Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:01,468 --> 00:00:01,501
Na
2
00:00:01,501 --> 00:00:01,534
Narr
3
00:00:01,534 --> 00:00:01,568
Narrat
4
00:00:01,568 --> 00:00:01,601
Narrator
5
00:00:01,601 --> 00:00:01,634
Narrator:
6
00:00:01,634 --> 00:00:01,668
Narrator: Fi
7
00:00:01,668 --> 00:00:01,701
Narrator: Five
8
00:00:01,701 --> 00:00:01,735
Narrator: Five U
9
00:00:01,735 --> 00:00:01,768
Narrator: Five US
10
00:00:01,768 --> 00:00:01,801
Narrator: Five US na
11
00:00:01,801 --> 00:00:01,835
Narrator: Five US navy
12
00:00:01,835 --> 00:00:01,868
Narrator: Five US navy b
13
00:00:01,868 --> 00:00:01,901
Narrator: Five US navy bom
14
00:00:01,901 --> 00:00:01,935
Narrator: Five US navy bombe
15
00:00:01,935 --> 00:00:02,035
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
16
00:00:02,035 --> 00:00:02,068
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
my
17
00:00:02,068 --> 00:00:02,102
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
myst
18
00:00:02,102 --> 00:00:02,135
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
myster
19
00:00:02,135 --> 00:00:02,168
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysterio
20
00:00:02,168 --> 00:00:02,202
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysterious
21
00:00:02,202 --> 00:00:02,235
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously
22
00:00:02,235 --> 00:00:02,268
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously d
23
00:00:02,268 --> 00:00:02,302
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously dis
24
00:00:02,302 --> 00:00:02,335
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously disap
25
00:00:02,335 --> 00:00:02,369
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously disappe
26
00:00:02,369 --> 00:00:02,402
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously disappear
27
00:00:02,402 --> 00:00:03,903
Narrator: Five US navy bombers
mysteriously disappear,
28
00:00:03,903 --> 00:00:06,239
while flying over the
Bermuda Triangle.
29
00:00:07,140 --> 00:00:09,576
Adam Bunch: The plan seemed
pretty straightforward:
30
00:00:09,576 --> 00:00:13,246
a familiar route flown countless
times by other squadrons,
31
00:00:13,246 --> 00:00:15,849
and should've been routine.
32
00:00:15,849 --> 00:00:17,350
James Ellis: How does
an entire squadron,
33
00:00:17,350 --> 00:00:20,820
followed closely by its
rescuers, simply disappear?
34
00:00:20,820 --> 00:00:23,957
Narrator: The tomb of Egypt's
notorious Queen Cleopatra,
35
00:00:23,957 --> 00:00:26,126
is lost to the sands of time.
36
00:00:27,060 --> 00:00:28,995
Anthea Nardi: Cleopatra
was Egypt's last pharaoh;
37
00:00:28,995 --> 00:00:31,031
maybe the world's
first celebrity;
38
00:00:31,031 --> 00:00:33,500
and maybe the greatest queen
the world's ever known.
39
00:00:34,267 --> 00:00:37,203
Adam Bunch: Where is
Cleopatra's lost tomb?
40
00:00:37,804 --> 00:00:40,106
Narrator: The vast treasures of
the Knights Templar
41
00:00:40,106 --> 00:00:41,508
vanish without a trace.
42
00:00:43,076 --> 00:00:45,045
Alison Leonard:
On the 13th of October, 1307,
43
00:00:45,045 --> 00:00:47,247
more than 600 Templars
were swept up,
44
00:00:47,247 --> 00:00:49,182
and interrogated under torture,
45
00:00:49,182 --> 00:00:50,617
which many of them
didn't survive.
46
00:00:51,684 --> 00:00:53,787
James Ellis: Once the Knights
were all dead or gone,
47
00:00:53,787 --> 00:00:57,123
very little of their gold
turned up, and it still hasn't.
48
00:00:57,123 --> 00:00:58,825
So what happened
to the treasures
49
00:00:58,825 --> 00:00:59,959
of the Knights Templar?
50
00:00:59,959 --> 00:01:01,261
♪ (show theme music) ♪
51
00:01:01,261 --> 00:01:04,297
Narrator: The chain of history
has many missing links.
52
00:01:04,864 --> 00:01:06,132
Prominent people.
53
00:01:06,132 --> 00:01:07,901
Priceless treasures.
54
00:01:07,901 --> 00:01:09,702
Extraordinary artifacts.
55
00:01:10,770 --> 00:01:13,239
Their locations still unknown...
56
00:01:13,239 --> 00:01:15,542
Lost to the fog of time.
57
00:01:16,576 --> 00:01:19,579
What happens when
stories of the past...
58
00:01:19,579 --> 00:01:20,980
become...
59
00:01:20,980 --> 00:01:22,582
Vanished History?
60
00:01:22,582 --> 00:01:28,254
♪♪
61
00:01:29,289 --> 00:01:37,831
♪♪
62
00:01:37,831 --> 00:01:40,133
Narrator:
On December 5, 1945,
63
00:01:40,133 --> 00:01:43,670
five U.S. Navy TBM Avenger
torpedo bombers
64
00:01:43,670 --> 00:01:45,171
roared off the runway
65
00:01:45,171 --> 00:01:48,108
at Naval Air Station
Fort Lauderdale.
66
00:01:48,108 --> 00:01:50,577
Under the command of
Lieutenant Charles C. Taylor,
67
00:01:50,577 --> 00:01:54,047
the squadron embarked
on a routine training mission.
68
00:01:54,047 --> 00:01:56,516
But what began as
a simple operation,
69
00:01:56,516 --> 00:02:00,320
would end as one of aviation's
greatest mysteries.
70
00:02:01,988 --> 00:02:03,823
Adam Bunch: The plan seemed
straightforward:
71
00:02:03,823 --> 00:02:08,862
head east to Hen and Chicken
Shoals for bombing practice,
72
00:02:08,862 --> 00:02:11,431
then north over
Grand Bahama Island,
73
00:02:11,431 --> 00:02:13,967
and finally southwest
back to Florida.
74
00:02:13,967 --> 00:02:15,435
It was a familiar route
75
00:02:15,435 --> 00:02:18,037
from countless times
by other squadrons,
76
00:02:18,037 --> 00:02:20,140
and it should have been routine.
77
00:02:21,841 --> 00:02:24,444
A. Leonard: Lieutenant Taylor
had more than 2,500 flight hours
78
00:02:24,444 --> 00:02:26,546
and years of experience
under his belt,
79
00:02:26,546 --> 00:02:28,181
including extensive
combat experience
80
00:02:28,181 --> 00:02:29,616
in the Pacific Theater.
81
00:02:29,616 --> 00:02:32,051
He was the kind of leader
you'd trust in any situation.
82
00:02:32,952 --> 00:02:35,421
But even the most seasoned
pilots can find themselves
83
00:02:35,421 --> 00:02:37,724
overwhelmed by
unpredictable factors,
84
00:02:37,724 --> 00:02:40,226
especially in the treacherous
conditions of the Atlantic.
85
00:02:41,628 --> 00:02:43,796
James Ellis: As daylight faded,
the radio transmissions
86
00:02:43,796 --> 00:02:47,333
from Flight 19 grew
increasingly troubling,
87
00:02:47,333 --> 00:02:51,137
until their final message
dissolved into a buzz of static.
88
00:02:51,137 --> 00:02:53,306
(radio static sounds)
89
00:02:53,306 --> 00:02:56,309
By nightfall, all five planes
and their 14 crew members
90
00:02:56,309 --> 00:02:58,311
had vanished without a trace.
91
00:02:58,311 --> 00:03:01,548
Along with the twin engine
PBM Mariner rescue craft
92
00:03:01,548 --> 00:03:05,318
that had been sent to find them,
which carried 13 more men.
93
00:03:05,318 --> 00:03:07,487
So how does an entire squadron,
94
00:03:07,487 --> 00:03:10,557
followed closely by its
rescuers, simply disappear?
95
00:03:11,624 --> 00:03:13,893
Narrator:
By nightfall, all five planes
96
00:03:13,893 --> 00:03:17,263
and their 14 crew members had
vanished without a trace,
97
00:03:17,263 --> 00:03:20,500
along with the twin-engine
PBM Mariner Rescue craft
98
00:03:20,500 --> 00:03:22,402
that had been sent to find them,
99
00:03:22,402 --> 00:03:24,437
which carried 13 more men.
100
00:03:25,038 --> 00:03:29,108
The disappearance of Flight 19
wasn't an isolated event.
101
00:03:29,108 --> 00:03:32,145
In the infamous waters
of the Bermuda Triangle,
102
00:03:32,145 --> 00:03:34,881
unexplained phenomena
and human error,
103
00:03:34,881 --> 00:03:36,616
have long converged,
104
00:03:36,616 --> 00:03:39,152
sparking endless debate
about the balance
105
00:03:39,152 --> 00:03:41,354
between mystery and misstep.
106
00:03:42,355 --> 00:03:44,057
Amma Agbedor:
Flight 19 solidified
107
00:03:44,057 --> 00:03:46,492
the Bermuda Triangle's
reputation
108
00:03:46,492 --> 00:03:50,797
as a place where reality and the
unexplained collide.
109
00:03:51,364 --> 00:03:54,634
Over the years, it's become
one of the defining stories
110
00:03:54,634 --> 00:03:57,904
behind the speculation
surrounding this area,
111
00:03:57,904 --> 00:04:01,641
linked to strange occurrences,
navigational errors,
112
00:04:01,641 --> 00:04:05,478
and the disappearances
of ships and planes.
113
00:04:06,579 --> 00:04:09,549
Adam Bunch: The pilots knew
their aircraft and the region.
114
00:04:09,549 --> 00:04:12,619
Nearly every Avenger
had a crew of three Marines
115
00:04:12,619 --> 00:04:13,686
or Navy personnel.
116
00:04:13,686 --> 00:04:16,222
Only one of them had
two crew members,
117
00:04:16,222 --> 00:04:18,891
and even the trainees had
already logged about
118
00:04:18,891 --> 00:04:21,060
300 flight hours each.
119
00:04:21,060 --> 00:04:23,796
Their flight leader Taylor,
had 2,500.
120
00:04:25,665 --> 00:04:27,767
James Ellis: Weather conditions
at the start were ideal,
121
00:04:27,767 --> 00:04:29,636
clear skies and calm seas.
122
00:04:29,636 --> 00:04:32,372
Flight 19 took off
just after 2 PM,
123
00:04:32,372 --> 00:04:35,275
about 25 minutes
behind schedule.
124
00:04:35,275 --> 00:04:38,244
But by 3 PM, they had completed
their torpedo runs
125
00:04:38,244 --> 00:04:40,947
at Hen and Chicken Shoals
without incident.
126
00:04:40,947 --> 00:04:43,483
Everything seemed to be
progressing as planned,
127
00:04:43,483 --> 00:04:45,985
and they were on course to
return to Fort Lauderdale
128
00:04:45,985 --> 00:04:47,654
by 5:30 PM.
129
00:04:48,788 --> 00:04:50,857
Narrator: As the squadron
prepared to shift
130
00:04:50,857 --> 00:04:54,927
to their next leg, unforeseen
challenges began to take hold.
131
00:04:56,195 --> 00:04:58,031
Amma Agbedor: At around 3:45 PM,
132
00:04:58,031 --> 00:05:02,268
a flight instructor picked up a
transmission from Flight 19:
133
00:05:02,268 --> 00:05:04,637
it was clear they were lost.
134
00:05:04,637 --> 00:05:07,940
They believed they had veered
over the Florida Keys
135
00:05:07,940 --> 00:05:10,410
and into the Gulf of Mexico,
136
00:05:10,410 --> 00:05:14,147
despite being far north,
near the Bahamas.
137
00:05:14,147 --> 00:05:16,416
As a result of
this misjudgment,
138
00:05:16,416 --> 00:05:19,485
Taylor ordered the
squadron northeast,
139
00:05:19,485 --> 00:05:21,321
into the open Atlantic,
140
00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:25,091
putting the flight up to
200 miles off course
141
00:05:25,091 --> 00:05:27,460
and deeper into danger.
142
00:05:28,594 --> 00:05:30,029
Adam Bunch:
Over the next two hours,
143
00:05:30,029 --> 00:05:32,365
Flight 19 kept
changing direction.
144
00:05:32,365 --> 00:05:34,767
They were desperately
searching for home.
145
00:05:34,767 --> 00:05:38,171
More than 20 ground stations
scrambled to track them,
146
00:05:38,171 --> 00:05:40,506
but for ages nothing showed up.
147
00:05:40,506 --> 00:05:43,810
Even their IFF transmitter's
identification friend or foe,
148
00:05:43,810 --> 00:05:45,478
which should have
made them visible,
149
00:05:45,478 --> 00:05:47,714
didn't register or
weren't turned on,
150
00:05:47,714 --> 00:05:50,516
so the squadron was
completely off grid.
151
00:05:51,417 --> 00:05:53,286
Alison Leonard:
By 6 PM, signal antennas
152
00:05:53,286 --> 00:05:54,954
finally located Flight 19,
153
00:05:54,954 --> 00:05:57,857
approximately 75 miles northeast
of Fort Lauderdale,
154
00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:00,493
showing just how far off
course they had flown.
155
00:06:00,493 --> 00:06:02,495
With barely an
hour of fuel left,
156
00:06:02,495 --> 00:06:04,964
their chances of survival
were fading fast.
157
00:06:04,964 --> 00:06:06,766
In Taylor's final transmission,
158
00:06:06,766 --> 00:06:09,635
just 30 minutes later, the
garbled, fading voices
159
00:06:09,635 --> 00:06:11,504
painted a haunting picture of
their flight,
160
00:06:11,504 --> 00:06:14,407
lost, out of time,
and powerless.
161
00:06:16,042 --> 00:06:18,244
James Ellis: Over the next
five days, the Coast Guard
162
00:06:18,244 --> 00:06:22,014
and Navy combed more than
250,000 square miles
163
00:06:22,014 --> 00:06:23,716
of the Atlantic and Gulf.
164
00:06:23,716 --> 00:06:25,785
But their efforts
yielded nothing.
165
00:06:25,785 --> 00:06:29,389
No wreckage, no life rafts,
no trace at all.
166
00:06:29,389 --> 00:06:32,191
In the end, the search
brought no answers,
167
00:06:32,191 --> 00:06:34,160
only more questions.
168
00:06:34,961 --> 00:06:37,430
Narrator: In the endless
expanse of sea and sky,
169
00:06:37,430 --> 00:06:39,799
Flight 19 vanished into a realm
170
00:06:39,799 --> 00:06:42,268
where certainty
gave way to chaos,
171
00:06:42,268 --> 00:06:45,338
testing the limits
of both man and machine.
172
00:06:46,672 --> 00:06:48,941
Amma Agbedor: Lieutenant
Taylor's radio transmissions
173
00:06:48,941 --> 00:06:52,478
revealed one potential cause
of this tragedy:
174
00:06:52,478 --> 00:06:55,581
navigational disorientation.
175
00:06:55,581 --> 00:06:59,419
He mistakenly believed the
squadron had drifted
176
00:06:59,419 --> 00:07:02,722
over the Florida Keys,
when in reality,
177
00:07:02,722 --> 00:07:06,159
they were further north,
near the Bahamas.
178
00:07:06,159 --> 00:07:08,728
His mistake pulled
them off course,
179
00:07:08,728 --> 00:07:12,498
leading them deeper into the
vast, unforgiving Atlantic.
180
00:07:13,566 --> 00:07:15,735
Adam Bunch:
A little after 4 PM,
181
00:07:15,735 --> 00:07:19,572
Taylor reported that both of his
compasses were malfunctioning,
182
00:07:19,572 --> 00:07:21,774
so he had no reliable
instruments
183
00:07:21,774 --> 00:07:24,343
and tried to lead
his squadron home
184
00:07:24,343 --> 00:07:27,113
by using visual
landmarks and instinct.
185
00:07:28,214 --> 00:07:30,850
James Ellis: The Navy's protocol
for disoriented pilots
186
00:07:30,850 --> 00:07:34,854
was clear: turn west and fly
toward the setting sun.
187
00:07:34,854 --> 00:07:37,757
This fail-safe was
ingrained in training,
188
00:07:37,757 --> 00:07:40,993
and designed to guide
aviators back to land.
189
00:07:40,993 --> 00:07:43,963
But Taylor, convinced they
were over the Gulf of Mexico,
190
00:07:43,963 --> 00:07:47,733
ignored this procedure and
directed the squadron northeast,
191
00:07:47,733 --> 00:07:49,836
straight into the open ocean.
192
00:07:51,871 --> 00:07:54,207
Narrator: Radio transcripts show
the escalating tension
193
00:07:54,207 --> 00:07:56,542
within the squadron
as the trainees
194
00:07:56,542 --> 00:07:58,945
began to question
Taylor's decisions.
195
00:07:59,979 --> 00:08:02,448
Amma Agbedor: The situation
quickly deteriorated
196
00:08:02,448 --> 00:08:05,451
until it bordered on hysteria.
197
00:08:05,451 --> 00:08:07,887
One pilot was overheard saying,
198
00:08:07,887 --> 00:08:12,258
"If we'd just fly west,
we'd get home."
199
00:08:12,258 --> 00:08:14,927
But Taylor doubled
down on his error,
200
00:08:14,927 --> 00:08:18,664
which is a phenomenon
known as cognitive lockup.
201
00:08:18,664 --> 00:08:20,900
That's when stress narrows focus
202
00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:24,003
and leaders become fixated
on wrong assumptions,
203
00:08:24,003 --> 00:08:27,540
despite mounting
evidence to the contrary.
204
00:08:28,975 --> 00:08:31,043
Alison Leonard: It's hard to
believe navigational error
205
00:08:31,043 --> 00:08:32,778
alone explains everything.
206
00:08:32,778 --> 00:08:35,047
Sure, Taylor's misjudgment
might have started
207
00:08:35,047 --> 00:08:36,249
the chain of events,
208
00:08:36,249 --> 00:08:37,917
but the complete lack
of wreckage,
209
00:08:37,917 --> 00:08:39,986
and the silence from the
distress systems?
210
00:08:39,986 --> 00:08:42,755
That hints at something else
being part of the story.
211
00:08:44,857 --> 00:08:47,627
Narrator: While human error
offers part of the explanation,
212
00:08:47,627 --> 00:08:49,695
unanswered questions linger,
213
00:08:49,695 --> 00:08:51,764
hinting at complications
and failures,
214
00:08:51,764 --> 00:08:55,067
that may have turned
confusion into catastrophe.
215
00:08:56,269 --> 00:08:58,871
James Ellis: Mechanical issues
and communication failures,
216
00:08:58,871 --> 00:09:00,640
may have played a pivotal role
217
00:09:00,640 --> 00:09:03,242
in the disappearance
of Flight 19.
218
00:09:03,242 --> 00:09:06,679
Despite pre-flight inspections
showing no major faults,
219
00:09:06,679 --> 00:09:09,248
reports of mid-flight
malfunctions
220
00:09:09,248 --> 00:09:11,217
painted a different picture.
221
00:09:11,217 --> 00:09:13,419
Navigational aids went silent,
222
00:09:13,419 --> 00:09:16,222
and crucial systems
failed to transmit data.
223
00:09:17,523 --> 00:09:19,225
Adam Bunch: Whether the
breakdown was because of
224
00:09:19,225 --> 00:09:21,427
mechanical issues
or interference,
225
00:09:21,427 --> 00:09:24,030
or just the chaos and
stress of the moment,
226
00:09:24,030 --> 00:09:26,399
the result was that
the communication
227
00:09:26,399 --> 00:09:29,268
with the outside world
was eventually lost,
228
00:09:29,268 --> 00:09:32,138
and the squadron was
utterly alone.
229
00:09:33,673 --> 00:09:35,675
Narrator: Among the most
puzzling failures,
230
00:09:35,675 --> 00:09:37,510
was the absence
of a signal from the
231
00:09:37,510 --> 00:09:40,012
Identify Friend or Foe
transmitter.
232
00:09:41,514 --> 00:09:42,715
Alison Leonard: The
IFF transmitter,
233
00:09:42,715 --> 00:09:44,250
standard in military aircraft,
234
00:09:44,250 --> 00:09:47,453
would have made Flight 19's
location much more visible,
235
00:09:47,453 --> 00:09:49,689
in real time,
to ground stations.
236
00:09:50,489 --> 00:09:52,792
But records show it
was never engaged.
237
00:09:52,792 --> 00:09:54,594
These systems were
highly reliable,
238
00:09:54,594 --> 00:09:57,163
but mechanical strain,
electrical surges,
239
00:09:57,163 --> 00:09:59,732
or even operator error
could render them useless.
240
00:10:00,933 --> 00:10:02,635
James Ellis: What's really odd
is that no distress signals
241
00:10:02,635 --> 00:10:04,070
were ever picked up,
242
00:10:04,070 --> 00:10:07,173
even though all the planes
had emergency transmitters
243
00:10:07,173 --> 00:10:10,543
meant to broadcast their
location automatically.
244
00:10:10,543 --> 00:10:13,779
They stayed completely silent.
245
00:10:13,779 --> 00:10:16,515
And then there's the
PBM Mariner rescue plane,
246
00:10:16,515 --> 00:10:18,618
it had equipment
specifically designed
247
00:10:18,618 --> 00:10:20,353
to detect those signals,
248
00:10:20,353 --> 00:10:22,755
but it too vanished
without a trace.
249
00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:26,759
Amma Agbedor: While individual
malfunctions are possible,
250
00:10:26,759 --> 00:10:30,329
the likelihood of all
five planes suffering
251
00:10:30,329 --> 00:10:33,132
the same critical
failures at once,
252
00:10:33,132 --> 00:10:35,067
is hard to believe.
253
00:10:35,067 --> 00:10:38,037
It suggests there's
more to the story,
254
00:10:38,037 --> 00:10:41,040
and possibly
a larger force at play.
255
00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:43,709
Something that intensified
their struggle
256
00:10:43,709 --> 00:10:45,645
to navigate and communicate.
257
00:10:46,946 --> 00:10:48,681
Narrator: Mechanical and
communication failures
258
00:10:48,681 --> 00:10:50,549
provide part of the picture,
259
00:10:50,549 --> 00:10:52,485
but the true nature
of what unfolded,
260
00:10:52,485 --> 00:10:55,421
may lie hidden
in the volatile forces
261
00:10:55,421 --> 00:10:57,223
of the sea and sky.
262
00:10:57,857 --> 00:10:59,792
Adam Bunch: One theory
is that a sudden storm
263
00:10:59,792 --> 00:11:01,627
could have sealed their fate.
264
00:11:01,627 --> 00:11:04,163
A white squall can
strike without warning,
265
00:11:04,163 --> 00:11:06,032
even on clear days,
266
00:11:06,032 --> 00:11:08,734
and by late afternoon
the skies had darkened
267
00:11:08,734 --> 00:11:10,903
and conditions were
deteriorating.
268
00:11:10,903 --> 00:11:13,639
There was torrential
rain and high winds.
269
00:11:13,639 --> 00:11:16,642
Dense cloud cover could have
been disorienting
270
00:11:16,642 --> 00:11:18,844
and create potentially
dangerous conditions
271
00:11:18,844 --> 00:11:20,613
for low flying aircraft.
272
00:11:23,049 --> 00:11:25,184
James Ellis: By 4 PM,
the storm intensified,
273
00:11:25,184 --> 00:11:27,887
with Miami's weather station
recording winds of
274
00:11:27,887 --> 00:11:30,456
40 miles per hour at 1,000 feet,
275
00:11:30,456 --> 00:11:32,425
and hurricane-force gusts
276
00:11:32,425 --> 00:11:34,660
of 75 miles per hour
277
00:11:34,660 --> 00:11:36,128
at higher altitudes.
278
00:11:36,128 --> 00:11:38,931
These conditions likely
engulfed the squadron,
279
00:11:38,931 --> 00:11:41,200
leaving them little
chance of survival.
280
00:11:42,802 --> 00:11:45,204
Amma Agbedor: Adding to the
danger was the Gulf Stream.
281
00:11:45,204 --> 00:11:49,675
This powerful current, moving
at up to five miles per hour,
282
00:11:49,675 --> 00:11:52,578
would have scattered
any debris or survivors
283
00:11:52,578 --> 00:11:55,114
over vast distances.
284
00:11:55,748 --> 00:11:58,484
Even the strongest search
efforts would have struggled
285
00:11:58,484 --> 00:12:00,486
against such relentless forces.
286
00:12:01,554 --> 00:12:04,890
Narrator: But the tragedy
wasn't confined to Flight 19.
287
00:12:06,158 --> 00:12:08,060
Adam Bunch: The rescue
plane sent to find them,
288
00:12:08,060 --> 00:12:11,630
a PBM Mariner,
met its own tragic fate,
289
00:12:11,630 --> 00:12:13,466
adding to the mystery.
290
00:12:13,466 --> 00:12:15,501
Less than 30 minutes
after takeoff,
291
00:12:15,501 --> 00:12:18,170
the crew radioed the tower,
saying they were getting close
292
00:12:18,170 --> 00:12:21,841
to Flight 19's
last assumed position.
293
00:12:21,841 --> 00:12:25,544
Not long after that,
all contact was lost.
294
00:12:25,544 --> 00:12:28,314
The plane and
its 13 crew members
295
00:12:28,314 --> 00:12:30,216
were never heard from again.
296
00:12:31,884 --> 00:12:34,820
Alison Leonard: PBM Mariners,
known as "flying gas tanks",
297
00:12:34,820 --> 00:12:36,756
were notoriously volatile,
298
00:12:36,756 --> 00:12:37,923
and prone to
catastrophic accidents
299
00:12:37,923 --> 00:12:39,792
in turbulent conditions.
300
00:12:39,792 --> 00:12:41,827
In rough weather, their
flexible fuel lines
301
00:12:41,827 --> 00:12:43,829
tended to get
loose and leak gas,
302
00:12:43,829 --> 00:12:45,898
which could cause
mid-air explosions.
303
00:12:45,898 --> 00:12:48,167
The fact that witnesses
described seeing a fireball
304
00:12:48,167 --> 00:12:50,302
and an oil slick where the
rescue plane went down
305
00:12:50,302 --> 00:12:51,470
fuels this theory.
306
00:12:53,038 --> 00:12:54,940
Narrator: While we may never
know definitively
307
00:12:54,940 --> 00:12:56,842
what happened on
that tragic day,
308
00:12:56,842 --> 00:12:58,644
there was a silver lining.
309
00:12:58,644 --> 00:13:01,447
The lessons of Flight 19
helped shape
310
00:13:01,447 --> 00:13:03,849
a safer future for aviation.
311
00:13:04,917 --> 00:13:06,952
Adam Bunch: There were real
lessons to be learned.
312
00:13:06,952 --> 00:13:10,156
The tragedy highlighted
problems in naval aviation,
313
00:13:10,156 --> 00:13:12,591
such as inconsistent
training standards,
314
00:13:12,591 --> 00:13:13,959
excessive corner cutting.
315
00:13:13,959 --> 00:13:17,029
In the 1950s, the big report,
the Flatly report
316
00:13:17,029 --> 00:13:20,065
would finally lead to
a whole series of reforms,
317
00:13:20,065 --> 00:13:22,768
that transformed flight safety.
318
00:13:24,069 --> 00:13:25,571
Alison Leonard: The Navy's
subsequent investigation
319
00:13:25,571 --> 00:13:27,640
into Flight 19 took
several months.
320
00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:29,708
The final report described
the disappearance
321
00:13:29,708 --> 00:13:32,578
as a tragic convergence
of navigational errors
322
00:13:32,578 --> 00:13:34,346
and environmental challenges.
323
00:13:35,114 --> 00:13:38,217
An initial finding of "mental
aberration" was later overturned
324
00:13:38,217 --> 00:13:40,019
at Lieutenant Taylor's
mother's request,
325
00:13:40,019 --> 00:13:43,088
leaving the investigation's
final ruling as inconclusive.
326
00:13:44,256 --> 00:13:46,692
Narrator: The disappearance
of Flight 19 stands
327
00:13:46,692 --> 00:13:49,361
as a poignant reminder
of the fragile balance
328
00:13:49,361 --> 00:13:51,564
between humanity and nature,
329
00:13:51,564 --> 00:13:55,201
and the unanswered questions
that continue to haunt us.
330
00:13:57,336 --> 00:14:06,111
♪♪
331
00:14:06,111 --> 00:14:08,314
Narrator: From the
early 12th century CE,
332
00:14:08,314 --> 00:14:11,483
the Knights Templar
were legendary, righteous,
333
00:14:11,483 --> 00:14:13,085
and fearsome enforcers,
334
00:14:13,085 --> 00:14:15,821
known throughout
Europe and the Levant.
335
00:14:15,821 --> 00:14:18,123
Through their exploits,
they reaped enough wealth
336
00:14:18,123 --> 00:14:20,960
to finance holy wars
and bankroll kings.
337
00:14:22,928 --> 00:14:24,263
Alison Leonard: The Knights
Templar were created
338
00:14:24,263 --> 00:14:26,532
to protect Christians
who were making pilgrimages
339
00:14:26,532 --> 00:14:28,567
to Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
340
00:14:28,567 --> 00:14:30,169
But in the process
of doing that,
341
00:14:30,169 --> 00:14:32,037
they acquired hundreds
of castle fortresses,
342
00:14:32,037 --> 00:14:34,006
and enormous "portable wealth",
343
00:14:34,006 --> 00:14:36,842
a great deal of it
being gold, or gold coins.
344
00:14:38,177 --> 00:14:40,112
Anthea Nardi:
Almost two centuries after
345
00:14:40,112 --> 00:14:42,281
the Order of the Knights
Templar was formed,
346
00:14:42,281 --> 00:14:45,184
Muslim warriors determined
to drive all Christians
347
00:14:45,184 --> 00:14:47,987
out of the Holy Land,
cornered the Templars,
348
00:14:47,987 --> 00:14:50,189
and decimated them
in a fierce battle.
349
00:14:51,257 --> 00:14:53,259
The Knights had always
operated with the blessings
350
00:14:53,259 --> 00:14:55,895
of the Church and
the throne of France,
351
00:14:55,895 --> 00:14:58,831
but when the end came,
both turned against them.
352
00:15:00,299 --> 00:15:01,767
James Ellis: The Knights
were arrested in Europe
353
00:15:01,767 --> 00:15:04,003
and charged as
traitors and heretics;
354
00:15:04,003 --> 00:15:05,871
many were publicly executed,
355
00:15:05,871 --> 00:15:08,007
it was a stunning betrayal!
356
00:15:08,007 --> 00:15:09,775
The vast hoard of gold
357
00:15:09,775 --> 00:15:12,144
and other valuables
the Templars had amassed
358
00:15:12,144 --> 00:15:14,280
was supposed to go
to the King of France.
359
00:15:14,280 --> 00:15:15,714
But it didn't.
360
00:15:15,714 --> 00:15:17,983
Once the Knights were
all dead or gone,
361
00:15:17,983 --> 00:15:21,186
very little of their gold
turned up, and it still hasn't.
362
00:15:21,186 --> 00:15:22,821
So what happened
to the treasures
363
00:15:22,821 --> 00:15:24,223
of the Knights Templar?
364
00:15:25,491 --> 00:15:27,860
Narrator: The "Poor Fellow
Soldiers of Christ
365
00:15:27,860 --> 00:15:29,295
and the Temple of Solomon"
366
00:15:29,295 --> 00:15:32,531
were founded in
Jerusalem in 1119 CE,
367
00:15:32,531 --> 00:15:33,799
by a French knight.
368
00:15:33,799 --> 00:15:35,834
Eventually, their
name was shortened
369
00:15:35,834 --> 00:15:37,269
to "The Knights Templar."
370
00:15:39,571 --> 00:15:41,840
Anthea Nardi: The Templars were
supposed to live communally,
371
00:15:41,840 --> 00:15:44,643
like monks, they took
strict vows of chastity,
372
00:15:44,643 --> 00:15:46,111
obedience, and poverty.
373
00:15:46,111 --> 00:15:49,148
They wore a distinctive white
cloak, indicating purity,
374
00:15:49,148 --> 00:15:51,951
with a bold red cross
emblazoned on it.
375
00:15:51,951 --> 00:15:53,919
One of their emblems
was two knights
376
00:15:53,919 --> 00:15:55,955
riding together on one horse,
377
00:15:55,955 --> 00:15:58,424
the very picture of
poverty and humility.
378
00:15:58,424 --> 00:16:02,194
But the thing is, their
operations required resources.
379
00:16:03,395 --> 00:16:05,164
James Ellis: The Catholic
Church's doctrine
380
00:16:05,164 --> 00:16:07,666
allowed fighting
for "just causes"
381
00:16:07,666 --> 00:16:10,402
like the defense of the
Holy Land and the Crusades.
382
00:16:10,402 --> 00:16:13,205
So within a decade of
the Templars' formation,
383
00:16:13,205 --> 00:16:15,074
they won recognition
from the Pope.
384
00:16:15,074 --> 00:16:17,276
They took land
and reaped riches
385
00:16:17,276 --> 00:16:19,311
from their conquests
in the Holy Land.
386
00:16:20,179 --> 00:16:21,880
Alison Leonard: By the 1300s
they were a true
387
00:16:21,880 --> 00:16:23,449
international military order,
388
00:16:23,449 --> 00:16:25,184
with estates
from England to Bohemia.
389
00:16:25,818 --> 00:16:29,254
Ultimately, they owned over
870 estates across Europe.
390
00:16:30,122 --> 00:16:32,391
They even had enough money to
build their own naval fleet,
391
00:16:32,391 --> 00:16:33,993
to ship goods that
their estates produced,
392
00:16:33,993 --> 00:16:35,527
and for military use.
393
00:16:37,296 --> 00:16:40,065
They had so much money that at
one point they were able to lend
394
00:16:40,065 --> 00:16:44,103
France's King Philip IV
400,000 gold florins,
395
00:16:44,103 --> 00:16:46,705
which in hindsight, may not
have been a wise thing to do.
396
00:16:48,140 --> 00:16:50,275
Narrator:
In April of 1291 CE,
397
00:16:50,275 --> 00:16:52,544
with a company of
Templar Knights holed up
398
00:16:52,544 --> 00:16:55,014
in their headquarters
in Acre, Jerusalem,
399
00:16:55,014 --> 00:16:57,316
the Mamluk Sultanate's
relentless throngs
400
00:16:57,316 --> 00:16:59,752
breached the fortress walls.
401
00:16:59,752 --> 00:17:03,155
And with that, the image of
Knights Templar everywhere,
402
00:17:03,155 --> 00:17:05,224
was fatally tarnished.
403
00:17:06,392 --> 00:17:08,427
James Ellis:
For France's King Philip IV,
404
00:17:08,427 --> 00:17:11,030
who owed the Templars
a great deal of money,
405
00:17:11,030 --> 00:17:12,998
this was a golden opportunity
406
00:17:12,998 --> 00:17:15,200
to not only have
his debts erased,
407
00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:19,371
but to get his hands on the
Templars' legendary fortunes.
408
00:17:19,371 --> 00:17:21,206
Anthea Nardi: Philip issued a
secret order for the arrest
409
00:17:21,206 --> 00:17:23,542
of all Knights Templar
throughout France,
410
00:17:23,542 --> 00:17:27,012
on charges of everything from
denying Christ and heresy,
411
00:17:27,012 --> 00:17:30,349
to financial improprieties
and homosexuality.
412
00:17:30,349 --> 00:17:32,951
And on Philip's urging,
the Pope mandated the arrest
413
00:17:32,951 --> 00:17:34,720
of all Templars across Europe.
414
00:17:36,188 --> 00:17:38,157
Alison Leonard: On the
13th of October, 1307,
415
00:17:38,157 --> 00:17:40,426
more than 600 Templars
were swept up,
416
00:17:40,426 --> 00:17:42,261
and interrogated under torture,
417
00:17:42,261 --> 00:17:44,229
which many of them
didn't survive.
418
00:17:44,229 --> 00:17:46,632
Of those who did survive
and were brought to trial,
419
00:17:46,632 --> 00:17:49,101
dozens were convicted and
burned at the stake,
420
00:17:49,101 --> 00:17:50,602
including the Grand Master.
421
00:17:50,602 --> 00:17:53,105
By 1312, the order of the
Templar Knights
422
00:17:53,105 --> 00:17:54,573
was officially dissolved.
423
00:17:55,774 --> 00:17:57,676
Anthea Nardi: With the order
no longer in existence,
424
00:17:57,676 --> 00:17:59,645
Philip IV was freed of his debt,
425
00:17:59,645 --> 00:18:03,082
and free to confiscate the
Templars' large treasury.
426
00:18:03,082 --> 00:18:06,919
Philip did get some of their
riches, but very little.
427
00:18:07,719 --> 00:18:11,590
Somehow, the Knights Templar
had managed to hide, or move,
428
00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:14,560
or escape with much of
their portable wealth.
429
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:17,162
Speculation as to what happened
to that treasure
430
00:18:17,162 --> 00:18:18,664
continues to this day.
431
00:18:20,599 --> 00:18:22,267
Narrator: The most obvious
place for the Templars
432
00:18:22,267 --> 00:18:24,403
to have kept the bulk
of their treasures,
433
00:18:24,403 --> 00:18:26,171
would also have been
the hardest place
434
00:18:26,171 --> 00:18:28,373
for anyone to remove it from.
435
00:18:29,374 --> 00:18:30,609
Anthea Nardi: It would make
perfect sense
436
00:18:30,609 --> 00:18:33,112
if the Knights Templar had
secured their riches
437
00:18:33,112 --> 00:18:35,681
in the main tower of
their fortress at Acre,
438
00:18:35,681 --> 00:18:39,051
where they made their last
stand against the Mamluk.
439
00:18:39,051 --> 00:18:40,953
The tower was built
for protection;
440
00:18:40,953 --> 00:18:43,155
basically, it was
a heavily-gated tower
441
00:18:43,155 --> 00:18:45,190
within walls 28 feet thick,
442
00:18:45,190 --> 00:18:47,059
surrounded by a fortress,
443
00:18:47,059 --> 00:18:48,827
inside another fortress.
444
00:18:49,495 --> 00:18:50,796
Alison Leonard: The only catch
is that the Templars
445
00:18:50,796 --> 00:18:53,132
were under siege there for
weeks by the Mamluks,
446
00:18:53,132 --> 00:18:55,134
who pounded the
castle day and night.
447
00:18:55,134 --> 00:18:57,469
And when the Mamluks
finally gained entry,
448
00:18:57,469 --> 00:18:59,972
there's no record of their
finding a stash of treasure.
449
00:18:59,972 --> 00:19:01,673
So if it had been there,
450
00:19:01,673 --> 00:19:04,209
how could the Templars
possibly have gotten it out,
451
00:19:04,209 --> 00:19:05,511
before they were conquered?
452
00:19:06,311 --> 00:19:08,881
James Ellis: In 1994, a
resident in the town of Acre
453
00:19:08,881 --> 00:19:10,983
looked into a sewer
drainage problem
454
00:19:10,983 --> 00:19:12,518
they'd been having
under their home,
455
00:19:12,518 --> 00:19:14,987
and discovered
an underground passageway,
456
00:19:14,987 --> 00:19:16,655
cut through the bedrock.
457
00:19:16,655 --> 00:19:18,223
This was a secret tunnel,
458
00:19:18,223 --> 00:19:20,659
running from where the fortress
had been at one end,
459
00:19:20,659 --> 00:19:23,128
almost 500 feet eastward,
460
00:19:23,128 --> 00:19:26,298
to the internal
anchorage of Acre's port.
461
00:19:26,298 --> 00:19:28,567
Large enough for men to run
through with cartloads
462
00:19:28,567 --> 00:19:30,836
of whatever goods they
wanted to carry.
463
00:19:32,771 --> 00:19:34,907
Anthea Nardi: The Templars would
have been able to smuggle
464
00:19:34,907 --> 00:19:37,476
every last gold coin
out of the tower,
465
00:19:37,476 --> 00:19:40,746
while the Mamluk siege
raged above their heads.
466
00:19:40,746 --> 00:19:42,347
But if that's true,
467
00:19:42,347 --> 00:19:45,284
if they did get their treasure
out through this tunnel,
468
00:19:45,284 --> 00:19:48,253
the question remains,
where is it now?
469
00:19:50,589 --> 00:19:52,824
Narrator: Trying to find the
Templars' treasure today
470
00:19:52,824 --> 00:19:54,326
is like playing a shell game
471
00:19:54,326 --> 00:19:56,228
that happened
nine centuries ago,
472
00:19:56,228 --> 00:19:58,397
with many, many shells.
473
00:19:59,097 --> 00:20:01,033
Alison Leonard: The Templars
had a very practical philosophy
474
00:20:01,033 --> 00:20:03,569
about money: keep it moving.
475
00:20:03,569 --> 00:20:06,104
They realized that if they
allowed the accumulation
476
00:20:06,104 --> 00:20:08,473
of any large amount of money
in any one place,
477
00:20:08,473 --> 00:20:10,676
others had time to
find out where it was
478
00:20:10,676 --> 00:20:13,345
and to plan and execute
raids to get it.
479
00:20:13,345 --> 00:20:15,447
Wealth was less vulnerable to
raids if it was spread out
480
00:20:15,447 --> 00:20:17,583
in many places,
and moved frequently.
481
00:20:18,917 --> 00:20:20,919
Anthea Nardi: The Templars had
developed a whole network
482
00:20:20,919 --> 00:20:23,355
of underground safe houses
they could escape to,
483
00:20:23,355 --> 00:20:25,624
and between these safe houses,
they could move
484
00:20:25,624 --> 00:20:28,460
parcels of wealth,
especially if they had warning.
485
00:20:29,394 --> 00:20:30,762
Alison Leonard:
And they did have warning.
486
00:20:30,762 --> 00:20:32,864
King Philip's "secret order"
for the arrest
487
00:20:32,864 --> 00:20:34,366
of the Knights Templar in France
488
00:20:34,366 --> 00:20:37,469
was issued on
September 14th, 1307,
489
00:20:37,469 --> 00:20:39,238
a full four weeks
before it said
490
00:20:39,238 --> 00:20:41,073
the arrests were
to be carried out.
491
00:20:41,073 --> 00:20:43,008
According to
contemporary accounts,
492
00:20:43,008 --> 00:20:44,643
the Grand Master
arranged for more than
493
00:20:44,643 --> 00:20:47,312
2,000 Knights Templar,
and the Templars' treasures,
494
00:20:47,312 --> 00:20:50,215
to be loaded onto 18 ships at
the Port of La Rochelle
495
00:20:50,215 --> 00:20:51,483
before the arrests.
496
00:20:52,484 --> 00:20:55,354
James Ellis: Two ships and
about 620 Templars,
497
00:20:55,354 --> 00:20:58,056
including the Grand Master
stayed behind,
498
00:20:58,056 --> 00:21:00,826
which may have been
a self-sacrifice;
499
00:21:00,826 --> 00:21:02,761
an intentional diversion.
500
00:21:02,761 --> 00:21:05,797
Thanks to that,
it appears more than 2,000
501
00:21:05,797 --> 00:21:08,300
of their fellow Knights
were able to sail away
502
00:21:08,300 --> 00:21:10,235
in the other ships, possibly
503
00:21:10,235 --> 00:21:12,404
taking much of their treasure
with them.
504
00:21:13,839 --> 00:21:16,041
Narrator: Some believe the key
to finding the treasure
505
00:21:16,041 --> 00:21:18,343
won't be to focus
on where the Templars
506
00:21:18,343 --> 00:21:20,279
might have escaped to with it,
507
00:21:20,279 --> 00:21:23,315
but to consider instead the
possibility the Templars
508
00:21:23,315 --> 00:21:25,984
may have failed disastrously,
in the end.
509
00:21:26,485 --> 00:21:27,953
Anthea Nardi: The Knights
Templar and their gold
510
00:21:27,953 --> 00:21:31,523
may have escaped by boat,
from La Rochelle or elsewhere,
511
00:21:31,523 --> 00:21:34,426
only to have sunk to
at the bottom of the sea.
512
00:21:34,426 --> 00:21:37,229
Countless sailing ships have
gone down over the centuries
513
00:21:37,229 --> 00:21:39,264
due to storms
or other bad luck...
514
00:21:39,264 --> 00:21:41,266
let alone while making
a rushed departure,
515
00:21:41,266 --> 00:21:43,669
overloaded with men and cargo.
516
00:21:45,470 --> 00:21:48,540
James Ellis: In 2016, excavation
began on the remains of a ship
517
00:21:48,540 --> 00:21:50,475
found in the Bay of Haifa.
518
00:21:50,475 --> 00:21:52,577
And it was one of
those rare shipwrecks
519
00:21:52,577 --> 00:21:55,047
that seems to
tell a whole story.
520
00:21:55,047 --> 00:21:58,317
In terms of wood, only bits
of the hull and keel,
521
00:21:58,317 --> 00:21:59,918
and planking survived.
522
00:21:59,918 --> 00:22:03,121
Radiocarbon dating indicated
that the wood was grown
523
00:22:03,121 --> 00:22:06,792
somewhere between
1062 and 1250 CE.
524
00:22:08,527 --> 00:22:10,262
Alison Leonard: There were
ceramics from Syria,
525
00:22:10,262 --> 00:22:11,530
Cyprus, and Italy.
526
00:22:11,530 --> 00:22:13,799
And there were also
30 gold florins,
527
00:22:13,799 --> 00:22:15,867
coins that were minted in
the Republic of Florence
528
00:22:15,867 --> 00:22:17,869
in the mid-13th century.
529
00:22:17,869 --> 00:22:20,372
This ship may well have been
piloted or commissioned
530
00:22:20,372 --> 00:22:22,607
by the Knights Templar,
escaping the Mamluks
531
00:22:22,607 --> 00:22:24,843
during siege at Acre in 1291!
532
00:22:25,844 --> 00:22:27,312
Anthea Nardi: They might
have snuck out from
533
00:22:27,312 --> 00:22:29,748
under their fortress
via the secret tunnel,
534
00:22:29,748 --> 00:22:31,950
to board a ship waiting
in the inner harbour.
535
00:22:33,051 --> 00:22:35,554
The gold florins may have been
part of the Templars' treasure
536
00:22:35,554 --> 00:22:37,389
that was being transported.
537
00:22:37,389 --> 00:22:39,758
And perhaps what was paid
to the ship's Captain,
538
00:22:39,758 --> 00:22:42,327
as a bribe to help
escape the chaos.
539
00:22:44,696 --> 00:22:46,898
Narrator: The Haifa wreck is
one ship out of many
540
00:22:46,898 --> 00:22:50,502
that may have successfully
left Acre during the siege.
541
00:22:50,502 --> 00:22:53,138
And of the 18 said to have left
the Port of La Rochelle
542
00:22:53,138 --> 00:22:56,441
in 1307, none have been located.
543
00:22:57,509 --> 00:22:58,777
James Ellis: It's intriguing.
544
00:22:58,777 --> 00:23:01,813
If some of the Templars
did make a successful escape
545
00:23:01,813 --> 00:23:04,216
with their treasure, where
might they have ended up?
546
00:23:04,216 --> 00:23:06,518
Plenty of places
have been suggested.
547
00:23:08,053 --> 00:23:09,821
Alison Leonard: Carvings in
Rosslyn Chapel in Edinburgh,
548
00:23:09,821 --> 00:23:12,691
suggest some Knights Templar
may have escaped to Scotland.
549
00:23:12,691 --> 00:23:14,693
Could they have hidden some
of their treasure there?
550
00:23:16,528 --> 00:23:17,929
Anthea Nardi: Switzerland's
national flag
551
00:23:17,929 --> 00:23:21,266
is the exact reverse of the
Knights Templar motif.
552
00:23:21,266 --> 00:23:24,069
It's a white cross,
over a red background.
553
00:23:24,069 --> 00:23:25,804
And the beloved
Swiss rescue dog
554
00:23:25,804 --> 00:23:27,873
now shares its name
with the Templars'
555
00:23:27,873 --> 00:23:30,008
patron Saint Bernard
de Clairvaux.
556
00:23:31,610 --> 00:23:34,045
It's known the Templars
were active in that area,
557
00:23:34,045 --> 00:23:35,080
around that time.
558
00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:37,883
So some of their gold
could have ended up there.
559
00:23:37,883 --> 00:23:40,719
And there are plenty of places
still left to look for it.
560
00:23:42,220 --> 00:23:44,423
Narrator: The Knights Templar
were a legendary force,
561
00:23:44,423 --> 00:23:46,358
that might not
always have fought
562
00:23:46,358 --> 00:23:48,126
with the purest of motives.
563
00:23:48,126 --> 00:23:50,929
The stunning wealth they
amassed during their conquests
564
00:23:50,929 --> 00:23:53,665
may well have caused
their ruin, before,
565
00:23:53,665 --> 00:23:55,600
like the Knights themselves,
566
00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:57,769
vanishing into history.
567
00:23:57,769 --> 00:23:58,937
♪♪
568
00:24:00,639 --> 00:24:09,581
♪♪
569
00:24:09,581 --> 00:24:11,683
Narrator: In the year 30 BCE,
570
00:24:11,683 --> 00:24:13,919
in Egypt's capital
of Alexandria,
571
00:24:13,919 --> 00:24:17,556
Queen Cleopatra was barricaded
behind heavy wooden doors,
572
00:24:17,556 --> 00:24:19,724
surrounded by her
greatest treasures,
573
00:24:19,724 --> 00:24:22,894
and the body of her
partner, Marc Antony.
574
00:24:22,894 --> 00:24:25,564
She sent a letter to
her conquering enemy,
575
00:24:25,564 --> 00:24:28,333
Octavian, with
one last request:
576
00:24:28,333 --> 00:24:32,504
that she and Antony be allowed
to rest in eternity together.
577
00:24:34,072 --> 00:24:36,475
Anthea Nardi: Cleopatra
was Egypt's last pharaoh.
578
00:24:36,475 --> 00:24:38,777
Maybe the world's
first celebrity,
579
00:24:38,777 --> 00:24:41,279
and maybe the greatest queen
the world's ever known.
580
00:24:41,713 --> 00:24:43,949
She was multilingual,
charismatic,
581
00:24:43,949 --> 00:24:47,419
intelligent, educated,
and a brilliant strategist.
582
00:24:47,419 --> 00:24:50,021
To the public, she was
presented as a goddess,
583
00:24:50,021 --> 00:24:51,656
"The New Isis."
584
00:24:54,426 --> 00:24:56,394
Amma Agbedor:
Cleopatra had ruled Egypt
585
00:24:56,394 --> 00:24:57,929
with two of her brothers;
586
00:24:57,929 --> 00:25:00,532
she'd married
at least one of them,
587
00:25:00,532 --> 00:25:03,068
and ultimately had
both of them killed.
588
00:25:03,068 --> 00:25:07,606
And she'd had children
by two powerful Romans:
589
00:25:07,606 --> 00:25:10,609
Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
590
00:25:12,043 --> 00:25:14,746
Adam Bunch: Cleopatra died
just days after
591
00:25:14,746 --> 00:25:16,781
she sent that final letter.
592
00:25:16,781 --> 00:25:19,751
But the place where she
was buried is a mystery.
593
00:25:19,751 --> 00:25:21,953
People have been
searching for centuries,
594
00:25:21,953 --> 00:25:25,657
trying to answer one of
history's greatest questions.
595
00:25:25,657 --> 00:25:29,194
Where is Cleopatra's lost tomb?
596
00:25:30,061 --> 00:25:32,731
Narrator:
Cleopatra VII was born in Egypt,
597
00:25:32,731 --> 00:25:34,833
to a long line of
Greek pharaohs.
598
00:25:34,833 --> 00:25:38,403
When she took the throne at 18,
in 51 BCE,
599
00:25:38,403 --> 00:25:40,805
the family's dynasty was fading,
600
00:25:40,805 --> 00:25:43,875
but she was determined to
turn her fortunes around.
601
00:25:43,875 --> 00:25:46,211
So, four years into her reign,
602
00:25:46,211 --> 00:25:48,413
when Julius Caesar
came to Egypt,
603
00:25:48,413 --> 00:25:50,415
she recognized the opportunity.
604
00:25:51,316 --> 00:25:53,718
Amma Agbedor: Cleopatra
took Caesar on a week-long
605
00:25:53,718 --> 00:25:55,754
sightseeing tour of the Nile,
606
00:25:55,754 --> 00:25:58,323
and became pregnant
with his child.
607
00:25:58,323 --> 00:26:00,125
After Caesar returned to Rome,
608
00:26:00,125 --> 00:26:03,562
Cleopatra gave birth
to their son, Caesarion
609
00:26:03,562 --> 00:26:05,564
or "little Caesar."
610
00:26:05,564 --> 00:26:09,734
A powerful, useful diplomatic
bond had been formed.
611
00:26:11,736 --> 00:26:14,573
Anthea Nardi: When Caesar
was assassinated in 44 BCE,
612
00:26:14,573 --> 00:26:16,608
all bets were off.
613
00:26:16,608 --> 00:26:19,811
Cleopatra needed new
diplomatic security with Rome.
614
00:26:19,811 --> 00:26:22,581
So when Mark Antony,
the controller of Rome's
615
00:26:22,581 --> 00:26:25,850
eastern territories, summoned
Cleopatra for a talk,
616
00:26:25,850 --> 00:26:27,752
to gauge her loyalty to Rome,
617
00:26:27,752 --> 00:26:30,121
that was her second opportunity.
618
00:26:32,457 --> 00:26:34,359
Adam Bunch: Cleopatra
started having an affair
619
00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:35,927
with Mark Antony,
620
00:26:35,927 --> 00:26:38,396
which was a little bit
complicated,
621
00:26:38,396 --> 00:26:42,300
since he still went ahead and
married Octavian's sister,
622
00:26:42,300 --> 00:26:45,904
even while having his
love affair with Cleopatra.
623
00:26:46,805 --> 00:26:48,807
Anthea Nardi: Mark Antony
then went so far
624
00:26:48,807 --> 00:26:51,109
as to give Cleopatra
back territories
625
00:26:51,109 --> 00:26:53,645
Rome had previously
won from Egypt.
626
00:26:53,645 --> 00:26:56,047
It was all too much
for Octavian to take.
627
00:26:56,047 --> 00:26:58,617
It seemed Antony wasn't
thinking with his head.
628
00:26:59,184 --> 00:27:02,020
This was a line in the sand
that could not be crossed.
629
00:27:02,020 --> 00:27:04,322
And Octavian declared
war against Cleopatra.
630
00:27:06,257 --> 00:27:08,360
Narrator: Cleopatra was
experienced in battle;
631
00:27:08,360 --> 00:27:11,730
she soon realized they
couldn't win against Octavian;
632
00:27:11,730 --> 00:27:13,965
she pulled her squadron
out of the fight
633
00:27:13,965 --> 00:27:17,569
and withdrew to the safety of
her palace in Alexandria.
634
00:27:17,569 --> 00:27:19,771
Mark Antony fled as well,
635
00:27:19,771 --> 00:27:22,207
leaving his soldiers to
continue on their own.
636
00:27:23,708 --> 00:27:25,777
Adam Bunch:
This was a major conflict,
637
00:27:25,777 --> 00:27:27,812
a personal grudge match,
638
00:27:27,812 --> 00:27:31,816
with tens of thousands of
soldiers on either side,
639
00:27:31,816 --> 00:27:34,119
and hundreds of warships.
640
00:27:34,119 --> 00:27:37,222
Mark Antony's forces had the
advantage in numbers,
641
00:27:37,222 --> 00:27:40,759
but it was still Octavian
who ultimately won.
642
00:27:41,926 --> 00:27:44,663
Amma Agbedor: In Alexandria,
Cleopatra surrounded herself
643
00:27:44,663 --> 00:27:46,865
with all of her
greatest treasures
644
00:27:46,865 --> 00:27:50,602
in a beautiful mausoleum
she'd had built near her palace.
645
00:27:50,602 --> 00:27:52,170
And then she waited.
646
00:27:52,971 --> 00:27:55,073
Anthea Nardi: Mark Antony
threw himself on his sword.
647
00:27:55,073 --> 00:27:57,308
He was carried to
Cleopatra's side,
648
00:27:57,308 --> 00:27:58,677
and died in her arms.
649
00:27:59,644 --> 00:28:01,913
Adam Bunch: According
to the famous legend,
650
00:28:01,913 --> 00:28:05,950
Cleopatra had a poisonous
snake smuggled in
651
00:28:05,950 --> 00:28:09,521
and let it bite her so that
she died from the venom.
652
00:28:09,521 --> 00:28:11,523
According to some
ancient accounts,
653
00:28:11,523 --> 00:28:13,324
Octavian granted her wish,
654
00:28:13,324 --> 00:28:16,594
and ordered that she be
buried with Mark Antony
655
00:28:16,594 --> 00:28:19,597
in splendid and regal fashion.
656
00:28:19,597 --> 00:28:22,333
But, those sources
don't tell us where.
657
00:28:24,436 --> 00:28:26,938
Narrator: In the 2,000 years
since Cleopatra's death,
658
00:28:26,938 --> 00:28:28,573
nobody has been able to find
659
00:28:28,573 --> 00:28:31,109
Cleopatra and
Mark Antony's crypt.
660
00:28:31,109 --> 00:28:35,246
Only in 2004, did one
investigator decide
661
00:28:35,246 --> 00:28:38,450
everyone had been ignoring
the most important clues.
662
00:28:39,184 --> 00:28:40,785
Amma Agbedor:
It would make a lot of sense
663
00:28:40,785 --> 00:28:44,222
if Cleopatra were buried
somewhere at the temple complex
664
00:28:44,222 --> 00:28:46,424
of Taposiris Magna,
665
00:28:46,424 --> 00:28:49,928
28 miles west of Alexandria.
666
00:28:49,928 --> 00:28:51,963
"Taposiris Magna" means
667
00:28:51,963 --> 00:28:54,199
"The Great Tomb of Osiris."
668
00:28:54,199 --> 00:28:57,902
A god Mark Antony had been
associated with in life,
669
00:28:57,902 --> 00:29:00,672
and archaeologists always knew
670
00:29:00,672 --> 00:29:04,309
there'd been a temple
of Osiris at that site.
671
00:29:04,309 --> 00:29:07,645
But in 2005, a new discovery
672
00:29:07,645 --> 00:29:09,781
got everyone's attention.
673
00:29:11,049 --> 00:29:13,852
Adam Bunch: The outlines of a
second temple were found
674
00:29:13,852 --> 00:29:17,355
inside the complex:
laid out in three rooms,
675
00:29:17,355 --> 00:29:20,925
which is typical for temples
dedicated to Isis.
676
00:29:20,925 --> 00:29:24,028
So now, there seemed like there
might be temples at this site
677
00:29:24,028 --> 00:29:27,031
dedicated to each the two gods
678
00:29:27,031 --> 00:29:30,435
that Cleopatra and
Mark Antony identified with.
679
00:29:31,569 --> 00:29:34,339
Narrator: Within the centre room
of this temple to Isis,
680
00:29:34,339 --> 00:29:36,341
known as the "sanctuary",
681
00:29:36,341 --> 00:29:38,777
about 200 gold coins were found,
682
00:29:38,777 --> 00:29:41,346
some, bearing Cleopatra's image.
683
00:29:43,148 --> 00:29:46,251
Anthea Nardi: Beneath the room,
there was a 16-foot-deep shaft,
684
00:29:46,251 --> 00:29:48,686
with several
underground chambers.
685
00:29:48,686 --> 00:29:50,789
The walls of these chambers
still retained
686
00:29:50,789 --> 00:29:52,357
faint traces of paint.
687
00:29:52,357 --> 00:29:54,859
It's possible these cavities
were used for
688
00:29:54,859 --> 00:29:56,861
burial or ritual purposes.
689
00:29:56,861 --> 00:29:59,597
And a mask was found,
which some have speculated
690
00:29:59,597 --> 00:30:01,266
could have belonged
to Mark Antony.
691
00:30:03,234 --> 00:30:05,770
Adam Bunch: In 2022,
another tunnel was found,
692
00:30:05,770 --> 00:30:08,006
43 feet underground,
693
00:30:08,006 --> 00:30:10,241
chiseled out of solid rock
694
00:30:10,241 --> 00:30:13,978
and more than three
quarters of a mile long.
695
00:30:13,978 --> 00:30:17,182
Along with statues,
coins and other artifacts.
696
00:30:17,182 --> 00:30:20,652
And in 2024, the same
archeologist found a bust
697
00:30:20,652 --> 00:30:23,087
she believes depicts Cleopatra
698
00:30:23,087 --> 00:30:25,757
as well as coins,
that definitely do.
699
00:30:27,592 --> 00:30:30,895
Amma Agbedor: But through all
this, no concrete evidence
700
00:30:30,895 --> 00:30:32,931
tied to Cleopatra's burial
701
00:30:32,931 --> 00:30:35,700
has been found at the site.
702
00:30:35,700 --> 00:30:38,303
And that magnificent,
long tunnel?
703
00:30:38,303 --> 00:30:41,506
An identical one
was found in Greece,
704
00:30:41,506 --> 00:30:43,808
on the island of Samos.
705
00:30:43,808 --> 00:30:46,377
That one was an aqueduct.
706
00:30:47,312 --> 00:30:49,814
And there's no proof
that the one in Egypt
707
00:30:49,814 --> 00:30:52,317
ever carried anything
but water, either.
708
00:30:53,818 --> 00:30:56,120
Narrator: A hunch had led
archaeologists to search
709
00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:59,357
for Cleopatra
at Taposiris Magna.
710
00:30:59,357 --> 00:31:03,394
Following the historical record
and geological history instead,
711
00:31:03,394 --> 00:31:06,531
led to a more obvious
location with a twist.
712
00:31:08,299 --> 00:31:12,170
Amma Agbedor: Cleopatra's palace
was in her beloved Alexandria;
713
00:31:12,170 --> 00:31:15,707
she'd built her mausoleum
there; she'd died there;
714
00:31:15,707 --> 00:31:18,443
so it made sense
she would be buried there.
715
00:31:18,443 --> 00:31:21,579
With its library, and
its famous lighthouse,
716
00:31:21,579 --> 00:31:24,082
Alexandria was the largest,
717
00:31:24,082 --> 00:31:27,085
most sophisticated
city in the world.
718
00:31:28,286 --> 00:31:31,890
Adam Bunch: Today much of
ancient Alexandria is actually
719
00:31:31,890 --> 00:31:35,226
20 feet beneath the surface
of the Mediterranean.
720
00:31:35,226 --> 00:31:38,029
So if Cleopatra
is buried there,
721
00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:41,032
she wouldn't be underground,
she'd be underwater.
722
00:31:42,467 --> 00:31:44,135
Anthea Nardi: In 365 CE,
723
00:31:44,135 --> 00:31:46,704
four centuries after
Cleopatra's death,
724
00:31:46,704 --> 00:31:50,074
a massive tsunami,
50 to 100 feet high,
725
00:31:50,074 --> 00:31:53,544
blasted through ancient
Alexandria and its palaces.
726
00:31:53,544 --> 00:31:55,346
It killed about 50,000 people,
727
00:31:55,346 --> 00:31:58,182
and buried Alexandria
under 80 feet of sediment.
728
00:31:59,884 --> 00:32:01,319
Amma Agbedor:
Since the early '90s,
729
00:32:01,319 --> 00:32:04,555
underwater archaeological
mapping has uncovered
730
00:32:04,555 --> 00:32:06,858
sections of Alexandria;
731
00:32:06,858 --> 00:32:10,295
piers, and the remains
of palace walls;
732
00:32:10,295 --> 00:32:11,896
granite columns;
733
00:32:11,896 --> 00:32:15,033
even a massive stone sphinx!
734
00:32:15,033 --> 00:32:17,068
However, there's been no sign
735
00:32:17,068 --> 00:32:19,637
of Cleopatra's crypt
there so far.
736
00:32:21,105 --> 00:32:23,474
Narrator: Some who've sought
Cleopatra's tomb believe,
737
00:32:23,474 --> 00:32:25,643
that even with the use
of the most advanced
738
00:32:25,643 --> 00:32:27,111
modern technologies,
739
00:32:27,111 --> 00:32:29,981
her tomb may continue
to elude discovery,
740
00:32:29,981 --> 00:32:32,350
and possibly, with good reason.
741
00:32:33,151 --> 00:32:36,054
Anthea Nardi: Cleopatra's tomb
may simply no longer exist.
742
00:32:36,054 --> 00:32:38,489
It may have been found
long ago in antiquity,
743
00:32:38,489 --> 00:32:40,425
then looted, and destroyed.
744
00:32:40,425 --> 00:32:43,761
Or it may have been purposefully
dismantled by the Romans,
745
00:32:43,761 --> 00:32:45,263
soon after she died.
746
00:32:45,263 --> 00:32:49,233
We know Octavian wanted to
obtain Cleopatra's riches,
747
00:32:49,233 --> 00:32:52,236
and he wouldn't have wanted to
risk the public maintaining
748
00:32:52,236 --> 00:32:54,605
too strong a connection
with their dead Queen.
749
00:32:55,840 --> 00:32:59,410
Adam Bunch: The truth is, right
now, we don't know either way.
750
00:32:59,410 --> 00:33:03,181
And just because Cleopatra's
tomb hasn't been found yet,
751
00:33:03,181 --> 00:33:05,516
doesn't mean it won't be.
752
00:33:05,516 --> 00:33:09,020
It could absolutely still
be out there somewhere,
753
00:33:09,020 --> 00:33:11,122
waiting to be discovered.
754
00:33:12,256 --> 00:33:15,526
Amma Agbedor: It may still
lie at Taposiris Magna;
755
00:33:15,526 --> 00:33:17,261
or under the Mediterranean,
756
00:33:17,261 --> 00:33:20,365
among the ruins of
ancient Alexandria.
757
00:33:20,365 --> 00:33:23,701
There are also untested
theories it may be
758
00:33:23,701 --> 00:33:25,970
at the Temple of Isis in Philae,
759
00:33:25,970 --> 00:33:28,139
or in the Valley of Kings,
760
00:33:28,139 --> 00:33:30,708
where Tutankhamun was interred.
761
00:33:30,708 --> 00:33:33,277
Or it could be some other place
762
00:33:33,277 --> 00:33:35,279
that nobody's thought of yet.
763
00:33:36,848 --> 00:33:38,149
Anthea Nardi:
If there is a silver lining
764
00:33:38,149 --> 00:33:40,284
to the fruitless
search for the tomb,
765
00:33:40,284 --> 00:33:42,987
it's that Taposiris
was a neglected site
766
00:33:42,987 --> 00:33:45,823
that everyone knew about,
but few cared about;
767
00:33:45,823 --> 00:33:47,492
It has now become one of Egypt's
768
00:33:47,492 --> 00:33:49,560
most active
archaeological sites,
769
00:33:49,560 --> 00:33:52,530
with hundreds of significant
discoveries already made.
770
00:33:52,530 --> 00:33:54,932
And the same is happening
under the Mediterranean,
771
00:33:54,932 --> 00:33:56,534
at ancient Alexandria.
772
00:33:56,534 --> 00:33:59,637
So, Cleopatra's influence
continues to live on.
773
00:34:01,406 --> 00:34:04,442
Narrator: Queen Cleopatra VII,
the New Isis,
774
00:34:04,442 --> 00:34:07,845
who ended her life
more than two millennia ago,
775
00:34:07,845 --> 00:34:10,481
continues to
impress and inspire.
776
00:34:10,481 --> 00:34:14,018
And it's possible that with
the discovery of her tomb,
777
00:34:14,018 --> 00:34:15,820
she'll return one day,
778
00:34:15,820 --> 00:34:17,722
and tell her own story.
779
00:34:19,924 --> 00:34:29,467
♪♪
780
00:34:29,467 --> 00:34:32,336
Narrator: South Africa at the
dawn of the 20th century,
781
00:34:32,336 --> 00:34:36,340
was a land teetering on the
edge of monumental change.
782
00:34:36,340 --> 00:34:38,076
The discovery of gold
transformed
783
00:34:38,076 --> 00:34:40,344
the once quiet
Transvaal Republic
784
00:34:40,344 --> 00:34:43,081
into a battleground
of wealth and power,
785
00:34:43,081 --> 00:34:45,483
igniting British
imperial ambitions.
786
00:34:45,483 --> 00:34:48,986
At the heart of this
upheaval was Paul Kruger,
787
00:34:48,986 --> 00:34:51,189
a leader whose vision
for his people
788
00:34:51,189 --> 00:34:53,558
collided with
the relentless tide
789
00:34:53,558 --> 00:34:55,326
of colonial expansion.
790
00:34:56,227 --> 00:34:57,995
James Ellis: Paul Kruger
wasn't just the President
791
00:34:57,995 --> 00:34:59,530
of the South African Republic;
792
00:34:59,530 --> 00:35:03,301
he was the embodiment of Boer
independence and resilience.
793
00:35:03,301 --> 00:35:06,337
The Boers, Dutch-speaking
settlers from the Cape Colony,
794
00:35:06,337 --> 00:35:08,739
had formed their
self-governing republics
795
00:35:08,739 --> 00:35:10,608
to protect their way of life.
796
00:35:10,608 --> 00:35:13,411
His greatest challenge
began in 1886,
797
00:35:13,411 --> 00:35:16,714
with the discovery of gold
in the Witwatersrand area.
798
00:35:16,714 --> 00:35:20,518
Suddenly, this area wasn't
just a remote Boer territory,
799
00:35:20,518 --> 00:35:23,721
it was a treasure trove of
unimaginable value,
800
00:35:23,721 --> 00:35:27,325
drawing a flood of British and
foreign settlers or outlanders,
801
00:35:27,325 --> 00:35:29,660
as Kruger disdainfully
called them.
802
00:35:30,528 --> 00:35:32,063
Alison Leonard: To Kruger
these newcomers weren't
803
00:35:32,063 --> 00:35:34,031
just immigrants,
they were a direct threat
804
00:35:34,031 --> 00:35:35,633
to the Boer way of life
and identity.
805
00:35:35,633 --> 00:35:37,335
He steadfastly refused
to grant them
806
00:35:37,335 --> 00:35:39,337
voting and political rights.
807
00:35:39,337 --> 00:35:41,372
This exclusion angered
the mining elite,
808
00:35:41,372 --> 00:35:43,307
who saw Kruger's
policies as obstacles
809
00:35:43,307 --> 00:35:45,076
to their economic ambitions,
810
00:35:45,076 --> 00:35:47,211
setting the stage
for an inevitable clash.
811
00:35:49,080 --> 00:35:51,816
Adam Bunch:
War broke out in 1899.
812
00:35:51,816 --> 00:35:54,285
It was known it was the
Great Boer War back then,
813
00:35:54,285 --> 00:35:56,854
but today historians call it
the South African War,
814
00:35:56,854 --> 00:35:59,957
because many Black Africans
were caught up in it too.
815
00:35:59,957 --> 00:36:02,460
It was a brutal
colonial conflict,
816
00:36:02,460 --> 00:36:05,563
that saw the Boers embrace
guerrilla warfare,
817
00:36:05,563 --> 00:36:09,233
attacking British outposts,
sabotaging rail lines,
818
00:36:09,233 --> 00:36:11,669
stretching the
British troops thin
819
00:36:11,669 --> 00:36:13,437
across the vast terrain,
820
00:36:13,437 --> 00:36:16,207
while the British
targeted civilians
821
00:36:16,207 --> 00:36:18,342
with scorched earth campaigns
822
00:36:18,342 --> 00:36:20,378
and concentration camps.
823
00:36:21,913 --> 00:36:25,116
Anthea Nardi: Amid this chaos,
Kruger faced a pivotal decision.
824
00:36:25,116 --> 00:36:27,418
How to safeguard
the Republic's wealth,
825
00:36:27,418 --> 00:36:30,621
so he and his advisors
devised a plan.
826
00:36:30,621 --> 00:36:34,258
Kruger fled South Africa with
over $2 million pounds in gold
827
00:36:34,258 --> 00:36:36,694
worth over $500 million today.
828
00:36:37,595 --> 00:36:40,164
But somewhere along the line,
the gold vanished,
829
00:36:40,164 --> 00:36:43,167
creating one of history's
most enduring enigmas.
830
00:36:43,167 --> 00:36:45,436
So what happened to
the Kruger Millions?
831
00:36:47,004 --> 00:36:48,606
Narrator: On June 4, 1900,
832
00:36:48,606 --> 00:36:51,209
Kruger orchestrated
a daring plan.
833
00:36:52,009 --> 00:36:54,478
James Ellis: Gold coins,
bullion, and unprocessed gold
834
00:36:54,478 --> 00:36:56,647
were removed from the
South African Mint
835
00:36:56,647 --> 00:36:59,951
and the National Bank, then
packed into wooden crates
836
00:36:59,951 --> 00:37:02,220
and transported
on wagons towards
837
00:37:02,220 --> 00:37:04,689
the Delagoa Bay Railway.
838
00:37:04,689 --> 00:37:08,159
By noon, the precious cargo
reached Pretoria station,
839
00:37:08,159 --> 00:37:10,228
where a special train awaited,
840
00:37:10,228 --> 00:37:13,598
shrouded in secrecy and
protected by armed guards.
841
00:37:14,599 --> 00:37:16,500
Alison Leonard: Kruger's
plan was audacious,
842
00:37:16,500 --> 00:37:19,403
to transport the Republic's
wealth to Mozambique,
843
00:37:19,403 --> 00:37:21,772
possibly to finance the
war effort from abroad,
844
00:37:21,772 --> 00:37:25,376
or to solidify the nation's
future after the conflict.
845
00:37:25,376 --> 00:37:27,245
For Kruger, this
wasn't simply wealth;
846
00:37:27,245 --> 00:37:29,413
it was the Republic's
lifeline in wartime.
847
00:37:31,249 --> 00:37:32,650
Adam Bunch:
Somewhere along the way,
848
00:37:32,650 --> 00:37:36,387
some of the Kruger Millions
seem to have disappeared.
849
00:37:36,387 --> 00:37:38,656
When British forces
took Pretoria,
850
00:37:38,656 --> 00:37:42,126
they found the vaults empty
and Kruger gone.
851
00:37:42,126 --> 00:37:44,629
The difference between
those two numbers
852
00:37:44,629 --> 00:37:48,499
has sparked speculation,
myths and legends
853
00:37:48,499 --> 00:37:50,234
that have fascinated people
854
00:37:50,234 --> 00:37:52,270
for more than a century now.
855
00:37:54,338 --> 00:37:57,108
Narrator: Amidst these tales,
one possibility echoes
856
00:37:57,108 --> 00:37:59,343
more persistently than the rest.
857
00:37:59,343 --> 00:38:02,213
The belief that the Kruger
Millions never left the land
858
00:38:02,213 --> 00:38:04,682
where they were forged
and may lie hidden
859
00:38:04,682 --> 00:38:07,918
within South Africa's
vast and rugged landscape.
860
00:38:09,253 --> 00:38:10,721
Anthea Nardi: The idea that
Kruger hid the gold
861
00:38:10,721 --> 00:38:13,424
within South Africa
is plausible.
862
00:38:13,424 --> 00:38:16,294
Anticipating that the British
might intercept the treasure
863
00:38:16,294 --> 00:38:18,229
before it reached Mozambique,
864
00:38:18,229 --> 00:38:20,131
Kruger could have
ordered it to be concealed
865
00:38:20,131 --> 00:38:21,799
along the escape route.
866
00:38:21,799 --> 00:38:25,436
The train passed through
secluded areas like Machadodorp,
867
00:38:25,436 --> 00:38:28,472
the Blyde River Canyon,
the Sudwala Caves
868
00:38:28,472 --> 00:38:32,476
and Waterval Onder, ideal
locations for hiding a fortune.
869
00:38:34,445 --> 00:38:36,414
James Ellis: Waterval Onder
wasn't just an ideal
870
00:38:36,414 --> 00:38:38,749
hiding place; it became
the nerve center
871
00:38:38,749 --> 00:38:40,885
for Kruger's
government in exile.
872
00:38:41,752 --> 00:38:44,588
Daily trains connected
the site with Machadodorp,
873
00:38:44,588 --> 00:38:46,791
the last town in Boer territory,
874
00:38:46,791 --> 00:38:49,460
allowing crucial war
strategy meetings
875
00:38:49,460 --> 00:38:51,762
as the British closed in.
876
00:38:51,762 --> 00:38:55,533
With tunnels and rail links
running toward Mozambique,
877
00:38:55,533 --> 00:38:58,502
it was a location well-suited
for concealing a fortune.
878
00:38:59,603 --> 00:39:01,339
Alison Leonard: Plus,
the security of the area
879
00:39:01,339 --> 00:39:04,775
meant his most trusted
advisors had easy access.
880
00:39:04,775 --> 00:39:06,577
You have to wonder if
Kruger's men
881
00:39:06,577 --> 00:39:08,446
may have hidden
the treasure there,
882
00:39:08,446 --> 00:39:10,848
or if this is just another
layer of misdirection.
883
00:39:12,817 --> 00:39:15,853
Narrator: In 1900, a Boer
officer named Fritz Duquesne,
884
00:39:15,853 --> 00:39:17,922
known for his cunning
and deep-seated
885
00:39:17,922 --> 00:39:19,256
hatred for the British,
886
00:39:19,256 --> 00:39:21,425
is said to have been
entrusted with the gold.
887
00:39:22,860 --> 00:39:26,030
Adam Bunch: There's lots of
reason not to believe Duquesne.
888
00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:29,600
He was a known con artist,
later became a Nazi spy,
889
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:32,403
and often rewrote
his own history.
890
00:39:32,403 --> 00:39:35,673
But some stories claim
he led a convoy of wagons
891
00:39:35,673 --> 00:39:38,376
filled with gold, and
then along the way,
892
00:39:38,376 --> 00:39:41,112
his men tried to kill him
and steal the treasure.
893
00:39:43,013 --> 00:39:44,515
Anthea Nardi: Duquesne
caught on to their plan
894
00:39:44,515 --> 00:39:46,851
and managed to foil the
assassination attempt.
895
00:39:46,851 --> 00:39:49,887
It's alleged that he later
ordered his loyal servants
896
00:39:49,887 --> 00:39:52,289
to bury the gold
in a secret location,
897
00:39:52,289 --> 00:39:54,525
possibly near
the town of Ermelo.
898
00:39:55,292 --> 00:39:58,129
He was captured by the British
shortly after, and exiled,
899
00:39:58,129 --> 00:40:00,998
and the treasure's location
remained a mystery.
900
00:40:00,998 --> 00:40:04,635
If this story is true, Duquesne
took the details to his grave.
901
00:40:06,570 --> 00:40:08,906
Narrator:
Decades later, in 2001,
902
00:40:08,906 --> 00:40:12,643
South Africa found itself
gripped by gold fever once again
903
00:40:12,643 --> 00:40:16,514
when Athol Stark, a successful
businessman from Ermelo,
904
00:40:16,514 --> 00:40:18,783
became entangled in the legend.
905
00:40:19,984 --> 00:40:21,886
James Ellis: A Zulu family
approached Stark
906
00:40:21,886 --> 00:40:25,856
with a proposition: they had
found 4,000 Kruger ponds,
907
00:40:25,856 --> 00:40:28,459
which are gold coins bearing
Paul Kruger's likeness,
908
00:40:28,459 --> 00:40:30,594
and needed his help
to sell them.
909
00:40:30,594 --> 00:40:32,863
After verifying
their authenticity,
910
00:40:32,863 --> 00:40:36,834
Stark became convinced that
the Kruger Millions were real
911
00:40:36,834 --> 00:40:39,703
and possibly hidden
near his hometown.
912
00:40:40,771 --> 00:40:42,873
Alison Leonard: As word spread,
treasure hunters flocked
913
00:40:42,873 --> 00:40:45,109
to Ermelo, believing that the
coins could be part
914
00:40:45,109 --> 00:40:46,744
of Duquesne's hidden treasure.
915
00:40:46,744 --> 00:40:49,480
The discovery of a buried
statue and multiple caches
916
00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:51,749
of coins in the area
added fuel to the fire,
917
00:40:51,749 --> 00:40:54,185
and for a moment,
it seemed like the mystery
918
00:40:54,185 --> 00:40:55,719
might finally be solved.
919
00:40:57,321 --> 00:40:59,557
James Ellis: But despite
extensive searches,
920
00:40:59,557 --> 00:41:02,760
no evidence of the full
Kruger Millions was found.
921
00:41:02,760 --> 00:41:06,030
The coins that were discovered
were isolated stashes,
922
00:41:06,030 --> 00:41:08,599
perhaps buried by Boer farmers
during the war
923
00:41:08,599 --> 00:41:10,501
to protect their savings.
924
00:41:11,902 --> 00:41:14,505
Narrator: Without evidence
of a vast, singular hoard,
925
00:41:14,505 --> 00:41:17,475
perhaps the Kruger Millions
weren't hidden at all,
926
00:41:17,475 --> 00:41:19,243
and the true fate of the gold
927
00:41:19,243 --> 00:41:21,078
could reveal a different story
928
00:41:21,078 --> 00:41:22,813
about the Boer struggle.
929
00:41:22,813 --> 00:41:25,816
Anthea Nardi: It's possible
Kruger intended to use the gold
930
00:41:25,816 --> 00:41:28,385
in a desperate bid to sustain
the Republic's fight
931
00:41:28,385 --> 00:41:29,887
against the British.
932
00:41:29,887 --> 00:41:32,756
As conventional warfare
became untenable,
933
00:41:32,756 --> 00:41:34,859
the Boers needed resources
934
00:41:34,859 --> 00:41:37,061
to continue their
guerrilla tactics.
935
00:41:37,061 --> 00:41:39,763
The gold could have been
crucial in paying soldiers,
936
00:41:39,763 --> 00:41:42,533
securing ammunition, and
buying essential supplies.
937
00:41:43,834 --> 00:41:46,570
James Ellis: Evidence suggests
that significant amounts of gold
938
00:41:46,570 --> 00:41:49,773
were transported to
Lourenço Marques in Mozambique.
939
00:41:49,773 --> 00:41:52,209
There, it was exchanged
for provisions,
940
00:41:52,209 --> 00:41:56,413
everything from ammunition,
to 44,000 bags of flour.
941
00:41:56,413 --> 00:41:59,416
While this certainly supports
the idea that some of the money
942
00:41:59,416 --> 00:42:01,385
was spent in efforts
to fund the war,
943
00:42:01,385 --> 00:42:02,953
we still don't have records
944
00:42:02,953 --> 00:42:04,955
that account for
all the missing gold.
945
00:42:04,955 --> 00:42:07,791
So, if the treasure wasn't
entirely consumed
946
00:42:07,791 --> 00:42:10,327
by the war effort,
or lost amid the chaos,
947
00:42:10,327 --> 00:42:14,598
could its fate lie in Kruger's
most daring maneuver of all?
948
00:42:15,733 --> 00:42:17,601
Narrator: Faced with
dwindling options,
949
00:42:17,601 --> 00:42:20,838
Kruger may have devised
a bold and final strategy
950
00:42:20,838 --> 00:42:23,807
for the Republic's wealth,
an audacious move
951
00:42:23,807 --> 00:42:25,643
that would carry
the Kruger Millions
952
00:42:25,643 --> 00:42:28,012
far beyond South African shores.
953
00:42:29,246 --> 00:42:30,681
Alison Leonard: It's possible
the Kruger Millions
954
00:42:30,681 --> 00:42:32,349
were smuggled out of Africa
955
00:42:32,349 --> 00:42:34,018
and taken to Europe
by Kruger himself,
956
00:42:34,018 --> 00:42:37,054
then hidden within
international banking systems.
957
00:42:37,888 --> 00:42:40,157
After the fall of Pretoria,
Kruger fled to Mozambique
958
00:42:40,157 --> 00:42:43,994
and secured passage aboard the
Dutch warship HNLMS Gelderland.
959
00:42:43,994 --> 00:42:45,763
Perhaps Kruger took a
substantial portion
960
00:42:45,763 --> 00:42:47,865
of the treasure with him,
intending to use it to rally
961
00:42:47,865 --> 00:42:49,900
international support
for the Boer cause.
962
00:42:51,802 --> 00:42:54,338
Adam Bunch: Kruger spent his
final years in the Netherlands,
963
00:42:54,338 --> 00:42:56,840
and his relationships there
could have helped him
964
00:42:56,840 --> 00:42:58,842
get the gold into Europe.
965
00:42:58,842 --> 00:43:01,245
There even seemed to
be records of deposits
966
00:43:01,245 --> 00:43:03,180
in Dutch and Swiss banks.
967
00:43:04,915 --> 00:43:07,885
Narrator: The recent discovery
of over 900 Kruger coins
968
00:43:07,885 --> 00:43:11,355
found in a Swiss vault,
adds credence to this theory,
969
00:43:11,355 --> 00:43:14,925
suggesting that some of the
treasure was smuggled abroad.
970
00:43:16,026 --> 00:43:17,661
Anthea Nardi: These coins,
minted during
971
00:43:17,661 --> 00:43:20,731
Kruger's Presidency and
preserved for over a century,
972
00:43:20,731 --> 00:43:23,867
offer a tantalizing
piece of the puzzle.
973
00:43:23,867 --> 00:43:26,003
While it indicates that at
least a fraction
974
00:43:26,003 --> 00:43:28,405
of the Kruger Millions
made it to Europe,
975
00:43:28,405 --> 00:43:30,774
the quantity found
is small compared to
976
00:43:30,774 --> 00:43:33,043
the supposed total
value of the treasure.
977
00:43:33,911 --> 00:43:36,213
James Ellis: Kruger's
lifestyle in exile was modest,
978
00:43:36,213 --> 00:43:37,881
and upon his death in 1904,
979
00:43:37,881 --> 00:43:40,017
there were no signs
of vast wealth.
980
00:43:40,017 --> 00:43:43,020
The gaps in documentation
and the secretive nature
981
00:43:43,020 --> 00:43:44,888
of international banking
at the time,
982
00:43:44,888 --> 00:43:47,224
make it difficult
to verify this theory.
983
00:43:48,792 --> 00:43:51,362
For all we know, Kruger's
Millions might still
984
00:43:51,362 --> 00:43:53,764
be stashed away in Swiss Vaults,
985
00:43:53,764 --> 00:43:56,400
waiting to fund another
Boer resistance
986
00:43:56,400 --> 00:43:57,835
that never happened.
987
00:43:58,902 --> 00:44:00,838
Narrator: Over a
century has passed,
988
00:44:00,838 --> 00:44:04,074
yet the enigma of the Kruger
Millions continues to captivate
989
00:44:04,074 --> 00:44:07,378
historians and treasure
hunters worldwide.
990
00:44:07,978 --> 00:44:10,347
Alison Leonard: The legend
isn't just a tale of lost gold.
991
00:44:10,347 --> 00:44:12,683
It's a story that captures
a nation's struggle,
992
00:44:12,683 --> 00:44:14,685
the tangled legacy
of colonialism,
993
00:44:14,685 --> 00:44:17,254
and the irresistible
pull of a mystery
994
00:44:17,254 --> 00:44:18,722
that refuses to be solved.
995
00:44:20,958 --> 00:44:24,495
Adam Bunch: Whether the tale
of lost gold is true or not,
996
00:44:24,495 --> 00:44:27,231
the story is a valuable reminder
997
00:44:27,231 --> 00:44:30,567
of a pivotal moment in
South African history,
998
00:44:30,567 --> 00:44:34,438
a brutal war that left
tens of thousands dead
999
00:44:34,438 --> 00:44:36,740
and set the scene for apartheid.
1000
00:44:37,708 --> 00:44:40,110
Narrator: The mystery of
Kruger's Millions endures,
1001
00:44:40,110 --> 00:44:43,647
a timeless relic of colonial
ambition and resistance,
1002
00:44:43,647 --> 00:44:46,250
caught between history
and legend.
1003
00:44:46,250 --> 00:44:48,886
A haunting symbol of
a people's struggle,
1004
00:44:48,886 --> 00:44:51,288
it's a reminder that history
1005
00:44:51,288 --> 00:44:52,656
is full of secrets,
1006
00:44:52,656 --> 00:44:54,625
waiting to be revealed.
1007
00:44:54,625 --> 00:45:01,265
♪♪
1008
00:45:02,332 --> 00:45:07,071
♪♪
119342
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.