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Na
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Narr
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Narrat
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Narrator
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Narrator:
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Narrator: A
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Narrator: A gh
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Narrator: A ghos
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Narrator: A ghost
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Narrator: A ghost sh
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Narrator: A ghost ship
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Narrator: A ghost ship
di
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Narrator: A ghost ship
disc
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discov
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discover
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered o
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered off
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered off t
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered off the
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered off the c
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered off the coa
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Narrator: A ghost ship
discovered off the coast
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of the Azores in 1872,
leads to wild speculation
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as to how the entire crew
disappeared.
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James Ellis:
It could've been a mutiny.
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Ships were isolated worlds,
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and tensions could
easily flare up
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in such confined quarters.
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Narrator: A treasured Russian
art installation
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seemingly vanished
during World War II.
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Adam Bunch: The entire room!
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Where in the world had
the Nazis taken it?
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Narrator: Great Victorian
explorer, Percy Fawcett
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embarked on an
expedition into the Amazon
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in search of a lost city,
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never to be seen again.
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Dr. Agbedor: It's possible
that he felt he was close
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to finding his lost city
and wanted to make sure
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others couldn't follow him.
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♪♪
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Narrator: The chain of history
has many missing links.
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Prominent people.
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Priceless treasures.
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Extraordinary artifacts.
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Their locations still unknown.
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Lost to the fog of time.
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What happens when stories
in the past become
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Vanished History?
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♪♪
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Narrator: On December 4, 1872,
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Captain David Morehouse of the
Canadian brigantine Dei Gratia
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was navigating the warm waters
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between the
Azores Islands and Portugal,
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when he came across
a strange site.
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On the horizon, the ghostly
silhouette of a merchant ship,
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lifeless and adrift,
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swaying eerily in the calm.
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Alison Leonard: It was
an extraordinary sight.
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A ship drifting aimlessly,
its sails in tatters
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and slightly out of control.
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Morehouse immediately
sensed something was amiss.
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James Ellis: The Dei Gratia
was about 6 nautical miles
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away at this point.
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Morehouse hailed the ship
multiple times without response
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and then realized
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there was no one at the wheel
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and not a sign of life on deck.
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As he got closer,
his confusion turned to anxiety:
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he recognized it as
the Mary Celeste.
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Adam Bunch: Morehouse seems
to have known the Captain
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of the Mary Celeste,
Benjamin Spooner Briggs.
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Some accounts even suggest they
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00:02:34,287 --> 00:02:36,389
had dinner together in New York
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the night before
the ship set sail.
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Alison Leonard: Ten people were
onboard - a crew of seven men,
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Captain Briggs, and
his wife and daughter.
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The ship was supposed to be
headed to Genoa, Italy
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to deliver a load of alcohol.
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So what was it doing drifting
aimlessly 400 nautical miles
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00:02:52,205 --> 00:02:53,773
off the coast of the Azores?
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♪♪
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♪♪
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Narrator:
Originally named Amazon,
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the Mary Celeste was constructed
in Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Anthea Nardi: When the ship
launched on May 18, 1861,
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things didn't start off
smoothly.
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00:03:14,427 --> 00:03:17,063
In fact, its early years
were pretty rough.
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Its Captain passed
away from pneumonia
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00:03:18,831 --> 00:03:20,400
on the very first voyage,
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00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:23,303
and over the next few years,
it faced more bad luck,
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00:03:23,303 --> 00:03:25,371
including running aground on
Cape Breton Island,
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00:03:25,371 --> 00:03:27,273
in October of 1867.
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Adam Bunch: The ship was renamed
the Mary Celeste in 1868
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00:03:34,047 --> 00:03:36,516
and underwent some
significant renovations
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and was sold to a group that
included Captain Briggs.
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00:03:39,819 --> 00:03:43,990
And soon after that, the ship
was moved to its new home port
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in New York City.
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00:03:46,025 --> 00:03:49,195
And then on November 7, 1872,
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00:03:49,195 --> 00:03:52,298
the Mary Celeste
set sail for Genoa.
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00:03:52,298 --> 00:03:55,568
It was less than a month later
that it was discovered
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00:03:55,568 --> 00:03:58,771
floating adrift by the crew
of the Dei Gratia.
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Narrator: His fears growing,
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Captain Morehouse sent his
Chief Mate Oliver Deveau
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and several crew members to
investigate the Mary Celeste.
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And what they uncovered
would become
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00:04:16,322 --> 00:04:20,026
one of the greatest maritime
mysteries of all time.
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Anthea Nardi:
It was a chilling scene.
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00:04:22,095 --> 00:04:26,032
On the deck, there were signs of
disarray but no obvious chaos.
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00:04:26,032 --> 00:04:28,301
A piece of the railing
had been removed.
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00:04:28,301 --> 00:04:31,070
One sail was intact, and
others were blown away
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00:04:31,070 --> 00:04:32,572
or missing altogether.
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00:04:32,572 --> 00:04:35,441
And ropes were strewn
haphazardly over the sides.
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00:04:37,176 --> 00:04:39,279
Adam Bunch:
The ship had three hatches.
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00:04:39,279 --> 00:04:42,548
The main one was securely
fastened, but the other two,
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00:04:42,548 --> 00:04:45,852
the fore and lazarette,
they were left wide open.
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00:04:49,989 --> 00:04:52,425
Narrator: The mystery of
the Mary Celeste deepened,
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00:04:52,425 --> 00:04:55,495
as the boarding party
investigated below deck.
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00:04:56,696 --> 00:04:58,564
Alison Leonard: There was
no sign of Captain Briggs,
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00:04:58,564 --> 00:05:01,567
his wife Sarah Elizabeth, his
2-year-old daughter, Sophia,
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00:05:01,567 --> 00:05:03,936
or any of the other
7 crew members.
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00:05:03,936 --> 00:05:05,772
All 10 had seemingly vanished.
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00:05:08,441 --> 00:05:10,209
James Ellis: There was about
three feet of water
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00:05:10,209 --> 00:05:12,278
in the bilges. Not ideal,
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00:05:12,278 --> 00:05:16,616
but definitely not enough
to sink a 282-ton ship,
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00:05:16,616 --> 00:05:20,953
and the cargo of over 1,700
barrels of industrial alcohol
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00:05:20,953 --> 00:05:22,889
remained almost entirely intact.
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00:05:24,957 --> 00:05:27,360
Anthea Nardi:
The only lifeboat was missing,
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00:05:27,360 --> 00:05:29,929
along with the bill of landing,
the navigation book,
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00:05:29,929 --> 00:05:32,865
and interestingly,
the navigational instruments,
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00:05:32,865 --> 00:05:35,301
including the ship's
sextant and chronometer.
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00:05:36,669 --> 00:05:38,971
Alison Leonard: What's puzzling
is what the crew left behind.
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00:05:38,971 --> 00:05:42,942
Petty cash, tobacco, even oil-
skin raincoats, all still there.
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00:05:42,942 --> 00:05:45,945
So something happened on that
ship that made everyone leave,
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00:05:45,945 --> 00:05:48,481
without so much as collecting
their personal effects.
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00:05:48,481 --> 00:05:50,883
Even small items that could
easily be carried.
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00:05:50,883 --> 00:05:52,051
But what was it?
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00:05:57,423 --> 00:05:59,759
Narrator: Upon the discovery
of the Mary Celeste,
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00:05:59,759 --> 00:06:03,162
many observers' first instinct
was that Captain Briggs
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00:06:03,162 --> 00:06:05,398
was the victim of
a sinister plot.
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00:06:06,866 --> 00:06:08,601
James Ellis:
It could've been a mutiny.
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00:06:08,601 --> 00:06:12,872
Ships were isolated worlds, and
tensions could easily flare up
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00:06:12,872 --> 00:06:14,907
in such confined quarters.
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00:06:14,907 --> 00:06:17,043
They had been at sea
for nearly a month...
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00:06:17,043 --> 00:06:19,779
It's not hard to imagine the
crew turning against
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00:06:19,779 --> 00:06:23,549
Captain Briggs, perhaps driven
by fear or greed.
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00:06:25,585 --> 00:06:27,487
Anthea Nardi: But Captain
Briggs was well liked.
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00:06:27,487 --> 00:06:30,356
He was known
to be firm but fair.
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00:06:30,356 --> 00:06:33,126
He was a religious man
and a staunch teetotaller
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00:06:33,126 --> 00:06:35,261
and hand-picked the
crew personally.
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00:06:36,028 --> 00:06:39,065
By all accounts, the men
were described as peaceful,
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00:06:39,065 --> 00:06:40,566
professional sailors.
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00:06:41,834 --> 00:06:44,670
Narrator: An inquiry into what
transpired on the Mary Celeste
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00:06:44,670 --> 00:06:48,141
was held, and despite the
lack of physical evidence,
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00:06:48,141 --> 00:06:52,545
the idea of mutiny lingered in
the minds of investigators.
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00:06:53,746 --> 00:06:55,782
Adam Bunch: The hearings were
led by the Attorney General
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00:06:55,782 --> 00:06:58,551
of Gibraltar,
Frederick Solly-Flood.
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00:06:58,551 --> 00:07:01,354
He speculated wildly
about a mutiny
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00:07:01,354 --> 00:07:04,323
fueled by all that
alcohol on board.
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00:07:04,323 --> 00:07:06,259
His theory was that the
crew had been driven
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00:07:06,259 --> 00:07:08,327
into a drunken frenzy
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00:07:08,327 --> 00:07:10,696
and killed the
captain and his family.
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00:07:10,696 --> 00:07:12,765
But that might have been
impossible.
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00:07:12,765 --> 00:07:16,602
Many historians think the
alcohol was toxic, denatured,
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00:07:16,602 --> 00:07:18,738
so no one would have been
able to drink it at all.
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James Ellis: Denatured alcohol
is a type of ethanol
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00:07:26,512 --> 00:07:28,614
with additives put
into the barrels
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00:07:28,614 --> 00:07:32,418
to make it not only
unappetizing, but poisonous.
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00:07:32,418 --> 00:07:35,288
This was to prevent anyone
from becoming tempted
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00:07:35,288 --> 00:07:37,657
to imbibe the cargo
on the voyage,
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00:07:37,657 --> 00:07:40,760
and was a common practice among
manufacturers at the time.
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Narrator: This denatured alcohol
was destined for industrial use,
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00:07:46,799 --> 00:07:49,101
often in the
production of perfumes,
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00:07:49,101 --> 00:07:51,003
solvents and cleaning fluids.
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00:07:52,505 --> 00:07:53,840
Anthea Nardi: They found some
pretty unsettling stuff
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on board - a broken,
stained sword,
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strange stains on the deck,
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and a deep mark in the timber
that looked like
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00:08:01,113 --> 00:08:02,682
it was made by an axe.
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00:08:02,682 --> 00:08:04,851
Flood thought this pointed
to a violent struggle.
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00:08:04,851 --> 00:08:06,385
But when they
tested the evidence,
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00:08:06,385 --> 00:08:07,820
there was no blood at all.
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00:08:07,820 --> 00:08:09,722
So, if it wasn't
a violent clash,
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00:08:09,722 --> 00:08:11,357
then what else
could've happened?
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♪♪
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00:08:21,334 --> 00:08:23,069
Narrator: With no
evidence of mutiny,
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00:08:23,069 --> 00:08:27,406
wild conspiracy theories emerged
and spread far and wide
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00:08:27,406 --> 00:08:31,077
as legends of the
ghost ship proliferated.
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00:08:31,077 --> 00:08:34,013
But the explanation could
be a simple, natural one
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00:08:34,013 --> 00:08:37,850
that has plagued seafarers,
since humans took to the seas.
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00:08:39,519 --> 00:08:41,621
James Ellis: The year
the Mary Celeste was found
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00:08:41,621 --> 00:08:44,557
had the worst weather
since records began.
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00:08:44,557 --> 00:08:47,360
Hundreds of vessels
were lost or abandoned
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00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:48,995
in the Atlantic that year.
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00:08:50,663 --> 00:08:53,499
We know from the log book
that after setting sail,
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00:08:53,499 --> 00:08:55,801
the crew contended
with "heavy weather".
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00:08:55,801 --> 00:08:59,205
But there's no indication of
danger in the final entry.
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00:08:59,205 --> 00:09:02,108
In his last log
from November 25,
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00:09:02,108 --> 00:09:05,077
Captain Briggs describes having
made it through a storm
200
00:09:05,077 --> 00:09:08,180
the night before and
settling in calm seas.
201
00:09:10,149 --> 00:09:13,853
Adam Bunch: Plus, the cabin's
skylight was left propped open,
202
00:09:13,853 --> 00:09:16,188
which obviously
would've let water in.
203
00:09:16,188 --> 00:09:19,392
So if they were preparing
for a terrible storm,
204
00:09:19,392 --> 00:09:20,927
why leave that open?
205
00:09:28,634 --> 00:09:31,003
Narrator: A deeper look into the
Mary Celeste's history
206
00:09:31,003 --> 00:09:33,606
led some to believe
that the ship suffered
207
00:09:33,606 --> 00:09:35,875
some sort of mechanical failure.
208
00:09:37,310 --> 00:09:39,712
Alison Leonard: Before the Mary
Celeste was loaded with alcohol,
209
00:09:39,712 --> 00:09:41,747
she had been used for
transporting coal,
210
00:09:41,747 --> 00:09:43,282
which is known for its dust.
211
00:09:43,282 --> 00:09:46,218
The pumps on the vessel might
have been clogged by coal dust
212
00:09:46,218 --> 00:09:47,887
from a previous voyage.
213
00:09:47,887 --> 00:09:50,790
We also know that one of its two
pumps had been disassembled.
214
00:09:53,125 --> 00:09:55,061
Adam Bunch: A sounding rod,
which is used to measure
215
00:09:55,061 --> 00:09:59,432
the amount of water in the hold,
was discovered on deck,
216
00:09:59,432 --> 00:10:01,500
which suggests it had been
used just before
217
00:10:01,500 --> 00:10:03,169
the ship was abandoned.
218
00:10:03,169 --> 00:10:06,305
So one theory is that
maybe a faulty reading
219
00:10:06,305 --> 00:10:09,909
of the sounding rod combined
with an ineffective pump,
220
00:10:09,909 --> 00:10:13,779
could have convinced Captain
Briggs the ship was sinking.
221
00:10:13,779 --> 00:10:16,716
So maybe that's why he
ordered it abandoned
222
00:10:16,716 --> 00:10:19,018
near the last land he sighted,
223
00:10:19,018 --> 00:10:21,554
the Island of
Santa Maria in the Azores.
224
00:10:23,289 --> 00:10:24,991
Alison Leonard: But the
Mary Celeste was still afloat
225
00:10:24,991 --> 00:10:27,259
and in seaworthy shape
when it was found.
226
00:10:27,259 --> 00:10:30,096
So, panicking over fear of her
sinking doesn't seem likely.
227
00:10:32,365 --> 00:10:37,269
Narrator: Of the 1,701 barrels
of industrial alcohol on board,
228
00:10:37,269 --> 00:10:39,405
nine were found empty.
229
00:10:39,405 --> 00:10:42,041
This discovery points
to a different,
230
00:10:42,041 --> 00:10:45,144
and possibly far more
dangerous explanation.
231
00:10:46,212 --> 00:10:48,381
James Ellis: These particular
barrels, unlike the rest,
232
00:10:48,381 --> 00:10:51,951
were crafted from red oak,
which is a more porous wood
233
00:10:51,951 --> 00:10:54,754
than the sturdy white oak
used for the others.
234
00:10:55,454 --> 00:10:57,056
This distinction is crucial,
235
00:10:57,056 --> 00:11:00,259
as red oak is far more
prone to leakage.
236
00:11:00,259 --> 00:11:04,230
The slow, silent seepage of
alcohol could have created
237
00:11:04,230 --> 00:11:06,332
a dangerous build-up of fumes.
238
00:11:08,234 --> 00:11:09,869
Anthea Nardi: Nine barrels
may not sound like a lot,
239
00:11:09,869 --> 00:11:11,804
but that's about 300 gallons!
240
00:11:11,804 --> 00:11:13,706
If the alcohol leaked
and was absorbed
241
00:11:13,706 --> 00:11:15,141
into the walls of the ship,
242
00:11:15,141 --> 00:11:18,177
this would have created a highly
flammable environment.
243
00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:21,947
Even the vapors are
highly explosive.
244
00:11:21,947 --> 00:11:24,350
In a ship made
entirely of timber,
245
00:11:24,350 --> 00:11:26,485
and likely lit by oil lamps,
246
00:11:26,485 --> 00:11:28,354
fire would have been
the biggest fear.
247
00:11:29,922 --> 00:11:31,757
Narrator:
According to Briggs' log,
248
00:11:31,757 --> 00:11:35,361
on the night of November 24th,
a storm swept in,
249
00:11:35,361 --> 00:11:38,531
battering the ship, and
sending the barrels of alcohol
250
00:11:38,531 --> 00:11:40,700
in the hold tumbling about.
251
00:11:41,901 --> 00:11:43,636
Alison Leonard: And as the
Mary Celeste neared the Azores,
252
00:11:43,636 --> 00:11:45,538
the air would have grown warmer,
253
00:11:45,538 --> 00:11:47,073
and with all that
movement below deck,
254
00:11:47,073 --> 00:11:49,208
alcohol vapors could
have begun to rise.
255
00:11:49,208 --> 00:11:51,077
Combine that with the
higher temperatures,
256
00:11:51,077 --> 00:11:52,912
and it's very possible
that small,
257
00:11:52,912 --> 00:11:54,814
volatile explosions
were occurring.
258
00:11:57,450 --> 00:12:00,286
James Ellis: It's also possible
that Captain Briggs heard
259
00:12:00,286 --> 00:12:03,856
some of this in the hold and
ordered the hatches thrown open
260
00:12:03,856 --> 00:12:05,958
to let the fumes escape.
261
00:12:05,958 --> 00:12:09,195
This would also explain why
the skylight was left open.
262
00:12:09,195 --> 00:12:11,931
As fumes poured out
of the hatchways,
263
00:12:11,931 --> 00:12:14,834
rumbling noises would have
been heard from the stern
264
00:12:14,834 --> 00:12:18,170
and the escaping vapour
could've resembled smoke.
265
00:12:19,972 --> 00:12:21,741
Anthea Nardi:
Captain Briggs, likely worried
266
00:12:21,741 --> 00:12:23,909
for the safety of
his wife and child,
267
00:12:23,909 --> 00:12:26,645
probably gave the order to
board the ship's lifeboat.
268
00:12:26,645 --> 00:12:28,681
In the rush, they may
have even removed
269
00:12:28,681 --> 00:12:30,116
part of the ship's railing
270
00:12:30,116 --> 00:12:32,184
to get everyone onto
the small boat quickly.
271
00:12:33,152 --> 00:12:34,987
Adam Bunch: They could have
secured a rope
272
00:12:34,987 --> 00:12:37,656
from the lifeboat to the
stern of the ship,
273
00:12:37,656 --> 00:12:40,893
planning to return once
the danger had passed.
274
00:12:40,893 --> 00:12:43,028
But records show
that wind picked up
275
00:12:43,028 --> 00:12:46,665
right around that time,
stirring up rough seas.
276
00:12:46,665 --> 00:12:50,336
So maybe a rogue wave
overturned the lifeboat,
277
00:12:50,336 --> 00:12:51,971
or the tow line snapped,
278
00:12:51,971 --> 00:12:55,274
leaving the crew at the
mercy of the elements.
279
00:12:55,274 --> 00:12:57,910
They would have been
essentially, doomed.
280
00:12:57,910 --> 00:13:00,746
The truth is, we'll
never know for sure.
281
00:13:07,119 --> 00:13:10,823
Narrator: Ultimately, the Mary
Celeste was discovered intact,
282
00:13:10,823 --> 00:13:13,259
but that doesn't mean
the crew wasn't reacting
283
00:13:13,259 --> 00:13:16,228
to a very real
threat in their eyes,
284
00:13:16,228 --> 00:13:19,431
whether it was imminent
danger or imagined.
285
00:13:19,431 --> 00:13:23,669
Without more evidence, what
happened may remain as lost
286
00:13:23,669 --> 00:13:26,806
as the ship was,
on that foggy December day,
287
00:13:26,806 --> 00:13:29,842
in the vastness of
the Atlantic Ocean.
288
00:13:33,512 --> 00:13:44,290
♪♪
289
00:13:44,290 --> 00:13:49,461
Narrator: 1941, 3 million
Nazi soldiers flooded
290
00:13:49,461 --> 00:13:50,963
into the Soviet Union,
291
00:13:50,963 --> 00:13:53,999
looting tens of thousands
of art treasures.
292
00:13:55,568 --> 00:13:58,571
In Pushkin, the staff of
Catherine Palace
293
00:13:58,571 --> 00:14:02,241
had already removed and hidden
all the valuables they could.
294
00:14:02,241 --> 00:14:06,145
But the one thing deemed too
large and precious to move,
295
00:14:06,145 --> 00:14:08,414
the palace's greatest treasure,
296
00:14:08,414 --> 00:14:10,883
had been cleverly camouflaged.
297
00:14:12,685 --> 00:14:14,753
James Ellis: The Nazis
stormed the palace
298
00:14:14,753 --> 00:14:17,022
and took the most valuable of
the few artworks
299
00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:18,891
the Russians left behind,
300
00:14:18,891 --> 00:14:21,126
and turned the building
into a barracks.
301
00:14:21,126 --> 00:14:24,296
Then, a couple of soldiers
noticed a room
302
00:14:24,296 --> 00:14:27,433
on the first floor that
seemed out of place.
303
00:14:27,433 --> 00:14:29,034
Sand covered its floor,
304
00:14:29,034 --> 00:14:32,304
and the walls seemed to be
made of muslin and cotton.
305
00:14:34,173 --> 00:14:35,941
Anthea Nardi: One soldier
picked at the fabric
306
00:14:35,941 --> 00:14:38,177
and discovered it
was a false wall.
307
00:14:38,177 --> 00:14:41,013
Behind it was a dazzling,
intricate mosaic
308
00:14:41,013 --> 00:14:43,749
of thousands of pieces
of carved amber,
309
00:14:43,749 --> 00:14:45,584
mother of pearl,
and gilt-wood trim.
310
00:14:48,053 --> 00:14:50,789
Amma Agbedor: The Nazis tore all
four walls down,
311
00:14:50,789 --> 00:14:54,293
revealing a 590-square-foot room
312
00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:58,330
with 13,000 pounds
of sculpted amber,
313
00:14:58,330 --> 00:15:02,501
along with other semiprecious
stones covering its walls.
314
00:15:03,702 --> 00:15:06,038
There were also
dozens of chandeliers,
315
00:15:06,038 --> 00:15:10,743
gilt-framed mirrors, and a
ceiling over 20 feet high.
316
00:15:11,377 --> 00:15:15,781
This is what the palace staff
had tried desperately to hide:
317
00:15:15,781 --> 00:15:18,217
the "Eighth Wonder
of the World";
318
00:15:18,217 --> 00:15:22,488
Russia's two-and-a-half
century-old Amber Room.
319
00:15:25,858 --> 00:15:27,593
Adam Bunch: By early 1944,
320
00:15:27,593 --> 00:15:29,128
the momentum of the war
321
00:15:29,128 --> 00:15:31,096
had turned and the Nazis left
322
00:15:31,096 --> 00:15:32,798
the Catherine Palace.
323
00:15:32,798 --> 00:15:35,968
Soviet staff returned
to a big empty room,
324
00:15:35,968 --> 00:15:38,003
just bare walls and floor,
325
00:15:38,003 --> 00:15:40,572
where the
Amber Room used to be.
326
00:15:41,707 --> 00:15:44,310
It must have been
absolutely crushing.
327
00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:47,046
This unique piece
of Russian history
328
00:15:47,046 --> 00:15:50,282
had been stolen.
The entire room!
329
00:15:51,150 --> 00:15:53,619
Where in the world
had the Nazis taken it?
330
00:15:56,221 --> 00:15:57,856
Narrator: Catherine Palace
had not been
331
00:15:57,856 --> 00:15:59,992
the Amber Room's original home.
332
00:16:01,627 --> 00:16:04,263
It had started in
Berlin in 1701,
333
00:16:04,263 --> 00:16:06,899
as a project to please
Sophie Charlotte,
334
00:16:06,899 --> 00:16:09,335
the spouse of Friedrich I.
335
00:16:10,736 --> 00:16:12,371
James Ellis:
Over the next 13 years,
336
00:16:12,371 --> 00:16:15,541
a German sculptor conceived
and oversaw the creation
337
00:16:15,541 --> 00:16:19,144
of a whole room sheathed
and encrusted in amber,
338
00:16:19,144 --> 00:16:22,915
close to a thousand pounds
of it, intricately sculpted,
339
00:16:22,915 --> 00:16:25,551
and backed in gold and silver
leaf to make it
340
00:16:25,551 --> 00:16:27,186
shimmer in candlelight.
341
00:16:28,854 --> 00:16:31,390
Anthea Nardi: By 1716,
Friedrich I's son,
342
00:16:31,390 --> 00:16:34,493
King Frederick William,
found himself low on money
343
00:16:34,493 --> 00:16:37,529
and facing a visit from someone
he wanted to make an ally,
344
00:16:37,529 --> 00:16:39,665
Tsar Peter I of Russia.
345
00:16:40,332 --> 00:16:42,835
It was customary for
royals to exchange gifts,
346
00:16:42,835 --> 00:16:45,971
but Frederick William didn't
want to go to any great expense,
347
00:16:45,971 --> 00:16:48,107
so he decided to give
Peter the Amber Room,
348
00:16:48,107 --> 00:16:49,408
and the Tsar had it carted off
349
00:16:49,408 --> 00:16:51,543
to his Winter Palace
in St. Petersburg.
350
00:16:57,049 --> 00:16:59,651
Adam Bunch:
30 years after Peter's death,
351
00:16:59,651 --> 00:17:01,453
the room was moved again.
352
00:17:01,453 --> 00:17:04,923
This time, to the
Catherine Palace, in Pushkin.
353
00:17:04,923 --> 00:17:06,725
His daughter, Czarina Elizabeth,
354
00:17:06,725 --> 00:17:10,129
hired an Italian architect
to rework it and expand it,
355
00:17:10,129 --> 00:17:12,564
to fit its new,
much bigger home.
356
00:17:14,199 --> 00:17:15,601
James Ellis: That was
when the Amber Room grew
357
00:17:15,601 --> 00:17:19,438
from 180 square feet to
almost 600 square feet.
358
00:17:19,438 --> 00:17:22,741
Twelve thousand pounds
of amber were added;
359
00:17:22,741 --> 00:17:26,311
now, a total of six tons of
it encrusted the walls.
360
00:17:31,483 --> 00:17:33,986
Narrator: Within 36
hours of finding it,
361
00:17:33,986 --> 00:17:36,088
the Nazis had dismantled
the Amber Room
362
00:17:36,088 --> 00:17:37,689
into its various panels;
363
00:17:37,689 --> 00:17:39,158
packed it all into crates
364
00:17:39,158 --> 00:17:41,260
and transported it to
Konigsberg,
365
00:17:41,260 --> 00:17:43,295
modern-day Kaliningrad,
366
00:17:43,295 --> 00:17:45,998
where it was installed in
Konigsberg Castle
367
00:17:45,998 --> 00:17:48,200
for the German public to admire.
368
00:17:49,501 --> 00:17:51,937
Anthea Nardi: Konigsberg
was a Nazi stronghold.
369
00:17:51,937 --> 00:17:54,807
And in August of 1944,
the Allies launched
370
00:17:54,807 --> 00:17:57,042
a devastating air raid
on the Castle.
371
00:17:58,644 --> 00:18:01,747
Even the sections still
standing were in bad shape.
372
00:18:03,615 --> 00:18:06,652
The Soviets raced to the
site and scoured the ruins,
373
00:18:06,652 --> 00:18:09,922
hoping the Amber Room might
have escaped the barrage.
374
00:18:09,922 --> 00:18:11,690
But they found
no evidence of it.
375
00:18:13,859 --> 00:18:16,128
James Ellis:
Amber will burn in a fire,
376
00:18:16,128 --> 00:18:18,230
but it leaves a sticky residue.
377
00:18:18,230 --> 00:18:21,433
No such traces were
found anywhere.
378
00:18:21,433 --> 00:18:24,970
It seemed the Nazis must have
moved the Amber Room
379
00:18:24,970 --> 00:18:27,706
out of Konigsberg
before the air raid.
380
00:18:27,706 --> 00:18:30,342
But if so, what could
they have done with it?
381
00:18:35,881 --> 00:18:38,117
Narrator: In April of 1945,
382
00:18:38,117 --> 00:18:41,320
Allied forces sweeping through
Thuringia, Germany
383
00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:45,691
received a tip that led them to
investigate a local salt mine.
384
00:18:46,959 --> 00:18:49,795
A unit boarded an elevator
that plunged
385
00:18:49,795 --> 00:18:52,631
2,100 feet below the surface.
386
00:18:53,432 --> 00:18:55,601
Anthea Nardi: They came upon
a huge steel vault door,
387
00:18:55,601 --> 00:18:59,505
blasted it open, and found one
hundred tons of gold bars
388
00:18:59,505 --> 00:19:03,375
and personal effects stolen from
concentration camp victims.
389
00:19:03,375 --> 00:19:06,278
There were crates full of
various paper currencies,
390
00:19:06,278 --> 00:19:09,181
and an enormous hoard
of stolen art.
391
00:19:10,682 --> 00:19:13,986
They also found a large
number of museum pieces
392
00:19:13,986 --> 00:19:16,288
and wall-mounted silver
candelabras,
393
00:19:16,288 --> 00:19:17,523
labelled in Russian.
394
00:19:18,824 --> 00:19:20,959
Amma Agbedor: One of the
investigators on the trail
395
00:19:20,959 --> 00:19:22,995
of the Amber Room
had calculated,
396
00:19:22,995 --> 00:19:25,330
based on its design
and descriptions
397
00:19:25,330 --> 00:19:26,698
of the finished room,
398
00:19:26,698 --> 00:19:31,270
that it must have been
equipped with 132 candelabras.
399
00:19:31,270 --> 00:19:34,840
And the number of candelabras
found at the Mine?
400
00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:37,409
132.
401
00:19:40,445 --> 00:19:42,648
Adam Bunch: The trove of stolen
treasures was searched
402
00:19:42,648 --> 00:19:44,816
but they didn't find any
other potential
403
00:19:44,816 --> 00:19:46,752
parts of the Amber Room.
404
00:19:46,752 --> 00:19:49,922
And they didn't find any proof
that those candelabras
405
00:19:49,922 --> 00:19:52,457
were from the Amber Room either.
406
00:19:52,457 --> 00:19:55,427
But since the number matches,
it would have to be
407
00:19:55,427 --> 00:19:57,262
a pretty big coincidence.
408
00:20:02,534 --> 00:20:05,871
Narrator: Around the time of the
Allied air raid on Konigsberg,
409
00:20:05,871 --> 00:20:08,373
another major event occurred.
410
00:20:08,373 --> 00:20:11,643
This one, with horribly
tragic consequences,
411
00:20:11,643 --> 00:20:14,513
and a possible connection
to the Amber Room...
412
00:20:15,781 --> 00:20:18,016
Amma Agbedor: It was
pretty clear at that point
413
00:20:18,016 --> 00:20:20,085
that the Nazis
were losing the war.
414
00:20:20,085 --> 00:20:24,022
Soviet troops were pressing in,
surrounding Konigsberg.
415
00:20:24,723 --> 00:20:27,492
For hundreds of thousands
of German civilians,
416
00:20:27,492 --> 00:20:30,896
the only possible route to
escape the Red Army
417
00:20:30,896 --> 00:20:32,831
was via the Baltic Sea.
418
00:20:33,532 --> 00:20:35,834
But Hitler wouldn't allow it.
419
00:20:37,469 --> 00:20:41,673
Adam Bunch: Hitler's directive
was, "no surrender, no retreat."
420
00:20:41,673 --> 00:20:45,077
But the German navy
disobeyed that order,
421
00:20:45,077 --> 00:20:47,546
launching a secret
humanitarian mission,
422
00:20:47,546 --> 00:20:49,948
called "Operation Hannibal,"
423
00:20:49,948 --> 00:20:53,452
one of the biggest seaborne
evacuations in history.
424
00:20:54,987 --> 00:20:56,355
James Ellis:
A steady stream of ships,
425
00:20:56,355 --> 00:20:58,757
crammed with fleeing
German civilians
426
00:20:58,757 --> 00:21:01,426
and all the precious belongings
they could carry,
427
00:21:01,426 --> 00:21:03,962
sailed off one after the other,
428
00:21:03,962 --> 00:21:07,699
taking their chances against
the Soviet warships and planes.
429
00:21:09,301 --> 00:21:11,336
Anthea Nardi: Up to two
million German civilians
430
00:21:11,336 --> 00:21:13,972
were ultimately ferried out
of ports on the Baltic,
431
00:21:13,972 --> 00:21:17,809
to escape internment or death
at the hands of the Red Army.
432
00:21:17,809 --> 00:21:21,446
Many of them left via
Pilawa, Konigsberg's port.
433
00:21:21,446 --> 00:21:24,316
So could the crates holding the
Amber Room's panels
434
00:21:24,316 --> 00:21:25,884
have been among their cargo?
435
00:21:28,086 --> 00:21:29,321
Narrator:
The overwhelming majority
436
00:21:29,321 --> 00:21:31,023
of Operation Hannibal's ships
437
00:21:31,023 --> 00:21:32,758
made it out safely;
438
00:21:32,758 --> 00:21:35,294
but, some did not.
439
00:21:37,229 --> 00:21:39,765
Amma Agbedor: The SS Karlsruhe
left Konigsberg
440
00:21:39,765 --> 00:21:42,701
on April 11, 1945,
441
00:21:42,701 --> 00:21:46,538
heavily loaded with
1,083 souls on board,
442
00:21:46,538 --> 00:21:49,341
almost all civilian refugees,
443
00:21:49,341 --> 00:21:54,946
and 360 tons of unspecified
goods, packed in crates.
444
00:21:55,781 --> 00:21:58,483
Hours into its voyage,
Russian planes
445
00:21:58,483 --> 00:22:00,986
spotted the ship, attacked,
446
00:22:00,986 --> 00:22:04,589
and the Karlsruhe sank in
less than three minutes,
447
00:22:04,589 --> 00:22:08,727
taking all but 113 of
those on board with it.
448
00:22:08,727 --> 00:22:13,565
Maybe the Amber Room was also
lost to the sea that day.
449
00:22:17,069 --> 00:22:20,706
James Ellis: But in 2020,
the SS Karlsruhe was located
450
00:22:20,706 --> 00:22:24,376
and positively identified
lying virtually intact,
451
00:22:24,376 --> 00:22:27,379
at a depth of about 290 feet.
452
00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,483
Divers found shoes, belts,
and other personal effects
453
00:22:31,483 --> 00:22:33,352
of the hundreds that perished,
454
00:22:33,352 --> 00:22:35,821
but no sign of the Amber Room.
455
00:22:35,821 --> 00:22:40,959
♪♪
456
00:22:42,828 --> 00:22:42,928
♪♪
457
00:22:42,928 --> 00:22:44,062
♪♪
458
00:22:44,062 --> 00:22:47,099
Narrator: Over half a century
after it was last seen,
459
00:22:47,099 --> 00:22:50,702
the strongest evidence for the
Amber Room's possible survival
460
00:22:50,702 --> 00:22:53,505
emerged out of Bremen, Germany.
461
00:22:54,773 --> 00:22:58,710
James Ellis: In 1997, a mystery
person calling himself "Mr. X"
462
00:22:58,710 --> 00:23:01,613
advertised that he was
selling an antique jeweled
463
00:23:01,613 --> 00:23:04,983
Florentine mosaic
called "Feel and Touch."
464
00:23:04,983 --> 00:23:08,153
The Amber Room was said
to have had four mosaics,
465
00:23:08,153 --> 00:23:10,522
based on all the senses.
466
00:23:12,257 --> 00:23:13,492
Anthea Nardi:
Word of the attempted sale
467
00:23:13,492 --> 00:23:16,261
set off alarm bells and the
German authorities moved in
468
00:23:16,261 --> 00:23:17,796
to apprehend the seller.
469
00:23:17,796 --> 00:23:21,500
It turned out he was the son of
a now-deceased German soldier
470
00:23:21,500 --> 00:23:24,269
who'd told him he'd been one of
the soldiers ordered to
471
00:23:24,269 --> 00:23:27,139
pack up the Amber Room and
transport it out of Konigsberg.
472
00:23:28,607 --> 00:23:30,575
Amma Agbedor:
Experts examined the mosaic
473
00:23:30,575 --> 00:23:34,279
and conclusively determined
that it was authentic.
474
00:23:34,279 --> 00:23:38,417
So it appears that the Amber
Room - or at least some of it -
475
00:23:38,417 --> 00:23:40,485
did survive the war.
476
00:23:40,485 --> 00:23:44,322
Maybe the rest of it is
still out there somewhere.
477
00:23:44,322 --> 00:23:46,425
♪♪
478
00:23:48,293 --> 00:23:49,394
♪♪
479
00:23:49,394 --> 00:23:51,863
Narrator:
62 years after it vanished,
480
00:23:51,863 --> 00:23:54,733
the Catherine Palace
got its Amber Room back,
481
00:23:54,733 --> 00:23:57,936
a replica that took
25 years to make
482
00:23:57,936 --> 00:24:02,474
and incorporated the stolen and
recovered, Florentine Mosaic.
483
00:24:03,875 --> 00:24:06,912
The original Amber Room
may yet one day turn up.
484
00:24:06,912 --> 00:24:10,315
But until it does, the replica
is there to remind us
485
00:24:10,315 --> 00:24:12,551
of timeless artistic beauty
486
00:24:12,551 --> 00:24:15,086
destroyed by the horrors of war.
487
00:24:15,086 --> 00:24:17,956
♪♪
488
00:24:20,258 --> 00:24:29,568
♪♪
489
00:24:29,568 --> 00:24:32,871
Narrator: May 29, 1925.
490
00:24:32,871 --> 00:24:36,975
Percy Fawcett, the last of
"the great Victorian explorers"
491
00:24:36,975 --> 00:24:39,811
assured his wife
of success on this,
492
00:24:39,811 --> 00:24:43,548
his eighth attempt to find
an ancient Amazonian city
493
00:24:43,548 --> 00:24:47,085
he referred to as
"The Lost City of Z".
494
00:24:48,253 --> 00:24:50,822
A. Leonard: Fawcett was already
world-famous at this time.
495
00:24:50,822 --> 00:24:53,358
His previous adventures had
inspired Arthur Conan Doyle's
496
00:24:53,358 --> 00:24:55,093
novel "The Lost World."
497
00:24:55,093 --> 00:24:57,462
By most accounts, he had
exceptional intelligence
498
00:24:57,462 --> 00:25:00,398
and stamina; he was
charismatic and determined,
499
00:25:00,398 --> 00:25:01,867
and apparently, pretty fearless.
500
00:25:06,338 --> 00:25:08,406
A. Agbedor: In February of 1925,
501
00:25:08,406 --> 00:25:11,343
Fawcett, his 21-year-old son
Jack,
502
00:25:11,343 --> 00:25:13,378
and his friend Raleigh Rimell
503
00:25:13,378 --> 00:25:16,748
arrived at Corumbá,
Bolivia by train.
504
00:25:16,748 --> 00:25:22,354
They and two local laborers
then trekked 250 miles
505
00:25:22,354 --> 00:25:25,090
north-northeast to Cuiabá,
506
00:25:25,090 --> 00:25:29,694
then almost dead-straight
for another 280 miles,
507
00:25:29,694 --> 00:25:33,665
to a place Fawcett dubbed
"Dead Horse Camp."
508
00:25:34,900 --> 00:25:36,268
James Ellis: While at
Dead Horse Camp,
509
00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:39,404
Fawcett penned updates for
the various newspapers
510
00:25:39,404 --> 00:25:40,672
he had agreements with,
511
00:25:40,672 --> 00:25:43,775
and wrote his wife Nina
a letter, saying,
512
00:25:43,775 --> 00:25:46,645
"You need have no fear
of any failure."
513
00:25:47,245 --> 00:25:50,015
He sent local runners
off to post everything,
514
00:25:50,015 --> 00:25:53,218
and then he and his party
crossed the Upper Xingu River,
515
00:25:53,218 --> 00:25:56,254
and disappeared, never
to be heard from again.
516
00:25:58,089 --> 00:25:59,691
So what happened to them?
517
00:25:59,691 --> 00:26:02,627
And did the
Lost City of Z even exist?
518
00:26:04,829 --> 00:26:07,899
Narrator: Percy Fawcett
was born in 1867,
519
00:26:07,899 --> 00:26:10,001
in Torquay, Devon, England.
520
00:26:10,001 --> 00:26:13,605
At 19 years old, he joined
the Royal Artillery,
521
00:26:13,605 --> 00:26:16,141
and got his start
as a world traveler,
522
00:26:16,141 --> 00:26:19,110
sent to various outposts
of the British Empire.
523
00:26:20,979 --> 00:26:22,881
Alison Leonard: In 1901,
Fawcett became a member
524
00:26:22,881 --> 00:26:25,116
of the Royal Geographical
Society of London,
525
00:26:25,116 --> 00:26:27,185
and travelled to Africa
as a surveyor.
526
00:26:27,185 --> 00:26:29,654
Five years later, he was
sent to map the territory
527
00:26:29,654 --> 00:26:31,957
bordering Bolivia and Brazil.
528
00:26:31,957 --> 00:26:33,825
And that was really when
his life changed.
529
00:26:37,529 --> 00:26:39,064
♪♪
530
00:26:39,064 --> 00:26:41,600
Adam Bunch: Fawcett would
have seen how badly
531
00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:43,301
the Amazon's indigenous people
532
00:26:43,301 --> 00:26:44,502
were being mistreated
533
00:26:44,502 --> 00:26:45,971
by the rubber barons,
534
00:26:45,971 --> 00:26:48,773
who were there
making vast fortunes.
535
00:26:48,773 --> 00:26:50,609
So he tried to build a
different kind of
536
00:26:50,609 --> 00:26:51,876
relationship with them.
537
00:26:53,345 --> 00:26:56,214
Amma Agbedor: Fawcett heard
accounts of past civilizations
538
00:26:56,214 --> 00:26:59,417
that had built great cities
in the jungle,
539
00:26:59,417 --> 00:27:01,653
and saw what he perceived to be
540
00:27:01,653 --> 00:27:04,623
signs of these cities
in the topography.
541
00:27:04,623 --> 00:27:07,225
He also found what he
believed were shards
542
00:27:07,225 --> 00:27:10,996
of centuries-old pottery,
scattered in the forests.
543
00:27:12,998 --> 00:27:15,934
James Ellis: The 1925 expedition
centered on Brazil's
544
00:27:15,934 --> 00:27:18,770
Mato Grosso, or "great woods"
545
00:27:18,770 --> 00:27:21,072
a challenging and
perilous environment,
546
00:27:21,072 --> 00:27:24,309
and one of the last
frontier areas in the world.
547
00:27:24,943 --> 00:27:28,013
In his last letter to his wife,
Fawcett wrote:
548
00:27:28,013 --> 00:27:31,282
"We hope to get through this
region in a few days."
549
00:27:31,282 --> 00:27:34,219
Referring to the area
beyond Dead Horse Camp.
550
00:27:36,655 --> 00:27:39,758
Two years went by with
no word from Fawcett
551
00:27:39,758 --> 00:27:41,660
and even though Nina claimed
552
00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:44,262
she wasn't worried
about him, or her son,
553
00:27:44,262 --> 00:27:45,764
others were.
554
00:27:49,034 --> 00:27:50,568
♪♪
555
00:27:50,568 --> 00:27:52,937
Narrator: By January of 1927,
556
00:27:52,937 --> 00:27:55,707
the Royal Geographical Society
of London
557
00:27:55,707 --> 00:27:58,410
announced it would back any
competent explorer
558
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:00,412
willing to search for Fawcett.
559
00:28:00,412 --> 00:28:03,515
They made no indication
as to what they thought
560
00:28:03,515 --> 00:28:05,083
might have happened to him.
561
00:28:06,818 --> 00:28:07,886
Alison Leonard:
The most likely scenario,
562
00:28:07,886 --> 00:28:09,287
if you're playing the odds,
563
00:28:09,287 --> 00:28:11,756
would have been that Fawcett
was on a "fool's errand;"
564
00:28:11,756 --> 00:28:13,658
he went into the jungle
searching for a myth
565
00:28:13,658 --> 00:28:15,860
that had never existed,
saying he wouldn't return
566
00:28:15,860 --> 00:28:17,295
until he'd found it.
567
00:28:18,830 --> 00:28:21,066
The only two logical
outcomes of that are,
568
00:28:21,066 --> 00:28:23,001
you search a really long time,
569
00:28:23,001 --> 00:28:24,703
only to come back
and eat your words,
570
00:28:24,703 --> 00:28:26,938
or... you don't
come back at all.
571
00:28:26,938 --> 00:28:30,408
♪♪
572
00:28:31,910 --> 00:28:33,745
Adam Bunch: From the beginning,
many people believed
573
00:28:33,745 --> 00:28:36,748
the lost "City of Z"
had never existed.
574
00:28:36,748 --> 00:28:38,583
For one thing, in
Fawcett's time,
575
00:28:38,583 --> 00:28:42,087
it's estimated there may have
only been about 200,000 people
576
00:28:42,087 --> 00:28:44,923
living in the
entire Amazon rainforest.
577
00:28:44,923 --> 00:28:48,293
So people questioned why there
would have been a big city
578
00:28:48,293 --> 00:28:51,629
with a large population
centuries earlier,
579
00:28:51,629 --> 00:28:54,165
but not in 1925?
580
00:28:56,234 --> 00:28:58,870
Amma Agbedor: It was also well
known that the Amazon soil
581
00:28:58,870 --> 00:29:01,206
wasn't suitable for
large-scale farming,
582
00:29:01,206 --> 00:29:03,441
something that would've
been required
583
00:29:03,441 --> 00:29:05,376
to sustain a large population.
584
00:29:05,376 --> 00:29:07,746
♪♪
585
00:29:09,013 --> 00:29:10,782
♪♪
586
00:29:10,782 --> 00:29:12,951
Narrator: In the years after
Fawcett's disappearance
587
00:29:12,951 --> 00:29:16,421
at least 13 expeditions
set out looking for him,
588
00:29:16,421 --> 00:29:19,324
of which approximately
a hundred people died,
589
00:29:19,324 --> 00:29:21,126
or simply went missing.
590
00:29:22,861 --> 00:29:26,164
The high cost in human life
makes another theory
591
00:29:26,164 --> 00:29:29,167
some have put forward,
that much more troubling.
592
00:29:31,202 --> 00:29:34,506
Adam Bunch: Fawcett and his
party spent about five months
593
00:29:34,506 --> 00:29:35,840
at Dead Horse Camp,
594
00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:38,176
kind of a long time
to be hanging around.
595
00:29:38,176 --> 00:29:40,311
And from there,
he sent the updates
596
00:29:40,311 --> 00:29:43,348
to the international news
syndicates and his wife,
597
00:29:43,348 --> 00:29:46,584
making sure to include the
camp's coordinates,
598
00:29:46,584 --> 00:29:51,790
but he gave the press and his
wife different coordinates.
599
00:29:53,892 --> 00:29:56,394
Amma Agbedor: If people
have the wrong coordinates
600
00:29:56,394 --> 00:29:58,530
for your last known position,
601
00:29:58,530 --> 00:30:02,100
you're going to be a lot harder
to find, if you go missing.
602
00:30:02,100 --> 00:30:04,369
So is that what Fawcett wanted?
603
00:30:06,805 --> 00:30:08,306
James Ellis:
He had actually warned people
604
00:30:08,306 --> 00:30:11,676
that he was expecting to be
away for a very long time,
605
00:30:11,676 --> 00:30:13,945
and even told them,
'If I go missing,
606
00:30:13,945 --> 00:30:16,014
don't come looking for me'.
607
00:30:16,014 --> 00:30:17,982
It's entirely conceivable
608
00:30:17,982 --> 00:30:21,052
that Percy Fawcett did
not want to be found.
609
00:30:25,290 --> 00:30:27,125
Narrator: Decades later,
some of Fawcett's
610
00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:28,993
private journals and letters,
611
00:30:28,993 --> 00:30:31,529
including those in the
possession of his descendants,
612
00:30:31,529 --> 00:30:34,732
were accessed, and shed
new light on Fawcett's
613
00:30:34,732 --> 00:30:37,435
frame of mind,
and possible intentions.
614
00:30:39,237 --> 00:30:41,072
Alison Leonard: Regarding what
was then pejoratively termed
615
00:30:41,072 --> 00:30:44,075
"going native", adopting the
customs of the colonized people
616
00:30:44,075 --> 00:30:46,077
you were living amongst,
Fawcett wrote,
617
00:30:46,077 --> 00:30:48,246
"There is no disgrace in it.
618
00:30:48,246 --> 00:30:51,482
It shows creditable regard
for the real things in life."
619
00:30:52,317 --> 00:30:54,352
Also, some of Fawcett's
associates said he hoped
620
00:30:54,352 --> 00:30:57,422
one day to follow what he'd
called "the Grand Scheme",
621
00:30:57,422 --> 00:30:59,591
and set up a secret
community in the jungle.
622
00:31:01,993 --> 00:31:04,729
Adam Bunch: But those who
knew Fawcett well felt
623
00:31:04,729 --> 00:31:07,332
he believed deeply
in the Lost City of Z
624
00:31:07,332 --> 00:31:10,468
and intentionally cutting
all ties with home
625
00:31:10,468 --> 00:31:13,037
would have meant he could
never prove to the world
626
00:31:13,037 --> 00:31:15,173
that the city existed.
627
00:31:15,173 --> 00:31:18,142
So whether or not he
wanted to go missing,
628
00:31:18,142 --> 00:31:20,745
people were still left
with the question:
629
00:31:20,745 --> 00:31:25,884
Did Percy Fawcett find the Lost
City of 'Z' before he died?
630
00:31:25,884 --> 00:31:28,453
And was there anything to find?
631
00:31:31,489 --> 00:31:33,258
Amma Agbedor:
It'd been hard to reconcile
632
00:31:33,258 --> 00:31:36,594
why Fawcett gave those two
conflicting coordinates
633
00:31:36,594 --> 00:31:40,365
for his last position when he
was at Dead Horse Camp.
634
00:31:40,365 --> 00:31:43,668
He may have been trying to
throw others off the path
635
00:31:43,668 --> 00:31:45,169
to protect himself,
636
00:31:45,169 --> 00:31:48,706
but it was also possible he
felt he was close
637
00:31:48,706 --> 00:31:50,408
to finding his Lost City,
638
00:31:50,408 --> 00:31:53,544
and wanted to make sure
others couldn't follow him.
639
00:31:56,381 --> 00:31:59,183
Narrator: In 2019,
archaeologists mounted
640
00:31:59,183 --> 00:32:01,486
a LIDAR scanner on a helicopter
641
00:32:01,486 --> 00:32:03,087
and flew multiple passes
642
00:32:03,087 --> 00:32:06,858
over Mato Grosso's
Llanos de Moxos savannah
643
00:32:06,858 --> 00:32:09,260
and made a discovery
nobody had expected.
644
00:32:12,130 --> 00:32:15,099
James Ellis: Along the Xingu
River in the same general area
645
00:32:15,099 --> 00:32:18,069
that Percy Fawcett was
focusing his search,
646
00:32:18,069 --> 00:32:20,672
the LIDAR revealed clear signs
647
00:32:20,672 --> 00:32:22,674
of a large network of
settlements,
648
00:32:22,674 --> 00:32:26,311
with carefully designed walls
and large earthen mounds
649
00:32:26,311 --> 00:32:28,646
arranged around circular plazas.
650
00:32:30,515 --> 00:32:32,116
Alison Leonard:
These ancient plaza towns
651
00:32:32,116 --> 00:32:34,819
were interconnected
by curbed roadways,
652
00:32:34,819 --> 00:32:38,056
30 to 50 feet across,
and miles long.
653
00:32:38,823 --> 00:32:41,759
The settlements, all within
an hour's walk of one another,
654
00:32:41,759 --> 00:32:45,296
dated back to between
200 and 1200 CE,
655
00:32:45,296 --> 00:32:47,432
and it's thought that they
were capable of housing
656
00:32:47,432 --> 00:32:49,567
up to 60,000 people!
657
00:32:49,567 --> 00:32:52,003
This flew in the face of all
we used to believe
658
00:32:52,003 --> 00:32:53,338
about the Amazon.
659
00:32:53,338 --> 00:32:58,009
♪♪
660
00:33:00,044 --> 00:33:01,579
Adam Bunch: And they did farm!
661
00:33:01,579 --> 00:33:05,249
There are patches of
extremely fertile soil,
662
00:33:05,249 --> 00:33:08,486
now referred to as terra
preta-"black earth."
663
00:33:08,486 --> 00:33:12,256
The ancient Amazonians created
this nutrient-rich soil
664
00:33:12,256 --> 00:33:15,860
over generations,
with manure, waste,
665
00:33:15,860 --> 00:33:17,662
by controlled
burns of the forest.
666
00:33:19,263 --> 00:33:22,200
Amma Agbedor: It's estimated
that as many as a million people
667
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:24,936
may have lived in this
network of settlements
668
00:33:24,936 --> 00:33:26,604
in Llanos de Moxos,
669
00:33:26,604 --> 00:33:28,539
making it even more populous
670
00:33:28,539 --> 00:33:31,442
than many European
cities at that time.
671
00:33:32,343 --> 00:33:35,413
These were the
Lost Cities of the Amazon!
672
00:33:35,413 --> 00:33:37,949
But, where did all
these people go?
673
00:33:37,949 --> 00:33:40,051
♪♪
674
00:33:40,918 --> 00:33:43,254
♪♪
675
00:33:43,254 --> 00:33:45,089
Narrator: In the 16th century,
676
00:33:45,089 --> 00:33:48,559
European colonizers flooded into
Central and South America
677
00:33:48,559 --> 00:33:51,262
and brought diseases
that the indigenous people
678
00:33:51,262 --> 00:33:53,431
had no defenses against.
679
00:33:54,298 --> 00:33:59,003
By the 19th century, up to 95%
of the indigenous population
680
00:33:59,003 --> 00:34:01,773
had died of smallpox
and measles.
681
00:34:04,075 --> 00:34:06,377
James Ellis: The Amazonians
didn't build with stone,
682
00:34:06,377 --> 00:34:09,047
so when the structures
they built were abandoned,
683
00:34:09,047 --> 00:34:11,949
they simply melted
back into the forest,
684
00:34:11,949 --> 00:34:14,485
making them extremely
difficult to locate
685
00:34:14,485 --> 00:34:17,121
without the help of
modern technology.
686
00:34:19,223 --> 00:34:20,992
Alison Leonard:
So, did Percy Fawcett find
687
00:34:20,992 --> 00:34:23,361
his Lost City of 'Z',
before he died?
688
00:34:24,829 --> 00:34:27,231
It looks like at least he was
looking in the right area,
689
00:34:27,231 --> 00:34:29,934
but it's impossible to
know how far he got.
690
00:34:29,934 --> 00:34:31,903
That doesn't mean we
won't ever find out;
691
00:34:31,903 --> 00:34:33,871
it just means we haven't, yet.
692
00:34:33,871 --> 00:34:36,641
He did keep journals, after all-
and he was a photographer.
693
00:34:36,641 --> 00:34:39,143
Just think of what
still might be out there,
694
00:34:39,143 --> 00:34:40,578
waiting to be discovered.
695
00:34:40,578 --> 00:34:43,314
♪♪
696
00:34:43,314 --> 00:34:44,649
Narrator: In the meantime,
697
00:34:44,649 --> 00:34:47,185
indigenous and international
researchers
698
00:34:47,185 --> 00:34:49,720
have plenty of exploration to do
699
00:34:49,720 --> 00:34:53,257
on more than a hundred newly
discovered settlement sites.
700
00:34:53,925 --> 00:34:56,260
Lost Cities, found,
701
00:34:56,260 --> 00:34:58,729
after lying silent in the jungle
702
00:34:58,729 --> 00:35:00,631
for hundreds of years.
703
00:35:05,603 --> 00:35:16,214
♪♪
704
00:35:16,214 --> 00:35:18,783
Narrator: October 9, 1216
705
00:35:19,617 --> 00:35:22,720
King John, one of the most
infamous monarchs
706
00:35:22,720 --> 00:35:26,357
in English history, was on the
run from rebellious barons
707
00:35:26,357 --> 00:35:28,526
and an invading French Prince.
708
00:35:31,162 --> 00:35:32,430
Anthea Nardi: As he fled,
he dragged with him
709
00:35:32,430 --> 00:35:35,466
a procession of carts - the
royal baggage train,
710
00:35:35,466 --> 00:35:38,436
loaded with gold, jewels,
and religious relics.
711
00:35:39,904 --> 00:35:42,740
James Ellis: Some accounts say
the convoy of 3,000 soldiers,
712
00:35:42,740 --> 00:35:45,309
servants and supporters
carried the Crown Jewels,
713
00:35:45,309 --> 00:35:47,345
along with other
priceless treasures,
714
00:35:47,345 --> 00:35:50,548
including the legendary
Sword of Tristram,
715
00:35:50,548 --> 00:35:54,585
a broken-tipped knight's blade
used as regalia at coronations.
716
00:35:57,889 --> 00:36:00,024
Alison Leonard: John's route
took him across the Wash.
717
00:36:00,024 --> 00:36:01,893
This is a treacherous,
tidal estuary
718
00:36:01,893 --> 00:36:03,895
on the Lincolnshire coast.
719
00:36:03,895 --> 00:36:05,596
And the Wash was a death trap,
720
00:36:05,596 --> 00:36:07,965
a shifting, sinking, and
suffocating quagmire
721
00:36:07,965 --> 00:36:09,967
of quicksand and rising water
722
00:36:09,967 --> 00:36:12,203
covering nearly 21 square miles.
723
00:36:12,203 --> 00:36:13,905
If you're caught
at the wrong time,
724
00:36:13,905 --> 00:36:15,640
the tide rushes in
and swallows you.
725
00:36:20,912 --> 00:36:22,980
Adam Bunch:
It was a risky path,
726
00:36:22,980 --> 00:36:24,749
but John was desperate.
727
00:36:24,749 --> 00:36:28,019
Rebels had invited
Prince Louis of France
728
00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:30,054
to take the English Crown,
729
00:36:30,054 --> 00:36:32,623
prompting John to flee
East Anglia.
730
00:36:32,623 --> 00:36:35,059
And it was during
that frantic escape,
731
00:36:35,059 --> 00:36:39,430
the King's treasure vanished
in the Wash without a trace.
732
00:36:39,430 --> 00:36:42,366
And eight centuries later,
we're still left wondering,
733
00:36:42,366 --> 00:36:43,668
what happened to it?
734
00:36:46,470 --> 00:36:49,006
Narrator: King John's reputation
was among the worst
735
00:36:49,006 --> 00:36:50,841
of any English monarch.
736
00:36:50,841 --> 00:36:53,010
He was known for his greed,
737
00:36:53,010 --> 00:36:54,912
cruelty, and incompetence.
738
00:36:56,547 --> 00:37:00,084
James Ellis: His reign was
marked by catastrophic failures,
739
00:37:00,084 --> 00:37:02,520
losing vast territories
that make up
740
00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:05,623
much of modern France
and even parts of England.
741
00:37:07,592 --> 00:37:11,095
Anthea Nardi: In 1204, King John
suffered a humiliating blow.
742
00:37:11,095 --> 00:37:13,698
He lost Normandy to
King Philip of France,
743
00:37:13,698 --> 00:37:16,901
ending England's centuries-old
claim to the territory.
744
00:37:18,202 --> 00:37:20,638
This was more than
a minor setback.
745
00:37:20,638 --> 00:37:24,342
It signalled the collapse of
the English Empire in France.
746
00:37:27,311 --> 00:37:29,113
Alison Leonard: By the 1210s,
John was facing enemies
747
00:37:29,113 --> 00:37:31,649
on all fronts, including
within his own ranks.
748
00:37:32,617 --> 00:37:34,952
His relentless cruelty
and heavy-handed rule,
749
00:37:34,952 --> 00:37:36,487
pushed his nobles to the brink.
750
00:37:37,655 --> 00:37:39,624
James Ellis: John stirred up
even more trouble
751
00:37:39,624 --> 00:37:42,159
when he refused to accept
Stephen Langton
752
00:37:42,159 --> 00:37:44,295
as the Archbishop of Canterbury,
753
00:37:44,295 --> 00:37:47,598
the top position in
the English Catholic Church.
754
00:37:48,299 --> 00:37:51,469
By doing so, he directly
challenged the authority
755
00:37:51,469 --> 00:37:53,638
of Pope Innocent III in Rome,
756
00:37:53,638 --> 00:37:56,507
who retaliated by
excommunicating him.
757
00:37:59,810 --> 00:38:03,414
Narrator: By 1215, King John
had made so many enemies,
758
00:38:03,414 --> 00:38:06,484
that a group of medieval
oligarchs took action,
759
00:38:06,484 --> 00:38:09,620
creating one of history's
most important documents:
760
00:38:09,620 --> 00:38:11,422
the Magna Carta.
761
00:38:13,324 --> 00:38:16,560
This charter was designed to
enforce political reforms
762
00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:19,330
and rein in John's
abuse of power,
763
00:38:19,330 --> 00:38:22,767
and ultimately became the
bedrock of English democracy.
764
00:38:22,767 --> 00:38:25,536
♪♪
765
00:38:27,371 --> 00:38:29,607
Anthea Nardi: But any hope
for peace was short-lived.
766
00:38:29,607 --> 00:38:32,710
John violated the Magna Carta
almost immediately
767
00:38:32,710 --> 00:38:34,412
and raised an army of
mercenaries,
768
00:38:34,412 --> 00:38:36,547
plunging the country into chaos.
769
00:38:39,250 --> 00:38:40,951
James Ellis: By October of 1216,
770
00:38:40,951 --> 00:38:43,287
the King was in dire straits.
771
00:38:43,287 --> 00:38:45,489
His reign was on the
brink of collapse.
772
00:38:45,489 --> 00:38:47,491
His forces were spread thin,
773
00:38:47,491 --> 00:38:50,761
and he was on the run with his
precious treasures in tow,
774
00:38:50,761 --> 00:38:53,564
as he attempted to
navigate the Wash.
775
00:38:55,633 --> 00:38:58,269
Adam Bunch: The Wash is
notoriously unpredictable,
776
00:38:58,269 --> 00:39:01,172
but it's also
surprisingly shallow,
777
00:39:01,172 --> 00:39:03,040
which just adds to the mystery.
778
00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:06,510
If King John really was
carrying all that treasure,
779
00:39:06,510 --> 00:39:09,814
why hasn't it been found
in more than 800 years?
780
00:39:09,814 --> 00:39:11,816
♪♪
781
00:39:12,616 --> 00:39:14,552
Alison Leonard: Maybe the
treasure didn't even exist.
782
00:39:14,552 --> 00:39:17,088
It's important to remember that
the medieval chroniclers
783
00:39:17,088 --> 00:39:18,456
who recorded King John's reign
784
00:39:18,456 --> 00:39:19,857
were often members
of the clergy,
785
00:39:19,857 --> 00:39:22,126
who had a deep
resentment toward John
786
00:39:22,126 --> 00:39:23,561
because he conflicted
with the Church.
787
00:39:25,029 --> 00:39:27,231
Adam Bunch: These accounts
would have been biased;
788
00:39:27,231 --> 00:39:31,635
and a story about him losing a
treasure in such a foolish way,
789
00:39:31,635 --> 00:39:34,605
would have fit perfectly with
their narrative of him
790
00:39:34,605 --> 00:39:37,641
as a cursed and inept ruler.
791
00:39:39,343 --> 00:39:41,212
James Ellis: We still
don't know with certainty
792
00:39:41,212 --> 00:39:42,980
that any treasure disappeared;
793
00:39:42,980 --> 00:39:45,750
the carriage that was lost
could have been filled
794
00:39:45,750 --> 00:39:48,085
with nothing more
than personal effects.
795
00:39:50,254 --> 00:39:51,789
Alison Leonard: John
had almost no money left
796
00:39:51,789 --> 00:39:53,958
by the end of his reign,
and it's plausible that some
797
00:39:53,958 --> 00:39:56,494
or perhaps the majority of his
treasure had already been
798
00:39:56,494 --> 00:39:59,096
melted down or sold off
to pay his soldiers.
799
00:40:01,432 --> 00:40:03,200
Narrator: While King John
struggled to keep hold
800
00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:07,004
of his land, he may have taken
a more calculated approach
801
00:40:07,004 --> 00:40:08,539
to his treasure.
802
00:40:09,740 --> 00:40:12,309
Adam Bunch: Maybe the treasure
was stashed away somewhere.
803
00:40:12,309 --> 00:40:14,545
Some historians have speculated
that his retinue
804
00:40:14,545 --> 00:40:17,882
might have decided to hide the
goods for safekeeping,
805
00:40:17,882 --> 00:40:21,852
planning to retrieve them
at a later, safer date.
806
00:40:23,788 --> 00:40:25,322
Anthea Nardi:
Perhaps they were set aside
807
00:40:25,322 --> 00:40:27,291
for his son, Henry III.
808
00:40:27,291 --> 00:40:29,960
There are several pieces
listed in the regalia
809
00:40:29,960 --> 00:40:33,497
for Henry's second coronation
at Westminster in 1220.
810
00:40:33,497 --> 00:40:37,268
A crown, sword,
scepter, and tunic.
811
00:40:37,268 --> 00:40:41,872
They seem to match those from
King John's regalia in 1216.
812
00:40:41,872 --> 00:40:44,375
So this could mean
that the treasures
813
00:40:44,375 --> 00:40:45,910
were carefully preserved.
814
00:40:48,212 --> 00:40:49,447
James Ellis:
We may never know exactly
815
00:40:49,447 --> 00:40:51,682
what the baggage train carried,
816
00:40:51,682 --> 00:40:54,518
but one undeniable
fact remains:
817
00:40:54,518 --> 00:40:56,520
it crossed the Wash.
818
00:40:56,520 --> 00:40:58,956
The question is,
what happened next?
819
00:41:02,726 --> 00:41:04,428
Narrator: Amid the
uncertainty and haste
820
00:41:04,428 --> 00:41:06,630
of King John's final days,
821
00:41:06,630 --> 00:41:10,301
the route he chose - and the
treacherous terrain of the Wash
822
00:41:10,301 --> 00:41:12,336
- may hold the key
to what happened
823
00:41:12,336 --> 00:41:14,004
to the missing treasure.
824
00:41:16,207 --> 00:41:17,842
Alison Leonard: We know that
after rallying reinforcements
825
00:41:17,842 --> 00:41:20,077
on the Welsh border,
King John dashed to Windsor
826
00:41:20,077 --> 00:41:23,414
and then East Anglia,
covering up to 50 miles a day.
827
00:41:23,981 --> 00:41:26,083
On October 9th, he reached
the town of King's Lynn
828
00:41:26,083 --> 00:41:27,418
to a warm welcome.
829
00:41:28,752 --> 00:41:31,288
Adam Bunch: According to
one chronicler of the time,
830
00:41:31,288 --> 00:41:33,324
Roger of Wendover,
831
00:41:33,324 --> 00:41:35,659
the King and his entourage
left King's Lynn
832
00:41:35,659 --> 00:41:38,729
not long after they arrived
and headed for a place called
833
00:41:38,729 --> 00:41:41,966
Swineshead Abbey,
about 30 miles away.
834
00:41:44,001 --> 00:41:45,069
Alison Leonard: Despite the
baggage being
835
00:41:45,069 --> 00:41:47,238
of tremendous personal
importance to King John,
836
00:41:47,238 --> 00:41:48,772
some believe that
his baggage train
837
00:41:48,772 --> 00:41:50,574
probably traveled separately
from him,
838
00:41:50,574 --> 00:41:52,877
and was lost somewhere on the
western side of the Wash.
839
00:41:54,745 --> 00:41:56,514
Anthea Nardi:
With enemies on all sides,
840
00:41:56,514 --> 00:41:58,415
John would have been
eager to protect
841
00:41:58,415 --> 00:42:00,518
both himself and his treasure.
842
00:42:00,518 --> 00:42:03,087
Splitting up seemed
like the safest option
843
00:42:03,087 --> 00:42:05,689
and he may have chosen the
longer path through Wisbech,
844
00:42:05,689 --> 00:42:08,626
while directing his baggage
train to take a shortcut
845
00:42:08,626 --> 00:42:11,462
via the causeway across the
Wellstream's mouth,
846
00:42:11,462 --> 00:42:13,597
a route only passable
at low tide.
847
00:42:16,233 --> 00:42:19,270
Narrator: The Wellstream, also
known as the Wellester River
848
00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:23,908
and the River Nene, was once a
far more formidable waterway.
849
00:42:24,675 --> 00:42:28,178
Just beyond Wisbech, it emptied
into a vast estuary
850
00:42:28,178 --> 00:42:29,747
spanning several miles.
851
00:42:31,582 --> 00:42:33,584
James Ellis: The baggage train
likely travelled west
852
00:42:33,584 --> 00:42:35,419
along the road from King's Lynn
853
00:42:35,419 --> 00:42:37,755
to the village of
Walpole Cross Keys,
854
00:42:37,755 --> 00:42:41,125
which at the time sat on the
banks of the Wellstream.
855
00:42:41,125 --> 00:42:44,428
With an experienced guide,
the horses and wagons
856
00:42:44,428 --> 00:42:46,530
could have navigated
the Wash Way,
857
00:42:46,530 --> 00:42:48,766
a narrow path across the sands,
858
00:42:48,766 --> 00:42:51,969
for the 4.5-mile journey
to Long Sutton.
859
00:42:53,971 --> 00:42:55,606
Alison Leonard: It's possible
that along the way,
860
00:42:55,606 --> 00:42:57,575
King John's baggage
train was engulfed
861
00:42:57,575 --> 00:42:59,743
by a massive tidal bore.
862
00:42:59,743 --> 00:43:02,613
This is dangerous, unpredictable
force that occurs
863
00:43:02,613 --> 00:43:04,782
when the rising tide is
confined to a narrow,
864
00:43:04,782 --> 00:43:08,018
funneled estuary and creates
a sudden wall of water.
865
00:43:10,120 --> 00:43:13,290
Adam Bunch: Astronomical records
show us that at 4 p.m.
866
00:43:13,290 --> 00:43:15,926
on October 12, 1216,
867
00:43:15,926 --> 00:43:19,263
there was a fateful
celestial event.
868
00:43:19,263 --> 00:43:21,632
The Moon, the Sun, and Earth
869
00:43:21,632 --> 00:43:24,001
were all perfectly aligned.
870
00:43:24,001 --> 00:43:26,470
So the combined
gravitational pull
871
00:43:26,470 --> 00:43:30,674
may have created an
dramatic 22-foot tide,
872
00:43:30,674 --> 00:43:32,910
that surged through the estuary.
873
00:43:34,044 --> 00:43:37,247
So King John's convoy would have
been caught off guard,
874
00:43:37,815 --> 00:43:39,450
overpowered by the waves.
875
00:43:39,450 --> 00:43:47,958
♪♪
876
00:43:50,494 --> 00:43:54,898
♪♪
877
00:43:54,898 --> 00:43:56,900
Anthea Nardi: Many believe this
puts the likely location
878
00:43:56,900 --> 00:43:59,370
of the lost treasure
somewhere near Sutton Bridge,
879
00:43:59,370 --> 00:44:03,040
roughly two nautical miles from
the outfall of the Wellstream.
880
00:44:03,040 --> 00:44:05,409
But obviously
that's just a theory
881
00:44:05,409 --> 00:44:06,910
and impossible to verify.
882
00:44:09,313 --> 00:44:11,482
Narrator: Within a week
of the treasure vanishing,
883
00:44:11,482 --> 00:44:13,751
King John contracted dysentery
884
00:44:13,751 --> 00:44:16,720
and died on October 18, 1216
885
00:44:16,720 --> 00:44:18,322
at Newark Castle.
886
00:44:20,791 --> 00:44:24,328
Lost to time and buried under
centuries of shifting tides
887
00:44:24,328 --> 00:44:28,465
and marshland, King John's
treasure remains hidden,
888
00:44:28,465 --> 00:44:30,000
claimed by the ruthless,
889
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:33,437
ever-changing landscape
of the Wash.
890
00:44:33,437 --> 00:44:35,806
♪♪
891
00:44:37,408 --> 00:44:40,310
♪♪
104687
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