All language subtitles for Channel4.Christianity.A.History.6of8.Dark.Continents.XviD.MP3.eng

Christianity is the
world's largest religion.

It claims one in three
of the global population

and is growing all the time.

How did it rise to such power?

How did its message reach the
four corners of the globe?

And why was it accepted?

This is the story of what happened
when Europeans colonised the world,

and carved out whole new empires...

It was terrible, it was devastating.
90% of the population died.

..Of how they enslaved whole
populations,

while trying to force them
to convert to Christianity.

Inasmuch as the gospel
was preached,

it could not penetrate into the
real consciousness of the African.

In this film, I'm going on a journey

to uncover the true story of
Christianity's global spread,

to reveal the ancient history
of African Christianity

and the sometimes gory truth
of the missionary experience.

Forever and ever...

And of how, in the greatest
revolution in religious history,

the new converts
have seized the religion

of their former colonial masters,
transformed it

and are now set to
overturn the European world.

The West has lost its original
Christianity and the Africans

will need to re-propagate
the gospel back to the West.

Right now! Right now! Right now...

As a Christian, I am often asked how
someone like me, a man of colour,

can worship the God of his
former slave and colonial master.

I was taught at school that
the explorer, David Livingstone,

was one of Victorian Britain's
greatest heroes. His grave is here

at Westminster Abbey alongside
all of the great and the good.

David Livingstone was one in a
long line of European missionaries

who dedicated their lives to
bringing Western Christianity

to the so-called
Dark Continents of the world.

But this great missionary enterprise
was part of a huge colonial venture,

one which often brutally
exploited peoples across the world.

That history is part of my family
history and as a result,

they were introduced
to Christianity.

Christianity began as a small
Jewish cult in the Middle East.

But it soon spread through Turkey,

Greece, Egypt, North Africa
and into Italy

where in the 4th century,
it was adopted by

the Roman Emperor
and spread throughout the Empire.

And then for the next 1,000 years,

Christianity was dominated
by white Europeans.

In 1492, the Spaniard Christopher
Columbus reached the New World.

So began 500 years of colonialism.

And the lives of millions of people,

including my ancestors,
were changed forever.

The first Spanish colonists
to arrive here

believed this was a dark continent
peopled by heathens,

who had to be saved
from witchcraft,

ignorance and evil.

But wherever they went,

the Spanish found advanced
civilisations like the Maya,

capable of building
incredible monuments to their faith.

Mayan society was
highly sophisticated.

They had exquisite architecture,
they were great artists,

mathematicians, astronomers.

It has a very sophisticated
religion as well.

This is part of the Dresden Codex
and you can see there several gods.

And this is Itzana
in the form of an alligator,

an animal that comes
from the underworld.

What really disgusted
the Spanish invaders was

that these beautiful temples were
dedicated to bloody human sacrifice.

Human sacrifices were very important
because they had a lot of gods and

the gods needed blood to feed
and if the gods didn't have blood,

especially human blood,
they just stop producing the energy

for the universe so the
universe will just stop.

That was the belief?

That was the belief, yes.

Growing up, I, too,
believed they were a heathen,

ungodly and uncivilised people.

Our Christian God didn't continually
demand the blood of humans.

But these people had a religious
system that had existed for

thousands of years.

For me, this is the tragedy
of European colonialism,

that it could see no virtue in
the civilisations it encountered.

That all it sought to do
was destroy whatever it found

and replace it with its own
western Christian civilisation,

with terrible consequences
for people all over the world.

Oh, my God!

Isn't that the most spectacular
thing you've seen in your life?

But for the European colonists,
this meant nothing.

The Spanish and Portuguese divided
up the New World between them.

By the late 16th century,
their empires extended

from the coasts of Africa
to Central and South America

and even to India
and the Philippines...

..bringing millions of indigenous
people under Catholic rule

for the first time.

And all of this was backed by
the authority of the Pope in Rome.

In Mexico, the Spanish
were determined to destroy

the local religions and so
they built their new churches

right on top
of the old Mayan temples.

One of the biggest is
the Franciscan convent at Izamal,

the headquarters
of a brutal campaign

of forced
Christian conversion.

We have to remember that
in the 15th century,

the Papacy gave the monarchs of
Castile and Aragon the title of

Catholic kings. This only confirmed
a very, very old tradition that made

peninsular Iberian monarchs vicars of
God and responsible for the salvation

and for the faith of their subjects.

The Spanish colonists
believed they had

a mission from God
to convert the Indians.

And in charge
of the work in Yucatan

was a Franciscan monk,
Diego de Landa.

But this conversion
was in no way voluntary.

The local people were
reduced almost to slaves.

And Europeans brought
terrible diseases with them too.

According to the
Archbishop of Mexico,

in the duration of two or three
months, he saw 100,000 people die.

This catastrophe,
it was terrible, it was devastating.

90% of the population died.

I can see how the Mayans thought
their gods had abandoned them,

while the Spanish believed
it was their Christian duty

to save these people
by converting them to Christianity.

What happened here in Yucatan

was mass conversion
at the barrel of a gun.

The new colonial Christian masters
wanted to control

not only the bodies but also the
souls of their Mayan subjects.

To Diego de Landa
and his Franciscans,

it looked like they had succeeded.

But they were wrong.

30 years after
their arrival in Mexico,

the Spanish monks began
to get disturbing reports...

..of idols hidden in caves,

of human sacrifices...

..of Mayan priests who were
encouraging the people

to return to the old pagan ways.

When questioned by the Franciscans,
the locals freely admitted

that they still worshipped
their Mayan idols.

For Diego de Landa and his
Franciscans,

this was a betrayal
of all that they had worked for.

And his reaction
was one of pure vengeful savagery.

In an attempt to root out the pagan
idols and the heretical ringleaders,

De Landa unleashed
a new weapon in Yucatan...

..the Inquisition.

Thousands of Mayans
were systematically
rounded up and tortured.

The Mayans still
remember those terrible days.

TRANSLATED:
'They got them and took them away,
and they mistreated them.

'And they took them from the
temples so they didn't listen

'to the gods' words.
They took them away and hung them

'so they didn't perform ceremonies,
or take part in religion.

'That's what it was like when
the Spanish invaded Mexico.'

De Landa was determined
to destroy the Mayan gods

once and for all.

So he ordered the local population
to assemble in the town square.

First, a huge pile of idols and
sacred skulls were put to the torch.

And then hundreds of
Mayan religious books,

the beautiful manuscripts which
held their whole civilisation

in their pages.

Today, only three volumes survive,
anywhere in the world.

For us, it would be like destroying

the last surviving copies
of the Bible.

So began Western Christianity's
encounter with the outside world.

While sincerely believing
they were bringing

Christian salvation
to these people,

the Europeans instead
brought death and destruction

on a monumental scale.

And the worst part of it was forcing
people to convert just didn't work.

SPEAKS SPANISH

But incredibly, in secret,
the Mayans were able to save

some of their religious traditions,

later importing them into
their own version of Christianity.

And so prove that for many, like me,

the white way
is not the only way to salvation.

MEXICAN BAND MUSIC PLAYS

500 years ago, white Europeans
began a colonial land grab

that eventually covered
most of the world.

They brought their version of
Christianity with them

and tried to force
the native peoples to convert.

Given the fierce resistance
we saw to Christianity in Mexico,

it seems surprising that it grew to
the global force that it is today.

500 years ago,
there were hardly any Christians

outside of
the middle eastern Europe.

Today, they outnumber those in
the heartland several times over.

The question is, how did they do it?

What was it that led
to such enormous growth?

I was told that one of the secrets
of Christianity's global success

had first taken place
in the jungles of Mexico.

The Spanish colonists tried to
destroy the old Mayan religion,

but they failed.

Instead, elements of it survived
with incredible consequences.

Here in Ek Balam,
I've come to find out how.

The villagers are celebrating
the beginning of the maize harvest.

But instead of a Catholic harvest
festival, it's a Mayan ceremony,

and the man in charge may be
a Catholic priest,

but he's also a Mayan shaman.

(PRAYS IN SPANISH)

(SPEAKS SPANISH)

(TRANSLATION) Every year,
when the first harvest is collected

we have to thank God
for what we have received.

That's why we have the altar here,

and then we take
the tender cooked corn,

and place it on the altar
to consecrate it to God.

(PRAYS IN SPANISH)

These people are Christians,

but they also like to invoke
a local power

to bring rain
and bless their harvest.

Its name is Chaac,
the same as the Mayan god

who once demanded human sacrifices
at Chichen Itza.

(SPEAKS SPANISH)

(TRANSLATION) Chaac is the power of
God. We can't actually see it,

but we know its name, Chaac,
which is a Mayan name.

What's going on now
is not a pagan survival,

but Christianity Mexican-style.

It's much like when Pope Gregory
wrote to Saint Augustine

in the sixth century during the
English conversion to Christianity.

He wrote, "Don't destroy
their religious traditions,

"simply adapt them to Christianity."
And it worked.

What happened then
founded western Christendom.

What's happening now
is part of a new Christendom.

The fact is, Christianity has never
been just a white man's religion.

If it had, it would never have been
ableto spread so far and so wide.

Its strength is its ability to
adapt to local circumstances.

For me, the best example is the
global popularity of Jesus' mother.

Although she lived
and died in Palestine,

visions of the Virgin Mary have
appeared all over the world -

in Asia, in Africa
and Latin America.

This, really, is why Christianity
began to make inroads,

here in Mexico.

It's a portrait of the Virgin Mary.

But if you look closely,
it's not the pale version

we're used to seeing in
European paintings of the day.

No, she's brown.

In fact she's called here
the "virgen morena" -

the Brown Virgin of Guadalupe.

And her cult is a classic example
of what happened

once Catholicism began
to take root here.

(TRANSLATION)
In Mexican religious history,

the Virgin of Guadalupe is
half Indian, half white,

or rather indigenous,

and therefore her face, and the way
the friars wanted to represent her,

they wanted to show a Virgin
close to the Mexican people,

a dark version, just like them, not a
blonde European one, but a dark one.

That's the main idea.

The Virgin appeared here and she
loves her people, her dark people.

The Brown Virgin of Guadalupe
is now the national saint of Mexico,

and there are hundreds of
other local cults

dedicated to the Virgin Mary

all over Latin America
and the developed world.

This intense emotional attachment
to the Virgin Mary

has been one of Christianity's
secret weapons

in its extraordinary growth
all over the world.

If you look at churches
in the provinces of Mexico,

they're packed...

They're packed with people
and masses and different rituals,

whereas in Europe you see
less and less participants.

The Spanish Conquest had
destroyed the local gods

and caused a devastating loss
of population,

but in this very
apocalyptic atmosphere,

Mexicans began to turn
to Christianity in large numbers.

The Indians saw their whole
world shaken completely,

and a new process had to begin.

The second or third generations,
disciples of the first missionaries,

were able to speak Spanish,

write the Latin alphabet and help
in the process of Christianisation.

But crucially,
the Mexicans refused to give up all

of their old religious traditions

and many were simply imported
into the new Christianity.

I would say that...

from the 1650s on,

we can speak of a hybrid...religion,

which was Christian,
but that had some rituals

of Indian origin,
purely pre-Hispanic.

By the middle of the 17th century,

through the military might of
the Spanish and Portuguese empires,

Christianity had spread throughout
Central and South America

and even to India.

Now it was the turn of another
continent to face the full force

of European colonialism,
the land of my ancestors - Africa.

When Europeans came face to face
with my ancestors' religion,

again, they saw only witchcraft,
superstition,

and the powers of darkness.

DRUMMING, SINGING

When they tried to convert them,

they did so in the context

of one of Christian Europe's
most shameful episodes -

the slave trade.

Although I was born in Britain,
I have traced my family story

back through the Caribbean
to Ghana in Africa.

When the Europeans first came
face-to-face with the home

of my ancestors they weren't
confronted by Mayan temples

or bloody human sacrifices, but
by the spirit world of the fetish.

Many of the indigenous religions
of Africa centred on a belief

that the world was full of spirits,
which could affect every aspect

of people's lives.

Many African villages

had their fetish priests, whose
role was to enter the spirit world.

Once there, they could take on
the powers of healing, prophecy

and spiritual warfare.

But when the Europeans first
encountered them,

they saw only witchcraft
and superstition.

They thought the local peoples
were nothing but primitive savages,

so began one of Christian
Europe's most shameful episodes,

the slave trade.

My ancestors were held in
slave forts like this

before being shipped
off to the Caribbean to be enslaved.

Once there, they were given
the religion of their slave master,

and much like me many years later,
taught that it was part of a huge

benevolent missionary effort.

And that, in fact, Christianity
was a Western religion.

In fact, there could be nothing
further from the truth.

Cape Coast Castle
was the headquarters

of the British slave trade in Africa
from the end of the 17th century.

The slavers kept hundreds
of Africans at a time

here in these dungeons.

Then they herded them at gunpoint

down these corridors
towards the ships.

That was just the start
of a horrific ordeal.

Up to a fifth of those who left
Africa died en route,

either through starvation, disease
or brutal violence.

The exact number of Africans

shipped overseas during
the slave trade is hotly debated.

Estimates range between
ten and 50 million.

The survivors not only
lost their freedom,

but their African identity as well.

Shockingly, this relic from
the slave trade, Cape Coast Castle,

was also the setting for
the beginnings

of the British missionary effort
in Africa.

I have here a copy of a letter
by

one of the first
missionaries to work in Ghana,

"I have taken the earliest
opportunity to acquaint you

"with the history of my journey.

"I got safe by God's peculiar grace

"to cape Coast Castle in Africa
after having undergone in the voyage

"a great deal of difficulties
and dangers."

What's interesting is that this

letter wasn't written by a European,
but by an African.

In fact, the first Black African
to be ordained as an Anglican priest

and a missionary.

His name was Philip Quaque,
and he's buried here in the castle.

He was the son of an African
who sold slaves to the British.

But when he was just 13,
he was sent to London

to be trained as a missionary.

He was ordained priest in 1766
and sent back to Africa to convert

his fellow Africans in
a chapel located directly
above the slave dungeons.

You know, he was an ordained priest

and how do you think that
he and the others as Christians

felt about this enterprise
that they were directly on top of?

They weren't even removed from it,
they were standing on top

while they were
praying to their god.

Yeah, to the best of my mind and
knowledge Philip Quaque was helpless,

he was the one black skin
amongst the whites

and he was trained by them so...

I imagine maybe he was brainwashed.

Let us pray,
almighty and everlasting God...

Today, it's easy to see how

doomed from the start
Quaque's mission was.

The Christianity he had been taught
was Western European, the religion

of 18th century England,
shorn by the Reformation

and the Enlightenment
of its popular spirituality,

its vitality, its raw energy.

This kind of religion bore
no relation to the world

of black Africa.

One God, now and forever. Amen.

By the time he died,

Quaque had converted just
a handful of his fellow Africans.

So, how do you think the people who
lived out side of Cape Coast castle

viewed Philip Quaque?

Having mingled yourself with
the white man who was selling

our own brothers and sisters
and not even

visiting us in the community
and a white wife on top of it.

Naturally, they saw him as a traitor.

When Quaque died in 1816
he was a broken man,

shunned by both communities.

The white slavers could not accept
this black priest

and the local community
couldn't understand

why he had given up
on the ways of old.

It was a miserable failure.

If Christianity was to take
root in places like Africa,

it would need to compete with
the local religions on equal terms.

There was no point in
Europeans imposing something

alien from the outside.

Anyway, all this talk about
bringing Christianity

to the dark continent was false.

It had already been here 1,000 years
before the first missionary arrived.

The true Christianity
arrived in Africa

2,500 miles away on the other coast.

When the European missionaries first
came to Africa,

they were faced with
an uncomfortable truth.

It wasn't the dark continent
they had imagined.

They weren't the first
Christians to come here.

On the other side of Africa,
is a land that successfully

resisted European colonialism
until the 20th century.

A country, Ethiopia,

that came into being long before
Spain or Portugal or Britain.

It is even mentioned
in the Bible itself.

I'm with a group of Christian
pilgrims

and we're on our way to
see an ancient religious festival,

part of one of the oldest
churches in the Christian world.

Founded over 1,600 years ago,

when Britain and most of Europe
languished in a pagan dark age.

We're about to investigate
the Ethiopian Orthodox church.

CHANTING

Here at Lalibela,
in the Ethiopian Highlands,

is one of the most extraordinary
religious sites in the world.

Carved out of the rock itself, they
call it the Jerusalem of Africa.

Oh, wow that's incredible!

If not slightly dangerous!

Oh, my days!

Look at that.

It's a whole underground city.

It's like...wow.

How old did you say this is?

Over 800 years ago it was excavated
at the end of the 12th century.

My word.

This should be one of the
wonders of the world, shouldn't it?

This isn't an uncivilized people
that have to have their religion

or someone else's religion
thrust upon them.

This is a structure to celebrate
their own expression.

This is their own
expression of Christ.

SINGING

The Ethiopian Orthodox church

was founded when
pagan emperors still ruled in Rome.

It is thought that Christianity

was brought here by monks from
Egypt in the fourth century.

But some Ethiopians claim that
their faith goes right

back to the Old Testament times
before Christianity even existed.

The Ethiopians even have their own
ancient manuscript tradition,

with perhaps the first ever
African alphabet.

Ethiopian Christianity is so old
that even its Bible is different.

When European scholars arrived
here in the 17th century,

they found books in this bible that
they had not even heard of,

perfectly preserved.

How old is this book?

820 years.

820 years. So it was
here when this church was built?

It's written in a most wonderful
and colourful script

as well as the illustrations.

How long did it take
to write this Bible?

It takes about eight years.

Many aspects of the Ethiopian church
are particular to this community.

You won't find them in any other
orthodox community across the world.

But though it may seem
strange to Western eyes,

it's a testament to the extreme age
of this African church.

Today, is the feast of St Michael,
and the ceremonies here demonstrate

an extraordinary facet
of Ethiopian Christianity,

its links with Judaism and the
ancient Jewish temple in Jerusalem.

At the heart of every
Ethiopian church is a sanctuary

where the public are never allowed.

Inside, protected by the priests,

are kept the most sacred objects
in the Ethiopian orthodox faith.

A few times every year,
they are carried in procession

on the heads of these priests,
covered with sacred cloths.

They are inscribed blocks of wood,
replicas of the tablets of stone

brought down by Moses
from Mount Sinai

as told in the Jewish Old Testament.

The Ethiopians practise
other Jewish customs too,

such as circumcision, and even
many of the Jewish dietary rules.

(TRANSLATION) Our religion stands
on three foundations.

The first is the command
of the holy spirit.

The second is the law of
the Old Testament,

and the third is the new law
of the New Testament.

Lalibela is not only famous
amongst modern Ethiopians,

but amongst people around the world.

It's the pride of our people
and as you have witnessed it,

you will be able to tell the story
better than we can.

It is a really holy day here.

People have walked for miles,
for months, just to get here

so that they can see the tablets

even though they are covered,
just to see the bishops,

just to be blessed on this day,
to kiss the walls of the churches.

It really is a very significant
and moving spiritual day.

Seeing a church as ancient,
and as African,

as this has been a truly
liberating experience for me too.

When my ancestors were enslaved by
the British they had their freedom,

their identity, their religion,
their names ripped from them.

I was born with the surname Roberts,

that of the last slave master
to own someone in my family.

When I discovered this,

I decided to trace
my ancestry back to Ghana

and reclaimed an ancestral name,

Kwame Kwei-Armah.

I wear this orthodox cross
to symbolise, for myself really,

that I can access Jesus
the revolutionary,

the protector
of the dispossessed,

through the lens of Africa
and not through my colonial masters

who often arrived with a bible
in one hand and a gun in the other.

The Ethiopian church has
been an inspiration
for millions of people,

not just in Africa,
but round the world.

Seeing Jesus through a non-European,
non-Western lens like this

has been the key to a
transformation in world Christianity

which is already
having seismic effects.

In a reversal of roles,
it's now Africa and not Europe

that is the powerhouse
of world Christianity.

And it's Britain,
formerly the biggest colonial power,

that is feeling it most.

Hallelujah!

Once called the Dark Continent,

Africa is now the global
powerhouse of Christianity.

It is the fastest-growing Christian
community anywhere in the world.

In 1900 there were just ten million
Christians here.

Today, a little over
a 100 years later,

there are more than 360 million.

Now those millions are
beginning to challenge

the Western Christian establishment.

And Britain's at
the heart of the storm.

The sheer numbers
and increasing power

of the African Anglican churches

have already begun to shake
the unity of the Anglican Communion.

In particular,
liberal Western attitudes

over issues like women priests
and homosexuality

have angered African Christians.

This practice makes
the whole Church seem

as if it's going against
the teachings of the Bible.

They brought Christianity to us.

Now it's our turn to
take Christianity to them.

But the real challenge is
not just about social values,

but about the faith itself.

And that's down to the kind
of Christianity Africans created

out of the turmoil
of the colonial experience.

Throughout this journey I've been
constantly amazed at how people

abandon beliefs that have
dominated their lives for centuries

for this new religion, born out
of a small place in the Middle East,

2,000 years ago.

Why has Christianity been
so spectacularly successful?

And why is it growing so quickly?

Here in this small Ghanaian village,
we can get a glimpse

of how the global
Christian explosion took place.

In 1922, a charismatic African
preacher called Joseph Appiah

was expelled from
the Methodist Church

because he insisted on
playing African drums.

But he didn't give up.

He set up his own church.

So what would you say was
the main differences

between the mainstream
Methodist church and your own?

(PRAYS)

Whereas before they might have
turned to a fetish priest,

Joseph Appiah and his congregation
nowsaw the power

of the Christian Holy Spirit

as a means to bring healing
and help cast out evil spirits.

MAN CHANTS, CONGREGATION RESPONDS

(PRAYS)

Did the establishment
see this healing and these drums

as maybe the African Christians
going back to a former fetishism?

Churches like this
sprang up all over Africa

during the colonial period.

These African independent churches

confronted the spirit world
directly,

and it was they who kick-started

the spectacular growth
of Christianity in Africa.

The promise that Jesus is your
personal saviour is a universal one.

But the real secret of
Christianity's global success

is that it still allows people
to hold on to their own culture.

It means you can turn Christianity
into your own religion.

After independence
in the 1950s and '60s,

the peoples of the former
European colonies in Africa

had a difficult history,
full of plagues, famines and wars.

But when they read their Bibles,

they saw their own lives
played out in its pages.

For them the Bible is not describing
an alien, ancient world,

it's describing their lives, now.

# Read your Bible, pray every day

# Pray every day, pray every day

# Read your Bible, pray every day

# If you want to go... #

There are hundreds of different
churches in Africa

and moreare being added every day.

In fact, it's the fastest-growing
Christian community in the world.

Every 30 years, it doubles.

In fact, by 2050,
there will be more Christians

in Latin America, Africa and Asia
than Europe and America combined.

That means the West's stranglehold
on Christianity

will have been broken, and a new
Christendom will have arisen.

CLAPPING, SHOUTING

This new Christendom
is very different

from what we're used to in Europe.

It's not something that is
at the margins of society.

Here, Christianity is a core part
of daily life -

something that affects
everything people do,

that quite literally
takes them over.

In terms of sheer numbers,

the most spectacular growth is found
in charismatic Pentecostal churches.

They now account for one quarter
of all Christians worldwide.

One of the biggest in Ghana

is the Christian Action
Faith Ministry in Accra.

Spiritual warfare dominates
the ministry of this church.

Powered by the Holy Spirit,
exorcisms deliver believers

from the power of evil spirits.

You are able to empower
your spirit man and then

we are able to obtain from God
things you can't get physically.

I have had instant healing
several times.

Healing is at the heart of it.

Like the older independent churches,
Pentecostal churches engage directly

with the spirit world.

This couldn't be more different

from the sedate churches
of the Western missionaries.

And this kind of
biblical Pentecostalism

is not just confined to Africa.

It is rapidly spreading
all over the globe,

in Asia, in America,
and in Europe too.

This is the future
of global Christianity.

For Pentecostals, the power of
the Holy Spirit is fundamental,

and it's something they believe
we in the West no longer have.

(SCREAMS)

(SHOUTS)

This has truly been a revolution of
global proportions.

For ever and ever.

Amen.

For 2,000 years, Europe has had
a stranglehold on Christianity.

When Europeans began to create
new empires overseas

they took their Christianity
with them,

often brutally forcing
their subjected peoples to convert.

But it didn't work.

Christianity only became
a global religion

when local peoples took control of
it and made it their own.

And today these new Christians have
harnessed a powerful spiritual force

which many churches in
the West have abandoned.

No longer does Europe
control the faith.

The Western dominance of
the Christian world is broken.

Today a new Christendom has emerged,
based in the developing world,

and these new Christians believe it
is Europe that now needs converting

to the true faith.

It's not just an African issue.

Churches in Latin America and Asia
seemingly share the same worldview,

that Europe
is now the Dark Continent,

a place where Christianity is
a shadow of its former self.

The missionary boot
is on the other foot.

Have faith in God and continue
to read the Bible.

You will see the power of God
in your life emerge.

# Read your Bible, pray every day,
pray every day... #

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