying guests.
702
00:40:17,090 --> 00:40:20,930
Helped by Italo, the son of his business director Cesar,
703
00:40:20,930 --> 00:40:23,540
he's building a small guest house.
704
00:40:23,540 --> 00:40:26,543
Giovanni employs only local workers.
705
00:40:28,533 --> 00:40:31,170
(saw buzzing)
706
00:40:31,170 --> 00:40:33,510
He has a very special clientele in mind
707
00:40:33,510 --> 00:40:35,220
for his guest house.
708
00:40:35,220 --> 00:40:38,907
He hopes to let the 30 rooms to students and scientists
709
00:40:38,907 --> 00:40:40,953
from home and abroad.
710
00:40:42,980 --> 00:40:45,620
Their field of research would then be
711
00:40:45,620 --> 00:40:47,713
directly on the hotel's doorstep.
712
00:40:49,045 --> 00:40:52,937
(speaking in foreign language)
713
00:40:52,937 --> 00:40:54,910
The hotel and its guests
714
00:40:54,910 --> 00:40:58,010
will yield enough to safeguard the forest.
715
00:40:58,010 --> 00:40:59,700
We need a watchman,
716
00:40:59,700 --> 00:41:01,870
someone to keep the paths open,
717
00:41:01,870 --> 00:41:04,450
someone to make sure the trees aren't felled.
718
00:41:04,450 --> 00:41:06,870
Someone to receive the guests.
719
00:41:06,870 --> 00:41:08,600
That creates jobs,
720
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:11,040
and at the same time, produces a profit
721
00:41:11,040 --> 00:41:12,693
to conserve the jungle.
722
00:41:14,652 --> 00:41:19,652
(upbeat instrumental music)
(birds chirping)
723
00:41:22,790 --> 00:41:25,250
Even before the last finishing touches
724
00:41:25,250 --> 00:41:28,280
are made on Onore's jungle hotel,
725
00:41:28,280 --> 00:41:30,860
the first guest registers.
726
00:41:30,860 --> 00:41:32,173
An old acquaintance.
727
00:41:35,790 --> 00:41:38,660
Morely Reid of the Jambatu Frog Center
728
00:41:38,660 --> 00:41:41,433
is visiting the reserve on one of his expeditions.
729
00:41:52,326 --> 00:41:54,410
Morely is looking for a species of frog
730
00:41:54,410 --> 00:41:56,440
that used to be common in this area,
731
00:41:56,440 --> 00:41:58,253
but today is increasingly rare.
732
00:42:13,670 --> 00:42:16,800
(chattering in foreign language)
733
00:42:16,800 --> 00:42:18,540
The best chances of encountering
734
00:42:18,540 --> 00:42:22,430
this very special animal are along small streams
735
00:42:22,430 --> 00:42:23,733
where it's very wet.
736
00:42:24,850 --> 00:42:27,840
(speaking in foreign language)
737
00:42:27,840 --> 00:42:29,460
The scientist always carries
738
00:42:29,460 --> 00:42:31,410
a recording device to capture
739
00:42:31,410 --> 00:42:34,940
the typical croaking of all the different frogs.
740
00:42:34,940 --> 00:42:37,820
A song which the biologist doesn't recognize
741
00:42:37,820 --> 00:42:41,243
would indicate a new species still un-described.
742
00:42:42,280 --> 00:42:45,460
Until it's dark and the objects of study become active,
743
00:42:45,460 --> 00:42:47,930
the small group of researchers presses on
744
00:42:47,930 --> 00:42:49,143
into the forest.
745
00:42:52,440 --> 00:42:56,330
On the way, the three of them make further discoveries.
746
00:42:56,330 --> 00:43:00,810
Morely has already noted over 200 species of snake.
747
00:43:00,810 --> 00:43:02,000
In the whole of Europe,
748
00:43:02,000 --> 00:43:03,733
there are just 50 species.
749
00:43:05,319 --> 00:43:09,402
(chattering in foreign language)
750
00:43:14,240 --> 00:43:16,380
Giovanni Onore is fascinated
751
00:43:16,380 --> 00:43:19,350
by the emerald green anolis lizards.
752
00:43:19,350 --> 00:43:20,923
Which hunt on leaves.
753
00:43:24,790 --> 00:43:25,883
How angry it is.
754
00:43:26,827 --> 00:43:30,744
(speaking in foreign language)
755
00:43:36,890 --> 00:43:38,060
The lizard is bagged
756
00:43:38,060 --> 00:43:40,273
for closer examination later.
757
00:43:44,215 --> 00:43:49,215
(water splashing)
(chatting in foreign language)
758
00:43:51,796 --> 00:43:54,546
(birds chirping)
759
00:44:02,023 --> 00:44:05,260
(light music)
(animals chirping)
760
00:44:05,260 --> 00:44:06,630
As darkness falls,
761
00:44:06,630 --> 00:44:09,480
the frog concert begins.
762
00:44:09,480 --> 00:44:11,570
Morely is keyed up about finding
763
00:44:11,570 --> 00:44:12,763
what he's looking for.
764
00:44:21,160 --> 00:44:23,520
The biologists push ever further
765
00:44:23,520 --> 00:44:24,653
into the undergrowth.
766
00:44:27,312 --> 00:44:30,423
(speaking in foreign language)
767
00:44:30,423 --> 00:44:31,800
Oh look, here's a snake.
768
00:44:31,800 --> 00:44:33,313
Let's see if I can catch it.
769
00:44:34,487 --> 00:44:36,242
(rhythmic drumming)
770
00:44:36,242 --> 00:44:38,642
Still not the frog Morely is after.
771
00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:44,093
But then, success.
772
00:44:45,092 --> 00:44:46,820
(speaking in foreign language)
773
00:44:46,820 --> 00:44:48,194
Sitting on this leaf.
774
00:44:48,194 --> 00:44:50,524
(narrator speaking in foreign language)
775
00:44:50,524 --> 00:44:51,970
The gold nugget tree frog
776
00:44:51,970 --> 00:44:54,780
is a real beauty with huge eyes.
777
00:44:54,780 --> 00:44:57,223
An adaptation to life at night.
778
00:45:03,060 --> 00:45:05,230
I'm hoping we might hear some calling tonight,
779
00:45:05,230 --> 00:45:07,340
but so far, we haven't had any luck.
780
00:45:07,340 --> 00:45:08,800
It's a male or female?
781
00:45:08,800 --> 00:45:11,940
That is most probably it's a male.
782
00:45:11,940 --> 00:45:14,933
You can see, it's a very nice golden yellow color.
783
00:45:15,960 --> 00:45:17,163
Big eyes.
Yeah.
784
00:45:18,478 --> 00:45:20,880
(speaking in foreign language)
785
00:45:20,880 --> 00:45:22,160
Morely isn't able
786
00:45:22,160 --> 00:45:24,350
to record the croaking of the gold nugget
787
00:45:24,350 --> 00:45:26,580
tree frog on this occasion.
788
00:45:26,580 --> 00:45:29,963
But his hunt for frog calls is still successful.
789
00:45:35,410 --> 00:45:36,978
Yeah.
790
00:45:36,978 --> 00:45:38,363
I think it--
791
00:45:38,363 --> 00:45:39,539
On the ground?
792
00:45:39,539 --> 00:45:41,160
I think it was just over there.
793
00:45:41,160 --> 00:45:43,743
(frog calling)
794
00:45:46,040 --> 00:45:48,769
(speaking in foreign language)
795
00:45:48,769 --> 00:45:51,019
(chirping)
796
00:45:52,681 --> 00:45:53,981
Yes, it's recording now.
797
00:45:55,366 --> 00:45:58,033
(frog chirping)
798
00:46:08,670 --> 00:46:10,240
Male frogs croak
799
00:46:10,240 --> 00:46:12,993
in order to attract females willing to mate.
800
00:46:21,110 --> 00:46:23,800
Frog researchers like Morely Reid, though,
801
00:46:23,800 --> 00:46:26,693
are interested in the croaking for other reasons.
802
00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:33,060
The more songs that are known,
803
00:46:33,060 --> 00:46:35,580
the easier nature conservation becomes
804
00:46:35,580 --> 00:46:36,883
in the dense jungle.
805
00:46:37,770 --> 00:46:40,970
If a particular frog song is heard less and less,
806
00:46:40,970 --> 00:46:43,783
it's a warning that the species is endangered.
807
00:46:45,846 --> 00:46:48,596
(frogs chirping)
808
00:46:55,560 --> 00:46:57,470
At worse, like so many others,
809
00:46:57,470 --> 00:46:59,393
it can die out altogether.
810
00:47:01,918 --> 00:47:05,835
(speaking in foreign language)
811
00:47:13,230 --> 00:47:15,040
Giovanni Onore uses the night
812
00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:17,620
for his own scientific research.
813
00:47:17,620 --> 00:47:20,400
His specialty is insects.
814
00:47:20,400 --> 00:47:22,670
With a bright light and a white sheet,
815
00:47:22,670 --> 00:47:25,106
he can attract moths.
816
00:47:25,106 --> 00:47:29,023
(speaking in foreign language)
817
00:47:40,400 --> 00:47:41,820
No other animal group
818
00:47:41,820 --> 00:47:45,513
in the cloud forest has as many species as insects.
819
00:47:47,330 --> 00:47:50,430
There are an estimated 60,000
820
00:47:50,430 --> 00:47:53,760
different butterflies and moths here.
821
00:47:53,760 --> 00:47:55,270
There are as many varieties
822
00:47:55,270 --> 00:47:57,960
of butterflies and moths in the cloud forest
823
00:47:57,960 --> 00:48:00,240
as there are of vegetation.
824
00:48:00,240 --> 00:48:03,633
Most of them are dependent on just a few plants.
825
00:48:09,689 --> 00:48:13,356
(steady instrumental music)
826
00:48:15,850 --> 00:48:17,770
A healthy cloud forest, though,
827
00:48:17,770 --> 00:48:20,080
doesn't benefit just the insects,
828
00:48:20,080 --> 00:48:23,050
but the humans living nearby as well.
829
00:48:23,050 --> 00:48:26,550
The trees capture the water out of the clouds,
830
00:48:26,550 --> 00:48:27,693
and purify it.
831
00:48:32,930 --> 00:48:35,470
Clean water has long been taken for granted
832
00:48:35,470 --> 00:48:37,400
in rainy Ecuador.
833
00:48:37,400 --> 00:48:40,450
But intact rainforests are crucial
834
00:48:40,450 --> 00:48:43,423
as a natural supplier of pure drinking water.
835
00:48:44,298 --> 00:48:47,048
(water crashing)
836
00:48:50,303 --> 00:48:53,100
(speaking in foreign language)
837
00:48:53,100 --> 00:48:55,313
Nature has its own value.
838
00:48:57,206 --> 00:48:59,406
More and more people are understanding that.
839
00:49:00,920 --> 00:49:03,460
Politicians come from the town in the region,
840
00:49:03,460 --> 00:49:06,093
looking for water here for their inhabitants.
841
00:49:07,665 --> 00:49:09,940
The doctors say,
842
00:49:09,940 --> 00:49:13,243
the clean water means fewer gastrointestinal diseases.
843
00:49:15,930 --> 00:49:18,320
There's a direct link between humans
844
00:49:18,320 --> 00:49:19,823
and nature conservation.
845
00:49:22,900 --> 00:49:24,594
I've got a photo of it.
846
00:49:24,594 --> 00:49:25,911
We found, where did we find?
847
00:49:25,911 --> 00:49:28,570
Morely Reid and Giovanni Onore
848
00:49:28,570 --> 00:49:30,950
use the following morning to analyze
849
00:49:30,950 --> 00:49:32,853
what they caught in the night.
850
00:49:34,116 --> 00:49:34,949
That's what I know.
851
00:49:34,949 --> 00:49:35,782
It's alright.
Yeah.
852
00:49:37,070 --> 00:49:39,753
In the very first bag, a rarity.
853
00:49:43,280 --> 00:49:45,130
In Ecuador's rainforests,
854
00:49:45,130 --> 00:49:48,140
there are snakes with a very special diet.
855
00:49:48,140 --> 00:49:51,490
Snails are on the menu of this slender beauty.
856
00:49:51,490 --> 00:49:53,620
Using their small pointed teeth,
857
00:49:53,620 --> 00:49:55,993
they pull the prey from their shells.
858
00:49:58,120 --> 00:49:59,540
I'm trying to get the head side on...
859
00:49:59,540 --> 00:50:02,129
More and more varieties of snake
860
00:50:02,129 --> 00:50:03,990
are being discovered in Ecuador.
861
00:50:03,990 --> 00:50:06,910
Almost every one of Morely Reid's expeditions
862
00:50:06,910 --> 00:50:09,430
comes back with something new.
863
00:50:09,430 --> 00:50:10,340
With the yula.
864
00:50:11,201 --> 00:50:12,934
Beautiful colorful.
865
00:50:12,934 --> 00:50:15,059
To land.
866
00:50:15,059 --> 00:50:18,293
Frogs, snakes, insects.
867
00:50:19,457 --> 00:50:21,330
In the cloud forests of the Andes,
868
00:50:21,330 --> 00:50:24,253
biologists still have a lot to discover.
869
00:50:25,120 --> 00:50:26,620
For Giovanni Onore,
870
00:50:26,620 --> 00:50:29,770
that's the greatest value of the forest.
871
00:50:29,770 --> 00:50:33,853
And the strongest argument for preserving his paradise.
872
00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:37,620
That's why I invite researchers.
873
00:50:37,620 --> 00:50:39,260
When they find something new,
874
00:50:39,260 --> 00:50:44,010
they name it Otongico, or Otongensus, after the reserve.
875
00:50:44,010 --> 00:50:45,320
It's a clear message.
876
00:50:45,320 --> 00:50:46,260
Don't touch.
877
00:50:46,260 --> 00:50:48,510
Here is biodiversity.
878
00:50:48,510 --> 00:50:50,910
What laws and politicians fail to do,
879
00:50:50,910 --> 00:50:52,443
scientists achieve.
880
00:50:54,253 --> 00:50:55,086
(upbeat instrumental music)
881
00:50:55,086 --> 00:50:57,180
Giovanni Onore is confident
882
00:50:57,180 --> 00:50:59,870
that his approach will work.
883
00:50:59,870 --> 00:51:04,030
People and nature can benefit from each other.
884
00:51:04,030 --> 00:51:05,720
If used carefully,
885
00:51:05,720 --> 00:51:09,770
the magnificent cloud forests are not lost.
886
00:51:09,770 --> 00:51:11,773
Instead, they even grow back.
887
00:51:25,278 --> 00:51:30,278
(water splashing)
(laughing)
60014
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