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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:10,750 Mysteries can be buried anywhere. 2 00:00:11,958 --> 00:00:13,207 Under the earth, 3 00:00:14,958 --> 00:00:16,207 beneath the sea, 4 00:00:17,375 --> 00:00:19,874 or even right under our own feet. 5 00:00:21,875 --> 00:00:23,582 And when we stumble upon them, 6 00:00:23,583 --> 00:00:27,375 sometimes, what we find can change history. 7 00:00:30,333 --> 00:00:33,291 Tonight, big discoveries. 8 00:00:33,292 --> 00:00:36,832 From a monumental secret buried beneath a basement... 9 00:00:38,125 --> 00:00:39,874 Behind the wall, there's a cavity, 10 00:00:39,875 --> 00:00:42,374 not an old cellar, but a tunnel. 11 00:00:42,375 --> 00:00:47,332 This sprawling maze spans over 170 square miles. 12 00:00:47,333 --> 00:00:49,292 It's a mind-boggling discovery. 13 00:00:50,542 --> 00:00:53,207 To a massive ancient structure... 14 00:00:53,208 --> 00:00:55,457 Archeologists realize it dates back 15 00:00:55,458 --> 00:00:58,041 to a mysterious civilization. 16 00:00:58,042 --> 00:00:59,499 Little is known about this culture 17 00:00:59,500 --> 00:01:01,791 because almost nothing has been found 18 00:01:01,792 --> 00:01:02,874 from the time of their reign. 19 00:01:02,875 --> 00:01:05,041 Until now. 20 00:01:05,042 --> 00:01:08,207 To a monster of epic proportions. 21 00:01:08,208 --> 00:01:12,332 They uncover three feet of it, four feet of it. 22 00:01:12,333 --> 00:01:16,374 Ultimately, it's 10 feet long. 23 00:01:16,375 --> 00:01:20,541 Join us now, because nothing stays hidden forever. 24 00:01:33,708 --> 00:01:35,999 It's 1927. 25 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:38,166 Charles Lindbergh is fresh off 26 00:01:38,167 --> 00:01:41,374 his historic solo flight across the Atlantic. 27 00:01:41,375 --> 00:01:43,041 It's the first of its kind. 28 00:01:43,042 --> 00:01:45,624 It took him 33 hours to complete. 29 00:01:45,625 --> 00:01:46,999 Now a global celebrity, 30 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:49,832 he heads out on a two-month goodwill tour 31 00:01:49,833 --> 00:01:51,624 through Central America. 32 00:01:51,625 --> 00:01:54,291 He flies solo, location to location, 33 00:01:54,292 --> 00:01:57,291 and basically shakes hands with locals 34 00:01:57,292 --> 00:01:59,625 and basks in his newfound fame. 35 00:02:00,833 --> 00:02:02,332 One day he's flying, 36 00:02:02,333 --> 00:02:05,167 he's crossing over this thick jungle in Honduras, 37 00:02:06,458 --> 00:02:08,500 and something weird catches his eye, 38 00:02:09,583 --> 00:02:11,374 something that doesn't look quite natural. 39 00:02:11,375 --> 00:02:15,208 These structures poking through the gaps in the canopy. 40 00:02:17,458 --> 00:02:21,083 To Lindbergh, it looks like this might be a city. 41 00:02:22,333 --> 00:02:24,916 For centuries, rumors swirled 42 00:02:24,917 --> 00:02:28,374 of a jungle settlement overflowing with riches. 43 00:02:28,375 --> 00:02:32,874 They call it La Ciudad Blanca, The White City. 44 00:02:32,875 --> 00:02:37,166 Now, Lindbergh's sighting reignites the search to find it. 45 00:02:37,167 --> 00:02:39,291 Explorers, archeologists, 46 00:02:39,292 --> 00:02:42,707 and treasure hunters set out on new expeditions 47 00:02:42,708 --> 00:02:46,124 searching for the city Lindbergh claims he saw. 48 00:02:46,125 --> 00:02:48,374 But even after several decades, 49 00:02:48,375 --> 00:02:50,208 nobody finds a trace of the city. 50 00:02:51,125 --> 00:02:53,791 Eventually, in 2012, 51 00:02:53,792 --> 00:02:56,499 an explorer named Steve Elkins 52 00:02:56,500 --> 00:02:59,250 tries to follow in Lindbergh's footsteps. 53 00:03:00,542 --> 00:03:02,291 This time he's not looking out the window, 54 00:03:02,292 --> 00:03:04,374 he's using LiDAR from the air 55 00:03:04,375 --> 00:03:07,374 to see what the jungle below might be hiding. 56 00:03:07,375 --> 00:03:10,499 Over the course of five days, Elkins and a small team 57 00:03:10,500 --> 00:03:13,832 fly over this rugged terrain of the Honduran rainforest, 58 00:03:13,833 --> 00:03:15,541 mapping the invisible. 59 00:03:15,542 --> 00:03:18,582 On the final day, they process the LiDAR data, 60 00:03:18,583 --> 00:03:21,416 and it seems to reveal what looked like the outline 61 00:03:21,417 --> 00:03:24,375 of multiple man-made geometric structures. 62 00:03:25,333 --> 00:03:26,624 Armed with the coordinates, 63 00:03:26,625 --> 00:03:29,791 Elkins and his team head deep into the jungle 64 00:03:29,792 --> 00:03:31,250 for a closer look. 65 00:03:32,375 --> 00:03:35,957 They cut paths, encounter pit vipers, 66 00:03:35,958 --> 00:03:38,374 and even flesh-eating parasites. 67 00:03:38,375 --> 00:03:42,332 But despite all the hells of the jungle, they keep going. 68 00:03:42,333 --> 00:03:44,832 After several weeks, the journey proves worth it 69 00:03:44,833 --> 00:03:48,458 when they find the area pinpointed by their LiDAR scans 70 00:03:50,375 --> 00:03:52,957 and they find something incredible. 71 00:03:55,042 --> 00:03:57,582 There are hundreds of artifacts 72 00:03:57,583 --> 00:04:01,666 arranged almost as if they were abandoned mid-ceremony. 73 00:04:01,667 --> 00:04:04,542 These are the remnants of an unknown culture. 74 00:04:05,542 --> 00:04:07,041 The scientists estimate they were built 75 00:04:07,042 --> 00:04:11,541 somewhere between 1,000 and 1,500 AD. 76 00:04:11,542 --> 00:04:14,541 As the group presses further into the site, 77 00:04:14,542 --> 00:04:17,624 they come across something even more incredible. 78 00:04:17,625 --> 00:04:21,417 At the heart of it all, they find a massive pyramid 79 00:04:22,875 --> 00:04:25,749 half buried under the ground. 80 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:28,499 And it's just the tip of the iceberg. 81 00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:31,207 There are mounds, pillars, plazas 82 00:04:31,208 --> 00:04:34,207 stretching wide beneath the vines. 83 00:04:34,208 --> 00:04:36,499 This wasn't a small mountain village, 84 00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:38,249 this was a metropolis 85 00:04:38,250 --> 00:04:41,541 that flourished before European contact. 86 00:04:41,542 --> 00:04:45,374 The team recovered over 190 artifacts, 87 00:04:45,375 --> 00:04:49,832 including a carved head of a part-human, part-jaguar. 88 00:04:49,833 --> 00:04:52,875 They renamed the area of the site Valley of the Jaguar. 89 00:04:54,208 --> 00:04:56,374 Excavations continue to this day. 90 00:04:56,375 --> 00:04:58,542 And the site is deemed so valuable, 91 00:04:59,917 --> 00:05:03,457 that the Honduran military now protects it. 92 00:05:03,458 --> 00:05:04,541 To date, they haven't found 93 00:05:04,542 --> 00:05:06,832 any huge cache of gold or treasure. 94 00:05:06,833 --> 00:05:09,457 But there's a lot of excavating still to be done. 95 00:05:09,458 --> 00:05:11,832 The recovered artifacts are now housed 96 00:05:11,833 --> 00:05:14,207 in the Ciudad Blanca Research Center, 97 00:05:14,208 --> 00:05:16,624 which focuses on the preservation 98 00:05:16,625 --> 00:05:19,291 of the archeology and culture of the site 99 00:05:19,292 --> 00:05:22,000 along with the wildlife that surrounds it. 100 00:05:26,208 --> 00:05:28,541 You don't always have to go off the grid 101 00:05:28,542 --> 00:05:30,957 to make amazing discoveries. 102 00:05:30,958 --> 00:05:34,708 Sometimes, a big find is just beneath your feet. 103 00:05:37,083 --> 00:05:41,332 In 1480, a boy is playing under the Italian pines 104 00:05:41,333 --> 00:05:44,582 on Esquiline Hill in the heart of Rome. 105 00:05:44,583 --> 00:05:46,291 As he runs along the slope, 106 00:05:46,292 --> 00:05:49,042 his foot slips along a crack in the soil. 107 00:05:50,375 --> 00:05:53,332 He leans down, peers into the opening, 108 00:05:53,333 --> 00:05:56,499 and sees something that shouldn't be there. 109 00:05:56,500 --> 00:05:58,000 He crawls through the gap, 110 00:05:59,250 --> 00:06:02,667 and he finds himself in this hidden chamber. 111 00:06:04,667 --> 00:06:07,207 Low ceilings, curved walls. 112 00:06:07,208 --> 00:06:09,624 And when the boy looks up, 113 00:06:09,625 --> 00:06:11,374 he notices that on the ceilings 114 00:06:11,375 --> 00:06:13,583 are these very detailed frescoes. 115 00:06:14,875 --> 00:06:18,457 There are mythological scenes, strange creatures, 116 00:06:18,458 --> 00:06:22,374 and elaborate floral patterns covering the domed roof. 117 00:06:22,375 --> 00:06:24,374 Soon, his discovery attracts 118 00:06:24,375 --> 00:06:27,332 some of the era's most famous artists. 119 00:06:27,333 --> 00:06:30,207 Artists like Michelangelo and Raphael 120 00:06:30,208 --> 00:06:31,874 lowered themselves down 121 00:06:31,875 --> 00:06:36,499 and explored the subterranean passages by torch light, 122 00:06:36,500 --> 00:06:37,666 looking at all these 123 00:06:37,667 --> 00:06:39,624 mythological paintings on the walls 124 00:06:39,625 --> 00:06:41,792 to get inspiration for their own art. 125 00:06:42,792 --> 00:06:46,207 But the site's purpose remains a mystery for centuries, 126 00:06:46,208 --> 00:06:50,082 until a full-scale excavation of the area is ordered 127 00:06:50,083 --> 00:06:52,041 in the mid-1700s. 128 00:06:52,042 --> 00:06:55,291 Archeologists soon find other enormous rooms, 129 00:06:55,292 --> 00:06:59,917 some up to 100 feet deep, covered in elaborate artwork. 130 00:07:01,208 --> 00:07:04,332 As they explore the frescoes and the opulent rooms, 131 00:07:04,333 --> 00:07:06,707 they start to put the pieces together. 132 00:07:06,708 --> 00:07:09,124 They realize that this is a palace, 133 00:07:09,125 --> 00:07:12,207 and it's a palace that matches the description 134 00:07:12,208 --> 00:07:16,124 of one that was built in the First Century AD. 135 00:07:16,125 --> 00:07:18,416 It's the Domus Aurea, 136 00:07:18,417 --> 00:07:20,874 better known as the Golden House, 137 00:07:20,875 --> 00:07:24,625 built by infamous Roman emperor, Nero. 138 00:07:25,875 --> 00:07:30,166 Nero ruled Rome for 14 years in the First Century AD. 139 00:07:30,167 --> 00:07:33,707 He's known for his extravagance, his cruelty, 140 00:07:33,708 --> 00:07:36,457 his persecution of Jews and Christians, 141 00:07:36,458 --> 00:07:37,749 for murdering his mother, 142 00:07:37,750 --> 00:07:40,707 and for his very literal desire 143 00:07:40,708 --> 00:07:45,541 to burn down the city of Rome to recraft it in his image. 144 00:07:45,542 --> 00:07:47,291 So when a massive fire 145 00:07:47,292 --> 00:07:49,999 destroys much of Rome in 64 AD, 146 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,707 many believed that Nero started it himself on purpose 147 00:07:53,708 --> 00:07:56,917 so that he could build an opulent palace. 148 00:07:58,125 --> 00:08:02,207 That new palace, the Domus Aurea, is huge. 149 00:08:02,208 --> 00:08:07,791 It sprawls over 300 acres, has over 100 rooms, 150 00:08:07,792 --> 00:08:12,499 marble walls, rotating dining rooms, detailed frescoes, 151 00:08:12,500 --> 00:08:15,124 and perfume-dispensing ceilings. 152 00:08:15,125 --> 00:08:19,041 There's an artificial lake surrounded by gardens. 153 00:08:19,042 --> 00:08:21,166 And of course, at the center of it all 154 00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:25,291 is a gorgeous golden statue of Nero himself. 155 00:08:25,292 --> 00:08:28,207 It is 100 feet tall. 156 00:08:28,208 --> 00:08:31,541 But before Nero can move into his new palace, 157 00:08:31,542 --> 00:08:34,541 he's declared a public enemy by the Senate. 158 00:08:34,542 --> 00:08:37,541 Even Nero's own guards abandoned him. 159 00:08:37,542 --> 00:08:39,957 So he decides to take his own life, 160 00:08:39,958 --> 00:08:42,707 and he stabs himself in the throat with a dagger 161 00:08:42,708 --> 00:08:45,332 before he can be executed. 162 00:08:45,333 --> 00:08:47,791 Once he's gone, Romans try to erase 163 00:08:47,792 --> 00:08:50,042 all evidence that he even existed. 164 00:08:51,167 --> 00:08:53,166 That includes his lavish estate, 165 00:08:53,167 --> 00:08:55,791 which is torn down and buried. 166 00:08:55,792 --> 00:09:00,291 Years later, another iconic structure is built in its place, 167 00:09:00,292 --> 00:09:01,832 the Colosseum. 168 00:09:01,833 --> 00:09:05,541 Then over time, the site is completely forgotten about. 169 00:09:05,542 --> 00:09:07,041 Until centuries later, 170 00:09:07,042 --> 00:09:09,583 when a young boy slips in the dirt. 171 00:09:15,125 --> 00:09:17,291 It's just another day at sea for a group of fishermen, 172 00:09:17,292 --> 00:09:19,332 until they haul in their nets 173 00:09:19,333 --> 00:09:22,417 and find a lot more than just dinner. 174 00:09:24,750 --> 00:09:28,499 It's September of 1931, and a British fishing trawler 175 00:09:28,500 --> 00:09:30,208 is making its way up the North Sea. 176 00:09:31,667 --> 00:09:33,792 It's just an ordinary day when, all of a sudden, 177 00:09:35,542 --> 00:09:37,166 the nets come up heavy. 178 00:09:37,167 --> 00:09:39,582 Excited at the possibility of a big catch, 179 00:09:39,583 --> 00:09:41,499 the crew pulls the nets aboard 180 00:09:41,500 --> 00:09:43,499 and begins looking through their haul. 181 00:09:43,500 --> 00:09:45,207 The skipper, Pilgrim Lockwood, 182 00:09:45,208 --> 00:09:49,874 notices a huge lump of peat tangled up with their catch. 183 00:09:49,875 --> 00:09:52,457 He goes to break it apart with his shovel. 184 00:09:52,458 --> 00:09:54,541 But as he does, 185 00:09:56,083 --> 00:09:58,708 the shovel clangs against something solid. 186 00:09:59,958 --> 00:10:02,708 At first glance, it looks like a chunk of bone. 187 00:10:05,083 --> 00:10:08,541 But it's a darker color, and it looks carved, 188 00:10:08,542 --> 00:10:10,874 and on one side it has what looks like 189 00:10:10,875 --> 00:10:12,707 serrated, jagged teeth. 190 00:10:12,708 --> 00:10:15,957 Whatever it is, it doesn't look natural. 191 00:10:15,958 --> 00:10:18,207 The skipper sends his strange find 192 00:10:18,208 --> 00:10:20,957 to the British Museum for more insight. 193 00:10:20,958 --> 00:10:23,167 The researchers examine the object, 194 00:10:24,542 --> 00:10:27,207 and realize that it's a prehistoric weapon 195 00:10:27,208 --> 00:10:30,207 that's carved out of red deer antler. 196 00:10:30,208 --> 00:10:32,791 It would've been lashed end to end with another antler 197 00:10:32,792 --> 00:10:34,333 and used as a harpoon. 198 00:10:35,333 --> 00:10:37,957 Researchers date the tool to the late Mesolithic Era, 199 00:10:37,958 --> 00:10:40,916 sometime between 10,000 and 4,000 BC. 200 00:10:40,917 --> 00:10:42,707 Everything seems to check out, 201 00:10:42,708 --> 00:10:45,707 except for the fact that it was found so far out 202 00:10:45,708 --> 00:10:47,874 and so deep underwater. 203 00:10:47,875 --> 00:10:50,666 Mesolithic people were skilled hunters 204 00:10:50,667 --> 00:10:53,791 with sophisticated tools like this harpoon. 205 00:10:53,792 --> 00:10:56,124 But they were not skilled mariners. 206 00:10:56,125 --> 00:10:59,082 They had no way of venturing far from shore. 207 00:10:59,083 --> 00:11:01,541 That's when archeologist Grahame Clark 208 00:11:01,542 --> 00:11:03,457 proposes a radical theory. 209 00:11:03,458 --> 00:11:07,749 Maybe that spot in the North Sea used to be dry land. 210 00:11:07,750 --> 00:11:09,874 Up to now, everyone had assumed 211 00:11:09,875 --> 00:11:11,666 that there had always been a sea 212 00:11:11,667 --> 00:11:14,207 between Great Britain and Continental Europe. 213 00:11:14,208 --> 00:11:16,999 But Clark suggests, maybe that's wrong. 214 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:20,791 Maybe, thousands of years ago, this was land. 215 00:11:20,792 --> 00:11:22,041 The following year, 216 00:11:22,042 --> 00:11:24,707 a test of the peat found with the harpoon 217 00:11:24,708 --> 00:11:27,207 gives Clark's theory a boost. 218 00:11:27,208 --> 00:11:29,832 Further analysis shows that it formed 219 00:11:29,833 --> 00:11:32,207 in freshwater, not saltwater, 220 00:11:32,208 --> 00:11:35,166 confirming the weapon was lost on land. 221 00:11:35,167 --> 00:11:38,707 In the ensuing decades, more evidence comes in, 222 00:11:38,708 --> 00:11:40,666 providing more support for this theory. 223 00:11:40,667 --> 00:11:42,457 Fishermen begin to pull up bones 224 00:11:42,458 --> 00:11:44,749 from a variety of land animals, 225 00:11:44,750 --> 00:11:48,957 hippos, bears, woolly rhinos, saber-toothed cats. 226 00:11:48,958 --> 00:11:50,874 They find more stone tools, 227 00:11:50,875 --> 00:11:53,791 and even pieces of a Neanderthal skull. 228 00:11:53,792 --> 00:11:55,707 After decades of clues, 229 00:11:55,708 --> 00:11:58,207 the mystery comes into sharper focus 230 00:11:58,208 --> 00:12:00,916 when researchers manage to extract DNA 231 00:12:00,917 --> 00:12:02,832 from the ancient skull. 232 00:12:02,833 --> 00:12:05,041 Turns out he was a young man 233 00:12:05,042 --> 00:12:07,624 who was a meat eater with a stocky build, 234 00:12:07,625 --> 00:12:10,957 and he lived about 60,000 years ago. 235 00:12:10,958 --> 00:12:12,832 The incredible discovery 236 00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:15,999 leads researchers to name the area Doggerland, 237 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:18,624 after a nearby sandbar. 238 00:12:18,625 --> 00:12:20,207 But the real breakthrough comes 239 00:12:20,208 --> 00:12:24,666 when oil and gas companies lend a surprising hand. 240 00:12:24,667 --> 00:12:26,832 Using underwater survey data, 241 00:12:26,833 --> 00:12:31,042 they are able to create detailed 3D models of the seabed. 242 00:12:32,083 --> 00:12:33,749 This wasn't just an archipelago 243 00:12:33,750 --> 00:12:37,207 of islands or a land bridge. 244 00:12:37,208 --> 00:12:40,707 Doggerland was vast and teeming with life, 245 00:12:40,708 --> 00:12:43,916 which attracted bands of Mesolithic hunters. 246 00:12:43,917 --> 00:12:47,041 At its peak, Doggerland was big. 247 00:12:47,042 --> 00:12:49,707 It stretched over 70,000 square miles, 248 00:12:49,708 --> 00:12:51,624 bigger than the state of Illinois. 249 00:12:51,625 --> 00:12:53,957 Then around 8,000 years ago, 250 00:12:53,958 --> 00:12:57,333 the Ice Age ends and temperatures start to rise. 251 00:12:58,708 --> 00:13:02,041 Glaciers begin to melt and water levels rise. 252 00:13:02,042 --> 00:13:04,374 And over the next 3,500 years, 253 00:13:04,375 --> 00:13:07,916 Doggerland slowly disappears beneath the sea, 254 00:13:07,917 --> 00:13:10,874 causing its people to have to relocate. 255 00:13:10,875 --> 00:13:14,124 Today, Doggerland is one of the best preserved 256 00:13:14,125 --> 00:13:17,083 prehistoric landscapes ever discovered. 257 00:13:19,042 --> 00:13:20,916 Finding a whole ancient world 258 00:13:20,917 --> 00:13:23,749 hidden under the sea is incredible. 259 00:13:23,750 --> 00:13:28,541 Our next big discovery takes us even further back in time, 260 00:13:28,542 --> 00:13:31,707 and it's on an even bigger scale. 261 00:13:33,958 --> 00:13:37,707 In 2017, a man in Pombal, Portugal 262 00:13:37,708 --> 00:13:40,457 is trying to expand his garden. 263 00:13:40,458 --> 00:13:42,041 He starts digging and digging, 264 00:13:42,042 --> 00:13:44,833 and suddenly, he hits something really hard. 265 00:13:46,542 --> 00:13:49,582 Now, this is deeply unusual because the soil there 266 00:13:49,583 --> 00:13:51,792 is pretty loose and sandy. 267 00:13:53,083 --> 00:13:54,749 He bends down to take a closer look, 268 00:13:54,750 --> 00:13:57,166 brushes across the soil with his hand, 269 00:13:57,167 --> 00:13:59,792 and he sees some sharp fragments. 270 00:14:01,375 --> 00:14:02,416 He takes a closer look, 271 00:14:02,417 --> 00:14:05,249 and he thinks that they look very much 272 00:14:05,250 --> 00:14:08,332 like pieces of fossilized bone. 273 00:14:08,333 --> 00:14:11,124 The man reaches out to the University of Lisbon, 274 00:14:11,125 --> 00:14:15,207 who sends a team of paleontologists to investigate. 275 00:14:15,208 --> 00:14:18,124 They confirmed that these are indeed fossil fragments, 276 00:14:18,125 --> 00:14:20,791 and then a deeper investigation ensues. 277 00:14:20,792 --> 00:14:22,624 Pretty soon they find another fossil, 278 00:14:22,625 --> 00:14:24,833 but this one's no tiny fragment. 279 00:14:26,292 --> 00:14:28,249 This time, they find a complete bone. 280 00:14:28,250 --> 00:14:31,958 They uncover three feet of it, four feet of it. 281 00:14:33,042 --> 00:14:35,457 And there's still more in the ground. 282 00:14:35,458 --> 00:14:37,375 Ultimately, when they retrieve it, 283 00:14:38,458 --> 00:14:41,458 it's 10 feet long. 284 00:14:42,625 --> 00:14:44,874 This is one of the largest ribbed fossils 285 00:14:44,875 --> 00:14:46,416 ever recorded. 286 00:14:46,417 --> 00:14:50,791 So scientists ask, what could this giant animal be? 287 00:14:50,792 --> 00:14:53,374 From the shape and the size, 288 00:14:53,375 --> 00:14:56,374 they are able to determine that these bones 289 00:14:56,375 --> 00:14:59,625 come from a sauropod. 290 00:15:01,167 --> 00:15:04,541 Sauropods lived over 100 million years ago 291 00:15:04,542 --> 00:15:08,541 and are the largest land animals to ever roam the Earth. 292 00:15:08,542 --> 00:15:10,624 Sauropods were herbivores. 293 00:15:10,625 --> 00:15:12,624 They had a long neck, long tail, 294 00:15:12,625 --> 00:15:15,749 and they grew into the largest dinosaurs ever. 295 00:15:15,750 --> 00:15:17,291 With very tiny heads 296 00:15:17,292 --> 00:15:18,999 because, you know, how much weight do you wanna put 297 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:20,875 at the end of a 40-foot lever? 298 00:15:22,167 --> 00:15:24,791 The long necks allowed them to graze 299 00:15:24,792 --> 00:15:29,374 over a wide area of vegetation without having to move. 300 00:15:29,375 --> 00:15:31,916 And they had to do a lot of grazing, 301 00:15:31,917 --> 00:15:36,292 because sauropods could weigh as much as 50 tons. 302 00:15:38,375 --> 00:15:40,207 Experts estimate that the individual 303 00:15:40,208 --> 00:15:42,207 uncovered from the backyard in Portugal 304 00:15:42,208 --> 00:15:46,416 was probably close to 40 feet tall and around 80 feet long, 305 00:15:46,417 --> 00:15:48,832 roughly the size of a tennis court. 306 00:15:48,833 --> 00:15:51,124 It's one of the largest dinosaur specimens 307 00:15:51,125 --> 00:15:53,457 ever found in Europe. 308 00:15:53,458 --> 00:15:55,874 Despite millions of years passing, 309 00:15:55,875 --> 00:15:58,874 the ribs are still in place and aligned 310 00:15:58,875 --> 00:16:01,249 just like when the dinosaur was alive. 311 00:16:01,250 --> 00:16:04,291 That's really unusual for fossils this old. 312 00:16:04,292 --> 00:16:07,041 Hopefully the rest of the fossils 313 00:16:07,042 --> 00:16:10,332 from this magnificent beast will be found 314 00:16:10,333 --> 00:16:13,333 and it'll be stalking the floors of a museum very soon. 315 00:16:18,333 --> 00:16:20,832 For one man in Turkey, a small remodel 316 00:16:20,833 --> 00:16:24,167 opens the door to a whole buried world. 317 00:16:26,875 --> 00:16:30,999 It's 1963 in the Cappadocia region of Central Turkey, 318 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:33,249 and a man is remodeling his home. 319 00:16:33,250 --> 00:16:35,332 But he keeps having a strange predicament. 320 00:16:35,333 --> 00:16:37,500 His pet chickens keep disappearing. 321 00:16:38,542 --> 00:16:39,707 He starts investigating 322 00:16:39,708 --> 00:16:41,916 and he traces the problem to the basement, 323 00:16:41,917 --> 00:16:44,832 where he finds a small opening in the wall. 324 00:16:44,833 --> 00:16:47,082 Curious and frustrated, 325 00:16:47,083 --> 00:16:50,416 he grabs a sledgehammer and knocks it down. 326 00:16:53,208 --> 00:16:55,874 Behind the wall, there's a cavity. 327 00:16:55,875 --> 00:16:58,374 Not a pipe, not an old cellar, 328 00:16:58,375 --> 00:16:59,500 but a tunnel. 329 00:17:01,208 --> 00:17:05,082 He climbs through the wall and starts to walk. 330 00:17:05,083 --> 00:17:07,000 One tunnel becomes two. 331 00:17:08,292 --> 00:17:10,624 And then it connects to different chambers. 332 00:17:10,625 --> 00:17:11,707 And eventually, 333 00:17:11,708 --> 00:17:15,082 it seems to stretch off into a dark distance. 334 00:17:15,083 --> 00:17:18,207 Fully weirded out, the man retreats back to his house 335 00:17:18,208 --> 00:17:20,500 and informs the local authorities. 336 00:17:21,500 --> 00:17:23,707 Investigators inspect the tunnels, 337 00:17:23,708 --> 00:17:27,542 and what they uncover is beyond anything anyone imagined. 338 00:17:28,667 --> 00:17:32,041 It's an enormous, ancient, underground city. 339 00:17:36,333 --> 00:17:40,707 This sprawling maze spans over 170 square miles. 340 00:17:40,708 --> 00:17:45,332 It reaches 18 stories, 280 feet below the surface, 341 00:17:45,333 --> 00:17:49,374 and is carved into hardened volcanic ash called tuff. 342 00:17:49,375 --> 00:17:51,457 But what's truly unbelievable 343 00:17:51,458 --> 00:17:55,417 is that it was originally built around 3,000 years ago. 344 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,416 The city is named Derinkuyu, 345 00:18:00,417 --> 00:18:03,166 after the town that sits above it. 346 00:18:03,167 --> 00:18:06,166 And it wasn't just a place to hide, 347 00:18:06,167 --> 00:18:09,582 it was a fully functional underground city. 348 00:18:09,583 --> 00:18:14,207 There are schools, churches, a convent, apartments, 349 00:18:14,208 --> 00:18:16,541 even an underground wine press. 350 00:18:16,542 --> 00:18:19,082 The upper level was found to have stables 351 00:18:19,083 --> 00:18:20,541 where they kept livestock 352 00:18:20,542 --> 00:18:23,124 so that the odors would not penetrate 353 00:18:23,125 --> 00:18:26,249 down into the lower levels where people lived. 354 00:18:26,250 --> 00:18:28,082 They truly thought of and designed 355 00:18:28,083 --> 00:18:29,832 everything that humans would need 356 00:18:29,833 --> 00:18:32,332 to carry out life underground. 357 00:18:32,333 --> 00:18:34,666 There are over 50 ventilation shafts 358 00:18:34,667 --> 00:18:37,874 that ensure that fresh air is delivered to all levels. 359 00:18:37,875 --> 00:18:41,291 And there's a well that reaches over 180 feet 360 00:18:41,292 --> 00:18:43,374 to fill numerous water tanks. 361 00:18:43,375 --> 00:18:45,707 It's an engineering marvel. 362 00:18:45,708 --> 00:18:49,041 There's also a security system. 363 00:18:49,042 --> 00:18:51,041 Several tunnels have enormous, 364 00:18:51,042 --> 00:18:53,041 1,000-pound millstone doors 365 00:18:53,042 --> 00:18:57,207 that could be used to close off the tunnels from inside. 366 00:18:57,208 --> 00:18:59,124 Each door has a hole right in the center, 367 00:18:59,125 --> 00:19:01,999 big enough for a spear to poke through. 368 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:06,500 But who built it and why remain a mystery. 369 00:19:07,500 --> 00:19:10,624 Archeologists find a Hittite statue of a lion 370 00:19:10,625 --> 00:19:12,916 and other relics during their excavation. 371 00:19:12,917 --> 00:19:16,166 This leads some to believe that the Hittites built the city 372 00:19:16,167 --> 00:19:18,374 as their last refuge 373 00:19:18,375 --> 00:19:20,707 when their capital was under attack from the Phrygians 374 00:19:20,708 --> 00:19:22,874 in the 12th Century BC. 375 00:19:22,875 --> 00:19:24,207 Others believe 376 00:19:24,208 --> 00:19:25,749 that this kind of incredible construction 377 00:19:25,750 --> 00:19:28,582 could only have been the work of the Phrygians themselves. 378 00:19:28,583 --> 00:19:31,457 But one thing that's clear is that the original builders 379 00:19:31,458 --> 00:19:33,541 were not the only ones that lived here. 380 00:19:33,542 --> 00:19:35,916 Eventually, Derinkuyu was inhabited 381 00:19:35,917 --> 00:19:37,291 by Byzantine-era Christians 382 00:19:37,292 --> 00:19:39,916 who used the city to avoid persecution, 383 00:19:39,917 --> 00:19:43,832 which explains the cruciform church on the lowest level, 384 00:19:43,833 --> 00:19:45,750 18 stories down. 385 00:19:46,708 --> 00:19:48,291 Altogether, researchers find 386 00:19:48,292 --> 00:19:51,207 more than 600 hidden entrances, 387 00:19:51,208 --> 00:19:53,874 including one that extends much further 388 00:19:53,875 --> 00:19:55,666 than anyone thought. 389 00:19:55,667 --> 00:19:57,791 Researchers find a five-mile tunnel 390 00:19:57,792 --> 00:20:00,541 that connects this subterranean world 391 00:20:00,542 --> 00:20:03,916 to another underground city called Kaymakli. 392 00:20:03,917 --> 00:20:08,124 This city is smaller, less elaborate than Derinkuyu. 393 00:20:08,125 --> 00:20:10,457 But the design is nearly identical. 394 00:20:10,458 --> 00:20:14,374 Over the ensuing years, they find over 200 more 395 00:20:14,375 --> 00:20:17,666 of these underground cities spread throughout the region, 396 00:20:17,667 --> 00:20:21,582 each one a sleeping giant carved in stone 397 00:20:21,583 --> 00:20:24,583 that serves as a monument to survival. 398 00:20:26,625 --> 00:20:28,374 Our next discovery takes us 399 00:20:28,375 --> 00:20:31,207 to a very different kind of hidden world. 400 00:20:31,208 --> 00:20:33,791 This time, in Rome. 401 00:20:36,375 --> 00:20:39,416 It's 2006 in Rome, 402 00:20:39,417 --> 00:20:41,957 and workers are drilling test holes 403 00:20:41,958 --> 00:20:43,166 ahead of the construction 404 00:20:43,167 --> 00:20:45,874 of a new underground parking garage. 405 00:20:45,875 --> 00:20:50,332 That is, until their drill hits something unexpected. 406 00:20:54,375 --> 00:20:56,207 As is the way in a city 407 00:20:56,208 --> 00:20:58,957 with as rich and ancient a history as Rome, 408 00:20:58,958 --> 00:21:02,666 when you're digging and you hit something strange, 409 00:21:02,667 --> 00:21:04,708 you need to stop and investigate. 410 00:21:07,125 --> 00:21:08,541 The workers take a closer look, 411 00:21:08,542 --> 00:21:11,207 and they find pottery shards, 412 00:21:11,208 --> 00:21:12,916 then pieces of jewelry. 413 00:21:12,917 --> 00:21:15,833 So they ultimately call in the archeologists to take over. 414 00:21:17,542 --> 00:21:20,707 They uncover more pottery, parts of a fountain, 415 00:21:20,708 --> 00:21:23,374 and even the foundations of a portico. 416 00:21:23,375 --> 00:21:25,958 Then they find something really unusual, 417 00:21:27,083 --> 00:21:28,500 a piece of glass 418 00:21:29,667 --> 00:21:32,708 filled with transparent, crystal-like stones. 419 00:21:33,875 --> 00:21:36,332 The crystal stones are a major clue. 420 00:21:36,333 --> 00:21:39,541 In 40 AD, the philosopher Philo 421 00:21:39,542 --> 00:21:43,041 describes seeing this kind of glass with these crystals 422 00:21:43,042 --> 00:21:46,749 on a visit he made to the Roman emperor Caligula. 423 00:21:46,750 --> 00:21:49,207 The archeologists realize 424 00:21:49,208 --> 00:21:53,250 they found Caligula's long lost, infamous pleasure garden. 425 00:21:55,375 --> 00:21:58,041 Caligula was the third emperor of Rome, 426 00:21:58,042 --> 00:22:01,749 and many consider him to be the most eccentric. 427 00:22:01,750 --> 00:22:04,582 Some accounts say he believed he was a god. 428 00:22:04,583 --> 00:22:06,791 Others say he was just insane. 429 00:22:06,792 --> 00:22:10,041 But either way, his behavior was bizarre. 430 00:22:10,042 --> 00:22:12,874 He once made talking about goats in his presence 431 00:22:12,875 --> 00:22:14,624 a capital offense. 432 00:22:14,625 --> 00:22:18,499 He would appear in public dressed like Greco-Roman gods 433 00:22:18,500 --> 00:22:21,707 like Venus and Apollo. 434 00:22:21,708 --> 00:22:24,832 He once declared war with the sea, 435 00:22:24,833 --> 00:22:29,458 and even appointed his horse consul to the Senate of Rome. 436 00:22:30,458 --> 00:22:32,041 But Caligula took excess 437 00:22:32,042 --> 00:22:35,124 to a whole new level in his pleasure garden. 438 00:22:35,125 --> 00:22:38,707 Caligula surrounded himself in luxury. 439 00:22:38,708 --> 00:22:41,541 So when he wasn't feeding Romans to the lions, 440 00:22:41,542 --> 00:22:44,874 or sleeping with his political rivals' wives 441 00:22:44,875 --> 00:22:46,791 or even his own sisters, 442 00:22:46,792 --> 00:22:49,667 he enjoyed spending time in his pleasure garden. 443 00:22:50,583 --> 00:22:52,541 Excavations revealed frescoes 444 00:22:52,542 --> 00:22:55,916 inlaid with rubies and precious stones, 445 00:22:55,917 --> 00:22:58,792 marble staircases, and also pieces of jewelry. 446 00:23:00,125 --> 00:23:04,041 They also find animal bones, but not pets like cats or dogs. 447 00:23:04,042 --> 00:23:06,541 The bones they find are from lions, from bears, 448 00:23:06,542 --> 00:23:08,791 from ostriches, from peacocks, 449 00:23:08,792 --> 00:23:10,957 just rare and exotic animals 450 00:23:10,958 --> 00:23:15,874 brought in to impress his guests and to make himself out to be 451 00:23:15,875 --> 00:23:20,500 this larger-than-life, hedonistic, godlike figure. 452 00:23:21,500 --> 00:23:22,791 Ultimately, 453 00:23:22,792 --> 00:23:25,999 Caligula's reign of indulgence didn't last. 454 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:27,582 After just four years in power, 455 00:23:27,583 --> 00:23:30,707 Caligula was assassinated by his own bodyguards. 456 00:23:30,708 --> 00:23:34,166 His body was cremated in the garden he loved. 457 00:23:34,167 --> 00:23:37,916 By the fourth century, the garden is abandoned 458 00:23:37,917 --> 00:23:39,457 and fades from memory 459 00:23:39,458 --> 00:23:43,541 until it's rediscovered in 2015. 460 00:23:43,542 --> 00:23:46,499 When archeologists finally finish the excavation, 461 00:23:46,500 --> 00:23:50,582 over 100,000 artifacts are uncovered. 462 00:23:50,583 --> 00:23:53,666 Today, the site has been transformed into a museum, 463 00:23:53,667 --> 00:23:56,124 and it contains many of those very same relics 464 00:23:56,125 --> 00:23:57,916 and preserved architecture. 465 00:23:57,917 --> 00:24:00,291 Compared to the legend of his life, 466 00:24:00,292 --> 00:24:04,041 the ruins of his pleasure garden are surprisingly tasteful. 467 00:24:04,042 --> 00:24:05,875 But the jewels, the baths, 468 00:24:06,042 --> 00:24:08,832 the exotic animals do point to one thing: 469 00:24:08,833 --> 00:24:12,207 Caligula threw one hell of a party. 470 00:24:12,208 --> 00:24:15,500 And 2,000 years later, we're still cleaning up after it. 471 00:24:20,167 --> 00:24:23,541 In 1992, a man sets out to solve a local legend, 472 00:24:23,542 --> 00:24:27,625 but instead uncovers a long lost engineering wonder. 473 00:24:30,500 --> 00:24:34,041 It's 1992 in the Zhejiang Province of China, 474 00:24:34,042 --> 00:24:37,082 and farmer Wu Anai is a man on a mission. 475 00:24:37,083 --> 00:24:38,791 He's just bought a water pump. 476 00:24:38,792 --> 00:24:40,666 And with the help of his neighbors, 477 00:24:40,667 --> 00:24:44,541 he's trying to drain a pond in his hometown of Longyou. 478 00:24:44,542 --> 00:24:45,957 It sounds crazy. 479 00:24:45,958 --> 00:24:48,874 But for generations, locals have passed down tales 480 00:24:48,875 --> 00:24:51,041 that the ponds are bottomless, 481 00:24:51,042 --> 00:24:55,125 and Anai is determined to get to the bottom of this legend, 482 00:24:56,875 --> 00:25:00,291 so he turns on the pumps and watches. 483 00:25:00,292 --> 00:25:01,874 As the water recedes, 484 00:25:01,875 --> 00:25:04,708 it reveals more than just mud and stone. 485 00:25:06,167 --> 00:25:10,083 When Anai peeks into the hole, he can't believe his eyes. 486 00:25:12,125 --> 00:25:13,957 Beneath the surface of this pond 487 00:25:13,958 --> 00:25:17,458 is actually a massive, man-made cave. 488 00:25:19,625 --> 00:25:21,874 Its walls are intricately carved, 489 00:25:21,875 --> 00:25:24,624 its ceilings are held up by pillars, 490 00:25:24,625 --> 00:25:26,416 and every inch is decorated 491 00:25:26,417 --> 00:25:29,374 with these chiseled parallel lines. 492 00:25:29,375 --> 00:25:32,166 Anai and his neighbors cannot believe what they found, 493 00:25:32,167 --> 00:25:35,250 so they go and they drain more ponds in the region. 494 00:25:37,417 --> 00:25:40,207 Sure enough, they find four more caves, 495 00:25:40,208 --> 00:25:44,125 each as elaborately carved and decorated as the first one. 496 00:25:45,875 --> 00:25:50,374 These things are huge, ranging from 25 to 60 feet deep 497 00:25:50,375 --> 00:25:53,457 and 50 to 100 feet wide. 498 00:25:53,458 --> 00:25:56,624 Just as impressive is the engineering. 499 00:25:56,625 --> 00:25:59,874 The sloped walls help distribute weight, 500 00:25:59,875 --> 00:26:02,666 preventing collapse from the ground above. 501 00:26:02,667 --> 00:26:04,749 Every cavern faces south, 502 00:26:04,750 --> 00:26:07,875 which allows the caves to be filled with natural light. 503 00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:11,082 Over the next few years, 504 00:26:11,083 --> 00:26:15,416 researchers find 19 more hand-carved caves. 505 00:26:15,417 --> 00:26:20,457 We have over 300,000 square feet of engineered space, 506 00:26:20,458 --> 00:26:22,832 but no signs of the builders, 507 00:26:22,833 --> 00:26:25,874 the techniques, or of their intentions. 508 00:26:25,875 --> 00:26:28,541 This lack of cultural or material evidence 509 00:26:28,542 --> 00:26:30,167 is unprecedented. 510 00:26:31,167 --> 00:26:32,957 Archeologists date their construction 511 00:26:32,958 --> 00:26:37,582 to between 206 BC and 23 AD. 512 00:26:37,583 --> 00:26:39,041 This makes them the biggest 513 00:26:39,042 --> 00:26:42,042 underground construction project of that era. 514 00:26:43,458 --> 00:26:44,916 This is a project on par 515 00:26:44,917 --> 00:26:47,832 with other monumental architectural wonders 516 00:26:47,833 --> 00:26:49,333 like the Great Pyramid of Giza. 517 00:26:50,542 --> 00:26:52,416 As mysterious as the pyramids are, 518 00:26:52,417 --> 00:26:54,125 these caves are even more so. 519 00:26:55,292 --> 00:26:56,957 Some researchers have suggested 520 00:26:56,958 --> 00:26:59,874 that the caves might have been used to store grain. 521 00:26:59,875 --> 00:27:02,499 Others have thought that they might have been a mine 522 00:27:02,500 --> 00:27:04,207 for natural resources. 523 00:27:04,208 --> 00:27:05,749 And then there are those 524 00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,916 who think that these hidden structures are so secretive 525 00:27:08,917 --> 00:27:11,291 that they must've been used for religious 526 00:27:11,292 --> 00:27:14,541 or other cultural ceremonies for the elite. 527 00:27:14,542 --> 00:27:16,207 With little to go on, 528 00:27:16,208 --> 00:27:20,207 the mysterious caverns become known as the Longyou Caves, 529 00:27:20,208 --> 00:27:23,499 named after the town where they were found. 530 00:27:23,500 --> 00:27:24,916 In China, they're considered 531 00:27:24,917 --> 00:27:27,207 the ninth wonder of the ancient world. 532 00:27:27,208 --> 00:27:29,957 But for all their size and sophistication, 533 00:27:29,958 --> 00:27:32,499 they raise more questions than answers. 534 00:27:32,500 --> 00:27:36,916 The fact that we still don't know who built the caves or why 535 00:27:36,917 --> 00:27:39,374 makes them one of the most fascinating mysteries 536 00:27:39,375 --> 00:27:40,667 of the ancient world. 537 00:27:43,042 --> 00:27:46,707 Anai's curiosity uncovered an ancient mystery. 538 00:27:46,708 --> 00:27:49,791 A find 20 years later in Serbia 539 00:27:49,792 --> 00:27:52,457 reveals something even stranger. 540 00:27:54,875 --> 00:27:56,916 It's July 2023 541 00:27:56,917 --> 00:28:00,000 in the small mining town of Kostolac in Serbia. 542 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:03,874 Miners are busy excavating in a quarry 543 00:28:03,875 --> 00:28:05,999 when about 25 feet deep, 544 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:09,541 their mechanical digger hits something really hard. 545 00:28:12,292 --> 00:28:13,707 It sounds like wood, 546 00:28:13,708 --> 00:28:15,207 so they figure that it's a buried tree trunk. 547 00:28:15,208 --> 00:28:18,667 But they decide to play it safe and take a closer look. 548 00:28:19,792 --> 00:28:21,874 When the workers brush some of the dirt away, 549 00:28:21,875 --> 00:28:24,707 they confirm it definitely is wood. 550 00:28:24,708 --> 00:28:27,667 However, this is definitely no tree. 551 00:28:28,542 --> 00:28:30,916 It's got sharp, crisp lines. 552 00:28:30,917 --> 00:28:34,792 It's been carved by man and it looks really old. 553 00:28:36,042 --> 00:28:37,999 Archeologists are called in to examine the site. 554 00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:41,166 And as they dig, the find gets bigger and bigger 555 00:28:41,167 --> 00:28:44,124 from one point to another, to dozens. 556 00:28:44,125 --> 00:28:48,083 They've uncovered a massive wooden structure. 557 00:28:49,292 --> 00:28:54,042 It's the remains of an enormous riverboat. 558 00:28:55,042 --> 00:28:56,916 Now that it's exposed, 559 00:28:56,917 --> 00:28:59,832 archeologists rush to fully dig out the boat 560 00:28:59,833 --> 00:29:01,624 before it falls apart. 561 00:29:01,625 --> 00:29:05,332 It takes them two days to fully uncover the boat 562 00:29:05,333 --> 00:29:10,291 and it's huge, it's 65 feet long, it's 11 feet wide. 563 00:29:10,292 --> 00:29:13,416 Researchers believe it was a cargo vessel 564 00:29:13,417 --> 00:29:16,082 crewed by up to 30 men. 565 00:29:16,083 --> 00:29:19,999 But curiously, there's no cargo, there's no personal items, 566 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:22,167 there's no human remains. 567 00:29:23,208 --> 00:29:25,374 Even stranger, it's underground 568 00:29:25,375 --> 00:29:28,708 and miles away from the nearest waterway. 569 00:29:29,958 --> 00:29:32,166 The Danube River is more than two miles away, 570 00:29:32,167 --> 00:29:35,916 but it turns out that it has shifted over the centuries. 571 00:29:35,917 --> 00:29:37,832 Researchers believe that at one point 572 00:29:37,833 --> 00:29:40,624 it flowed directly over this spot. 573 00:29:40,625 --> 00:29:42,916 The ship likely sank here, 574 00:29:42,917 --> 00:29:44,749 and then the river changed course 575 00:29:44,750 --> 00:29:46,624 and then the ship was left 576 00:29:46,625 --> 00:29:49,041 to be buried by the shifting sands. 577 00:29:49,042 --> 00:29:52,374 The whole area seems to have changed centuries ago 578 00:29:52,375 --> 00:29:53,874 because just a mile away, 579 00:29:53,875 --> 00:29:57,208 there's an even larger archeological excavation. 580 00:29:58,500 --> 00:30:01,167 The ancient port of Viminacium. 581 00:30:02,417 --> 00:30:06,374 Viminacium was a major ancient Roman trading hub 582 00:30:06,375 --> 00:30:08,832 and military port that boasted a population 583 00:30:08,833 --> 00:30:10,999 of about 45,000 people. 584 00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,749 Its ruins included temples, theaters, palaces, 585 00:30:14,750 --> 00:30:15,958 even a hippodrome. 586 00:30:17,250 --> 00:30:18,582 Beginning in the fourth century, 587 00:30:18,583 --> 00:30:21,374 Viminacium was attacked by invading forces, 588 00:30:21,375 --> 00:30:22,999 including Attila the Hun 589 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:25,249 in his campaign against the Roman Empire. 590 00:30:25,250 --> 00:30:29,416 By the time the Roman Empire began to collapse in 476, 591 00:30:29,417 --> 00:30:31,500 Viminacium was abandoned. 592 00:30:32,500 --> 00:30:34,416 Experts conclude the buried ship 593 00:30:34,417 --> 00:30:37,582 was likely servicing the port of Viminacium 594 00:30:37,583 --> 00:30:40,166 around 1,700 years ago. 595 00:30:40,167 --> 00:30:43,916 But questions still remain about its final voyage. 596 00:30:43,917 --> 00:30:46,124 The ship has no signs of battle scars, 597 00:30:46,125 --> 00:30:48,457 no signs of cargo, no signs of crew, 598 00:30:48,458 --> 00:30:51,791 which suggests it may have been sunk intentionally, 599 00:30:51,792 --> 00:30:53,166 perhaps better to lose it 600 00:30:53,167 --> 00:30:56,207 than for it to fall into enemy hands. 601 00:30:56,208 --> 00:30:58,874 After nearly two millennia underground, 602 00:30:58,875 --> 00:31:00,499 this river barge is still a mystery, 603 00:31:00,500 --> 00:31:02,583 but at least it's finally returning to port. 604 00:31:07,542 --> 00:31:09,041 Road construction usually slows you down. 605 00:31:09,042 --> 00:31:11,832 But in 2024, it stopped everything 606 00:31:11,833 --> 00:31:15,874 when crews in Mexico hit something incredible. 607 00:31:18,500 --> 00:31:21,541 In June of 2024, just outside of Mexico City, 608 00:31:21,542 --> 00:31:25,541 construction workers are expanding Highway 105. 609 00:31:25,542 --> 00:31:28,082 As the workers labor under the blazing summer sun 610 00:31:28,083 --> 00:31:32,041 trying to dig out a hillside to create space for a new lane, 611 00:31:32,042 --> 00:31:34,250 they hit an unexpected obstacle. 612 00:31:36,542 --> 00:31:39,957 It's a flat stone, which is pretty strange, 613 00:31:39,958 --> 00:31:41,916 but stranger still is that it is attached 614 00:31:41,917 --> 00:31:45,499 to another flat stone, and another flat stone, 615 00:31:45,500 --> 00:31:48,000 and they're all linked together by mortar. 616 00:31:49,208 --> 00:31:53,999 All these stones form a steeply pitched wall 617 00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:56,125 buried underneath the mountain. 618 00:31:57,375 --> 00:32:00,125 They realize this is clearly part of a structure. 619 00:32:01,458 --> 00:32:05,125 They halt all work and they call in the archeologists. 620 00:32:06,042 --> 00:32:08,207 As they dig up this angled wall, 621 00:32:08,208 --> 00:32:10,417 it appears to stretch in two directions. 622 00:32:11,333 --> 00:32:13,791 One, up the side of the mountain, 623 00:32:13,792 --> 00:32:16,207 and two, down towards the road. 624 00:32:16,208 --> 00:32:18,207 Soon, they begin to make out a shape. 625 00:32:18,208 --> 00:32:21,457 They find stepped corners on the outer edge of the wall. 626 00:32:21,458 --> 00:32:24,707 And behind that, another wall continues 627 00:32:24,708 --> 00:32:26,499 at a 90-degree angle. 628 00:32:26,500 --> 00:32:30,791 This crew thought they were working to widen the highway. 629 00:32:30,792 --> 00:32:32,666 But what they've really done 630 00:32:32,667 --> 00:32:34,917 is discovered an ancient pyramid. 631 00:32:36,542 --> 00:32:38,916 And not just any pyramid. 632 00:32:38,917 --> 00:32:42,541 The base stretches out to around 1,000 feet, 633 00:32:42,542 --> 00:32:47,416 about 25% bigger than the Great Pyramid of Giza. 634 00:32:47,417 --> 00:32:50,499 Archeologists realize the pyramid dates back 635 00:32:50,500 --> 00:32:54,499 to a mysterious and largely unknown ancient civilization 636 00:32:54,500 --> 00:32:56,167 known as the Metzca. 637 00:32:58,125 --> 00:33:00,707 The Metzca were a multi-ethnic group 638 00:33:00,708 --> 00:33:01,957 that lived within the area 639 00:33:01,958 --> 00:33:04,957 from around the year 950 to 1350. 640 00:33:04,958 --> 00:33:06,791 Little is known about this culture 641 00:33:06,792 --> 00:33:08,916 because almost nothing has been found 642 00:33:08,917 --> 00:33:11,916 from the time of their reign, until now. 643 00:33:11,917 --> 00:33:13,291 Unfortunately, 644 00:33:13,292 --> 00:33:15,541 experts can't fully excavate the pyramid. 645 00:33:15,542 --> 00:33:18,499 So they use drones and imaging technology 646 00:33:18,500 --> 00:33:21,499 to scan the entire site from the air. 647 00:33:21,500 --> 00:33:24,249 When they analyze the data, they're shocked. 648 00:33:24,250 --> 00:33:26,874 There is an entire ceremonial complex 649 00:33:26,875 --> 00:33:29,083 with the pyramid as its centerpiece. 650 00:33:30,417 --> 00:33:32,457 This discovery suggests that this site 651 00:33:32,458 --> 00:33:35,416 was of great significance to the Metzca, 652 00:33:35,417 --> 00:33:39,374 a combination religious site and cultural hub. 653 00:33:39,375 --> 00:33:42,374 And just when we're hot on the heels of learning 654 00:33:42,375 --> 00:33:45,957 and uncovering this treasure trove of the ancient world, 655 00:33:45,958 --> 00:33:48,207 all work comes to a stop. 656 00:33:48,208 --> 00:33:49,749 Funding dries up, 657 00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:53,291 and archeologists are forced to abandon the site. 658 00:33:53,292 --> 00:33:57,707 Then, they actually have to rebury it 659 00:33:57,708 --> 00:34:02,207 to protect the site from the elements and from any looters. 660 00:34:02,208 --> 00:34:05,041 There's obviously more to uncover here, 661 00:34:05,042 --> 00:34:06,999 more stories about the history 662 00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:09,582 of this otherwise forgotten civilization. 663 00:34:09,583 --> 00:34:14,749 But until more funding materializes, this giant pyramid 664 00:34:14,750 --> 00:34:18,041 and the ancient civilization that constructed it 665 00:34:18,042 --> 00:34:21,333 remains, once again, buried underground. 666 00:34:23,792 --> 00:34:25,374 Across the sea in England, 667 00:34:25,375 --> 00:34:28,916 another surprising relic is buried even deeper. 668 00:34:28,917 --> 00:34:33,832 Not a pyramid, but a far more personal piece of the past. 669 00:34:36,375 --> 00:34:39,916 The year is 1972, and in the city of York, England, 670 00:34:39,917 --> 00:34:41,457 construction has just begun 671 00:34:41,458 --> 00:34:44,417 on a new branch of Lloyds Bank. 672 00:34:45,500 --> 00:34:47,125 They fire up the excavator 673 00:34:48,333 --> 00:34:51,207 and start to haul away layers of peat. 674 00:34:51,208 --> 00:34:53,332 And that's when the workers noticed that 675 00:34:53,333 --> 00:34:56,708 mixed in with the soil are some strange-looking objects. 676 00:34:58,375 --> 00:35:01,124 There's pieces of timber, there's textiles, 677 00:35:01,125 --> 00:35:03,207 and there's straps of leather. 678 00:35:03,208 --> 00:35:05,207 Archeologists are called in 679 00:35:05,208 --> 00:35:09,666 and as they are sifting through these artifacts, 680 00:35:09,667 --> 00:35:13,083 they find an object they can't quite identify. 681 00:35:15,417 --> 00:35:19,374 It's rough and cylindrical in shape. 682 00:35:19,375 --> 00:35:22,416 It's about eight inches long, two inches wide, 683 00:35:22,417 --> 00:35:24,458 and it weighs about half a pound. 684 00:35:26,917 --> 00:35:28,582 Archeologists take a closer look 685 00:35:28,583 --> 00:35:30,667 at the mystery object under a microscope. 686 00:35:31,875 --> 00:35:36,416 They see evidence of plant pollen, cereal bran, 687 00:35:36,417 --> 00:35:38,041 and other organic material. 688 00:35:38,042 --> 00:35:39,957 And before long, it becomes pretty evident 689 00:35:39,958 --> 00:35:41,458 what they're looking at. 690 00:35:41,708 --> 00:35:47,207 What they have found is an enormous human coprolite. 691 00:35:47,208 --> 00:35:48,416 It's another way of saying 692 00:35:48,417 --> 00:35:50,292 a gigantic piece of fossilized poop. 693 00:35:52,208 --> 00:35:54,582 In fact, it's the largest intact piece 694 00:35:54,583 --> 00:35:58,374 of fossilized human feces ever discovered. 695 00:35:58,375 --> 00:35:59,999 What's unusual about it, 696 00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:02,457 apart from its gargantuous size, 697 00:36:02,458 --> 00:36:06,707 is that typically, human feces breaks down pretty quickly, 698 00:36:06,708 --> 00:36:09,791 way before it has a chance to fossilize. 699 00:36:09,792 --> 00:36:13,666 But in this case, because it fell in peat, 700 00:36:13,667 --> 00:36:18,125 which is a low-oxygen environment, it didn't rot. 701 00:36:19,125 --> 00:36:21,416 Testing puts it in the 9th century AD, 702 00:36:21,417 --> 00:36:24,791 right in the middle of the Viking occupation of York. 703 00:36:24,792 --> 00:36:28,832 In 866 AD, the Viking Great Heathen Army 704 00:36:28,833 --> 00:36:29,792 conquered the city. 705 00:36:31,333 --> 00:36:36,041 York became the Viking capital in England until 954 AD. 706 00:36:36,042 --> 00:36:38,082 And based on the diet, 707 00:36:38,083 --> 00:36:41,417 this coprolite was left behind by a Viking. 708 00:36:43,125 --> 00:36:45,416 Today, the relic is on display 709 00:36:45,417 --> 00:36:48,666 at the Jorvic Viking Centre in York. 710 00:36:48,667 --> 00:36:50,791 It may not be the most important 711 00:36:50,792 --> 00:36:52,707 Viking artifact ever found, 712 00:36:52,708 --> 00:36:55,500 but it is a strong contender for number two. 713 00:37:01,208 --> 00:37:02,916 The ocean is full of big creatures 714 00:37:02,917 --> 00:37:04,624 and even bigger secrets, 715 00:37:04,625 --> 00:37:08,957 but none like the one a group of fishermen find in Norway. 716 00:37:11,083 --> 00:37:13,874 It's April 26th, 2019, 717 00:37:13,875 --> 00:37:17,582 just off the coastal village of Tufjord in Norway. 718 00:37:17,583 --> 00:37:20,541 You have a group of fishermen that are on their boat 719 00:37:20,542 --> 00:37:24,332 and before long, they feel something colliding 720 00:37:24,333 --> 00:37:26,082 with the side of their ship. 721 00:37:28,542 --> 00:37:30,499 One of the men on board looks down in the water 722 00:37:30,500 --> 00:37:33,208 and he sees a large beluga whale 723 00:37:35,292 --> 00:37:37,625 rubbing itself against the side of the boat. 724 00:37:39,708 --> 00:37:42,374 Even though this animal is large, 725 00:37:42,375 --> 00:37:45,499 14 feet long, maybe 2,700 pounds, 726 00:37:45,500 --> 00:37:49,291 it seems friendly, tame even. 727 00:37:49,292 --> 00:37:51,208 Hey, hey. 728 00:37:52,875 --> 00:37:55,917 But it seems to be tangled in something. 729 00:37:57,042 --> 00:37:58,541 He puts on a survival suit 730 00:37:58,542 --> 00:38:00,750 and jumps into the water to help free it. 731 00:38:01,917 --> 00:38:03,291 But as he gets closer, 732 00:38:03,292 --> 00:38:06,499 he realizes that the whale is in a harness. 733 00:38:06,500 --> 00:38:09,625 So he unbuckles it and sets the beluga whale free. 734 00:38:10,708 --> 00:38:13,375 Back on the boat, he sees something strange. 735 00:38:14,375 --> 00:38:16,707 There's a camera mount on the harness, 736 00:38:16,708 --> 00:38:19,332 but the camera itself is missing. 737 00:38:19,333 --> 00:38:21,457 They also notice a stamp on the harness 738 00:38:21,458 --> 00:38:24,874 that says "Equipment St. Petersburg". 739 00:38:24,875 --> 00:38:28,417 So it looks like this whale came from Russia. 740 00:38:29,583 --> 00:38:30,999 Nearly overnight, 741 00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:34,374 the beluga becomes a media sensation in Norway. 742 00:38:34,375 --> 00:38:37,791 But something seems off about this friendly giant. 743 00:38:37,792 --> 00:38:39,624 This whale doesn't swim back north 744 00:38:39,625 --> 00:38:41,374 towards his more natural habitat. 745 00:38:41,375 --> 00:38:43,832 He instead stays in the harbor, 746 00:38:43,833 --> 00:38:47,541 socializing with fishermen and tourists. 747 00:38:47,542 --> 00:38:50,624 Hi, hi. 748 00:38:50,625 --> 00:38:53,457 I mean, the whale, he seems too well trained 749 00:38:53,458 --> 00:38:55,291 to be a wild whale. 750 00:38:55,292 --> 00:38:58,374 That's when Norway's domestic intelligence agency 751 00:38:58,375 --> 00:39:00,207 puts two and two together, 752 00:39:00,208 --> 00:39:02,541 and comes up with a shocking theory. 753 00:39:02,542 --> 00:39:04,707 The strange behavior, the harness, 754 00:39:04,708 --> 00:39:07,082 the familiarity with humans. 755 00:39:07,083 --> 00:39:11,624 This whale was clearly trained to perform specific tasks, 756 00:39:11,625 --> 00:39:14,541 which leads investigators to hypothesize 757 00:39:14,542 --> 00:39:18,124 that this whale is an intelligence-gathering spy. 758 00:39:20,708 --> 00:39:23,332 For years, rumors had spread 759 00:39:23,333 --> 00:39:24,707 around intelligence circles 760 00:39:24,708 --> 00:39:26,874 that the Russian Navy was actively trying 761 00:39:26,875 --> 00:39:30,041 to get their hands on aquatic animals 762 00:39:30,042 --> 00:39:32,624 to train them as Russian spies. 763 00:39:32,625 --> 00:39:34,166 Now, of course, Moscow denies 764 00:39:34,167 --> 00:39:36,291 that any such program ever existed. 765 00:39:36,292 --> 00:39:39,874 Although there was that one time that they placed a newspaper ad 766 00:39:39,875 --> 00:39:44,416 seeking to buy five bottlenose dolphins for $24,000. 767 00:39:44,417 --> 00:39:46,249 As unlikely as it seems, 768 00:39:46,250 --> 00:39:49,041 the spy whale theory picks up momentum, 769 00:39:49,042 --> 00:39:52,541 leading investigators straight to a possible source. 770 00:39:52,542 --> 00:39:55,707 Intelligence officers comb over satellite imagery 771 00:39:55,708 --> 00:39:59,041 and, indeed, they find a nearby Russian naval base. 772 00:39:59,042 --> 00:40:00,707 The base has large sea pens 773 00:40:00,708 --> 00:40:03,207 that would be perfect for housing beluga whales. 774 00:40:03,208 --> 00:40:05,999 They conclude that this beluga either escaped from its pen 775 00:40:06,000 --> 00:40:08,041 or that it might have actually become lost 776 00:40:08,042 --> 00:40:10,749 during a training session in open waters. 777 00:40:10,750 --> 00:40:12,999 In honor of his Russian roots, 778 00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:16,541 the whale is given the name Hvaldimir, 779 00:40:16,542 --> 00:40:20,624 combining hval, which means whale in Norwegian, 780 00:40:20,625 --> 00:40:23,625 with Vladimir, as in Putin. 781 00:40:25,042 --> 00:40:28,374 Sadly, Hvaldimir's story does not have a happy ending. 782 00:40:28,375 --> 00:40:31,041 In 2024, his body is discovered floating 783 00:40:31,042 --> 00:40:33,166 in Risavika Bay in Norway. 784 00:40:33,167 --> 00:40:35,582 Of course, given his reported spy background, 785 00:40:35,583 --> 00:40:38,124 rumors began to fly that he's been taken out 786 00:40:38,125 --> 00:40:39,749 by the Russians. 787 00:40:39,750 --> 00:40:42,749 But the Norwegian Veterinary Institute does an autopsy 788 00:40:42,750 --> 00:40:44,582 and determines that Hvaldimir died 789 00:40:44,583 --> 00:40:46,541 from a bacterial infection. 790 00:40:46,542 --> 00:40:49,124 To this day, Russia has neither confirmed 791 00:40:49,125 --> 00:40:51,582 nor denied Hvaldimir's origins. 792 00:40:51,583 --> 00:40:53,083 But one thing is certain, 793 00:40:53,208 --> 00:40:57,374 whether he was a runaway spy or just a very confused beluga, 794 00:40:57,375 --> 00:41:00,416 this giant whale left behind a legacy 795 00:41:00,417 --> 00:41:02,500 that was larger than life. 796 00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:08,999 A colossal city buried in the jungle, 797 00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:12,707 a massive mammal working as a secret agent, 798 00:41:12,708 --> 00:41:17,207 and a metropolis unearthed 200 feet below the surface. 799 00:41:17,208 --> 00:41:19,749 Sometimes gigantic discoveries 800 00:41:19,750 --> 00:41:22,207 lead to even bigger revelations. 801 00:41:22,208 --> 00:41:23,541 I'm Danny Trejo. 802 00:41:23,542 --> 00:41:25,833 Thanks for watching Mysteries Unearthed. 66422

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