Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:01,434 --> 00:00:01,468
Na
2
00:00:01,468 --> 00:00:01,501
Narr
3
00:00:01,501 --> 00:00:01,534
Narrat
4
00:00:01,534 --> 00:00:01,568
Narrator
5
00:00:01,568 --> 00:00:01,634
Narrator:
6
00:00:01,634 --> 00:00:01,668
Narrator:
Th
7
00:00:01,668 --> 00:00:01,701
Narrator:
The
8
00:00:01,701 --> 00:00:01,735
Narrator:
The co
9
00:00:01,735 --> 00:00:01,768
Narrator:
The conf
10
00:00:01,768 --> 00:00:01,801
Narrator:
The confed
11
00:00:01,801 --> 00:00:01,835
Narrator:
The confeder
12
00:00:01,835 --> 00:00:01,868
Narrator:
The confederat
13
00:00:01,868 --> 00:00:01,901
Narrator:
The confederate
14
00:00:01,901 --> 00:00:01,935
Narrator:
The confederate tr
15
00:00:01,935 --> 00:00:01,968
Narrator:
The confederate trea
16
00:00:01,968 --> 00:00:02,002
Narrator:
The confederate treasu
17
00:00:02,002 --> 00:00:02,035
Narrator:
The confederate treasury
18
00:00:02,035 --> 00:00:03,169
Narrator:
The confederate treasury,
19
00:00:03,169 --> 00:00:05,572
worth an estimated
$142 Million today,
20
00:00:05,572 --> 00:00:10,377
seemingly vanished following
the American Civil War in 1865.
21
00:00:11,244 --> 00:00:12,879
Anthea Nardi: One of the
most enduring theories was
22
00:00:12,879 --> 00:00:16,016
that it was stolen,
or quietly diverted,
23
00:00:16,016 --> 00:00:18,118
by the men assigned
to protect it.
24
00:00:20,520 --> 00:00:23,456
Narrator: Ivan the Terrible,
curator of one of history's
25
00:00:23,456 --> 00:00:26,126
most prized libraries,
may have taken
26
00:00:26,126 --> 00:00:28,628
its secret location
to his grave.
27
00:00:29,863 --> 00:00:31,631
Alison Leonard: Ivan may have
stored the library in the many
28
00:00:31,631 --> 00:00:34,134
corridors and chambers he liked
to imprison and torture
29
00:00:34,134 --> 00:00:36,336
his enemies in, right under
Moscow's Kremlin.
30
00:00:38,571 --> 00:00:41,608
Narrator: The unsolved heist of
the Irish Crown Jewels
31
00:00:41,608 --> 00:00:44,177
from Dublin Castle in 1907,
32
00:00:44,177 --> 00:00:47,113
points to a shadowy
cast of characters.
33
00:00:48,081 --> 00:00:49,949
James Ellis: This sparked
rumors of a cover-up,
34
00:00:49,949 --> 00:00:53,720
suggesting that certain powerful
interests had something to hide.
35
00:00:54,888 --> 00:00:56,489
♪♪
36
00:00:56,489 --> 00:00:59,526
Narrator: The chain of history
has many missing links.
37
00:00:59,993 --> 00:01:01,561
Prominent people.
38
00:01:01,561 --> 00:01:03,196
Priceless treasures.
39
00:01:03,196 --> 00:01:05,165
Extraordinary artifacts.
40
00:01:05,965 --> 00:01:08,768
Their locations still unknown,
41
00:01:08,768 --> 00:01:10,703
lost to the fog of time.
42
00:01:12,005 --> 00:01:14,841
What happens when
stories of the past...
43
00:01:14,841 --> 00:01:16,409
become...
44
00:01:16,409 --> 00:01:17,644
Vanished History?
45
00:01:17,644 --> 00:01:32,025
♪♪
46
00:01:32,025 --> 00:01:34,127
Narrator: In April 1865,
47
00:01:34,127 --> 00:01:37,097
as the Civil War reached
its brutal conclusion,
48
00:01:37,097 --> 00:01:39,132
the Confederate
States of America
49
00:01:39,132 --> 00:01:42,202
crumbled under the weight
of Union victories.
50
00:01:43,303 --> 00:01:46,206
The Confederate capital
city of Richmond burned,
51
00:01:46,206 --> 00:01:49,509
as its leaders fled in
the night on two trains:
52
00:01:49,509 --> 00:01:53,513
one carried Jefferson Davis
and his desperate government;
53
00:01:53,513 --> 00:01:55,982
the other, the
Confederate treasury:
54
00:01:55,982 --> 00:01:58,485
a fortune in gold and silver.
55
00:02:00,787 --> 00:02:02,455
Anthea Nardi: The Confederate
treasury represented
56
00:02:02,455 --> 00:02:05,658
more than money, it was a symbol
of Southern independence
57
00:02:05,658 --> 00:02:07,927
and their only hope of
sustaining a regime
58
00:02:07,927 --> 00:02:09,662
on the brink of defeat.
59
00:02:10,930 --> 00:02:14,200
It included over
$700,000 in gold, silver,
60
00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:16,102
and donations from
Southern families,
61
00:02:16,102 --> 00:02:18,104
such as heirlooms, jewelry,
62
00:02:18,104 --> 00:02:20,273
even sweepings
from mint floors.
63
00:02:22,008 --> 00:02:25,211
James Ellis: When Richmond fell,
the President of the Confederacy
64
00:02:25,211 --> 00:02:28,281
- Jefferson Davis, and
his cabinet fled south,
65
00:02:28,281 --> 00:02:30,984
taking the Confederate
treasury with them,
66
00:02:30,984 --> 00:02:35,388
a fortune worth about
$142 million today.
67
00:02:35,388 --> 00:02:38,158
But just weeks later,
when Davis was captured,
68
00:02:38,158 --> 00:02:40,226
the treasure was gone.
69
00:02:40,226 --> 00:02:43,496
And that leaves one big
question: Where did it go?
70
00:02:50,003 --> 00:02:52,438
Narrator: The Civil War
began in 1861,
71
00:02:52,438 --> 00:02:55,408
when 11 Southern states broke
away from the Union,
72
00:02:55,408 --> 00:02:57,243
aiming to protect slavery
73
00:02:57,243 --> 00:02:59,879
and their idea
of states' rights.
74
00:03:01,014 --> 00:03:03,416
James Ellis: Virginia became
the heart of the conflict.
75
00:03:03,416 --> 00:03:05,852
Early victories gave
the Confederates hope,
76
00:03:05,852 --> 00:03:09,088
but General Robert E. Lee's
defeats at Gettysburg
77
00:03:09,088 --> 00:03:11,658
and Petersburg,
shattered that optimism.
78
00:03:13,126 --> 00:03:14,994
Four years after the war began,
79
00:03:14,994 --> 00:03:17,030
the South was in ruins,
80
00:03:17,030 --> 00:03:19,199
its cities burning,
its armies depleted,
81
00:03:19,199 --> 00:03:21,434
and its people were starving.
82
00:03:24,437 --> 00:03:26,206
Alison Leonard:
On April 2, 1865,
83
00:03:26,206 --> 00:03:28,241
Jefferson Davis received word
that Lee's lines
84
00:03:28,241 --> 00:03:29,776
at Petersburg had collapsed.
85
00:03:29,776 --> 00:03:32,412
An evacuation of Richmond was
ordered immediately,
86
00:03:32,412 --> 00:03:34,247
but not before the
Confederate treasury
87
00:03:34,247 --> 00:03:35,715
was removed from its vaults.
88
00:03:37,550 --> 00:03:39,252
Adam Bunch:
That night, at midnight,
89
00:03:39,252 --> 00:03:41,988
two trains left Richmond,
90
00:03:41,988 --> 00:03:43,890
fleeing ahead of the Union army:
91
00:03:43,890 --> 00:03:47,126
one carrying government
documents and officials;
92
00:03:47,126 --> 00:03:49,229
the other, under the command of
93
00:03:49,229 --> 00:03:52,599
Navy Captain William H. Parker,
held the treasury.
94
00:03:54,534 --> 00:03:56,069
Anthea Nardi:
Guarded by naval cadets,
95
00:03:56,069 --> 00:03:57,604
some as young as 12 years old,
96
00:03:57,604 --> 00:04:00,073
the train moved towards
Danville, Virginia,
97
00:04:00,073 --> 00:04:02,075
over 140 miles south.
98
00:04:02,075 --> 00:04:04,143
There, the railroad ended,
99
00:04:04,143 --> 00:04:06,613
and the weight of over
9,000 pounds of silver
100
00:04:06,613 --> 00:04:08,748
became an insurmountable
challenge.
101
00:04:10,950 --> 00:04:12,685
James Ellis: From Danville,
the men and their cargo
102
00:04:12,685 --> 00:04:15,255
continued their journey
south, by horseback,
103
00:04:15,255 --> 00:04:17,991
toward the U.S. Mint in
Charlotte, North Carolina,
104
00:04:17,991 --> 00:04:21,794
where Captain Parker initially
planned to secure the treasure.
105
00:04:21,794 --> 00:04:25,565
The Union cavalry in the area
forced a change of course.
106
00:04:30,403 --> 00:04:32,171
Narrator: As Confederate
forces dwindled,
107
00:04:32,171 --> 00:04:33,806
so did their resources,
108
00:04:33,806 --> 00:04:37,310
and the burden of protecting
the treasury soon shifted
109
00:04:37,310 --> 00:04:40,580
to Secretary of War,
John C. Breckenridge.
110
00:04:42,315 --> 00:04:44,150
Adam Bunch: It's said that
Breckenridge trusted
111
00:04:44,150 --> 00:04:45,785
what was left of the treasure
112
00:04:45,785 --> 00:04:48,921
to a Brigadier General
named Basil Duke.
113
00:04:48,921 --> 00:04:50,890
It was divided into six wagons
114
00:04:50,890 --> 00:04:53,259
guarded by fewer than 1,000 men,
115
00:04:53,259 --> 00:04:56,362
and started a dangerous
retreat through Georgia,
116
00:04:56,362 --> 00:04:59,899
heading deeper into the south,
away from the front lines.
117
00:05:01,934 --> 00:05:03,603
James Ellis: On May 10, 1865,
118
00:05:03,603 --> 00:05:07,006
Jefferson Davis was captured
near Irwinville, Georgia,
119
00:05:07,006 --> 00:05:09,242
carrying only a
handful of coins.
120
00:05:09,242 --> 00:05:13,012
Union troops seized
$100,000 in gold
121
00:05:13,012 --> 00:05:14,647
stored in a Washington bank,
122
00:05:14,647 --> 00:05:17,483
but the bulk of
the treasury was gone.
123
00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:23,589
Narrator: Theories about the
Confederate treasure's fate
124
00:05:23,589 --> 00:05:26,859
began in Danville, where
advancing Union forces
125
00:05:26,859 --> 00:05:28,795
drove desperate decisions.
126
00:05:29,562 --> 00:05:30,763
Alison Leonard: It's possible
that some of the
127
00:05:30,763 --> 00:05:32,465
Confederate treasure
was buried in Danville
128
00:05:32,465 --> 00:05:34,367
during those chaotic
final days of the war.
129
00:05:34,367 --> 00:05:35,835
With the sheer weight
of the silver
130
00:05:35,835 --> 00:05:37,770
and the logistical
challenges of moving it,
131
00:05:37,770 --> 00:05:39,739
Confederate officials
might have had no choice
132
00:05:39,739 --> 00:05:41,474
but to hide
it in remote locations,
133
00:05:41,474 --> 00:05:43,943
planning to come back for
it once the war was over.
134
00:05:45,912 --> 00:05:47,780
Adam Bunch: The Confederate
government briefly used
135
00:05:47,780 --> 00:05:51,184
Danville as essentially,
its makeshift capital,
136
00:05:51,184 --> 00:05:53,686
but was soon forced
to keep fleeing south.
137
00:05:53,686 --> 00:05:55,621
It would have been
a frantic scene,
138
00:05:55,621 --> 00:05:57,724
with soldiers working
late into the night,
139
00:05:57,724 --> 00:06:00,059
said to have been moving
crates and barrels
140
00:06:00,059 --> 00:06:03,262
that sparked some theories
about part of the treasury
141
00:06:03,262 --> 00:06:05,498
maybe being hidden nearby.
142
00:06:07,233 --> 00:06:08,568
James Ellis:
Some speculated that the
143
00:06:08,568 --> 00:06:10,002
Knights of the Golden Circle,
144
00:06:10,002 --> 00:06:13,239
a shadowy organization
tied to the Confederacy,
145
00:06:13,239 --> 00:06:15,641
played a role in
hiding the treasure.
146
00:06:15,641 --> 00:06:18,211
The Knights were known
for their coded symbols
147
00:06:18,211 --> 00:06:19,545
and elaborate rituals
148
00:06:19,545 --> 00:06:22,548
and were said to mark
significant hiding places.
149
00:06:22,548 --> 00:06:26,419
They entrusted these locations
only to loyal members.
150
00:06:26,419 --> 00:06:29,389
This secrecy has fueled
speculation
151
00:06:29,389 --> 00:06:31,758
about buried caches
throughout the South.
152
00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:36,596
Adam Bunch: Some people like to
say the gold might be buried
153
00:06:36,596 --> 00:06:38,965
in Danville's cemeteries,
154
00:06:38,965 --> 00:06:41,934
but there's been no proof of a
link between those sites
155
00:06:41,934 --> 00:06:43,803
and the Knights
of the Golden Circle,
156
00:06:43,803 --> 00:06:47,140
and there are laws protecting
burial grounds too.
157
00:06:47,140 --> 00:06:50,543
Even advanced tools like ground-
penetrating radar haven't found
158
00:06:50,543 --> 00:06:53,846
any proof of hidden
Confederate gold in the city.
159
00:06:53,846 --> 00:06:56,349
But for some, that just
makes the mystery
160
00:06:56,349 --> 00:06:58,050
even more intriguing.
161
00:07:02,321 --> 00:07:04,290
Narrator: Some believe
the fate of the treasury
162
00:07:04,290 --> 00:07:06,826
wasn't left entirely
to circumstance;
163
00:07:06,826 --> 00:07:10,763
along its journey, key decisions
and those who made them,
164
00:07:10,763 --> 00:07:13,466
hint at a more deliberate plan.
165
00:07:15,001 --> 00:07:16,169
Anthea Nardi: One of the most
enduring theories
166
00:07:16,169 --> 00:07:19,105
about the Confederate treasury
was that it was stolen
167
00:07:19,105 --> 00:07:23,876
or quietly diverted by the men
assigned to protect it.
168
00:07:23,876 --> 00:07:27,647
On May 4, 1865,
in Washington, Georgia,
169
00:07:27,647 --> 00:07:32,318
$86,000 in gold and bullion,
worth over $1 million today,
170
00:07:32,318 --> 00:07:34,387
was handed to
Confederate Navy officers
171
00:07:34,387 --> 00:07:36,756
James Semple and Edward Tidball.
172
00:07:36,756 --> 00:07:39,759
Their mission was to smuggle
it to Liverpool, England,
173
00:07:39,759 --> 00:07:42,061
which was the Confederacy's
financial hub.
174
00:07:44,564 --> 00:07:46,966
James Ellis: Liverpool was a
lifeline for the Confederacy,
175
00:07:46,966 --> 00:07:49,902
a gateway for resources
and diplomacy.
176
00:07:49,902 --> 00:07:54,207
The gold was likely intended to
pay off debts, secure supplies,
177
00:07:54,207 --> 00:07:57,343
and maintain
international alliances.
178
00:07:57,343 --> 00:07:58,744
But it never made it.
179
00:07:58,744 --> 00:08:01,547
Instead, Semple and
Tidball vanished,
180
00:08:01,547 --> 00:08:04,517
ultimately abandoning their
mission in South Carolina.
181
00:08:09,489 --> 00:08:10,723
Alison Leonard:
Edward Tidball's postwar life
182
00:08:10,723 --> 00:08:12,492
was certainly questionable.
183
00:08:12,492 --> 00:08:14,393
Just days after getting
the gold from Davis,
184
00:08:14,393 --> 00:08:16,462
he was spotted heading north
from Georgia
185
00:08:16,462 --> 00:08:18,531
and eventually settled in
Winchester, Virginia,
186
00:08:18,531 --> 00:08:20,933
where he built Linden Farm,
an extravagant estate
187
00:08:20,933 --> 00:08:23,002
far beyond the means of a
former Confederate officer.
188
00:08:24,670 --> 00:08:26,606
Narrator:
While Tidball's rise to wealth
189
00:08:26,606 --> 00:08:28,608
hinted at possible betrayal,
190
00:08:28,608 --> 00:08:32,778
his companion, James Semple,
chose a more elusive path...
191
00:08:35,047 --> 00:08:37,950
Anthea Nardi: Semple's movements
after the war are murky.
192
00:08:37,950 --> 00:08:40,620
Historical accounts
suggest he fled south,
193
00:08:40,620 --> 00:08:42,622
hiding in the Okefenokee Swamp
194
00:08:42,622 --> 00:08:45,691
before making his way
to Nassau in the Bahamas.
195
00:08:45,691 --> 00:08:47,493
He even exchanged letters
196
00:08:47,493 --> 00:08:50,029
with President John Tyler's
widow Julia,
197
00:08:50,029 --> 00:08:52,999
which hint at lavish
spending on romance
198
00:08:52,999 --> 00:08:54,166
and secret dealings.
199
00:08:55,902 --> 00:08:58,738
Adam Bunch: Operating under
aliases like Allen S. James,
200
00:08:58,738 --> 00:09:01,774
Semple moved between
Canada and the United States,
201
00:09:01,774 --> 00:09:05,444
funneling resources to
Confederates in exile.
202
00:09:05,444 --> 00:09:07,380
So some people wonder whether
he might've used
203
00:09:07,380 --> 00:09:10,883
the stolen treasury
to fund these operations
204
00:09:10,883 --> 00:09:13,653
and pursue political ambitions
after the war's end.
205
00:09:15,488 --> 00:09:17,456
Narrator:
As the treasury's trail faded,
206
00:09:17,456 --> 00:09:19,859
it sparked more
questions than answers,
207
00:09:19,859 --> 00:09:22,495
leading some to believe
its final destination
208
00:09:22,495 --> 00:09:24,530
was far from southern soil,
209
00:09:24,530 --> 00:09:26,599
in an unexpected place.
210
00:09:27,466 --> 00:09:29,435
Alison Leonard: Some believe a
portion of the Confederate gold
211
00:09:29,435 --> 00:09:30,970
made its way north to Michigan.
212
00:09:31,938 --> 00:09:33,673
Adam Bunch: During his retreat,
213
00:09:33,673 --> 00:09:36,442
Davis's group is said
to have had six wagons
214
00:09:36,442 --> 00:09:39,312
loaded with gold
and other valuables.
215
00:09:39,312 --> 00:09:43,616
But when he was captured, those
wagons seem to have vanished.
216
00:09:43,616 --> 00:09:47,620
So one theory speculates that
maybe it could have been
217
00:09:47,620 --> 00:09:51,257
hidden nearby, and then
redirected north.
218
00:09:52,892 --> 00:09:54,760
Anthea Nardi: Four years
after Davis's capture,
219
00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:56,429
two railroads were completed.
220
00:09:56,429 --> 00:09:59,999
One in Georgia and another
connecting Muskegon, Michigan
221
00:09:59,999 --> 00:10:01,434
to Lake Michigan.
222
00:10:01,968 --> 00:10:04,437
This expanding network would
have made it possible
223
00:10:04,437 --> 00:10:06,405
to transport concealed gold
224
00:10:06,405 --> 00:10:08,541
without raising
too much suspicion.
225
00:10:11,243 --> 00:10:13,646
Narrator: The mystery took
an even stranger turn
226
00:10:13,646 --> 00:10:16,215
many years later when
a deathbed confession
227
00:10:16,215 --> 00:10:20,252
linked the Confederate gold
directly to Muskegon.
228
00:10:21,621 --> 00:10:23,956
James Ellis: In 1921, George
Alexander Abbott,
229
00:10:23,956 --> 00:10:26,092
Vice President of
Hackley National Bank,
230
00:10:26,092 --> 00:10:28,894
made a startling
claim on his deathbed.
231
00:10:28,894 --> 00:10:32,298
He confessed to stealing
part of the Confederate gold
232
00:10:32,298 --> 00:10:34,133
and hiding it in a boxcar,
233
00:10:34,133 --> 00:10:36,636
which was ferried
across Lake Michigan.
234
00:10:38,771 --> 00:10:39,772
Alison Leonard:
According to Abbott,
235
00:10:39,772 --> 00:10:41,974
a violent storm struck
during the crossing,
236
00:10:41,974 --> 00:10:43,576
and the boxcar was
pushed overboard,
237
00:10:43,576 --> 00:10:45,177
sending the gold into the lake.
238
00:10:46,746 --> 00:10:49,081
If true, millions in
Confederate treasure
239
00:10:49,081 --> 00:10:50,783
could still lie
beneath Lake Michigan.
240
00:10:53,552 --> 00:10:55,388
Narrator: But the Michigan
theory doesn't rest
241
00:10:55,388 --> 00:10:57,089
solely on Abbott's confession.
242
00:10:58,357 --> 00:11:02,361
Adam Bunch: Abbott's uncle was
Brigadier General Robert Minty,
243
00:11:02,361 --> 00:11:04,864
a celebrated Union
cavalry officer,
244
00:11:04,864 --> 00:11:07,400
whose unit captured Davis.
245
00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:11,504
So, some treasure hunters have
turned their attention to him,
246
00:11:11,504 --> 00:11:14,974
while pointing to the fact the
president of Abbott's bank,
247
00:11:14,974 --> 00:11:18,210
lumber baron Charles Hackley,
saw his wealth grow
248
00:11:18,210 --> 00:11:21,614
right around the same
time Davis was caught.
249
00:11:23,115 --> 00:11:24,950
Anthea Nardi: Even
Muskegon's Hackley Park,
250
00:11:24,950 --> 00:11:29,021
dedicated to Civil War veterans,
holds interesting symbolism.
251
00:11:29,021 --> 00:11:31,791
Its layout, with diagonal
and curved sidewalks,
252
00:11:31,791 --> 00:11:34,026
resembles the
Confederate battle flag,
253
00:11:34,026 --> 00:11:35,895
and in the centre of the park
254
00:11:35,895 --> 00:11:37,963
there's a statue
of a cavalry soldier
255
00:11:37,963 --> 00:11:40,700
that bears a striking
resemblance to Robert Minty.
256
00:11:41,333 --> 00:11:44,637
Could this be a veiled tribute
to a hidden source of wealth?
257
00:11:49,942 --> 00:11:51,944
Narrator: The Confederate
treasury's disappearance
258
00:11:51,944 --> 00:11:54,246
is a tangle of fragmented
truths,
259
00:11:54,246 --> 00:11:58,651
lost records,
and enduring speculation.
260
00:12:00,119 --> 00:12:01,921
Alison Leonard: Jefferson
Davis spent his post-war years
261
00:12:01,921 --> 00:12:03,989
defending the
Confederacy's ideals,
262
00:12:03,989 --> 00:12:07,126
crafting a narrative that
glorified its "lost cause."
263
00:12:09,729 --> 00:12:11,030
Narrator: The Confederate
treasury's fate
264
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:13,766
may never be known,
but its legacy endures
265
00:12:13,766 --> 00:12:15,935
as a stark symbol of a rebellion
266
00:12:15,935 --> 00:12:18,938
built on exploitation
and oppression,
267
00:12:18,938 --> 00:12:21,607
a reminder of the
chaos and consequences
268
00:12:21,607 --> 00:12:25,578
of a war fought to preserve
an unjust cause.
269
00:12:25,578 --> 00:12:31,183
♪♪
270
00:12:35,454 --> 00:12:35,654
♪♪
271
00:12:35,654 --> 00:12:45,097
♪♪
272
00:12:45,097 --> 00:12:46,432
Narrator: In the 16th century,
273
00:12:46,432 --> 00:12:49,769
the Tsar of all the Russias,
Ivan the Terrible,
274
00:12:49,769 --> 00:12:52,171
had come to possess
an astounding collection
275
00:12:52,171 --> 00:12:54,774
of ancient books,
holding powerful knowledge
276
00:12:54,774 --> 00:12:57,076
from past civilizations.
277
00:12:59,211 --> 00:13:01,280
Throughout Ivan's
fearsome reign,
278
00:13:01,280 --> 00:13:04,717
he kept the location of his
stockpile of books a secret
279
00:13:04,717 --> 00:13:07,186
from those around him,
and when he died,
280
00:13:07,186 --> 00:13:10,122
his library seemed
to die with him.
281
00:13:14,093 --> 00:13:16,695
James Ellis: The library had
originated in Constantinople,
282
00:13:16,695 --> 00:13:18,664
now Istanbul, in Turkey,
283
00:13:18,664 --> 00:13:22,101
which had been a hub of culture
and learning for centuries.
284
00:13:22,101 --> 00:13:25,905
After the city fell
to the Turks in 1453,
285
00:13:25,905 --> 00:13:27,606
the Pope arranged a marriage
286
00:13:27,606 --> 00:13:30,075
between Constantinople's
Princess Sophia,
287
00:13:30,075 --> 00:13:32,111
and Russia's Ivan the Great,
288
00:13:32,111 --> 00:13:34,914
who would become Ivan the
Terrible's grandfather.
289
00:13:36,148 --> 00:13:37,249
Alison Leonard: Sophia
was sent off to Moscow,
290
00:13:37,249 --> 00:13:40,052
along with a dowry of
over 800 gold-bound,
291
00:13:40,052 --> 00:13:42,321
jewel encrusted books
and scrolls,
292
00:13:42,321 --> 00:13:44,757
the bulk of what had been saved
from Constantinople's library
293
00:13:44,757 --> 00:13:46,826
before the Turks ransacked it.
294
00:13:46,826 --> 00:13:48,727
The collection is believed
to have included
295
00:13:48,727 --> 00:13:51,697
Greek, Latin, Hebrew,
and Egyptian texts,
296
00:13:51,697 --> 00:13:53,933
and even 2nd century
texts from China!
297
00:13:55,868 --> 00:13:57,603
James Ellis: This library
was carefully kept
298
00:13:57,603 --> 00:13:59,104
by Ivan's grandfather,
299
00:13:59,104 --> 00:14:01,340
and handed down
to Ivan's father,
300
00:14:01,340 --> 00:14:03,108
and ultimately, to Ivan.
301
00:14:04,310 --> 00:14:06,445
Over the years,
historians of the day
302
00:14:06,445 --> 00:14:09,915
recounted having glimpsed the
awe-inspiring collection,
303
00:14:09,915 --> 00:14:11,784
and based on their descriptions,
304
00:14:11,784 --> 00:14:14,320
if it were found today,
it might triple
305
00:14:14,320 --> 00:14:17,323
what we know about ancient Greek
and Roman literature, alone.
306
00:14:21,193 --> 00:14:24,830
Amma Agbedor: Ivan the Terrible
was also a collector of books.
307
00:14:24,830 --> 00:14:27,766
So after the library
passed on to him,
308
00:14:27,766 --> 00:14:30,069
he's said to have grown it
even larger.
309
00:14:30,069 --> 00:14:33,873
What we don't know, is where
he kept it hidden,
310
00:14:33,873 --> 00:14:37,076
and what became of it
after his death.
311
00:14:37,076 --> 00:14:42,348
So where is Ivan the
Terrible's lost library?
312
00:14:48,587 --> 00:14:51,090
Narrator: It could be said
that Ivan the Terrible was
313
00:14:51,090 --> 00:14:54,293
a product of his time,
and certainly, his upbringing.
314
00:14:56,328 --> 00:14:58,030
James Ellis: Despite
being born into royalty,
315
00:14:58,030 --> 00:15:00,266
Ivan had a wretched childhood.
316
00:15:00,266 --> 00:15:02,434
When he was three,
his father died,
317
00:15:02,434 --> 00:15:05,070
and his mother took
the reins as ruler;
318
00:15:05,070 --> 00:15:08,007
she was very active politically
and diplomatically.
319
00:15:08,007 --> 00:15:11,410
But when Ivan was 8,
she died too.
320
00:15:11,410 --> 00:15:15,047
Many believe she was poisoned
by power-hungry members
321
00:15:15,047 --> 00:15:18,384
of the Russian nobility who had
access to the royal court.
322
00:15:20,019 --> 00:15:21,520
Alison Leonard: To the adults
around him, the orphaned,
323
00:15:21,520 --> 00:15:24,523
8-year-old Ivan was now
just a valuable chess piece;
324
00:15:24,523 --> 00:15:26,992
whoever controlled him
controlled Russia.
325
00:15:26,992 --> 00:15:29,295
So as the nobles battled
over control of Ivan,
326
00:15:29,295 --> 00:15:31,964
he was abused, neglected,
and manipulated.
327
00:15:31,964 --> 00:15:33,832
At his age, he
couldn't fight back,
328
00:15:33,832 --> 00:15:36,235
so instead he took
revenge on animals,
329
00:15:36,235 --> 00:15:38,470
torturing birds, and
throwing dogs and cats
330
00:15:38,470 --> 00:15:39,538
out of the palace windows.
331
00:15:43,208 --> 00:15:44,610
Amma Agbedor:
When Ivan was a teen,
332
00:15:44,610 --> 00:15:46,512
he finally asserted himself.
333
00:15:46,512 --> 00:15:49,782
At a feast one day,
he accused Prince Andrei,
334
00:15:49,782 --> 00:15:52,151
the most powerful
member of the family,
335
00:15:52,151 --> 00:15:55,521
that had probably murdered
Ivan's mother,
336
00:15:55,521 --> 00:15:58,157
of mismanaging the country.
337
00:15:58,157 --> 00:16:02,661
He had Andrei arrested and
either torn apart by dogs
338
00:16:02,661 --> 00:16:05,364
or beaten to death, maybe both.
339
00:16:07,299 --> 00:16:08,968
Alison Leonard:
The day Ivan turned 16,
340
00:16:08,968 --> 00:16:10,769
full power was
transferred to him.
341
00:16:10,769 --> 00:16:14,239
And just a couple of weeks later
he married Anastasia Romanova.
342
00:16:14,907 --> 00:16:17,209
By all accounts,
Ivan loved Anastasia,
343
00:16:17,209 --> 00:16:19,244
and her gentle character
was a moderating influence
344
00:16:19,244 --> 00:16:21,180
on his sadistic tendencies.
345
00:16:26,085 --> 00:16:29,188
Narrator: 13 years later,
Anastasia died
346
00:16:29,188 --> 00:16:33,025
and Ivan was convinced she'd
been poisoned by his enemies.
347
00:16:34,159 --> 00:16:36,996
In response, he ordered
interrogations,
348
00:16:36,996 --> 00:16:40,332
tortures, and executions
among the nobility.
349
00:16:42,334 --> 00:16:44,203
James Ellis: Ivan created
the Oprichniki,
350
00:16:44,203 --> 00:16:46,372
a legion of bodyguards
and enforcers
351
00:16:46,372 --> 00:16:49,108
who lived with him like
monks in a monastery.
352
00:16:49,675 --> 00:16:52,511
But even though they
lived and dressed like monks,
353
00:16:52,511 --> 00:16:55,714
they rounded up actual
priests and monks
354
00:16:55,714 --> 00:16:57,349
and beat them to death.
355
00:16:57,349 --> 00:16:59,918
Prominent merchants,
officials, and nobles
356
00:16:59,918 --> 00:17:01,620
were tortured and killed
357
00:17:01,620 --> 00:17:04,490
and their families were thrown
into the river to drown.
358
00:17:06,492 --> 00:17:08,994
Amma Agbedor: No one who was
a perceived enemy of Ivan's,
359
00:17:08,994 --> 00:17:11,730
or of the Oprichniki, was safe.
360
00:17:11,730 --> 00:17:16,168
Anyone deemed an enemy might
be boiled alive; impaled;
361
00:17:16,168 --> 00:17:19,138
roasted to death over fire;
362
00:17:19,138 --> 00:17:22,207
even torn apart by horses.
363
00:17:23,509 --> 00:17:26,612
Thousands were killed cruelly
and indiscriminately.
364
00:17:29,448 --> 00:17:31,150
James Ellis: It's hard to
imagine that someone
365
00:17:31,150 --> 00:17:33,919
with such an appetite for
cruelty and suffering
366
00:17:33,919 --> 00:17:35,554
would have any use for books
367
00:17:35,554 --> 00:17:38,123
that spread knowledge
and encourage reflection.
368
00:17:38,123 --> 00:17:40,392
But apparently, Ivan did.
369
00:17:40,392 --> 00:17:43,028
He cared enough to hold
onto the library,
370
00:17:43,028 --> 00:17:45,164
and to keep it from others.
371
00:17:47,633 --> 00:17:49,735
Narrator: In an ironic twist,
some believe
372
00:17:49,735 --> 00:17:53,806
that the same places that might
drive a human mind to despair,
373
00:17:53,806 --> 00:17:55,340
could have been
the best locations
374
00:17:55,340 --> 00:17:58,510
to hide a priceless
compilation of knowledge.
375
00:18:00,179 --> 00:18:01,447
Alison Leonard: Ivan may have
stored the library
376
00:18:01,447 --> 00:18:03,115
in the many corridors
and chambers
377
00:18:03,115 --> 00:18:05,317
he liked to imprison and
torture his enemies in,
378
00:18:05,317 --> 00:18:07,019
right under Moscow's Kremlin.
379
00:18:07,553 --> 00:18:09,088
It would have been the
safest place for the books
380
00:18:09,088 --> 00:18:10,389
against the threat of fire,
381
00:18:10,389 --> 00:18:12,357
which was fairly common
in Moscow in those days.
382
00:18:15,360 --> 00:18:18,263
Amma Agbedor: The Kremlin was
originally built as a fortress,
383
00:18:18,263 --> 00:18:20,799
and it had underground
secret passages,
384
00:18:20,799 --> 00:18:25,437
water tunnels with concealed
intakes, and dungeons.
385
00:18:25,437 --> 00:18:29,208
Successive rulers sometimes
added fortification features,
386
00:18:29,208 --> 00:18:31,376
so by Ivan the Terrible's time,
387
00:18:31,376 --> 00:18:33,378
it was already a labyrinth.
388
00:18:35,314 --> 00:18:36,882
Alison Leonard: In the early
part of the 20th century,
389
00:18:36,882 --> 00:18:40,185
an archaeologist used old maps
and diagrams of the Kremlin
390
00:18:40,185 --> 00:18:42,754
to speculate where Ivan
might have hidden his library.
391
00:18:42,754 --> 00:18:45,891
He found an ancient gate,
untouched for centuries,
392
00:18:45,891 --> 00:18:48,093
but in his excavations
soon after,
393
00:18:48,093 --> 00:18:50,095
he broke through to an
underground river
394
00:18:50,095 --> 00:18:51,864
that threatened
to flood everything,
395
00:18:51,864 --> 00:18:53,298
so the search was put on hold.
396
00:18:55,167 --> 00:18:56,869
James Ellis: Ultimately,
he failed to turn up
397
00:18:56,869 --> 00:18:59,304
any evidence
of the lost library.
398
00:18:59,304 --> 00:19:02,241
That said, he had only been
able to search beneath
399
00:19:02,241 --> 00:19:04,009
a small fraction
of the more than
400
00:19:04,009 --> 00:19:06,345
3,000,000 square feet
of the Kremlin.
401
00:19:10,749 --> 00:19:13,285
Narrator: According to some
experts, the archaeologist
402
00:19:13,285 --> 00:19:15,420
may have dedicated the
better part of his life
403
00:19:15,420 --> 00:19:18,457
to searching under the
wrong royal residence.
404
00:19:20,592 --> 00:19:22,594
Amma Agbedor: Ivan's library
may still be hidden
405
00:19:22,594 --> 00:19:26,398
somewhere about 70 miles
northeast of Moscow
406
00:19:26,398 --> 00:19:28,967
in the town of Alexandrov,
407
00:19:28,967 --> 00:19:31,770
under Alexandrovskaya Sloboda,
408
00:19:31,770 --> 00:19:35,908
Ivan's base of operations
for about seventeen
409
00:19:35,908 --> 00:19:38,410
of the darkest years
of his reign.
410
00:19:40,712 --> 00:19:42,614
Alison Leonard: Alexandrovskaya
Sloboda is one of the oldest
411
00:19:42,614 --> 00:19:45,250
known rural residences
for Muscovite royalty.
412
00:19:45,250 --> 00:19:48,253
So, like the Kremlin, its design
included storage rooms,
413
00:19:48,253 --> 00:19:51,623
secret passage ways, and
fortified underground chambers,
414
00:19:51,623 --> 00:19:54,092
which may have been used to hold
and interrogate prisoners.
415
00:19:54,593 --> 00:19:57,930
Ivan moved his base of
operations there in 1564,
416
00:19:57,930 --> 00:19:59,364
soon after his wife's death,
417
00:19:59,364 --> 00:20:01,800
and that's where he lived with
his thousands of Oprichniki.
418
00:20:04,269 --> 00:20:06,572
James Ellis: When Ivan moved
his court to Alexandrov,
419
00:20:06,572 --> 00:20:09,741
he made no indications of
ever wanting to return.
420
00:20:09,741 --> 00:20:12,244
He went with 4,000 sleighs
421
00:20:12,244 --> 00:20:14,246
that carried his
personal belongings.
422
00:20:14,246 --> 00:20:16,848
So it would be surprising
if his cherished library
423
00:20:16,848 --> 00:20:17,816
didn't accompany him.
424
00:20:20,085 --> 00:20:24,289
Amma Agbedor: Ivan did end up
moving back to Moscow in 1581,
425
00:20:24,289 --> 00:20:27,526
but searches of
Alexandrovskaya Sloboda
426
00:20:27,526 --> 00:20:30,963
have yielded no
trace of the library.
427
00:20:30,963 --> 00:20:34,900
And there's also no record of it
making the return journey.
428
00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:38,604
So, either it's still
somewhere in Alexandrov,
429
00:20:38,604 --> 00:20:42,407
or it was never brought
there in the first place.
430
00:20:45,477 --> 00:20:47,446
Narrator: It's been suggested
that one reason
431
00:20:47,446 --> 00:20:49,848
Ivan might not have brought
his library with him
432
00:20:49,848 --> 00:20:51,783
to Alexandrovskaya Sloboda,
433
00:20:51,783 --> 00:20:54,453
is that it was long gone
from the Kremlin by then.
434
00:20:56,321 --> 00:20:57,623
Alison Leonard: The books
from Constantinople
435
00:20:57,623 --> 00:21:00,459
could have burned to ashes
during the Moscow fire of 1547.
436
00:21:00,459 --> 00:21:03,128
In the mid-16th century,
Moscow was densely built,
437
00:21:03,128 --> 00:21:04,863
and most of its
structures were wooden.
438
00:21:04,863 --> 00:21:08,267
Fires were frequent,
but this one was exceptional.
439
00:21:08,267 --> 00:21:12,371
♪♪
(fire roaring)
440
00:21:12,371 --> 00:21:15,073
Amma Agbedor: The fire
broke out during a windstorm
441
00:21:15,073 --> 00:21:17,576
and the high winds
fanned the flames.
442
00:21:17,576 --> 00:21:20,412
Powerful blasts from
stockpiles of gunpowder
443
00:21:20,412 --> 00:21:24,216
that were being kept in the city
only added to the inferno.
444
00:21:24,216 --> 00:21:27,886
A third of Moscow's buildings
were destroyed
445
00:21:27,886 --> 00:21:29,721
and thousands of people died.
446
00:21:31,923 --> 00:21:33,759
James Ellis: As for the Kremlin,
the Tsar's rooms,
447
00:21:33,759 --> 00:21:36,728
the treasury, ancient scrolls,
precious swords,
448
00:21:36,728 --> 00:21:39,898
and all kinds of other
treasures were obliterated.
449
00:21:39,898 --> 00:21:43,035
So if Ivan's library was
anywhere above ground,
450
00:21:43,035 --> 00:21:45,671
it could have been destroyed
like everything else.
451
00:21:49,007 --> 00:21:50,876
Alison Leonard: It's certainly
possible that the library
452
00:21:50,876 --> 00:21:52,210
perished in the fire.
453
00:21:52,210 --> 00:21:54,146
But there's no mention
in any records of Ivan
454
00:21:54,146 --> 00:21:55,914
suffering such a great loss.
455
00:21:55,914 --> 00:21:58,183
So, while it's hard to
disprove that theory,
456
00:21:58,183 --> 00:21:59,551
there isn't any
existing evidence
457
00:21:59,551 --> 00:22:01,019
that supports it, either.
458
00:22:03,655 --> 00:22:07,392
Narrator: Ivan the Terrible, the
first Tsar of all the Russias,
459
00:22:07,392 --> 00:22:11,363
took the truth about his
precious library to his grave.
460
00:22:13,565 --> 00:22:14,866
James Ellis: About three
years after moving back
461
00:22:14,866 --> 00:22:17,436
to the Kremlin,
Ivan suffered a stroke
462
00:22:17,436 --> 00:22:19,438
and died while playing
a game of chess.
463
00:22:20,472 --> 00:22:22,774
His library was lost to history,
464
00:22:22,774 --> 00:22:24,609
and as he'd killed
his son and heir,
465
00:22:24,609 --> 00:22:27,079
his family line didn't
long outlive him.
466
00:22:31,416 --> 00:22:32,684
Alison Leonard: There are still
plenty of places
467
00:22:32,684 --> 00:22:35,687
Ivan's library might be -
the town of Sergiyev Posad,
468
00:22:35,687 --> 00:22:38,824
the settlement of Dyakovo,
along the Moscow River...
469
00:22:38,824 --> 00:22:41,727
or even the unexplored passages
beneath the Kremlin.
470
00:22:42,327 --> 00:22:43,829
But who knows?
471
00:22:45,964 --> 00:22:48,633
Narrator: If the library
Ivan the Terrible kept hidden
472
00:22:48,633 --> 00:22:51,603
and protected all his life
is ever found,
473
00:22:51,603 --> 00:22:53,972
it will be the only
positive legacy
474
00:22:53,972 --> 00:22:56,541
of his cruel and unhappy life.
475
00:22:56,541 --> 00:22:58,777
A gift of poetry and knowledge,
476
00:22:58,777 --> 00:23:01,380
preserved by a
twisted sociopath,
477
00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:04,116
returned to benefit humanity.
478
00:23:04,116 --> 00:23:09,821
♪♪
479
00:23:11,757 --> 00:23:11,890
♪♪
480
00:23:11,890 --> 00:23:20,966
♪♪
481
00:23:20,966 --> 00:23:22,667
Narrator: In July 1907,
482
00:23:22,667 --> 00:23:25,270
a shadow fell over
Dublin Castle,
483
00:23:25,270 --> 00:23:27,639
the seat of British
power in Ireland.
484
00:23:29,441 --> 00:23:32,811
Arthur Vicars, the dedicated
Ulster King of Arms,
485
00:23:32,811 --> 00:23:36,314
was the man trusted to guard
Ireland's most prized symbols
486
00:23:36,314 --> 00:23:39,518
of British power,
the illustrious regalia
487
00:23:39,518 --> 00:23:41,653
of the Order of St. Patrick,
488
00:23:41,653 --> 00:23:45,490
famously known
as the Irish Crown Jewels.
489
00:23:46,892 --> 00:23:49,728
But suddenly, this
trust was shattered.
490
00:23:53,031 --> 00:23:55,767
Alison Leonard: The Irish Crown
Jewels, crafted in 1831
491
00:23:55,767 --> 00:23:59,171
from 394 precious stones,
including diamonds and emeralds
492
00:23:59,171 --> 00:24:00,405
from Queen Charlotte's
collection,
493
00:24:00,405 --> 00:24:02,340
were more than just
displays of wealth.
494
00:24:02,340 --> 00:24:04,709
They embodied British
authority in Ireland,
495
00:24:04,709 --> 00:24:07,646
underscoring the Crown's
dominance with rare gems,
496
00:24:07,646 --> 00:24:10,015
such as a rose diamond
gifted by the Sultan of Turkey,
497
00:24:10,015 --> 00:24:12,417
and jewels from the
Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam.
498
00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:16,521
James Ellis:
Security at Bedford Tower,
499
00:24:16,521 --> 00:24:17,789
where the jewels were housed,
500
00:24:17,789 --> 00:24:20,025
was thought to be
nearly impregnable.
501
00:24:20,025 --> 00:24:22,761
Arthur Vicars held
two keys to the safe,
502
00:24:22,761 --> 00:24:26,765
one he kept on a chain,
and the other hidden at home.
503
00:24:26,765 --> 00:24:29,935
Meanwhile, seven other staff
members held keys
504
00:24:29,935 --> 00:24:31,503
to the Office of Arms.
505
00:24:31,503 --> 00:24:34,606
But in the months
leading up to July 1907,
506
00:24:34,606 --> 00:24:37,943
repeated warnings about
lax security were ignored.
507
00:24:40,912 --> 00:24:42,214
Anthea Nardi: The jewels,
worth an estimated
508
00:24:42,214 --> 00:24:44,649
$5.5 million US dollars today,
509
00:24:44,649 --> 00:24:47,752
were last seen on June 11, 1907.
510
00:24:47,752 --> 00:24:50,755
On July 6, the very morning
they were to be used
511
00:24:50,755 --> 00:24:53,091
in a knighting ceremony
for Lord Castletown
512
00:24:53,091 --> 00:24:55,060
during King Edward VII's visit.
513
00:24:55,060 --> 00:24:58,330
Vicars' staff discovered the
safe had been tampered with
514
00:24:58,330 --> 00:24:59,831
and the jewels were gone.
515
00:25:03,101 --> 00:25:05,470
So how did someone breach
such a secure location
516
00:25:05,470 --> 00:25:06,905
without leaving a trace,
517
00:25:06,905 --> 00:25:09,040
and where did
the crown jewels go?
518
00:25:11,510 --> 00:25:13,078
Narrator:
The Irish Crown Jewels,
519
00:25:13,078 --> 00:25:17,482
comprising a jewel-encrusted
star, badge, and collars,
520
00:25:17,482 --> 00:25:20,585
held significant historical
and political value.
521
00:25:21,786 --> 00:25:25,023
Their placement in Dublin Castle
set the stage for a scandal
522
00:25:25,023 --> 00:25:27,726
that would unravel
Arthur Vicars' life.
523
00:25:31,930 --> 00:25:33,665
Adam Bunch: Originally, the
jewels were often stored
524
00:25:33,665 --> 00:25:35,901
at the West and Son Jewelers,
525
00:25:35,901 --> 00:25:37,903
who were known for
their tight security.
526
00:25:37,903 --> 00:25:40,872
So when they were moved
to Dublin Castle in 1903,
527
00:25:40,872 --> 00:25:43,608
security actually
became more lax,
528
00:25:43,608 --> 00:25:46,678
with more points of access
and much less oversight.
529
00:25:48,747 --> 00:25:50,515
Alison Leonard: Vicars had
proposed securing the jewels
530
00:25:50,515 --> 00:25:52,083
in a newly constructed
strongroom
531
00:25:52,083 --> 00:25:53,585
within Bedford Tower.
532
00:25:53,585 --> 00:25:55,353
But a miscalculation
prevented the safe
533
00:25:55,353 --> 00:25:56,855
from fitting through
the doorway,
534
00:25:56,855 --> 00:25:59,558
so it was placed in the
library outside the strongroom,
535
00:25:59,558 --> 00:26:01,226
a waiting room with
multiple entry points
536
00:26:01,226 --> 00:26:02,694
and visible to passing visitors.
537
00:26:05,063 --> 00:26:07,465
James Ellis: In 1905,
Vicars himself drafted
538
00:26:07,465 --> 00:26:09,467
new office statutes requiring
539
00:26:09,467 --> 00:26:11,636
that the jewels be kept
in a strongroom.
540
00:26:11,636 --> 00:26:13,872
But despite his
meticulous nature,
541
00:26:13,872 --> 00:26:16,841
he never followed through
on relocating them.
542
00:26:16,841 --> 00:26:20,812
This oversight, combined with
the steady flow of visitors
543
00:26:20,812 --> 00:26:23,682
and Vicars' occasional
mishandling of keys,
544
00:26:23,682 --> 00:26:26,918
created the perfect storm
for a security breach.
545
00:26:28,787 --> 00:26:30,422
Anthea Nardi: Vicars had a
reputation for casually
546
00:26:30,422 --> 00:26:32,157
showing off the
regalia to visitors,
547
00:26:32,157 --> 00:26:34,926
a habit that had raised
security concerns.
548
00:26:35,894 --> 00:26:38,196
By late June, he had already
misplaced a key
549
00:26:38,196 --> 00:26:41,666
and was relying more heavily
on staff and security guards,
550
00:26:41,666 --> 00:26:44,469
who noticed lapses
like unlocked doors,
551
00:26:44,469 --> 00:26:46,771
all red flags that went ignored.
552
00:26:48,306 --> 00:26:52,143
Narrator: Whispers of negligence
grew into murmurs of suspicion,
553
00:26:52,143 --> 00:26:55,747
hinting that the theft was
more than just oversight.
554
00:26:56,781 --> 00:26:59,551
Adam Bunch: The Office of Arms
was fertile ground
555
00:26:59,551 --> 00:27:01,419
for an inside job.
556
00:27:01,419 --> 00:27:03,321
Vicars was responsible
for the jewels,
557
00:27:03,321 --> 00:27:05,757
but was negligent in his duty.
558
00:27:05,757 --> 00:27:09,494
He let his staff and others
have easy access to the keys,
559
00:27:09,494 --> 00:27:12,464
and oversaw a culture
of complacency.
560
00:27:12,464 --> 00:27:15,000
He even threw parties
in the library.
561
00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:18,737
Suspicion soon extended
to his inner circle,
562
00:27:18,737 --> 00:27:21,539
including Francis Shackleton,
563
00:27:21,539 --> 00:27:23,675
who knew the castle's layout,
inside and out.
564
00:27:25,777 --> 00:27:27,078
Alison Leonard: Francis
Shackleton, the brother of
565
00:27:27,078 --> 00:27:29,414
famous Antarctic explorer
Ernest Shackleton,
566
00:27:29,414 --> 00:27:30,915
was a man of contradictions.
567
00:27:30,915 --> 00:27:32,751
On the surface, he moved
effortlessly through
568
00:27:32,751 --> 00:27:34,486
elite circles in
Dublin and London,
569
00:27:34,486 --> 00:27:37,922
even holding a prestigious post
as Dublin's herald of arms.
570
00:27:37,922 --> 00:27:40,225
But beneath his charm,
Shackleton struggled
571
00:27:40,225 --> 00:27:42,560
with escalating debts
and a lavish lifestyle
572
00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:43,795
he could barely afford.
573
00:27:45,664 --> 00:27:47,332
James Ellis: Shackleton
was close to Vicars,
574
00:27:47,332 --> 00:27:50,669
sharing lodgings with him,
which granted him easy access
575
00:27:50,669 --> 00:27:54,739
to both the Office of Arms
and the keys to the safe.
576
00:27:54,739 --> 00:27:57,108
And for those who knew of
his financial problems,
577
00:27:57,108 --> 00:28:00,245
the idea that he might have
orchestrated a theft
578
00:28:00,245 --> 00:28:03,214
out of necessity,
seemed all too plausible.
579
00:28:05,216 --> 00:28:08,186
Narrator: Shackleton's circle
included even more complex
580
00:28:08,186 --> 00:28:11,189
and enigmatic figures,
whose own troubled pasts
581
00:28:11,189 --> 00:28:14,192
and audacious personalities
would only deepen
582
00:28:14,192 --> 00:28:15,960
the mystery of the heist.
583
00:28:17,996 --> 00:28:19,631
Anthea Nardi: One of
Shackleton's closest associates
584
00:28:19,631 --> 00:28:21,232
was Captain Richard Gorges,
585
00:28:21,232 --> 00:28:24,369
a military officer
with a bad reputation.
586
00:28:25,070 --> 00:28:27,839
He too was intimately
familiar with Dublin Castle,
587
00:28:27,839 --> 00:28:30,742
and given his checkered history,
he was the kind of man
588
00:28:30,742 --> 00:28:33,044
who could play a role in a
high-stakes operation.
589
00:28:35,013 --> 00:28:37,782
Adam Bunch: One of the leading
theories is that Gorges,
590
00:28:37,782 --> 00:28:40,051
who knew the castle's
layout well,
591
00:28:40,051 --> 00:28:43,421
and Shackleton, who might have
had access to the safe,
592
00:28:43,421 --> 00:28:45,757
teamed up on a plan together.
593
00:28:45,757 --> 00:28:48,159
Some reports claim they might
have even gotten Vicars
594
00:28:48,159 --> 00:28:52,063
drunk enough to pass out so
they could copy his key
595
00:28:52,063 --> 00:28:54,299
and slip in and out undetected.
596
00:28:56,267 --> 00:28:57,569
Alison Leonard: When the
Dublin Metropolitan Police
597
00:28:57,569 --> 00:28:59,938
investigated, they
found no forced entry,
598
00:28:59,938 --> 00:29:02,574
or any marks on the locks
that would suggest tampering.
599
00:29:03,174 --> 00:29:05,443
This could mean that the safe
had been opened with
600
00:29:05,443 --> 00:29:08,980
copied keys, with the originals,
or by professionals.
601
00:29:11,149 --> 00:29:13,418
James Ellis: Inspector
John Kane of Scotland Yard,
602
00:29:13,418 --> 00:29:14,953
who was called in
to investigate,
603
00:29:14,953 --> 00:29:18,723
quickly became convinced
of an internal conspiracy.
604
00:29:18,723 --> 00:29:21,192
But Kane's report was
abruptly dismissed,
605
00:29:21,192 --> 00:29:24,496
and he was mysteriously
recalled to London.
606
00:29:24,496 --> 00:29:26,598
This sparked rumors
of a cover-up,
607
00:29:26,598 --> 00:29:30,769
suggesting that certain powerful
interests had something to hide.
608
00:29:30,769 --> 00:29:33,238
But no proof that the theft
was perpetrated
609
00:29:33,238 --> 00:29:36,841
by someone inside the castle
walls ever surfaced.
610
00:29:39,511 --> 00:29:42,580
Narrator: In a country poised on
the edge of political upheaval,
611
00:29:42,580 --> 00:29:46,317
some believed the disappearance
held a more profound,
612
00:29:46,317 --> 00:29:47,752
symbolic meaning.
613
00:29:49,254 --> 00:29:51,122
Anthea Nardi: The theft may
have been a strategic move
614
00:29:51,122 --> 00:29:53,158
to humiliate British authority,
615
00:29:53,158 --> 00:29:55,860
a bold statement signaling
the rising strength
616
00:29:55,860 --> 00:29:57,929
of Irish independence groups.
617
00:29:57,929 --> 00:30:00,999
At the time, nationalist
sentiment was intensifying,
618
00:30:00,999 --> 00:30:03,835
and an act like this would have
struck a powerful chord
619
00:30:03,835 --> 00:30:06,004
with a population calling
for independence.
620
00:30:09,207 --> 00:30:11,442
Adam Bunch: The jewels
were a famous symbol
621
00:30:11,442 --> 00:30:12,677
of the British Crown,
622
00:30:12,677 --> 00:30:16,648
so they were also an obvious
target for Irish nationalists
623
00:30:16,648 --> 00:30:18,917
who wanted to
challenge British rule.
624
00:30:18,917 --> 00:30:21,753
Stealing them would
be an act of defiance,
625
00:30:21,753 --> 00:30:24,923
a powerfully symbolic gesture
meant to undermine
626
00:30:24,923 --> 00:30:26,891
British authority in Ireland.
627
00:30:28,293 --> 00:30:30,829
Narrator: With acts targeting
symbols of British power
628
00:30:30,829 --> 00:30:34,065
on the rise, nationalist
groups grew bolder
629
00:30:34,065 --> 00:30:36,100
in their challenge to the
Crown's dominance
630
00:30:36,100 --> 00:30:39,504
and the theft of the jewels
fit this pattern perfectly.
631
00:30:41,072 --> 00:30:42,207
Alison Leonard: Nationalist
movements were adept
632
00:30:42,207 --> 00:30:44,142
at wielding symbolism
for propaganda.
633
00:30:44,142 --> 00:30:45,844
If they orchestrated the heist,
634
00:30:45,844 --> 00:30:47,779
it was likely not
for monetary gain,
635
00:30:47,779 --> 00:30:49,547
but for the statement it made.
636
00:30:49,547 --> 00:30:51,583
The disappearance of the jewels
played into the narrative
637
00:30:51,583 --> 00:30:55,019
of British weakness, amplifying
the cause of Irish independence.
638
00:30:57,155 --> 00:31:00,191
James Ellis: This has all the
markings of a covert operation
639
00:31:00,191 --> 00:31:03,394
that prized secrecy
over recognition.
640
00:31:03,394 --> 00:31:07,098
If the heist was linked to the
Irish Independence movement,
641
00:31:07,098 --> 00:31:11,169
the jewels were likely hidden
away as a nationalist trophy,
642
00:31:11,169 --> 00:31:13,371
never intended to resurface.
643
00:31:15,440 --> 00:31:17,342
Anthea Nardi: Though this theory
fueled Irish independence
644
00:31:17,342 --> 00:31:21,679
fervor, no concrete evidence or
claims of responsibility
645
00:31:21,679 --> 00:31:22,847
ever emerged.
646
00:31:23,648 --> 00:31:25,149
Narrator: For some observers,
647
00:31:25,149 --> 00:31:28,286
the silence surrounding the
heist hints at motives
648
00:31:28,286 --> 00:31:30,922
that go beyond
political defiance.
649
00:31:32,457 --> 00:31:35,393
Adam Bunch: The jewels were
worth millions in today's money.
650
00:31:35,393 --> 00:31:38,663
So it's possible they were also
just stolen for the money,
651
00:31:38,663 --> 00:31:43,201
to be sold into the shadowy
world of European black markets,
652
00:31:43,201 --> 00:31:47,105
operating in big trading hubs
like Antwerp and Amsterdam,
653
00:31:47,105 --> 00:31:49,407
that would have been easy
to reach from Dublin.
654
00:31:51,209 --> 00:31:53,211
Alison Leonard: If broken
down into individual stones,
655
00:31:53,211 --> 00:31:55,280
it would have effectively
erased their origin
656
00:31:55,280 --> 00:31:56,581
and the jewels could
have easily vanished
657
00:31:56,581 --> 00:31:57,949
into Europe's bustling markets,
658
00:31:57,949 --> 00:31:59,884
leaving no trace of them behind.
659
00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,055
James Ellis: The meticulous
nature of the heist
660
00:32:04,055 --> 00:32:07,125
suggests this was no ordinary
smash-and-grab.
661
00:32:07,125 --> 00:32:10,461
The operation bore the marks
of seasoned professionals,
662
00:32:10,461 --> 00:32:13,898
likely experienced in
handling valuable gems
663
00:32:13,898 --> 00:32:16,334
and with a knowledge of
how to sell them quietly.
664
00:32:19,771 --> 00:32:22,573
Among the suspects,
one name stands out:
665
00:32:22,573 --> 00:32:26,010
Francis Bennett-Goldney,
an antiquities enthusiast
666
00:32:26,010 --> 00:32:28,880
with deep ties to
European jewel markets
667
00:32:28,880 --> 00:32:31,449
and a reputation for ambition.
668
00:32:32,984 --> 00:32:34,686
Anthea Nardi: Bennett-Goldney
was a political figure
669
00:32:34,686 --> 00:32:37,789
and artifact collector,
who joined the Office of Arms
670
00:32:37,789 --> 00:32:39,791
just months before the theft.
671
00:32:39,791 --> 00:32:42,260
With known ties to
European jewel markets,
672
00:32:42,260 --> 00:32:44,629
he became the prime suspect
for those who believed
673
00:32:44,629 --> 00:32:46,264
the jewels were smuggled abroad.
674
00:32:50,401 --> 00:32:52,303
Adam Bunch: Bennett-Goldney
doesn't seem to have been
675
00:32:52,303 --> 00:32:54,238
in Ireland at the
time of the heist,
676
00:32:54,238 --> 00:32:57,041
but plenty of people have
wondered about his interest
677
00:32:57,041 --> 00:32:58,476
in rare artifacts,
678
00:32:58,476 --> 00:33:01,079
his connections to
international markets,
679
00:33:01,079 --> 00:33:04,215
and especially about the
fact that when he died,
680
00:33:04,215 --> 00:33:06,684
it turned out his house
was full of things
681
00:33:06,684 --> 00:33:08,686
he'd stolen during his lifetime,
682
00:33:08,686 --> 00:33:12,423
including famous paintings
and ancient documents.
683
00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:17,562
Alison Leonard: That fall, he
fit his car with an oversized
684
00:33:17,562 --> 00:33:20,231
gas tank for an extended
trip to Amsterdam,
685
00:33:20,231 --> 00:33:22,834
accompanied by none
other than J.P. Morgan,
686
00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:25,470
a financier with deep ties to
art and antiquities circles
687
00:33:25,470 --> 00:33:28,940
known for discreet and
sometimes shadowy acquisitions.
688
00:33:31,342 --> 00:33:34,178
James Ellis: Despite all the
circumstantial evidence,
689
00:33:34,178 --> 00:33:37,982
no clear financial trail or
witness testimony
690
00:33:37,982 --> 00:33:39,984
has ever surfaced to confirm
691
00:33:39,984 --> 00:33:41,619
that the jewels
were sold off in Europe.
692
00:33:43,488 --> 00:33:45,623
Narrator: Although there have
been extensive investigations
693
00:33:45,623 --> 00:33:49,260
and countless theories, the fate
of the Irish Crown Jewels
694
00:33:49,260 --> 00:33:52,163
remains an unsolved mystery.
695
00:33:53,765 --> 00:33:56,000
Anthea Nardi: The more we learn
about the cast of characters,
696
00:33:56,000 --> 00:33:58,870
Vicars, Shackleton,
Bennett-Goldney,
697
00:33:58,870 --> 00:34:01,305
the more elusive
the truth becomes.
698
00:34:01,305 --> 00:34:03,574
These weren't ordinary suspects;
699
00:34:03,574 --> 00:34:05,877
they were men with
powerful connections,
700
00:34:05,877 --> 00:34:08,312
bold ambitions,
and, in some cases,
701
00:34:08,312 --> 00:34:10,648
motives that could
explain the disappearance.
702
00:34:13,951 --> 00:34:16,654
Adam Bunch: Vicars was
ruined by the scandal.
703
00:34:16,654 --> 00:34:19,791
Forced out of his post, but he
professed his innocence
704
00:34:19,791 --> 00:34:24,162
until his dying days, claiming
he was just a scapegoat.
705
00:34:24,162 --> 00:34:27,999
His life came to a
bloody end in 1921,
706
00:34:27,999 --> 00:34:30,301
when he was killed by the IRA
707
00:34:30,301 --> 00:34:32,637
during the Irish
war of independence,
708
00:34:32,637 --> 00:34:36,541
a reminder of just how
intertwined his own life was
709
00:34:36,541 --> 00:34:39,177
with the political
tensions in Ireland.
710
00:34:43,314 --> 00:34:44,682
Narrator: Over a century later,
711
00:34:44,682 --> 00:34:47,785
the disappearance of the Irish
Crown Jewels continues
712
00:34:47,785 --> 00:34:51,489
to captivate historians and
regular citizens alike.
713
00:34:51,489 --> 00:34:54,392
The true story
remains lost to time,
714
00:34:54,392 --> 00:34:57,395
buried among rumors
and the silence of those
715
00:34:57,395 --> 00:35:00,098
who knew more than
they ever revealed.
716
00:35:03,835 --> 00:35:04,102
♪♪
717
00:35:04,102 --> 00:35:14,946
♪♪
718
00:35:14,946 --> 00:35:19,117
Narrator: In late 1941, as
Japan's forces invaded China,
719
00:35:19,117 --> 00:35:21,385
America struggled
to save and evacuate
720
00:35:21,385 --> 00:35:24,322
as many noncombatants
as possible.
721
00:35:24,322 --> 00:35:27,525
Among the evacuees,
were dozens of individuals
722
00:35:27,525 --> 00:35:31,262
who had been dead for
roughly 500,000 years.
723
00:35:32,230 --> 00:35:35,633
The prized fossils of
Sinanthropus pekinensis,
724
00:35:35,633 --> 00:35:37,101
Peking Man.
725
00:35:37,969 --> 00:35:39,704
♪♪
726
00:35:39,704 --> 00:35:41,305
Anthea Nardi: The Peking Man
fossils were discovered
727
00:35:41,305 --> 00:35:44,275
in the early 1920s near the
village of Zhoukoudian,
728
00:35:44,275 --> 00:35:46,377
30 miles southwest of Peking,
729
00:35:46,377 --> 00:35:48,646
which was what Beijing
was then known as,
730
00:35:48,646 --> 00:35:51,215
and they were believed to be
between 400,000
731
00:35:51,215 --> 00:35:53,618
and 780,000 years old.
732
00:35:55,753 --> 00:35:57,221
This was an important discovery,
733
00:35:57,221 --> 00:36:00,458
Peking Man was identified
as a new hominid species,
734
00:36:00,458 --> 00:36:02,593
and the hope was that the
remains could provide
735
00:36:02,593 --> 00:36:05,096
new information in
the study of human ancestry.
736
00:36:06,931 --> 00:36:10,067
Adam Bunch: They seem to have
had relatively big brains,
737
00:36:10,067 --> 00:36:13,271
a cranial capacity of
about 60 cubic inches,
738
00:36:13,271 --> 00:36:15,506
some almost 80 inches,
739
00:36:15,506 --> 00:36:18,676
which is getting close
to the size of modern humans.
740
00:36:18,676 --> 00:36:21,979
And there were ash deposits
at the Zhoudoukian site too,
741
00:36:21,979 --> 00:36:23,414
that some think that
might be evidence
742
00:36:23,414 --> 00:36:25,349
that Peking Man
could control fire.
743
00:36:28,452 --> 00:36:31,055
Amma Agbedor: The Americans knew
that the Peking Man fossils
744
00:36:31,055 --> 00:36:33,824
were of significant
scientific importance,
745
00:36:33,824 --> 00:36:37,061
so they devised a plan to
sneak them out of Peking,
746
00:36:37,061 --> 00:36:39,096
get them on a train,
747
00:36:39,096 --> 00:36:42,500
and then a transport
ship to New York,
748
00:36:42,500 --> 00:36:45,670
so they could be preserved
until the war ended.
749
00:36:46,637 --> 00:36:48,973
(war planes humming)
750
00:36:48,973 --> 00:36:51,676
A. Nardi: But then the attack
on Pearl Harbour happened.
751
00:36:51,676 --> 00:36:55,112
(war planes buzzing)
752
00:36:55,112 --> 00:37:00,551
(bombs exploding)
753
00:37:00,551 --> 00:37:03,487
Japan was on the offensive,
and American rescuers
754
00:37:03,487 --> 00:37:06,424
were now fighting to
save their own lives.
755
00:37:08,092 --> 00:37:09,527
Somewhere along the way,
756
00:37:09,527 --> 00:37:12,797
the crates containing the bones
of Peking Man disappeared.
757
00:37:12,797 --> 00:37:14,565
So where did they go?
758
00:37:16,334 --> 00:37:18,603
Adam Bunch: In November of 1941,
759
00:37:18,603 --> 00:37:21,305
some workers from "Peking
Union Medical College",
760
00:37:21,305 --> 00:37:23,107
which was owned
by the Americans,
761
00:37:23,107 --> 00:37:25,943
carefully prepared the
skulls to be moved.
762
00:37:25,943 --> 00:37:27,044
According to one account,
763
00:37:27,044 --> 00:37:29,614
they wrapped each
fossil in lens paper,
764
00:37:29,614 --> 00:37:32,250
soft enough to
wipe a microscope's lens,
765
00:37:32,250 --> 00:37:34,318
then placed them in small boxes,
766
00:37:34,318 --> 00:37:38,222
and loaded them into a
pair of big wooden crates.
767
00:37:40,024 --> 00:37:41,058
Anthea Nardi:
From the Medical College,
768
00:37:41,058 --> 00:37:43,027
the crates were to be driven
to the train station
769
00:37:43,027 --> 00:37:44,595
and loaded onto trains.
770
00:37:44,595 --> 00:37:47,732
Marines would accompany them
to the Port of Qinhuandao,
771
00:37:47,732 --> 00:37:51,068
then onto a transport ship,
the SS President Harrison,
772
00:37:51,068 --> 00:37:53,104
which would set
sail for America.
773
00:37:53,104 --> 00:37:56,974
But somewhere in this process,
the Peking Man fossils vanished.
774
00:37:58,109 --> 00:38:01,012
Narrator: There were no
verifiable eyewitness accounts
775
00:38:01,012 --> 00:38:02,980
or official records
of the crates
776
00:38:02,980 --> 00:38:05,383
being unloaded at Qinhuandao.
777
00:38:05,383 --> 00:38:08,252
Suspicions and conspiracy
theories were born
778
00:38:08,252 --> 00:38:10,288
that would swirl for decades.
779
00:38:11,889 --> 00:38:14,191
Adam Bunch: Some have wondered
whether the fossils
780
00:38:14,191 --> 00:38:16,360
might have been stolen
from the train.
781
00:38:16,961 --> 00:38:19,730
Years later, Marine guards said
that it had been stopped
782
00:38:19,730 --> 00:38:23,334
by Japanese soldiers who
ransacked the baggage,
783
00:38:23,334 --> 00:38:25,870
taking any valuables they found.
784
00:38:25,870 --> 00:38:28,506
And that has sparked
speculations that those soldiers
785
00:38:28,506 --> 00:38:30,641
might have taken
the crates themselves.
786
00:38:31,909 --> 00:38:34,312
Amma Agbedor: But the thing is,
these accounts are third
787
00:38:34,312 --> 00:38:37,815
or fourth-hand by now and
were never verified.
788
00:38:39,550 --> 00:38:41,752
Adam Bunch: Some people accused
the United States
789
00:38:41,752 --> 00:38:44,855
of stealing them, but that would
raise even more questions,
790
00:38:44,855 --> 00:38:47,325
like why would the
Americans offer to help
791
00:38:47,325 --> 00:38:49,493
only to steal them
for themselves,
792
00:38:49,493 --> 00:38:51,829
given that they'd have
to keep them secret?
793
00:38:51,829 --> 00:38:54,465
So they would never be able to
put them on display in a museum,
794
00:38:54,465 --> 00:38:57,501
or publish any scientific
papers about them.
795
00:38:57,501 --> 00:39:00,971
So it's not entirely clear what
they'd have to gain from it.
796
00:39:02,940 --> 00:39:05,509
Narrator: One of the few things
all parties knew with certainty
797
00:39:05,509 --> 00:39:08,546
was that after the train
arrived at Quinhuandao,
798
00:39:08,546 --> 00:39:12,516
the crates did not get loaded
onto the SS President Harrison,
799
00:39:12,516 --> 00:39:15,720
as planned, because
the ship never arrived.
800
00:39:17,321 --> 00:39:19,156
Amma Agbedor: The
Harrison had been steaming north
801
00:39:19,156 --> 00:39:22,693
from Manila with a crew of 154,
802
00:39:22,693 --> 00:39:25,930
with orders to proceed to
Quinhuandao,
803
00:39:25,930 --> 00:39:27,698
to bring out the marines,
804
00:39:27,698 --> 00:39:29,734
and the two crates with them.
805
00:39:29,734 --> 00:39:32,570
En route, the ship's captain
was seeing
806
00:39:32,570 --> 00:39:35,539
large numbers of
Japanese vessels,
807
00:39:35,539 --> 00:39:38,809
but America hadn't officially
entered the war,
808
00:39:38,809 --> 00:39:42,446
so the Harrison wasn't
in any clear danger.
809
00:39:43,180 --> 00:39:45,049
And then in the
middle of the night,
810
00:39:45,049 --> 00:39:47,351
the captain received word,
811
00:39:47,351 --> 00:39:51,355
'Pearl Harbor had
just been attacked.'
812
00:39:53,190 --> 00:39:56,160
Anthea Nardi: Suddenly,
America was at war with Japan,
813
00:39:56,160 --> 00:39:58,596
and at dawn, the
Harrison was spotted.
814
00:39:58,596 --> 00:40:01,799
Japanese destroyers
approached but didn't fire.
815
00:40:01,799 --> 00:40:04,235
So it was clear to the captain
that the Japanese
816
00:40:04,235 --> 00:40:06,103
wanted to take
the Harrison intact.
817
00:40:06,103 --> 00:40:07,905
He couldn't let that happen,
818
00:40:07,905 --> 00:40:11,475
so he ran the Harrison at full
speed for the nearest land mass
819
00:40:11,475 --> 00:40:14,345
and intentionally drove it over
the island's rocky edge,
820
00:40:14,345 --> 00:40:16,480
tearing a 90-foot
gash in the hull.
821
00:40:19,817 --> 00:40:21,118
Narrator:
Even though the Harrison
822
00:40:21,118 --> 00:40:22,686
never picked up the crates,
823
00:40:22,686 --> 00:40:25,656
some have said the search for
the Peking Man fossils
824
00:40:25,656 --> 00:40:29,660
shouldn't continue on land,
but rather under the ocean.
825
00:40:31,495 --> 00:40:34,432
Amma Agbedor: If the crates
did make it to Qinhuandao,
826
00:40:34,432 --> 00:40:37,201
they could have been loaded
onto any one of several
827
00:40:37,201 --> 00:40:38,702
Japanese transport ships,
828
00:40:38,702 --> 00:40:41,739
carrying goods
and people to Japan.
829
00:40:42,673 --> 00:40:46,110
Several of those transports
were sunk by the allies,
830
00:40:46,110 --> 00:40:48,012
sometimes mistakenly.
831
00:40:48,012 --> 00:40:51,682
So did the fossils go down
on one of those ships?
832
00:40:54,952 --> 00:40:58,022
Adam Bunch: The wreck of one
transport ship, the Awa Maru,
833
00:40:58,022 --> 00:41:00,191
was found in the 1970s.
834
00:41:00,191 --> 00:41:03,527
There were rumors that it
carried a fortune in diamonds
835
00:41:03,527 --> 00:41:05,596
and gold and other treasures,
836
00:41:05,596 --> 00:41:08,632
so there was a huge
effort to explore it.
837
00:41:09,567 --> 00:41:11,635
In the end, they didn't
find any treasure,
838
00:41:11,635 --> 00:41:14,705
just personal effects and
some of the crew's remains.
839
00:41:15,372 --> 00:41:17,441
And there was no trace
of the two crates
840
00:41:17,441 --> 00:41:19,610
of Peking Man fossils either.
841
00:41:19,610 --> 00:41:23,013
But there are lots of other
Second World War-era wrecks
842
00:41:23,013 --> 00:41:25,616
that haven't been searched,
so it's possible
843
00:41:25,616 --> 00:41:27,518
the crates could
still be down there
844
00:41:27,518 --> 00:41:29,086
on the sea floor somewhere.
845
00:41:31,055 --> 00:41:33,123
Anthea Nardi: Another
possibility is that the Japanese
846
00:41:33,123 --> 00:41:35,726
loaded the crates onto
one of the transport ships
847
00:41:35,726 --> 00:41:39,096
that were not torpedoed and
successfully made it to Japan.
848
00:41:40,865 --> 00:41:42,600
But no hard evidence
has surfaced
849
00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:44,401
that would support this theory.
850
00:41:44,401 --> 00:41:47,137
Searches by the Japanese
and Americans in Japan
851
00:41:47,137 --> 00:41:48,973
have yielded nothing.
852
00:41:48,973 --> 00:41:52,676
♪♪
853
00:41:55,145 --> 00:41:58,048
Narrator: In 2010, close to
seven decades after
854
00:41:58,048 --> 00:42:00,718
Peking Man's fossils
had last been seen,
855
00:42:00,718 --> 00:42:03,053
one of the most
credible leads yet
856
00:42:03,053 --> 00:42:05,089
came from a former Marine.
857
00:42:06,857 --> 00:42:09,193
Anthea Nardi: This Marine had
been stationed at Camp Holcomb,
858
00:42:09,193 --> 00:42:11,996
in Qinhuandao, with one of
the last American units
859
00:42:11,996 --> 00:42:14,231
to be evacuated during
the civil war
860
00:42:14,231 --> 00:42:18,602
between China's Nationalist and
Communist parties in 1947,
861
00:42:18,602 --> 00:42:20,037
about five and half years
862
00:42:20,037 --> 00:42:23,107
after the Peking Man
fossils had gone missing.
863
00:42:23,107 --> 00:42:25,409
The unit was pinned down in
heavy crossfire
864
00:42:25,409 --> 00:42:27,511
between the two sides,
and by nightfall,
865
00:42:27,511 --> 00:42:29,747
the men had to dig
foxholes for protection.
866
00:42:32,016 --> 00:42:34,952
Amma Agbedor: While digging,
they hit a wooden box,
867
00:42:34,952 --> 00:42:38,822
which turned out to have bones
in it, and understandably,
868
00:42:38,822 --> 00:42:41,992
they were startled,
so they reburied it.
869
00:42:41,992 --> 00:42:45,596
But decades later,
the Marine told his son
870
00:42:45,596 --> 00:42:48,732
about the incident, who then
contacted a researcher
871
00:42:48,732 --> 00:42:51,769
who'd been searching
for the fossils for years,
872
00:42:51,769 --> 00:42:53,938
and relayed his father's story.
873
00:42:57,675 --> 00:42:59,777
Adam Bunch: The location
matched another account
874
00:42:59,777 --> 00:43:01,845
from two other Marines, who said
875
00:43:01,845 --> 00:43:05,049
they'd unloaded the crates from
the train at Qinhuandao
876
00:43:05,049 --> 00:43:10,054
and delivered them to Camp
Holcomb on December 4th, 1941.
877
00:43:10,054 --> 00:43:13,824
So just days before Pearl Harbor
and the United States
878
00:43:13,824 --> 00:43:15,693
officially entering the war.
879
00:43:18,629 --> 00:43:20,130
Anthea Nardi: It's plausible
that in the chaos
880
00:43:20,130 --> 00:43:23,667
of the evacuation, the officer
responsible for the fossils
881
00:43:23,667 --> 00:43:25,903
decided to bury them
in their crates,
882
00:43:25,903 --> 00:43:29,006
as the best short-term way to
hide them from the Japanese,
883
00:43:29,006 --> 00:43:32,276
and that later nobody
who knew about the fossils
884
00:43:32,276 --> 00:43:35,312
and where they'd been buried had
survived to tell about it.
885
00:43:37,848 --> 00:43:39,617
Narrator: In November of 2010,
886
00:43:39,617 --> 00:43:42,119
following the guidance
of the retired Marine,
887
00:43:42,119 --> 00:43:44,989
university researchers
visited the site
888
00:43:44,989 --> 00:43:48,626
where the Peking Man fossils may
have been buried and found
889
00:43:48,626 --> 00:43:51,695
that it was covered by
warehouses and a parking lot.
890
00:43:53,397 --> 00:43:56,033
Amma Agbedor: The local Cultural
Heritage Office was alerted
891
00:43:56,033 --> 00:43:58,969
and agreed to monitor any
further redevelopment
892
00:43:58,969 --> 00:44:02,706
of the area, and for any signs
of those wooden crates.
893
00:44:03,407 --> 00:44:07,378
And as of now, the mystery of
the missing Peking Man's fossils
894
00:44:07,378 --> 00:44:09,346
remains unsolved.
895
00:44:12,883 --> 00:44:15,052
Narrator: Before the bones
were put into the crates
896
00:44:15,052 --> 00:44:17,221
at the Peking Union
Medical College,
897
00:44:17,221 --> 00:44:20,758
an employee had the foresight
to make detailed casts
898
00:44:20,758 --> 00:44:22,760
of the most important
specimens,
899
00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:25,996
so researchers have
had those to study.
900
00:44:26,430 --> 00:44:28,632
Parts of the Zhoukoudian site
901
00:44:28,632 --> 00:44:30,834
are yet to be thoroughly
excavated,
902
00:44:30,834 --> 00:44:34,304
so there's a chance more skulls
may be found.
903
00:44:34,304 --> 00:44:36,640
One way or another, Peking Man
904
00:44:36,640 --> 00:44:39,376
may yet raise his head again.
905
00:44:40,544 --> 00:44:44,114
♪♪
108277
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.