All language subtitles for BRITISH EMPIRE IN COLOUR - PART 3_EN

[CHEERING]

Narrator: 1945.

THE EMPIRE HAS UNITED
BEHIND BRITAIN

TO FIGHT, AND WIN,
A SECOND WORLD WAR.

BUT WHEN THE HEADY HAZE
OF VICTORY HAS CLEARED,

THE BRITISH PEOPLE
ARE LEFT EXHAUSTED...

THE NATION SHATTERED
BY AUSTERITY AND DEBT.

THE PRESTIGE AND IDEALS
OF EMPIRE ARE FADING.

AS THE EMPIRE CRUMBLES,
IMPERIAL ATTITUDES LIVE ON.

BRITAIN AND HER EMPIRE
MUST CONFRONT THE LEGACY

OF INTOLERANCE,
PATERNALISM, AND PREJUDICE.

Aboriginal woman: MOST OF US
ARE WHITE IN THE HEAD

BUT FEEL BLACK INSIDE.

WE AREN'T BLACK OR WHITE.

WE ARE A LONELY, LOST, SAD,
AND DISPLACED GROUP OF PEOPLE.

Chief: COME AND INTEGRATE,
YOU SAY.

BUT HOW CAN I?

WHAT IS THERE
IN MY CULTURE YOU VALUE?

Man: WE WERE TOLD
ENGLAND WAS THE GREATEST
COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.

WE CAME HERE,
AND TO OUR SURPRISE,

FOUND YOU WOULDN'T ACCEPT US.

[INDISTINCT SHOUTING]

Woman: THE OLD IDEA OF EMPIRE
IS REPUGNANT TO US TODAY.

[SHOUTING INDISTINCTLY]

BUT THE COLONIES ARE A LEGACY,

WHICH WE INHERITED

AND WHICH CANNOT
JUST BE THROWN OFF.

[BAND PLAYING MARCH]

Narrator: 1953.

THE CORONATION OF
ELIZABETH THE SECOND.

Man, voice-over:
HER MAJESTY COMING NOW,
UNDER THE ADMIRALTY ARCH,

COMING INTO THE SQUARE,

AND THE CROWD RECEIVES THEM
AS ONLY A BRITISH CROWD
IN LONDON COULD.

Narrator: ALTHOUGH IMPERIAL
IN ITS SYMBOLS AND SPLENDOR,

THE EVENT HERALDS A NEW MULTIRACIAL
"COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS."

IN 1949, INDIA HAD BECOME
THE FIRST NON-WHITE REPUBLIC
WITHIN THE COMMONWEALTH.

AMIDST THE CORONATION
PROCESSION,

INDIA'S PRIME MINISTER,
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU:

Nehru: I THINK THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE COMMONWEALTH

IS OF GREAT SIGNIFICANCE.

THIS KIND OF FREE
ASSOCIATION OF COUNTRIES

WITH DIFFERENT INTERESTS,
DIFFERENT OUTLOOKS

TRYING TO UNDERSTAND EACH OTHER,

IS A VERY GREAT THING.

Narrator: BUT LIFE
IN POST-WAR BRITAIN IS HARD.

PEOPLE ARE STRUGGLING
TO REBUILD THEIR LIVES.

HOUSING AND JOBS ARE SCARCE.

WAR-TIME RATIONING CONTINUES.

IN A LETTER TO THE DAILY WORKER,
MARY MULLINDER:

Mullinder: I AM FED RIGHT UP TO
THE TEETH WHEN I DO MY SHOPPING.

I'VE GOT JUST ENOUGH MONEY
TO GET MY BARE RATIONS.

WE SHOULD CUT DOWN
ON CORONATION SPENDING

AND ON THE ARMED FORCES.

WHY SHOULD WORKING PEOPLE
SUFFER?

[ORGAN MUSIC PLAYING]

[CHOIR SINGING INDISTINCTLY]

Man: WILL YOU SOLEMNLY
PROMISE AND SWEAR

TO GOVERN THE PEOPLE OF
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT
BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND,

CANADA, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND,
PAKISTAN, AND CEYLON,

ACCORDING TO THEIR RESPECTIVE
LAWS AND CUSTOMS?

I SOLEMNLY PROMISE
SO TO DO.

Narrator: NO LONGER EMPRESS,

THE QUEEN IS CROWNED HEAD
OF A COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS.

All: GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.
GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.

[TRUMPET FANFARE]

[INDISTINCT SHOUTING]

Narrator: FROM AROUND
THE COMMONWEALTH,

PEOPLE SEND RADIO MESSAGES
TO THE NEW QUEEN.

Man, voice-over:
I AM HAJ JAMIL FROM SINGAPORE.

Woman, voice-over:
FROM NIGERIA.

I DO CONGRATULATE YOU ON
THE OCCASION OF YOUR CORONATION.

Man, voice-over:
...IN THE WEST INDIES.

Woman, voice-over:
FROM SARAWAK, BORNEO.

Second woman, voice-over:
ON BEHALF OF THE YOUTH OF INDIA,

I BEG TO WISH TO YOU
MY HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS.

Man, voice-over: ON BEHALF
OF THE ENTIRE 7 MILLION
AFRICANS OF TANGANYIKA.

Second man, voice-over:
FELICITATIONS AND GOOD WISHES

OF THE PEOPLE OF PAKISTAN.

Woman, voice-over:
BETH COTFORD FROM
HAWKE'S BAY, NEW ZEALAND.

Girl, voice-over: AND I COME
FROM TRISTAN DA CUNHA.

DADDY SAYS IT'S THE LONELIEST
ISLAND IN THE WORLD.

Narrator: BUT THE CORONATION
CELEBRATIONS ARE SHORT-LIVED.

THE BRITISH PEOPLE HAVE HAD
ENOUGH OF POST-WAR HARDSHIP.

THEY WANT A BETTER LIFE,

AND BRITAIN'S WHITE COMMONWEALTH
CAN OFFER IT.

Boy, voice-over:
DAD'S TAKING ME TO AUSTRALIA.

HE SAYS IT'S THE BEST PLACE
FOR ME TO GET ON IN LIFE.

Man, voice-over: YOU, TOO,
CAN GO TO AUSTRALIA
FOR ONLY 10 POUNDS.

Narrator: AUSTRALIAN
ADVERTISEMENTS TEMPT
BRITAIN'S WORKERS TO EMIGRATE.

Second man, voice-over: I WANT TO
TALK TO YOU ABOUT IMMIGRATION.

Narrator: AN UNDER-POPULATED
AUSTRALIA FEARS ENCROACHMENT
FROM ITS ASIAN NEIGHBORS.

[MAN SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY]

Narrator: BRITISH WORKERS ARE
OFFERED PASSAGE FOR JUST £10.

AUSTRALIAN MINISTER FOR
IMMIGRATION, ARTHUR CALDWELL:

Caldwell: IT IS MY HOPE THAT
FOR EVERY FOREIGN MIGRANT

THERE WILL BE 10
FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM.

THESE MILLIONS OF NEW CITIZENS
WILL PUSH BACK OUR FRONTIERS,

EXPAND OUR INDUSTRIES,

AND BUILD US
INTO A POWERFUL NATION.

Narrator: THOUSANDS OF
DISILLUSIONED BRITONS

APPLY FOR THE 10-POUND SCHEME.

A FOUNDRY WORKER IN WALES:

Worker: I'VE DECIDED
TO MAKE A MOVE.

I'M ONLY WORKING
A 44-HOUR WEEK JUST NOW

WITH NO OVERTIME OR BONUS,

SO, REALLY,
IT'S A HAND-TO-MOUTH EXISTENCE.

I'M A YOUNG MAN YET

AND GOOD FOR ANOTHER
20 YEARS' WORK OUT THERE.

Narrator: A YOUNG MOTHER
FROM NEWCASTLE:

Woman: THE CHILDREN WILL
HAVE A BETTER CHANCE.

THERE'S NO CLASS DISTINCTION.

ACCENT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH IT.

WHAT THEIR MOTHER
AND FATHER WERE

WILL NOT STOP THEM
GETTING ON OUT THERE

IF THEY'VE GOT A BRAIN.

Narrator: IN JUST 10 YEARS
FOLLOWING THE WAR,

OVER 500,000 BRITONS EMIGRATE
TO AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND...

MORE THAN 400,000 TO CANADA.

ON BOARD THE LINER "ASTURIAS,"
A SHIP'S STEWARD:

Steward: IT'S ALWAYS DISTRESSING
WATCHING THE FINAL FAREWELLS.

THEY OFTEN PLAY OLD SONGS
OVER THE TANNOY

AND EVERYONE WEEPS.

A LOT OF THEM FEEL THEY WON'T
EVER SEE THEIR LOVED ONES AGAIN.

AUSTRALIA REALLY IS
A LONG WAY AWAY.

Woman: ♪ GRAB YOUR COAT
AND GET YOUR HAT ♪

♪ LEAVE YOUR WORRIES
ON THE DOORSTEP ♪

♪ JUST DIRECT YOUR FEET
TO THE SUNNY, SUNNY
SIDE OF THE STREET ♪

Narrator: FROM CHESTERFIELD,

ALBERT WALKER,
BOUND FOR MELBOURNE.

Walker: I TOOK MY LAST
VIEW OF ENGLAND, AND
TEARS WERE VERY NEAR.

I THOUGHT OF ALL ITS BEAUTY

AND ALL THOSE
LOVELY TIMES I'D HAD.

I SUDDENLY REALIZED THAT
I MAY NEVER SEE IT AGAIN...

AND THEN I THOUGHT OF ALL
THE ADVANTAGES I WAS GOING TO--

A NEW COUNTRY,
A NEW JOB, NEW PEOPLE...

A NEW LIFE.

♪ ...BE SO SWEET ♪

♪ ON THE SUNNY, SUNNY
SIDE OF THE STREET ♪

[WHISTLING]

Woman: ♪ WHY AM I HAPPY,
WHY AM I GAY ♪

♪ ME AND MY BABY
JUST MOVED OUT TODAY ♪

♪ TO HAPPINESS STREET ♪

♪ CORNER SUNSHINE SQUARE ♪

Man: HOW DID WE, A YOUNG FAMILY
FROM NORTHUMBERLAND,

COME TO BE ON BOARD
THIS LUXURY LINER,

EN ROUTE TO A DISTANT CONTINENT,

TO START A NEW LIFE?

THE DECISION TO EMIGRATE
FROM ENGLAND TO AUSTRALIA

IS NOT AN EASY ONE TO MAKE.

IT MEANS LEAVING
FRIENDS AND FAMILY,

AND LEAVING THE COUNTRY
IN WHICH YOU WERE BORN.

DO I THINK I'VE DONE
A WISE THING?

ASK ME IN TEN YEARS' TIME,

WHEN THE BAIRNS
ARE LEAVING SCHOOL,

AND I'LL TELL YOU.

Narrator: MATT DICKINSON,
EN ROUTE FOR MELBOURNE.

MANY OF THE MIGRANT SHIPS
ARE LUXURY LINERS.

WITH EVERYTHING FREE
EXCEPT DRINKS AT THE BAR,

THE 5-WEEK VOYAGE TO
AUSTRALIA IS LIKE A HOLIDAY CRUISE.

AT THE EQUATOR,
MATT DICKINSON AND HIS FAMILY

ENJOY THE TRADITIONAL
"CROSSING-THE-LINE" CEREMONY.

Man: ♪ HOOP-DEE-DOO,
HOOP-DEE-DOO... ♪

Dickinson: THE CHILDREN
WERE AMAZED BY THE SIGHT
OF NEPTUNE'S COURT,

AND THE ANTICS OF THE CREW AND
THE NORMALLY STAID PASSENGERS.

THE SIGHT OF BIG BUILT
SCOTCHMEN IN BRASSIERES

AND SMALL BUILT LASSIES
IN OVERSIZE MEN'S PANTS
IS REALLY QUITE FUNNY!

Man: ♪ ...HIGHER THAN A KITE... ♪

Dickinson: ALL THE BAIRNS
GOT A REAL DUCKING
BY NEPTUNE'S HELPERS,

AND I GOT MY SHARE.

Narrator: AFTER 5 LONG WEEKS,
THEY ARRIVE IN THEIR NEW HOME.

[SHIP'S HORN BLOWS]

ENTERING SYDNEY HARBOUR,
MARGERY BLACK:

Black: EVERYONE
HELD THEIR BREATH.

MY FIRST VIEW OF AUSTRALIA.

THE SUN WAS BRILLIANT AND WARM,

BLUE SKY AND SPARKLING WATER.

MOST PEOPLE WERE IMPATIENT
TO GET ASHORE,

BUT I WAS A LITTLE FRIGHTENED.

Narrator: A SHIP'S WELFARE OFFICER
CALMS THE GROWING FEARS.

Officer: WE HAD TO TELL THEM
THAT KANGAROOS WOULDN'T BE
JUMPING DOWN THE STREETS!

A COUPLE OF ELDERLY LADIES
WERE SCARED STIFF

THAT THERE WOULD BE NOTHING BUT

HORDES OF ABORIGINES
TO GREET THEM.

Black: I FELT A PANG OF DESPAIR

THAT I COULD NEVER COPE
IN THIS STRANGE PLACE

AND THAT THE WHOLE TRIP
WAS A MISTAKE.

[INDISTINCT SPEECH OVER P.A.]

Narrator: ON ARRIVAL,

FAMILIES ARE SENT
TO GOVERNMENT HOSTELS.

FROM LONDON, 17-YEAR-OLD
SUSAN JENKINS:

Jenkins: WHEN WE GOT OUT
OF THE BUS AT THE HOSTEL

AND SAW ALL THESE HUTS,

WE FELT LIKE WE'D ARRIVED AT
SOME SORT OF CONCENTRATION CAMP.

OUR FIRST RECEPTION
IN AUSTRALIA.

THEN THERE WERE THESE PEOPLE
TALKING IN REALLY STRONG
AUSTRALIAN ACCENTS.

I DIDN'T LIKE IT AT ALL.

IT WAS A DREADFUL PLACE.

I BEGAN TO THINK I'D SPEND
THE REST OF MY DAYS

IN THIS TIN HUT THING.

Narrator:
BUT MOST MIGRANT FAMILIES
SOON FIND HOMES IN THE SUBURBS

AND BEGIN THE SEARCH FOR WORK.

MANUAL JOBS ARE PLENTIFUL.

MATT DICKINSON WAS A GROCER
IN NORTHUMBERLAND.

IN AUSTRALIA, HE FINDS WORK
WITH A RAILWAY GANG.

Dickinson: YOU HAVE NO IDEA
WHAT A RELIEF THIS NEW START IS.

I DREW MY FIRST PAY
ON THE 24th OF JANUARY.

IT WAS £19 AND SIXPENCE
FOR THE WEEK.

MY LAST PAY IN ENGLAND WAS
£7 AND SIXPENCE!

Narrator: 19-YEAR-OLD
DUNCAN FISHER

WORKS IN A FOUNDRY
IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Fisher: THERE'S A CERTAIN AMOUNT
OF HOSTILITY AT WORK

TOWARDS POMS.

THEY SAY THINGS LIKE "THE ONLY
GOOD POM IS A BLOODY DEAD POM,"

THAT SORT OF THING.

IT'S TAKEN ME A LONG TIME
TO WORK OUT HOW
THE AUSTRALIAN MIND WORKS.

THE WORD "BASTARD"
IS A TERM OF ENDEARMENT.

FOR INSTANCE, "BLOODY POM"
OR "BLOODY POMMY"

IS AN INSULT,

BUT "POMMY BASTARD" IS OK.

Narrator: AUSTRALIA WELCOMES
100,000 EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS A YEAR...

BUT REFUSES ENTRY TO ALMOST
ALL NON-WHITE APPLICANTS.

THE GOVERNMENT IMPOSES A POLICY
KNOWN AS "WHITE AUSTRALIA",

WHICH EVEN DISCRIMINATES AGAINST
THOSE OF COMMONWEALTH ORIGIN.

AUSTRALIAN SECRETARY OF
IMMIGRATION, PETER HEYDON:

Heydon: ONLY THOSE APPLICANTS
WHO CAN BE REGARDED AS

BEING OF "EUROPEAN ORIGIN"

MAY BE PERMITTED TO SETTLE
IN AUSTRALIA.

AUSTRALIANS ARE NERVOUS
ABOUT MINORITIES

WHO FORM ETHNIC COLONIES
IN OUR CITIES.

Narrator: THE "WHITE AUSTRALIA"
POLICY PROVOKES STRONG OPPOSITION

FROM BRITAIN AND
THE COMMONWEALTH.

IN A LETTER TO THE TIMES,
SALLY SIAN FROM LONDON:

IT'S ALL WRONG FOR AUSTRALIA
TO BAR IMMIGRANTS

FROM COLORED
COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES.

INDIA IS OVERPOPULATED
AND STARVING,

AND YET WHEN AUSTRALIA
NEEDS IMMIGRANTS,

IT GOES TO GERMANY AND GREECE.

A FEW YEARS AGO, THE GERMANS
WERE HATED ALL OVER THE WORLD.

NOW THEY'RE WELCOMED
IN AUSTRALIA.

Narrator: BUT IT ISN'T JUST
WOULD-BE IMMIGRANTS

WHO ARE AFFECTED BY THE CONCEPT
OF A "WHITE AUSTRALIA."

FOR DECADES, AUSTRALIA'S
INDIGENOUS POPULATION,

THE ABORIGINES,

HAVE SUFFERED
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION,

THE REMOVAL OF THEIR HOMELANDS,

AND THE DESTRUCTION OF THEIR
TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE.

AUBER NEVILLE, COMMISSIONER
FOR NATIVE AFFAIRS, 1937:

Neville: THE PROBLEM IS ONE THAT
WILL EVENTUALLY SOLVE ITSELF.

THERE ARE A GREAT MANY
FULL-BLOODED ABORIGINES.

THEY ARE NOT GETTING ENOUGH FOOD

AND THEY ARE BEING DECIMATED
BY THEIR OWN TRIBAL PRACTICES.

IN MY OPINION, NO MATTER WHAT
WE DO, THEY WILL DIE OUT.

Narrator: THE POPULATION OF
SO-CALLED "FULL-BLOOD" ABORIGINES

IS RAPIDLY BEING OUTNUMBERED
BY THOSE OF MIXED DESCENT.

IT IS PLANNED THAT EVENTUALLY
ALL WILL BE ABSORBED
INTO WHITE SOCIETY.

FOR 40 YEARS,

THE GOVERNMENT FOLLOWS
A POLICY OF "ASSIMILATION."

MANY CHILDREN IDENTIFIED
AS OF MIXED DESCENT

ARE REMOVED FROM THEIR FAMILIES

AND PLACED WITH WHITE
FOSTER PARENTS,

OR IN CHURCH MISSIONS AND
ORPHANAGES RUN BY WHITES.

Neville: WE HAVE THE POWER TO
TAKE ANY CHILD FROM ITS MOTHER

AT ANY STAGE OF ITS LIFE.

I HAVE NO WISH
TO BREAK UP FAMILIES,

BUT OTHER ASPECTS MUST BE
CONSIDERED BESIDES SENTIMENT.

WE MUST WEED OUT
THE LIGHT-COLORED CHILDREN.

Narrator: IN 1949,

"MILLICENT" IS TAKEN
FROM HER FAMILY.

Millicent: I WAS SO AFRAID
AND UNHAPPY.

I DIDN'T UNDERSTAND
WHAT WAS HAPPENING.

I WAS 4 YEARS OLD.

THAT NIGHT WE WOULD
CRY OURSELVES TO SLEEP.

IT WAS THE LAST TIME
I WAS TO SEE MY PARENTS.

Narrator: TENS OF
THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN,

BOTH THOSE IDENTIFIED AS FULL-BLOOD
AND THOSE OF MIXED DESCENT,

HAVE BEEN SENT TO INSTITUTIONS
FOR "ASSIMILATION."

MANY ARE SUBJECTED
TO BRUTAL TREATMENT.

PHILLIP PROSSER:

Prosser: EVERY LITTLE THING
YOU DID WAS A SIN

AND YOU WERE PUNISHED.

THEY HIT YOU WITH ANYTHING
THEY COULD GET HOLD OF.

I WAS ACCUSED OF
SOMETHING I HADN'T DONE

AND WAS GIVEN 6 ACROSS MY ARMS,

AND FLOGGED FROM MY SHOULDERS
DOWN TO MY LEGS.

Millicent: ALL THEY CONTRIBUTED
TO OUR FUTURE

WAS AN UNREPAIRABLE SCAR OF
LONELINESS, MISTRUST, AND HATRED,

FEARS THAT HAVE BEEN
WITH ME ALL MY LIFE.

Narrator: ON LEAVING SCHOOL,

MANY ABORIGINES SUFFER
FROM UNEMPLOYMENT,
DEPRESSION, ADDICTION.

WELFARE AUTHORITIES WILL TAKE
MANY OF THEIR CHILDREN

AWAY FROM THEM.

1926.

STONEY INDIANS PARADE
IN THE STREETS OF BANFF
IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.

CANADA'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ARE
ALSO VICTIMS OF DISCRIMINATION.

STONEY INDIAN,
ISAAC-ROLLING-IN-THE-MUD:

Isaac-Rolling-in-the-Mud:
WHEN WE GAVE UP THE LAND,

WE GAVE UP OUR RIGHTS.

THAT IS WHY WE FEEL AS IF
WE'RE IN CONFINEMENT...

WITH ALL THE WHITE PEOPLE'S
LAWS AND REGULATIONS.

WE WERE BROUGHT UP FREE.

NOW WE FEEL THE IMPRISONMENT.

Narrator: CANADA HAS BECOME
INDEPENDENT FROM BRITAIN,

BUT, LIKE AUSTRALIA, IT INHERITS
THE PREJUDICES OF EMPIRE.

BY THE 1940s,

LARGE NUMBERS OF WHITE CANADIANS
ARE MOVING FURTHER NORTH.

THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
"ENCOURAGES" THE NOMADIC
ESKIMOS, THE INUIT,

TO LIVE IN SMALL,
FIXED SETTLEMENTS.

IN A REPORT ON SETTLEMENT LIFE,
HENRY LARSEN:

Larsen: CONDITIONS ARE APPALLING.

DESTITUTION, FILTH AND SQUALOR

ARE GRADUALLY UNDERMINING
THE HEALTH OF THESE PEOPLE

AND IF NOT CHECKED WILL RESULT
IN THEIR EXTERMINATION.

Narrator: INUIT, ABE OKPIK:

Okpik: THERE ARE ONLY
VERY FEW OF US ESKIMOS,

BUT MILLIONS OF WHITES,

JUST LIKE MOSQUITOES.

IT IS SOMETHING VERY SPECIAL AND
VERY WONDERFUL TO BE AN ESKIMO.

WE ARE LIKE SNOW GEESE.

IF AN ESKIMO FORGETS
HIS ESKIMO WAYS,

HE WILL BE NOTHING BUT
JUST ANOTHER MOSQUITO.

Narrator: A WHITE RESIDENT
IN FROBISHER BAY:

Man: THIS MAY BE
A DOOMED CULTURE,

BUT WE'RE NOT REPLACING IT
WITH ANYTHING WORTHWHILE.

WE HAVE MADE EVERY MISTAKE
IN THE BRITISH COLONIES

AND THEN SOME.

Narrator: MANY NATIVE PEOPLES
THROUGHOUT CANADA

STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE.

1/3 ARE DEPENDENT ON WELFARE.

THE INFANT MORTALITY RATE IS
DOUBLE THE NATIONAL AVERAGE.

LIFE EXPECTANCY IS ONE OF
THE LOWEST IN THE WORLD.

[MEN CHANTING]

Narrator:
OVER THE NEXT 30 YEARS,

THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
OF THE EMPIRE

WILL STRUGGLE TO OVERTURN
THE LEGACY OF RACISM.

CHIEF DAN GEORGE
OF THE COAST SALISH PEOPLE:

George: DO YOU KNOW WHAT IT'S
LIKE TO HAVE YOUR RACE BELITTLED?

WHAT IT'S LIKE TO BE WITHOUT
PRIDE IN YOUR RACE?

IT IS LIKE NOT CARING
ABOUT TOMORROW,

FOR WHAT DOES TOMORROW MATTER?

IT IS LIKE HAVING A RESERVE
THAT LOOKS LIKE A JUNK YARD

BECAUSE THE BEAUTY
IN THE SOUL IS DEAD.

COME AND INTEGRATE, YOU SAY.

BUT HOW CAN I?

WHAT IS THERE IN MY CULTURE
YOU VALUE?

Narrator: BY THE END OF THE 1950s,

BLACK NATIONALISM IS
WEAKENING BRITAIN'S HOLD

ON ITS AFRICAN COLONIES.

IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA,

POWER LIES
WITH THE WHITE SETTLERS.

THEY ARE DETERMINED TO MAINTAIN
THE HERITAGE OF THEIR
FOUNDING FATHER, CECIL RHODES.

A WHITE FARMER, HAMISH USHER:

Usher: CECIL RHODES
WAS A MAN WITH A VISION.

AN INNER VOICE BECKONED HIM
TO BUILD A GREAT COUNTRY HERE,

IN A LAND ONCE ABANDONED
TO SAVAGERY.

MY GREAT-GRANDFATHER
HELPED CARVE A LIVING

OUT OF THE VIRGIN FOREST.

THE SILENCE OF CENTURIES
WAS BROKEN AT LAST

BY THE SOUNDS OF CIVILIZATION,

BY THE RING OF AX AND HAMMER

AND THE BEAT OF STEAM ENGINES.

Narrator: 220,000 WHITE RHODESIANS
RULE OVER 4,000,000 AFRICANS.

WHITE FARMERS CONTROL
70% OF THE BEST LAND,

LEAVING MOST AFRICANS
WITH SMALL, INFERTILE HOLDINGS.

IN GWELO, GEORGE NDENZE:

Ndenze: THE WAY IN WHICH
THE BLACKS ARE BEING
TREATED BY THE WHITES

IS THE CAUSE OF
ALL THE UNREST TODAY.

THE EUROPEANS HAVE
CHEAP NATIVE LABOR,

WHICH THEY EXPLOIT AT THE
EXPENSE OF AFRICAN ADVANCEMENT.

THE WHITE MAN HAS DEPRIVED US
OF ALL OUR RIGHTS

IN THE LAND OF OUR BIRTH.

OUR STATE IS PITIABLE.

Narrator: THROUGHOUT THE 1960s,
A WAVE OF NATIONALISM
SWEEPS ACROSS AFRICA.

BUT FEARFUL OF SOUTH AFRICA'S
RACIST INFLUENCE,

BRITAIN REFUSES TO GRANT
SOUTHERN RHODESIA
HER INDEPENDENCE,

UNTIL IAN SMITH'S
WHITE GOVERNMENT

YIELDS TO BLACK MAJORITY RULE.

SMITH'S SUPPORTERS
ARE INCENSED.

Man: I MOST CERTAINLY THINK
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT
HAS LET US DOWN,

AND, PERSONALLY,
I THINK THEY STINK.

Woman: AND I THINK IT'S A DISGRACE,

AND I'M TERRIBLY ASHAMED
OF THE FACT THAT

I WAS EVEN BORN IN ENGLAND.

Man: THEY COULD HAVE
REALLY BUILT UP THE EMPIRE.

INSTEAD OF WHICH,
THEY SEEM TO HAVE

GONE OUT OF THEIR WAY
TO DESTROY THEIR EMPIRE.

Second woman: THE BASIC AFRICAN
DEFINITELY IS NOT

IN A POSITION
TO TAKE OVER GOVERNMENT.

Man: THE AFRICAN
IN NO OTHER SPHERE

HAVE PROVED THEMSELVES
CAPABLE OF ANYTHING.

WHY IS IT THAT IN BRITAIN,

THEY SEEM TO THINK
THE ONE THING THE AFRICAN
IS CAPABLE OF DOING IS GOVERNING?

Narrator: IN A LETTER
TO THE RHODESIAN HERALD,

HARRY HART, JULY 1964:

Hart: I DON'T KNOW WHAT
MR. SMITH IS WAITING FOR.

ENGLAND HAS CONTINUALLY
SHOWN ITSELF TO BE
TREACHEROUS TO DEAL WITH.

IF MR. SMITH DECIDES
TO TAKE INDEPENDENCE,

THEN WE ARE ALL BEHIND HIM.

Radio announcer:
THIS IS THE RHODESIAN
BROADCASTING CORPORATION.

HERE IS THE PRIME MINISTER
OF RHODESIA...

Narrator: NOVEMBER 1965.

IAN SMITH SEIZES POWER--

A UNILATERAL DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE.

Smith: ...WE ARE THE FIRST WESTERN
NATION IN THE LAST 2 DECADES

TO HAVE THE DETERMINATION
TO SAY, "SO FAR AND NO FURTHER."

GOD BLESS YOU ALL.

Narrator: RHODESIA
EMBARKS ON A PATH TO
SOUTH AFRICAN-STYLE APARTHEID.

BRITAIN HAS LOST CONTROL
TO WHITE NATIONALISTS

IN HER LAST REMAINING
AFRICAN COLONY.

OVER THE NEXT 15 YEARS,

RHODESIA IS ENGULFED
BY VIOLENT CIVIL WAR.

IAN SMITH'S RHODESIAN ARMY

FIGHTS AGAINST 2 AFRICAN
GUERRILLA FACTIONS.

[INDISTINCT SHOUTING]

Narrator: 1972.

PROTESTERS RIOT AGAINST THE
GOVERNMENT'S RACIST POLICIES.

LEADER OF THE COMMUNIST-BACKED
ZANU GUERRILLAS, ROBERT MUGABE:

Mugabe: OUR OBJECTIVE
IS THE LIQUIDATION OF
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIALISM.

[SHOUTING INDISTINCTLY]

Mugabe: THROUGH ARMED STRUGGLE,

WE WILL SET UP
A DEMOCRATIC STATE.

[SPEAKING NATIVE LANGUAGE]

Narrator: AS THE BATTLE RAGES
IN THE COUNTRYSIDE,

AFRICAN CIVILIANS
ARE CAUGHT IN THE MIDDLE.

AN AFRICAN VILLAGER:

Villager: IF WE REPORT
THE TERRORISTS,
THEY COME AND KILL US.

IF WE DO NOT REPORT THEM,

THE SOLDIERS COME TO TORTURE US.

WE JUST DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO.

Narrator: A SOLDIER
IN THE RHODESIAN ARMY

PATROLS A VILLAGE SUSPECTED OF
HARBORING GUERRILLAS:

[INDISTINCT SHOUTING]

Soldier: YOU GO INTO A VILLAGE

AFTER ONE OF YOUR MATES
HAS BEEN KILLED,

AND YOU FEEL BAD.

AND THEY SAY THEY'VE NEVER
SEEN OR HEARD OF A TERRORIST.

AND YOU BEAT THE HELL
OUT OF THEM.

[SHOUTING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

[GUNSHOTS]

[SHOUTING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

Soldier: WE WILL TAKE THIS MAN

WITH US FOR QUESTIONING,

BUT HE WON'T BE HARMED,
ALL RIGHT?

Narrator: ATROCITIES ARE
COMMITTED BY BOTH SIDES.

30,000 AFRICAN CIVILIANS
ARE KILLED.

WHITE RHODESIANS
ARE ALSO VICTIMS.

48,000 DECIDE TO LEAVE.

MANY MOVE TO SOUTH AFRICA.

[CHEERING]

Narrator: APRIL 1980.

THE WAR IN RHODESIA IS OVER.

ROBERT MUGABE'S ZANU PF PARTY
HAS WON THE COUNTRY'S
FIRST FREE ELECTIONS.

[CHANTING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

BRITAIN'S EMPIRE IN AFRICA
HAS GONE.

Narrator: AS LEADER
OF INDEPENDENT "ZIMBABWE,"

MUGABE EXTENDS
A "HAND OF FRIENDSHIP"

TO THE 100,000 WHITES
WHO CHOOSE TO STAY.

Mugabe: OPPRESSION AND RACISM
MUST NEVER AGAIN FIND SCOPE

IN OUR POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SYSTEM.

IT COULD NEVER BE
A CORRECT JUSTIFICATION

THAT BECAUSE THE WHITES
OPPRESSED US YESTERDAY
WHEN THEY HAD POWER,

THE BLACKS MUST
OPPRESS THEM TODAY.

[SINGING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

Mugabe: LONG LIVE
OUR INDEPENDENCE.

Man: ♪ LONDON IS
THE PLACE FOR ME ♪

♪ LONDON, THIS LOVELY CITY ♪

Narrator: AS THOUSANDS
LEAVE BRITAIN FOR
THE WHITE COMMONWEALTH,

THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT CALLS
FOR WORKERS FROM THE CARIBBEAN

TO HELP BUILD
THE POST-WAR ECONOMY.

BY 1962, OVER 250,000 WEST
INDIANS HAVE ARRIVED IN BRITAIN,

TEMPTED BY THE PROMISE
OF WORK AND A BETTER LIFE.

♪ I AM GLAD TO KNOW
MY MOTHER COUNTRY ♪

Narrator: JAMAICAN POET,
LOUISE BENNETT:

Bennett: WAT A JOYFUL NEWS,
MISS MATTIE,

I FEEL LIKE ME HEART
GWINE BURST.

JAMAICA PEOPLE
COLONIZIN ENGLAN IN REVERSE.

♪ LONDON, THAT'S THE PLACE-- ♪

Bennett: DEM A POUR
OUT A JAMAICA,

EVERYBODY FUTURE PLAN
IS FE GET A BIG-TIME JOB

AN SETTLE IN DE MOTHER LAN.

♪ TO LIVE IN LONDON,
YOU RARELY... ♪

♪ BECAUSE THE ENGLISH PEOPLE
ARE VERY MUCH...♪

Narrator: BUT THE GOVERNMENT'S
"OPEN DOOR POLICY"

AWAKENS PREJUDICE
WITHIN MANY BRITONS.

REPORTING FOR THE
"KINGSTON STAR," RICHARD WEST:

West: AT WATERLOO STATION
ON SATURDAY AFTERNOON,

A POLICEMAN WATCHED
THE HUNDREDS OF WEST INDIANS

WHO HAD JUST COME OFF
THE BOAT-TRAIN.

"WELL, THAT'S THE LAST OF THEM,"
HE SAID WITH A PLEASED SMILE.

BUT HIS TAXI-DRIVER FRIEND
REPLIED,

"TOO BLOODY LATE, MATE.
THE COUNTRY'S BEEN
OVERRUN ALREADY!"

Narrator: ARRIVING IN LONDON
FROM BARBADOS, COLIN JEMMOTT:

Jemmott: THE ENGLISH
ARE CLEVER.

THEY RAN THEIR EMPIRE
BY A CONFIDENCE TRICK.

WE WERE GIVEN
AN ENGLISH EDUCATION.

WE WERE TOLD ENGLAND
WAS THE GREATEST COUNTRY
IN THE WORLD.

WE CAME HERE,
AND TO OUR SURPRISE,

FOUND YOU WOULDN'T ACCEPT US.

Narrator: MANY BRITISH PEOPLE
HAVE STRUGGLED TO REBUILD
THEIR LIVES SINCE THE WAR.

THEY RESENT THE GROWING INFLUX
OF BLACK IMMIGRANTS.

Man: THE BRITISH WORKING CLASS
FOUGHT FOR 70 YEARS AND MORE

TO DRAG ITSELF UP
TO A DECENT STANDARD OF LIVING.

NOW THEY COME IN
AND REAP ALL THE BENEFIT.

Narrator: A LANDLADY IN SALFORD:

Landlady: I DON'T TAKE BLACKS.

I'M SORRY FOR THE DARKIES,
THAT I AM,

BUT I KNOW WHAT
THE NEIGHBORS WOULD SAY.

"LOOK AT MRS. SO AND SO,

SHE REALLY HAS COME DOWN
IN THE WORLD."

Narrator: MOST IMMIGRANTS
ARE OFFERED MENIAL JOBS,

REGARDLESS OF THEIR
TRAINING AND SKILLS.

Man: THEY WANT US TO WORK,
BUT NOT ANYWHERE.

LOOK AT ALL THE WEST INDIANS
IN LONDON TRANSPORT.

Second man: WHEN I LOOK AROUND
THE CITY OF LONDON,

I DO NOT FIND EDUCATED
COLORED MEN WORKING IN BANKS

OR AS POLICEMEN.

YOU CAN'T GET A GOOD JOB,

THE SORT OF JOB YOU ARE
CAPABLE OF DOING.

YOU HAVE TO TAKE
WHAT YOU CAN GET,

WHAT OTHER PEOPLE DON'T WANT.

Narrator: WEST INDIAN ACTIVISTS

CAMPAIGN AGAINST
THE GROWING RACISM.

FROM TRINIDAD, CLAUDIA JONES:

Jones: IF ALL THE COLORED PEOPLE
WERE THROWN INTO THE SEA,

IT WOULDN'T SOLVE THE HOUSING
PROBLEMS OR PROVIDE ENOUGH JOBS.

ONE REASON BEHIND
THE RACE PREJUDICE

IS THAT BRITAIN IS
AN IMPERIAL COUNTRY.

BUT COLORED PEOPLE ARE NOW
DEMANDING THEIR FREEDOM

AND EXPECT TO BE
TREATED AS EQUALS.

Narrator: BUT IN 1962,

THE CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT
PASSES THE COMMONWEALTH
IMMIGRANTS ACT,

RESTRICTING ENTRY TO BRITAIN
FROM WITHIN THE EMPIRE.

WEST INDIANS DUB IT
"THE COLOR BAR BILL."

MANY WHITE BRITONS ARE APPALLED.

Man: IS THIS REALLY THE BEST WAY
TO INTEGRATE PEOPLE?

HOW DO IMMIGRANTS ALREADY
HERE FEEL TO BE TOLD,

"YES, YOU CAN STAY,

BUT WE DON'T WANT
ANY MORE OF YOUR SORT"?

[PEOPLE SPEAKING INDISTINCTLY]

Man: THESE POLICIES WILL LEAD
TO EXACTLY THE SOCIAL DISASTER

THEY WANT TO AVOID.

Man: FEAR, THAT'S WHAT'S
KILLING YOU LOT,

FEAR AND IGNORANCE.
IT ISN'T IGNORANCE.

IGNORANT OF... [INDISTINCT]

Narrator: BUT RACIAL HOSTILITY
TOWARDS BLACK BRITONS

CONTINUES TO GROW.

INTELLIGENT FOOLS,
YOU LOT, YOU ARE.

...BECAUSE OF THE COLOR OF MY
SKIN. WHAT CAN I DO ABOUT THIS?

NOTHING. NOTHING.

Narrator: BY 1968,

THE ENTRY OF THOUSANDS
OF ASIANS INTO BRITAIN,

MANY EXPELLED FROM
THE FORMER COLONY OF KENYA,

PROMPTS THE LABOUR GOVERNMENT

TO PASS A SECOND
COMMONWEALTH IMMIGRANTS ACT.

FOR SOME, HOWEVER,
THE CONTROLS ARE NOT ENOUGH.

IN A SPEECH IN BIRMINGHAM,
CONSERVATIVE M.P., ENOCH POWELL:

Powell: IN 15 OR 20 YEARS,

THERE WILL BE IN THIS COUNTRY

3.5 MILLION
COMMONWEALTH IMMIGRANTS...

WHOLE AREAS WILL BE OCCUPIED
BY THE IMMIGRANT POPULATION.

IT IS LIKE WATCHING A NATION

BUSILY ENGAGED IN HEAPING UP
ITS OWN FUNERAL PYRE.

I AM FILLED WITH FOREBODING.

LIKE THE ROMAN, I SEEM TO SEE

"THE RIVER TIBER
FOAMING WITH MUCH BLOOD".

Narrator: POWELL IS THROWN OUT
OF THE SHADOW CABINET

THE DAY AFTER HIS
'RIVERS OF BLOOD' SPEECH.

[CHANTING]
WE LOVE ENOCH POWELL.
WE LOVE ENOCH...

Narrator: BUT A NATIONAL POLL
SHOWS THAT 74% OF THE
POPULATION AGREE WITH HIM.

[CHANTING]
WE LOVE ENOCH POWELL.

Man: I THINK IT IS MONSTROUS
THAT THE MAN HAS BEEN

SACKED FROM THE SHADOW CABINET
FOR TELLING THE TRUTH.

WE WANT A COMPLETE
BAN ON IMMIGRATION

OR WE WANT
ALL POST-WAR IMMIGRANTS

SENT BACK TO THEIR HOMELANDS.

[CROWD BOOING]

Second man, voice-over:
I LOVE MY COUNTRY

AND I CAN SEE IT BEING
RUN DOWN BY A LOWER CLASS.

I WANT MY OWN CULTURE,
MY OWN BELIEFS,
WHAT I FOUGHT FOR.

[INDISTINCT SHOUTING]

Narrator: OSCAR HAHN,
OF THE WEST MIDLANDS
RACE RELATIONS BOARD:

Hahn: IF MR POWELL WANTS
TO TELL MORE THAN ONE MILLION
CITIZENS OF THIS COUNTRY

THAT BECAUSE THEY ARE COLORED,
THEY'RE UNWANTED HERE,

THIS IS AN ACT OF BRUTALITY
FROM WHICH THIS COUNTRY
COULD NEVER MORALLY RECOVER.

Narrator: THROUGHOUT THE 1970s,

MANY COMMONWEALTH IMMIGRANTS
BECOME INCREASINGLY ISOLATED

WITHIN BRITISH SOCIETY.

INDIAN-BORN
FACTORY WORKER RAMPAL:

Rampal: I OFTEN WONDER
IN MY HEART

WHY ENGLISH PEOPLE DO NOT
THINK WELL OF COLORED PEOPLE.

MY CHILDREN WILL THINK OF
THEMSELVES AS INDIAN

AND WILL LIVE AS INDIANS,

BECAUSE SO LONG AS
THEIR COLOR IS NOT WHITE,

ENGLISH PEOPLE WILL NOT
REGARD THEM AS BRITISH.

[PLAYING MARCH]

Narrator: 1997.

AFTER 155 YEARS,

BRITAIN HANDS OVER THE RULE
OF HONG KONG TO CHINA.

Man: NOW, HONG KONG PEOPLE
ARE TO RUN HONG KONG.

THAT IS THE PROMISE,

AND THAT IS
THE UNSHAKABLE DESTINY.

Narrator: AT THE STROKE
OF MIDNIGHT,

THE UNION JACK IS LOWERED
FOR THE LAST TIME.

IN THE "DAILY MAIL,"
ALLAN MASSIE:

Massie: NOW IT REALLY IS THE END.

A FEW ISLANDS TOO SMALL AND POOR
TO MANAGE ON THEIR OWN

MAY STILL BE COLORED PINK
ON THE WORLD'S MAP,

BUT WITH THE RETURN
OF HONG KONG TO CHINA,

THE LIGHTS OF THE EMPIRE
HAVE BEEN EXTINGUISHED.

WHAT THEN IS THE LEGACY?

Narrator: THE 20th CENTURY
SAW THE BRITISH EMPIRE REACH
ITS GREATEST EXTENT AND MIGHT.

BUT 2 WORLD WARS
WEAKENED BRITAIN'S POWER.

IN JUST 20 YEARS,

MOST OF THE EMPIRE WAS
HANDED BACK TO ITS PEOPLE.

Man: JOMO KENYATTA.

Narrator: MANY OF THOSE
WHO SERVED THE EMPIRE

ARE PROUD OF THE LEGACY
THEY LEFT BEHIND.

DIPLOMAT'S WIFE, JOAN ALEXANDER
WAS IN AFRICA FOR 10 YEARS.

Alexander: I KNOW THE POPULAR
IMAGE OF OLD COLONIALS IS

GIN-SWILLING SO-AND-SOS,

BUT IT WASN'T LIKE THAT AT ALL.

I HONESTLY FEEL THAT
WE WERE DOING SOMETHING.

WE FELT WE WERE MAKING
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE COUNTRY.

THE GROWING GENERATION
SHOULD SEEK OUT THOSE
COLONIAL MEN AND WOMEN

WHO HAVE A TALE TO TELL,

BECAUSE, WHETHER THEY
LIKED IT OR NOT,

THEY FOLLOWED THE FLAG
AND DID THEIR DUTY.

Narrator: EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY,
SPORT, LAW AND DEMOCRACY.

ALL ARE POSITIVE LEGACIES
OF EMPIRE.

COMMONWEALTH COUNTRIES

WHICH ONCE OPPRESSED
THEIR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

ARE STRIVING TO REDRESS
THE WRONGS OF THE PAST.

IN 1992, AUSTRALIA'S PRIME
MINISTER, PAUL KEATING

ACKNOWLEDGED THE SUFFERING
OF THE ABORIGINES.

[APPLAUSE]

WE TOOK THE TRADITIONAL LANDS

AND SMASHED THE TRADITIONAL
WAY OF LIFE.

WE BROUGHT THE DISEASES
AND THE ALCOHOL.

WE COMMITTED THE MURDERS.

WE TOOK THE CHILDREN
FROM THEIR MOTHERS.

WE PRACTICED DISCRIMINATION
AND EXCLUSION. [APPLAUSE]

IT WAS OUR IGNORANCE
AND OUR PREJUDICE.

Narrator: BUT THE NEGATIVE
LEGACY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

STILL BLIGHTS THE LIVES
OF MANY IN THE FORMER COLONIES.

IN 1947,

BRITAIN LOST ITS GREATEST
POSSESSION, INDIA.

AMITABH PAL:

Pal: AS THEIR FINAL ACT BEFORE
RELINQUISHING COLONIAL CONTROL,

THE BRITISH DECIDED
TO DIVIDE INDIA.

THE RESULT WAS
A HUMAN CATASTROPHE.

INDEPENDENT INDIA AND PAKISTAN
HAVE TO DEAL WITH
THIS LEGACY OF PARTITION.

Narrator: IN JANUARY 2002,

PEOPLE FLEE ACROSS
THE BORDER ONCE AGAIN,

AS INDIA AND PAKISTAN FIGHT
OVER THE POSSESSION OF KASHMIR.

BRITISH JOURNALIST
PETER PRESTON:

Preston: NEW DELHI AND ISLAMABAD

ARE LOCKED IN A TIME WARP
OF HALF A CENTURY AGO.

ONLY THE NUCLEAR WARHEADS
IN THEIR ARSENALS ARE NEW.

KASHMIR IS THE WORLD'S MOST
PUNISHINGLY FUTILE CRISIS.

50 YEARS ON, THE MESS
THAT WE BRITS LEFT BEHIND

RETURNS TO HAUNT US ALL.

[SHOUTING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

Narrator: 20 YEARS AFTER
RHODESIA'S INDEPENDENCE,

ROBERT MUGABE HEADS A
REPRESSIVE REGIME IN ZIMBABWE.

HIS "WAR VETERANS,"

SOME FORMER GUERRILLAS FROM
THE SEVENTIES WAR OF INDEPENDENCE,

ARE SEIZING LAND
FROM WHITE FARMERS.

Mugabe: THE LAND IS OURS.

WE ARE NOT PART
OF BRITISH EMPIRE.

WE ARE NOT
AN EXTENSION OF BRITAIN.

SO, MR. BLAIR, HANDS OFF, PLEASE.

Narrator: FARMER, CATHY BUCKLE,
MARCH 2000:

Buckle: DOZENS OF FARMS
HAVE BEEN INVADED

BY HUGE CROWDS
WIELDING AXES AND STICKS,

SHOUTING AND SINGING
AND DEMANDING LAND.

[SPEAKING NATIVE LANGUAGE]
[ALL SHOUT IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

WE WILL REMAIN HERE
TILL WE DIE.

[ALL SHOUT IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

Buckle: MY INITIAL REACTION
WAS TO GET OUT,

EVACUATE THE FARM.

BUT HOW DO YOU MAKE THE DECISION
TO WALK OUT ON YOUR LIFE,

YOUR HOME,

EVERYTHING YOU HAVE WORKED FOR,

ALL THE PEOPLE
THAT DEPEND ON YOU?

[SINGING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE]

Narrator: BY 2002,

95% OF WHITE FARMS HAVE BEEN
SEIZED BY MUGABE'S FORCES.

BUT THE LEGACY OF EMPIRE IS
MOST EVIDENT IN BRITAIN ITSELF.

IN 50 YEARS, THE FACE OF BRITAIN
HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED.

BRITAIN'S MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY
EMBRACES PEOPLE, CULTURES,
AND RELIGIONS

FROM ALL OVER THE FORMER EMPIRE.

BUT SOMETIMES THIS DIVERSITY
IGNITES RACIAL TENSION.

[GUNSHOT]

[INDISTINCT SHOUTING]

IN THE SUMMER OF 2001,

VIOLENT RACE RIOTS
BETWEEN WHITES AND ASIANS

FLARED IN BRITAIN'S
NORTHERN TOWNS AND CITIES.

[SIREN WAILING]

[INDISTINCT SHOUT]

Narrator: IN BRADFORD,
MANAWAR JAN-KHAN:

Jan-Khan: THE EMPIRE HAS FADED
FROM THE SUBCONTINENT,

BUT WITHIN OUR STREETS,
THE WHITE SAHIBS STILL
MAKE THE DECISIONS.

WE ARE THE NEW GENERATION
OF ASIAN YOUNG PEOPLE,

BRITISH CITIZENS BORN AND BRED,

FREE FROM
THE SHACKLES OF EMPIRE,

YEARNING TO BE GIVEN
FAIR AND EQUAL TREATMENT.

Narrator: TODAY, WHITE, BLACK,
AND ASIAN BRITONS

SEARCH FOR A NEW NATIONAL
IDENTITY WITHIN EUROPE.

THE PREJUDICES OF EMPIRE
ARE FINALLY FADING.

OXFORD PROFESSOR,
TAPAN RAYCHAUDHURI:

Raychaudhuri: OF COURSE
THERE ARE PROBLEMS

WHEN PEOPLE FROM VERY DIFFERENT
CULTURES COME TO LIVE TOGETHER.

THE PICTURE 50 YEARS AGO
WAS VERY DIFFERENT.

BUT THE PROBLEM TODAY
OWES MORE TO DEPRIVATION

THAN TO INTOLERANCE
AND CULTURAL BIGOTRY.

IN MY EXPERIENCE,

THIS IS THE MOST TOLERANT
SOCIETY IN THE WORLD.

I AM DEEPLY OPTIMISTIC
ABOUT THE FUTURE

OF MULTICULTURAL BRITAIN.