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Na
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Narr
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Narrat
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Narrator
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Narrator:
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Narrator: A
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Narrator: A le
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Narrator: A lege
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Narrator: A legend
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Narrator: A legendar
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Narrator: A legendary
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Narrator: A legendary
Ja
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Narrator: A legendary
Japa
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Narrator: A legendary
Japane
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese s
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese sam
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese samur
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese samurai
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese samurai s
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese samurai swo
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Narrator: A legendary
Japanese samurai sword
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disappears amidst the chaos
of World War II.
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Anthea Nardi: The Honjo Masamune
embodied Japan's feudal past
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and the enduring
legacy of the samurai.
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James Ellis: Police handed
the Honjo Masamune
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to a soldier from the Foreign
Liquidations Commission in 1946.
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Could this soldier have
unknowingly taken
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one of Japan's
greatest treasures?
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Narrator: The sarcophagus
of an Egyptian pharaoh
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goes missing en route
to London from Egypt.
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Alison Leonard: The 18th and
19th centuries saw a surge
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in plunder as countless
artifacts were shipped
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to Europe on vulnerable vessels.
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Amma Agbedor: So what happened
to the Menkaure sarcophagus?
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Narrator: The exquisite
collection of infamous
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Faberge eggs
mysteriously disappear.
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James Ellis: These eggs
reflected the vast wealth,
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power, and ultimately,
the corruption and excess
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that fueled the discontent
leading to the
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1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
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Adam Bunch: So what happened
to those lost Faberge eggs?
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♪ (show theme music) ♪
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Narrator: The chain of history
has many missing links.
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Prominent people.
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Priceless treasures.
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Extraordinary artifacts.
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Their locations still unknown...
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Lost to the fog of time.
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What happens when
stories of the past
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become
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Vanished History.
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♪♪
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Narrator: In 1837,
the quiet sands of Giza, Egypt
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witness an excavation
that would leave a mark
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on the annals of archaeology.
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Colonel Richard Howard Vyse,
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a British army officer
turned explorer,
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embarked on an expedition
across the Giza Plateau,
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aiming to unlock
the secrets of the pyramids,
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including the smallest
of them all -
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the Pyramid of Menkaure.
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James Ellis: In the
19th century, a wave
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of archaeological obsession
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drew wealthy explorers to
Egypt's ancient monuments.
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Vyse, in particular, was
convinced that the pyramids
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held far more hidden chambers
than anyone had yet discovered,
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especially within the
enigmatic Pyramid of Menkaure.
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Alison Leonard: Menkaure,
the grandson of Khufu
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and son of Khafre,
had built the Third Pyramid
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to complete his family's legacy.
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Though smaller than
his ancestors'
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monumental structures,
it did stand apart.
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Its base encased in
dark, rich granite,
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it was a stark contrast
to the gleaming white limestone
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of his forefathers' tombs.
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Adam Bunch:
Vyse noticed a big channel
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carved into the pyramid.
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Deep, but not deep enough
to get inside.
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So, to reach what he called
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the sepulchral chamber,
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his team made the wildly
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contentious decision to use
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gunpowder and dynamite
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to blow their way in.
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Even back then,
some of his colleagues were
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00:03:03,816 --> 00:03:05,752
absolutely outraged.
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Amma Agbedor: After months
of blasting and digging,
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Vyse reached the burial chamber,
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and what he found there
would become
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one of archaeology's
greatest mysteries.
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A large, basalt sarcophagus
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that would eventually disappear
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when the ship it was supposedly
on, named the Beatrice,
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vanished into the depths
of the Mediterranean Sea.
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So what happened to the Beatrice
and the Menkaure sarcophagus?
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Narrator: Colonel Vyse later
described the sarcophagus
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in meticulous detail.
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It was about eight feet long,
made of polished basalt,
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00:03:45,825 --> 00:03:48,595
and covered in intricate
carvings in the classic
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'palace-façade motif' of
Old Kingdom architecture.
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00:03:53,466 --> 00:03:56,202
James Ellis: But despite its
grandeur, when Vyse found it,
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the sarcophagus was
completely empty;
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00:03:58,671 --> 00:04:01,441
the lid was shattered,
with pieces scattered
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00:04:01,441 --> 00:04:03,376
all over the chamber floor.
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00:04:03,376 --> 00:04:05,645
Arabic graffiti
covered the walls,
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suggesting others had
entered long before.
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Alison Leonard: The discovery
was groundbreaking nonetheless.
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00:04:12,752 --> 00:04:14,954
Vyse noted the sarcophagus
seemed to be sawn
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00:04:14,954 --> 00:04:18,558
with 'some sharp substance,'
possibly emery powder,
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00:04:18,558 --> 00:04:21,294
a technique he thought the
Romans discovered much later.
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00:04:23,696 --> 00:04:25,798
And although it wasn't
inscribed with hieroglyphs,
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Vyse did feel hopeful that
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00:04:27,700 --> 00:04:30,403
the sarcophagus belonged to
the Pharaoh Menkaure himself.
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Narrator: Vyse made the
controversial decision
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00:04:34,774 --> 00:04:36,276
to remove the sarcophagus
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and send it to the
British Museum in London,
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claiming it would have
been destroyed
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00:04:40,613 --> 00:04:42,482
had it remained in the pyramid.
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00:04:44,250 --> 00:04:46,586
Adam Bunch: The export of
Egyptian antiquities
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00:04:46,586 --> 00:04:49,622
to Western institutions
like the British Museum,
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00:04:49,622 --> 00:04:51,991
had surged since the
French surrender
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00:04:51,991 --> 00:04:54,761
at Alexandria back in 1802.
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And Vyse was very much part
of that colonial approach,
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00:04:58,698 --> 00:05:02,669
focused on taking precious
artifacts out of the country,
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00:05:02,669 --> 00:05:04,504
instead of preserving
them in the place
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00:05:04,504 --> 00:05:06,572
where all that history happened.
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00:05:06,572 --> 00:05:09,309
And that seems to have led to
complex negotiations
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00:05:09,309 --> 00:05:12,045
with the museum's
keeper of antiquities,
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00:05:12,045 --> 00:05:14,580
who was eager to keep
adding to their collection.
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00:05:16,649 --> 00:05:18,985
Amma Agbedor: Following
weeks of grueling effort
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00:05:18,985 --> 00:05:22,088
using a combination of
levers, wheeled trucks,
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00:05:22,088 --> 00:05:23,723
and sheer muscle power,
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00:05:23,723 --> 00:05:27,126
the sarcophagus was finally
brought into daylight
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00:05:27,126 --> 00:05:31,631
for the first time
in over 4,300 years.
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00:05:33,166 --> 00:05:36,302
It was then transported
over 140 miles
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00:05:36,302 --> 00:05:39,272
across the desert
to the port of Alexandria
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00:05:39,272 --> 00:05:41,674
and loaded onto the Beatrice,
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00:05:41,674 --> 00:05:46,279
which set sail
in the autumn of 1838,
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00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:47,947
bound for Liverpool.
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00:05:48,715 --> 00:05:50,316
James Ellis: According
to the Lloyd's List,
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00:05:50,316 --> 00:05:52,485
one of the oldest and
most detailed sources
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00:05:52,485 --> 00:05:55,321
on British merchant vessels
from the 19th century,
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00:05:55,321 --> 00:05:58,858
the Beatrice left Alexandria
on September 20th,
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00:05:58,858 --> 00:06:02,929
with around 200 boxes of other
precious Egyptian artifacts,
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00:06:02,929 --> 00:06:06,332
including pink granite
sphinxes and gold pieces.
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00:06:07,633 --> 00:06:09,435
Alison Leonard: Her Captain,
Richard Mayle Wichelo,
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00:06:09,435 --> 00:06:11,637
had exclusively sailed
the Beatrice for years.
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00:06:11,637 --> 00:06:13,740
By her final voyage,
she was rated
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00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:15,908
'second description
of the first class',
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00:06:15,908 --> 00:06:18,344
well-equipped and reinforced
with copper sheathing
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00:06:18,344 --> 00:06:20,646
and iron supports to
strengthen her deck,
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which makes her disappearance
all the more confounding.
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Narrator: The Beatrice was
last recorded in Malta
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00:06:27,353 --> 00:06:29,422
on October 13th or 14th,
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00:06:29,422 --> 00:06:32,325
before disappearing off the
coast of southern Spain.
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What happened next
remains a mystery,
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raising questions
about her cargo
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00:06:38,598 --> 00:06:40,933
and the dangers
it might have posed.
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Adam Bunch:
The evidence suggests
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00:06:42,702 --> 00:06:44,804
the Beatrice was seaworthy,
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00:06:44,804 --> 00:06:47,173
but it might not have
been designed to carry
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such a heavy, irregular load.
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If it wasn't loaded properly,
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something the sarcophagus could
have seriously compromised
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the ship's stability.
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And if it shifted
during the voyage,
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maybe that would have
spelled disaster.
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Amma Agbedor: The last
official record of the ship
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00:07:04,390 --> 00:07:07,627
is from Malta, but according
to Vyse's accounts,
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the Beatrice was last heard from
in Livorno, northern Italy.
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And if that's true, then
historical shipping patterns
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00:07:16,636 --> 00:07:19,005
would indicate that the Beatrice
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would have followed a
southwesterly route
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from Livorno toward Gibraltar.
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James Ellis: If the Beatrice
encountered a storm
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near the coast,
the Captain may have ordered
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00:07:30,483 --> 00:07:33,986
a sharp turn south
to steer clear of danger,
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00:07:33,986 --> 00:07:37,356
a maneuver that might have
worked under normal conditions.
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But the abrupt shift
of the heavy sarcophagus,
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could have easily caused
the ship to capsize.
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Narrator: While capsizing
is certainly a possibility,
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00:07:47,333 --> 00:07:49,602
a closer look at the
bureaucratic maneuvers
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00:07:49,602 --> 00:07:52,605
of the time, reveals
a more mundane theory.
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Alison Leonard: It's possible
that the sarcophagus
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00:07:55,641 --> 00:07:57,443
was never on the
Beatrice to begin with,
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or that it was simply lost.
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Research shows inconsistencies
in the records,
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00:08:01,881 --> 00:08:04,016
suggesting a bureaucratic
blunder may have occurred.
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Shoddily kept manifests could
mean it was listed as cargo
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00:08:07,487 --> 00:08:09,255
but never actually
loaded onto the ship.
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♪♪
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Adam Bunch: Taking a
sarcophagus out of Egypt
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00:08:14,994 --> 00:08:17,530
could be a very
complicated process,
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00:08:17,530 --> 00:08:19,532
with officials from
the British Museum
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00:08:19,532 --> 00:08:22,635
and Egypt's consular
network getting involved.
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00:08:22,635 --> 00:08:25,605
And the collectors who are
rushing to get their hands
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00:08:25,605 --> 00:08:27,874
on the treasure,
didn't always worry about
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00:08:27,874 --> 00:08:30,643
leaving behind
a proper paper trail.
200
00:08:30,643 --> 00:08:33,446
So it's not too hard to
believe the sarcophagus
201
00:08:33,446 --> 00:08:35,081
could have been
misplaced somewhere,
202
00:08:35,081 --> 00:08:38,484
or even left behind
in a web of red tape.
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00:08:39,785 --> 00:08:42,522
Amma Agbedor: With such a
complicated chain of custody,
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00:08:42,522 --> 00:08:45,992
errors and miscommunications
were common,
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00:08:45,992 --> 00:08:49,095
which may have led to the
sarcophagus disappearing
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00:08:49,095 --> 00:08:51,130
into the fog of history.
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00:08:51,130 --> 00:08:52,865
If that's the case,
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00:08:52,865 --> 00:08:56,135
it could still be hidden away in
a forgotten storage room
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00:08:56,135 --> 00:08:59,972
or even resting in an
undocumented private collection.
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00:09:01,974 --> 00:09:03,876
Narrator: But some
historians suggest
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00:09:03,876 --> 00:09:07,146
the disorganization may have
concealed a darker motive.
212
00:09:08,948 --> 00:09:11,617
James Ellis: The mysterious
circumstances of the shipwreck
213
00:09:11,617 --> 00:09:14,987
that supposedly claimed
Menkaure's sarcophagus,
214
00:09:14,987 --> 00:09:17,523
have fueled speculation
that it may have been
215
00:09:17,523 --> 00:09:19,959
a cover for an illegal sale.
216
00:09:19,959 --> 00:09:23,062
It's possible that the
disappearance might have been
217
00:09:23,062 --> 00:09:26,265
orchestrated to mask
a secret transaction,
218
00:09:26,265 --> 00:09:30,136
given the demand for rare and
valuable artifacts at the time.
219
00:09:31,971 --> 00:09:33,906
Alison Leonard: The 18th and
19th centuries marked an era
220
00:09:33,906 --> 00:09:36,576
of relentless smuggling,
and saw a surge in plunder
221
00:09:36,576 --> 00:09:38,277
as countless artifacts
were shipped to Europe
222
00:09:38,277 --> 00:09:40,046
on vulnerable vessels.
223
00:09:40,846 --> 00:09:43,082
One such ship, the HMS Colossus,
224
00:09:43,082 --> 00:09:45,051
wrecked in 1798
225
00:09:45,051 --> 00:09:47,954
carrying Sir William Hamilton's
priceless Greek vases.
226
00:09:47,954 --> 00:09:50,222
They now sit shattered
in the British Museum.
227
00:09:52,058 --> 00:09:54,093
Adam Bunch: Records show
the Beatrice stayed in port
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00:09:54,093 --> 00:09:57,029
much longer than usual,
which could be a hint
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00:09:57,029 --> 00:09:59,465
that there's a possibility
of some backroom deals,
230
00:09:59,465 --> 00:10:02,401
and Captain Whitlow
didn't sail with the ship
231
00:10:02,401 --> 00:10:03,936
on its final voyage.
232
00:10:04,604 --> 00:10:06,839
Instead, his son
John took command,
233
00:10:06,839 --> 00:10:09,308
while Whitlow stayed behind
in Alexandria
234
00:10:09,308 --> 00:10:11,043
for some unknown reason,
235
00:10:11,043 --> 00:10:13,746
which has also raised
a few eyebrows.
236
00:10:14,747 --> 00:10:16,549
Narrator: Most archaeologists
believe the wreck
237
00:10:16,549 --> 00:10:18,317
of the Beatrice can be found,
238
00:10:18,317 --> 00:10:21,621
but a coordinated search
remains mired in bureaucracy,
239
00:10:21,621 --> 00:10:23,789
requiring cooperation
and approval
240
00:10:23,789 --> 00:10:25,424
from the Spanish government.
241
00:10:26,392 --> 00:10:28,995
Amma Agbedor: If the sarcophagus
is indeed at the bottom
242
00:10:28,995 --> 00:10:33,265
of the sea, it could still be
remarkably well-preserved,
243
00:10:33,265 --> 00:10:36,802
since basalt is far less
vulnerable to seawater,
244
00:10:36,802 --> 00:10:39,639
than other materials
like limestone.
245
00:10:41,707 --> 00:10:43,943
James Ellis: Luckily, the
Beatrice wasn't the only ship
246
00:10:43,943 --> 00:10:46,879
carrying artifacts;
the lid from the sarcophagus
247
00:10:46,879 --> 00:10:49,915
and other items were sent
on a separate ship
248
00:10:49,915 --> 00:10:52,351
that safely arrived
at its destination.
249
00:10:53,519 --> 00:10:55,254
Alison Leonard: If we could
find Menkaure's sarcophagus,
250
00:10:55,254 --> 00:10:58,057
it would be like opening a time
capsule from the Old Kingdom,
251
00:10:58,057 --> 00:10:59,825
offering invaluable
insights into
252
00:10:59,825 --> 00:11:02,662
ancient Egyptian craftsmanship
and burial practices.
253
00:11:03,829 --> 00:11:05,931
Narrator: Pharaoh Menkaure's
sarcophagus endured
254
00:11:05,931 --> 00:11:09,001
millennia in the desert,
the threats of tomb robbers,
255
00:11:09,001 --> 00:11:12,605
and the dynamite blasts of
19th-century explorers,
256
00:11:12,605 --> 00:11:15,641
only to disappear
without a trace.
257
00:11:15,641 --> 00:11:18,811
Yet, the search continues,
driven by the hope
258
00:11:18,811 --> 00:11:22,148
that this ancient treasure
may still be found.
259
00:11:23,582 --> 00:11:23,749
♪♪
260
00:11:23,749 --> 00:11:32,224
♪♪
261
00:11:32,224 --> 00:11:34,927
Narrator: Emerging in the 10th
century as regional soldiers
262
00:11:34,927 --> 00:11:36,929
who served local chieftains,
263
00:11:36,929 --> 00:11:40,466
Japan's Samurai evolved
into a class of nobility
264
00:11:40,466 --> 00:11:43,903
that shaped the country's
history for hundreds of years.
265
00:11:43,903 --> 00:11:45,805
Synonymous with these
storied warriors
266
00:11:45,805 --> 00:11:48,874
was their weapon of choice
- the Samurai sword.
267
00:11:51,744 --> 00:11:53,345
The Honjo Masamune,
268
00:11:53,345 --> 00:11:56,716
the most legendary Samurai sword
in Japanese history,
269
00:11:56,716 --> 00:11:58,884
was far more than just a weapon,
270
00:11:58,884 --> 00:12:01,954
it was the ultimate symbol
of power and authority.
271
00:12:03,255 --> 00:12:06,459
Created by the masterful
Goro Nyudo Masamune
272
00:12:06,459 --> 00:12:07,960
in the 13th century,
273
00:12:07,960 --> 00:12:10,062
this iconic weapon
came to represent
274
00:12:10,062 --> 00:12:13,332
the unstoppable might of
the Tokugawa shogunate.
275
00:12:13,332 --> 00:12:16,469
♪♪
276
00:12:16,469 --> 00:12:20,039
James Ellis: The blade had
30,000 layers of steel,
277
00:12:20,039 --> 00:12:23,209
balanced between strength
and razor-sharp precision.
278
00:12:23,209 --> 00:12:26,746
The spine was durable,
while the edge was so thin
279
00:12:26,746 --> 00:12:29,515
it's said to have been
atoms thick.
280
00:12:29,515 --> 00:12:32,084
This masterpiece
remains unmatched
281
00:12:32,084 --> 00:12:34,420
in craftsmanship and power.
282
00:12:35,921 --> 00:12:37,490
Alison Leonard:
For over 700 years,
283
00:12:37,490 --> 00:12:40,693
the Honjo Masamune was passed
down through Japan's elite,
284
00:12:40,693 --> 00:12:43,229
becoming a symbol of
dominance and might.
285
00:12:43,229 --> 00:12:46,132
It was wielded by high-ranking
nobles as a mark of prestige,
286
00:12:46,132 --> 00:12:49,235
and ultimately found its way
to the legendary warlord
287
00:12:49,235 --> 00:12:52,138
Tokugawa Ieyasu, who would
go on to shape the course
288
00:12:52,138 --> 00:12:54,473
of Japan's history as the
founder of the last shogunate.
289
00:12:56,509 --> 00:12:59,612
Anthea Nardi: The Honjo Masamune
wasn't merely a weapon;
290
00:12:59,612 --> 00:13:01,847
it embodied Japan's feudal past
291
00:13:01,847 --> 00:13:04,083
and the enduring legacy
of the samurai.
292
00:13:04,083 --> 00:13:07,319
By 1939, it was designated
a National Treasure,
293
00:13:07,319 --> 00:13:11,023
and revered as an emblem of
honor, loyalty and strength.
294
00:13:12,458 --> 00:13:14,760
Adam Bunch: By the end of the
Second World War,
295
00:13:14,760 --> 00:13:18,330
nearly 2 million Japanese
soldiers carried swords
296
00:13:18,330 --> 00:13:21,734
as a powerful symbol
of a warrior tradition
297
00:13:21,734 --> 00:13:23,569
that spanned centuries.
298
00:13:23,569 --> 00:13:27,306
But with Japan's surrender
and the allied occupation,
299
00:13:27,306 --> 00:13:29,975
Supreme Allied Commander
General MacArthur
300
00:13:29,975 --> 00:13:33,846
ordered every single sword
from mass produced blades
301
00:13:33,846 --> 00:13:36,982
to priceless heirlooms
to be handed over.
302
00:13:36,982 --> 00:13:40,419
In the process, the
Honjo Masamune disappeared.
303
00:13:40,419 --> 00:13:43,255
And ever since, people have
been trying to figure out
304
00:13:43,255 --> 00:13:44,223
what happened to it.
305
00:13:46,125 --> 00:13:48,627
Narrator: Japan's defeat was
followed by a cultural
306
00:13:48,627 --> 00:13:50,329
and military disarmament.
307
00:13:50,329 --> 00:13:52,698
The Allied occupation
under MacArthur
308
00:13:52,698 --> 00:13:55,000
aimed to reshape Japan,
309
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:58,103
dismantling symbols of
its feudal warrior culture.
310
00:13:59,371 --> 00:14:00,973
Alison Leonard:
By confiscating swords,
311
00:14:00,973 --> 00:14:02,608
they weren't just
removing weapons;
312
00:14:02,608 --> 00:14:05,678
they were stripping away
centuries of samurai tradition,
313
00:14:05,678 --> 00:14:07,513
symbolically reinforcing
Japan's shift
314
00:14:07,513 --> 00:14:08,981
from a militaristic empire
315
00:14:08,981 --> 00:14:11,350
to a peaceful,
democratic society.
316
00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:14,320
It was a powerful statement,
signaling the end of an era.
317
00:14:16,288 --> 00:14:18,524
Anthea Nardi: Over three million
swords were confiscated
318
00:14:18,524 --> 00:14:22,862
in the process, many destined
to be buried or melted down.
319
00:14:22,862 --> 00:14:25,364
Japanese families tried
to protect their swords,
320
00:14:25,364 --> 00:14:28,033
but thousands of priceless
treasures were lost.
321
00:14:29,134 --> 00:14:30,502
Adam Bunch:
For many people in Japan,
322
00:14:30,502 --> 00:14:33,405
the sword hat wasn't just
about a loss of weapons,
323
00:14:33,405 --> 00:14:36,575
but the erasure of a
centuries old tradition.
324
00:14:36,575 --> 00:14:39,612
It was a devastating loss
for the Japanese people,
325
00:14:39,612 --> 00:14:41,647
whose swords weren't
just weapons,
326
00:14:41,647 --> 00:14:45,451
but treasured family heirlooms
passed down through generations
327
00:14:45,451 --> 00:14:48,888
and deeply rooted in
history and tradition.
328
00:14:50,322 --> 00:14:52,791
James Ellis: In December 1945,
the Honjo Masamune's
329
00:14:52,791 --> 00:14:55,294
last known owner,
Tokugawa Iemasa,
330
00:14:55,294 --> 00:14:57,930
a descendant of the shoguns,
obeyed the law
331
00:14:57,930 --> 00:15:00,633
and handed over the family's
treasured swords
332
00:15:00,633 --> 00:15:02,601
to the Mejiro police station.
333
00:15:02,601 --> 00:15:04,970
And then, without a trace,
334
00:15:04,970 --> 00:15:07,139
the Honjo Masamune disappeared.
335
00:15:09,942 --> 00:15:12,077
Narrator: In the turmoil
of post-war Japan,
336
00:15:12,077 --> 00:15:15,481
countless swords met violent
ends, stoking the belief
337
00:15:15,481 --> 00:15:18,517
that the Honjo Masamune
may have been one of them.
338
00:15:20,586 --> 00:15:23,188
James Ellis: The Allies'
post-war demilitarization
339
00:15:23,188 --> 00:15:27,326
of Japan was swift,
decisive and indiscriminate.
340
00:15:27,326 --> 00:15:31,030
Across the Pacific, surrender
ceremonies were organized,
341
00:15:31,030 --> 00:15:33,999
where Japanese soldiers
handed over their swords
342
00:15:33,999 --> 00:15:36,235
to the Foreign
Liquidation Commission.
343
00:15:36,235 --> 00:15:39,371
It's entirely possible
that the Honjo Masamune
344
00:15:39,371 --> 00:15:42,074
was tragically destroyed
during this process.
345
00:15:43,242 --> 00:15:44,810
Alison Leonard: Swords were
seized and piled high
346
00:15:44,810 --> 00:15:46,879
in warehouses, many
destined to be buried,
347
00:15:46,879 --> 00:15:49,281
dumped at sea or
melted down for scrap.
348
00:15:49,281 --> 00:15:52,651
Thousands of them ended up at
the U.S. 8th Army Weapons Depot
349
00:15:52,651 --> 00:15:54,520
in Akabane, Tokyo.
350
00:15:55,421 --> 00:15:58,724
As word of the destruction
spread, influential collectors,
351
00:15:58,724 --> 00:16:00,960
museum curators,
and cultural figures
352
00:16:00,960 --> 00:16:02,995
urgently raised concerns
to MacArthur,
353
00:16:02,995 --> 00:16:05,464
explaining this was more than
just disarmament,
354
00:16:05,464 --> 00:16:08,100
it was an assault
on Japan's cultural identity.
355
00:16:09,702 --> 00:16:12,171
Adam Bunch: There was a meeting
between Dr. G. Hong Lim,
356
00:16:12,171 --> 00:16:13,605
an expert in swords,
357
00:16:13,605 --> 00:16:17,543
and Colonel Victor Cadwell
of the US Eighth Army,
358
00:16:17,543 --> 00:16:20,312
the person in charge
of weapons collection.
359
00:16:20,312 --> 00:16:23,115
Dr. Honma explained that
many of these swords,
360
00:16:23,115 --> 00:16:26,218
like the Honjo Masamune,
weren't just weapons,
361
00:16:26,218 --> 00:16:28,754
but ancient works of art.
362
00:16:28,754 --> 00:16:32,691
That they were cultural
treasures significant to Japan
363
00:16:32,691 --> 00:16:33,892
in many of the same ways
364
00:16:33,892 --> 00:16:36,228
cathedrals are significant
to the West.
365
00:16:37,563 --> 00:16:39,198
Anthea Nardi: Cadwell was
ultimately convinced
366
00:16:39,198 --> 00:16:40,632
that they should be preserved,
367
00:16:40,632 --> 00:16:43,535
and he began efforts to save
Japan's cultural swords
368
00:16:43,535 --> 00:16:46,271
by differentiating them
from wartime weapons.
369
00:16:47,373 --> 00:16:50,009
Narrator: Although MacArthur
eventually rescinded the edict,
370
00:16:50,009 --> 00:16:51,410
the damage was done.
371
00:16:51,410 --> 00:16:54,179
Countless swords had
been lost or destroyed,
372
00:16:54,179 --> 00:16:56,482
and five irreplaceable blades,
373
00:16:56,482 --> 00:16:59,251
officially registered
as national treasures,
374
00:16:59,251 --> 00:17:01,253
had already vanished.
375
00:17:01,954 --> 00:17:03,589
Anthea Nardi:
The Honjo Masamune's absence
376
00:17:03,589 --> 00:17:06,191
from the records raises
the grim possibility
377
00:17:06,191 --> 00:17:09,395
that this priceless treasure
was lost or destroyed,
378
00:17:09,395 --> 00:17:12,231
before its significance
was fully understood.
379
00:17:12,231 --> 00:17:14,266
But given the dedicated
efforts to preserve
380
00:17:14,266 --> 00:17:16,101
Japan's National Treasures,
381
00:17:16,101 --> 00:17:18,737
it's hard to believe
such an iconic sword
382
00:17:18,737 --> 00:17:20,072
could have been overlooked.
383
00:17:21,640 --> 00:17:23,709
Narrator: Despite the
widespread destruction,
384
00:17:23,709 --> 00:17:26,445
no evidence has confirmed
that the Honjo Masamune
385
00:17:26,445 --> 00:17:29,915
was destroyed, or that
it ever reached Akabane,
386
00:17:29,915 --> 00:17:31,784
leaving open the possibility
387
00:17:31,784 --> 00:17:33,218
that it slipped
through the cracks
388
00:17:33,218 --> 00:17:35,754
or into more mysterious hands.
389
00:17:37,556 --> 00:17:41,126
James Ellis: In 1966,
a mysterious figure surfaced,
390
00:17:41,126 --> 00:17:43,796
Sergeant C.I. Bimore.
391
00:17:43,796 --> 00:17:45,931
According to an
article in SAGA,
392
00:17:45,931 --> 00:17:47,566
an British mystery magazine,
393
00:17:47,566 --> 00:17:50,769
Mejiro police handed the
Honjo Masamune
394
00:17:50,769 --> 00:17:53,372
to a soldier named Coldy Bimore
395
00:17:53,372 --> 00:17:56,508
from the Foreign Liquidations
Commission in 1946.
396
00:17:57,409 --> 00:17:59,578
Could this soldier
have unknowingly taken
397
00:17:59,578 --> 00:18:01,713
one of Japan's
greatest treasures?
398
00:18:02,948 --> 00:18:05,050
Alison Leonard: Some elements
of the SAGA story align with
399
00:18:05,050 --> 00:18:07,152
what we know:
the 7th U.S. Cavalry
400
00:18:07,152 --> 00:18:09,188
was stationed
in Tokyo at that time,
401
00:18:09,188 --> 00:18:11,657
conducting patrols to inventory
and dispose of weapons,
402
00:18:11,657 --> 00:18:13,125
including swords.
403
00:18:13,125 --> 00:18:15,260
But if Bimore acquired
the Honjo Masamune,
404
00:18:15,260 --> 00:18:17,696
why has no trace of
it been found since?
405
00:18:19,765 --> 00:18:22,367
Anthea Nardi: It's possible
Bimore took the Honjo Masamune
406
00:18:22,367 --> 00:18:24,503
without realizing
its significance.
407
00:18:24,503 --> 00:18:27,005
But the real mystery lies
in the fact that
408
00:18:27,005 --> 00:18:29,842
there is no official record
of a C.I. Bimore
409
00:18:29,842 --> 00:18:31,543
in U.S. Military Archives.
410
00:18:32,744 --> 00:18:35,314
Adam Bunch: Frustratingly, it
seems the American military
411
00:18:35,314 --> 00:18:38,484
records that would have
listed him weren't retained.
412
00:18:38,484 --> 00:18:40,452
So it's hard to
trace the story.
413
00:18:40,452 --> 00:18:44,256
Japanese records do
suggest that a Coldy Bimore
414
00:18:44,256 --> 00:18:45,757
did collect the sword,
415
00:18:45,757 --> 00:18:49,161
but all police documentation
from that period was lost.
416
00:18:49,161 --> 00:18:53,398
And the name itself is
likely a mistranslation.
417
00:18:53,398 --> 00:18:55,834
Theoretically, it could
even be an alias.
418
00:18:55,834 --> 00:18:59,004
So the trail of C.I. Bimore
419
00:18:59,004 --> 00:19:01,406
quickly goes cold entirely,
420
00:19:01,406 --> 00:19:03,242
leaving us with nothing more
421
00:19:03,242 --> 00:19:05,177
than hopeful speculation.
422
00:19:06,678 --> 00:19:08,647
Narrator: Although it may
just be wishful thinking,
423
00:19:08,647 --> 00:19:12,417
the belief that the Honjo
Masamune still exists endures,
424
00:19:12,417 --> 00:19:15,053
along with the
tantalizing possibility
425
00:19:15,053 --> 00:19:17,523
that this legendary sword
is still out there,
426
00:19:17,523 --> 00:19:21,760
its true worth yet to be
realized by its current owner.
427
00:19:23,395 --> 00:19:25,898
Anthea Nardi: After the war,
countless priceless artifacts,
428
00:19:25,898 --> 00:19:27,366
including swords,
were taken home
429
00:19:27,366 --> 00:19:29,601
by U.S. soldiers as souvenirs.
430
00:19:29,601 --> 00:19:32,704
Those assigned to weapons
depots like Akabane
431
00:19:32,704 --> 00:19:35,274
likely recognized the
quality of certain swords,
432
00:19:35,274 --> 00:19:37,309
if not the significance.
433
00:19:37,309 --> 00:19:39,778
So it's possible that
the Honjo Masamune
434
00:19:39,778 --> 00:19:43,482
ended up tucked away in an attic
or garage somewhere in the U.S.,
435
00:19:43,482 --> 00:19:46,185
a priceless treasure
left to collect dust.
436
00:19:49,087 --> 00:19:50,889
Adam Bunch: The allied
occupation of Japan
437
00:19:50,889 --> 00:19:53,425
lasted until 1952.
438
00:19:53,425 --> 00:19:55,561
Millions of Japanese swords
439
00:19:55,561 --> 00:19:58,197
were confiscated
during that time.
440
00:19:58,197 --> 00:20:00,165
More than seven tons of them
441
00:20:00,165 --> 00:20:02,000
taken to the United States,
442
00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:03,936
many as trophies of war
443
00:20:03,936 --> 00:20:05,604
to be kept in
private collections.
444
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:09,141
James Ellis: The influx of
swords into America
445
00:20:09,141 --> 00:20:10,576
was like a tidal wave.
446
00:20:10,576 --> 00:20:13,579
For the few who truly
understood the craftsmanship
447
00:20:13,579 --> 00:20:17,382
behind these blades,
it was a golden opportunity.
448
00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:20,319
Dealers uncovered historically
significant swords
449
00:20:20,319 --> 00:20:22,487
hidden among the
confiscated weapons,
450
00:20:22,487 --> 00:20:24,556
now scattered across the U.S.,
451
00:20:24,556 --> 00:20:28,260
and it's possible the Honjo
Masamune was one of them.
452
00:20:30,262 --> 00:20:32,231
Adam Bunch: Some historically
significant swords
453
00:20:32,231 --> 00:20:36,335
have resurfaced in
unlikely places.
454
00:20:36,335 --> 00:20:40,172
An American collector
stumbled across another one
455
00:20:40,172 --> 00:20:41,773
of the national treasure swords
456
00:20:41,773 --> 00:20:43,842
that disappeared at the
end of the war.
457
00:20:43,842 --> 00:20:47,012
This one was by another
famous swordsman: Kunimune.
458
00:20:47,012 --> 00:20:52,017
It had been bought at
a military junk sale for $10!
459
00:20:52,017 --> 00:20:54,086
And after he realized
what it was,
460
00:20:54,086 --> 00:20:57,322
he returned it to Japan in 1963.
461
00:20:57,322 --> 00:21:01,260
So, if it could go
unnoticed for so long,
462
00:21:01,260 --> 00:21:03,362
it's possible that
someone in the U.S.
463
00:21:03,362 --> 00:21:05,530
has the Honjo Masamune
464
00:21:05,530 --> 00:21:07,599
and just doesn't realize it.
465
00:21:08,567 --> 00:21:09,801
Narrator: Since World War II,
466
00:21:09,801 --> 00:21:12,638
thousands of Japanese swords
have been returned,
467
00:21:12,638 --> 00:21:15,240
including the Shimazu Masamune,
468
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:18,310
a treasure missing
for over 150 years
469
00:21:18,310 --> 00:21:21,346
that was rediscovered in 2014.
470
00:21:21,346 --> 00:21:24,549
Although no credible trace
of the Honjo Masamune
471
00:21:24,549 --> 00:21:28,754
has surfaced, the return of
other artifacts keeps hope alive
472
00:21:28,754 --> 00:21:32,524
that this legendary sword
may one day reappear.
473
00:21:33,125 --> 00:21:34,760
James Ellis:
Most Japanese sword smiths
474
00:21:34,760 --> 00:21:38,163
etched their signatures into
the hilt of their blades,
475
00:21:38,163 --> 00:21:40,399
making them easier to identify.
476
00:21:40,399 --> 00:21:43,568
But Masamune rarely
signed his work,
477
00:21:43,568 --> 00:21:45,637
which makes
authenticating his swords
478
00:21:45,637 --> 00:21:48,573
incredibly difficult,
but not impossible.
479
00:21:50,909 --> 00:21:52,611
Alison Leonard:
The Honjo Masamune is unlike
480
00:21:52,611 --> 00:21:56,181
any other sword, it has
distinct, irrefutable features,
481
00:21:56,181 --> 00:21:58,216
like its signature
wave-like hamon.
482
00:21:58,216 --> 00:22:01,420
If it ever surfaces, we could
verify it almost immediately
483
00:22:01,420 --> 00:22:03,021
using detailed drawings created
484
00:22:03,021 --> 00:22:05,590
when it was declared a
National Treasure in 1939.
485
00:22:07,693 --> 00:22:10,562
James Ellis: The Honjo Masamune
isn't just a missing artifact,
486
00:22:10,562 --> 00:22:13,065
it's a piece of
Japan's identity.
487
00:22:13,065 --> 00:22:16,568
Finding it would mean reclaiming
a lost piece of history
488
00:22:16,568 --> 00:22:19,805
and restoring a symbol of
the nation's heritage.
489
00:22:21,606 --> 00:22:24,042
Narrator: Whether lost
to the vagaries of time,
490
00:22:24,042 --> 00:22:26,044
hidden in a private collection,
491
00:22:26,044 --> 00:22:28,647
or destroyed in
the chaos of war,
492
00:22:28,647 --> 00:22:32,150
the Honjo Masamune remains
one of Japanese history's
493
00:22:32,150 --> 00:22:33,852
greatest puzzles.
494
00:22:33,852 --> 00:22:35,287
Its fate is unknown,
495
00:22:35,287 --> 00:22:37,255
but its legend endures.
496
00:22:37,255 --> 00:22:39,858
♪♪
497
00:22:41,159 --> 00:22:41,360
♪♪
498
00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:50,035
♪♪
499
00:22:50,035 --> 00:22:51,503
Narrator:
For over three centuries,
500
00:22:51,503 --> 00:22:54,539
the Romanovs ruled Russia
with an iron grip,
501
00:22:54,539 --> 00:22:56,675
a dynasty steeped in grandeur,
502
00:22:56,675 --> 00:22:59,244
opulence, and deadly secrets.
503
00:22:59,244 --> 00:23:00,979
At the heart of
their vast wealth
504
00:23:00,979 --> 00:23:04,549
were the legendary
Fabergé Imperial Easter eggs,
505
00:23:04,549 --> 00:23:07,386
commissioned from the
world-renowned jeweler
506
00:23:07,386 --> 00:23:09,421
Peter Carl Fabergé.
507
00:23:10,822 --> 00:23:12,124
Alison Leonard: The Romanovs'
tradition of gifting
508
00:23:12,124 --> 00:23:16,328
imperial Easter eggs began with
Czar Alexander III in 1885,
509
00:23:16,328 --> 00:23:18,563
just four years into his reign.
510
00:23:18,563 --> 00:23:21,733
Seeking an extraordinary gift
for his wife Maria Feodorovna,
511
00:23:21,733 --> 00:23:25,036
he turned to master goldsmith
Peter Carl Fabergé.
512
00:23:25,871 --> 00:23:28,640
What he received was far
beyond an ordinary jewel,
513
00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:30,642
it was the now-famous Hen Egg,
514
00:23:30,642 --> 00:23:32,377
a deceptively simple white egg
515
00:23:32,377 --> 00:23:34,546
that opened to reveal a
golden yolk,
516
00:23:34,546 --> 00:23:37,015
a miniature hen,
and hidden treasures within.
517
00:23:38,116 --> 00:23:40,051
Anthea Nardi: What began as a
carefully planned gift
518
00:23:40,051 --> 00:23:43,688
from Alexander III, soon became
an annual showcase
519
00:23:43,688 --> 00:23:46,725
of Fabergé's
imagination and artistry.
520
00:23:46,725 --> 00:23:49,828
While the first eggs followed
the Tsar's specifications,
521
00:23:49,828 --> 00:23:52,464
Fabergé was eventually
given free rein
522
00:23:52,464 --> 00:23:54,299
to create masterpieces.
523
00:23:54,299 --> 00:23:56,568
Each egg became
more than a gift,
524
00:23:56,568 --> 00:23:58,136
it was a hidden
world of wonders,
525
00:23:58,136 --> 00:23:59,871
reflecting the
extravagant tastes
526
00:23:59,871 --> 00:24:02,107
and personal lives of
Russia's Royal family.
527
00:24:03,675 --> 00:24:05,310
James Ellis: Over time,
these eggs became
528
00:24:05,310 --> 00:24:07,579
more than symbols of
personal devotion,
529
00:24:07,579 --> 00:24:10,315
they reflected the
vast wealth, power,
530
00:24:10,315 --> 00:24:12,517
and ultimately, the
corruption and excess
531
00:24:12,517 --> 00:24:14,686
that fueled the discontent
leading to
532
00:24:14,686 --> 00:24:17,589
the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
533
00:24:17,589 --> 00:24:20,025
And one year later,
the assassination
534
00:24:20,025 --> 00:24:21,593
of the Romanov family.
535
00:24:22,594 --> 00:24:24,563
Adam Bunch: 50 eggs were crafted
536
00:24:24,563 --> 00:24:26,097
for the Imperial Family between
537
00:24:26,097 --> 00:24:28,867
1885 and 1917,
538
00:24:28,867 --> 00:24:31,770
each more extravagant
than the last.
539
00:24:31,770 --> 00:24:34,906
Seven of the masterpieces
vanished after the chaos
540
00:24:34,906 --> 00:24:39,311
of the revolution, and their
whereabouts are still unknown.
541
00:24:39,311 --> 00:24:42,647
So what happened to
those lost Fabergé eggs?
542
00:24:45,150 --> 00:24:46,551
Narrator: The story of Fabergé
543
00:24:46,551 --> 00:24:48,620
and his exquisite,
bejeweled eggs
544
00:24:48,620 --> 00:24:51,756
is one of beauty caught
in the path of revolution.
545
00:24:51,756 --> 00:24:54,793
As Russia transformed in 1917,
546
00:24:54,793 --> 00:24:57,896
toppling the monarchy and
descending into turmoil,
547
00:24:57,896 --> 00:25:02,033
Carl Fabergé's creations were
scattered across the world.
548
00:25:02,033 --> 00:25:04,903
In a nation on the brink
of irrevocable change,
549
00:25:04,903 --> 00:25:09,207
even its greatest artistry
was overshadowed by chaos.
550
00:25:10,375 --> 00:25:13,712
A. Nardi: By 1917, a revolution
was nearly unavoidable.
551
00:25:13,712 --> 00:25:15,647
The Romanovs' weakening grip,
552
00:25:15,647 --> 00:25:17,782
the endless bloodshed
on the frontlines,
553
00:25:17,782 --> 00:25:21,386
and Nicholas II's refusal
to embrace liberal reforms
554
00:25:21,386 --> 00:25:23,154
created a perfect storm.
555
00:25:24,656 --> 00:25:27,058
Even before the Bolsheviks
seized full power,
556
00:25:27,058 --> 00:25:30,061
Fabergé himself had come
under close surveillance,
557
00:25:30,061 --> 00:25:32,964
his international clients and
high-profile connections
558
00:25:32,964 --> 00:25:35,600
marked him as a potential
threat to the new regime.
559
00:25:37,135 --> 00:25:40,939
James Ellis: In February 1917,
revolution erupted in Petrograd,
560
00:25:40,939 --> 00:25:43,041
as St Petersburg
was named back then,
561
00:25:43,041 --> 00:25:46,011
where Fabergé's jewel
house was headquartered.
562
00:25:46,011 --> 00:25:49,214
Military regiments mutinied,
policemen were shot,
563
00:25:49,214 --> 00:25:51,316
and prisons were overrun.
564
00:25:52,183 --> 00:25:55,120
As a fragile provisional
government emerged,
565
00:25:55,120 --> 00:25:58,356
the old Russian empire,
along with Fabergé's world,
566
00:25:58,356 --> 00:25:59,724
was slipping away.
567
00:26:00,992 --> 00:26:02,994
Anthea Nardi: During the brief
period of provisional rule,
568
00:26:02,994 --> 00:26:05,163
Fabergé's business
managed to survive,
569
00:26:05,163 --> 00:26:07,999
adapting to make munitions
instead of luxuries,
570
00:26:07,999 --> 00:26:11,002
and wealthy Russians continue
to cling to his pieces
571
00:26:11,002 --> 00:26:13,905
as portable wealth, since they
were easy to smuggle or hide.
572
00:26:15,807 --> 00:26:17,309
Adam Bunch: The rise of Lenin
573
00:26:17,309 --> 00:26:19,711
marked a dangerous
turning point.
574
00:26:19,711 --> 00:26:21,813
When Lenin and the
Bolsheviks seized control,
575
00:26:21,813 --> 00:26:24,482
Faberge was placed
under close watch.
576
00:26:24,482 --> 00:26:27,252
His family harassed,
his sons arrested.
577
00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:31,656
In 1918, the company
was nationalized,
578
00:26:31,656 --> 00:26:34,426
and within months,
closed forever.
579
00:26:34,426 --> 00:26:36,828
Fabergé was forced
to flee for his life,
580
00:26:36,828 --> 00:26:38,663
escaping Russia in disguise,
581
00:26:38,663 --> 00:26:40,966
eventually ending up
in Switzerland,
582
00:26:40,966 --> 00:26:44,135
where he died
not long after, in 1920.
583
00:26:47,339 --> 00:26:48,940
Narrator: In the 1920s and 30s,
584
00:26:48,940 --> 00:26:52,811
economic survival outweighed
cultural preservation.
585
00:26:52,811 --> 00:26:56,114
The Soviet regime began
liquidating Romanov treasures,
586
00:26:56,114 --> 00:26:58,550
selling them off to
foreign collectors,
587
00:26:58,550 --> 00:27:01,252
with little regard for
their historical value,
588
00:27:01,252 --> 00:27:03,021
desperate for foreign currency
589
00:27:03,021 --> 00:27:05,156
to stabilize the
struggling state.
590
00:27:06,558 --> 00:27:08,226
Adam Bunch: Some of the
missing eggs might have
591
00:27:08,226 --> 00:27:10,195
quietly changed hands
592
00:27:10,195 --> 00:27:12,230
during this tumultuous period.
593
00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:15,900
Lenin initially tried to
preserve that cultural heritage.
594
00:27:15,900 --> 00:27:19,004
But Stalin's rise to power
marked a shift.
595
00:27:20,605 --> 00:27:24,476
Between 1930 and '33,
the Soviets sold
596
00:27:24,476 --> 00:27:27,312
14 Fabergé imperial eggs
597
00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:29,314
to Western collectors,
598
00:27:29,314 --> 00:27:31,149
And the eggs that left Russia
599
00:27:31,149 --> 00:27:34,653
included the legendary
Nécessaire egg,
600
00:27:34,653 --> 00:27:36,855
which had been crafted in 1889.
601
00:27:39,557 --> 00:27:42,127
James Ellis:
In 1949, the Nécessaire Egg
602
00:27:42,127 --> 00:27:44,596
appeared anonymously
at an exhibition,
603
00:27:44,596 --> 00:27:46,765
only to vanish again
three years later,
604
00:27:46,765 --> 00:27:49,668
when it was sold
for just $1,600
605
00:27:49,668 --> 00:27:52,570
to a buyer known
only as 'A Stranger.'
606
00:27:53,271 --> 00:27:55,974
At the time,
the Cold War's iron curtain
607
00:27:55,974 --> 00:27:58,076
meant little was known
about these treasures,
608
00:27:58,076 --> 00:28:00,211
and it wasn't until
decades later,
609
00:28:00,211 --> 00:28:03,181
with the openness of Glasnost,
that it became clear
610
00:28:03,181 --> 00:28:05,884
that the Nécessaire
Egg had been lost.
611
00:28:07,886 --> 00:28:09,487
Alison Leonard:
For decades, the Nécessaire Egg
612
00:28:09,487 --> 00:28:11,690
remained missing, until 2017,
613
00:28:11,690 --> 00:28:13,725
when a long-lost
photograph surfaced,
614
00:28:13,725 --> 00:28:16,161
showing the egg alongside
another Russian treasure,
615
00:28:16,161 --> 00:28:19,264
the Golden Chalice, commissioned
by Catherine the Great.
616
00:28:20,699 --> 00:28:22,934
Until recently, we only
had a basic description
617
00:28:22,934 --> 00:28:25,003
and a grainy image
of the Nécessaire Egg,
618
00:28:25,003 --> 00:28:27,572
and while the new photograph
has sparked excitement,
619
00:28:27,572 --> 00:28:29,207
there's been no
trace of it since.
620
00:28:31,042 --> 00:28:33,578
Adam Bunch: During Stalin's
sell off in the early 1930s,
621
00:28:33,578 --> 00:28:35,914
many of the buyers
were from Britain,
622
00:28:35,914 --> 00:28:39,050
and that's where the
Nécessaire Egg was last spotted.
623
00:28:39,050 --> 00:28:42,620
So it's entirely possible that
it's still out there somewhere,
624
00:28:42,620 --> 00:28:45,657
sitting in some
unsuspecting person's home.
625
00:28:47,692 --> 00:28:49,461
Narrator: The Nécessaire Egg
may still be hidden
626
00:28:49,461 --> 00:28:52,931
in a forgotten collection,
waiting to be rediscovered,
627
00:28:52,931 --> 00:28:54,966
but in the tumult
of revolution,
628
00:28:54,966 --> 00:28:58,236
other Fabergé treasures
weren't so lucky.
629
00:28:58,236 --> 00:29:01,673
And some may have never
made it out of Russia.
630
00:29:02,240 --> 00:29:03,908
Anthea Nardi: Amid the
Romanovs' desperate flight,
631
00:29:03,908 --> 00:29:05,944
their most treasured
possessions were moved
632
00:29:05,944 --> 00:29:08,880
from place to place in a
frantic attempt to protect them,
633
00:29:08,880 --> 00:29:11,583
so it's possible that
some of the Faberge Eggs
634
00:29:11,583 --> 00:29:13,785
were lost or hidden
during this time.
635
00:29:14,519 --> 00:29:17,021
In April 1919, the British Navy
636
00:29:17,021 --> 00:29:20,191
orchestrated a dramatic
evacuation of Dowager Empress
637
00:29:20,191 --> 00:29:23,461
Maria Feodorovna
from Crimea to England.
638
00:29:24,395 --> 00:29:26,931
She fled with all her
personal belongings,
639
00:29:26,931 --> 00:29:30,001
including jewels and possibly
the Royal Danish Egg,
640
00:29:30,001 --> 00:29:33,071
a deeply personal
Fabergé creation from 1903.
641
00:29:35,273 --> 00:29:37,041
Alison Leonard: The Royal
Danish Egg was a tribute
642
00:29:37,041 --> 00:29:38,743
to the Empress's Danish roots,
643
00:29:38,743 --> 00:29:41,112
adorned with delicate
portraits of her parents
644
00:29:41,112 --> 00:29:43,882
and standing at an
impressive nine inches tall.
645
00:29:43,882 --> 00:29:45,617
But during the frantic
evacuation
646
00:29:45,617 --> 00:29:46,918
of the Imperial family,
647
00:29:46,918 --> 00:29:49,621
HMS Marlborough, prepared
for around ten passengers,
648
00:29:49,621 --> 00:29:52,023
was suddenly overwhelmed
with over 80 people
649
00:29:52,023 --> 00:29:54,325
and 200 tons of
unmarked luggage.
650
00:29:54,325 --> 00:29:57,262
In the rush, many valuables
were lost or forgotten,
651
00:29:57,262 --> 00:29:59,731
and it's entirely possible
that the Royal Danish Egg
652
00:29:59,731 --> 00:30:01,366
never made it out of Crimea.
653
00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:04,202
James Ellis:
In the upheaval of war,
654
00:30:04,202 --> 00:30:06,738
it's easy to see how
a priceless treasure,
655
00:30:06,738 --> 00:30:09,073
like the Royal Danish Egg
could disappear.
656
00:30:09,073 --> 00:30:11,943
Perhaps it returned to Russia,
or was stored away
657
00:30:11,943 --> 00:30:13,845
with the Empress,
hidden in England
658
00:30:13,845 --> 00:30:17,215
or Copenhagen, where
she spent her final years.
659
00:30:17,215 --> 00:30:20,985
It could still be tucked in some
forgotten corner of Europe,
660
00:30:20,985 --> 00:30:23,221
uncatalogued and unnoticed,
661
00:30:23,221 --> 00:30:26,391
or deliberately concealed
as a safeguard.
662
00:30:26,391 --> 00:30:28,326
♪♪
663
00:30:28,326 --> 00:30:31,029
Narrator: In times of war,
items of great value
664
00:30:31,029 --> 00:30:32,964
often slip through the cracks.
665
00:30:32,964 --> 00:30:36,734
While some Fabergé eggs may
have been lost in the turmoil,
666
00:30:36,734 --> 00:30:39,737
others could have
suffered a darker fate,
667
00:30:39,737 --> 00:30:42,974
one sealed by the harsh
economic realities
668
00:30:42,974 --> 00:30:44,809
of the Soviet state.
669
00:30:44,809 --> 00:30:47,245
James Ellis: By the 1920s,
the Soviet government
670
00:30:47,245 --> 00:30:50,381
had shifted from selling
treasures to dismantling them,
671
00:30:50,381 --> 00:30:53,852
reducing the Romanov
wealth to raw materials.
672
00:30:53,852 --> 00:30:56,120
Gold and jewels
were melted down
673
00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:59,390
to fuel the regime's
industrial ambitions,
674
00:30:59,390 --> 00:31:02,627
so it's possible that some of
the missing Fabergé eggs,
675
00:31:02,627 --> 00:31:05,163
including the Mauve Egg,
were destroyed.
676
00:31:06,998 --> 00:31:08,967
Alison Leonard: The Mauve Egg,
an 1897 masterpiece,
677
00:31:08,967 --> 00:31:10,668
gifted to Maria Feodorovna,
678
00:31:10,668 --> 00:31:12,570
was last seen
in the Gatchina Palace
679
00:31:12,570 --> 00:31:14,172
before vanishing from records.
680
00:31:14,172 --> 00:31:16,841
It's completely absent
from both the 1917
681
00:31:16,841 --> 00:31:19,377
and 1922 inventories
of seized treasures.
682
00:31:20,111 --> 00:31:22,480
Narrator: The surprise,
a diamond-encrusted heart
683
00:31:22,480 --> 00:31:26,584
that opens into a clover,
resurfaced decades later;
684
00:31:26,584 --> 00:31:27,952
it was passed between
collectors
685
00:31:27,952 --> 00:31:30,121
in the 1970s and 2000s
686
00:31:30,121 --> 00:31:31,923
and now sits on display
687
00:31:31,923 --> 00:31:34,459
at St. Petersburg's
Fabergé Museum.
688
00:31:34,459 --> 00:31:37,629
But the fate of the gold and
mauve-enamel egg itself
689
00:31:37,629 --> 00:31:38,630
remains a mystery.
690
00:31:39,564 --> 00:31:40,965
Alison Leonard: It's
possible it was dismantled,
691
00:31:40,965 --> 00:31:43,968
its gold and jewels repurposed
to finance the new regime.
692
00:31:43,968 --> 00:31:45,270
Anthea Nardi:
But it's also possible
693
00:31:45,270 --> 00:31:47,705
that the Mauve Egg
survived liquidation.
694
00:31:47,705 --> 00:31:49,974
Even under the most
ruthless regimes,
695
00:31:49,974 --> 00:31:51,776
some people risked everything
696
00:31:51,776 --> 00:31:53,912
to protect Russia's
cultural heritage.
697
00:31:53,912 --> 00:31:55,914
Curators and officials
often hid treasures
698
00:31:55,914 --> 00:31:57,882
or smuggled them
out of the country,
699
00:31:57,882 --> 00:31:59,717
though there's no
proof the Mauve Egg
700
00:31:59,717 --> 00:32:01,119
was among those saved.
701
00:32:02,020 --> 00:32:04,322
The logistics of moving
such valuable items
702
00:32:04,322 --> 00:32:06,324
would have been
meticulously planned
703
00:32:06,324 --> 00:32:08,559
and it's unlikely that they
would simply vanish.
704
00:32:10,328 --> 00:32:13,264
Narrator: Seven Fabergé eggs
remain missing today.
705
00:32:13,264 --> 00:32:16,935
Each one a priceless artifact
of a vanished world.
706
00:32:16,935 --> 00:32:19,971
Their stories continue to
captivate historians
707
00:32:19,971 --> 00:32:21,873
and treasure hunters alike.
708
00:32:22,573 --> 00:32:24,075
Anthea Nardi: Of the
missing Fabergé eggs,
709
00:32:24,075 --> 00:32:26,778
only two are known to have
survived the revolution.
710
00:32:26,778 --> 00:32:30,481
But every so often, a new clue
raises the thrilling possibility
711
00:32:30,481 --> 00:32:33,418
that more of these lost
treasures may yet be found.
712
00:32:34,953 --> 00:32:38,189
Adam Bunch: In 2012, the third
imperial egg turned up
713
00:32:38,189 --> 00:32:40,658
at a flea market
in the United States,
714
00:32:40,658 --> 00:32:44,662
bought by a scrap metal dealer
for less than $14,000.
715
00:32:44,662 --> 00:32:48,599
He planned to sell it off to be
melted down for its gold,
716
00:32:49,167 --> 00:32:54,339
until an expert valued it
at nearly $33 million.
717
00:32:54,339 --> 00:32:56,774
So if the third imperial egg
could resurface
718
00:32:56,774 --> 00:33:00,678
in a flea market, then who's
to say the other missing eggs
719
00:33:00,678 --> 00:33:04,349
aren't still out there somewhere
waiting to be discovered?
720
00:33:05,550 --> 00:33:08,753
Narrator: The mystery of the
Fabergé eggs is far from over.
721
00:33:08,753 --> 00:33:12,757
Somewhere out there, the next
clue waits to be uncovered.
722
00:33:12,757 --> 00:33:14,559
And, as history has shown,
723
00:33:14,559 --> 00:33:17,295
sometimes, the most
priceless treasures,
724
00:33:17,295 --> 00:33:20,498
are hidden in unexpected places.
725
00:33:23,768 --> 00:33:24,102
♪♪
726
00:33:24,102 --> 00:33:34,112
♪♪
727
00:33:34,112 --> 00:33:37,048
Narrator: In 1952, near
the northwestern shores
728
00:33:37,048 --> 00:33:39,484
of the Dead Sea
in the Judaean desert,
729
00:33:39,484 --> 00:33:42,253
and deep in a cave
at Khirbat Qumran,
730
00:33:42,253 --> 00:33:44,155
the site where the
Dead Sea Scrolls
731
00:33:44,155 --> 00:33:46,524
had first been discovered
five years prior,
732
00:33:46,524 --> 00:33:50,328
a startling new revelation
came to light.
733
00:33:51,062 --> 00:33:54,032
Amma Agbedor: Tucked in a niche
behind a large stone
734
00:33:54,032 --> 00:33:57,568
and embedded in the dirt were
the two broken halves
735
00:33:57,568 --> 00:33:59,637
of a metal scroll.
736
00:34:00,204 --> 00:34:03,007
All the scrolls
found at the Dead Sea
737
00:34:03,007 --> 00:34:06,144
up to that point,
literally hundreds of them,
738
00:34:06,144 --> 00:34:08,479
in 11 different caves,
739
00:34:08,479 --> 00:34:12,884
had all been either
parchment or papyrus.
740
00:34:12,884 --> 00:34:16,387
But this scroll
was solid copper!
741
00:34:18,389 --> 00:34:20,391
James Ellis: The scroll was so
ancient and corroded
742
00:34:20,391 --> 00:34:22,160
that it couldn't be unscrolled.
743
00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:24,262
It had to be cut into strips,
744
00:34:24,262 --> 00:34:26,230
which were placed
edge-to-edge...
745
00:34:26,230 --> 00:34:28,766
revealing a document
about eight feet long,
746
00:34:28,766 --> 00:34:30,668
dense with Hebrew text,
747
00:34:30,668 --> 00:34:33,337
composed by an anonymous author.
748
00:34:33,337 --> 00:34:36,874
It was a list, detailing
the contents of dozens
749
00:34:36,874 --> 00:34:38,976
of stashes of gold and silver,
750
00:34:38,976 --> 00:34:41,145
over a billion dollars' worth
751
00:34:41,145 --> 00:34:44,615
and giving clues as to where
each stash could be found.
752
00:34:46,150 --> 00:34:48,853
Adam Bunch: The first few
locations were deciphered,
753
00:34:48,853 --> 00:34:50,655
but the initial excavations
754
00:34:50,655 --> 00:34:53,391
didn't find any treasure at all.
755
00:34:53,391 --> 00:34:56,661
Still, people knew it would be
an immensely important find
756
00:34:56,661 --> 00:34:58,830
historically and culturally,
757
00:34:58,830 --> 00:35:01,165
not to mention
the monetary value.
758
00:35:01,165 --> 00:35:03,034
So the search was on.
759
00:35:03,034 --> 00:35:06,170
Where was all this
gold and silver?
760
00:35:06,170 --> 00:35:10,141
Who originally owned the
treasures of the Copper Scroll?
761
00:35:12,376 --> 00:35:14,278
Narrator: The original
"Dead Sea Scrolls"
762
00:35:14,278 --> 00:35:17,615
discovered by chance
in 1946 or '47,
763
00:35:17,615 --> 00:35:20,651
are often said to contain
"biblical texts".
764
00:35:20,651 --> 00:35:22,687
But even that description
765
00:35:22,687 --> 00:35:24,355
isn't quite so simple.
766
00:35:25,490 --> 00:35:26,991
Anthea Nardi: The Dead Sea
Scrolls are believed
767
00:35:26,991 --> 00:35:30,695
to have been written between
200 BCE and 68 CE.
768
00:35:30,695 --> 00:35:33,931
That was about a thousand years
before the earliest known Bible.
769
00:35:33,931 --> 00:35:35,900
Much of what was
written in the Scrolls
770
00:35:35,900 --> 00:35:37,635
would then also
show up in the Bible,
771
00:35:37,635 --> 00:35:39,137
about a millennium later.
772
00:35:39,137 --> 00:35:40,571
This was pre-biblical!
773
00:35:41,105 --> 00:35:43,908
A big find! Probably one of
the most important
774
00:35:43,908 --> 00:35:45,476
in modern archaeology.
775
00:35:46,377 --> 00:35:48,679
Amma Agbedor: The task of
deciphering the scrolls
776
00:35:48,679 --> 00:35:52,216
started immediately,
and continues to this day.
777
00:35:52,216 --> 00:35:54,118
It's been an uphill battle
778
00:35:54,118 --> 00:35:57,655
because most of the eight
to nine hundred scrolls
779
00:35:57,655 --> 00:35:59,557
were so old and brittle,
780
00:35:59,557 --> 00:36:02,093
that they've crumbled
into fragments,
781
00:36:02,093 --> 00:36:04,662
about 15,000 of them,
782
00:36:04,662 --> 00:36:07,064
most of them tiny.
783
00:36:07,064 --> 00:36:09,400
It wasn't until the early '90s
784
00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:12,370
that a computer program
was finally able
785
00:36:12,370 --> 00:36:15,139
to reconstruct one of the texts.
786
00:36:16,574 --> 00:36:18,809
James Ellis: So much has been
learned from the scrolls
787
00:36:18,809 --> 00:36:22,013
about culture, history,
and of course religion.
788
00:36:22,013 --> 00:36:26,684
The texts helped push the date
of a stabilized Hebrew Bible
789
00:36:26,684 --> 00:36:29,220
back to at least 70 CE;
790
00:36:29,220 --> 00:36:31,856
they helped reconstruct
Palestine's history
791
00:36:31,856 --> 00:36:35,927
from the 4th century BCE
to 135 CE;
792
00:36:35,927 --> 00:36:38,863
and they've revealed a great
deal about the relationship
793
00:36:38,863 --> 00:36:41,332
between early Christian
and Jewish religions.
794
00:36:42,767 --> 00:36:44,769
Adam Bunch: How the
Dead Sea Scrolls came to be
795
00:36:44,769 --> 00:36:47,838
in those caves has been a
mystery from the start.
796
00:36:47,838 --> 00:36:50,374
Were they moved there
from a library somewhere,
797
00:36:50,374 --> 00:36:52,743
maybe to protect them
from some kind of threat?
798
00:36:52,743 --> 00:36:56,013
But even then, when
exactly were they moved?
799
00:36:56,013 --> 00:36:57,848
Who wrote them? Why?
800
00:36:57,848 --> 00:36:59,116
There's lots of debate,
801
00:36:59,116 --> 00:37:01,419
but all of those questions
remain unanswered.
802
00:37:03,754 --> 00:37:05,523
Narrator: The discovery
of the copper scroll
803
00:37:05,523 --> 00:37:08,326
introduced a whole new
set of questions.
804
00:37:09,727 --> 00:37:11,562
Anthea Nardi: For
starters, the language.
805
00:37:11,562 --> 00:37:14,932
Most of the other scrolls, the
ones on papyrus and parchment,
806
00:37:14,932 --> 00:37:16,734
were written
in literary Hebrew.
807
00:37:16,734 --> 00:37:19,937
The copper scroll's language
was closer to an early form
808
00:37:19,937 --> 00:37:22,039
of Mishnah,
which was more casual.
809
00:37:22,506 --> 00:37:24,275
And, whoever inscribed the text
810
00:37:24,275 --> 00:37:26,410
got some of their
Hebrew letters mixed up.
811
00:37:27,311 --> 00:37:28,479
Amma Agbedor:
It could be that the people
812
00:37:28,479 --> 00:37:30,314
who had the scroll made
813
00:37:30,314 --> 00:37:32,583
used an illiterate scribe,
814
00:37:32,583 --> 00:37:36,053
so they wouldn't know where
the treasures were hidden,
815
00:37:36,053 --> 00:37:38,990
and couldn't tell anyone else.
816
00:37:38,990 --> 00:37:41,325
Kind of a low-tech encryption,
817
00:37:41,325 --> 00:37:43,427
but also pretty ingenious.
818
00:37:45,663 --> 00:37:47,498
James Ellis: Stranger still,
the scroll was not even
819
00:37:47,498 --> 00:37:49,533
written entirely in Hebrew.
820
00:37:49,533 --> 00:37:52,570
There were some Greek words
used and even sequences
821
00:37:52,570 --> 00:37:56,374
of Greek letters that weren't
words, they looked like code.
822
00:37:58,276 --> 00:38:00,211
Narrator: The Copper Scroll
described riches
823
00:38:00,211 --> 00:38:01,779
of immense value.
824
00:38:01,779 --> 00:38:05,283
Researchers tried to work out
the treasures' likely owners,
825
00:38:05,283 --> 00:38:07,985
based on proximity and history.
826
00:38:09,420 --> 00:38:11,656
Adam Bunch: One very popular
theory is that
827
00:38:11,656 --> 00:38:14,859
the treasure belonged to
the Temple of Jerusalem,
828
00:38:14,859 --> 00:38:17,595
which wasn't even
50 miles west of the caves.
829
00:38:17,595 --> 00:38:20,064
According to the Hebrew Bible,
830
00:38:20,064 --> 00:38:23,701
it was first built in 957 BCE
831
00:38:23,701 --> 00:38:25,736
and is said to have housed
the famous
832
00:38:25,736 --> 00:38:27,471
Ark of the Covenant.
833
00:38:28,539 --> 00:38:31,809
So, the building certainly
had a high enough profile
834
00:38:31,809 --> 00:38:35,446
to be used to store staggering
amounts of gold and silver.
835
00:38:37,415 --> 00:38:38,949
Anthea Nardi: What seems
to be a catch here is that
836
00:38:38,949 --> 00:38:41,385
the Temple of Jerusalem
was looted and destroyed
837
00:38:41,385 --> 00:38:45,456
by the Babylonians
in 587 and 586 BCE,
838
00:38:45,456 --> 00:38:48,059
long before the
copper scroll is believed
839
00:38:48,059 --> 00:38:51,262
to have been made,
but by 515 BCE,
840
00:38:51,262 --> 00:38:53,497
the temple was rebuilt
on the same site,
841
00:38:53,497 --> 00:38:55,766
into the Second Temple
of Jerusalem.
842
00:38:55,766 --> 00:38:58,703
And the Second Temple, while it
no longer housed the Ark,
843
00:38:58,703 --> 00:39:01,739
was documented as having held
vast amounts of gold and silver.
844
00:39:03,407 --> 00:39:07,078
Amma Agbedor: The Second Temple
stood intact until 70 CE,
845
00:39:07,078 --> 00:39:09,113
when the Romans destroyed it.
846
00:39:09,113 --> 00:39:11,882
And some believe
that the copper scroll
847
00:39:11,882 --> 00:39:13,651
could have been inscribed
848
00:39:13,651 --> 00:39:15,820
a couple of years before that,
849
00:39:15,820 --> 00:39:17,788
in 68 CE.
850
00:39:19,023 --> 00:39:21,325
James Ellis: There's a
troubling inconsistency
851
00:39:21,325 --> 00:39:22,760
with that suggestion, though.
852
00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:24,995
Historical records
from that time
853
00:39:24,995 --> 00:39:27,631
claimed that when the Romans
destroyed the Second Temple,
854
00:39:27,631 --> 00:39:29,834
the treasure was still in it.
855
00:39:29,834 --> 00:39:32,870
And even if the gold and
silver had been removed
856
00:39:32,870 --> 00:39:35,005
and hidden before
the Romans came in,
857
00:39:35,005 --> 00:39:37,308
it's hard to link the
location descriptions
858
00:39:37,308 --> 00:39:38,776
given in the Copper Scroll
859
00:39:38,776 --> 00:39:40,911
with the area
around the Temple,
860
00:39:40,911 --> 00:39:43,080
or with Jerusalem itself.
861
00:39:43,814 --> 00:39:45,850
Narrator: If not the
Temple of Jerusalem,
862
00:39:45,850 --> 00:39:48,519
the Copper Scroll and
the riches it described
863
00:39:48,519 --> 00:39:52,156
may have had their origins
even closer to the caves.
864
00:39:52,990 --> 00:39:54,525
Adam Bunch:
One theory suggests the owners
865
00:39:54,525 --> 00:39:56,660
of the Copper Scrolls treasures
866
00:39:56,660 --> 00:39:59,263
could have been the Essenes,
an ascetic Jewish sect
867
00:39:59,263 --> 00:40:00,664
who may have had
a community within
868
00:40:00,664 --> 00:40:03,200
walking distance of the caves.
869
00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:06,570
Some believe they lived at
Qumran, in modern day Palestine,
870
00:40:06,570 --> 00:40:09,106
from about the 2nd century BCE,
871
00:40:09,106 --> 00:40:12,042
until the end of
the 1st century CE.
872
00:40:12,042 --> 00:40:13,778
Those dates overlap with when
873
00:40:13,778 --> 00:40:16,180
the Copper Scroll
might have been made,
874
00:40:16,180 --> 00:40:18,149
so some think maybe
the gold was part
875
00:40:18,149 --> 00:40:20,351
of the Essenes communal wealth.
876
00:40:21,886 --> 00:40:23,621
Anthea Nardi: Roman arrowheads
and evidence of burning
877
00:40:23,621 --> 00:40:26,357
were found at the ruins of
the Essenes' settlement,
878
00:40:26,357 --> 00:40:28,859
which rather ominously
supports the idea
879
00:40:28,859 --> 00:40:31,562
that they may have had
something the Romans wanted.
880
00:40:32,596 --> 00:40:34,498
Amma Agbedor: And the Essenes
didn't believe
881
00:40:34,498 --> 00:40:36,300
in temple worship,
882
00:40:36,300 --> 00:40:39,069
so, while many communities
may have stored
883
00:40:39,069 --> 00:40:40,738
their riches in a temple,
884
00:40:40,738 --> 00:40:44,108
the Essenes would have had
to find some other way
885
00:40:44,108 --> 00:40:46,544
to store whatever
wealth they had.
886
00:40:46,544 --> 00:40:50,714
And find someplace
to hide it from the Romans.
887
00:40:50,714 --> 00:40:53,451
The Copper Scroll
might have been describing
888
00:40:53,451 --> 00:40:55,052
their hiding places.
889
00:40:55,820 --> 00:40:57,388
James Ellis: The issue
with that theory is
890
00:40:57,388 --> 00:40:59,590
that the Essenes were
an ascetic sect.
891
00:40:59,590 --> 00:41:02,726
They believed in manual
labor and seclusion.
892
00:41:02,726 --> 00:41:04,995
The copper alone that
went into the scroll
893
00:41:04,995 --> 00:41:07,364
would have been extremely
costly at the time.
894
00:41:07,364 --> 00:41:09,800
It can't be ruled out,
but it's hard to imagine
895
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:12,570
that the Essenes possessed
the kind of material wealth
896
00:41:12,570 --> 00:41:14,605
described in the Copper Scroll.
897
00:41:15,439 --> 00:41:17,641
Narrator: If the Essenes
didn't hide the treasures,
898
00:41:17,641 --> 00:41:21,212
there was another group that was
more accustomed to subterfuge,
899
00:41:21,212 --> 00:41:22,980
and the necessities of hiding,
900
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:25,182
and communicating in code.
901
00:41:25,182 --> 00:41:27,685
Adam Bunch: Another theory
claims that gold and silver
902
00:41:27,685 --> 00:41:31,655
could have belonged to and been
hidden by Jewish rebels
903
00:41:31,655 --> 00:41:35,493
who rose up against the Romans
around that same time,
904
00:41:35,493 --> 00:41:40,030
maybe during the first Jewish
revolt from 66 to 70 CE,
905
00:41:40,030 --> 00:41:41,732
or the Bar Kokhba revolt,
906
00:41:41,732 --> 00:41:45,836
the final war between the Jewish
people and the Roman Empire,
907
00:41:45,836 --> 00:41:49,840
which was fought between
132 and 136 CE.
908
00:41:49,840 --> 00:41:53,310
Both of those date ranges are
within the realm of possibility,
909
00:41:53,310 --> 00:41:54,845
according to some scholars,
910
00:41:54,845 --> 00:41:57,882
based on what's known about
the age of the Copper Scroll.
911
00:41:58,983 --> 00:42:01,619
Anthea Nardi: Behaviorally,
this hypothesis fits;
912
00:42:01,619 --> 00:42:04,321
Jewish rebels were known
to hide themselves
913
00:42:04,321 --> 00:42:05,990
or their valuables
in safe rooms,
914
00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:08,826
to keep the Romans from finding
them and to make sure
915
00:42:08,826 --> 00:42:11,061
they could access them
when necessary.
916
00:42:11,061 --> 00:42:13,831
This helped fund and
sustain the resistance.
917
00:42:15,799 --> 00:42:18,636
Amma Agbedor: Interestingly,
a number of the cryptic clues
918
00:42:18,636 --> 00:42:21,438
the Copper Scroll contained
regarding the hiding places
919
00:42:21,438 --> 00:42:24,842
seemed to fit the
area around the caves,
920
00:42:24,842 --> 00:42:29,947
and caves used by the Jewish
rebels have been located.
921
00:42:29,947 --> 00:42:33,183
And one of them,
found in the 1960s,
922
00:42:33,183 --> 00:42:35,452
is called the "Cave of Letters"
923
00:42:35,452 --> 00:42:37,788
because several letters
were discovered in it
924
00:42:37,788 --> 00:42:40,457
from Bar Kochba,
who was the leader
925
00:42:40,457 --> 00:42:42,226
of the last rebellion.
926
00:42:43,727 --> 00:42:45,629
James Ellis: Many of the caves
in the Judaean desert
927
00:42:45,629 --> 00:42:48,532
have been thoroughly excavated,
but none of the treasures
928
00:42:48,532 --> 00:42:51,635
described by the Copper Scroll
have been found.
929
00:42:51,635 --> 00:42:54,271
To some, the degree of wealth
described in the scroll
930
00:42:54,271 --> 00:42:56,607
seems like it might have been
beyond what the rebels
931
00:42:56,607 --> 00:42:59,810
could have gathered together,
but...who knows?
932
00:43:01,078 --> 00:43:03,480
Narrator: The scholar and
historian of the day,
933
00:43:03,480 --> 00:43:06,317
Flavius Josephus,
wrote that after the war,
934
00:43:06,317 --> 00:43:08,886
Roman warriors
dug up gold, silver,
935
00:43:08,886 --> 00:43:11,422
and other riches
from the Jewish people,
936
00:43:11,422 --> 00:43:13,691
whether civilian citizens,
or rebels,
937
00:43:13,691 --> 00:43:15,826
had tried in vain, to hide.
938
00:43:16,760 --> 00:43:19,430
Adam Bunch: What Josephus
wrote suggests at least
939
00:43:19,430 --> 00:43:21,665
two significant things.
940
00:43:21,665 --> 00:43:24,735
The gold and silver were
hidden from the Romans;
941
00:43:24,735 --> 00:43:27,638
and that some of it was found.
942
00:43:27,638 --> 00:43:31,041
But he didn't specify whether
all of it was discovered.
943
00:43:31,041 --> 00:43:34,678
So, if there's anything
the Romans didn't find,
944
00:43:34,678 --> 00:43:36,280
it could still be hidden
945
00:43:36,280 --> 00:43:37,715
wherever it was buried.
946
00:43:39,883 --> 00:43:41,485
Narrator: One person claims
to have found
947
00:43:41,485 --> 00:43:44,021
at least two locations
near Qumran
948
00:43:44,021 --> 00:43:47,458
that match what's described
by the Copper Scroll.
949
00:43:47,458 --> 00:43:49,026
Given the conflict and strife
950
00:43:49,026 --> 00:43:51,061
the region continues
to suffer from,
951
00:43:51,061 --> 00:43:53,530
the local government is
not likely to grant
952
00:43:53,530 --> 00:43:56,200
excavation permits anytime soon.
953
00:43:56,200 --> 00:43:57,735
The Copper Scroll's secrets,
954
00:43:57,735 --> 00:43:59,737
and the treasures it describes,
955
00:43:59,737 --> 00:44:02,272
still await discovery.
956
00:44:02,272 --> 00:44:09,913
♪♪
957
00:44:11,949 --> 00:44:17,287
♪♪
113027
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