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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:02:20,391 --> 00:02:22,893 When I sit down to write a book, 2 00:02:23,185 --> 00:02:25,478 I do not say to myself, 3 00:02:25,479 --> 00:02:27,773 "I'm going to produce a work of art." 4 00:02:29,608 --> 00:02:33,904 I write it because there is some lie that I want to expose, 5 00:02:34,697 --> 00:02:37,908 some fact to which I want to draw attention, 6 00:02:39,159 --> 00:02:42,746 and my initial concern is to get a hearing. 7 00:02:44,832 --> 00:02:49,545 My starting point is always a feeling of partisanship, 8 00:02:50,254 --> 00:02:52,590 a sense of injustice. 9 00:02:59,847 --> 00:03:01,265 Two and two. 10 00:03:01,891 --> 00:03:03,433 Four. 11 00:03:03,434 --> 00:03:04,935 -Again? - Four. 12 00:03:05,436 --> 00:03:08,230 Good, there are people who'll tell you the answer's five. 13 00:03:12,109 --> 00:03:14,612 Usually, they're called government. 14 00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:17,740 Great leaders, 15 00:03:19,491 --> 00:03:21,577 it becomes very important to them 16 00:03:22,369 --> 00:03:25,831 that the people should believe that the answer's five. 17 00:03:26,498 --> 00:03:28,292 They'll tell you lies. 18 00:03:29,835 --> 00:03:31,545 They'll torture you. 19 00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:34,757 They'll kill you. 20 00:03:37,134 --> 00:03:39,178 At the moment of death, 21 00:03:39,970 --> 00:03:42,556 you must still insist that the answer 22 00:03:43,098 --> 00:03:44,599 is four. 23 00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:15,839 April 18th, 1984. 24 00:04:17,883 --> 00:04:19,510 Nobody keeps a diary today. 25 00:04:20,719 --> 00:04:24,807 Because to do so would be punishable by death. 26 00:04:31,105 --> 00:04:32,606 I don't care anymore. 27 00:04:34,024 --> 00:04:36,609 I found this old book by chance. 28 00:04:39,029 --> 00:04:42,700 I'm going to set down what I dare not say aloud to anyone. 29 00:04:52,001 --> 00:04:55,962 This, in 1984, is London, 30 00:04:55,963 --> 00:04:58,464 chief city of Airstrip 1, 31 00:04:58,465 --> 00:05:01,260 a province of the state of Oceania. 32 00:05:18,277 --> 00:05:22,448 From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, 33 00:05:23,532 --> 00:05:26,909 I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. 34 00:05:28,454 --> 00:05:32,331 I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories 35 00:05:32,332 --> 00:05:36,128 and holding conversations with imaginary persons. 36 00:05:37,504 --> 00:05:40,214 I knew that I had a facility with words 37 00:05:40,215 --> 00:05:43,135 and a power of facing unpleasant facts, 38 00:05:44,428 --> 00:05:47,513 and I felt that this created a sort of private world 39 00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:49,640 in which I could get my own back 40 00:05:49,641 --> 00:05:52,519 for my failure in everyday life. 41 00:05:54,188 --> 00:05:57,649 I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels. 42 00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:59,128 There's no such thing as "Rohingya." 43 00:07:17,604 --> 00:07:21,440 I do not think one can assess a writer's motives 44 00:07:21,441 --> 00:07:24,695 without knowing something of his early development. 45 00:07:36,957 --> 00:07:41,502 His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives in. 46 00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:45,840 At least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages 47 00:07:45,841 --> 00:07:47,259 like our own. 48 00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:58,811 {\an8}When I was not yet 20, 49 00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:02,357 I went to Burma in the Indian Imperial Police. 50 00:08:06,862 --> 00:08:10,072 In an outpost of empire like Burma, 51 00:08:10,073 --> 00:08:14,244 the class question appeared at first sight to have been shelved. 52 00:08:14,828 --> 00:08:17,038 Most of the white men in Burma 53 00:08:17,039 --> 00:08:21,209 were not of the type who in England would be called gentlemen, 54 00:08:21,210 --> 00:08:24,420 but they were white men in contradistinction 55 00:08:24,421 --> 00:08:27,173 to the other and inferior class, 56 00:08:27,174 --> 00:08:28,467 the natives. 57 00:08:31,595 --> 00:08:33,512 In the free air of England, 58 00:08:33,513 --> 00:08:37,059 that kind of thing is not fully intelligible. 59 00:08:38,227 --> 00:08:40,270 In order to hate imperialism, 60 00:08:40,729 --> 00:08:42,439 you've got to be part of it, 61 00:08:43,106 --> 00:08:46,275 but it is not possible to be part of such a system 62 00:08:46,276 --> 00:08:50,530 without recognizing it as an unjustifiable tyranny. 63 00:08:51,573 --> 00:08:55,993 Even the thickest-skinned Anglo-Indian is aware of this. 64 00:08:55,994 --> 00:08:58,663 Every native face he sees in the street 65 00:08:58,664 --> 00:09:02,458 brings home to him his monstrous intrusion. 66 00:09:04,002 --> 00:09:06,170 But I was in the police, 67 00:09:06,171 --> 00:09:10,424 which is to say that I was part of the actual machinery 68 00:09:10,425 --> 00:09:11,968 of despotism. 69 00:09:19,810 --> 00:09:23,438 When I came home on leave in 1927, 70 00:09:24,273 --> 00:09:27,942 I was already half determined to throw up my job, 71 00:09:27,943 --> 00:09:31,238 and one sniff of English air decided me. 72 00:09:32,614 --> 00:09:36,535 For five years, I have been part of an oppressive system 73 00:09:37,286 --> 00:09:39,996 and it left me with a bad conscience. 74 00:09:39,997 --> 00:09:43,249 Innumerable remembered faces, 75 00:09:43,250 --> 00:09:45,210 faces of prisoners in the dark, 76 00:09:46,211 --> 00:09:49,630 of men waiting in the condemned cells, 77 00:09:49,631 --> 00:09:51,674 of subordinates I had bullied 78 00:09:51,675 --> 00:09:54,219 and aged peasants I had snubbed, 79 00:09:54,928 --> 00:09:57,847 of servants and coolies I had hit with my fist 80 00:09:57,848 --> 00:09:59,474 in moments of rage 81 00:10:00,017 --> 00:10:02,227 haunted me intolerably. 82 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,797 They killed my son! They killed my son! 83 00:10:43,352 --> 00:10:48,440 No book is genuinely free from political bias. 84 00:10:49,775 --> 00:10:54,070 The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics 85 00:10:54,071 --> 00:10:56,947 is itself a political attitude. 86 00:11:20,013 --> 00:11:22,682 Don't go into the school compound! 87 00:11:23,892 --> 00:11:25,644 Don't! 88 00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:28,814 Don't touch her! 89 00:11:29,606 --> 00:11:31,733 Don't touch my mom! 90 00:11:31,983 --> 00:11:34,444 Don't take her away! 91 00:11:37,406 --> 00:11:40,908 {\an8}I had reduced everything to the simple theory 92 00:11:40,909 --> 00:11:45,288 {\an8}that the oppressed are always right and the oppressors are always wrong, 93 00:11:46,832 --> 00:11:50,084 a mistaken theory, but the natural result 94 00:11:50,085 --> 00:11:52,754 of being one of the oppressors yourself. 95 00:12:13,191 --> 00:12:15,818 A society becomes totalitarian 96 00:12:15,819 --> 00:12:19,865 when its structure becomes flagrantly artificial, 97 00:12:20,449 --> 00:12:21,699 that is, 98 00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:24,994 when its ruling class has lost its function, 99 00:12:24,995 --> 00:12:29,833 but succeeds in clinging to power by force or fraud, 100 00:12:31,501 --> 00:12:34,462 but to be corrupted by totalitarianism, 101 00:12:34,463 --> 00:12:38,132 one does not have to live in a totalitarian country. 102 00:12:50,145 --> 00:12:51,729 Tonight, I wanted to take a few minutes 103 00:12:51,730 --> 00:12:53,773 to discuss a grave threat to peace. 104 00:12:54,274 --> 00:12:56,026 The threat comes from Iraq. 105 00:12:57,569 --> 00:13:01,156 It arises directly from the Iraqi regime's own actions, 106 00:13:02,657 --> 00:13:04,284 its history of aggression, 107 00:13:04,868 --> 00:13:08,205 and its drive toward an arsenal of terror. 108 00:13:08,622 --> 00:13:11,081 We're at war with the people of Eurasia, 109 00:13:11,082 --> 00:13:14,251 the vile and ruthless aggressors who have committed countless atrocities 110 00:13:14,252 --> 00:13:17,422 and who are guilty of every bestial crime a human being can commit. 111 00:13:17,797 --> 00:13:20,758 They've laid waste to our land, destroyed our factories, 112 00:13:20,759 --> 00:13:23,887 looted our homes, massacred our children, and raped our women! 113 00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:28,849 {\an8}When Iraq finally admitted to having these weapons in 1995, 114 00:13:28,850 --> 00:13:31,018 {\an8}the quantities were vast. 115 00:13:31,019 --> 00:13:33,979 {\an8}Less than a teaspoon of dry anthrax, 116 00:13:33,980 --> 00:13:36,440 {\an8}a little bit... about this amount. 117 00:13:36,441 --> 00:13:39,193 {\an8} This kind of thing happens everywhere, 118 00:13:39,194 --> 00:13:43,989 {\an8}but it is clearly likelier to lead to outright falsification 119 00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:49,703 {\an8}in societies where only one opinion is permissible at any given moment. 120 00:13:49,704 --> 00:13:54,042 {\an8}I've made the decision to conduct a special military operation. 121 00:13:56,378 --> 00:14:00,089 Its aim will be to protect those who have been persecuted 122 00:14:00,090 --> 00:14:03,802 in the Kyiv regime's genocide these past eight years. 123 00:14:04,678 --> 00:14:08,430 Our goal therefore will be to de-militarize 124 00:14:08,431 --> 00:14:09,975 and de-nazify Ukraine. 125 00:14:13,228 --> 00:14:17,314 The organized lying practiced by totalitarian states 126 00:14:17,315 --> 00:14:20,359 is not, as is sometimes claimed, 127 00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:23,487 a temporary expedient of the same nature 128 00:14:23,488 --> 00:14:25,615 as military deception. 129 00:14:26,199 --> 00:14:30,077 It is something integral to totalitarianism, 130 00:14:30,078 --> 00:14:32,371 something that would still continue 131 00:14:32,372 --> 00:14:36,375 even if concentration camps and secret police forces 132 00:14:36,376 --> 00:14:38,837 had ceased to be necessary. 133 00:14:40,130 --> 00:14:43,507 Totalitarianism demands, in fact, 134 00:14:43,508 --> 00:14:46,802 the continuous alteration of the past 135 00:14:46,803 --> 00:14:50,264 and, in the long run, probably demands a disbelief 136 00:14:50,265 --> 00:14:54,226 in the very existence of objective truth. 137 00:14:54,227 --> 00:14:57,564 {\an8}Had we not engaged in our special military operation, 138 00:14:57,856 --> 00:15:01,276 {\an8}they would have attacked Russia. 139 00:15:01,651 --> 00:15:04,571 {\an8}They, the Nazis, had long been preparing an attack. 140 00:15:05,363 --> 00:15:07,615 How many fingers am I holding up, Winston? 141 00:15:07,616 --> 00:15:08,824 Four. 142 00:15:08,825 --> 00:15:13,078 And if Big Brother were to say not four but five, 143 00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:14,414 then how many? 144 00:15:16,207 --> 00:15:17,083 Four. 145 00:15:19,961 --> 00:15:21,837 How many fingers, Winston? 146 00:15:21,838 --> 00:15:24,590 Stop it! Anything! Five! 147 00:15:24,591 --> 00:15:26,300 - Stop the pain! -No, Winston. 148 00:15:26,301 --> 00:15:29,470 There's no use, you are lying. You still think you see four. 149 00:15:29,471 --> 00:15:31,138 But it's five! 150 00:15:31,139 --> 00:15:33,432 Two and two do not always make four, Winston. 151 00:15:33,433 --> 00:15:37,269 Sometimes they make five. Again, how many fingers am I holding up. 152 00:15:40,315 --> 00:15:43,693 August 26, 1946. 153 00:15:44,277 --> 00:15:46,862 A few showers in the afternoon, 154 00:15:46,863 --> 00:15:49,157 otherwise a beautiful day. 155 00:15:50,742 --> 00:15:54,078 When the breeze drops, the midges were so bad 156 00:15:54,079 --> 00:15:56,790 as to make it almost impossible to work. 157 00:15:57,540 --> 00:16:01,293 One is actually breathing them into one's nostrils, 158 00:16:01,294 --> 00:16:03,672 and the irritation is maddening. 159 00:16:11,513 --> 00:16:14,598 I was born into what you might describe 160 00:16:14,599 --> 00:16:17,268 as the lower upper-middle class. 161 00:16:20,105 --> 00:16:23,399 People in this class owned no land, 162 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:27,152 but they felt that they were landowners in the sight of God 163 00:16:27,153 --> 00:16:29,406 and kept up a semi-aristocratic outlook 164 00:16:30,198 --> 00:16:34,243 {\an8}by going into the professions and the fighting services 165 00:16:34,244 --> 00:16:36,329 rather than into trade. 166 00:16:39,416 --> 00:16:44,545 To belong to this class, when you were at the 400-pound-a-year level, 167 00:16:44,546 --> 00:16:46,797 was a queer business 168 00:16:46,798 --> 00:16:51,261 for it meant that your gentility was almost purely theoretical. 169 00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:56,265 Small boys used to count the plum stones on their plates 170 00:16:56,266 --> 00:16:59,393 and foretell their destiny by chanting, 171 00:16:59,394 --> 00:17:03,647 "Army, Navy, Church, Medicine, Law." 172 00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:09,486 Theoretically, you knew all about servants 173 00:17:09,487 --> 00:17:11,238 and how to tip them, 174 00:17:11,239 --> 00:17:16,244 although in practice, you had one, at most two resident servants. 175 00:17:18,079 --> 00:17:21,373 Theoretically, you knew how to wear your clothes 176 00:17:21,374 --> 00:17:23,375 and how to order a dinner, 177 00:17:23,376 --> 00:17:28,130 although in practice you could never afford to go to a decent tailor 178 00:17:28,131 --> 00:17:30,216 or a decent restaurant. 179 00:17:30,925 --> 00:17:34,887 Theoretically, you knew how to shoot and ride, 180 00:17:34,888 --> 00:17:38,599 although in practice you had no horses to ride 181 00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:41,518 and not an inch of ground to shoot over. 182 00:17:43,813 --> 00:17:47,775 It was this that explained the attraction of India, 183 00:17:47,776 --> 00:17:51,445 more recently Kenya, Nigeria, etc., 184 00:17:51,446 --> 00:17:53,865 for the lower upper-middle class. 185 00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:59,161 The people who went there as soldiers and officials 186 00:17:59,162 --> 00:18:01,246 did not go there to make money, 187 00:18:01,247 --> 00:18:05,250 for a soldier or an official does not want money. 188 00:18:05,251 --> 00:18:08,212 They went there because in India, 189 00:18:08,213 --> 00:18:11,423 with cheap horses, free shooting, 190 00:18:11,424 --> 00:18:13,509 and hordes of black servants, 191 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:17,679 it was so easy to play at being a gentleman. 192 00:18:27,315 --> 00:18:30,109 This is your cook. Name's Eza. 193 00:18:30,819 --> 00:18:31,653 Eza. 194 00:18:37,075 --> 00:18:40,161 And this is Juma, houseboy. 195 00:18:41,746 --> 00:18:42,664 Juma. 196 00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:48,794 Come. See your house. 197 00:19:02,100 --> 00:19:04,184 Under the capitalist system, 198 00:19:04,185 --> 00:19:07,521 in order that England may live in comparative comfort, 199 00:19:07,522 --> 00:19:12,569 100 million Indians must live on the verge of starvation. 200 00:19:13,945 --> 00:19:17,364 The alternative is to throw the empire overboard 201 00:19:17,365 --> 00:19:22,286 and reduce England to a cold and unimportant, little island 202 00:19:22,287 --> 00:19:24,746 where we should all have to work very hard 203 00:19:24,747 --> 00:19:28,167 and live mainly on herrings and potatoes. 204 00:19:29,502 --> 00:19:31,795 The fact that has got to be faced 205 00:19:31,796 --> 00:19:34,757 is that to abolish class distinctions 206 00:19:35,383 --> 00:19:37,176 means abolishing a part of yourself. 207 00:19:40,388 --> 00:19:44,517 Here am I, a typical member of the middle class. 208 00:19:45,018 --> 00:19:49,521 All my notions, notions of good and evil, 209 00:19:49,522 --> 00:19:52,399 of pleasant and unpleasant, 210 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:54,277 of funny and serious, 211 00:19:54,861 --> 00:19:57,155 of ugly and beautiful, 212 00:19:57,697 --> 00:20:00,657 are essentially middle-class notions. 213 00:20:10,543 --> 00:20:13,378 Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital, 214 00:20:13,379 --> 00:20:16,007 East Kilbridge near Glasgow, 215 00:20:16,799 --> 00:20:19,636 first of January, 1948. 216 00:20:27,268 --> 00:20:31,564 Dear Gwen, I believe Mr. Dick sent you a line about my case. 217 00:20:32,273 --> 00:20:36,151 He said I had a fairly extensive cavity in the left lung 218 00:20:36,152 --> 00:20:39,405 and also a small patch at the top of the other lung. 219 00:20:40,281 --> 00:20:44,576 The treatment they are giving me is to put the left lung out of action, 220 00:20:44,577 --> 00:20:47,622 which is supposed to give it a better chance to heal. 221 00:20:48,790 --> 00:20:52,710 For the rest, I am still really very ill and weak. 222 00:20:53,628 --> 00:20:58,423 It is a nice hospital and everyone is extremely kind to me, 223 00:20:58,424 --> 00:21:02,303 but I have, of course, done no work for two or three months. 224 00:21:25,868 --> 00:21:29,871 "Some Eurasian prisoners, guilty of war crimes, 225 00:21:29,872 --> 00:21:32,417 were to be hanged in the park that evening," 226 00:21:33,209 --> 00:21:34,877 Winston remembered. 227 00:21:35,586 --> 00:21:39,424 This happened about once a month and was a popular spectacle. 228 00:21:41,050 --> 00:21:44,302 Children always clamored to be taken to see it. 229 00:21:44,303 --> 00:21:45,805 "Why can't we go and see the hanging?" 230 00:21:46,597 --> 00:21:49,474 roared the boy in his huge voice. 231 00:21:49,475 --> 00:21:52,644 "Want to see the hanging," chanted the little girl, 232 00:21:52,645 --> 00:21:54,355 still capering 'round. 233 00:21:58,526 --> 00:22:02,697 The warders had formed in a rough circle around the gallows, 234 00:22:03,239 --> 00:22:06,241 and then, when the noose was fixed, 235 00:22:06,242 --> 00:22:09,037 the prisoner began crying out on his god. 236 00:22:18,838 --> 00:22:20,923 Minutes seemed to pass. 237 00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:24,676 The steady, muffled crying from the prisoner 238 00:22:24,677 --> 00:22:26,554 went on and on. 239 00:22:27,221 --> 00:22:30,807 We looked at the lashed, hooded man on the drop 240 00:22:30,808 --> 00:22:33,268 and listened to his cries, 241 00:22:33,269 --> 00:22:35,855 each cry another second of life. 242 00:22:36,272 --> 00:22:39,149 Oh, kill him quickly. Get it over. 243 00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:41,068 Stop that abominable noise. 244 00:22:52,872 --> 00:22:56,333 Most people approve of capital punishment, 245 00:22:56,334 --> 00:23:00,046 but most people wouldn't do the hangman's job. 246 00:23:07,595 --> 00:23:09,262 An example needs to be made! 247 00:23:09,263 --> 00:23:12,225 -Let us in! -Get in there! 248 00:23:21,609 --> 00:23:22,944 {\an8}Are they trying to get rid of all of us? 249 00:23:27,949 --> 00:23:31,034 These were peaceful people. These were great people. 250 00:23:31,035 --> 00:23:33,745 The crowd was unbelievable, 251 00:23:33,746 --> 00:23:36,289 and I mentioned the word "love," the love, the love in the air, 252 00:23:36,290 --> 00:23:38,250 I've never seen anything like it. 253 00:23:38,251 --> 00:23:39,626 Get in! 254 00:23:41,879 --> 00:23:44,382 Go! Go! Go! 255 00:23:47,176 --> 00:23:49,011 Come on, go! 256 00:23:55,143 --> 00:23:58,812 Oh, this is about to get dirty, man. We gotta get back. 257 00:23:58,813 --> 00:24:00,439 He's got a gun. Get down. 258 00:24:12,994 --> 00:24:14,287 Hey! 259 00:24:15,163 --> 00:24:16,664 Fuckin' A, man. 260 00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:21,711 {\an8}No! We're not putting up with that either. 261 00:24:24,714 --> 00:24:26,507 1776! 262 00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:31,304 America showed up! 263 00:24:37,393 --> 00:24:42,148 {\an8}FBI operatives were organizing the attack on the Capitol. 264 00:24:56,078 --> 00:24:57,746 I don't believe 265 00:24:57,747 --> 00:24:59,289 {\an8}that Trump supporters did that. 266 00:24:59,290 --> 00:25:02,083 {\an8}I think that they were enticed by the FBI. 267 00:25:04,921 --> 00:25:09,425 A totalitarian state is in effect a theocracy 268 00:25:09,884 --> 00:25:11,760 and its ruling caste, 269 00:25:11,761 --> 00:25:13,887 in order to keep its position, 270 00:25:13,888 --> 00:25:16,307 has to be thought of as infallible. 271 00:25:17,850 --> 00:25:20,018 Congress has certified the results. 272 00:25:20,019 --> 00:25:22,021 I don't want to say the election's over. I just want to say... 273 00:25:23,814 --> 00:25:25,690 Congress has certified the results 274 00:25:25,691 --> 00:25:28,194 without saying the election's over, OK? 275 00:25:28,611 --> 00:25:32,406 My only goal was to ensure the integrity of the vote. 276 00:25:34,033 --> 00:25:37,703 My only goal was to ensure the integrity of the vote. 277 00:25:38,621 --> 00:25:43,542 Since, in practice, no one is infallible, it is frequently necessary 278 00:25:44,126 --> 00:25:46,378 to rearrange past events 279 00:25:46,379 --> 00:25:50,715 in order to show that this or that mistake was not made 280 00:25:50,716 --> 00:25:54,886 or that this or that imaginary triumph actually happened. 281 00:25:54,887 --> 00:25:57,389 The Dominion Voting Systems, 282 00:25:57,390 --> 00:26:00,809 the Smartmatic technology software, 283 00:26:00,810 --> 00:26:02,310 and the software that goes 284 00:26:02,311 --> 00:26:05,480 in other computerized voting systems here as well, 285 00:26:05,481 --> 00:26:07,190 not just Dominion, 286 00:26:07,191 --> 00:26:10,568 were created in Venezuela. 287 00:26:28,129 --> 00:26:32,841 You can tell he hasn't done anything wrong just by his demeanor. 288 00:26:32,842 --> 00:26:35,343 I mean, he would be trying to hide things. 289 00:26:35,344 --> 00:26:37,721 Already, there are countless people 290 00:26:37,722 --> 00:26:41,434 who'd think it scandalous to falsify a scientific textbook, 291 00:26:42,018 --> 00:26:46,271 but would see nothing wrong in falsifying a historical fact. 292 00:26:46,272 --> 00:26:49,483 Trump is blocking witnesses. 293 00:26:52,737 --> 00:26:53,696 I don't care. 294 00:26:57,783 --> 00:26:59,409 I'm with him to the finish. 295 00:26:59,410 --> 00:27:02,162 He could stand on the front steps of the White House 296 00:27:02,163 --> 00:27:05,457 and commit murder, and I'm with him. 297 00:27:14,884 --> 00:27:17,260 How do you explain all these charges? 298 00:27:17,261 --> 00:27:19,262 Well, they're all made up. 299 00:27:19,263 --> 00:27:22,474 - They're all made up? - Yup, they're all made up. 300 00:27:22,475 --> 00:27:24,434 So, the election interference in Georgia. 301 00:27:24,435 --> 00:27:28,355 Sidney Powell and Kenneth Chesebro, who work for Donald Trump, 302 00:27:28,356 --> 00:27:30,523 they just plead guilty... 303 00:27:30,524 --> 00:27:34,319 - I don't believe that either. - You don't believe they plead guilty? 304 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:35,237 Nope. 305 00:27:35,988 --> 00:27:39,282 The friends of totalitarianism in this country 306 00:27:39,283 --> 00:27:42,869 usually tend to argue that, since absolute truth 307 00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:44,579 is not attainable, 308 00:27:44,580 --> 00:27:49,085 a big lie is no worse than a little lie. 309 00:27:50,044 --> 00:27:54,798 {\an8}The list of Trump lies filled an entire page 310 00:27:54,799 --> 00:27:56,175 {\an8}of The New York Times. 311 00:27:56,842 --> 00:27:59,386 It includes only what the Times calls 312 00:27:59,387 --> 00:28:02,389 "demonstrably false statements." 313 00:28:33,421 --> 00:28:36,798 Second of January, 1948. 314 00:28:36,799 --> 00:28:41,261 Dear Julian, thanks ever so for sending the pen, 315 00:28:41,262 --> 00:28:43,639 which, as you see, I am using. 316 00:28:44,723 --> 00:28:47,392 I think I'm getting a bit better. 317 00:28:47,393 --> 00:28:51,522 I don't feel quite so death-like and I'm eating a lot more. 318 00:28:51,981 --> 00:28:55,150 I can't show you the part-finished novel. 319 00:28:55,151 --> 00:28:57,444 I never show them to anybody 320 00:28:57,445 --> 00:28:59,612 because they're just a mess 321 00:28:59,613 --> 00:29:03,616 and don't have much of a relationship to the final draft. 322 00:29:03,617 --> 00:29:06,995 I always say a book doesn't exist 323 00:29:06,996 --> 00:29:08,622 until it is finished. 324 00:29:17,715 --> 00:29:20,633 Every major change in policy 325 00:29:20,634 --> 00:29:24,345 demands a corresponding change of doctrine 326 00:29:24,346 --> 00:29:28,100 and a revelation of prominent historical figures. 327 00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:48,203 If the leader says of such-and-such an event, 328 00:29:48,204 --> 00:29:50,246 "It never happened," 329 00:29:50,247 --> 00:29:52,666 well, it never happened. 330 00:29:53,834 --> 00:29:57,045 If he says that two and two are five, 331 00:29:57,046 --> 00:30:00,007 well, two and two are five. 332 00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,720 This prospect frightens me much more than bombs 333 00:30:05,513 --> 00:30:07,848 and that is not a frivolous statement. 334 00:30:10,351 --> 00:30:11,769 My friends, 335 00:30:12,019 --> 00:30:16,357 our descendants will smile on what we'll accomplish. 336 00:30:17,191 --> 00:30:21,361 The age to come will be an age of fulfillment. 337 00:30:21,362 --> 00:30:24,239 {\an8}The Life of Rosa Parks, 338 00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:28,409 {\an8}this is apparently too woke by the Republican Party. 339 00:30:28,410 --> 00:30:30,578 {\an8}Song of Solomon 340 00:30:30,579 --> 00:30:34,082 {\an8}is unacceptable to Republican politics. 341 00:30:34,083 --> 00:30:37,752 {\an8}Forty percent of banned books 342 00:30:37,753 --> 00:30:41,297 {\an8}reported are significantly addressing 343 00:30:41,298 --> 00:30:43,926 {\an8}and specifically addressing LGBT issues. 344 00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:31,139 {\an8}When we talk about progressive values, 345 00:31:31,140 --> 00:31:33,766 {\an8}I can say what my progressive value is, 346 00:31:33,767 --> 00:31:36,311 {\an8}and that is freedom over fascism. 347 00:32:40,834 --> 00:32:43,420 {\an8}Let's say you take these books out of the library. 348 00:32:44,088 --> 00:32:47,298 {\an8}What are you gonna do with them? Are you gonna put them in the street? 349 00:32:47,299 --> 00:32:50,510 {\an8}Light them on fire? Where are they going? 350 00:32:50,511 --> 00:32:53,263 {\an8}I don't have a clue, but I would burn them. 351 00:33:08,112 --> 00:33:10,863 {\an8} From the totalitarian point of view, 352 00:33:10,864 --> 00:33:13,033 {\an8}history is something to be created 353 00:33:13,575 --> 00:33:15,160 {\an8}rather than learned. 354 00:33:17,621 --> 00:33:19,747 This is what I will do to the grooming books 355 00:33:19,748 --> 00:33:21,667 when I become Secretary of State. 356 00:33:40,018 --> 00:33:45,274 Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital, 20th of April, 1948. 357 00:33:45,941 --> 00:33:49,193 Dear Julian, I am a lot better, 358 00:33:49,194 --> 00:33:51,988 but I had a bad fortnight with the secondary effects 359 00:33:51,989 --> 00:33:53,741 of the streptomycin. 360 00:33:54,658 --> 00:33:57,618 I am still fearfully weak and thin, 361 00:33:57,619 --> 00:34:00,037 but they seem pleased with my case, 362 00:34:00,038 --> 00:34:02,249 and I think I may get out sometime during the summer. 363 00:34:04,001 --> 00:34:07,462 I'm longing to get up to Jura at any rate 364 00:34:07,463 --> 00:34:09,965 and see how the farmwork is going, 365 00:34:10,549 --> 00:34:13,217 but I should have to be careful not to do much. 366 00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:29,067 The goosestep is one of the most horrible sights in the world. 367 00:34:29,610 --> 00:34:33,113 It is simply an affirmation of naked power. 368 00:34:33,822 --> 00:34:38,076 In it is the vision of a boot crashing down on a face. 369 00:34:39,787 --> 00:34:41,580 The goosestep is not used in England 370 00:34:42,247 --> 00:34:45,374 because the people in the street would laugh. 371 00:35:08,023 --> 00:35:10,191 First, I spent five years 372 00:35:10,192 --> 00:35:13,403 in an unsuitable profession in Burma. 373 00:35:14,238 --> 00:35:17,783 This increased my natural hatred of authority. 374 00:35:26,166 --> 00:35:28,668 The Spanish war and other events 375 00:35:28,669 --> 00:35:32,047 in 1936-7 turned the scale, 376 00:35:33,090 --> 00:35:36,426 and thereafter I knew where I stood. 377 00:35:43,308 --> 00:35:47,062 OK, who wants to take the floor? 378 00:35:47,938 --> 00:35:48,729 Teresa. 379 00:35:48,730 --> 00:35:50,147 We have to collectivize. 380 00:35:50,148 --> 00:35:53,401 The men at the front 381 00:35:53,402 --> 00:35:55,653 have no food 382 00:35:55,654 --> 00:35:58,448 and the fascists have left next to nothing to the villagers. 383 00:35:58,699 --> 00:36:03,160 The village hasn't got enough food. 384 00:36:03,161 --> 00:36:05,496 We must collectivize as soon as possible. 385 00:36:05,497 --> 00:36:07,957 We need food for ourselves 386 00:36:07,958 --> 00:36:11,753 and those fighting for us at the front. 387 00:36:12,796 --> 00:36:17,717 I'm all for collectivizing Don Julian's lands 388 00:36:17,718 --> 00:36:22,889 and redistribution in every form, 389 00:36:22,890 --> 00:36:26,727 but surely we can keep a little bit for ourselves, right? 390 00:36:39,364 --> 00:36:41,991 Miguel, what is it you want to say? 391 00:36:41,992 --> 00:36:45,703 I'd like to say to our friend here 392 00:36:45,704 --> 00:36:48,915 that it's very good he wants to work his own land, 393 00:36:48,916 --> 00:36:53,503 but how much better would it be if we all worked it together? 394 00:36:54,379 --> 00:36:56,964 When the harvest is ready, 395 00:36:56,965 --> 00:36:59,634 are you going to eat all the wheat 396 00:36:59,635 --> 00:37:01,802 and all the potatoes? 397 00:37:01,803 --> 00:37:03,387 You've got it all wrong. 398 00:37:03,388 --> 00:37:07,224 We need everything we have 399 00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:12,104 to be able... to keep the revolution going. 400 00:37:12,105 --> 00:37:16,150 If we want revolution, this is what it looks like. 401 00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:17,443 Don't wait for tomorrow. 402 00:37:17,444 --> 00:37:19,070 Jose, there's more at stake than land. 403 00:37:19,071 --> 00:37:21,656 We have to build a new society. 404 00:37:21,657 --> 00:37:25,118 Not everyone all at once! Wait a moment! 405 00:37:26,203 --> 00:37:29,664 Now's the time to make big changes. What's our lot? 406 00:37:29,665 --> 00:37:31,749 Misery, hunger, hopelessness. 407 00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:36,170 Franco might come back and kill us, 408 00:37:36,171 --> 00:37:40,216 but I say it's worth it to continue collectivizing 409 00:37:40,217 --> 00:37:42,469 to improve our quality of life. 410 00:37:44,221 --> 00:37:45,347 Let's vote! 411 00:37:45,722 --> 00:37:48,350 All those in favor of collectivization? 412 00:38:02,906 --> 00:38:06,201 31st of July, 1937. 413 00:38:06,868 --> 00:38:10,497 Dear Rayner, thanks so much for your letter. 414 00:38:10,956 --> 00:38:13,833 I was glad to hear from you. 415 00:38:13,834 --> 00:38:17,796 We had an interesting but thoroughly bloody time in Spain. 416 00:38:18,797 --> 00:38:21,882 Of course, I would never have allowed Eileen to come 417 00:38:21,883 --> 00:38:24,385 nor probably gone myself 418 00:38:24,386 --> 00:38:27,096 {\an8}if I had foreseen the political developments. 419 00:38:27,097 --> 00:38:30,516 {\an8}Especially the suppression of the POUM, 420 00:38:30,517 --> 00:38:32,476 {\an8}the party in whose militia 421 00:38:32,477 --> 00:38:33,895 {\an8}I was serving. 422 00:38:40,569 --> 00:38:42,611 It was a queer business. 423 00:38:42,612 --> 00:38:46,449 {\an8}We started off by being heroic defenders of democracy 424 00:38:46,450 --> 00:38:49,326 {\an8}and ended by slipping over the border 425 00:38:49,327 --> 00:38:51,496 {\an8}with the police panting on our heels. 426 00:38:52,497 --> 00:38:55,124 But though we ourselves got out all right, 427 00:38:55,125 --> 00:38:58,961 nearly all our friends and acquaintances are in jail 428 00:38:58,962 --> 00:39:01,630 and likely to be there indefinitely 429 00:39:01,631 --> 00:39:04,175 not actually charged with anything, 430 00:39:04,176 --> 00:39:06,928 but suspected of Trotskyism. 431 00:39:07,846 --> 00:39:12,142 {\an8}What I saw in Spain has given me a horror of politics. 432 00:39:14,936 --> 00:39:16,937 {\an8}But what impressed me then 433 00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:19,024 and has impressed me ever since 434 00:39:19,775 --> 00:39:23,027 {\an8}is that atrocities are believed in or disbelieved in 435 00:39:23,028 --> 00:39:25,781 {\an8}solely on grounds of political predilection. 436 00:39:28,283 --> 00:39:31,535 {\an8}Everyone believes in the atrocities of the enemy 437 00:39:31,536 --> 00:39:34,705 {\an8}and disbelieves in those of his own side 438 00:39:34,706 --> 00:39:38,417 without ever bothering to examine the evidence. 439 00:39:48,470 --> 00:39:54,266 Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 440 00:39:54,267 --> 00:39:57,436 has been written directly or indirectly 441 00:39:57,437 --> 00:39:59,730 against totalitarianism 442 00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:02,901 and for democratic socialism as I understand it. 443 00:40:03,985 --> 00:40:06,070 Revolution! 444 00:40:07,781 --> 00:40:11,617 Animal Farm was the first book in which I tried, 445 00:40:11,618 --> 00:40:14,245 with full consciousness of what I was doing, 446 00:40:14,246 --> 00:40:18,040 to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose 447 00:40:18,041 --> 00:40:20,417 into one whole. 448 00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:22,629 - Read it to me. - Hm. 449 00:40:23,046 --> 00:40:25,590 "All animals are equal 450 00:40:26,591 --> 00:40:30,177 but some animals are more equal than others." 451 00:40:30,178 --> 00:40:32,179 More equal than others? 452 00:40:32,180 --> 00:40:35,516 # Praise to him The font of all our wisdom # 453 00:40:35,517 --> 00:40:38,186 # Long to live the ruler of our farm # 454 00:40:38,645 --> 00:40:41,772 # Napoleon, mighty leader # 455 00:40:41,773 --> 00:40:44,568 # Mighty leader watching over us # 456 00:40:45,485 --> 00:40:48,237 # Napoleon, mighty leader # 457 00:40:48,238 --> 00:40:50,739 # Mighty leader watching over us # 458 00:40:50,740 --> 00:40:53,492 - # Mighty leader watching over us # - # Shout, shout, shout out loud # 459 00:40:53,493 --> 00:40:55,286 # Snout, snout, pink and proud # 460 00:40:55,287 --> 00:40:58,706 # Perfect pig You bless us with your beauty # 461 00:40:58,707 --> 00:41:02,209 # Hallowed hod How wonderous is your glow # 462 00:41:02,210 --> 00:41:05,254 # Napoleon, mighty leader # 463 00:41:05,255 --> 00:41:08,257 # Mighty leader watching over us # 464 00:41:08,258 --> 00:41:11,719 # Napoleon, mighty leader # 465 00:41:11,720 --> 00:41:14,639 # Mighty leader watching over us # 466 00:41:17,058 --> 00:41:23,314 # Snout, snout, pink and proud Shout, shout, shout out loud # 467 00:41:23,315 --> 00:41:25,901 # Two legs better, four legs good # 468 00:41:26,318 --> 00:41:29,111 I decree that this farm will now devote itself 469 00:41:29,112 --> 00:41:31,948 to the making of weapons, to the building of walls 470 00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:35,284 for the protection of ourselves and our way of life! 471 00:41:35,285 --> 00:41:37,245 The revolution is over. 472 00:41:38,371 --> 00:41:40,998 All animals are now free! 473 00:42:03,188 --> 00:42:06,691 Take cover at once! Take cover at once! 474 00:43:15,802 --> 00:43:19,221 Winston tried to squeeze out some childhood memory 475 00:43:19,222 --> 00:43:23,101 that should tell him whether London had always been like this. 476 00:43:23,435 --> 00:43:28,147 Were there always these vistas of rotting 19th-century houses? 477 00:43:28,148 --> 00:43:31,859 Their sides shored up with baulks of timbers, 478 00:43:31,860 --> 00:43:36,781 their windows pathed with cardboard and their roofs with corrugated iron, 479 00:43:37,449 --> 00:43:41,578 their crazy garden walls sagging in all directions, 480 00:43:42,162 --> 00:43:44,246 {\an8}and the bombed sites 481 00:43:44,247 --> 00:43:47,750 {\an8}where the plaster dust swirled in the air 482 00:43:47,751 --> 00:43:51,795 and the willow-herb straggled over the heaps of rubble 483 00:43:51,796 --> 00:43:52,963 and the places 484 00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:55,967 {\an8}where the bombs had cleared a large patch, 485 00:43:56,885 --> 00:44:01,430 {\an8}and there sprung up sordid colonies of wooden dwellings 486 00:44:01,431 --> 00:44:03,224 like chicken houses. 487 00:44:09,606 --> 00:44:12,775 But it was no use. He could not remember. 488 00:44:12,776 --> 00:44:15,361 Nothing remained of his childhood 489 00:44:15,362 --> 00:44:18,614 except a series of bright-lit tableaux 490 00:44:18,615 --> 00:44:21,283 occurring against no background 491 00:44:21,284 --> 00:44:23,703 and mostly unintelligible. 492 00:44:24,662 --> 00:44:29,166 # Sing to the sailors On the floating fortress # 493 00:44:29,167 --> 00:44:33,796 # Sing to the soldiers On the battlefields # 494 00:44:33,797 --> 00:44:38,258 # Sing to the airmen In the burning azure # 495 00:44:38,259 --> 00:44:42,346 # Sing to the farmers rising yields # 496 00:44:42,347 --> 00:44:45,891 It is not easy for me to think of my school days 497 00:44:45,892 --> 00:44:49,311 without seeming to breathe in a whiff of something cold 498 00:44:49,312 --> 00:44:50,938 and evil-smelling, 499 00:44:50,939 --> 00:44:54,483 a sort of compound of sweaty stockings, 500 00:44:54,484 --> 00:44:56,276 dirty towels, 501 00:44:56,277 --> 00:44:59,113 fecal smells blowing along corridors, 502 00:44:59,114 --> 00:45:02,449 forks with old food between the prongs, 503 00:45:02,450 --> 00:45:04,451 neck-of-mutton stew, 504 00:45:04,452 --> 00:45:06,662 and the banging doors of the lavatories 505 00:45:06,663 --> 00:45:09,790 and the echoing chamber pots in the dormitories. 506 00:45:26,641 --> 00:45:30,060 By the social standards that prevailed about me, 507 00:45:30,061 --> 00:45:33,148 I was no good and could not be any good, 508 00:45:34,023 --> 00:45:38,694 but all the different kinds of virtue seemed to be mysteriously interconnected 509 00:45:38,695 --> 00:45:41,905 and to belong to much the same people. 510 00:45:41,906 --> 00:45:43,700 It was not only money that mattered. 511 00:45:44,659 --> 00:45:48,454 There were also strength, beauty, charm, 512 00:45:48,455 --> 00:45:52,374 athleticism, and something called "guts" 513 00:45:52,375 --> 00:45:54,209 or character, 514 00:45:54,210 --> 00:45:58,840 which in reality meant the power to impose your will on others. 515 00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:03,427 I did not possess any of these qualities. 516 00:46:03,428 --> 00:46:06,847 I lived in a world of boys, gregarious animals 517 00:46:06,848 --> 00:46:10,601 questioning nothing, accepting the law of the stronger 518 00:46:10,602 --> 00:46:13,312 and avenging their own humiliations 519 00:46:13,313 --> 00:46:16,399 by passing them down to someone smaller. 520 00:46:17,025 --> 00:46:19,277 Are you suggesting we negotiate with them? 521 00:46:21,112 --> 00:46:24,991 - No, I, um... - Or recognize their sovereignty? 522 00:46:25,992 --> 00:46:28,620 I... I would... 523 00:46:29,662 --> 00:46:31,831 Speak! Say what you mean! 524 00:46:32,373 --> 00:46:36,002 I would support the motion to recognize... 525 00:46:36,544 --> 00:46:39,172 That's not what this is about. 526 00:46:39,506 --> 00:46:42,299 The question is, are they independent, 527 00:46:42,300 --> 00:46:44,010 yes or no? 528 00:46:44,886 --> 00:46:45,553 Yes. 529 00:46:46,930 --> 00:46:49,057 There are five fingers there. 530 00:46:49,891 --> 00:46:51,935 Do you see five fingers? 531 00:46:53,311 --> 00:46:54,770 Yes. 532 00:48:30,074 --> 00:48:32,452 This is a political age. 533 00:48:32,994 --> 00:48:37,122 War, fascism, concentration camps, 534 00:48:37,123 --> 00:48:40,042 rubber truncheons, atomic bombs 535 00:48:40,043 --> 00:48:42,045 are what we daily think about 536 00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:47,007 and therefore to a great extent what we write about, 537 00:48:47,008 --> 00:48:50,094 even when we do not name them openly. 538 00:48:51,888 --> 00:48:53,305 We cannot help this. 539 00:48:53,306 --> 00:48:55,557 When you are on a sinking ship, 540 00:48:55,558 --> 00:48:57,225 your thoughts 541 00:48:57,226 --> 00:48:59,354 will be about sinking ships. 542 00:49:12,992 --> 00:49:17,205 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire. 543 00:49:18,289 --> 00:49:21,626 22nd of October, 1948. 544 00:49:22,210 --> 00:49:24,878 Dear Fred, I shall finish the book, 545 00:49:24,879 --> 00:49:27,590 Deo Volente, early in November, 546 00:49:28,091 --> 00:49:30,718 and I am rather flinching from the job of typing it 547 00:49:31,219 --> 00:49:33,929 because it is a very awkward thing to do in bed 548 00:49:33,930 --> 00:49:36,432 where I still have to spend half the time. 549 00:49:38,059 --> 00:49:42,062 I can't send it away because it is an unbelievably bad manuscript 550 00:49:42,063 --> 00:49:46,108 and no one could make head or tail of it without explanation. 551 00:49:46,109 --> 00:49:50,112 I think it is a good idea, but the execution would have been better 552 00:49:50,113 --> 00:49:54,117 if I had not written it under the influence of tuberculosis. 553 00:49:54,784 --> 00:49:57,328 I haven't definitely fixed on the title, 554 00:49:57,954 --> 00:50:02,124 but I am hesitating between 1984 555 00:50:02,125 --> 00:50:05,253 and The Last Man in Europe. 556 00:50:14,762 --> 00:50:18,433 When I was 14 or 15, I was an odious, little snob, 557 00:50:19,892 --> 00:50:23,271 but no worse than other boys of my own age and class. 558 00:50:24,313 --> 00:50:27,816 I was very young, not much more than six, 559 00:50:27,817 --> 00:50:31,404 when I first became aware of class distinctions. 560 00:50:34,741 --> 00:50:37,243 Ah, I think you look pretty smart. 561 00:50:38,077 --> 00:50:39,746 You look like a gentleman. 562 00:50:41,205 --> 00:50:45,292 I despised anyone who was not describable as a gentleman, 563 00:50:45,293 --> 00:50:48,086 but I also hated the hoggishly rich, 564 00:50:48,087 --> 00:50:51,173 especially those who had grown rich too recently. 565 00:50:51,174 --> 00:50:55,010 I look down on him because I am upper class. 566 00:50:55,011 --> 00:50:58,764 I look up to him because he is upper class, 567 00:50:58,765 --> 00:51:01,892 but I look down on him because he is lower class. 568 00:51:03,436 --> 00:51:04,896 I am middle class. 569 00:51:07,732 --> 00:51:09,525 I know my place. 570 00:51:10,568 --> 00:51:13,862 Hence, at the age of 17 or 18, 571 00:51:13,863 --> 00:51:15,614 I was both a snob 572 00:51:15,615 --> 00:51:17,325 and a revolutionary. 573 00:51:18,034 --> 00:51:20,368 I was against all authority 574 00:51:20,369 --> 00:51:23,371 and I loosely described myself as a socialist, 575 00:51:23,372 --> 00:51:26,750 but I had not much grasp of what socialism meant 576 00:51:26,751 --> 00:51:30,046 and no notion that the working class were human beings. 577 00:51:30,713 --> 00:51:33,424 We'll have no pissing in the corners. 578 00:51:34,050 --> 00:51:36,259 Not allowed. Frowned upon. 579 00:51:36,260 --> 00:51:39,179 - It's not very hygienic, is it? -It's downright filthy. 580 00:51:39,180 --> 00:51:41,389 -May I ask a question? -Fire away. 581 00:51:41,390 --> 00:51:43,642 What's your views on the ozone layer? 582 00:51:43,643 --> 00:51:45,060 I'll turn a blind eye to it 583 00:51:45,061 --> 00:51:47,355 as long as it doesn't interfere with the job, anything else? 584 00:51:47,814 --> 00:51:51,316 I knew nothing about working-class conditions. 585 00:51:51,317 --> 00:51:53,360 I had read the unemployment figures, 586 00:51:53,361 --> 00:51:56,321 but I had no notion of what they implied. 587 00:51:56,322 --> 00:52:00,408 # I'm a four-loom weaver # 588 00:52:00,409 --> 00:52:04,789 # As many a one knows # 589 00:52:06,207 --> 00:52:11,545 # I've not to eat And I've worn out me clothes # 590 00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:16,341 # Me clogs are both broken # 591 00:52:16,342 --> 00:52:19,636 Above all, I did not know the essential fact 592 00:52:19,637 --> 00:52:23,431 that respectable poverty is always the worst. 593 00:52:23,432 --> 00:52:26,434 The frightful doom of a decent working man 594 00:52:26,435 --> 00:52:30,522 suddenly thrown on the streets after a lifetime of steady work, 595 00:52:30,523 --> 00:52:33,900 his agonized struggles against economic laws 596 00:52:33,901 --> 00:52:35,777 which he does not understand, 597 00:52:35,778 --> 00:52:39,699 the disintegration of families, the corroding sense of shame, 598 00:52:40,658 --> 00:52:44,202 all this was outside the range of my experience. 599 00:52:46,372 --> 00:52:51,043 When I thought of poverty, I thought of it in terms of brute starvation, 600 00:52:51,460 --> 00:52:56,089 therefore my mind turned immediately to the extreme cases, 601 00:52:56,090 --> 00:52:59,801 the social outcasts, tramps, beggars, 602 00:52:59,802 --> 00:53:02,137 criminals, prostitutes. 603 00:53:02,138 --> 00:53:04,849 These were the lowest of the low 604 00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:09,060 and these were the people with whom I wanted to get in contact. 605 00:53:15,776 --> 00:53:18,820 What I profoundly wanted at that time 606 00:53:18,821 --> 00:53:23,950 was to find some way of getting out of the respectable world altogether. 607 00:53:23,951 --> 00:53:26,287 I meditated upon it a great deal. 608 00:53:26,787 --> 00:53:29,831 I even planned parts of it in detail, 609 00:53:29,832 --> 00:53:33,336 how one could sell everything, give everything away, 610 00:53:34,086 --> 00:53:37,757 change one's name, and start out with no money 611 00:53:38,382 --> 00:53:40,801 and nothing but the clothes one stood up in, 612 00:53:42,261 --> 00:53:45,681 but in real life, nobody ever does that kind of thing. 613 00:53:58,986 --> 00:54:03,406 As Syme had done earlier, Winston had taken up his spoon 614 00:54:03,407 --> 00:54:05,951 and was dabbling in the pale-colored gravy 615 00:54:05,952 --> 00:54:08,161 that dribbled across the table, 616 00:54:08,162 --> 00:54:11,874 drawing a long streak of it out into a pattern. 617 00:54:13,042 --> 00:54:15,210 He meditated resentfully 618 00:54:15,211 --> 00:54:17,588 on the physical texture of life. 619 00:54:22,677 --> 00:54:25,136 - Mister. - What is it, son? 620 00:54:25,137 --> 00:54:28,098 Can you watch my seat and else if I got my spoon? 621 00:54:28,099 --> 00:54:30,726 I'll give you my spoon, son. I'm finished. 622 00:54:46,075 --> 00:54:48,660 You discover what it is like to be hungry 623 00:54:48,661 --> 00:54:51,621 with bread and margarine in your belly. 624 00:54:51,622 --> 00:54:54,916 You go out and look into the shop windows. 625 00:54:54,917 --> 00:54:58,294 Everywhere, there is food insulting you 626 00:54:58,295 --> 00:55:00,881 in huge, wasteful piles, 627 00:55:01,549 --> 00:55:03,508 whole dead pigs, 628 00:55:03,509 --> 00:55:05,510 baskets of hot loaves, 629 00:55:05,511 --> 00:55:09,514 great yellow blocks of butter, strings of sausages... 630 00:55:09,515 --> 00:55:12,225 ...mountains of potatoes, 631 00:55:12,226 --> 00:55:15,937 vast gruyere cheese like grindstones. 632 00:55:15,938 --> 00:55:20,735 A sniveling self pity comes over you at the sight of so much food. 633 00:55:21,277 --> 00:55:26,364 You plan to grab a loaf and run, swallowing it before they catch you 634 00:55:26,365 --> 00:55:29,326 and you refrain from pure funk. 635 00:55:36,375 --> 00:55:38,293 We're sorry, 636 00:55:38,294 --> 00:55:41,713 but all our customer-service agents are busy at the moment. 637 00:55:41,714 --> 00:55:43,340 Please hold and we will answer your call... 638 00:55:47,762 --> 00:55:52,098 You discover the boredom which is inseparable from poverty, 639 00:55:52,099 --> 00:55:54,435 the times when you have nothing to do 640 00:55:55,144 --> 00:55:58,814 and, being underfed, can interest yourself in nothing. 641 00:55:59,607 --> 00:56:03,109 For half a day at a time, you lie on your bed, 642 00:56:03,110 --> 00:56:06,780 feeling like the jeune squelette in Baudelaire's poem. 643 00:56:06,781 --> 00:56:09,574 Only food could rouse you. 644 00:56:09,575 --> 00:56:13,995 You discover that a man who's gone even a week on bread 645 00:56:13,996 --> 00:56:17,500 and margarine is not a man any longer, 646 00:56:18,042 --> 00:56:22,171 only a belly with a few accessory organs. 647 00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:24,923 The top 1% 648 00:56:24,924 --> 00:56:27,842 that controlled 90% of the wealth 649 00:56:27,843 --> 00:56:32,180 had two major political parties doing their bidding for them, 650 00:56:32,181 --> 00:56:35,642 and the other 99% had no political party! 651 00:56:53,577 --> 00:56:56,579 Beggars do not work, it is said, 652 00:56:56,580 --> 00:56:59,125 but then what is work? 653 00:57:00,251 --> 00:57:02,795 A navvy works by swinging a pick. 654 00:57:03,295 --> 00:57:06,714 An accountant works by adding up figures. 655 00:57:06,715 --> 00:57:09,759 A beggar works by standing out of doors 656 00:57:09,760 --> 00:57:13,096 in all weathers and getting varicose veins, 657 00:57:13,097 --> 00:57:15,558 chronic bronchitis, etc. 658 00:57:16,267 --> 00:57:19,018 It is a trade like any other, 659 00:57:19,019 --> 00:57:20,980 quite useless, of course, 660 00:57:21,856 --> 00:57:25,526 but then many reputable trades are quite useless, 661 00:57:26,193 --> 00:57:30,739 and as a social type, a beggar compares well with scores of others. 662 00:57:31,657 --> 00:57:36,327 He is honest compares with the sellers of most patent medicines, 663 00:57:36,328 --> 00:57:37,912 {\an8}high-minded 664 00:57:37,913 --> 00:57:41,166 {\an8}compared with a Sunday-newspaper proprietor. 665 00:57:41,167 --> 00:57:44,919 {\an8}A beggar, looked at realistically, 666 00:57:44,920 --> 00:57:46,796 is simply a businessman 667 00:57:46,797 --> 00:57:49,674 getting his living like other businessmen 668 00:57:49,675 --> 00:57:51,677 in the way that comes to hand. 669 00:57:53,137 --> 00:57:56,431 {\an8}He has not, more than most modern people, 670 00:57:56,432 --> 00:57:58,225 {\an8}sold his honor. 671 00:57:58,851 --> 00:58:02,520 {\an8}He has merely made the mistake of choosing a trade 672 00:58:02,521 --> 00:58:05,691 {\an8}at which it is impossible to grow rich. 673 00:58:30,299 --> 00:58:31,966 # Three # 674 00:58:31,967 --> 00:58:34,385 # Two, one # 675 00:58:34,386 --> 00:58:38,098 The underlying fact was that the whole position of the moneyed class 676 00:58:38,974 --> 00:58:41,560 had long ceased to be justifiable. 677 00:58:43,687 --> 00:58:45,397 The existence of these people 678 00:58:45,814 --> 00:58:49,068 was by any standard unjustifiable. 679 00:58:49,735 --> 00:58:54,030 They were simply parasites, less useful to society 680 00:58:54,031 --> 00:58:56,158 than his fleas are to a dog. 681 00:59:06,210 --> 00:59:10,213 The British ruling class could not admit to themselves 682 00:59:10,214 --> 00:59:11,924 that their usefulness was at an end. 683 00:59:13,259 --> 00:59:17,179 It was not possible for them to turn themselves into mere bandits 684 00:59:17,596 --> 00:59:19,682 like the American millionaires. 685 00:59:21,058 --> 00:59:23,811 Clearly, there was only one escape for them: 686 00:59:24,520 --> 00:59:26,146 into stupidity. 687 00:59:29,358 --> 00:59:31,818 The Ministry of Peace is happy to report 688 00:59:31,819 --> 00:59:35,113 that thanks to the vigilance of our gallant interceptors, 689 00:59:35,114 --> 00:59:38,408 no Eurasian rocket bomb was able to reach targets 690 00:59:38,409 --> 00:59:39,868 of any importance. 691 00:59:41,036 --> 00:59:43,288 We continue now with our regular broadcast. 692 00:59:52,506 --> 00:59:56,175 {\an8}There are parts in southern China where smart cameras 693 00:59:56,176 --> 00:59:59,137 {\an8}placed around the intersection will recognize who you are. 694 00:59:59,138 --> 01:00:02,349 {\an8}You could have your face covered or you could be obscured. 695 01:00:02,808 --> 01:00:05,268 These systems are very, very smart. 696 01:00:05,269 --> 01:00:07,353 They can recognize you by gait, 697 01:00:07,354 --> 01:00:09,772 by posture, by how you're walking, 698 01:00:09,773 --> 01:00:12,066 and so if you've caused an infraction, 699 01:00:12,067 --> 01:00:15,987 your face gets thrown up on a digital billboard at that intersection 700 01:00:15,988 --> 01:00:18,656 along with your name and where you work, 701 01:00:18,657 --> 01:00:21,534 and information is transmitted to your employers 702 01:00:21,535 --> 01:00:23,203 and to your family members. 703 01:00:25,414 --> 01:00:29,710 Peace and stability is the number-one priority 704 01:00:30,085 --> 01:00:31,919 so that all can lead a good life. 705 01:00:31,920 --> 01:00:35,590 After that, we can address issues of human rights. 706 01:00:50,105 --> 01:00:52,690 Some people, before they commit murder, 707 01:00:52,691 --> 01:00:55,444 show a proclivity 708 01:00:55,778 --> 01:00:58,738 for doing so. 709 01:00:58,739 --> 01:01:02,408 Should we wait for them to commit the act? 710 01:01:02,409 --> 01:01:05,996 Or should we prevent it 711 01:01:06,538 --> 01:01:08,873 from happening? 712 01:01:13,170 --> 01:01:16,422 Much of the technology that threatens our freedom 713 01:01:16,423 --> 01:01:18,841 and our dignity in the near-term future 714 01:01:18,842 --> 01:01:22,429 is being developed by companies in the business of capturing 715 01:01:23,222 --> 01:01:25,182 and selling our data and our attention 716 01:01:25,766 --> 01:01:27,643 to advertisers and others. 717 01:01:28,018 --> 01:01:29,228 Smith, 718 01:01:30,145 --> 01:01:31,312 outer-party members 719 01:01:31,313 --> 01:01:33,816 have to wear their identification badges in the evening. 720 01:01:41,907 --> 01:01:43,784 Don't forget again! 721 01:01:45,077 --> 01:01:48,955 If the people in power are using these algorithms 722 01:01:48,956 --> 01:01:52,000 to quietly watch us, 723 01:01:52,418 --> 01:01:54,877 to judge us and to nudge us, 724 01:01:54,878 --> 01:01:58,881 to predict and identify the troublemakers and the rebels, 725 01:01:58,882 --> 01:02:03,845 {\an8}the authoritarianism will envelop us like a spider's web, 726 01:02:03,846 --> 01:02:06,597 {\an8}and we may not even know we're in it. 727 01:02:08,767 --> 01:02:12,478 The surveillance capitalists have tried to get us to believe 728 01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:17,150 that their practices are the inevitable outgrowth 729 01:02:17,151 --> 01:02:18,694 of digital technologies. 730 01:02:19,111 --> 01:02:22,823 So, that's why I believe that the future is private. 731 01:02:24,491 --> 01:02:28,161 This is the next chapter for our services. 732 01:02:28,162 --> 01:02:29,830 What do you prefer? 733 01:02:30,873 --> 01:02:34,792 Being safer when you wake up in the morning and go to the street 734 01:02:34,793 --> 01:02:39,423 or not being, you know, analyzed by AI systems? 735 01:02:40,132 --> 01:02:41,174 I wanna be safer. 736 01:02:41,175 --> 01:02:43,718 - # What do you prefer? # -What do you prefer? 737 01:02:43,719 --> 01:02:46,846 - # Safer when you stir? # -What do you prefer? 738 01:02:46,847 --> 01:02:49,056 # Or not be scared by AI? # 739 01:02:49,057 --> 01:02:52,518 # Tell me no lies, I want to be safer # 740 01:02:52,519 --> 01:02:55,564 I wanna be safer. Safer. 741 01:02:57,983 --> 01:02:59,692 # I want to be safer # 742 01:02:59,693 --> 01:03:02,528 Surveillance is OK if you don't mind. 743 01:03:02,529 --> 01:03:05,281 I want to be... I want to surveil. 744 01:03:05,282 --> 01:03:08,826 I want surveillance of these people that are coming in. 745 01:03:08,827 --> 01:03:12,372 The Trojan horse, I wanna know who the hell they are. 746 01:03:22,591 --> 01:03:25,510 You don't have to have done anything wrong. 747 01:03:25,511 --> 01:03:28,596 You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, 748 01:03:28,597 --> 01:03:30,556 even by a wrong call, 749 01:03:30,557 --> 01:03:33,559 and then they can use the system to go back in time 750 01:03:33,560 --> 01:03:36,312 and scrutinize every decision you've ever made, 751 01:03:36,313 --> 01:03:39,065 every friend you've ever discussed something with 752 01:03:39,066 --> 01:03:41,859 and attack you on that basis 753 01:03:41,860 --> 01:03:45,696 to sort of derive suspicion from an innocent life 754 01:03:45,697 --> 01:03:48,866 and paint anyone in the context of a wrongdoer. 755 01:03:56,375 --> 01:03:58,918 It should be that when we make things more productive, 756 01:03:58,919 --> 01:04:02,213 when we greatly increase productivity, it helps everybody, 757 01:04:02,214 --> 01:04:04,508 but there's the worry that it might just help the rich. 758 01:04:06,260 --> 01:04:08,678 The new, model-three generative android 759 01:04:08,679 --> 01:04:11,472 from Funky is a fully autonomous humanoid robot 760 01:04:11,473 --> 01:04:14,308 with features never before seen in the consumer market. 761 01:04:14,309 --> 01:04:18,187 We are increasingly trapped in a world of no escape 762 01:04:18,188 --> 01:04:22,024 and even if we want to make a choice, we can't. 763 01:04:24,653 --> 01:04:27,613 It would probably not be beyond human ingenuity 764 01:04:27,614 --> 01:04:29,991 to write books by machinery, 765 01:04:29,992 --> 01:04:33,536 but a sort of mechanizing process can already be seen at work 766 01:04:33,537 --> 01:04:37,957 in the film and radio, in publicity and propaganda, 767 01:04:37,958 --> 01:04:40,752 and in the lower reaches of journalism. 768 01:04:41,461 --> 01:04:45,673 Even so, what they write is merely a kind of raw material 769 01:04:45,674 --> 01:04:49,260 to be chopped into shape by producers and censors. 770 01:04:49,261 --> 01:04:53,055 Books would be planned in their broad lines by bureaucrats 771 01:04:53,056 --> 01:04:55,851 and would pass through so many hands that when finished, 772 01:04:56,643 --> 01:04:59,145 they would be no more an individual product 773 01:04:59,146 --> 01:05:02,649 than a Ford car at the end of the assembly line. 774 01:05:03,275 --> 01:05:08,071 It goes without saying that anything so produced would be rubbish. 775 01:05:08,447 --> 01:05:11,365 At present, we know only that the imagination, 776 01:05:11,366 --> 01:05:13,618 like certain wild animals, 777 01:05:13,619 --> 01:05:16,871 will not breed in captivity. 778 01:05:19,791 --> 01:05:22,835 {\an8}Every hour of the day, the voice of London goes around... 779 01:05:22,836 --> 01:05:26,088 {\an8} Second of December, 1942, 780 01:05:26,089 --> 01:05:27,965 {\an8}Dear George Woodcock, 781 01:05:27,966 --> 01:05:32,553 As to the ethics of broadcasting and in general letting oneself be used 782 01:05:32,554 --> 01:05:34,889 by the British governing class, 783 01:05:34,890 --> 01:05:37,725 it's of little value to argue about it, 784 01:05:37,726 --> 01:05:42,063 but for heaven's sake don't think that I don't see how they are using me. 785 01:05:42,064 --> 01:05:45,025 I doubt whether I shall stay in this job very much longer, 786 01:05:45,609 --> 01:05:46,901 but while here, 787 01:05:46,902 --> 01:05:51,113 I consider I have kept our propaganda slightly less disgusting 788 01:05:51,114 --> 01:05:53,533 than it might otherwise have been. 789 01:06:03,752 --> 01:06:08,297 The Tribune, 222 London Western Central 2, 790 01:06:08,298 --> 01:06:11,218 14th of July, 1944, 791 01:06:12,094 --> 01:06:15,639 Dear John Murry, I am smothered under work, 792 01:06:16,139 --> 01:06:18,557 and also I've been bombed out 793 01:06:18,558 --> 01:06:21,519 and we have a very young baby we've adopted, 794 01:06:21,520 --> 01:06:23,312 a three-week-old boy 795 01:06:23,313 --> 01:06:27,150 who Eileen and I christened Richard Horatio Blair, 796 01:06:27,859 --> 01:06:30,570 all of which adds to one's work. 797 01:06:31,279 --> 01:06:33,572 Life is pretty full now. 798 01:06:33,573 --> 01:06:37,159 What a wonderful thing to have a kid of one's own. 799 01:06:37,160 --> 01:06:39,162 I've always wanted one so. 800 01:06:41,665 --> 01:06:45,209 The Pacific service from London is sending you all greetings 801 01:06:45,210 --> 01:06:48,003 and wishing the best of luck to those of you listening 802 01:06:48,004 --> 01:06:51,549 who are serving in our armed forces on sea, 803 01:06:51,550 --> 01:06:54,885 land or in the air and in the merchant navy... 804 01:06:54,886 --> 01:06:59,015 BBC, 24th of September, 1943, 805 01:06:59,599 --> 01:07:01,809 Dear Mr. Rushbrook-Williams, 806 01:07:01,810 --> 01:07:05,312 In confirmation of what I said to you earlier in private, 807 01:07:05,313 --> 01:07:08,316 I want to tender my resignation from the BBC. 808 01:07:09,484 --> 01:07:13,612 I am not leaving because of any disagreement with BBC policy. 809 01:07:13,613 --> 01:07:18,451 On the contrary, I feel that I have been treated with the greatest generosity 810 01:07:18,452 --> 01:07:20,954 and allowed very great latitude. 811 01:07:21,455 --> 01:07:25,124 I am tendering my resignation because for some time past 812 01:07:25,125 --> 01:07:28,461 I have been conscious that I was wasting my own time 813 01:07:28,462 --> 01:07:30,297 and the public money. 814 01:07:30,839 --> 01:07:33,257 I feel that by going back to my normal work 815 01:07:33,258 --> 01:07:36,594 of writing and journalism I could be more useful 816 01:07:36,595 --> 01:07:38,096 than I am at present. 817 01:07:55,071 --> 01:07:58,073 Hotel Scribe, Rue Scribe, 818 01:07:58,074 --> 01:08:02,037 Paris 9th, 13th of April, 1945. 819 01:08:02,871 --> 01:08:04,538 Dear Tony, 820 01:08:04,539 --> 01:08:07,249 I don't know whether you will have heard from some other source 821 01:08:07,250 --> 01:08:09,210 about what has happened. 822 01:08:09,211 --> 01:08:10,921 Eileen is dead. 823 01:08:11,505 --> 01:08:14,173 It was a most horrible thing to happen 824 01:08:14,174 --> 01:08:16,926 because she had had five really miserable years 825 01:08:16,927 --> 01:08:19,094 of bad health and overwork, 826 01:08:19,095 --> 01:08:21,931 and things were just beginning to get better, 827 01:08:21,932 --> 01:08:24,183 but it was terribly sad that she should die 828 01:08:24,184 --> 01:08:26,019 when she had become so devoted to Richard 829 01:08:27,187 --> 01:08:30,356 and was making such a good job of his upbringing. 830 01:08:30,357 --> 01:08:33,526 Richard, I am glad to say, is very well 831 01:08:33,527 --> 01:08:35,987 and for the moment is provided for. 832 01:10:11,499 --> 01:10:13,043 Look at this. 833 01:10:17,213 --> 01:10:18,547 It's a dream. 834 01:10:18,548 --> 01:10:21,801 But for a moment, he did not look at her body. 835 01:10:22,302 --> 01:10:24,762 His eyes were anchored by the freckled face 836 01:10:24,763 --> 01:10:27,140 with its faint, bold smile. 837 01:10:27,724 --> 01:10:31,936 He knelt down before her and took her hands in his. 838 01:10:31,937 --> 01:10:34,606 Have you done this before? 839 01:10:34,981 --> 01:10:36,149 Of course! 840 01:10:37,192 --> 01:10:38,818 Hundreds of times. 841 01:10:40,528 --> 01:10:42,489 -With party members? - Yes. 842 01:10:43,156 --> 01:10:44,616 Inner-party members? 843 01:10:45,033 --> 01:10:48,370 Not with those bastards, though there's plenty who would. 844 01:10:49,037 --> 01:10:50,664 His heart leapt. 845 01:10:58,797 --> 01:11:00,881 "In the old days, he thought, 846 01:11:00,882 --> 01:11:03,300 "a man looked at a girl's body 847 01:11:03,301 --> 01:11:05,427 and saw that it was desirable, 848 01:11:05,428 --> 01:11:07,389 and that was the end of the story, 849 01:11:08,056 --> 01:11:10,182 but you could not have pure love 850 01:11:10,183 --> 01:11:12,018 or pure lust nowadays. 851 01:11:13,186 --> 01:11:15,312 No emotion was pure 852 01:11:15,313 --> 01:11:19,067 because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. 853 01:11:19,567 --> 01:11:22,236 Their embrace had been a battle, 854 01:11:22,237 --> 01:11:24,864 the climax a victory. 855 01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:28,034 It was a blow struck against the party. 856 01:11:28,910 --> 01:11:31,078 It was a political act." 857 01:11:39,170 --> 01:11:43,883 In the past, at any rate, throughout the Protestant centuries, 858 01:11:44,384 --> 01:11:45,884 the idea of rebellion 859 01:11:45,885 --> 01:11:49,514 and the idea of intellectual integrity were mixed up. 860 01:11:51,016 --> 01:11:54,144 A heretic, political, moral, religious, 861 01:11:54,561 --> 01:11:57,438 or esthetic was one who refused 862 01:11:57,439 --> 01:11:59,733 to outrage his own conscience. 863 01:12:00,567 --> 01:12:04,487 His outlook was summed up in the words of the revivalist hymn, 864 01:12:04,863 --> 01:12:08,450 "Dare to be a Daniel, Dare to stand alone 865 01:12:08,950 --> 01:12:10,618 Dare to have a purpose firm 866 01:12:11,411 --> 01:12:13,079 Dare to make it known." 867 01:12:14,372 --> 01:12:18,959 To bring this hymn up to date, one would have to add a don't 868 01:12:18,960 --> 01:12:21,463 at the beginning of each line. 869 01:12:22,088 --> 01:12:25,632 I'm very averse 870 01:12:25,633 --> 01:12:28,761 to didacticism in political literature, 871 01:12:28,762 --> 01:12:32,390 so I'd long had a knee-jerk revulsion 872 01:12:33,183 --> 01:12:34,309 against Orwell. 873 01:12:34,768 --> 01:12:36,895 That was short-sighted of me 874 01:12:37,353 --> 01:12:40,106 because later... 875 01:12:41,441 --> 01:12:45,987 when I got to know Orwell through his essays, 876 01:12:47,655 --> 01:12:50,992 I appreciated his extraordinary perceptiveness. 877 01:12:51,826 --> 01:12:54,870 Ultimately, it was his horror of politics 878 01:12:54,871 --> 01:12:58,708 that led him to hate these totalitarian regimes, 879 01:12:59,042 --> 01:13:02,878 which politicize everything, 880 01:13:02,879 --> 01:13:08,009 and because he hated politics, he combated those regimes 881 01:13:10,804 --> 01:13:15,974 as directly and powerfully as possible, i.e. by writing a novel. 882 01:13:23,566 --> 01:13:27,319 Daring to stand alone is ideologically criminal 883 01:13:27,320 --> 01:13:29,864 as well as practically dangerous. 884 01:13:30,782 --> 01:13:32,908 The idea of intellectual liberty 885 01:13:32,909 --> 01:13:35,703 is under attack from two directions. 886 01:13:37,330 --> 01:13:40,666 On the one side are its theoretical enemies, 887 01:13:40,667 --> 01:13:42,751 {\an8}the apologists of totalitarianism... 888 01:13:42,752 --> 01:13:45,337 {\an8} 889 01:13:45,338 --> 01:13:48,299 {\an8}Many reporters were kidnapped. 890 01:14:00,562 --> 01:14:02,105 OK, journalists have to go! 891 01:14:02,397 --> 01:14:05,775 {\an8} Sonia Dahmani has just been abducted! 892 01:14:07,402 --> 01:14:09,904 {\an8}She was taken away by an anonymous group. 893 01:14:10,446 --> 01:14:12,198 {\an8}Were they police? 894 01:14:15,243 --> 01:14:17,619 {\an8}Jamal Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist 895 01:14:17,620 --> 01:14:20,998 {\an8}and an outspoken critic of his country's government. 896 01:14:20,999 --> 01:14:25,587 {\an8}CNN can now confirm Jamal Khashoggi's last words, 897 01:14:26,045 --> 01:14:28,797 {\an8}"I can't breathe. I can't breathe." 898 01:14:28,798 --> 01:14:32,676 {\an8}The transcript records many voices and noises, 899 01:14:32,677 --> 01:14:35,138 {\an8}then says, "Scream from Jamal." 900 01:14:35,555 --> 01:14:39,391 {\an8}Again, "Scream," then "Gasping." 901 01:14:39,392 --> 01:14:43,061 {\an8}Noises are identified as "saw" 902 01:14:43,062 --> 01:14:44,397 {\an8}and "cutting." 903 01:14:44,939 --> 01:14:46,566 {\an8} 904 01:15:03,458 --> 01:15:06,753 And on the other, its immediate, practical enemies 905 01:15:07,670 --> 01:15:10,672 monopoly and bureaucracy, 906 01:15:10,673 --> 01:15:14,677 which are actively interested in maintaining the status quo 907 01:15:15,094 --> 01:15:18,680 and therefore in preventing the common man 908 01:15:18,681 --> 01:15:20,683 from becoming too intelligent. 909 01:15:42,789 --> 01:15:46,250 The independence of the writer and the artist 910 01:15:46,251 --> 01:15:50,087 is eaten away by vague economic forces 911 01:15:50,088 --> 01:15:52,673 and at the same time it is undermined 912 01:15:52,674 --> 01:15:55,343 by those who should be its defenders. 913 01:16:14,946 --> 01:16:17,614 We falsely think of our country 914 01:16:17,615 --> 01:16:18,824 {\an8}as a democracy 915 01:16:18,825 --> 01:16:22,120 {\an8}when it has evolved into a media-ocracy 916 01:16:22,704 --> 01:16:26,039 {\an8}where a media that is supposed to check political abuse 917 01:16:26,040 --> 01:16:28,126 {\an8}is part of political abuse. 918 01:16:46,352 --> 01:16:48,395 {\an8}This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 919 01:16:48,396 --> 01:16:53,066 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 920 01:16:53,067 --> 01:16:55,402 {\an8}This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 921 01:16:55,403 --> 01:16:58,031 This is extremely dangerous to our democracy. 922 01:16:59,032 --> 01:17:03,201 Political writing in our time consists almost entirely 923 01:17:03,202 --> 01:17:05,620 of prefabricated phrases 924 01:17:05,621 --> 01:17:08,040 bolted together like the pieces 925 01:17:08,041 --> 01:17:09,708 of a child's mechano set. 926 01:17:09,709 --> 01:17:11,209 This is extremely dangerous. 927 01:17:11,210 --> 01:17:14,046 {\an8}This is extremely dangerous. 928 01:17:14,047 --> 01:17:15,714 - Dangerous. - Democracy. 929 01:17:15,715 --> 01:17:18,008 {\an8}We live in the greatest country. 930 01:17:18,009 --> 01:17:19,968 {\an8}The greatest nation in the history of mankind. 931 01:17:19,969 --> 01:17:21,887 {\an8}The strongest, freest, greatest country. 932 01:17:21,888 --> 01:17:23,388 {\an8}The greatest healthcare. 933 01:17:23,389 --> 01:17:25,974 {\an8}The greatest universities, the greatest schools. 934 01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:28,393 {\an8}The greatest rise of freedom and opportunity. 935 01:17:28,394 --> 01:17:30,896 {\an8}The single greatest nation in the history of all mankind. 936 01:17:30,897 --> 01:17:32,564 {\an8}The greatest country ever. 937 01:17:32,565 --> 01:17:35,442 {\an8}If we're gonna talk about the elite-medias debate, 938 01:17:35,443 --> 01:17:38,862 {\an8}then it is still controlled by the corporate owners 939 01:17:38,863 --> 01:17:42,407 {\an8}and the corporate sponsors, who after all provide the revenue 940 01:17:42,408 --> 01:17:45,702 {\an8}to keep those machines going, to keep those TV shows on the air 941 01:17:45,703 --> 01:17:47,704 {\an8}and those radio shows and those papers. 942 01:17:47,705 --> 01:17:49,957 It's a machine 943 01:17:50,416 --> 01:17:53,168 that no one can escape from. 944 01:17:53,169 --> 01:17:57,589 TV hosts are in the celebrity news columns, 945 01:17:57,590 --> 01:18:00,885 we know their love lives, they look the part, 946 01:18:01,177 --> 01:18:03,136 they seem like upstanding people, 947 01:18:03,137 --> 01:18:04,639 but they're puppets. 948 01:18:05,807 --> 01:18:08,975 The broadcaster who chooses what to air 949 01:18:08,976 --> 01:18:10,269 is a puppet. 950 01:18:10,812 --> 01:18:12,312 What do I mean by puppets? 951 01:18:12,313 --> 01:18:14,899 I mean people subject to forces 952 01:18:15,566 --> 01:18:17,235 completely beyond their control. 953 01:18:19,570 --> 01:18:24,449 The journalist is unfree and is conscious of unfreedom 954 01:18:24,450 --> 01:18:26,785 when he forced to write lies 955 01:18:26,786 --> 01:18:30,872 or suppress what seems to him important news. 956 01:18:30,873 --> 01:18:32,500 What have you got there, Smith? 957 01:18:36,295 --> 01:18:39,089 This photograph was between the pages of the gazette. 958 01:18:39,090 --> 01:18:41,716 - What photograph? - Jones and Rutherford. 959 01:18:41,717 --> 01:18:45,178 They confessed to aiding the underground and being in Eurasia during Hate Week. 960 01:18:45,179 --> 01:18:47,764 - But here it says... - What are you talking about, Smith? 961 01:18:47,765 --> 01:18:49,642 I don't see any photograph. 962 01:18:58,651 --> 01:19:01,278 I think it's very difficult to avoid 963 01:19:01,279 --> 01:19:05,949 going to that pre-prepared thing that's got a quote in it, 964 01:19:05,950 --> 01:19:09,119 that's got a name in it, that's got background information in it. 965 01:19:09,120 --> 01:19:13,290 It's fed to you to make easy for you to tell it that way. 966 01:19:13,291 --> 01:19:16,710 So, what we really require is something countervailing, 967 01:19:16,711 --> 01:19:21,089 something on the other side to dig out just that information 968 01:19:21,090 --> 01:19:23,383 that that powerful entity, that might be the state 969 01:19:23,384 --> 01:19:25,343 or might be a private corporation 970 01:19:25,344 --> 01:19:27,304 that they don't want you to hear. 971 01:19:27,305 --> 01:19:30,891 We start with that search, the race to save five people 972 01:19:30,892 --> 01:19:32,976 who are onboard a submersible. 973 01:19:34,729 --> 01:19:37,898 {\an8}On board is believed to be the British billionaire, Hamish... 974 01:19:37,899 --> 01:19:40,817 {\an8}Everything in our age conspires to turn the writer 975 01:19:40,818 --> 01:19:43,320 {\an8}and every other kind of artist as well 976 01:19:43,321 --> 01:19:47,365 {\an8}into a minor official working on themes 977 01:19:47,366 --> 01:19:49,075 {\an8}handed down from above 978 01:19:49,076 --> 01:19:53,288 {\an8}and never telling what seems to him the whole of the truth. 979 01:20:18,689 --> 01:20:22,567 What the media does is trivialize what goes on 980 01:20:22,568 --> 01:20:25,070 sensationalizes it, makes it entertainment, 981 01:20:25,071 --> 01:20:29,115 rather than saying, "Look, the function of the media is to educate you 982 01:20:29,116 --> 01:20:31,911 to live in a democracy, which is pretty serious stuff." 983 01:20:37,667 --> 01:20:41,211 {\an8}There are 741 no-go zones throughout France and they're located 984 01:20:41,212 --> 01:20:43,505 {\an8}in the ghettos that are called les banlieues. 985 01:20:43,506 --> 01:20:46,967 {\an8}I've been Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kashmir, India, 986 01:20:46,968 --> 01:20:48,927 {\an8}and at times it felt like, like that. 987 01:20:48,928 --> 01:20:52,347 {\an8}They speak shamelessly on issues they know nothing about. 988 01:20:52,348 --> 01:20:55,183 {\an8}- Fran�ois Macron... - Emmanuel. 989 01:20:55,184 --> 01:20:57,852 {\an8}Emmanuel, Fran�ois, it seems like every French person 990 01:20:57,853 --> 01:20:59,312 {\an8}I think their name is Fran�ois. 991 01:20:59,313 --> 01:21:01,273 - Who knows? - Maybe he'll change his name. Fran�ois. 992 01:21:02,525 --> 01:21:05,694 To write in plain, vigorous language, 993 01:21:05,695 --> 01:21:07,946 one has to think fearlessly, 994 01:21:07,947 --> 01:21:10,073 and if one thinks fearlessly, 995 01:21:10,074 --> 01:21:12,325 one cannot be politically orthodox. 996 01:21:12,326 --> 01:21:14,494 - It was you! It was you... -Good lying. 997 01:21:14,495 --> 01:21:16,955 That privatized a large chunk of the health service 998 01:21:16,956 --> 01:21:19,291 and you're lying, and you're lying. 999 01:21:19,292 --> 01:21:20,960 {\an8}Please, Mr. Collard! 1000 01:21:21,252 --> 01:21:22,502 {\an8}You're a vile scumbag! 1001 01:21:25,631 --> 01:21:28,217 {\an8}Shut up, dumb ass! Shut up! 1002 01:21:29,093 --> 01:21:30,719 {\an8}How dare you call me that? 1003 01:21:30,720 --> 01:21:33,179 {\an8}What else can I do when she's so stupid? 1004 01:21:33,180 --> 01:21:36,099 {\an8}I think your fake lashes are messing up what you're reading... 1005 01:21:37,310 --> 01:21:39,185 {\an8}We have a situation in which 1006 01:21:39,186 --> 01:21:41,771 a significant percentage of the population doesn't vote, 1007 01:21:41,772 --> 01:21:44,107 doesn't care about the issues, 1008 01:21:44,108 --> 01:21:47,736 is tuned out entirely, is what we call depoliticized. 1009 01:21:47,737 --> 01:21:51,364 Uh, in fact we have a rate of depoliticization in the United States 1010 01:21:51,365 --> 01:21:55,201 that must make a tyrant like in, you know, Indonesia envious: 1011 01:21:55,202 --> 01:21:57,621 "How can I get one of these vegged-out populations?" 1012 01:21:57,622 --> 01:22:00,790 I say the fact is I've done more for the black community 1013 01:22:00,791 --> 01:22:03,293 than any president since Abraham Lincoln. 1014 01:22:03,294 --> 01:22:05,546 I say it, nobody can dispute it. 1015 01:22:05,963 --> 01:22:08,798 People listen when I speak, black people, 1016 01:22:08,799 --> 01:22:10,759 # Black # 1017 01:22:10,760 --> 01:22:14,387 Believe me, I've studied it and I've seen it and it's incredible. 1018 01:22:14,388 --> 01:22:16,556 # Black # 1019 01:22:16,557 --> 01:22:19,809 Black, your physical strength is unmatched. 1020 01:22:19,810 --> 01:22:21,645 # Black # 1021 01:22:21,646 --> 01:22:24,856 You have this charm, black people, believe me, 1022 01:22:24,857 --> 01:22:27,609 jazz, soul, Rosa Parks, 1023 01:22:27,610 --> 01:22:30,195 Cassius Clay, legends, winners, the best! 1024 01:22:30,196 --> 01:22:32,864 And you know what? Black women... 1025 01:22:32,865 --> 01:22:34,699 # I love black # 1026 01:22:34,700 --> 01:22:37,744 Black women, they make me so hungry. 1027 01:22:37,745 --> 01:22:41,665 People listen when I speak, hungry for gumbo and cornbread. 1028 01:22:41,666 --> 01:22:43,875 Nobody does it better. 1029 01:22:43,876 --> 01:22:46,962 The mugshot, we've all seen the mugshot, and... 1030 01:22:47,546 --> 01:22:49,547 And you know who embraced it more than anybody else? 1031 01:22:49,548 --> 01:22:51,466 The black population, it's incredible. 1032 01:22:51,467 --> 01:22:54,679 You see black people walking around with my mugshot. 1033 01:22:55,429 --> 01:22:58,682 This kind of thing is frightening to me 1034 01:22:58,683 --> 01:23:01,893 because it often gives me the feeling that the very concept 1035 01:23:01,894 --> 01:23:05,606 of objective truth is fading out of this world. 1036 01:23:07,274 --> 01:23:11,361 An atom bomb exploded in our information ecosystem 1037 01:23:11,362 --> 01:23:14,447 because social media turned our world upside down 1038 01:23:14,448 --> 01:23:18,493 spreading lies faster than facts 1039 01:23:18,494 --> 01:23:22,122 while amplifying fear and anger, 1040 01:23:22,123 --> 01:23:25,668 fueling hatred by design 1041 01:23:26,127 --> 01:23:27,378 for profit. 1042 01:23:28,170 --> 01:23:30,588 {\an8}Do you affirm the testimony you are about to give before the committee 1043 01:23:30,589 --> 01:23:32,674 {\an8}will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, 1044 01:23:32,675 --> 01:23:34,009 {\an8}so help you God? 1045 01:23:35,010 --> 01:23:39,264 {\an8}We very much believe that this content is disgusting 1046 01:23:39,265 --> 01:23:40,974 {\an8}and that, um... 1047 01:23:40,975 --> 01:23:43,518 {\an8}Senator, that behavior is disgusting and reprehensible. 1048 01:23:43,519 --> 01:23:47,063 {\an8}We provide in-app reporting tools so that people who are being harassed 1049 01:23:47,064 --> 01:23:49,566 {\an8}or people who have shared inappropriate sexual content 1050 01:23:49,567 --> 01:23:52,527 {\an8}can report it in the case of harassment or sexual content. 1051 01:23:52,528 --> 01:23:55,238 {\an8}You announced recently that the official policy of Facebook 1052 01:23:55,239 --> 01:23:59,075 {\an8}now allows politicians to pay to spread disinformation. 1053 01:23:59,076 --> 01:24:02,829 {\an8}Well, could I pay to target predominantly black zip codes 1054 01:24:02,830 --> 01:24:06,041 {\an8}and advertise them the incorrect election date? 1055 01:24:06,751 --> 01:24:08,168 {\an8}No, congresswoman, you couldn't. 1056 01:24:08,169 --> 01:24:12,005 {\an8}We have, even for these policies 1057 01:24:12,006 --> 01:24:16,050 {\an8}the newsworthiness of content that politicians say 1058 01:24:16,051 --> 01:24:18,219 and the general principle that I believe that... 1059 01:24:18,220 --> 01:24:21,389 But you said that you're not going to fact check my ads. 1060 01:24:21,390 --> 01:24:23,850 We have, if anyone, 1061 01:24:23,851 --> 01:24:26,227 including a politician is saying things 1062 01:24:26,228 --> 01:24:29,314 that can cause, that is calling for violence, 1063 01:24:29,315 --> 01:24:31,775 or could risk imminent, physical harm, 1064 01:24:31,776 --> 01:24:34,110 or voter or census suppression 1065 01:24:34,111 --> 01:24:36,321 when we roll out the census suppression po... 1066 01:24:36,322 --> 01:24:39,073 policy, um, we will take that content down. 1067 01:24:39,074 --> 01:24:41,826 So, would I be able to run advertisements 1068 01:24:41,827 --> 01:24:44,287 on Facebook targeting Republicans in primaries 1069 01:24:44,288 --> 01:24:46,956 saying that they voted for the Green New Deal? 1070 01:24:46,957 --> 01:24:48,958 I mean, if you're not fact checking political advertisements, 1071 01:24:48,959 --> 01:24:51,669 I'm just trying to understand the bounds here. 1072 01:24:51,670 --> 01:24:53,922 - What's fair game. - Congresswoman, I, uh... 1073 01:24:53,923 --> 01:24:55,590 I don't know the answer to that off the top of my head. 1074 01:24:55,591 --> 01:24:57,634 I don't know if I'll be able to do that. 1075 01:24:57,635 --> 01:24:59,969 Can you explain why you've named the Daily Caller 1076 01:24:59,970 --> 01:25:04,432 a publication well documented with ties to white supremacists 1077 01:25:04,433 --> 01:25:06,559 as an official fact checker for Facebook? 1078 01:25:06,560 --> 01:25:09,979 Congresswoman, sure, we actually don't appoint the independent fact checkers. 1079 01:25:09,980 --> 01:25:12,732 They go through an independent organization 1080 01:25:12,733 --> 01:25:14,526 called the Independent Fact Checking Network 1081 01:25:14,527 --> 01:25:16,945 that has a rigorous standard 1082 01:25:16,946 --> 01:25:20,449 for who they allow to serve as a fact checker. 1083 01:25:20,950 --> 01:25:22,034 So... 1084 01:25:22,701 --> 01:25:27,497 you would say that white-supremacist-tied publications 1085 01:25:27,498 --> 01:25:30,167 meet a rigorous standard for fact checking? 1086 01:25:33,462 --> 01:25:35,463 Because of deep fakes, 1087 01:25:35,464 --> 01:25:38,300 you can't trust your eyes and ears. 1088 01:25:38,801 --> 01:25:40,677 Instead of the facts, 1089 01:25:40,678 --> 01:25:45,765 the enshitifacation, enshitifacation of the Internet, 1090 01:25:45,766 --> 01:25:47,768 is in full bloom. 1091 01:25:48,519 --> 01:25:51,688 More trash, more propaganda, 1092 01:25:51,689 --> 01:25:53,690 more information operations 1093 01:25:53,691 --> 01:25:55,942 that push our emotional buttons. 1094 01:25:55,943 --> 01:25:59,238 We will have to struggle harder 1095 01:25:59,864 --> 01:26:03,741 for agency, for independent thought, 1096 01:26:03,742 --> 01:26:06,995 and it's not just the tech companies that abdicated responsibility 1097 01:26:06,996 --> 01:26:08,329 for protecting us. 1098 01:26:08,330 --> 01:26:11,917 It's also democratic governments like the United States 1099 01:26:12,710 --> 01:26:17,005 Tech is the least-regulated industry around the world. 1100 01:26:17,006 --> 01:26:20,175 USA! USA! 1101 01:27:18,525 --> 01:27:24,281 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire, 28th of November, 1948. 1102 01:27:25,616 --> 01:27:28,326 Dear Gwen, all is well here 1103 01:27:28,327 --> 01:27:30,704 and Richard is bursting with energy. 1104 01:27:31,330 --> 01:27:33,539 He goes out fishing with the others now 1105 01:27:33,540 --> 01:27:35,542 and sometimes catches quite a lot of fish. 1106 01:27:36,543 --> 01:27:38,712 The weather just lately has been very nice, 1107 01:27:39,171 --> 01:27:42,590 beautiful, still, sunny days, and not at all cold, 1108 01:27:42,591 --> 01:27:47,553 but I hardly ever go out of doors because the smallest exertion upsets me. 1109 01:27:47,554 --> 01:27:50,223 The pig has grown to a stupendous size 1110 01:27:50,224 --> 01:27:52,392 and goes to the butcher next week. 1111 01:27:52,393 --> 01:27:56,437 We are all longing to get rid of him, as he is so destructive and greedy, 1112 01:27:56,438 --> 01:27:58,941 even gets into the kitchen sometimes. 1113 01:27:59,900 --> 01:28:02,110 I have finished my book, 1114 01:28:02,111 --> 01:28:05,864 which I'd been messing about with since some time in 1947. 1115 01:28:06,323 --> 01:28:08,158 Yours, George. 1116 01:28:10,661 --> 01:28:11,953 Death! 1117 01:28:15,207 --> 01:28:20,045 Brothers and sisters, one week from now 1118 01:28:20,754 --> 01:28:23,464 in this very square, 1119 01:28:23,465 --> 01:28:27,635 we shall, as a demonstration... 1120 01:28:52,161 --> 01:28:56,832 Eurasian prisoners will be passing through Victory Square! 1121 01:29:00,836 --> 01:29:03,838 These are the evil men 1122 01:29:03,839 --> 01:29:06,424 whose ruthless lust for power... 1123 01:29:53,931 --> 01:29:55,848 Let me have the fight! 1124 01:29:55,849 --> 01:29:57,725 This is no place for the undecided! 1125 01:29:57,726 --> 01:29:59,603 We grab the bull by the horns! 1126 01:30:24,586 --> 01:30:26,254 They say it's scandalous 1127 01:30:26,255 --> 01:30:30,509 to defend the natural family founded on marriage. 1128 01:30:30,926 --> 01:30:34,887 {\an8}The mother is a woman, the father is a man... 1129 01:30:34,888 --> 01:30:38,517 {\an8}I just want to see Western civilization thrive. 1130 01:30:38,809 --> 01:30:42,228 Who cares about discrimination when there's genocide 1131 01:30:42,229 --> 01:30:45,481 against Christians taking place 1132 01:30:45,482 --> 01:30:48,067 throughout the world? 1133 01:30:57,119 --> 01:30:59,746 April 4th, 1984. 1134 01:31:00,330 --> 01:31:03,375 Last night to the flicks, all war films. 1135 01:31:04,001 --> 01:31:06,919 One a very good one of a ship 1136 01:31:06,920 --> 01:31:10,924 full of refugees being bombed somewhere in the Mediterranean. 1137 01:31:11,800 --> 01:31:16,012 Audience much amused by shots of a great, huge, fat man 1138 01:31:16,013 --> 01:31:19,223 trying a swim away with a helicopter after him. 1139 01:31:21,018 --> 01:31:24,562 Then you saw a lifeboat full of children 1140 01:31:24,563 --> 01:31:27,316 with a helicopter hovering over it. 1141 01:31:27,774 --> 01:31:31,319 There was a middle-aged woman, might have been a Jewess, 1142 01:31:31,320 --> 01:31:33,906 sitting up in the bow with a little boy 1143 01:31:34,865 --> 01:31:37,992 above three years old in her arms. 1144 01:31:37,993 --> 01:31:42,455 Then the helicopter planted a 20-kilo bomb 1145 01:31:42,456 --> 01:31:43,624 in among them. 1146 01:31:44,124 --> 01:31:48,086 Terrific flash and the boat went all to matchwood. 1147 01:31:51,256 --> 01:31:54,217 Then there was a wonderful shot of a child's arm 1148 01:31:54,218 --> 01:31:57,303 going up, up, up, 1149 01:31:57,304 --> 01:31:59,472 right up into the air. 1150 01:31:59,473 --> 01:32:03,644 A helicopter with a camera in its nose must have followed it up. 1151 01:32:04,186 --> 01:32:07,439 There was a lot of applause from the party seats. 1152 01:32:09,441 --> 01:32:11,568 Winston stops writing 1153 01:32:12,319 --> 01:32:14,905 partly because he was suffering from cramp. 1154 01:32:24,331 --> 01:32:28,126 Oh, what a piece of work is the pursuit of truth. 1155 01:32:31,588 --> 01:32:34,049 Don't be a writer, Richard, whatever you do. 1156 01:32:35,676 --> 01:32:37,177 Be a farmer. 1157 01:32:39,179 --> 01:32:40,764 And grow things. 1158 01:32:41,640 --> 01:32:42,975 Keep goats. 1159 01:32:48,397 --> 01:32:51,107 Our civilization is decadent 1160 01:32:51,108 --> 01:32:54,485 and our language, so the argument runs, 1161 01:32:54,486 --> 01:32:58,073 must inevitably share in the general collapse. 1162 01:32:59,199 --> 01:33:02,660 The words, democracy, socialism, 1163 01:33:02,661 --> 01:33:04,578 freedom, patriotic, 1164 01:33:04,579 --> 01:33:07,916 {\an8}realistic, justice, 1165 01:33:08,333 --> 01:33:11,502 {\an8}have each of them several different meanings 1166 01:33:11,503 --> 01:33:14,297 which cannot be reconciled with one another. 1167 01:33:14,298 --> 01:33:17,426 We can't accept injustice! 1168 01:33:17,759 --> 01:33:20,678 We love freedom! 1169 01:33:20,679 --> 01:33:22,388 And first of all... 1170 01:33:22,389 --> 01:33:25,016 But if thought corrupts language, 1171 01:33:25,017 --> 01:33:28,019 language can also corrupt thought. 1172 01:33:28,020 --> 01:33:30,062 And here's the truth, 1173 01:33:30,063 --> 01:33:32,149 Israel seeks peace. 1174 01:33:32,816 --> 01:33:34,776 Israel yearns for peace. 1175 01:33:35,235 --> 01:33:39,322 Israel has made peace and will make peace again. 1176 01:34:50,394 --> 01:34:54,648 Political language is designed to make lies sound truthful 1177 01:34:55,023 --> 01:34:57,274 and murder respectable. 1178 01:35:07,577 --> 01:35:13,458 Barnhill, Isle of Jura, 22nd of October, 1948. 1179 01:35:14,835 --> 01:35:16,377 Dear Fred, 1180 01:35:16,378 --> 01:35:19,380 I have just read Sartre's book on antisemitism, 1181 01:35:19,381 --> 01:35:21,675 which you published, to review. 1182 01:35:22,384 --> 01:35:26,888 I think Sartre is a bag of wind and I'm going to give him a good boot. 1183 01:35:27,431 --> 01:35:32,059 The less talk there is about "the" Jew or "the" antisemite 1184 01:35:32,060 --> 01:35:36,772 as a species of animal different from ourselves, the better. 1185 01:36:18,315 --> 01:36:19,899 At the start of 2024, 1186 01:36:19,900 --> 01:36:22,359 {\an8}Google cut 1,000 jobs. 1187 01:36:22,360 --> 01:36:24,570 Pichai says it's about 1188 01:36:24,571 --> 01:36:28,033 "removing layers to simplify execution." 1189 01:36:28,658 --> 01:36:32,829 Tesla, we're told the company will lay off over ten percent of its workforce. 1190 01:36:33,788 --> 01:36:37,708 UPS announced it will lay off 12,000 employees. 1191 01:36:37,709 --> 01:36:40,961 The practice of staff ranking employees 1192 01:36:40,962 --> 01:36:43,380 might be making a comeback in Silicon Valley. 1193 01:36:43,381 --> 01:36:45,675 The lay-offs are already piling up this year. 1194 01:36:46,092 --> 01:36:48,302 The lay-offs in technology just keep coming. 1195 01:36:48,303 --> 01:36:50,846 The latest, Google just cutting hundreds of jobs. 1196 01:36:50,847 --> 01:36:52,389 OK, it's one thing to do that, 1197 01:36:52,390 --> 01:36:54,391 to, like, decide that at a high level. 1198 01:36:54,392 --> 01:36:57,478 How do you execute that as compassionately as possible? 1199 01:36:57,479 --> 01:36:59,564 And there's no good way, um... 1200 01:37:00,690 --> 01:37:02,107 There's no perfect way, for sure, 1201 01:37:02,108 --> 01:37:04,193 and it's gonna be tough no matter what, 1202 01:37:04,194 --> 01:37:06,237 but as a leadership team here, 1203 01:37:06,238 --> 01:37:08,113 we've certainly spent a lot of time just thinking, 1204 01:37:08,114 --> 01:37:11,826 "OK, what is the most compassionate way that we can do this?" 1205 01:37:24,130 --> 01:37:27,883 From where Winston stood, it was just possible to read, 1206 01:37:27,884 --> 01:37:31,137 picked out on its white face in elegant lettering, 1207 01:37:31,972 --> 01:37:34,598 the three slogans of the party, 1208 01:37:34,599 --> 01:37:37,351 Freedom is Slavery, 1209 01:37:37,352 --> 01:37:39,854 War is Peace, 1210 01:37:40,230 --> 01:37:43,107 Ignorance is Strength. 1211 01:37:56,246 --> 01:37:57,998 Again, how many fingers? 1212 01:38:00,625 --> 01:38:02,085 I don't know. 1213 01:38:03,336 --> 01:38:04,671 I don't know. 1214 01:38:05,797 --> 01:38:08,300 Four, five, six? 1215 01:38:09,426 --> 01:38:12,304 In all honesty, I don't know. 1216 01:38:20,729 --> 01:38:22,646 The Cotswold Sanatorium, 1217 01:38:22,647 --> 01:38:27,777 Cranham, Gloucestershire, the 2nd of February, 1949. 1218 01:38:28,695 --> 01:38:33,949 Dear Julian, I wonder how you and your family are getting on. 1219 01:38:33,950 --> 01:38:36,870 I have been in this place about a month. 1220 01:38:37,245 --> 01:38:39,580 I think I told you last time I wrote 1221 01:38:39,581 --> 01:38:42,500 that I had been feeling very bad again. 1222 01:38:43,043 --> 01:38:45,377 Richard is getting on for five now 1223 01:38:45,378 --> 01:38:48,130 and is enormous and very healthy, 1224 01:38:48,131 --> 01:38:51,384 though still not interested in learning his letters. 1225 01:38:52,093 --> 01:38:54,553 I suppose this coming winter 1226 01:38:54,554 --> 01:38:57,056 he will have to start going to school, 1227 01:38:57,057 --> 01:39:01,144 which he is certain to enjoy, as he is very gregarious. 1228 01:39:22,624 --> 01:39:26,127 Cranham, 8th of April, 1949. 1229 01:39:26,753 --> 01:39:28,379 Dear Richard, 1230 01:39:28,380 --> 01:39:31,090 Don't depress the others too much with this, 1231 01:39:31,091 --> 01:39:34,427 but the fact is I am in a bad way at present. 1232 01:39:34,761 --> 01:39:37,847 They are going to try streptomycin again. 1233 01:39:38,181 --> 01:39:40,141 If things go badly, 1234 01:39:40,558 --> 01:39:42,434 of course we'll hope they won't, 1235 01:39:42,435 --> 01:39:44,270 but one must be prepared for the worst, 1236 01:39:45,230 --> 01:39:48,357 I'll ask you to bring little Richard to see me 1237 01:39:48,358 --> 01:39:50,360 before I get too frightening in appearance. 1238 01:40:22,475 --> 01:40:27,230 Cranham, Gloucester, 22nd of August, 1949. 1239 01:40:28,356 --> 01:40:29,607 Dear Fred, 1240 01:40:30,108 --> 01:40:32,151 Could you please send one copy each 1241 01:40:32,152 --> 01:40:35,612 of Burmese Days and Coming up for Air 1242 01:40:35,613 --> 01:40:38,867 to Sonia Brownell care of Horizon? 1243 01:40:40,410 --> 01:40:42,369 As I warned you I might do, 1244 01:40:42,370 --> 01:40:44,789 I intend getting married again, 1245 01:40:45,165 --> 01:40:46,416 to Sonia. 1246 01:40:47,292 --> 01:40:50,919 When I am once again in the land of the living, 1247 01:40:50,920 --> 01:40:52,589 if I ever am, 1248 01:40:53,047 --> 01:40:56,426 I suppose everyone will be horrified, 1249 01:40:57,010 --> 01:41:00,304 but apart from other considerations, 1250 01:41:00,305 --> 01:41:03,057 I really think I should stay alive longer 1251 01:41:03,516 --> 01:41:05,185 if I were married. 1252 01:41:08,897 --> 01:41:11,273 One, two! 1253 01:41:11,274 --> 01:41:14,234 One, two! 1254 01:41:14,235 --> 01:41:19,282 One, two! 1255 01:41:20,700 --> 01:41:22,242 Smith? 1256 01:41:22,243 --> 01:41:24,370 6079 Smith, W.? 1257 01:41:25,413 --> 01:41:27,999 Yes, you. Bend lower. 1258 01:41:29,334 --> 01:41:33,462 Winston wrenched his body out of bed, naked. 1259 01:41:33,463 --> 01:41:36,715 The physical jerks would begin in three minutes. 1260 01:41:36,716 --> 01:41:41,095 The next moment, he was doubled up by a violent coughing fit, 1261 01:41:41,930 --> 01:41:44,807 which nearly always attacked him soon after waking up. 1262 01:41:44,808 --> 01:41:47,935 It emptied his lungs so completely 1263 01:41:47,936 --> 01:41:50,270 that he could only begin breathing again 1264 01:41:50,271 --> 01:41:52,148 by lying on his back 1265 01:41:52,482 --> 01:41:55,109 and taking a series of deep gasps. 1266 01:42:07,997 --> 01:42:09,873 Dear Francis A. Henson 1267 01:42:09,874 --> 01:42:12,168 of the United Automobile Workers. 1268 01:42:12,836 --> 01:42:15,295 My recent novel is not intended 1269 01:42:15,296 --> 01:42:17,548 as an attack on socialism 1270 01:42:17,549 --> 01:42:19,759 or on the British Labour Party, 1271 01:42:20,176 --> 01:42:22,469 of which I am a supporter, 1272 01:42:22,470 --> 01:42:25,180 but as a show-up of the perversions 1273 01:42:25,181 --> 01:42:28,600 to which a centralized economy is liable 1274 01:42:28,601 --> 01:42:31,603 and which have already been partly realized 1275 01:42:31,604 --> 01:42:34,232 in communism and fascism. 1276 01:42:34,691 --> 01:42:37,985 I do not believe that the kind of society I describe 1277 01:42:37,986 --> 01:42:40,153 necessarily will arrive, 1278 01:42:40,154 --> 01:42:43,282 but I believe that something resembling it 1279 01:42:43,283 --> 01:42:45,033 could arrive 1280 01:42:45,034 --> 01:42:47,536 and I have tried to draw these ideas out 1281 01:42:47,537 --> 01:42:49,831 to their logical consequences. 1282 01:42:50,373 --> 01:42:53,500 The scene of the book is laid in Britain 1283 01:42:53,501 --> 01:42:57,129 in order to emphasize that the English-speaking races 1284 01:42:57,130 --> 01:43:00,173 are not innately better than anyone else 1285 01:43:00,174 --> 01:43:03,011 and that totalitarianism, 1286 01:43:03,469 --> 01:43:05,345 if not fought against, 1287 01:43:05,346 --> 01:43:07,432 could triumph anywhere. 1288 01:43:12,270 --> 01:43:13,730 We are the dead. 1289 01:43:16,024 --> 01:43:17,483 We are the dead. 1290 01:43:18,109 --> 01:43:20,111 You are the dead. 1291 01:43:21,237 --> 01:43:23,447 Remain exactly where you are. 1292 01:43:23,448 --> 01:43:26,199 Make no move until you are ordered. 1293 01:43:40,757 --> 01:43:41,758 Don't resist. 1294 01:43:42,258 --> 01:43:43,384 Stand in the middle of the room! 1295 01:43:46,262 --> 01:43:48,848 Do not touch one another. 1296 01:43:51,309 --> 01:43:53,019 Take the woman! 1297 01:43:53,561 --> 01:43:55,562 No, don't let them take me! 1298 01:43:55,563 --> 01:43:58,440 No, no, no! 1299 01:44:00,693 --> 01:44:04,197 I warned you it wouldn't be as peaceful here as you would like. 1300 01:44:05,365 --> 01:44:07,742 Nothing is hidden from the Thought Police. 1301 01:44:19,253 --> 01:44:21,630 "How does one man assert his power 1302 01:44:21,631 --> 01:44:23,633 over another, Winston?" 1303 01:44:24,550 --> 01:44:26,094 Winston thought. 1304 01:44:27,053 --> 01:44:29,555 "By making him suffer," he said. 1305 01:44:30,056 --> 01:44:33,600 "Exactly, by making him suffer." 1306 01:44:39,482 --> 01:44:41,526 Obedience is not enough. 1307 01:44:41,985 --> 01:44:43,695 Unless he is suffering, 1308 01:44:44,779 --> 01:44:47,531 how can you be sure that he is obeying your will 1309 01:44:47,532 --> 01:44:48,741 and not his own? 1310 01:44:50,994 --> 01:44:54,830 Power is in inflicting pain and humiliation. 1311 01:44:59,460 --> 01:45:03,171 Power is in tearing human minds to pieces 1312 01:45:03,172 --> 01:45:06,508 and putting them together again in new shapes 1313 01:45:06,509 --> 01:45:08,593 of your own choosing. 1314 01:45:23,401 --> 01:45:25,527 If you want a vision of the future, Winston, 1315 01:45:25,528 --> 01:45:29,490 imagine a boot stamping on a human face forever. 1316 01:45:31,534 --> 01:45:34,370 Please. 1317 01:45:39,333 --> 01:45:41,626 I don't care what you do to her, but do it to her. 1318 01:45:41,627 --> 01:45:43,838 Tear her face off, do it to Julia and not to me! 1319 01:45:46,424 --> 01:45:48,634 Do it to Julia! 1320 01:45:49,343 --> 01:45:51,637 Do it to Julia! 1321 01:45:52,263 --> 01:45:53,598 Not me! 1322 01:45:55,016 --> 01:45:59,811 Do you begin to see then what kind of world we are creating? 1323 01:46:38,810 --> 01:46:42,354 All we have done is to advance to a point 1324 01:46:42,355 --> 01:46:46,359 at which we could make a real improvement in human life, 1325 01:46:47,193 --> 01:46:49,779 but we shan't do it without the recognition 1326 01:46:50,196 --> 01:46:52,949 that common decency is necessary. 1327 01:47:13,261 --> 01:47:15,721 My chief hope for the future 1328 01:47:16,139 --> 01:47:17,974 is that the common people 1329 01:47:18,474 --> 01:47:22,603 have never parted company with their moral code. 1330 01:48:56,030 --> 01:48:57,198 I betrayed you. 1331 01:48:57,907 --> 01:48:59,658 I betrayed you. 1332 01:48:59,659 --> 01:49:01,451 I told them all about you. 1333 01:49:01,452 --> 01:49:03,120 Yes, I told them about you too. 1334 01:49:07,291 --> 01:49:08,876 I ask only... 1335 01:49:09,627 --> 01:49:12,088 for you to accept my love of our leader. 1336 01:49:12,630 --> 01:49:16,425 I love Big Brother. 1337 01:49:16,842 --> 01:49:18,301 Long live Big Brother. 1338 01:49:18,302 --> 01:49:26,227 Long live Big Brother! Long live Big Brother! 1339 01:49:26,727 --> 01:49:30,230 Long live Big Brother! Long live Big Brother! 1340 01:49:30,231 --> 01:49:33,567 Long live Big Brother! 1341 01:49:47,498 --> 01:49:49,582 Ladies and gentlemen, 1342 01:49:49,583 --> 01:49:53,587 please welcome the next president of the United States, 1343 01:49:54,088 --> 01:49:57,508 President Donald J. Trump. 1344 01:50:00,678 --> 01:50:04,390 The greatest fear that I have regarding the outcome 1345 01:50:04,849 --> 01:50:08,810 for America of these disclosures is that nothing will change. 1346 01:50:08,811 --> 01:50:13,356 People will see in the media, all of these disclosures. 1347 01:50:13,357 --> 01:50:17,110 They'll know the lengths the government is going to 1348 01:50:17,111 --> 01:50:20,823 to grant themselves powers unilaterally 1349 01:50:21,240 --> 01:50:26,202 um, to create greater control over American society 1350 01:50:26,203 --> 01:50:27,954 and global society, 1351 01:50:27,955 --> 01:50:30,665 but they won't be willing 1352 01:50:30,666 --> 01:50:34,127 to take the risks necessary to stand up 1353 01:50:34,128 --> 01:50:36,338 and fight to change things, 1354 01:50:36,339 --> 01:50:39,341 to force their representatives 1355 01:50:39,342 --> 01:50:42,635 to actually take a stand in their interests. 1356 01:50:42,636 --> 01:50:44,512 {\an8}In four years, you won't have to vote again. 1357 01:50:44,513 --> 01:50:46,765 {\an8}We'll have it fixed so good, you're not gonna have to vote. 1358 01:50:52,480 --> 01:50:54,482 How do we solve collective-action problems? 1359 01:50:55,441 --> 01:50:57,984 We solve them with democracy. 1360 01:50:57,985 --> 01:51:02,238 So, there is one thing that surveillance capitalists fear. 1361 01:51:02,239 --> 01:51:05,408 It may not be me as an individual 1362 01:51:05,409 --> 01:51:07,118 or you as an individual 1363 01:51:07,119 --> 01:51:09,287 or your son or daughter as an individual, 1364 01:51:09,288 --> 01:51:13,376 but what they fear is all of us mobilized together now. 1365 01:51:29,183 --> 01:51:31,184 "If there is hope," 1366 01:51:31,185 --> 01:51:33,729 wrote Winston, "It lies in the proles, 1367 01:51:34,897 --> 01:51:39,110 If there was hope, it must lie in the proles 1368 01:51:40,444 --> 01:51:43,613 because only there in those swarming, 1369 01:51:43,614 --> 01:51:45,698 disregarded masses, 1370 01:51:45,699 --> 01:51:49,244 85% of the population of Oceania, 1371 01:51:49,245 --> 01:51:51,955 could the force to destroy the party 1372 01:51:51,956 --> 01:51:54,125 ever be generated. 1373 01:51:55,167 --> 01:51:59,839 {\an8}The party could not be overthrown from within." 1374 01:53:11,702 --> 01:53:13,329 Daily routine 1375 01:53:14,288 --> 01:53:16,749 at University College Hospital. 1376 01:53:17,958 --> 01:53:19,168 "How did you sleep?" 1377 01:53:21,504 --> 01:53:22,880 7 to 7:30 a.m. 1378 01:53:25,132 --> 01:53:26,175 Temperature taken. 1379 01:53:28,636 --> 01:53:30,513 7:30 to 8. 1380 01:53:32,097 --> 01:53:33,641 Blanket bath. 1381 01:53:35,059 --> 01:53:36,393 "Back" rubbed. 1382 01:53:38,103 --> 01:53:39,605 10:30. 1383 01:53:40,940 --> 01:53:43,859 Ward maid comes to sweep room. 1384 01:53:48,113 --> 01:53:51,742 6:45, dinner. 1385 01:53:52,493 --> 01:53:55,913 10, temperature taken. 1386 01:53:56,830 --> 01:53:58,916 A drink of some sort. 1387 01:54:00,543 --> 01:54:02,461 10:30 about. 1388 01:54:04,088 --> 01:54:05,631 Bed "tipped" 1389 01:54:06,298 --> 01:54:08,259 and light put out 1390 01:54:09,218 --> 01:54:10,678 shortly after. 109828

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