All language subtitles for Hidden Killers of the Tudor Home - BBC - Full Documentary_EN

them

nowadays rethinking the 22 home

as an icon of Britishness timber-framed

maybe thatched cottage sounds wonderful
done

these quaint pretty wrecked the past
live the revolution in technology

the change them and box

this is great age changes one other
reasons we'll

love to change appears so much because
CAD discovery

and as a sense that anything is possible

one place this change was most evident
was in the home

domestic life was transported

but as with anything you the risks home

from the new technology that moved our
rooms

I'm were

to the exotic foods that build the table
you're using a luxury

to show off but is hidden death behind
him fried

she's really Newton's and the radical
treatment

introduced to the medicine cabinets new

life-threatening changes made their way
into the heart to the 22 home

with the help of modern science

and historical records on investigate
what really went on

in the 22 household

I find out about hidden dangers and what
killed shooters

in their very own houses

welcome to the treacherous world but the
real Chu to home

will

this house States from the ended the
two-day age

around fifteen ninety at the time there
was an emergency people with new wealth

who had aspirations for their homes this
is how to someone in the middling source

is in the middle ranks a society in a
pre capped a sage before that

talk causes makes any sense so it's
professionals artisans

yeoman farmers and in this case a
successful merchant

well ok

the increasingly wealthy people the
middling sought

build new kinds houses and the
unforeseen consequence

was at the introduced hidden killers to
the home

but how exactly did these beautiful
buildings threaten the lives of the

merchants in your man who inhabited them

many previously unknown dangers made
their way back here

from newly discovered distant lands some
arriving directly

into their kitchens and dining rooms
this was an age discovery

the transformed to to life and
expiration

conquest colonization trade all had the
impact on the 22 home

in various guises middling sold

benefited from a boom in trade
prospering from the new markets in goods

the coming available new items and
imported luxuries from food

to furniture helped make the home more
comfortable

than ever before the cheaper it is
definitely the start all

a real investment in material things at
four ordinary

a relatively ordinary people

so there's a huge increase in the number
and quality of items that people would

have had in their homes

from rich textile hangings and
furnishings to

more furniture additional bedding

and many more items of tableware

costly showing items like pewter

a definitely the kinda thing you want to
invest in and display in the home

as a way of indicating that you have
wealthy have

I'm statuses is possible to sell
fashioning a few identity

and it was in the dining room

where the taste for the new and exotic
was clearly visible

overseas trade

to you goods potatoes to Martin's

and you bump into things were previously
rare like this

2012 15:14 English didn't have worked
this color

and of course into mass production of
the substance so

valuable and delicious and becoming

as white gold I want a backer

Shikha sugar had been a fantastically
expensive commodity throughout the

Middle Ages

but in two times the price dropped
sharply

through using slave labor production
costs for Kaplan

so on the back of the slave trade sugar
became an attainable luxury

the people of the Middle insult the role
the bland many

diet have bred cottage beans lentils

hopes dairy and eggs occasional meet

and if absolutely necessary vegetables
began to being harnessed

with sugar

was the process by which we could
produce sugar be completed

to your house looking like this as a
they should allow

but has to be broken up someone's gonna
sit there with a hammer

and then pestle and mortar and if you
want to have an icing sugar to sprinkle

over things as a

a lovely dish which is justice salad
lemons sprinkled with just two children

well in some

paula has got to sit there and push it
resources so this work hours in sugar as

well as

expense she becomes

arm something that's a sort of desirable
a

way of displaying status so you might
use

sweet treats at the end all a meal the
banquet

course it's known ass

with no sense that sugar could be bad
for you they would even show off and

play the sugar

disguising it to look like some other
delicacies so we got here

addition not there's little sugar shells
with a little bit old sugar and our man

in the middle of the marzipan

dusted with cinnamon to give it the
naughty color and you get to read appear

suede

I'm what's this when I want to stand out
some bacon the time he was supposed to

be being spoilt and bacon is is is
working man's food

but not in this case it's been made to
'em like

bacon by doing some the sugar with
cultural and leaving

arrest want to look like fat but is in
fact all sugar would leave

but a little to rosies insurer and the
middle one

covered in silt early so the one that
looks over is actually pure silver

on top and ap stats show your

your diners real luxury you taken
upstream region

on sugar put man hours into it and then
put a precious metal on top as well

from nowhere sugar became

the must-have item at any well-to-do

what would it be like to have one should
have just been really in 10

yes I don't think we can really imagine
it we've grown up sure all around the

timesheet in most a bathroom somewhere
even bread

sent to go somewhere where you're done
has been virtually sugar-free

and be given table for sure how things
to be a huge relation energy

by

by prosecutor wanna back to go so

if you just sugar and alcohol for the
first time you will be buzzing

I wouldn't be trying when the Sherman
Oaks she's really naughty

Ashika became more popular

and its consumption more widespread the
wealthy ostentatious sugar lover

would have little idea up the trouble
the lay ahead

your

your in the Museum of London storage box

doctor yet in a bit farther studies the
remains have almost 20,000 bodies

spanning the city's history it's a
unique resource the reveals changes in

disease patterns

overtime I've come to see what

evidence 16 sentry teeth can provide for
the impact

sugar on our health cannot tell me about
these different schools what are they

telling

well what their and showing us and
telling us is the change that we might

see

in the dentition and dental health we
see a marked change from

medieval period the American coming
three up into the more recent times

he fine just turn this became here you
can see good and the visitors

teeth here and this is medieval yes it
this is early medieval

and military any young individual that
an adult but you can see here that you

haven't got any changes

DK you've got lovely enamel formation

but if we come t this individual you can
see here that you've lost the molars

if you look at the mandible you can just
seen a just got REITs

a bit each where they just recently
inducted away and DK is completely

destroyed

you now so this one's a medieval school
and this one dates from

professor that need sixteenth-century so
this is later on in the season to the

time and you've had

should be introduces more freely
available and you can see the

consequences in eighty

so in Bay City Opera and load your
you've got these huge gaps imagine help

paying for everything to go through
haptic must not be here in this yes the

kids

had to think an abscess I'm such a
horrible really nasty Zeta had

battle on titty affected must been
absolutely ghastly

unfortunately the methods people in the
Tudor period

used to clean their teeth didn't really
help

in fact the unwittingly made things
worse

the Cheetahs would I use toothpicks a
lot

and they would white 30s with tooth
clots and they would use a variety of

powders and pastes

and solutions offer with resort actually
of them with sugar or honey in it as

well

snot for help for K

they would sometimes is alabaster sticks

and with ticket uh stains they might use

a powder which was crowned coral and
palestinian

which would also take away the enamel of
course the

all sad kissing comforts which were
perfume suites which would take way bad

breath but did nothing for the 2k

im tragically the tutors have no idea
that they were in the grip

what would become a centuries-long
addiction

it's the sweet taste sugar that attracts
at all

and but part of the reason for that is
that it has an effect on the chemicals

are body

for

sugar helps ass absorb amino acid called
trip to Japan

which is used to make the
neurotransmitter serotonin

and this is a chemical that affects the
brain to make us feel happy and content

it's one of the assorted like a pleasure
chemical a sugar is linked to bat

and so it's thought that that's why
people like sugar and that's why

it is sometimes described as being
addicted in 1592

the Judas began recording deaths in
mortality bills

thank lewd all manner the parent causes
and all the biggest killers make an

appearance

play fever consumption

and surprisingly teeth were there too

bad teeth

can retire from bhakti yes

yes absolutely tooth disease can be a
killer

teeth a lot are deadly if you've got
that amount all

2k happening and back can also affect
the baby im so you can inform

abscess any fats and rainy internees
gotta love that poison to gain sin ti

back in causing a lot of problems in the
housing

I'll t feel pretty kinky actually

I the

acids bacteria produce eat into the
teeth

allowing infection to take it

bacteria can then get into the
bloodstream and attack other parts of

the body

I'm but without antibiotics

there was very little to choose a
dentist could do

beyond pulling teeth

they would have no understanding at all
of the fact that sugar with damaging the

best the body so high sugar levels

could be predisposing into the debt
develop diseases like diabetes

and then the bacteria from the decaying
teeth would be damaging perhaps a half

miles

and the kidneys so could be causing
damage to all the internal organs

and they would have no idea until it was
too late %uh

gold sent sugar

really can buchanan yes because if you
be sure affected that badly

and then it can have that really of
affect on you on your health and ankles

you will you know your demise cause you
to die

sugar was a slow burn killer taking
centuries for its true impact be felt

now it's considered by some to be
responsible for some of the greatest

health problems

about I'm the biggest danger there
wasn't what they

8 but the very construction at the home
itself

well I'm making my way into the main
remove the house

on the train at the next killer in fact

sitting right here hidden in plain sight

home ok

it's not the fireplace but the chimney
before the chimney was widely adopted

early to two homes like medieval houses
before them

could easily fill up was
life-threatening smoke

the typical to hatch worse and I'm

along have senators integrate all
actions

percent finance sector new hole in the
roof

to Christmas going

these early makeshift Ben didn't work
well

allowing noxious fumes to build up in
the home the chimney

offered a brilliant solution the

change from having an atmosphere indoors
where you constantly breathing smoke in

your eyes weeping

to having one way is drawing your clean
air and you is enormous

and certainly anybody who could fall to
would have moved over Cincy

said got to grips with the idea of this
new technology being available

not only did the chimney make the home
more comfortable

it had a dramatic impact on its overall
layout

over the course of the cheetah periods
with

the down introduction of to begin with
quite experimental chimneys

more opportunities become possible for
pushing the fire

to the side of the rim in closing the
file

allows you to subdivide that space
making possible new ideas on

privacy and comfort to some extent I'll

so the chimney I should in the biggest
change to the middling sorts home

for many centuries the first time

ordinary homes could happen upstairs
level I'll

separate Rooms To Sleep Inn of

kitchen and Durham

to dine if

and each one had its own chimney it
revolutionized domestic life

but these comforts came at a price

the chimney brought a hosted hidden
dangers

as the said she went on

the regular reports of fires sweeping
through whole towns

in the year 1538 the greatness sudden
fire happened in the night season

which within the space of three hours
consumed more than a dozen houses

and nine persons were burned to death
their in the year

1541 a great fire began which burns so
Saul

that the flame firing the whole house
and consuming it

was seen call the city over 1485

to John Hall in together with the parson
and his mom also burnt in that fire

and in Shakespeare's birthplace in
stratford-upon-avon

the two major fires one in 1594 that
burned down half the town

and another year later destroyed the
remaining home

I'm

good to find out what caused these fires

judas examine the construction and the
chimney well

in the rush to introduce this new
technology

you get a builder in all you do the work
yourself not necessarily to the highest

specification

there's no building regulations so

a lot of these early chinese-built
active really inappropriate materials

timber and looked

you could stock if I and liked it the
wooded been

that spock support the back at the
chimney an enormous and with care on the

back there

should be we'll catch liked and I could
smolder for hours and hours

you with the family would be fast asleep
an action he was being in a way

and unknowingly and then the course that
could spread to the roof

and then we wouldn't be getting into the
building then as well as using flammable

materials in its construction

22 builders had yet to work out the
basic principles that make a chimney

function

to it took quite a while to fully
realize that you had to have

an aperture in the front of the
fireplace there was no more than 10

times the narrowest point in the chimney

if you don't do that then the withdrawal
probably you get smokes pulling back

into the room

0

the drawers the suction effect the quite
literally drew was smoke and gases away

from the fire

up the chimney and out at the house but
if the crew was not strong enough

smoke lingers in the chimney for far too
long

with deadly consequences the smoked fish
to sit

a half way up the chimney and the
richest temple

no anybody knows anything about Pryor's

knows a smoker's and been truer forensic
fire expect Emma Wilson

can demonstrate the impact unburned fuel

in a tutu chimney the small that is
being produced by the

I fire at the base of the chimney
ignites

and all of the smoke that text in a
chimney begins to fame very quickly the

smoke itself catches

time the smoke catches fire yes and I
can experiment to showing

how combustible small-company I K K

well

the new

so without an effective

drool fix deposits build-up inside the
chimney

smoke hangs around and flew until the
heat builds up

technician poem

easy to see this affect in Emma's
experimental chin

you can see the Cascade

top start to get the ticking they won't
complain that time already

them

seem imagine the effective these flames

on a thatched roof

and

source for the first people didn't
realize that this happened to me

now and if you've never had a team
leader for how would you know that this

could happen how would you know that you
had to clean

2015 E so when people first start using
jimmies I i imagine

you built it you thought that was it
where is actually

we now know that cleaning etching
regularly is something you've just got

to do to prevent

and chimney fires from occurring

into two times as today the consequences
if iraq could be devastating

pamphlets like this one from $15.86

poetically chart the emotional impact
these frequent fires

so the chimney could be lethal my joys a
departed

my comfort is gone my people pull
creatures

all morning in well they described
really horrendous

heart-rending arm experiences up the
individuals leasing

see their lives that children and the
property in as

quite a bit of attention paid in these
accounts to

that the kinds of pets being lost bands
and

a sense of just tremendous ruin and Los
the mood fellow by firing up his chimney

procured their casualty and

their accounts if a third have times
been taken out by these major fires that

sometimes traced back to just one
individual no

looking after that chimney probably Wed

so the chimney could be lethal

the biggest cause of death was not find
itself

on doctor steven gum

is conducting important new research
into some 9,000 coroners

inquest records from around the country
during this period

these documents our unique source of
statistical data

about shoot in life and provide a whole
new inside

into death in the 22 home actually in
the congress reports find they're more

house collapses killing people

the house fires because cheap houses are
mostly made

things that born quite easily up them
actually timber-framed

but they've been quite slowly city will
have the chance to get out

the problem is that building chimneys on
two houses and cost chimneys

a large structures so we have chimneys
collapsing during fires

when fires election cited

brick was the one the material the
distinguished the architecture the

chewed

age but it turns out that

early breaks had a hidden weakness when
it comes to the defining feature

a 16th century house coal and wood

they would bid in the inside a chimney
would about a thousand degrees

see and Colin about 1200 2pc

I was way more than the Brit could
handle should

the bricks just couldn't handle heat
what so ever and they would explode

that the more to that was holding the
bricks together

would expand then it would contract

for like brick should be split I'm the
chin with compassion

way so for example we come accident

in Canton 15-18 the father breaks out
house in Wingham

in Kent several men run to put the fire
out

Thomas Adams once called off over and
another one they

get to help put the fire out with other
people but again in the course of the

fire

brick chimney collapsed on top of them
so touching the collapse material rather

than the fire itself

that kills them in hand The Tudors
gradually came to understand the risks

to life and property the chimneys could
pose

to tackle the problem they drew up what
were effectively the very first health

and safety laws the chimneys

one there a ordinances for example
issued in oxford's

in 1582 but actually make it the
responsibility NH

each individual householder to
constructs that Jimmy's in the region

appropriate materials

Sanaa patch for the reef but I'll slate
and

brick or stone for the chimney that all
chimneys occupied with fire within the

said city

child from henceforth be swept four
times every year when upon pain of

forfeiture for every time that any
chimney so happened to be fired

three shillings for opens to be paid by
the owners have the same chimneys

Sanford

home

home

but even these laws couldn't prevent the
Great Fire of London

eighty four years later

them

despite all the new luxuries a cheater
life and the proliferation

grand motel rooms houses in many ways
the house remains firmly lodged in the

medieval period

much what we think of as the basics of
domestic life

simply weren't there for us there's
nothing more fundamental than utility

and convenience have running water but
for the Tudors

there was no such thing as a pass from
or shower

me did

my next hidden killer lies outside the
four walls at the house

well Luna house

an almost certainly was the woman used
to bring every drop of water that the

family required

to the door this pocket became a
familiar

and tedious but in water

is a very heavy substance and so if
you've got a quiet from any distance

feel household

that's going to be an quite a major part
of the efforts that's put in during the

day

all sources chose the Wii today do
inside out Z modern homes

the Jews were forced to do outside
vertically washing

and laundry this meant spending an awful
lot of time down at the nearest water

source

in all weathers all year round
effectively making them an extension to

the home

because ponds and streams paid such a
major role in daily life

it's no surprise that they also appear
in literature

often lethally but long it could not be

to let her garments heavy with their
drink pulled the poor wretch from her

melodious lay

to muddy death you

well many as Shakespeare's plays and
much writing at the time feature

characters drowning

and analysis at the coroner's report
reveals for the first time

the number of deaths due to drowning in
the Tudor period

the biggest contrast with today

is the amount to crowning so in 2010 in
the UK

about 2 percent an accidental deaths
were drownings now period in the 16th

century

it's more like forty percent karsh why
so many well

people are exposed to open water in lots
lots of different contexts

the single largest cause is probably
fetching water but then there are lots

of other things that people have to do

household purposes that involve going to
the water

you have to take animals to water you
often have to travel across water

and cause the other thing is people have
to wash their clothes and

we got an accident here with a young
woman she's described as a spinster some

unmarried woman

called assure a red sole at this is 1556

and it says she went to a pond she was
washing

a little cheer Nick called a petticoat
and she was

sitting on a breach called a plank

and she fell of the planned into the
pond

and she drowned

Elizabeth Bennet collecting warplanes to
put in the bread

she was baking in the house the fence
broke she fell into the moat

and round Elizabeth core munger

washing linen clothes on the bank of a
river the feet slipped

she fell into the water and drowned
leonard a lame

relieving himself on the verge a ditch
when he crouched his feet slipped

and fell backwards into the water said
why did so many drown

and often quite shallow water in the
interests of science I'm donning

authentic to garp

and heading down to nearby pool on a
fresh spring morning the water

temperatures

around 12 degrees im

the coroner's report suggest it was all
too easy to slip and fall into the water

with potentially lethal consequences and
the immediately

it's free

really coast so much so it makes me cost
ok

first reflex when a body hits cold water
is to gasp

home you have a sudden in taking and
completely involuntary and is nothing

you can do about it

if you under the water when that happens
keep reading water

ok assumes that cold water hits the back
of your throat

larynx voice box it can cause it to go
into spasm

and that will effectively Suffolk a team

even in relatively mild weather like
this the water temperature

is a shock my reaction may sound extreme
but the cold really makes me guard

to catch my breath water takes heat away
from your body

twenty five times more quickly the name
pair of the same temperature

so you very rapidly lose heat from the
body and since I happens

your body functions to stop working

as well as the cold in the shock it's
difficult to keep my balance

my clothes are dragging getting caught
up

I'm it hard kept putting for stupid if
you purchase anything to current

computer his good on that

the on

I'm in the difficulties getting out
Sesame Street

okay again very happy goal

and getting completely 40% off

wall is uniquely good at absorbing
moisture under the microscope it reveals

itself to have a surprisingly complex
physical and chemical structure

it's made up to internal layers while
the outer layers water

dirt in stain repellent the in a letter
is highly absorbant

to walk in take in more moisture than
any other fiber

before becoming saturated we gonna
closed

like a huge how'd

I'm not just imagining it

more can absorb up to one and a half
times it's dry weight

which means my clothes a much happier as
I tried to get out

I didn't feel it when I was submerged

but as soon as I try to stand up it's a
hefty added burden

it's really not easy struggling to stand
up on sleep remarked

more freezing cold and weighed down by
what Wall your

so it was a combination of heavy closing
slippery banks

and the shock of the cold water that
made running so prevalent

the shooters were certainly aware of the
problem and as the 16th century war on

they began to take precautions towards
the end to the Tudor period

people began to put covers on the 12th

be fenced off watercourses they install
water pumps

and as communities work together to
create safe source is a water

so the risk of death by drowning
declined the idea of the home miss

something

encompassed by four walls is a very
modern nation

so much of their domestic life involved
the space

outside as well as the rooms inside the
juice instead the house was

open impermeable humans and animals

tumbled in and out in a colorful call
dismantle

from sunrise to sundown all the

the famous Dutch humanist harassed
mister Cambridge

and he was disgusted by the state if the
russians these were the

straw in the hay that they weren't they
would put on the ground to keep

house warm to keep the house try and he
said the cation they would change the

top lab at the bottom there

with some to stay there for 20 on kids
and it was fellow

a lil still a fish to you it was for
them vomit it's the

leakage man and a dogs and other
abominations not fit

to mention he doubts and he was called
Gong farmer

good clean your chest protector disease
was obviously like there is dissent

recall a typhoid

3 the biggest wins in the two period

which would killing no problems at all
she went to work when they were the cut

on your arm or leg

and the gentry was gone but I let
encourage you

it was only a matter of time before
winners to sing is king

knocking on the door

in the circumstances then its easy to
understand how something as basic

and natural as childbirth was very
dangerous around 20 out of every

thousand women

died in childbirth in comparison to 8
maternal deaths

per hundred thousand births in britain
today when women give birth up to the

very vulnerable to infection

they're lining of the womb is a more
wound

and they may pick up some tears in the
genital tract

all of those given opportunity for
infective organisms like bacteria to get

into the bloodstream when I could be a
very dangerous thing

because people have no idea about how
infections

were caused the concept of
microorganisms like viruses or bacteria

causing disease

that came hundreds of years later the

infection was a huge hidden killer and
two times

as we can understand from the coroner's
inquest reports that medical context

explains why we have

many is accidental deaths was not so
these are people who

cut themselves or break a limb they
might cut themselves on a knife they

might

break a leg up falling out of a tree in
there

me the yard next left house picking
fruit whatever

and they wouldn't die from that now but
on the 16th century circumstances

they have infection in wound all they
have a blood clot which causes the

problems from a broken leg

so actually be coroner's inquest report
report them dying

five days ten days 15 days after the
accident

but they still say that the accident was
obviously the thing that caused it

the coroner's reports tell us that
between 1558 in 1560

unusual deaths from accidents around the
country include

death from crush testicles up to playing
games at Christmas

wrestling falling masonry

56 deaths were due to archery

and 12 escaped bad

whatever the cause injury or sickness

get ill in the 15th or 16th century

and you'd be unlikely to call in a
professional doctor except in extremis

most people have the middling so would
treat themselves at home

using herbs and ingredients from recipes
pols down through the generations

for the 22 housewife

the medicine cabinet was limited to her
knowledge and what was grown locally

in the garden at the home of a middling
sought

would be a special section laid out
specifically for growing herbs

remedies for daily elements in effect

but should a first aid kit in a bank

to the house they would have their own
physic garden and

isn't a pastor in modern what's called
Pharmacopoeia which is a

a body of herbal knowledge and
understanding of which plants can help

in which plans can heal you

what conditions they can be used to
treat now even

the smallest cottage in the village the
person living there will have backed the

same knowledge even if they don't have
the physical

but they'll know where to go in their
local area to go and pick helps

stood peachy is custodian at the smooch
you to staff has it gotten

was in the past I think we use for me
just me well we've got things like her

tenzin here now tens is useful and

springtime at the end lengths because
the thoughts that's the intestinal worms

they suffered from

was partly a result fully fish that made
it known for that and some period

and tens is very good because it's a
relatively mild poison that kills worms

next to that we've got ru now ru is one
of the battery is different slants that

can be used to induce abortion

pennyroyal is another one long words
with its spotted leaves their

that one is good for infections the long
easing the chest

and I would have been used as a a
general heard in that area so the

Chittagong usually the ocean it in

organic not to mention absolutely it's
free as well as far as they're concerned

the new according to some sources

150 plants were considered to have use
for medicinal qualities

boo grown in the garden and prepared in
the home

people have this past storehouse a
medical knowledge

and remedies and they passed them around
that make pinned to their families

not be to the friends & neighbors
because when that happens

medicine sprites out in to ever-growing

circles it's also worth remembering that
virtually our entire

corpus have medical remedies tablets
today are based on plans

we are still using props the same plans
but we're distilling when using the

different weights the

the power it lies within the chemicals
in the plans and that's what worked and

it works

now but herbal cures want without their
dangers

get the dose wrong and you find yourself
in trouble

many of these plants are safe in small
doses

and toxic in high doses for example some
tonight NZ which

action was very widely used as a way of
putting words from your body

in springtime later in the year that
becomes toxic

as the active ingredients buildup in
concentration when you can make yourself

quite ill with it

a mixed up with some effective practical
cures wasn't very

on police this idea that something that
looks like a thing you're trying to

treat

might actually help it and so there's a
plant's

has been called pile mort for example
because its roots look a bit like piles

and this was used to treat hemorrhoids
piles because

the plant looked a bit like what he was
treating mmm

0 the superstitious beliefs along with
the unpredictability of some herbal

cures

men the tournament San always had the
potential to go disastrously wrong

but abroad according to an invention
seem poised to change

or this for the better you had us
couldn't berg had invented his movable

type printing press

forty years before the 22 area one of
the things that is changing with

medicine at this point

is that's with the introduction printing
which concert just before started and

issued a period

it is far easier to disseminate
knowledge people have written books on

medicines since

classical times but watching now seeing
is the printed page making that

more widely available initially printing
presses were used mainly to produce

religious texts

by the mid 16th century printers and
found a new market

publishing home annuals a mixture
remedies in recipes

and these books were enormous John
gerald's instrument was seventeen

hundred pages

profusely illustrated and and designed
to enable you to clearly identify the

plants

and know what their effects on what the
toxicities I'll

to some extent as well as what the
benefits are the new

the best sellers were reprinted over and
over again to me

popular demand historians estimate that
maybe four hundred thousand medical

books

were printed or together in the Tudor
period suddenly those who could afford

it

access to thousands arrest peas in just
one book

far beyond their previous knowledge and
all written

I suppose it medical expect at first
glance

the books appeared to contain no
shortage of sound advice

like john Gerard recommendation against
planting deadly nightshade

if you will follow my counsel deal not
with the same

in any case and banish it from your
garden's

three boys did eat at the Pleasanton
beautiful

fruity rolf to with four died in less
than

8 hours after they had eaten them these
medical books made their way into the 22

home

where they would have played a pivotal
role in everyday life

or deaf there to help

people in the absence of a doctor let
this serve called things like every man

his own

physician and they may be set out my
body parts so therefore you just simply

leaf your way through I'm fine something
is wrong with you

but the medical terms when necessary the
wonderful care rules they first appeared

to be

some other recipes found in their pages
seem very own

today missus and reboots brasseries
health

medical treaties it was something the
best seller in the 16th century

and include also Serenity's including
this one here from Posey

so it says take a fox with all the skin
know the body quartered

and with the hot liver and lungs and the
fat muscle the entrails stanza kidneys

steve is it long in running water with
Callum and bomb

and Cara ways and baby

the patient in the water of it and the
smell a fox

is good for the poor see more

to the Tudors cures like this were
rooted in perfectly reasonable ideas

about the body

and disease and living thing something
that has been a life has

and what's called an animus living
spirit and so with part to view is

with good dying then it makes a perfect
logical sense

to you something from something that's
been a life and restore the spirit ESL

kills incorporation the blood in
bacteria written got to an animal

stood a high chance of being fatal
applied to an

open wound like this remedy

for sexually transmitted disease way
necklace culpepper 16-18 herbal has a

remedy for the clap

which is to to kill a chicken wanna
still warm

to dip your pretty parts in it the Sudan
calmed

and but was a basic problem with all the
Q's

they were all based on a fundamental
misunderstanding

way the trouble with all the recipes Inc
years in the home manuals

is that the pre scientific but you to
simply didn't know about the back to

pathogens that cause infection and
disease they threw the party

was at the for humans four key fluids
that needed to be kept in balance

to remain healthy disease was simply too
beers altman in balance at the humans

nowadays we know there's no scientific
basis for that at all

but if you've got a theory of disease
the simply mom how can you tonight

unfortunately for the Tudors

they believe they were following sound
medical advice

these a scientific men lead to something
medical will to writing these tax

and the dangerous than they become
effectively gospel

0 the knowledge in the books would have
been perceived as being at the cutting

edge of Medicine

and the recipes in June 22 so long
because really effective treatments for

infectious disease

was two hundred years away %uh

part of the problem was that no one had
seen inside the body

for centuries human dissection had been
banned throughout the Middle Ages

but in the fifteen forties henry the
eighth allowed surgeons

to use the bodies are those hang to the
gallows for medical research in

%uh detailed studies of human anatomy

became widely available for the first
time marking the beginnings of

scientific inquiry into the body

but they didn't come soon enough to help
with our next problem

but mom

I'm going up stairs into the bedroom to
find out next hidden-camera

the

ok

min

the good

people as promiscuous in the past this
thing out today

it's certainly socially frowned upon

and all the printed literature on the
religious literature and all the

morality says you shouldn't do it

for people still do it you've only got
to look at

the the court cases and the legitimacy
records in the past to the bones to see

how many legitimate children being born

as a result of and married sex

children when the only consequences of
such activities

way in 1497

disease was recorded in the British
Isles for the first time

and its routine seem to be fine the most

interfax in most private place in the
home

the veteran I'm

hospitals were being deluged with people
suffering from a disease they'd never

seen before

will implode to doctor in London noted
that

every other patient it is hospital had
the same symptoms

in the hospital saint bartholomew London
among

every 20 disease persons that were taken
in 10 of them

had the pox the new

William Clowes produced medical treaties
describing the symptoms of the disease

she talks about it producing pains or
aches

BOCES nodes and found scabs

with corruption at the bones the niggas
in here talks about venomous

pass stools scabs upon the forehead

browse facing bid as about the secret
parks

its cool she says was that it was a pest
into faction

a filthy last a sickness very low some
odious

troublesome in dangerous the new
testimony the just roth

of gold Wade

we now know that in fact these horrific
symptoms what caused by a viral and

bacterial infection

which we call syphilis and what they may
not have understood it's back to

origin to choose new enough to link its
progress to sex

symptoms a very manifest

and to a society that's obsessed with
signs and symptoms

it's very clear to them how this has
come about

for the first stage

gives the characteristic boils and marks
on the sexual organs

so it's seen as a result of sin
promiscuity the many two towns had their

bawdy house all brothel

and the certainly aided the spread of
the disease the new

event husbands carried infection right
back into the heart of the home

as a poem the time warns

a woman had to haul munger is Wed is in
the most desperate case

she scares days before my duty in bed
with one of conditions same base

for sometimes he's bitten with Turnbull
Street fellini's

the park's or some other infectious
disease

whatever the source of infection

dissociation with illicit sex men to
suffer was certain to become a social

outcast would the card terrible stigma

if you had some up syphilis cars band

you seen as a Cena you a scene as a
prosecutor branded a syphilitic whole

consequently the telltale signs have
syphilis

was sometimes cleverly disguised it was
a real

stigma to have damaged tonight because
people knew immediately that you must

have

and late state is a syphilis and so they
even made

wooden and metal false noses said the
people who try and cover

up the damage the syphilis it done you
must

here in the museum at London's by
archaeology department

thus further evidence of the impact of
the disease on the city's population

some the treaties i havent heard from
sixteenth century talk about things like

officers in the head and on the corners
with the mouse and things like that

you ever come across something like that
yet we do if we have an injury to hear

that

we can see from their skull that they
are actually showing these lesions that

were that we would identify being
satiated with the new syphilis

you can see here that's incredibly
destructive

and if you imagine this poor soul being
alive miss so much should be eaten away

its click

it must mean it. he renders speakers and
you've got vase changes that we can seal

between now and the driving

but then you'd have had that changes
that would then be

expressed in the soft tissues in the
skin and schools

he might see the infection affecting our
highways and can lead to blindness

also danced around the knees Landman can
destroy the soft cheese is not possible

places well

the burn show how sufferers could have
lived with surface for

decades the bacteria slowly eating away
different parts of the body

with so many victims

a lot of effort went into finding a
remedy the problem was

all too often the so-called kidder's
could also finish you off

this is why am i close is full also some
remedies for dealing with syphilis

page after page suggests different cures
which indicates

somewhat not the Mike and after forty or
fifty pages if these various cures

close identifies one more he says this
is for the curation

the disease called the French pox and
it's called

Quiksilver at his not carry mercury had
long been thought of as a useful

treatment for skin conditions

because it seemed to have a beneficial
effect from around 1300 22 been used

to treat skin complaints to weather is
psoriasis

or leprosy or any other sort of
infection

they would put mercury on it and so when
they saw the people with

syphilis were developing skin lesions
they thought they would use

the usual treatment for skin lesions
which was mercury mercurial commute

minister they're all manner of different
ways

a man's penis can be injected with
Mercury on the

is Sourav might think of as a up ever

adulterated under pants for shipping
dipped in mercury you can put clothes on

and I'll do it

may have had an effect locally on the
area that was being treated

but of course we know that the initial
Shankar the first sign of syphilis

would actually heal up and go on its own
anyway within several weeks

and so perhaps after several weeks a
mercury treatment if the skin lesion had

gone

they would assume it was because of the
mercury rather than the natural course

of the disease

him

some other ways to doctors applied
mercury to the body

where ingenious I took one of the more
complex recipes to a specialist

laboratory

to analyze its makeup backs to scream

was a blended long hard beeswax various
herbs

and elemental mercury we mix it together

and the surprisingly action from the
nice

even suspension we expect

to see mobiles elemental mercury in fact
anything nice

silver cream shine be

well in the final concentration contains
35 percent

all elemental mercury 35 percent yes

so a shoes concentrations why didn't
they just put mercury straight into the

skin

you couldn't apply a midsummer creatures
kinks just fall

I'm

so this was a Methodist former green to
cream

and then to actually put this on the
scheme to treat the lesions

on the set list this is actually very
clever so they've made away

of making cream so that actually not
Creek and be absorbed into it

and then rubbed into the skin yes and
also tells us

that I want my cream which reply to the
scheme

since I'm concentration of fewer an
intimate provide

knew what they were doing yes they did
your good love and you had to do that

would have had an impact

well elemental mercury doesn't actually
diffusion skin that quickly about 1

percent

this cream governments came but the main
hazards

actually Jersey inhalation that's why we
can't take the murky cream

out to the sealed container its lethal
when we measure the concentration of

mercury vapor coming from the cream

its of the scale item body temperature

side

I am 34 37 degrees centigrade that would
be released

the gas phase concentration about fifty
milligrams me to Q's

and the workroom admits and that we
can't all right to die

2.02 so that some two-and-a-half
thousand times

more concentrated Khwaja six ordinary so
even if you weren't affected

being in the room minister in the
treatment would have been hazardous

mercury typically affect the nervous
system

and so it can cause I'm pins and needles

numbness in the hands and that can
affect all the nerves did

start to lose your sent to balance

and not be able to tell exactly where
you are in relation

to the world but then once it starts to
affect the better the nervous system

it can get the brain and it can cause
dementia memory loss

compulsions and then even tens

see what you showed great invention they
were actually making the bed room itself

a deadly chemical trap filling it with
poisonous papers

David is great day service so much so
actually that that one doctor said that

after examining

the bane have some he died of syphilis
he could see Quiksilver

quivering underneath this there

and an amazingly even today

historians conta green on West surplus
came from

there a couple if there is one that

christopher Columbus brought syphilis
back to the new world

and that was the first time to be
introduced to Europe and that's why it

suddenly appeared

but another suggestion is that there was
some mutation in the bacterium around

that time

it suddenly became much more the real
into destructive and caused this

severe disease that suddenly appeared so
nobody really knows

there would be no

effective cure for syphilis until
centuries later

with the advent of antibiotics the need
to treat syphilis properly

and all infection doctors first me
didn't

accurate understanding of the body and a
better theory of disease

they needed equipment the first
microscopes for example were developed

in the last decade at the Tudor period

them

without a doubt the chewed a century
witnessed a revolution in the way people

live their lives

the changes that took place

created to choose a house we know today
with its picturesque beams and

fireplaces

I'm new technologies

have transformed the fundamental nature
of domestic life

had started to OSH

in the modern H

with any pain

change do with dangers soul which took
centuries taxpayers

and some which with us still their roots
family located

in the two-day each