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When I sit down to write a book,
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00:02:23,185 --> 00:02:25,478
I do not say to myself,
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00:02:25,479 --> 00:02:27,773
"I'm going to produce a work of art."
4
00:02:29,608 --> 00:02:33,904
I write it because there is some lie
that I want to expose,
5
00:02:34,697 --> 00:02:37,908
some fact
to which I want to draw attention,
6
00:02:39,159 --> 00:02:42,746
and my initial concern
is to get a hearing.
7
00:02:44,832 --> 00:02:49,545
My starting point
is always a feeling of partisanship,
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00:02:50,254 --> 00:02:52,590
a sense of injustice.
9
00:02:59,847 --> 00:03:01,265
Two and two.
10
00:03:01,891 --> 00:03:03,433
Four.
11
00:03:03,434 --> 00:03:04,935
-Again?
- Four.
12
00:03:05,436 --> 00:03:08,230
Good, there are people
who'll tell you the answer's five.
13
00:03:12,109 --> 00:03:14,612
Usually, they're called government.
14
00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:17,740
Great leaders,
15
00:03:19,491 --> 00:03:21,577
it becomes very important to them
16
00:03:22,369 --> 00:03:25,831
that the people should believe
that the answer's five.
17
00:03:26,498 --> 00:03:28,292
They'll tell you lies.
18
00:03:29,835 --> 00:03:31,545
They'll torture you.
19
00:03:33,380 --> 00:03:34,757
They'll kill you.
20
00:03:37,134 --> 00:03:39,178
At the moment of death,
21
00:03:39,970 --> 00:03:42,556
you must still insist that the answer
22
00:03:43,098 --> 00:03:44,599
is four.
23
00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:15,839
April 18th, 1984.
24
00:04:17,883 --> 00:04:19,510
Nobody keeps a diary today.
25
00:04:20,719 --> 00:04:24,807
Because to do so
would be punishable by death.
26
00:04:31,105 --> 00:04:32,606
I don't care anymore.
27
00:04:34,024 --> 00:04:36,609
I found this old book by chance.
28
00:04:39,029 --> 00:04:42,700
I'm going to set down
what I dare not say aloud to anyone.
29
00:04:52,001 --> 00:04:55,962
This, in 1984, is London,
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00:04:55,963 --> 00:04:58,464
chief city of Airstrip 1,
31
00:04:58,465 --> 00:05:01,260
a province of the state of Oceania.
32
00:05:18,277 --> 00:05:22,448
From a very early age,
perhaps the age of five or six,
33
00:05:23,532 --> 00:05:26,909
I knew that when I grew up
I should be a writer.
34
00:05:28,454 --> 00:05:32,331
I had the lonely child's habit
of making up stories
35
00:05:32,332 --> 00:05:36,128
and holding conversations
with imaginary persons.
36
00:05:37,504 --> 00:05:40,214
I knew that I had a facility with words
37
00:05:40,215 --> 00:05:43,135
and a power of facing unpleasant facts,
38
00:05:44,428 --> 00:05:47,513
and I felt that this created
a sort of private world
39
00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:49,640
in which I could get my own back
40
00:05:49,641 --> 00:05:52,519
for my failure in everyday life.
41
00:05:54,188 --> 00:05:57,649
I wanted to write
enormous naturalistic novels.
42
00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:59,128
There's no such thing as "Rohingya."
43
00:07:17,604 --> 00:07:21,440
I do not think
one can assess a writer's motives
44
00:07:21,441 --> 00:07:24,695
without knowing something
of his early development.
45
00:07:36,957 --> 00:07:41,502
His subject matter will be determined
by the age he lives in.
46
00:07:41,503 --> 00:07:45,840
At least this is true
in tumultuous, revolutionary ages
47
00:07:45,841 --> 00:07:47,259
like our own.
48
00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:58,811
{\an8}When I was not yet 20,
49
00:07:58,812 --> 00:08:02,357
I went to Burma
in the Indian Imperial Police.
50
00:08:06,862 --> 00:08:10,072
In an outpost of empire like Burma,
51
00:08:10,073 --> 00:08:14,244
the class question appeared
at first sight to have been shelved.
52
00:08:14,828 --> 00:08:17,038
Most of the white men in Burma
53
00:08:17,039 --> 00:08:21,209
were not of the type who in England
would be called gentlemen,
54
00:08:21,210 --> 00:08:24,420
but they were white men
in contradistinction
55
00:08:24,421 --> 00:08:27,173
to the other and inferior class,
56
00:08:27,174 --> 00:08:28,467
the natives.
57
00:08:31,595 --> 00:08:33,512
In the free air of England,
58
00:08:33,513 --> 00:08:37,059
that kind of thing
is not fully intelligible.
59
00:08:38,227 --> 00:08:40,270
In order to hate imperialism,
60
00:08:40,729 --> 00:08:42,439
you've got to be part of it,
61
00:08:43,106 --> 00:08:46,275
but it is not possible
to be part of such a system
62
00:08:46,276 --> 00:08:50,530
without recognizing it
as an unjustifiable tyranny.
63
00:08:51,573 --> 00:08:55,993
Even the thickest-skinned
Anglo-Indian is aware of this.
64
00:08:55,994 --> 00:08:58,663
Every native face
he sees in the street
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00:08:58,664 --> 00:09:02,458
brings home to him
his monstrous intrusion.
66
00:09:04,002 --> 00:09:06,170
But I was in the police,
67
00:09:06,171 --> 00:09:10,424
which is to say that I was part
of the actual machinery
68
00:09:10,425 --> 00:09:11,968
of despotism.
69
00:09:19,810 --> 00:09:23,438
When I came home on leave in 1927,
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00:09:24,273 --> 00:09:27,942
I was already half determined
to throw up my job,
71
00:09:27,943 --> 00:09:31,238
and one sniff of English air decided me.
72
00:09:32,614 --> 00:09:36,535
For five years, I have been part
of an oppressive system
73
00:09:37,286 --> 00:09:39,996
and it left me with a bad conscience.
74
00:09:39,997 --> 00:09:43,249
Innumerable remembered faces,
75
00:09:43,250 --> 00:09:45,210
faces of prisoners in the dark,
76
00:09:46,211 --> 00:09:49,630
of men waiting
in the condemned cells,
77
00:09:49,631 --> 00:09:51,674
of subordinates I had bullied
78
00:09:51,675 --> 00:09:54,219
and aged peasants I had snubbed,
79
00:09:54,928 --> 00:09:57,847
of servants and coolies
I had hit with my fist
80
00:09:57,848 --> 00:09:59,474
in moments of rage
81
00:10:00,017 --> 00:10:02,227
haunted me intolerably.
82
00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:30,797
They killed my son! They killed my son!
83
00:10:43,352 --> 00:10:48,440
No book is genuinely free
from political bias.
84
00:10:49,775 --> 00:10:54,070
The opinion that art
should have nothing to do with politics
85
00:10:54,071 --> 00:10:56,947
is itself a political attitude.
86
00:11:20,013 --> 00:11:22,682
Don't go into
the school compound!
87
00:11:23,892 --> 00:11:25,644
Don't!
88
00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:28,814
Don't touch her!
89
00:11:29,606 --> 00:11:31,733
Don't touch my mom!
90
00:11:31,983 --> 00:11:34,444
Don't take her away!
91
00:11:37,406 --> 00:11:40,908
{\an8}I had reduced everything
to the simple theory
92
00:11:40,909 --> 00:11:45,288
{\an8}that the oppressed are always right
and the oppressors are always wrong,
93
00:11:46,832 --> 00:11:50,084
a mistaken theory,
but the natural result
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00:11:50,085 --> 00:11:52,754
of being one
of the oppressors yourself.
95
00:12:13,191 --> 00:12:15,818
A society becomes totalitarian
96
00:12:15,819 --> 00:12:19,865
when its structure
becomes flagrantly artificial,
97
00:12:20,449 --> 00:12:21,699
that is,
98
00:12:21,700 --> 00:12:24,994
when its ruling class
has lost its function,
99
00:12:24,995 --> 00:12:29,833
but succeeds in clinging to power
by force or fraud,
100
00:12:31,501 --> 00:12:34,462
but to be corrupted
by totalitarianism,
101
00:12:34,463 --> 00:12:38,132
one does not have to live
in a totalitarian country.
102
00:12:50,145 --> 00:12:51,729
Tonight,
I wanted to take a few minutes
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00:12:51,730 --> 00:12:53,773
to discuss a grave threat to peace.
104
00:12:54,274 --> 00:12:56,026
The threat comes from Iraq.
105
00:12:57,569 --> 00:13:01,156
It arises directly
from the Iraqi regime's own actions,
106
00:13:02,657 --> 00:13:04,284
its history of aggression,
107
00:13:04,868 --> 00:13:08,205
and its drive
toward an arsenal of terror.
108
00:13:08,622 --> 00:13:11,081
We're at war with the people of Eurasia,
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00:13:11,082 --> 00:13:14,251
the vile and ruthless aggressors
who have committed countless atrocities
110
00:13:14,252 --> 00:13:17,422
and who are guilty of every
bestial crime a human being can commit.
111
00:13:17,797 --> 00:13:20,758
They've laid waste to our land,
destroyed our factories,
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00:13:20,759 --> 00:13:23,887
looted our homes, massacred
our children, and raped our women!
113
00:13:24,679 --> 00:13:28,849
{\an8}When Iraq finally admitted
to having these weapons in 1995,
114
00:13:28,850 --> 00:13:31,018
{\an8}the quantities were vast.
115
00:13:31,019 --> 00:13:33,979
{\an8}Less than a teaspoon
of dry anthrax,
116
00:13:33,980 --> 00:13:36,440
{\an8}a little bit... about this amount.
117
00:13:36,441 --> 00:13:39,193
{\an8}
This kind of thing happens everywhere,
118
00:13:39,194 --> 00:13:43,989
{\an8}but it is clearly likelier to lead
to outright falsification
119
00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:49,703
{\an8}in societies where only one opinion
is permissible at any given moment.
120
00:13:49,704 --> 00:13:54,042
{\an8}I've made the decision
to conduct a special military operation.
121
00:13:56,378 --> 00:14:00,089
Its aim will be to protect those
who have been persecuted
122
00:14:00,090 --> 00:14:03,802
in the Kyiv regime's genocide
these past eight years.
123
00:14:04,678 --> 00:14:08,430
Our goal therefore
will be to de-militarize
124
00:14:08,431 --> 00:14:09,975
and de-nazify Ukraine.
125
00:14:13,228 --> 00:14:17,314
The organized lying
practiced by totalitarian states
126
00:14:17,315 --> 00:14:20,359
is not, as is sometimes claimed,
127
00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:23,487
a temporary expedient
of the same nature
128
00:14:23,488 --> 00:14:25,615
as military deception.
129
00:14:26,199 --> 00:14:30,077
It is something integral
to totalitarianism,
130
00:14:30,078 --> 00:14:32,371
something that would still continue
131
00:14:32,372 --> 00:14:36,375
even if concentration camps
and secret police forces
132
00:14:36,376 --> 00:14:38,837
had ceased to be necessary.
133
00:14:40,130 --> 00:14:43,507
Totalitarianism demands, in fact,
134
00:14:43,508 --> 00:14:46,802
the continuous alteration of the past
135
00:14:46,803 --> 00:14:50,264
and, in the long run,
probably demands a disbelief
136
00:14:50,265 --> 00:14:54,226
in the very existence
of objective truth.
137
00:14:54,227 --> 00:14:57,564
{\an8}Had we not engaged
in our special military operation,
138
00:14:57,856 --> 00:15:01,276
{\an8}they would have attacked Russia.
139
00:15:01,651 --> 00:15:04,571
{\an8}They, the Nazis,
had long been preparing an attack.
140
00:15:05,363 --> 00:15:07,615
How many fingers
am I holding up, Winston?
141
00:15:07,616 --> 00:15:08,824
Four.
142
00:15:08,825 --> 00:15:13,078
And if Big Brother
were to say not four but five,
143
00:15:13,079 --> 00:15:14,414
then how many?
144
00:15:16,207 --> 00:15:17,083
Four.
145
00:15:19,961 --> 00:15:21,837
How many fingers, Winston?
146
00:15:21,838 --> 00:15:24,590
Stop it!
Anything! Five!
147
00:15:24,591 --> 00:15:26,300
- Stop the pain!
-No, Winston.
148
00:15:26,301 --> 00:15:29,470
There's no use, you are lying.
You still think you see four.
149
00:15:29,471 --> 00:15:31,138
But it's five!
150
00:15:31,139 --> 00:15:33,432
Two and two
do not always make four, Winston.
151
00:15:33,433 --> 00:15:37,269
Sometimes they make five.
Again, how many fingers am I holding up.
152
00:15:40,315 --> 00:15:43,693
August 26, 1946.
153
00:15:44,277 --> 00:15:46,862
A few showers in the afternoon,
154
00:15:46,863 --> 00:15:49,157
otherwise a beautiful day.
155
00:15:50,742 --> 00:15:54,078
When the breeze drops,
the midges were so bad
156
00:15:54,079 --> 00:15:56,790
as to make it almost impossible to work.
157
00:15:57,540 --> 00:16:01,293
One is actually breathing them
into one's nostrils,
158
00:16:01,294 --> 00:16:03,672
and the irritation is maddening.
159
00:16:11,513 --> 00:16:14,598
I was born into what you might describe
160
00:16:14,599 --> 00:16:17,268
as the lower upper-middle class.
161
00:16:20,105 --> 00:16:23,399
People in this class owned no land,
162
00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:27,152
but they felt that they were landowners
in the sight of God
163
00:16:27,153 --> 00:16:29,406
and kept up a semi-aristocratic outlook
164
00:16:30,198 --> 00:16:34,243
{\an8}by going into the professions
and the fighting services
165
00:16:34,244 --> 00:16:36,329
rather than into trade.
166
00:16:39,416 --> 00:16:44,545
To belong to this class, when you were
at the 400-pound-a-year level,
167
00:16:44,546 --> 00:16:46,797
was a queer business
168
00:16:46,798 --> 00:16:51,261
for it meant that your gentility
was almost purely theoretical.
169
00:16:52,470 --> 00:16:56,265
Small boys used to count
the plum stones on their plates
170
00:16:56,266 --> 00:16:59,393
and foretell their destiny by chanting,
171
00:16:59,394 --> 00:17:03,647
"Army, Navy, Church, Medicine, Law."
172
00:17:06,067 --> 00:17:09,486
Theoretically,
you knew all about servants
173
00:17:09,487 --> 00:17:11,238
and how to tip them,
174
00:17:11,239 --> 00:17:16,244
although in practice, you had one,
at most two resident servants.
175
00:17:18,079 --> 00:17:21,373
Theoretically,
you knew how to wear your clothes
176
00:17:21,374 --> 00:17:23,375
and how to order a dinner,
177
00:17:23,376 --> 00:17:28,130
although in practice you could
never afford to go to a decent tailor
178
00:17:28,131 --> 00:17:30,216
or a decent restaurant.
179
00:17:30,925 --> 00:17:34,887
Theoretically,
you knew how to shoot and ride,
180
00:17:34,888 --> 00:17:38,599
although in practice
you had no horses to ride
181
00:17:38,600 --> 00:17:41,518
and not an inch of ground
to shoot over.
182
00:17:43,813 --> 00:17:47,775
It was this
that explained the attraction of India,
183
00:17:47,776 --> 00:17:51,445
more recently Kenya, Nigeria, etc.,
184
00:17:51,446 --> 00:17:53,865
for the lower upper-middle class.
185
00:17:55,200 --> 00:17:59,161
The people who went there
as soldiers and officials
186
00:17:59,162 --> 00:18:01,246
did not go there to make money,
187
00:18:01,247 --> 00:18:05,250
for a soldier or an official
does not want money.
188
00:18:05,251 --> 00:18:08,212
They went there because in India,
189
00:18:08,213 --> 00:18:11,423
with cheap horses, free shooting,
190
00:18:11,424 --> 00:18:13,509
and hordes of black servants,
191
00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:17,679
it was so easy
to play at being a gentleman.
192
00:18:27,315 --> 00:18:30,109
This is your cook. Name's Eza.
193
00:18:30,819 --> 00:18:31,653
Eza.
194
00:18:37,075 --> 00:18:40,161
And this is Juma, houseboy.
195
00:18:41,746 --> 00:18:42,664
Juma.
196
00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:48,794
Come. See your house.
197
00:19:02,100 --> 00:19:04,184
Under the capitalist system,
198
00:19:04,185 --> 00:19:07,521
in order that England may live
in comparative comfort,
199
00:19:07,522 --> 00:19:12,569
100 million Indians
must live on the verge of starvation.
200
00:19:13,945 --> 00:19:17,364
The alternative
is to throw the empire overboard
201
00:19:17,365 --> 00:19:22,286
and reduce England to a cold
and unimportant, little island
202
00:19:22,287 --> 00:19:24,746
where we should all have
to work very hard
203
00:19:24,747 --> 00:19:28,167
and live mainly on herrings
and potatoes.
204
00:19:29,502 --> 00:19:31,795
The fact that has got to be faced
205
00:19:31,796 --> 00:19:34,757
is that to abolish class distinctions
206
00:19:35,383 --> 00:19:37,176
means abolishing a part of yourself.
207
00:19:40,388 --> 00:19:44,517
Here am I,
a typical member of the middle class.
208
00:19:45,018 --> 00:19:49,521
All my notions,
notions of good and evil,
209
00:19:49,522 --> 00:19:52,399
of pleasant and unpleasant,
210
00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:54,277
of funny and serious,
211
00:19:54,861 --> 00:19:57,155
of ugly and beautiful,
212
00:19:57,697 --> 00:20:00,657
are essentially middle-class notions.
213
00:20:10,543 --> 00:20:13,378
Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital,
214
00:20:13,379 --> 00:20:16,007
East Kilbridge near Glasgow,
215
00:20:16,799 --> 00:20:19,636
first of January, 1948.
216
00:20:27,268 --> 00:20:31,564
Dear Gwen, I believe Mr. Dick
sent you a line about my case.
217
00:20:32,273 --> 00:20:36,151
He said I had a fairly extensive cavity
in the left lung
218
00:20:36,152 --> 00:20:39,405
and also a small patch
at the top of the other lung.
219
00:20:40,281 --> 00:20:44,576
The treatment they are giving me
is to put the left lung out of action,
220
00:20:44,577 --> 00:20:47,622
which is supposed to give it
a better chance to heal.
221
00:20:48,790 --> 00:20:52,710
For the rest,
I am still really very ill and weak.
222
00:20:53,628 --> 00:20:58,423
It is a nice hospital
and everyone is extremely kind to me,
223
00:20:58,424 --> 00:21:02,303
but I have, of course,
done no work for two or three months.
224
00:21:25,868 --> 00:21:29,871
"Some Eurasian prisoners,
guilty of war crimes,
225
00:21:29,872 --> 00:21:32,417
were to be hanged
in the park that evening,"
226
00:21:33,209 --> 00:21:34,877
Winston remembered.
227
00:21:35,586 --> 00:21:39,424
This happened about once a month
and was a popular spectacle.
228
00:21:41,050 --> 00:21:44,302
Children always clamored
to be taken to see it.
229
00:21:44,303 --> 00:21:45,805
"Why can't we go
and see the hanging?"
230
00:21:46,597 --> 00:21:49,474
roared the boy in his huge voice.
231
00:21:49,475 --> 00:21:52,644
"Want to see the hanging,"
chanted the little girl,
232
00:21:52,645 --> 00:21:54,355
still capering 'round.
233
00:21:58,526 --> 00:22:02,697
The warders had formed in a rough circle
around the gallows,
234
00:22:03,239 --> 00:22:06,241
and then, when the noose was fixed,
235
00:22:06,242 --> 00:22:09,037
the prisoner began crying out
on his god.
236
00:22:18,838 --> 00:22:20,923
Minutes seemed to pass.
237
00:22:21,340 --> 00:22:24,676
The steady, muffled crying
from the prisoner
238
00:22:24,677 --> 00:22:26,554
went on and on.
239
00:22:27,221 --> 00:22:30,807
We looked at the lashed,
hooded man on the drop
240
00:22:30,808 --> 00:22:33,268
and listened to his cries,
241
00:22:33,269 --> 00:22:35,855
each cry another second of life.
242
00:22:36,272 --> 00:22:39,149
Oh, kill him quickly. Get it over.
243
00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:41,068
Stop that abominable noise.
244
00:22:52,872 --> 00:22:56,333
Most people approve
of capital punishment,
245
00:22:56,334 --> 00:23:00,046
but most people
wouldn't do the hangman's job.
246
00:23:07,595 --> 00:23:09,262
An example needs to be made!
247
00:23:09,263 --> 00:23:12,225
-Let us in!
-Get in there!
248
00:23:21,609 --> 00:23:22,944
{\an8}Are they trying to get rid
of all of us?
249
00:23:27,949 --> 00:23:31,034
These were peaceful people.
These were great people.
250
00:23:31,035 --> 00:23:33,745
The crowd was unbelievable,
251
00:23:33,746 --> 00:23:36,289
and I mentioned the word "love,"
the love, the love in the air,
252
00:23:36,290 --> 00:23:38,250
I've never seen anything like it.
253
00:23:38,251 --> 00:23:39,626
Get in!
254
00:23:41,879 --> 00:23:44,382
Go! Go! Go!
255
00:23:47,176 --> 00:23:49,011
Come on, go!
256
00:23:55,143 --> 00:23:58,812
Oh, this is about to get dirty, man.
We gotta get back.
257
00:23:58,813 --> 00:24:00,439
He's got a gun. Get down.
258
00:24:12,994 --> 00:24:14,287
Hey!
259
00:24:15,163 --> 00:24:16,664
Fuckin' A, man.
260
00:24:19,500 --> 00:24:21,711
{\an8}No!
We're not putting up with that either.
261
00:24:24,714 --> 00:24:26,507
1776!
262
00:24:29,468 --> 00:24:31,304
America showed up!
263
00:24:37,393 --> 00:24:42,148
{\an8}FBI operatives were organizing
the attack on the Capitol.
264
00:24:56,078 --> 00:24:57,746
I don't believe
265
00:24:57,747 --> 00:24:59,289
{\an8}that Trump supporters did that.
266
00:24:59,290 --> 00:25:02,083
{\an8}I think that they were enticed
by the FBI.
267
00:25:04,921 --> 00:25:09,425
A totalitarian state
is in effect a theocracy
268
00:25:09,884 --> 00:25:11,760
and its ruling caste,
269
00:25:11,761 --> 00:25:13,887
in order to keep its position,
270
00:25:13,888 --> 00:25:16,307
has to be thought of as infallible.
271
00:25:17,850 --> 00:25:20,018
Congress has certified the results.
272
00:25:20,019 --> 00:25:22,021
I don't want to say the election's over.
I just want to say...
273
00:25:23,814 --> 00:25:25,690
Congress has certified the results
274
00:25:25,691 --> 00:25:28,194
without saying the election's over, OK?
275
00:25:28,611 --> 00:25:32,406
My only goal was to ensure
the integrity of the vote.
276
00:25:34,033 --> 00:25:37,703
My only goal was to ensure
the integrity of the vote.
277
00:25:38,621 --> 00:25:43,542
Since, in practice, no one
is infallible, it is frequently necessary
278
00:25:44,126 --> 00:25:46,378
to rearrange past events
279
00:25:46,379 --> 00:25:50,715
in order to show that
this or that mistake was not made
280
00:25:50,716 --> 00:25:54,886
or that this or that imaginary triumph
actually happened.
281
00:25:54,887 --> 00:25:57,389
The Dominion Voting Systems,
282
00:25:57,390 --> 00:26:00,809
the Smartmatic technology software,
283
00:26:00,810 --> 00:26:02,310
and the software that goes
284
00:26:02,311 --> 00:26:05,480
in other computerized
voting systems here as well,
285
00:26:05,481 --> 00:26:07,190
not just Dominion,
286
00:26:07,191 --> 00:26:10,568
were created in Venezuela.
287
00:26:28,129 --> 00:26:32,841
You can tell he hasn't done
anything wrong just by his demeanor.
288
00:26:32,842 --> 00:26:35,343
I mean,
he would be trying to hide things.
289
00:26:35,344 --> 00:26:37,721
Already, there are countless people
290
00:26:37,722 --> 00:26:41,434
who'd think it scandalous
to falsify a scientific textbook,
291
00:26:42,018 --> 00:26:46,271
but would see nothing wrong
in falsifying a historical fact.
292
00:26:46,272 --> 00:26:49,483
Trump is blocking witnesses.
293
00:26:52,737 --> 00:26:53,696
I don't care.
294
00:26:57,783 --> 00:26:59,409
I'm with him to the finish.
295
00:26:59,410 --> 00:27:02,162
He could stand on the front steps
of the White House
296
00:27:02,163 --> 00:27:05,457
and commit murder,
and I'm with him.
297
00:27:14,884 --> 00:27:17,260
How do you explain all these charges?
298
00:27:17,261 --> 00:27:19,262
Well, they're all made up.
299
00:27:19,263 --> 00:27:22,474
- They're all made up?
- Yup, they're all made up.
300
00:27:22,475 --> 00:27:24,434
So, the election interference
in Georgia.
301
00:27:24,435 --> 00:27:28,355
Sidney Powell and Kenneth Chesebro,
who work for Donald Trump,
302
00:27:28,356 --> 00:27:30,523
they just plead guilty...
303
00:27:30,524 --> 00:27:34,319
- I don't believe that either.
- You don't believe they plead guilty?
304
00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:35,237
Nope.
305
00:27:35,988 --> 00:27:39,282
The friends
of totalitarianism in this country
306
00:27:39,283 --> 00:27:42,869
usually tend to argue that,
since absolute truth
307
00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:44,579
is not attainable,
308
00:27:44,580 --> 00:27:49,085
a big lie is no worse than a little lie.
309
00:27:50,044 --> 00:27:54,798
{\an8}The list of Trump lies
filled an entire page
310
00:27:54,799 --> 00:27:56,175
{\an8}of The New York Times.
311
00:27:56,842 --> 00:27:59,386
It includes only what the Times calls
312
00:27:59,387 --> 00:28:02,389
"demonstrably false statements."
313
00:28:33,421 --> 00:28:36,798
Second of January, 1948.
314
00:28:36,799 --> 00:28:41,261
Dear Julian,
thanks ever so for sending the pen,
315
00:28:41,262 --> 00:28:43,639
which, as you see, I am using.
316
00:28:44,723 --> 00:28:47,392
I think I'm getting a bit better.
317
00:28:47,393 --> 00:28:51,522
I don't feel quite so death-like
and I'm eating a lot more.
318
00:28:51,981 --> 00:28:55,150
I can't show you
the part-finished novel.
319
00:28:55,151 --> 00:28:57,444
I never show them to anybody
320
00:28:57,445 --> 00:28:59,612
because they're just a mess
321
00:28:59,613 --> 00:29:03,616
and don't have much of a relationship
to the final draft.
322
00:29:03,617 --> 00:29:06,995
I always say a book doesn't exist
323
00:29:06,996 --> 00:29:08,622
until it is finished.
324
00:29:17,715 --> 00:29:20,633
Every major change in policy
325
00:29:20,634 --> 00:29:24,345
demands a corresponding change
of doctrine
326
00:29:24,346 --> 00:29:28,100
and a revelation
of prominent historical figures.
327
00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:48,203
If the leader says
of such-and-such an event,
328
00:29:48,204 --> 00:29:50,246
"It never happened,"
329
00:29:50,247 --> 00:29:52,666
well, it never happened.
330
00:29:53,834 --> 00:29:57,045
If he says that two and two are five,
331
00:29:57,046 --> 00:30:00,007
well, two and two are five.
332
00:30:01,550 --> 00:30:04,720
This prospect frightens me
much more than bombs
333
00:30:05,513 --> 00:30:07,848
and that is not a frivolous statement.
334
00:30:10,351 --> 00:30:11,769
My friends,
335
00:30:12,019 --> 00:30:16,357
our descendants
will smile on what we'll accomplish.
336
00:30:17,191 --> 00:30:21,361
The age to come
will be an age of fulfillment.
337
00:30:21,362 --> 00:30:24,239
{\an8}The Life of Rosa Parks,
338
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:28,409
{\an8}this is apparently too woke
by the Republican Party.
339
00:30:28,410 --> 00:30:30,578
{\an8}Song of Solomon
340
00:30:30,579 --> 00:30:34,082
{\an8}is unacceptable to Republican politics.
341
00:30:34,083 --> 00:30:37,752
{\an8}Forty percent of banned books
342
00:30:37,753 --> 00:30:41,297
{\an8}reported are significantly addressing
343
00:30:41,298 --> 00:30:43,926
{\an8}and specifically addressing LGBT issues.
344
00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:31,139
{\an8}When we talk about progressive values,
345
00:31:31,140 --> 00:31:33,766
{\an8}I can say what my progressive value is,
346
00:31:33,767 --> 00:31:36,311
{\an8}and that is freedom over fascism.
347
00:32:40,834 --> 00:32:43,420
{\an8}Let's say you take these books
out of the library.
348
00:32:44,088 --> 00:32:47,298
{\an8}What are you gonna do with them?
Are you gonna put them in the street?
349
00:32:47,299 --> 00:32:50,510
{\an8}Light them on fire?
Where are they going?
350
00:32:50,511 --> 00:32:53,263
{\an8}I don't have a clue,
but I would burn them.
351
00:33:08,112 --> 00:33:10,863
{\an8}
From the totalitarian point of view,
352
00:33:10,864 --> 00:33:13,033
{\an8}history is something to be created
353
00:33:13,575 --> 00:33:15,160
{\an8}rather than learned.
354
00:33:17,621 --> 00:33:19,747
This is what I will do
to the grooming books
355
00:33:19,748 --> 00:33:21,667
when I become
Secretary of State.
356
00:33:40,018 --> 00:33:45,274
Ward 3, Hairmyres Hospital,
20th of April, 1948.
357
00:33:45,941 --> 00:33:49,193
Dear Julian, I am a lot better,
358
00:33:49,194 --> 00:33:51,988
but I had a bad fortnight
with the secondary effects
359
00:33:51,989 --> 00:33:53,741
of the streptomycin.
360
00:33:54,658 --> 00:33:57,618
I am still fearfully weak and thin,
361
00:33:57,619 --> 00:34:00,037
but they seem pleased with my case,
362
00:34:00,038 --> 00:34:02,249
and I think I may get out
sometime during the summer.
363
00:34:04,001 --> 00:34:07,462
I'm longing to get up
to Jura at any rate
364
00:34:07,463 --> 00:34:09,965
and see how the farmwork is going,
365
00:34:10,549 --> 00:34:13,217
but I should have to be careful
not to do much.
366
00:34:24,480 --> 00:34:29,067
The goosestep is one of
the most horrible sights in the world.
367
00:34:29,610 --> 00:34:33,113
It is simply an affirmation
of naked power.
368
00:34:33,822 --> 00:34:38,076
In it is the vision of a boot
crashing down on a face.
369
00:34:39,787 --> 00:34:41,580
The goosestep is not used in England
370
00:34:42,247 --> 00:34:45,374
because the people in the street
would laugh.
371
00:35:08,023 --> 00:35:10,191
First, I spent five years
372
00:35:10,192 --> 00:35:13,403
in an unsuitable profession in Burma.
373
00:35:14,238 --> 00:35:17,783
This increased my natural hatred
of authority.
374
00:35:26,166 --> 00:35:28,668
The Spanish war and other events
375
00:35:28,669 --> 00:35:32,047
in 1936-7 turned the scale,
376
00:35:33,090 --> 00:35:36,426
and thereafter I knew where I stood.
377
00:35:43,308 --> 00:35:47,062
OK, who wants to take the floor?
378
00:35:47,938 --> 00:35:48,729
Teresa.
379
00:35:48,730 --> 00:35:50,147
We have to collectivize.
380
00:35:50,148 --> 00:35:53,401
The men at the front
381
00:35:53,402 --> 00:35:55,653
have no food
382
00:35:55,654 --> 00:35:58,448
and the fascists have left next to nothing
to the villagers.
383
00:35:58,699 --> 00:36:03,160
The village hasn't got enough food.
384
00:36:03,161 --> 00:36:05,496
We must collectivize
as soon as possible.
385
00:36:05,497 --> 00:36:07,957
We need food for ourselves
386
00:36:07,958 --> 00:36:11,753
and those fighting for us
at the front.
387
00:36:12,796 --> 00:36:17,717
I'm all for collectivizing
Don Julian's lands
388
00:36:17,718 --> 00:36:22,889
and redistribution in every form,
389
00:36:22,890 --> 00:36:26,727
but surely we can keep a little bit
for ourselves, right?
390
00:36:39,364 --> 00:36:41,991
Miguel, what is it you want to say?
391
00:36:41,992 --> 00:36:45,703
I'd like to say to our friend here
392
00:36:45,704 --> 00:36:48,915
that it's very good
he wants to work his own land,
393
00:36:48,916 --> 00:36:53,503
but how much better would it be
if we all worked it together?
394
00:36:54,379 --> 00:36:56,964
When the harvest is ready,
395
00:36:56,965 --> 00:36:59,634
are you going to eat all the wheat
396
00:36:59,635 --> 00:37:01,802
and all the potatoes?
397
00:37:01,803 --> 00:37:03,387
You've got it all wrong.
398
00:37:03,388 --> 00:37:07,224
We need everything we have
399
00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:12,104
to be able...
to keep the revolution going.
400
00:37:12,105 --> 00:37:16,150
If we want revolution,
this is what it looks like.
401
00:37:16,151 --> 00:37:17,443
Don't wait for tomorrow.
402
00:37:17,444 --> 00:37:19,070
Jose, there's more at stake than land.
403
00:37:19,071 --> 00:37:21,656
We have to build a new society.
404
00:37:21,657 --> 00:37:25,118
Not everyone all at once! Wait a moment!
405
00:37:26,203 --> 00:37:29,664
Now's the time to make big changes.
What's our lot?
406
00:37:29,665 --> 00:37:31,749
Misery, hunger, hopelessness.
407
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:36,170
Franco might come back and kill us,
408
00:37:36,171 --> 00:37:40,216
but I say it's worth it
to continue collectivizing
409
00:37:40,217 --> 00:37:42,469
to improve our quality of life.
410
00:37:44,221 --> 00:37:45,347
Let's vote!
411
00:37:45,722 --> 00:37:48,350
All those in favor of collectivization?
412
00:38:02,906 --> 00:38:06,201
31st of July, 1937.
413
00:38:06,868 --> 00:38:10,497
Dear Rayner,
thanks so much for your letter.
414
00:38:10,956 --> 00:38:13,833
I was glad to hear from you.
415
00:38:13,834 --> 00:38:17,796
We had an interesting
but thoroughly bloody time in Spain.
416
00:38:18,797 --> 00:38:21,882
Of course, I would never
have allowed Eileen to come
417
00:38:21,883 --> 00:38:24,385
nor probably gone myself
418
00:38:24,386 --> 00:38:27,096
{\an8}if I had foreseen
the political developments.
419
00:38:27,097 --> 00:38:30,516
{\an8}Especially the suppression
of the POUM,
420
00:38:30,517 --> 00:38:32,476
{\an8}the party in whose militia
421
00:38:32,477 --> 00:38:33,895
{\an8}I was serving.
422
00:38:40,569 --> 00:38:42,611
It was a queer business.
423
00:38:42,612 --> 00:38:46,449
{\an8}We started off by being heroic defenders
of democracy
424
00:38:46,450 --> 00:38:49,326
{\an8}and ended by slipping over the border
425
00:38:49,327 --> 00:38:51,496
{\an8}with the police panting on our heels.
426
00:38:52,497 --> 00:38:55,124
But though we ourselves
got out all right,
427
00:38:55,125 --> 00:38:58,961
nearly all our friends
and acquaintances are in jail
428
00:38:58,962 --> 00:39:01,630
and likely to be there indefinitely
429
00:39:01,631 --> 00:39:04,175
not actually charged with anything,
430
00:39:04,176 --> 00:39:06,928
but suspected of Trotskyism.
431
00:39:07,846 --> 00:39:12,142
{\an8}What I saw in Spain
has given me a horror of politics.
432
00:39:14,936 --> 00:39:16,937
{\an8}But what impressed me then
433
00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:19,024
and has impressed me ever since
434
00:39:19,775 --> 00:39:23,027
{\an8}is that atrocities are believed in
or disbelieved in
435
00:39:23,028 --> 00:39:25,781
{\an8}solely on grounds
of political predilection.
436
00:39:28,283 --> 00:39:31,535
{\an8}Everyone believes
in the atrocities of the enemy
437
00:39:31,536 --> 00:39:34,705
{\an8}and disbelieves
in those of his own side
438
00:39:34,706 --> 00:39:38,417
without ever bothering
to examine the evidence.
439
00:39:48,470 --> 00:39:54,266
Every line of serious work
that I have written since 1936
440
00:39:54,267 --> 00:39:57,436
has been written directly
or indirectly
441
00:39:57,437 --> 00:39:59,730
against totalitarianism
442
00:39:59,731 --> 00:40:02,901
and for democratic socialism
as I understand it.
443
00:40:03,985 --> 00:40:06,070
Revolution!
444
00:40:07,781 --> 00:40:11,617
Animal Farm
was the first book in which I tried,
445
00:40:11,618 --> 00:40:14,245
with full consciousness
of what I was doing,
446
00:40:14,246 --> 00:40:18,040
to fuse political purpose
and artistic purpose
447
00:40:18,041 --> 00:40:20,417
into one whole.
448
00:40:20,418 --> 00:40:22,629
- Read it to me.
- Hm.
449
00:40:23,046 --> 00:40:25,590
"All animals are equal
450
00:40:26,591 --> 00:40:30,177
but some animals
are more equal than others."
451
00:40:30,178 --> 00:40:32,179
More equal than others?
452
00:40:32,180 --> 00:40:35,516
# Praise to him
The font of all our wisdom #
453
00:40:35,517 --> 00:40:38,186
# Long to live the ruler of our farm #
454
00:40:38,645 --> 00:40:41,772
# Napoleon, mighty leader #
455
00:40:41,773 --> 00:40:44,568
# Mighty leader watching over us #
456
00:40:45,485 --> 00:40:48,237
# Napoleon, mighty leader #
457
00:40:48,238 --> 00:40:50,739
# Mighty leader watching over us #
458
00:40:50,740 --> 00:40:53,492
- # Mighty leader watching over us #
- # Shout, shout, shout out loud #
459
00:40:53,493 --> 00:40:55,286
# Snout, snout, pink and proud #
460
00:40:55,287 --> 00:40:58,706
# Perfect pig
You bless us with your beauty #
461
00:40:58,707 --> 00:41:02,209
# Hallowed hod
How wonderous is your glow #
462
00:41:02,210 --> 00:41:05,254
# Napoleon, mighty leader #
463
00:41:05,255 --> 00:41:08,257
# Mighty leader watching over us #
464
00:41:08,258 --> 00:41:11,719
# Napoleon, mighty leader #
465
00:41:11,720 --> 00:41:14,639
# Mighty leader watching over us #
466
00:41:17,058 --> 00:41:23,314
# Snout, snout, pink and proud
Shout, shout, shout out loud #
467
00:41:23,315 --> 00:41:25,901
# Two legs better, four legs good #
468
00:41:26,318 --> 00:41:29,111
I decree that this farm
will now devote itself
469
00:41:29,112 --> 00:41:31,948
to the making of weapons,
to the building of walls
470
00:41:32,490 --> 00:41:35,284
for the protection of ourselves
and our way of life!
471
00:41:35,285 --> 00:41:37,245
The revolution is over.
472
00:41:38,371 --> 00:41:40,998
All animals are now free!
473
00:42:03,188 --> 00:42:06,691
Take cover at once!
Take cover at once!
474
00:43:15,802 --> 00:43:19,221
Winston tried
to squeeze out some childhood memory
475
00:43:19,222 --> 00:43:23,101
that should tell him whether London
had always been like this.
476
00:43:23,435 --> 00:43:28,147
Were there always these vistas
of rotting 19th-century houses?
477
00:43:28,148 --> 00:43:31,859
Their sides shored up
with baulks of timbers,
478
00:43:31,860 --> 00:43:36,781
their windows pathed with cardboard
and their roofs with corrugated iron,
479
00:43:37,449 --> 00:43:41,578
their crazy garden walls
sagging in all directions,
480
00:43:42,162 --> 00:43:44,246
{\an8}and the bombed sites
481
00:43:44,247 --> 00:43:47,750
{\an8}where the plaster dust
swirled in the air
482
00:43:47,751 --> 00:43:51,795
and the willow-herb
straggled over the heaps of rubble
483
00:43:51,796 --> 00:43:52,963
and the places
484
00:43:52,964 --> 00:43:55,967
{\an8}where the bombs
had cleared a large patch,
485
00:43:56,885 --> 00:44:01,430
{\an8}and there sprung up sordid colonies
of wooden dwellings
486
00:44:01,431 --> 00:44:03,224
like chicken houses.
487
00:44:09,606 --> 00:44:12,775
But it was no use.
He could not remember.
488
00:44:12,776 --> 00:44:15,361
Nothing remained of his childhood
489
00:44:15,362 --> 00:44:18,614
except a series of bright-lit tableaux
490
00:44:18,615 --> 00:44:21,283
occurring against no background
491
00:44:21,284 --> 00:44:23,703
and mostly unintelligible.
492
00:44:24,662 --> 00:44:29,166
# Sing to the sailors
On the floating fortress #
493
00:44:29,167 --> 00:44:33,796
# Sing to the soldiers
On the battlefields #
494
00:44:33,797 --> 00:44:38,258
# Sing to the airmen
In the burning azure #
495
00:44:38,259 --> 00:44:42,346
# Sing to the farmers rising yields #
496
00:44:42,347 --> 00:44:45,891
It is not easy for me
to think of my school days
497
00:44:45,892 --> 00:44:49,311
without seeming to breathe in
a whiff of something cold
498
00:44:49,312 --> 00:44:50,938
and evil-smelling,
499
00:44:50,939 --> 00:44:54,483
a sort of compound of sweaty stockings,
500
00:44:54,484 --> 00:44:56,276
dirty towels,
501
00:44:56,277 --> 00:44:59,113
fecal smells blowing along corridors,
502
00:44:59,114 --> 00:45:02,449
forks with old food between the prongs,
503
00:45:02,450 --> 00:45:04,451
neck-of-mutton stew,
504
00:45:04,452 --> 00:45:06,662
and the banging doors of the lavatories
505
00:45:06,663 --> 00:45:09,790
and the echoing chamber pots
in the dormitories.
506
00:45:26,641 --> 00:45:30,060
By the social standards
that prevailed about me,
507
00:45:30,061 --> 00:45:33,148
I was no good and could not be any good,
508
00:45:34,023 --> 00:45:38,694
but all the different kinds of virtue
seemed to be mysteriously interconnected
509
00:45:38,695 --> 00:45:41,905
and to belong to much the same people.
510
00:45:41,906 --> 00:45:43,700
It was not only money that mattered.
511
00:45:44,659 --> 00:45:48,454
There were also strength, beauty, charm,
512
00:45:48,455 --> 00:45:52,374
athleticism, and something called "guts"
513
00:45:52,375 --> 00:45:54,209
or character,
514
00:45:54,210 --> 00:45:58,840
which in reality meant the power
to impose your will on others.
515
00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:03,427
I did not possess
any of these qualities.
516
00:46:03,428 --> 00:46:06,847
I lived in a world of boys,
gregarious animals
517
00:46:06,848 --> 00:46:10,601
questioning nothing,
accepting the law of the stronger
518
00:46:10,602 --> 00:46:13,312
and avenging their own humiliations
519
00:46:13,313 --> 00:46:16,399
by passing them down
to someone smaller.
520
00:46:17,025 --> 00:46:19,277
Are you suggesting
we negotiate with them?
521
00:46:21,112 --> 00:46:24,991
- No, I, um...
- Or recognize their sovereignty?
522
00:46:25,992 --> 00:46:28,620
I... I would...
523
00:46:29,662 --> 00:46:31,831
Speak! Say what you mean!
524
00:46:32,373 --> 00:46:36,002
I would support the motion
to recognize...
525
00:46:36,544 --> 00:46:39,172
That's not what this is about.
526
00:46:39,506 --> 00:46:42,299
The question is,
are they independent,
527
00:46:42,300 --> 00:46:44,010
yes or no?
528
00:46:44,886 --> 00:46:45,553
Yes.
529
00:46:46,930 --> 00:46:49,057
There are five fingers there.
530
00:46:49,891 --> 00:46:51,935
Do you see five fingers?
531
00:46:53,311 --> 00:46:54,770
Yes.
532
00:48:30,074 --> 00:48:32,452
This is a political age.
533
00:48:32,994 --> 00:48:37,122
War, fascism, concentration camps,
534
00:48:37,123 --> 00:48:40,042
rubber truncheons, atomic bombs
535
00:48:40,043 --> 00:48:42,045
are what we daily think about
536
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:47,007
and therefore to a great extent
what we write about,
537
00:48:47,008 --> 00:48:50,094
even when we do not name them openly.
538
00:48:51,888 --> 00:48:53,305
We cannot help this.
539
00:48:53,306 --> 00:48:55,557
When you are on a sinking ship,
540
00:48:55,558 --> 00:48:57,225
your thoughts
541
00:48:57,226 --> 00:48:59,354
will be about sinking ships.
542
00:49:12,992 --> 00:49:17,205
Barnhill, Isle of Jura, Argyllshire.
543
00:49:18,289 --> 00:49:21,626
22nd of October, 1948.
544
00:49:22,210 --> 00:49:24,878
Dear Fred, I shall finish the book,
545
00:49:24,879 --> 00:49:27,590
Deo Volente, early in November,
546
00:49:28,091 --> 00:49:30,718
and I am rather flinching
from the job of typing it
547
00:49:31,219 --> 00:49:33,929
because it is a very awkward thing
to do in bed
548
00:49:33,930 --> 00:49:36,432
where I still have to spend
half the time.
549
00:49:38,059 --> 00:49:42,062
I can't send it away because it is
an unbelievably bad manuscript
550
00:49:42,063 --> 00:49:46,108
and no one could make head or tail of it
without explanation.
551
00:49:46,109 --> 00:49:50,112
I think it is a good idea,
but the execution would have been better
552
00:49:50,113 --> 00:49:54,117
if I had not written it
under the influence of tuberculosis.
553
00:49:54,784 --> 00:49:57,328
I haven't definitely fixed on the title,
554
00:49:57,954 --> 00:50:02,124
but I am hesitating between 1984
555
00:50:02,125 --> 00:50:05,253
and The Last Man in Europe.
556
00:50:14,762 --> 00:50:18,433
When I was 14 or 15,
I was an odious, little snob,
557
00:50:19,892 --> 00:50:23,271
but no worse than other boys
of my own age and class.
558
00:50:24,313 --> 00:50:27,816
I was very young,
not much more than six,
559
00:50:27,817 --> 00:50:31,404
when I first became aware
of class distinctions.
560
00:50:34,741 --> 00:50:37,243
Ah, I think you look pretty smart.
561
00:50:38,077 --> 00:50:39,746
You look like a gentleman.
562
00:50:41,205 --> 00:50:45,292
I despised anyone
who was not describable as a gentleman,
563
00:50:45,293 --> 00:50:48,086
but I also hated the hoggishly rich,
564
00:50:48,087 --> 00:50:51,173
especially those
who had grown rich too recently.
565
00:50:51,174 --> 00:50:55,010
I look down on him
because I am upper class.
566
00:50:55,011 --> 00:50:58,764
I look up to him
because he is upper class,
567
00:50:58,765 --> 00:51:01,892
but I look down on him
because he is lower class.
568
00:51:03,436 --> 00:51:04,896
I am middle class.
569
00:51:07,732 --> 00:51:09,525
I know my place.
570
00:51:10,568 --> 00:51:13,862
Hence, at the age of 17 or 18,
571
00:51:13,863 --> 00:51:15,614
I was both a snob
572
00:51:15,615 --> 00:51:17,325
and a revolutionary.
573
00:51:18,034 --> 00:51:20,368
I was against all authority
574
00:51:20,369 --> 00:51:23,371
and I loosely described myself
as a socialist,
575
00:51:23,372 --> 00:51:26,750
but I had not much grasp
of what socialism meant
576
00:51:26,751 --> 00:51:30,046
and no notion that the working class
were human beings.
577
00:51:30,713 --> 00:51:33,424
We'll have no pissing in the corners.
578
00:51:34,050 --> 00:51:36,259
Not allowed. Frowned upon.
579
00:51:36,260 --> 00:51:39,179
- It's not very hygienic, is it?
-It's downright filthy.
580
00:51:39,180 --> 00:51:41,389
-May I ask a question?
-Fire away.
581
00:51:41,390 --> 00:51:43,642
What's your views on the ozone layer?
582
00:51:43,643 --> 00:51:45,060
I'll turn a blind eye to it
583
00:51:45,061 --> 00:51:47,355
as long as it doesn't interfere
with the job, anything else?
584
00:51:47,814 --> 00:51:51,316
I knew nothing
about working-class conditions.
585
00:51:51,317 --> 00:51:53,360
I had read the unemployment figures,
586
00:51:53,361 --> 00:51:56,321
but I had no notion
of what they implied.
587
00:51:56,322 --> 00:52:00,408
# I'm a four-loom weaver #
588
00:52:00,409 --> 00:52:04,789
# As many a one knows #
589
00:52:06,207 --> 00:52:11,545
# I've not to eat
And I've worn out me clothes #
590
00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:16,341
# Me clogs are both broken #
591
00:52:16,342 --> 00:52:19,636
Above all,
I did not know the essential fact
592
00:52:19,637 --> 00:52:23,431
that respectable poverty
is always the worst.
593
00:52:23,432 --> 00:52:26,434
The frightful doom
of a decent working man
594
00:52:26,435 --> 00:52:30,522
suddenly thrown on the streets
after a lifetime of steady work,
595
00:52:30,523 --> 00:52:33,900
his agonized struggles
against economic laws
596
00:52:33,901 --> 00:52:35,777
which he does not understand,
597
00:52:35,778 --> 00:52:39,699
the disintegration of families,
the corroding sense of shame,
598
00:52:40,658 --> 00:52:44,202
all this was outside the range
of my experience.
599
00:52:46,372 --> 00:52:51,043
When I thought of poverty, I thought
of it in terms of brute starvation,
600
00:52:51,460 --> 00:52:56,089
therefore my mind turned immediately
to the extreme cases,
601
00:52:56,090 --> 00:52:59,801
the social outcasts, tramps, beggars,
602
00:52:59,802 --> 00:53:02,137
criminals, prostitutes.
603
00:53:02,138 --> 00:53:04,849
These were the lowest of the low
604
00:53:05,600 --> 00:53:09,060
and these were the people
with whom I wanted to get in contact.
605
00:53:15,776 --> 00:53:18,820
What I profoundly wanted at that time
606
00:53:18,821 --> 00:53:23,950
was to find some way of getting out
of the respectable world altogether.
607
00:53:23,951 --> 00:53:26,287
I meditated upon it a great deal.
608
00:53:26,787 --> 00:53:29,831
I even planned parts of it in detail,
609
00:53:29,832 --> 00:53:33,336
how one could sell everything,
give everything away,
610
00:53:34,086 --> 00:53:37,757
change one's name,
and start out with no money
611
00:53:38,382 --> 00:53:40,801
and nothing but the clothes
one stood up in,
612
00:53:42,261 --> 00:53:45,681
but in real life,
nobody ever does that kind of thing.
613
00:53:58,986 --> 00:54:03,406
As Syme had done earlier,
Winston had taken up his spoon
614
00:54:03,407 --> 00:54:05,951
and was dabbling
in the pale-colored gravy
615
00:54:05,952 --> 00:54:08,161
that dribbled across the table,
616
00:54:08,162 --> 00:54:11,874
drawing a long streak of it
out into a pattern.
617
00:54:13,042 --> 00:54:15,210
He meditated resentfully
618
00:54:15,211 --> 00:54:17,588
on the physical texture of life.
619
00:54:22,677 --> 00:54:25,136
- Mister.
- What is it, son?
620
00:54:25,137 --> 00:54:28,098
Can you watch my seat and else
if I got my spoon?
621
00:54:28,099 --> 00:54:30,726
I'll give you my spoon, son.
I'm finished.
622
00:54:46,075 --> 00:54:48,660
You discover
what it is like to be hungry
623
00:54:48,661 --> 00:54:51,621
with bread and margarine in your belly.
624
00:54:51,622 --> 00:54:54,916
You go out
and look into the shop windows.
625
00:54:54,917 --> 00:54:58,294
Everywhere, there is food insulting you
626
00:54:58,295 --> 00:55:00,881
in huge, wasteful piles,
627
00:55:01,549 --> 00:55:03,508
whole dead pigs,
628
00:55:03,509 --> 00:55:05,510
baskets of hot loaves,
629
00:55:05,511 --> 00:55:09,514
great yellow blocks of butter,
strings of sausages...
630
00:55:09,515 --> 00:55:12,225
...mountains of potatoes,
631
00:55:12,226 --> 00:55:15,937
vast gruyere cheese like grindstones.
632
00:55:15,938 --> 00:55:20,735
A sniveling self pity comes over you
at the sight of so much food.
633
00:55:21,277 --> 00:55:26,364
You plan to grab a loaf and run,
swallowing it before they catch you
634
00:55:26,365 --> 00:55:29,326
and you refrain from pure funk.
635
00:55:36,375 --> 00:55:38,293
We're sorry,
636
00:55:38,294 --> 00:55:41,713
but all our customer-service agents
are busy at the moment.
637
00:55:41,714 --> 00:55:43,340
Please hold
and we will answer your call...
638
00:55:47,762 --> 00:55:52,098
You discover the boredom
which is inseparable from poverty,
639
00:55:52,099 --> 00:55:54,435
the times when you have nothing to do
640
00:55:55,144 --> 00:55:58,814
and, being underfed,
can interest yourself in nothing.
641
00:55:59,607 --> 00:56:03,109
For half a day at a time,
you lie on your bed,
642
00:56:03,110 --> 00:56:06,780
feeling like the jeune squelette
in Baudelaire's poem.
643
00:56:06,781 --> 00:56:09,574
Only food could rouse you.
644
00:56:09,575 --> 00:56:13,995
You discover that a man
who's gone even a week on bread
645
00:56:13,996 --> 00:56:17,500
and margarine
is not a man any longer,
646
00:56:18,042 --> 00:56:22,171
only a belly
with a few accessory organs.
647
00:56:22,880 --> 00:56:24,923
The top 1%
648
00:56:24,924 --> 00:56:27,842
that controlled 90% of the wealth
649
00:56:27,843 --> 00:56:32,180
had two major political parties
doing their bidding for them,
650
00:56:32,181 --> 00:56:35,642
and the other 99%
had no political party!
651
00:56:53,577 --> 00:56:56,579
Beggars do not work, it is said,
652
00:56:56,580 --> 00:56:59,125
but then what is work?
653
00:57:00,251 --> 00:57:02,795
A navvy works by swinging a pick.
654
00:57:03,295 --> 00:57:06,714
An accountant works
by adding up figures.
655
00:57:06,715 --> 00:57:09,759
A beggar works by standing out of doors
656
00:57:09,760 --> 00:57:13,096
in all weathers
and getting varicose veins,
657
00:57:13,097 --> 00:57:15,558
chronic bronchitis, etc.
658
00:57:16,267 --> 00:57:19,018
It is a trade like any other,
659
00:57:19,019 --> 00:57:20,980
quite useless, of course,
660
00:57:21,856 --> 00:57:25,526
but then many reputable trades
are quite useless,
661
00:57:26,193 --> 00:57:30,739
and as a social type, a beggar
compares well with scores of others.
662
00:57:31,657 --> 00:57:36,327
He is honest compares with the sellers
of most patent medicines,
663
00:57:36,328 --> 00:57:37,912
{\an8}high-minded
664
00:57:37,913 --> 00:57:41,166
{\an8}compared with a Sunday-newspaper proprietor.
665
00:57:41,167 --> 00:57:44,919
{\an8}A beggar, looked at realistically,
666
00:57:44,920 --> 00:57:46,796
is simply a businessman
667
00:57:46,797 --> 00:57:49,674
getting his living
like other businessmen
668
00:57:49,675 --> 00:57:51,677
in the way that comes to hand.
669
00:57:53,137 --> 00:57:56,431
{\an8}He has not,
more than most modern people,
670
00:57:56,432 --> 00:57:58,225
{\an8}sold his honor.
671
00:57:58,851 --> 00:58:02,520
{\an8}He has merely made the mistake
of choosing a trade
672
00:58:02,521 --> 00:58:05,691
{\an8}at which
it is impossible to grow rich.
673
00:58:30,299 --> 00:58:31,966
# Three #
674
00:58:31,967 --> 00:58:34,385
# Two, one #
675
00:58:34,386 --> 00:58:38,098
The underlying fact was that
the whole position of the moneyed class
676
00:58:38,974 --> 00:58:41,560
had long ceased to be justifiable.
677
00:58:43,687 --> 00:58:45,397
The existence of these people
678
00:58:45,814 --> 00:58:49,068
was by any standard unjustifiable.
679
00:58:49,735 --> 00:58:54,030
They were simply parasites,
less useful to society
680
00:58:54,031 --> 00:58:56,158
than his fleas are to a dog.
681
00:59:06,210 --> 00:59:10,213
The British ruling class
could not admit to themselves
682
00:59:10,214 --> 00:59:11,924
that their usefulness was at an end.
683
00:59:13,259 --> 00:59:17,179
It was not possible for them
to turn themselves into mere bandits
684
00:59:17,596 --> 00:59:19,682
like the American millionaires.
685
00:59:21,058 --> 00:59:23,811
Clearly,
there was only one escape for them:
686
00:59:24,520 --> 00:59:26,146
into stupidity.
687
00:59:29,358 --> 00:59:31,818
The Ministry of Peace
is happy to report
688
00:59:31,819 --> 00:59:35,113
that thanks to the vigilance
of our gallant interceptors,
689
00:59:35,114 --> 00:59:38,408
no Eurasian rocket bomb
was able to reach targets
690
00:59:38,409 --> 00:59:39,868
of any importance.
691
00:59:41,036 --> 00:59:43,288
We continue now
with our regular broadcast.
692
00:59:52,506 --> 00:59:56,175
{\an8}There are parts in southern China
where smart cameras
693
00:59:56,176 --> 00:59:59,137
{\an8}placed around the intersection
will recognize who you are.
694
00:59:59,138 --> 01:00:02,349
{\an8}You could have your face covered
or you could be obscured.
695
01:00:02,808 --> 01:00:05,268
These systems are very,
very smart.
696
01:00:05,269 --> 01:00:07,353
They can recognize you by gait,
697
01:00:07,354 --> 01:00:09,772
by posture, by how you're walking,
698
01:00:09,773 --> 01:00:12,066
and so if you've caused an infraction,
699
01:00:12,067 --> 01:00:15,987
your face gets thrown up on
a digital billboard at that intersection
700
01:00:15,988 --> 01:00:18,656
along with your name
and where you work,
701
01:00:18,657 --> 01:00:21,534
and information is transmitted
to your employers
702
01:00:21,535 --> 01:00:23,203
and to your family members.
703
01:00:25,414 --> 01:00:29,710
Peace and stability
is the number-one priority
704
01:00:30,085 --> 01:00:31,919
so that all can lead a good life.
705
01:00:31,920 --> 01:00:35,590
After that, we can address issues
of human rights.
706
01:00:50,105 --> 01:00:52,690
Some people,
before they commit murder,
707
01:00:52,691 --> 01:00:55,444
show a proclivity
708
01:00:55,778 --> 01:00:58,738
for doing so.
709
01:00:58,739 --> 01:01:02,408
Should we wait for them
to commit the act?
710
01:01:02,409 --> 01:01:05,996
Or should we prevent it
711
01:01:06,538 --> 01:01:08,873
from happening?
712
01:01:13,170 --> 01:01:16,422
Much of the technology
that threatens our freedom
713
01:01:16,423 --> 01:01:18,841
and our dignity
in the near-term future
714
01:01:18,842 --> 01:01:22,429
is being developed by companies
in the business of capturing
715
01:01:23,222 --> 01:01:25,182
and selling our data and our attention
716
01:01:25,766 --> 01:01:27,643
to advertisers and others.
717
01:01:28,018 --> 01:01:29,228
Smith,
718
01:01:30,145 --> 01:01:31,312
outer-party members
719
01:01:31,313 --> 01:01:33,816
have to wear their identification badges
in the evening.
720
01:01:41,907 --> 01:01:43,784
Don't forget again!
721
01:01:45,077 --> 01:01:48,955
If the people in power
are using these algorithms
722
01:01:48,956 --> 01:01:52,000
to quietly watch us,
723
01:01:52,418 --> 01:01:54,877
to judge us and to nudge us,
724
01:01:54,878 --> 01:01:58,881
to predict and identify
the troublemakers and the rebels,
725
01:01:58,882 --> 01:02:03,845
{\an8}the authoritarianism
will envelop us like a spider's web,
726
01:02:03,846 --> 01:02:06,597
{\an8}and we may not even know
we're in it.
727
01:02:08,767 --> 01:02:12,478
The surveillance capitalists
have tried to get us to believe
728
01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:17,150
that their practices
are the inevitable outgrowth
729
01:02:17,151 --> 01:02:18,694
of digital technologies.
730
01:02:19,111 --> 01:02:22,823
So, that's why I believe
that the future is private.
731
01:02:24,491 --> 01:02:28,161
This is the next chapter
for our services.
732
01:02:28,162 --> 01:02:29,830
What do you prefer?
733
01:02:30,873 --> 01:02:34,792
Being safer when you wake up
in the morning and go to the street
734
01:02:34,793 --> 01:02:39,423
or not being, you know,
analyzed by AI systems?
735
01:02:40,132 --> 01:02:41,174
I wanna be safer.
736
01:02:41,175 --> 01:02:43,718
- # What do you prefer? #
-What do you prefer?
737
01:02:43,719 --> 01:02:46,846
- # Safer when you stir? #
-What do you prefer?
738
01:02:46,847 --> 01:02:49,056
# Or not be scared by AI? #
739
01:02:49,057 --> 01:02:52,518
# Tell me no lies, I want to be safer #
740
01:02:52,519 --> 01:02:55,564
I wanna be safer. Safer.
741
01:02:57,983 --> 01:02:59,692
# I want to be safer #
742
01:02:59,693 --> 01:03:02,528
Surveillance is OK
if you don't mind.
743
01:03:02,529 --> 01:03:05,281
I want to be...
I want to surveil.
744
01:03:05,282 --> 01:03:08,826
I want surveillance of these people
that are coming in.
745
01:03:08,827 --> 01:03:12,372
The Trojan horse,
I wanna know who the hell they are.
746
01:03:22,591 --> 01:03:25,510
You don't have
to have done anything wrong.
747
01:03:25,511 --> 01:03:28,596
You simply have to eventually fall
under suspicion from somebody,
748
01:03:28,597 --> 01:03:30,556
even by a wrong call,
749
01:03:30,557 --> 01:03:33,559
and then they can use the system
to go back in time
750
01:03:33,560 --> 01:03:36,312
and scrutinize every decision
you've ever made,
751
01:03:36,313 --> 01:03:39,065
every friend
you've ever discussed something with
752
01:03:39,066 --> 01:03:41,859
and attack you on that basis
753
01:03:41,860 --> 01:03:45,696
to sort of derive suspicion
from an innocent life
754
01:03:45,697 --> 01:03:48,866
and paint anyone
in the context of a wrongdoer.
755
01:03:56,375 --> 01:03:58,918
It should be that when we make things
more productive,
756
01:03:58,919 --> 01:04:02,213
when we greatly increase productivity,
it helps everybody,
757
01:04:02,214 --> 01:04:04,508
but there's the worry
that it might just help the rich.
758
01:04:06,260 --> 01:04:08,678
The new, model-three generative android
759
01:04:08,679 --> 01:04:11,472
from Funky
is a fully autonomous humanoid robot
760
01:04:11,473 --> 01:04:14,308
with features never before seen
in the consumer market.
761
01:04:14,309 --> 01:04:18,187
We are increasingly trapped
in a world of no escape
762
01:04:18,188 --> 01:04:22,024
and even if we want to make a choice,
we can't.
763
01:04:24,653 --> 01:04:27,613
It would probably not be
beyond human ingenuity
764
01:04:27,614 --> 01:04:29,991
to write books by machinery,
765
01:04:29,992 --> 01:04:33,536
but a sort of mechanizing process
can already be seen at work
766
01:04:33,537 --> 01:04:37,957
in the film and radio,
in publicity and propaganda,
767
01:04:37,958 --> 01:04:40,752
and in the lower reaches of journalism.
768
01:04:41,461 --> 01:04:45,673
Even so, what they write
is merely a kind of raw material
769
01:04:45,674 --> 01:04:49,260
to be chopped into shape
by producers and censors.
770
01:04:49,261 --> 01:04:53,055
Books would be planned
in their broad lines by bureaucrats
771
01:04:53,056 --> 01:04:55,851
and would pass through so many hands
that when finished,
772
01:04:56,643 --> 01:04:59,145
they would be no more
an individual product
773
01:04:59,146 --> 01:05:02,649
than a Ford car
at the end of the assembly line.
774
01:05:03,275 --> 01:05:08,071
It goes without saying that anything
so produced would be rubbish.
775
01:05:08,447 --> 01:05:11,365
At present,
we know only that the imagination,
776
01:05:11,366 --> 01:05:13,618
like certain wild animals,
777
01:05:13,619 --> 01:05:16,871
will not breed in captivity.
778
01:05:19,791 --> 01:05:22,835
{\an8}Every hour of the day,
the voice of London goes around...
779
01:05:22,836 --> 01:05:26,088
{\an8}
Second of December, 1942,
780
01:05:26,089 --> 01:05:27,965
{\an8}Dear George Woodcock,
781
01:05:27,966 --> 01:05:32,553
As to the ethics of broadcasting
and in general letting oneself be used
782
01:05:32,554 --> 01:05:34,889
by the British governing class,
783
01:05:34,890 --> 01:05:37,725
it's of little value to argue about it,
784
01:05:37,726 --> 01:05:42,063
but for heaven's sake don't think
that I don't see how they are using me.
785
01:05:42,064 --> 01:05:45,025
I doubt whether I shall stay
in this job very much longer,
786
01:05:45,609 --> 01:05:46,901
but while here,
787
01:05:46,902 --> 01:05:51,113
I consider I have kept our propaganda
slightly less disgusting
788
01:05:51,114 --> 01:05:53,533
than it might otherwise have been.
789
01:06:03,752 --> 01:06:08,297
The Tribune,
222 London Western Central 2,
790
01:06:08,298 --> 01:06:11,218
14th of July, 1944,
791
01:06:12,094 --> 01:06:15,639
Dear John Murry,
I am smothered under work,
792
01:06:16,139 --> 01:06:18,557
and also I've been bombed out
793
01:06:18,558 --> 01:06:21,519
and we have a very young baby
we've adopted,
794
01:06:21,520 --> 01:06:23,312
a three-week-old boy
795
01:06:23,313 --> 01:06:27,150
who Eileen and I christened
Richard Horatio Blair,
796
01:06:27,859 --> 01:06:30,570
all of which adds to one's work.
797
01:06:31,279 --> 01:06:33,572
Life is pretty full now.
798
01:06:33,573 --> 01:06:37,159
What a wonderful thing
to have a kid of one's own.
799
01:06:37,160 --> 01:06:39,162
I've always wanted one so.
800
01:06:41,665 --> 01:06:45,209
The Pacific service
from London is sending you all greetings
801
01:06:45,210 --> 01:06:48,003
and wishing the best of luck
to those of you listening
802
01:06:48,004 --> 01:06:51,549
who are serving
in our armed forces on sea,
803
01:06:51,550 --> 01:06:54,885
land or in the air
and in the merchant navy...
804
01:06:54,886 --> 01:06:59,015
BBC, 24th of September, 1943,
805
01:06:59,599 --> 01:07:01,809
Dear Mr. Rushbrook-Williams,
806
01:07:01,810 --> 01:07:05,312
In confirmation of what I said to you
earlier in private,
807
01:07:05,313 --> 01:07:08,316
I want to tender my resignation
from the BBC.
808
01:07:09,484 --> 01:07:13,612
I am not leaving because of
any disagreement with BBC policy.
809
01:07:13,613 --> 01:07:18,451
On the contrary, I feel that I have been
treated with the greatest generosity
810
01:07:18,452 --> 01:07:20,954
and allowed very great latitude.
811
01:07:21,455 --> 01:07:25,124
I am tendering my resignation
because for some time past
812
01:07:25,125 --> 01:07:28,461
I have been conscious
that I was wasting my own time
813
01:07:28,462 --> 01:07:30,297
and the public money.
814
01:07:30,839 --> 01:07:33,257
I feel that by going back
to my normal work
815
01:07:33,258 --> 01:07:36,594
of writing and journalism
I could be more useful
816
01:07:36,595 --> 01:07:38,096
than I am at present.
817
01:07:55,071 --> 01:07:58,073
Hotel Scribe, Rue Scribe,
818
01:07:58,074 --> 01:08:02,037
Paris 9th, 13th of April, 1945.
819
01:08:02,871 --> 01:08:04,538
Dear Tony,
820
01:08:04,539 --> 01:08:07,249
I don't know whether you will have heard
from some other source
821
01:08:07,250 --> 01:08:09,210
about what has happened.
822
01:08:09,211 --> 01:08:10,921
Eileen is dead.
823
01:08:11,505 --> 01:08:14,173
It was a most horrible thing to happen
824
01:08:14,174 --> 01:08:16,926
because she had had
five really miserable years
825
01:08:16,927 --> 01:08:19,094
of bad health and overwork,
826
01:08:19,095 --> 01:08:21,931
and things were just beginning
to get better,
827
01:08:21,932 --> 01:08:24,183
but it was terribly sad
that she should die
828
01:08:24,184 --> 01:08:26,019
when she had become
so devoted to Richard
829
01:08:27,187 --> 01:08:30,356
and was making such a good job
of his upbringing.
830
01:08:30,357 --> 01:08:33,526
Richard, I am glad to say,
is very well
831
01:08:33,527 --> 01:08:35,987
and for the moment is provided for.
832
01:10:11,499 --> 01:10:13,043
Look at this.
833
01:10:17,213 --> 01:10:18,547
It's a dream.
834
01:10:18,548 --> 01:10:21,801
But for a moment,
he did not look at her body.
835
01:10:22,302 --> 01:10:24,762
His eyes were anchored
by the freckled face
836
01:10:24,763 --> 01:10:27,140
with its faint, bold smile.
837
01:10:27,724 --> 01:10:31,936
He knelt down before her
and took her hands in his.
838
01:10:31,937 --> 01:10:34,606
Have you done this before?
839
01:10:34,981 --> 01:10:36,149
Of course!
840
01:10:37,192 --> 01:10:38,818
Hundreds of times.
841
01:10:40,528 --> 01:10:42,489
-With party members?
- Yes.
842
01:10:43,156 --> 01:10:44,616
Inner-party members?
843
01:10:45,033 --> 01:10:48,370
Not with those bastards,
though there's plenty who would.
844
01:10:49,037 --> 01:10:50,664
His heart leapt.
845
01:10:58,797 --> 01:11:00,881
"In the old days, he thought,
846
01:11:00,882 --> 01:11:03,300
"a man looked at a girl's body
847
01:11:03,301 --> 01:11:05,427
and saw that it was desirable,
848
01:11:05,428 --> 01:11:07,389
and that was the end of the story,
849
01:11:08,056 --> 01:11:10,182
but you could not have pure love
850
01:11:10,183 --> 01:11:12,018
or pure lust nowadays.
851
01:11:13,186 --> 01:11:15,312
No emotion was pure
852
01:11:15,313 --> 01:11:19,067
because everything was mixed up
with fear and hatred.
853
01:11:19,567 --> 01:11:22,236
Their embrace had been a battle,
854
01:11:22,237 --> 01:11:24,864
the climax a victory.
855
01:11:25,240 --> 01:11:28,034
It was a blow struck against the party.
856
01:11:28,910 --> 01:11:31,078
It was a political act."
857
01:11:39,170 --> 01:11:43,883
In the past, at any rate,
throughout the Protestant centuries,
858
01:11:44,384 --> 01:11:45,884
the idea of rebellion
859
01:11:45,885 --> 01:11:49,514
and the idea of intellectual integrity
were mixed up.
860
01:11:51,016 --> 01:11:54,144
A heretic, political, moral, religious,
861
01:11:54,561 --> 01:11:57,438
or esthetic was one who refused
862
01:11:57,439 --> 01:11:59,733
to outrage his own conscience.
863
01:12:00,567 --> 01:12:04,487
His outlook was summed up
in the words of the revivalist hymn,
864
01:12:04,863 --> 01:12:08,450
"Dare to be a Daniel,
Dare to stand alone
865
01:12:08,950 --> 01:12:10,618
Dare to have a purpose firm
866
01:12:11,411 --> 01:12:13,079
Dare to make it known."
867
01:12:14,372 --> 01:12:18,959
To bring this hymn up to date,
one would have to add a don't
868
01:12:18,960 --> 01:12:21,463
at the beginning of each line.
869
01:12:22,088 --> 01:12:25,632
I'm very averse
870
01:12:25,633 --> 01:12:28,761
to didacticism
in political literature,
871
01:12:28,762 --> 01:12:32,390
so I'd long had a knee-jerk revulsion
872
01:12:33,183 --> 01:12:34,309
against Orwell.
873
01:12:34,768 --> 01:12:36,895
That was short-sighted of me
874
01:12:37,353 --> 01:12:40,106
because later...
875
01:12:41,441 --> 01:12:45,987
when I got to know Orwell
through his essays,
876
01:12:47,655 --> 01:12:50,992
I appreciated
his extraordinary perceptiveness.
877
01:12:51,826 --> 01:12:54,870
Ultimately,
it was his horror of politics
878
01:12:54,871 --> 01:12:58,708
that led him
to hate these totalitarian regimes,
879
01:12:59,042 --> 01:13:02,878
which politicize everything,
880
01:13:02,879 --> 01:13:08,009
and because he hated politics,
he combated those regimes
881
01:13:10,804 --> 01:13:15,974
as directly and powerfully as possible,
i.e. by writing a novel.
882
01:13:23,566 --> 01:13:27,319
Daring to stand alone
is ideologically criminal
883
01:13:27,320 --> 01:13:29,864
as well as practically dangerous.
884
01:13:30,782 --> 01:13:32,908
The idea of intellectual liberty
885
01:13:32,909 --> 01:13:35,703
is under attack from two directions.
886
01:13:37,330 --> 01:13:40,666
On the one side
are its theoretical enemies,
887
01:13:40,667 --> 01:13:42,751
{\an8}the apologists of totalitarianism...
888
01:13:42,752 --> 01:13:45,337
{\an8}
889
01:13:45,338 --> 01:13:48,299
{\an8}Many reporters were kidnapped.
890
01:14:00,562 --> 01:14:02,105
OK, journalists have to go!
891
01:14:02,397 --> 01:14:05,775
{\an8}
Sonia Dahmani has just been abducted!
892
01:14:07,402 --> 01:14:09,904
{\an8}She was taken away by an anonymous group.
893
01:14:10,446 --> 01:14:12,198
{\an8}Were they police?
894
01:14:15,243 --> 01:14:17,619
{\an8}Jamal Khashoggi
was a Saudi journalist
895
01:14:17,620 --> 01:14:20,998
{\an8}and an outspoken critic
of his country's government.
896
01:14:20,999 --> 01:14:25,587
{\an8}CNN can now confirm
Jamal Khashoggi's last words,
897
01:14:26,045 --> 01:14:28,797
{\an8}"I can't breathe. I can't breathe."
898
01:14:28,798 --> 01:14:32,676
{\an8}The transcript records many voices
and noises,
899
01:14:32,677 --> 01:14:35,138
{\an8}then says, "Scream from Jamal."
900
01:14:35,555 --> 01:14:39,391
{\an8}Again, "Scream," then "Gasping."
901
01:14:39,392 --> 01:14:43,061
{\an8}Noises are identified as "saw"
902
01:14:43,062 --> 01:14:44,397
{\an8}and "cutting."
903
01:14:44,939 --> 01:14:46,566
{\an8}
904
01:15:03,458 --> 01:15:06,753
And on the other,
its immediate, practical enemies
905
01:15:07,670 --> 01:15:10,672
monopoly and bureaucracy,
906
01:15:10,673 --> 01:15:14,677
which are actively interested
in maintaining the status quo
907
01:15:15,094 --> 01:15:18,680
and therefore
in preventing the common man
908
01:15:18,681 --> 01:15:20,683
from becoming too intelligent.
909
01:15:42,789 --> 01:15:46,250
The independence
of the writer and the artist
910
01:15:46,251 --> 01:15:50,087
is eaten away
by vague economic forces
911
01:15:50,088 --> 01:15:52,673
and at the same time
it is undermined
912
01:15:52,674 --> 01:15:55,343
by those
who should be its defenders.
913
01:16:14,946 --> 01:16:17,614
We falsely think of our country
914
01:16:17,615 --> 01:16:18,824
{\an8}as a democracy
915
01:16:18,825 --> 01:16:22,120
{\an8}when it has evolved
into a media-ocracy
916
01:16:22,704 --> 01:16:26,039
{\an8}where a media that is supposed
to check political abuse
917
01:16:26,040 --> 01:16:28,126
{\an8}is part of political abuse.
918
01:16:46,352 --> 01:16:48,395
{\an8}This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.
919
01:16:48,396 --> 01:16:53,066
This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.
920
01:16:53,067 --> 01:16:55,402
{\an8}This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.
921
01:16:55,403 --> 01:16:58,031
This is extremely dangerous
to our democracy.
922
01:16:59,032 --> 01:17:03,201
Political writing in our time
consists almost entirely
923
01:17:03,202 --> 01:17:05,620
of prefabricated phrases
924
01:17:05,621 --> 01:17:08,040
bolted together like the pieces
925
01:17:08,041 --> 01:17:09,708
of a child's mechano set.
926
01:17:09,709 --> 01:17:11,209
This is extremely dangerous.
927
01:17:11,210 --> 01:17:14,046
{\an8}This is extremely dangerous.
928
01:17:14,047 --> 01:17:15,714
- Dangerous.
- Democracy.
929
01:17:15,715 --> 01:17:18,008
{\an8}We live in the greatest country.
930
01:17:18,009 --> 01:17:19,968
{\an8}The greatest nation
in the history of mankind.
931
01:17:19,969 --> 01:17:21,887
{\an8}The strongest, freest, greatest country.
932
01:17:21,888 --> 01:17:23,388
{\an8}The greatest healthcare.
933
01:17:23,389 --> 01:17:25,974
{\an8}The greatest universities,
the greatest schools.
934
01:17:25,975 --> 01:17:28,393
{\an8}The greatest rise
of freedom and opportunity.
935
01:17:28,394 --> 01:17:30,896
{\an8}The single greatest nation
in the history of all mankind.
936
01:17:30,897 --> 01:17:32,564
{\an8}The greatest country ever.
937
01:17:32,565 --> 01:17:35,442
{\an8}If we're gonna talk about
the elite-medias debate,
938
01:17:35,443 --> 01:17:38,862
{\an8}then it is still controlled
by the corporate owners
939
01:17:38,863 --> 01:17:42,407
{\an8}and the corporate sponsors,
who after all provide the revenue
940
01:17:42,408 --> 01:17:45,702
{\an8}to keep those machines going,
to keep those TV shows on the air
941
01:17:45,703 --> 01:17:47,704
{\an8}and those radio shows
and those papers.
942
01:17:47,705 --> 01:17:49,957
It's a machine
943
01:17:50,416 --> 01:17:53,168
that no one can escape from.
944
01:17:53,169 --> 01:17:57,589
TV hosts
are in the celebrity news columns,
945
01:17:57,590 --> 01:18:00,885
we know their love lives,
they look the part,
946
01:18:01,177 --> 01:18:03,136
they seem like upstanding people,
947
01:18:03,137 --> 01:18:04,639
but they're puppets.
948
01:18:05,807 --> 01:18:08,975
The broadcaster
who chooses what to air
949
01:18:08,976 --> 01:18:10,269
is a puppet.
950
01:18:10,812 --> 01:18:12,312
What do I mean by puppets?
951
01:18:12,313 --> 01:18:14,899
I mean people subject to forces
952
01:18:15,566 --> 01:18:17,235
completely beyond their control.
953
01:18:19,570 --> 01:18:24,449
The journalist is unfree
and is conscious of unfreedom
954
01:18:24,450 --> 01:18:26,785
when he forced to write lies
955
01:18:26,786 --> 01:18:30,872
or suppress what seems to him
important news.
956
01:18:30,873 --> 01:18:32,500
What have you got there, Smith?
957
01:18:36,295 --> 01:18:39,089
This photograph was between the pages
of the gazette.
958
01:18:39,090 --> 01:18:41,716
- What photograph?
- Jones and Rutherford.
959
01:18:41,717 --> 01:18:45,178
They confessed to aiding the underground
and being in Eurasia during Hate Week.
960
01:18:45,179 --> 01:18:47,764
- But here it says...
- What are you talking about, Smith?
961
01:18:47,765 --> 01:18:49,642
I don't see any photograph.
962
01:18:58,651 --> 01:19:01,278
I think it's very difficult to avoid
963
01:19:01,279 --> 01:19:05,949
going to that pre-prepared thing
that's got a quote in it,
964
01:19:05,950 --> 01:19:09,119
that's got a name in it,
that's got background information in it.
965
01:19:09,120 --> 01:19:13,290
It's fed to you to make easy for you
to tell it that way.
966
01:19:13,291 --> 01:19:16,710
So, what we really require
is something countervailing,
967
01:19:16,711 --> 01:19:21,089
something on the other side
to dig out just that information
968
01:19:21,090 --> 01:19:23,383
that that powerful entity,
that might be the state
969
01:19:23,384 --> 01:19:25,343
or might be a private corporation
970
01:19:25,344 --> 01:19:27,304
that they don't want you to hear.
971
01:19:27,305 --> 01:19:30,891
We start with that search,
the race to save five people
972
01:19:30,892 --> 01:19:32,976
who are onboard a submersible.
973
01:19:34,729 --> 01:19:37,898
{\an8}On board is believed to be
the British billionaire, Hamish...
974
01:19:37,899 --> 01:19:40,817
{\an8}Everything in our age
conspires to turn the writer
975
01:19:40,818 --> 01:19:43,320
{\an8}and every other kind of artist as well
976
01:19:43,321 --> 01:19:47,365
{\an8}into a minor official
working on themes
977
01:19:47,366 --> 01:19:49,075
{\an8}handed down from above
978
01:19:49,076 --> 01:19:53,288
{\an8}and never telling what seems to him
the whole of the truth.
979
01:20:18,689 --> 01:20:22,567
What the media does
is trivialize what goes on
980
01:20:22,568 --> 01:20:25,070
sensationalizes it,
makes it entertainment,
981
01:20:25,071 --> 01:20:29,115
rather than saying, "Look, the function
of the media is to educate you
982
01:20:29,116 --> 01:20:31,911
to live in a democracy,
which is pretty serious stuff."
983
01:20:37,667 --> 01:20:41,211
{\an8}There are 741 no-go zones
throughout France and they're located
984
01:20:41,212 --> 01:20:43,505
{\an8}in the ghettos
that are called les banlieues.
985
01:20:43,506 --> 01:20:46,967
{\an8}I've been Afghanistan, Iraq,
and Kashmir, India,
986
01:20:46,968 --> 01:20:48,927
{\an8}and at times it felt like, like that.
987
01:20:48,928 --> 01:20:52,347
{\an8}They speak shamelessly on issues
they know nothing about.
988
01:20:52,348 --> 01:20:55,183
{\an8}- Fran�ois Macron...
- Emmanuel.
989
01:20:55,184 --> 01:20:57,852
{\an8}Emmanuel, Fran�ois,
it seems like every French person
990
01:20:57,853 --> 01:20:59,312
{\an8}I think their name is Fran�ois.
991
01:20:59,313 --> 01:21:01,273
- Who knows?
- Maybe he'll change his name. Fran�ois.
992
01:21:02,525 --> 01:21:05,694
To write in plain, vigorous language,
993
01:21:05,695 --> 01:21:07,946
one has to think fearlessly,
994
01:21:07,947 --> 01:21:10,073
and if one thinks fearlessly,
995
01:21:10,074 --> 01:21:12,325
one cannot be politically orthodox.
996
01:21:12,326 --> 01:21:14,494
- It was you! It was you...
-Good lying.
997
01:21:14,495 --> 01:21:16,955
That privatized a large chunk
of the health service
998
01:21:16,956 --> 01:21:19,291
and you're lying, and you're lying.
999
01:21:19,292 --> 01:21:20,960
{\an8}Please, Mr. Collard!
1000
01:21:21,252 --> 01:21:22,502
{\an8}You're a vile scumbag!
1001
01:21:25,631 --> 01:21:28,217
{\an8}Shut up, dumb ass!
Shut up!
1002
01:21:29,093 --> 01:21:30,719
{\an8}How dare you call me that?
1003
01:21:30,720 --> 01:21:33,179
{\an8}What else can I do
when she's so stupid?
1004
01:21:33,180 --> 01:21:36,099
{\an8}I think your fake lashes
are messing up what you're reading...
1005
01:21:37,310 --> 01:21:39,185
{\an8}We have a situation in which
1006
01:21:39,186 --> 01:21:41,771
a significant percentage
of the population doesn't vote,
1007
01:21:41,772 --> 01:21:44,107
doesn't care about the issues,
1008
01:21:44,108 --> 01:21:47,736
is tuned out entirely,
is what we call depoliticized.
1009
01:21:47,737 --> 01:21:51,364
Uh, in fact we have a rate
of depoliticization in the United States
1010
01:21:51,365 --> 01:21:55,201
that must make a tyrant like in,
you know, Indonesia envious:
1011
01:21:55,202 --> 01:21:57,621
"How can I get one
of these vegged-out populations?"
1012
01:21:57,622 --> 01:22:00,790
I say the fact is I've done more
for the black community
1013
01:22:00,791 --> 01:22:03,293
than any president
since Abraham Lincoln.
1014
01:22:03,294 --> 01:22:05,546
I say it, nobody can dispute it.
1015
01:22:05,963 --> 01:22:08,798
People listen when I speak,
black people,
1016
01:22:08,799 --> 01:22:10,759
# Black #
1017
01:22:10,760 --> 01:22:14,387
Believe me, I've studied it
and I've seen it and it's incredible.
1018
01:22:14,388 --> 01:22:16,556
# Black #
1019
01:22:16,557 --> 01:22:19,809
Black, your physical strength
is unmatched.
1020
01:22:19,810 --> 01:22:21,645
# Black #
1021
01:22:21,646 --> 01:22:24,856
You have this charm, black people,
believe me,
1022
01:22:24,857 --> 01:22:27,609
jazz, soul, Rosa Parks,
1023
01:22:27,610 --> 01:22:30,195
Cassius Clay, legends,
winners, the best!
1024
01:22:30,196 --> 01:22:32,864
And you know what?
Black women...
1025
01:22:32,865 --> 01:22:34,699
# I love black #
1026
01:22:34,700 --> 01:22:37,744
Black women, they make me so hungry.
1027
01:22:37,745 --> 01:22:41,665
People listen when I speak,
hungry for gumbo and cornbread.
1028
01:22:41,666 --> 01:22:43,875
Nobody does it better.
1029
01:22:43,876 --> 01:22:46,962
The mugshot,
we've all seen the mugshot, and...
1030
01:22:47,546 --> 01:22:49,547
And you know who embraced it
more than anybody else?
1031
01:22:49,548 --> 01:22:51,466
The black population, it's incredible.
1032
01:22:51,467 --> 01:22:54,679
You see black people
walking around with my mugshot.
1033
01:22:55,429 --> 01:22:58,682
This kind of thing is frightening to me
1034
01:22:58,683 --> 01:23:01,893
because it often gives me the feeling
that the very concept
1035
01:23:01,894 --> 01:23:05,606
of objective truth
is fading out of this world.
1036
01:23:07,274 --> 01:23:11,361
An atom bomb exploded
in our information ecosystem
1037
01:23:11,362 --> 01:23:14,447
because social media
turned our world upside down
1038
01:23:14,448 --> 01:23:18,493
spreading lies faster than facts
1039
01:23:18,494 --> 01:23:22,122
while amplifying fear and anger,
1040
01:23:22,123 --> 01:23:25,668
fueling hatred by design
1041
01:23:26,127 --> 01:23:27,378
for profit.
1042
01:23:28,170 --> 01:23:30,588
{\an8}Do you affirm the testimony you are
about to give before the committee
1043
01:23:30,589 --> 01:23:32,674
{\an8}will be the truth, the whole truth,
and nothing but the truth,
1044
01:23:32,675 --> 01:23:34,009
{\an8}so help you God?
1045
01:23:35,010 --> 01:23:39,264
{\an8}We very much believe
that this content is disgusting
1046
01:23:39,265 --> 01:23:40,974
{\an8}and that, um...
1047
01:23:40,975 --> 01:23:43,518
{\an8}Senator, that behavior
is disgusting and reprehensible.
1048
01:23:43,519 --> 01:23:47,063
{\an8}We provide in-app reporting tools
so that people who are being harassed
1049
01:23:47,064 --> 01:23:49,566
{\an8}or people who have shared
inappropriate sexual content
1050
01:23:49,567 --> 01:23:52,527
{\an8}can report it in the case
of harassment or sexual content.
1051
01:23:52,528 --> 01:23:55,238
{\an8}You announced recently
that the official policy of Facebook
1052
01:23:55,239 --> 01:23:59,075
{\an8}now allows politicians to pay
to spread disinformation.
1053
01:23:59,076 --> 01:24:02,829
{\an8}Well, could I pay to target
predominantly black zip codes
1054
01:24:02,830 --> 01:24:06,041
{\an8}and advertise them
the incorrect election date?
1055
01:24:06,751 --> 01:24:08,168
{\an8}No, congresswoman,
you couldn't.
1056
01:24:08,169 --> 01:24:12,005
{\an8}We have,
even for these policies
1057
01:24:12,006 --> 01:24:16,050
{\an8}the newsworthiness of content
that politicians say
1058
01:24:16,051 --> 01:24:18,219
and the general principle
that I believe that...
1059
01:24:18,220 --> 01:24:21,389
But you said that you're not
going to fact check my ads.
1060
01:24:21,390 --> 01:24:23,850
We have, if anyone,
1061
01:24:23,851 --> 01:24:26,227
including a politician is saying things
1062
01:24:26,228 --> 01:24:29,314
that can cause,
that is calling for violence,
1063
01:24:29,315 --> 01:24:31,775
or could risk imminent,
physical harm,
1064
01:24:31,776 --> 01:24:34,110
or voter or census suppression
1065
01:24:34,111 --> 01:24:36,321
when we roll out
the census suppression po...
1066
01:24:36,322 --> 01:24:39,073
policy, um,
we will take that content down.
1067
01:24:39,074 --> 01:24:41,826
So, would I be able
to run advertisements
1068
01:24:41,827 --> 01:24:44,287
on Facebook targeting
Republicans in primaries
1069
01:24:44,288 --> 01:24:46,956
saying that they voted
for the Green New Deal?
1070
01:24:46,957 --> 01:24:48,958
I mean, if you're not fact checking
political advertisements,
1071
01:24:48,959 --> 01:24:51,669
I'm just trying
to understand the bounds here.
1072
01:24:51,670 --> 01:24:53,922
- What's fair game.
- Congresswoman, I, uh...
1073
01:24:53,923 --> 01:24:55,590
I don't know the answer to that
off the top of my head.
1074
01:24:55,591 --> 01:24:57,634
I don't know
if I'll be able to do that.
1075
01:24:57,635 --> 01:24:59,969
Can you explain
why you've named the Daily Caller
1076
01:24:59,970 --> 01:25:04,432
a publication well documented
with ties to white supremacists
1077
01:25:04,433 --> 01:25:06,559
as an official fact checker
for Facebook?
1078
01:25:06,560 --> 01:25:09,979
Congresswoman, sure, we actually don't
appoint the independent fact checkers.
1079
01:25:09,980 --> 01:25:12,732
They go through
an independent organization
1080
01:25:12,733 --> 01:25:14,526
called the Independent
Fact Checking Network
1081
01:25:14,527 --> 01:25:16,945
that has a rigorous standard
1082
01:25:16,946 --> 01:25:20,449
for who they allow
to serve as a fact checker.
1083
01:25:20,950 --> 01:25:22,034
So...
1084
01:25:22,701 --> 01:25:27,497
you would say
that white-supremacist-tied publications
1085
01:25:27,498 --> 01:25:30,167
meet a rigorous standard
for fact checking?
1086
01:25:33,462 --> 01:25:35,463
Because of deep fakes,
1087
01:25:35,464 --> 01:25:38,300
you can't trust your eyes and ears.
1088
01:25:38,801 --> 01:25:40,677
Instead of the facts,
1089
01:25:40,678 --> 01:25:45,765
the enshitifacation,
enshitifacation of the Internet,
1090
01:25:45,766 --> 01:25:47,768
is in full bloom.
1091
01:25:48,519 --> 01:25:51,688
More trash, more propaganda,
1092
01:25:51,689 --> 01:25:53,690
more information operations
1093
01:25:53,691 --> 01:25:55,942
that push our emotional buttons.
1094
01:25:55,943 --> 01:25:59,238
We will have to struggle harder
1095
01:25:59,864 --> 01:26:03,741
for agency,
for independent thought,
1096
01:26:03,742 --> 01:26:06,995
and it's not just the tech companies
that abdicated responsibility
1097
01:26:06,996 --> 01:26:08,329
for protecting us.
1098
01:26:08,330 --> 01:26:11,917
It's also democratic governments
like the United States
1099
01:26:12,710 --> 01:26:17,005
Tech is the least-regulated industry
around the world.
1100
01:26:17,006 --> 01:26:20,175
USA! USA!
1101
01:27:18,525 --> 01:27:24,281
Barnhill, Isle of Jura,
Argyllshire, 28th of November, 1948.
1102
01:27:25,616 --> 01:27:28,326
Dear Gwen, all is well here
1103
01:27:28,327 --> 01:27:30,704
and Richard is bursting with energy.
1104
01:27:31,330 --> 01:27:33,539
He goes out fishing
with the others now
1105
01:27:33,540 --> 01:27:35,542
and sometimes catches
quite a lot of fish.
1106
01:27:36,543 --> 01:27:38,712
The weather just lately
has been very nice,
1107
01:27:39,171 --> 01:27:42,590
beautiful, still, sunny days,
and not at all cold,
1108
01:27:42,591 --> 01:27:47,553
but I hardly ever go out of doors
because the smallest exertion upsets me.
1109
01:27:47,554 --> 01:27:50,223
The pig has grown
to a stupendous size
1110
01:27:50,224 --> 01:27:52,392
and goes to the butcher next week.
1111
01:27:52,393 --> 01:27:56,437
We are all longing to get rid of him,
as he is so destructive and greedy,
1112
01:27:56,438 --> 01:27:58,941
even gets into the kitchen sometimes.
1113
01:27:59,900 --> 01:28:02,110
I have finished my book,
1114
01:28:02,111 --> 01:28:05,864
which I'd been messing about with
since some time in 1947.
1115
01:28:06,323 --> 01:28:08,158
Yours, George.
1116
01:28:10,661 --> 01:28:11,953
Death!
1117
01:28:15,207 --> 01:28:20,045
Brothers and sisters,
one week from now
1118
01:28:20,754 --> 01:28:23,464
in this very square,
1119
01:28:23,465 --> 01:28:27,635
we shall, as a demonstration...
1120
01:28:52,161 --> 01:28:56,832
Eurasian prisoners will be passing
through Victory Square!
1121
01:29:00,836 --> 01:29:03,838
These are the evil men
1122
01:29:03,839 --> 01:29:06,424
whose ruthless lust for power...
1123
01:29:53,931 --> 01:29:55,848
Let me have the fight!
1124
01:29:55,849 --> 01:29:57,725
This is no place for the undecided!
1125
01:29:57,726 --> 01:29:59,603
We grab the bull by the horns!
1126
01:30:24,586 --> 01:30:26,254
They say it's scandalous
1127
01:30:26,255 --> 01:30:30,509
to defend the natural family
founded on marriage.
1128
01:30:30,926 --> 01:30:34,887
{\an8}The mother is a woman,
the father is a man...
1129
01:30:34,888 --> 01:30:38,517
{\an8}I just want
to see Western civilization thrive.
1130
01:30:38,809 --> 01:30:42,228
Who cares about discrimination
when there's genocide
1131
01:30:42,229 --> 01:30:45,481
against Christians taking place
1132
01:30:45,482 --> 01:30:48,067
throughout the world?
1133
01:30:57,119 --> 01:30:59,746
April 4th, 1984.
1134
01:31:00,330 --> 01:31:03,375
Last night to the flicks, all war films.
1135
01:31:04,001 --> 01:31:06,919
One a very good one of a ship
1136
01:31:06,920 --> 01:31:10,924
full of refugees being bombed
somewhere in the Mediterranean.
1137
01:31:11,800 --> 01:31:16,012
Audience much amused by shots
of a great, huge, fat man
1138
01:31:16,013 --> 01:31:19,223
trying a swim away
with a helicopter after him.
1139
01:31:21,018 --> 01:31:24,562
Then you saw a lifeboat full of children
1140
01:31:24,563 --> 01:31:27,316
with a helicopter hovering over it.
1141
01:31:27,774 --> 01:31:31,319
There was a middle-aged woman,
might have been a Jewess,
1142
01:31:31,320 --> 01:31:33,906
sitting up in the bow
with a little boy
1143
01:31:34,865 --> 01:31:37,992
above three years old in her arms.
1144
01:31:37,993 --> 01:31:42,455
Then the helicopter planted
a 20-kilo bomb
1145
01:31:42,456 --> 01:31:43,624
in among them.
1146
01:31:44,124 --> 01:31:48,086
Terrific flash
and the boat went all to matchwood.
1147
01:31:51,256 --> 01:31:54,217
Then there was a wonderful shot
of a child's arm
1148
01:31:54,218 --> 01:31:57,303
going up, up, up,
1149
01:31:57,304 --> 01:31:59,472
right up into the air.
1150
01:31:59,473 --> 01:32:03,644
A helicopter with a camera in its nose
must have followed it up.
1151
01:32:04,186 --> 01:32:07,439
There was a lot of applause
from the party seats.
1152
01:32:09,441 --> 01:32:11,568
Winston stops writing
1153
01:32:12,319 --> 01:32:14,905
partly because he was suffering
from cramp.
1154
01:32:24,331 --> 01:32:28,126
Oh, what a piece of work
is the pursuit of truth.
1155
01:32:31,588 --> 01:32:34,049
Don't be a writer, Richard,
whatever you do.
1156
01:32:35,676 --> 01:32:37,177
Be a farmer.
1157
01:32:39,179 --> 01:32:40,764
And grow things.
1158
01:32:41,640 --> 01:32:42,975
Keep goats.
1159
01:32:48,397 --> 01:32:51,107
Our civilization is decadent
1160
01:32:51,108 --> 01:32:54,485
and our language,
so the argument runs,
1161
01:32:54,486 --> 01:32:58,073
must inevitably share
in the general collapse.
1162
01:32:59,199 --> 01:33:02,660
The words, democracy, socialism,
1163
01:33:02,661 --> 01:33:04,578
freedom, patriotic,
1164
01:33:04,579 --> 01:33:07,916
{\an8}realistic, justice,
1165
01:33:08,333 --> 01:33:11,502
{\an8}have each of them
several different meanings
1166
01:33:11,503 --> 01:33:14,297
which cannot be reconciled
with one another.
1167
01:33:14,298 --> 01:33:17,426
We can't accept injustice!
1168
01:33:17,759 --> 01:33:20,678
We love freedom!
1169
01:33:20,679 --> 01:33:22,388
And first of all...
1170
01:33:22,389 --> 01:33:25,016
But if thought corrupts language,
1171
01:33:25,017 --> 01:33:28,019
language can also corrupt thought.
1172
01:33:28,020 --> 01:33:30,062
And here's the truth,
1173
01:33:30,063 --> 01:33:32,149
Israel seeks peace.
1174
01:33:32,816 --> 01:33:34,776
Israel yearns for peace.
1175
01:33:35,235 --> 01:33:39,322
Israel has made peace
and will make peace again.
1176
01:34:50,394 --> 01:34:54,648
Political language is designed
to make lies sound truthful
1177
01:34:55,023 --> 01:34:57,274
and murder respectable.
1178
01:35:07,577 --> 01:35:13,458
Barnhill, Isle of Jura,
22nd of October, 1948.
1179
01:35:14,835 --> 01:35:16,377
Dear Fred,
1180
01:35:16,378 --> 01:35:19,380
I have just read Sartre's book
on antisemitism,
1181
01:35:19,381 --> 01:35:21,675
which you published, to review.
1182
01:35:22,384 --> 01:35:26,888
I think Sartre is a bag of wind
and I'm going to give him a good boot.
1183
01:35:27,431 --> 01:35:32,059
The less talk there is about "the" Jew
or "the" antisemite
1184
01:35:32,060 --> 01:35:36,772
as a species of animal
different from ourselves, the better.
1185
01:36:18,315 --> 01:36:19,899
At the start of 2024,
1186
01:36:19,900 --> 01:36:22,359
{\an8}Google cut 1,000 jobs.
1187
01:36:22,360 --> 01:36:24,570
Pichai says it's about
1188
01:36:24,571 --> 01:36:28,033
"removing layers
to simplify execution."
1189
01:36:28,658 --> 01:36:32,829
Tesla, we're told the company will lay
off over ten percent of its workforce.
1190
01:36:33,788 --> 01:36:37,708
UPS announced
it will lay off 12,000 employees.
1191
01:36:37,709 --> 01:36:40,961
The practice of staff ranking employees
1192
01:36:40,962 --> 01:36:43,380
might be making a comeback
in Silicon Valley.
1193
01:36:43,381 --> 01:36:45,675
The lay-offs
are already piling up this year.
1194
01:36:46,092 --> 01:36:48,302
The lay-offs
in technology just keep coming.
1195
01:36:48,303 --> 01:36:50,846
The latest,
Google just cutting hundreds of jobs.
1196
01:36:50,847 --> 01:36:52,389
OK, it's one thing to do that,
1197
01:36:52,390 --> 01:36:54,391
to, like, decide that at a high level.
1198
01:36:54,392 --> 01:36:57,478
How do you execute that
as compassionately as possible?
1199
01:36:57,479 --> 01:36:59,564
And there's no good way, um...
1200
01:37:00,690 --> 01:37:02,107
There's no perfect way, for sure,
1201
01:37:02,108 --> 01:37:04,193
and it's gonna be tough
no matter what,
1202
01:37:04,194 --> 01:37:06,237
but as a leadership team here,
1203
01:37:06,238 --> 01:37:08,113
we've certainly spent a lot of time
just thinking,
1204
01:37:08,114 --> 01:37:11,826
"OK, what is the most compassionate way
that we can do this?"
1205
01:37:24,130 --> 01:37:27,883
From where Winston stood,
it was just possible to read,
1206
01:37:27,884 --> 01:37:31,137
picked out on its white face
in elegant lettering,
1207
01:37:31,972 --> 01:37:34,598
the three slogans of the party,
1208
01:37:34,599 --> 01:37:37,351
Freedom is Slavery,
1209
01:37:37,352 --> 01:37:39,854
War is Peace,
1210
01:37:40,230 --> 01:37:43,107
Ignorance is Strength.
1211
01:37:56,246 --> 01:37:57,998
Again, how many fingers?
1212
01:38:00,625 --> 01:38:02,085
I don't know.
1213
01:38:03,336 --> 01:38:04,671
I don't know.
1214
01:38:05,797 --> 01:38:08,300
Four, five, six?
1215
01:38:09,426 --> 01:38:12,304
In all honesty, I don't know.
1216
01:38:20,729 --> 01:38:22,646
The Cotswold Sanatorium,
1217
01:38:22,647 --> 01:38:27,777
Cranham, Gloucestershire,
the 2nd of February, 1949.
1218
01:38:28,695 --> 01:38:33,949
Dear Julian, I wonder how you
and your family are getting on.
1219
01:38:33,950 --> 01:38:36,870
I have been in this place
about a month.
1220
01:38:37,245 --> 01:38:39,580
I think I told you last time I wrote
1221
01:38:39,581 --> 01:38:42,500
that I had been feeling very bad again.
1222
01:38:43,043 --> 01:38:45,377
Richard is getting on for five now
1223
01:38:45,378 --> 01:38:48,130
and is enormous and very healthy,
1224
01:38:48,131 --> 01:38:51,384
though still not interested
in learning his letters.
1225
01:38:52,093 --> 01:38:54,553
I suppose this coming winter
1226
01:38:54,554 --> 01:38:57,056
he will have to start going to school,
1227
01:38:57,057 --> 01:39:01,144
which he is certain to enjoy,
as he is very gregarious.
1228
01:39:22,624 --> 01:39:26,127
Cranham, 8th of April, 1949.
1229
01:39:26,753 --> 01:39:28,379
Dear Richard,
1230
01:39:28,380 --> 01:39:31,090
Don't depress the others
too much with this,
1231
01:39:31,091 --> 01:39:34,427
but the fact is
I am in a bad way at present.
1232
01:39:34,761 --> 01:39:37,847
They are going
to try streptomycin again.
1233
01:39:38,181 --> 01:39:40,141
If things go badly,
1234
01:39:40,558 --> 01:39:42,434
of course we'll hope they won't,
1235
01:39:42,435 --> 01:39:44,270
but one must be prepared for the worst,
1236
01:39:45,230 --> 01:39:48,357
I'll ask you to bring little Richard
to see me
1237
01:39:48,358 --> 01:39:50,360
before I get too frightening
in appearance.
1238
01:40:22,475 --> 01:40:27,230
Cranham, Gloucester,
22nd of August, 1949.
1239
01:40:28,356 --> 01:40:29,607
Dear Fred,
1240
01:40:30,108 --> 01:40:32,151
Could you please send one copy each
1241
01:40:32,152 --> 01:40:35,612
of Burmese Days
and Coming up for Air
1242
01:40:35,613 --> 01:40:38,867
to Sonia Brownell care of Horizon?
1243
01:40:40,410 --> 01:40:42,369
As I warned you I might do,
1244
01:40:42,370 --> 01:40:44,789
I intend getting married again,
1245
01:40:45,165 --> 01:40:46,416
to Sonia.
1246
01:40:47,292 --> 01:40:50,919
When I am once again
in the land of the living,
1247
01:40:50,920 --> 01:40:52,589
if I ever am,
1248
01:40:53,047 --> 01:40:56,426
I suppose everyone will be horrified,
1249
01:40:57,010 --> 01:41:00,304
but apart from other considerations,
1250
01:41:00,305 --> 01:41:03,057
I really think
I should stay alive longer
1251
01:41:03,516 --> 01:41:05,185
if I were married.
1252
01:41:08,897 --> 01:41:11,273
One, two!
1253
01:41:11,274 --> 01:41:14,234
One, two!
1254
01:41:14,235 --> 01:41:19,282
One, two!
1255
01:41:20,700 --> 01:41:22,242
Smith?
1256
01:41:22,243 --> 01:41:24,370
6079 Smith, W.?
1257
01:41:25,413 --> 01:41:27,999
Yes, you. Bend lower.
1258
01:41:29,334 --> 01:41:33,462
Winston wrenched his body
out of bed, naked.
1259
01:41:33,463 --> 01:41:36,715
The physical jerks
would begin in three minutes.
1260
01:41:36,716 --> 01:41:41,095
The next moment, he was doubled up
by a violent coughing fit,
1261
01:41:41,930 --> 01:41:44,807
which nearly always attacked him
soon after waking up.
1262
01:41:44,808 --> 01:41:47,935
It emptied his lungs so completely
1263
01:41:47,936 --> 01:41:50,270
that he could only begin breathing again
1264
01:41:50,271 --> 01:41:52,148
by lying on his back
1265
01:41:52,482 --> 01:41:55,109
and taking a series of deep gasps.
1266
01:42:07,997 --> 01:42:09,873
Dear Francis A. Henson
1267
01:42:09,874 --> 01:42:12,168
of the United Automobile Workers.
1268
01:42:12,836 --> 01:42:15,295
My recent novel
is not intended
1269
01:42:15,296 --> 01:42:17,548
as an attack on socialism
1270
01:42:17,549 --> 01:42:19,759
or on the British Labour Party,
1271
01:42:20,176 --> 01:42:22,469
of which I am a supporter,
1272
01:42:22,470 --> 01:42:25,180
but as a show-up of the perversions
1273
01:42:25,181 --> 01:42:28,600
to which a centralized economy
is liable
1274
01:42:28,601 --> 01:42:31,603
and which have
already been partly realized
1275
01:42:31,604 --> 01:42:34,232
in communism and fascism.
1276
01:42:34,691 --> 01:42:37,985
I do not believe
that the kind of society I describe
1277
01:42:37,986 --> 01:42:40,153
necessarily will arrive,
1278
01:42:40,154 --> 01:42:43,282
but I believe
that something resembling it
1279
01:42:43,283 --> 01:42:45,033
could arrive
1280
01:42:45,034 --> 01:42:47,536
and I have tried to draw these ideas out
1281
01:42:47,537 --> 01:42:49,831
to their logical consequences.
1282
01:42:50,373 --> 01:42:53,500
The scene of the book
is laid in Britain
1283
01:42:53,501 --> 01:42:57,129
in order to emphasize
that the English-speaking races
1284
01:42:57,130 --> 01:43:00,173
are not innately better
than anyone else
1285
01:43:00,174 --> 01:43:03,011
and that totalitarianism,
1286
01:43:03,469 --> 01:43:05,345
if not fought against,
1287
01:43:05,346 --> 01:43:07,432
could triumph anywhere.
1288
01:43:12,270 --> 01:43:13,730
We are the dead.
1289
01:43:16,024 --> 01:43:17,483
We are the dead.
1290
01:43:18,109 --> 01:43:20,111
You are the dead.
1291
01:43:21,237 --> 01:43:23,447
Remain exactly where you are.
1292
01:43:23,448 --> 01:43:26,199
Make no move
until you are ordered.
1293
01:43:40,757 --> 01:43:41,758
Don't resist.
1294
01:43:42,258 --> 01:43:43,384
Stand in the middle of the room!
1295
01:43:46,262 --> 01:43:48,848
Do not touch one another.
1296
01:43:51,309 --> 01:43:53,019
Take the woman!
1297
01:43:53,561 --> 01:43:55,562
No, don't let them take me!
1298
01:43:55,563 --> 01:43:58,440
No, no, no!
1299
01:44:00,693 --> 01:44:04,197
I warned you it wouldn't be
as peaceful here as you would like.
1300
01:44:05,365 --> 01:44:07,742
Nothing is hidden
from the Thought Police.
1301
01:44:19,253 --> 01:44:21,630
"How does one man assert his power
1302
01:44:21,631 --> 01:44:23,633
over another, Winston?"
1303
01:44:24,550 --> 01:44:26,094
Winston thought.
1304
01:44:27,053 --> 01:44:29,555
"By making him suffer," he said.
1305
01:44:30,056 --> 01:44:33,600
"Exactly, by making him suffer."
1306
01:44:39,482 --> 01:44:41,526
Obedience is not enough.
1307
01:44:41,985 --> 01:44:43,695
Unless he is suffering,
1308
01:44:44,779 --> 01:44:47,531
how can you be sure
that he is obeying your will
1309
01:44:47,532 --> 01:44:48,741
and not his own?
1310
01:44:50,994 --> 01:44:54,830
Power is in inflicting pain
and humiliation.
1311
01:44:59,460 --> 01:45:03,171
Power is in tearing human minds
to pieces
1312
01:45:03,172 --> 01:45:06,508
and putting them together again
in new shapes
1313
01:45:06,509 --> 01:45:08,593
of your own choosing.
1314
01:45:23,401 --> 01:45:25,527
If you want a vision of the future,
Winston,
1315
01:45:25,528 --> 01:45:29,490
imagine a boot stamping
on a human face forever.
1316
01:45:31,534 --> 01:45:34,370
Please.
1317
01:45:39,333 --> 01:45:41,626
I don't care what you do to her,
but do it to her.
1318
01:45:41,627 --> 01:45:43,838
Tear her face off,
do it to Julia and not to me!
1319
01:45:46,424 --> 01:45:48,634
Do it to Julia!
1320
01:45:49,343 --> 01:45:51,637
Do it to Julia!
1321
01:45:52,263 --> 01:45:53,598
Not me!
1322
01:45:55,016 --> 01:45:59,811
Do you begin to see then
what kind of world we are creating?
1323
01:46:38,810 --> 01:46:42,354
All we have done
is to advance to a point
1324
01:46:42,355 --> 01:46:46,359
at which we could make
a real improvement in human life,
1325
01:46:47,193 --> 01:46:49,779
but we shan't do it
without the recognition
1326
01:46:50,196 --> 01:46:52,949
that common decency is necessary.
1327
01:47:13,261 --> 01:47:15,721
My chief hope for the future
1328
01:47:16,139 --> 01:47:17,974
is that the common people
1329
01:47:18,474 --> 01:47:22,603
have never parted company
with their moral code.
1330
01:48:56,030 --> 01:48:57,198
I betrayed you.
1331
01:48:57,907 --> 01:48:59,658
I betrayed you.
1332
01:48:59,659 --> 01:49:01,451
I told them all about you.
1333
01:49:01,452 --> 01:49:03,120
Yes, I told them about you too.
1334
01:49:07,291 --> 01:49:08,876
I ask only...
1335
01:49:09,627 --> 01:49:12,088
for you to accept my love
of our leader.
1336
01:49:12,630 --> 01:49:16,425
I love Big Brother.
1337
01:49:16,842 --> 01:49:18,301
Long live Big Brother.
1338
01:49:18,302 --> 01:49:26,227
Long live Big Brother!
Long live Big Brother!
1339
01:49:26,727 --> 01:49:30,230
Long live Big Brother!
Long live Big Brother!
1340
01:49:30,231 --> 01:49:33,567
Long live Big Brother!
1341
01:49:47,498 --> 01:49:49,582
Ladies and gentlemen,
1342
01:49:49,583 --> 01:49:53,587
please welcome the next president
of the United States,
1343
01:49:54,088 --> 01:49:57,508
President Donald J. Trump.
1344
01:50:00,678 --> 01:50:04,390
The greatest fear that I have
regarding the outcome
1345
01:50:04,849 --> 01:50:08,810
for America of these disclosures
is that nothing will change.
1346
01:50:08,811 --> 01:50:13,356
People will see in the media,
all of these disclosures.
1347
01:50:13,357 --> 01:50:17,110
They'll know the lengths
the government is going to
1348
01:50:17,111 --> 01:50:20,823
to grant themselves powers unilaterally
1349
01:50:21,240 --> 01:50:26,202
um, to create greater control
over American society
1350
01:50:26,203 --> 01:50:27,954
and global society,
1351
01:50:27,955 --> 01:50:30,665
but they won't be willing
1352
01:50:30,666 --> 01:50:34,127
to take the risks necessary
to stand up
1353
01:50:34,128 --> 01:50:36,338
and fight to change things,
1354
01:50:36,339 --> 01:50:39,341
to force their representatives
1355
01:50:39,342 --> 01:50:42,635
to actually take a stand
in their interests.
1356
01:50:42,636 --> 01:50:44,512
{\an8}In four years,
you won't have to vote again.
1357
01:50:44,513 --> 01:50:46,765
{\an8}We'll have it fixed so good,
you're not gonna have to vote.
1358
01:50:52,480 --> 01:50:54,482
How do we solve
collective-action problems?
1359
01:50:55,441 --> 01:50:57,984
We solve them with democracy.
1360
01:50:57,985 --> 01:51:02,238
So, there is one thing
that surveillance capitalists fear.
1361
01:51:02,239 --> 01:51:05,408
It may not be me
as an individual
1362
01:51:05,409 --> 01:51:07,118
or you as an individual
1363
01:51:07,119 --> 01:51:09,287
or your son or daughter
as an individual,
1364
01:51:09,288 --> 01:51:13,376
but what they fear is all of us
mobilized together now.
1365
01:51:29,183 --> 01:51:31,184
"If there is hope,"
1366
01:51:31,185 --> 01:51:33,729
wrote Winston,
"It lies in the proles,
1367
01:51:34,897 --> 01:51:39,110
If there was hope,
it must lie in the proles
1368
01:51:40,444 --> 01:51:43,613
because only there
in those swarming,
1369
01:51:43,614 --> 01:51:45,698
disregarded masses,
1370
01:51:45,699 --> 01:51:49,244
85% of the population of Oceania,
1371
01:51:49,245 --> 01:51:51,955
could the force to destroy the party
1372
01:51:51,956 --> 01:51:54,125
ever be generated.
1373
01:51:55,167 --> 01:51:59,839
{\an8}The party could not be overthrown
from within."
1374
01:53:11,702 --> 01:53:13,329
Daily routine
1375
01:53:14,288 --> 01:53:16,749
at University College Hospital.
1376
01:53:17,958 --> 01:53:19,168
"How did you sleep?"
1377
01:53:21,504 --> 01:53:22,880
7 to 7:30 a.m.
1378
01:53:25,132 --> 01:53:26,175
Temperature taken.
1379
01:53:28,636 --> 01:53:30,513
7:30 to 8.
1380
01:53:32,097 --> 01:53:33,641
Blanket bath.
1381
01:53:35,059 --> 01:53:36,393
"Back" rubbed.
1382
01:53:38,103 --> 01:53:39,605
10:30.
1383
01:53:40,940 --> 01:53:43,859
Ward maid comes to sweep room.
1384
01:53:48,113 --> 01:53:51,742
6:45, dinner.
1385
01:53:52,493 --> 01:53:55,913
10, temperature taken.
1386
01:53:56,830 --> 01:53:58,916
A drink of some sort.
1387
01:54:00,543 --> 01:54:02,461
10:30 about.
1388
01:54:04,088 --> 01:54:05,631
Bed "tipped"
1389
01:54:06,298 --> 01:54:08,259
and light put out
1390
01:54:09,218 --> 01:54:10,678
shortly after.
109828
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