All language subtitles for B.W.S01E08.Venom.and.Poison.1080p.AMZN.WEB-DL.DD2.0.H.264-playWEB_track3_[eng]

I'm Coyote Peterson.

What I have in my hand right
here is a forest scorpion.

Down here in this pocket of
water, a bunch of California

newts.

Hold on, let me see if I
can catch one real quick.

There we go.

Fantastic.

All right, now that I have
both of these little creatures,

let's talk about the differences
between venom and poison.

Welcome back, coyote pack.

Thanks for joining me
out here on location

in northern California.

Now a lot of you have written
in with the question, Coyote,

what is the difference
between venom and poison?

And that's a really
great question.

Now the first major difference
is in the delivery method.

When it comes to venom,
it has to be injected.

When we're talking about
poison, it has to be absorbed.

Now the way that you can
be injected with venom

is either through a stinger,
or a set of fangs, or a barb.

Now when we're
talking about poison,

it has to actually be
absorbed into the body.

This can happen in
a variety of ways.

It can either be ingested,
like through your mouth,

inhaled, like into
your lungs, or absorbed

with application to the skin,
like poison ivy for example.

So what I'm holding here
is a forest scorpion.

This is a perfect example
of a venomous animal.

And in this hand,
I have a California

newt, which is a great
example of a poisonous animal.

Now the second difference
between venom and poison

is how it's used and
what it's used for.

Now venom for example, is
usually used by predators

to kill their prey, whereas
poison is used by prey

to help deter predators.

First, let's talk about
the forest scorpion.

This is a great example
of a venomous animal.

Now the way that the scorpion
catches and kills its prey

is through a venom
injecting stinger.

What they do is
grab onto their prey

with these front
pedipalps, and then wap!

They sting the prey,
venom is injected,

eventually it dies, and
then they have their meal.

Now when we're
talking about poison,

it's usually used by
plants and animals

to help deter predators.

For example, this
California newt--

you see that real bright
coloration on his underside?

This bright coloration warns
predators that if you eat me,

I'm packed full of
poison and there's

a good chance that I'm the last
meal you're ever going to have.

And of course, these
are generalities

and there are going
to be exceptions that

break these general guidelines.

For example, there's a
frog that lives in Brazil

that has a venomous spine.

This frog is now using
venom instead of poison

to deter predation.

That was a great question,
and one that we've been

wanting to answer for a while.

So hopefully now you
know a little bit

about the differences
between venom and poison.

I'm Coyote Peterson,
be brave, stay wild,

we'll see on the next adventure.

I'm Coyote Peterson,
and today we're

getting hands on with
one of the most poisonous

animals in the United States.

And of course, I'm
talking about newts.

When most people
think of California,

the imagery of sunshine and
beaches probably comes to mind.

However, when it comes to the
force of Northern California,

the sand is replaced
by enormous prehistoric

looking trees and the
ocean's mighty waves

become an intricate maze
of battling streams.

San Mateo County
boasts some of the most

beautiful and seriously
epic forestscapes

in the Pacific Northwest.

And if you navigate your
way down into the ravines,

you will find a thriving
ecosystem so diverse

that flipping a
single trail side rock

may get you up close
with a stealthy predator.

Now what you're looking at right
there is the forest scorpion,

one of the most common
scorpion species

that you'll find here in the
forests of Northern California.

It seems that no
matter where I go,

the scorpions are
right there with me.

But not everything in the
forest is equipped with pinchers

and a venom injecting stinger.

Flip over the right
rock, and you might just

find a cute little
creature that tops

the charts as quite possibly
the most adorable amphibian

in California.

Holy moly, look at that.

Is that a newt?

Nope, that is not.

That is actually a newt mimic.

It is an Ensatina.

You can see how it
looks like a newt

with the dark upper body
and the orange underside,

also poisonous, and if you
handle this little amphibian

too much they will secrete a
white poison from their skin.

But look how cute that
little guy is, just

another one of the
salamander species

you can find here in the
forests of Northern California.

All right, let's put
him back under his rock

and see if we can find
some of his bigger cousins.

The forest was alive
with salamanders,

and we were even lucky
enough to encounter

the arboreal salamander, which
is usually only found high

up in the trees, and the larva
stage of a giant salamander,

who was happily
submerged and breathing

with an elaborate set of gills.

This terrain's rather
difficult to navigate

I'm sure it's not
easy for you Mark,

filming me as we're walking.

Every one of these rocks
has these rounded edges.

That's what we call an
ankle breaker right there.

All right, just watch your
step coming across this.

However, the real encounter
we were looking to have

was with one of the most
toxic amphibians in the United

States, the California newt.

And as we quickly
navigated downstream,

we eventually came upon a
pocket of water that was

absolutely swimming with them.

Holy cow, look at them all!

There must be 40 or
50 of them in there.

OK, this looks like the
perfect opportunity for me

to get some of these
toxic little amphibians

up close to the camera.

All right, now the reason
that I'm taking off my boots

is so that I don't
accidentally step

on one of these fragile
little amphibians.

Oh, that water is cold!

Wow, they are quick and
they're swimming all over.

Wow, look at that.

I'm kind of herding them
all in one direction,

but as soon as you get close
they dart off to the corners

to get under the rocks.

Got one.

Oh, here's a big one right here.

Ready?

One, two, three, got it!

There we go.

Here we go, coming
right towards you.

Four, five.

I think that's
probably enough to get

up close for the cameras.

All right, let's get up here on
shore and take a closer look.

Oh, that water is
absolutely freezing.

Look at that.

How adorable are
those little newts?

They're a lot stronger
than you would think.

There we go.

That's what we call a
handful a newt right there.

I got them all calmed
down now, and if you

take a real good look
there the top of their body

is very dark in
coloration and also rough.

That helps them stay camouflaged
in this forest environment.

Now the California newt goes
through multiple life stages,

from egg, to larva,
to adult stage.

And these ones right here
are in the adult stage,

living a mostly aquatic life.

Now they do breathe
air, and we've

seen them coming up to the
surface, taking a gulp,

and then diving back down.

They can stay underwater for
a considerable amount of time,

but like all animals
that breathe air,

they have to come out of
the water at some point.

Now at the beginning
of the episode,

I told you that I was going
to be handling one of the most

poisonous animals in
the United States,

which in fact these newts are.

However, I don't have to
worry about that poison

by just handling
them, I actually

have to physically eat
one of these newts for it

to cause me any harm.

Now scientists have
done research and found

that just a single newt contains
enough neurotoxin to kill

almost 1,500 lab rats.

That's insane how toxic
these little guys are.

Now let's say a predator
comes into this environment

and doesn't know any better
when it comes to eating newts.

If this newt feels extremely
threatened, what it will do

is actually turn its head up
in the air to expose its chin,

and they will bend
their tail to expose

this bright orange
coloration on the underside.

Now most animals
that are poisonous

have some sort of bright
coloration to warn predators,

don't eat me, because
if you do it may

be the last meal you ever have.

Hiking throughout the
course of the day,

I've literally seen hundreds
of these California newts.

Just in this pocket of
water alone, easily over 50,

which tells me two things.

One, that this ecosystem is
incredibly healthy, and two,

that the California newt
is certainly thriving

here on the West Coast.

I'm Coyote Peterson,
be brave, stay wild.

We'll see you on
the next adventure.

I can never recommend
getting hands

on with any poisonous
plant or animal.

However, if you do head out
to the forests of Northern

California, capture,
and handle a newt,

just make sure to wash
your hands soon after.

As long as you don't need any
newts, you will be just fine.

Oh, that's a big spider.

There you go, go ahead and
sit down leaf right there.

Oh, no it's not!

Look out!

Look out!

Look out Far beneath the dense
canopy of the Costa Rican

rainforest, a plethora
of toxic creatures

hide amongst the
foliage and shadows.

From hopping poisonous frogs
to slithering venomous snakes,

these so-called
biological landmines

can frequently be
encountered in almost

any stretch of wilderness.

Tonight we are back exploring
the 140 acre expanse

of the Costa Rican amphibian
research reserve, where

the crew and I are on the search
for one of Central America's

most dangerous arachnids.

However, before we
could even begin

to look for eight
legged creatures,

we stumbled upon the rainforest
most infamous pit viper.

Well guys, one of the most
common terms you hear me say

is biological landmine.

We haven't been out for
more than 15 minutes tonight

and already we've
come across one

of the most toxic
snakes in all of Central

America, the fer-de-lance.

It's right there.

But tonight's episode is
all about these biological

landmines, so it's
just coincidence

that we came across this
small one right now.

All right Mark, just crouch
down real slowly there.

You can see it's right in the
middle of the walking trail.

You
can barely see it.

It is
perfectly camouflaged,

we almost stepped right on it.

You can see it staying
completely still right now,

and look at that camouflage.

This speckled leaf
like patterning

allows it to perfectly
blend in to these leaves

and all of this dark mud.

I'm not even sure--
like I got a shot of you

and a shot of it, I'm not
even sure people can see where

it is it's so camoflauged.
- Oh, yeah.

Well actually,
that's a good thing.

Why don't you kind of give
a general view of this area

and let people try to
pick it out on screen.

Can you guys see
the fer-de-lance?

Is it there?

No.

Is it there?

No.

Oh.

Now this is
the state-- oh careful, Mark.

Careful, careful.

There we go, check that out.

Now this snake is
no stranger to us.

We come across fer-de-lance
almost every time

we are out here in the
rainforest of Costa Rica.

And I would say this one's
small to medium size,

we certainly come across some
that are much larger than this.

And this snake is
responsible for more

deaths than any
other species here

in Central and South America.

All right, let's let
the snake go and see

if we can find some of
those creepy arachnids.

All right, you ready?

Bye-bye.

Encountering snakes is all
about being in the right place

at the right time.

But when it comes to
encountering creepy crawlies,

these encounters usually happen
when you least expect them.

Oh, is
this that cabin?

Yeah.

Oh.

There's some interesting
looking spiders.

That right there,
that's a fishing spider.

That is a wandering spider.

How do you know this?

You can
tell by the distinct stripe

that's going right down the
center of its back there.

So that's
what we're looking for,

just a little small.

Yeah,
it's a little small.

We want something
much bigger than that.

All right, let's search around
the outside of this building.

I feel that we're close.

Oh, a scorpion.

There's a scorpion
back here in the thing.

Oh.

Yeah, there's
a scorpion right back in there,

you see it?

Oh, yeah.
Look at that.

Let me see if I can--
Tickle it out?

Yeah,
let me see if I can.

Oh!

There it is.

Here we go.

He feels real
comfortable on that leaf.

Check that out.

Yet another one of the
Costa Rican rainforest's

biological landmines.

How
dangerous is a scorpion?

They vary.

This appears to be some
variety of bark scorpion based

on its narrow front pinchers.

But I do not know how
potent the venom is,

so I certainly do not want to
be stung by any species that

I cannot properly identify.

Pretty good sized one too,
if it is a bark scorpion.

Look at that stinger, you see it
just in between my glove there?

A black tip stinger.

Yeah.

All right, let's place
the scorpion back up

on the side of this old
shed and keep searching

for the wandering spider.

It was turning into a night
of biological landmines.

And while we came upon several
different spider species,

each one more creepy
than the last,

our target was
yet to be located.

So we continued into
the night and headed

toward a small jungle pond
that was likely to have

a world of creatures around it.

Upon our arrival, all
it took was scanning

the overhanging tree limbs.

And before we knew it, the
rainforest most dangerous eight

legged predator
was in our sights.

Is that one?

Hold
on, let me check Oh, man.

Boy, that's a big spider.

Is it one?

Oh boy.

It's on to us.

Look through there, can
you see the red undersides

of it's legs?

OK, I'm
going to back up.

It's
really wedged in there.

How about that?

Let
me see if I can see

the spider through the leaf.

OK, let me see if I can grab it.

Keep watching
the spider right?

Yeah.

OK, I got a leaf.

I don't know if I
have the spider.

There you go.

Go ahead, set down
the leaf right there.

Let me see the capsule.

OK.

You guys got OK shots, right?

Yep.

You didn't see it run out of
there when I grabbed the leaf?

I did not.

So there's
webbing all over that,

I think that's it's
permanent residence.

Probably don't
want to destroy it.

I see it.

It's right in here.

Which one?

It's
right in this leaf right

here, this main stretch.

What's
the game plan here?

I am going to put

the end of the capsule
right like this,

and I'm going to
gently try to coax it

backwards into the container.

Wait, where's the lid?

Here's the lid.

I don't have
gloves, so you're on your own.

Yeah,
everybody got a good shot?

Yeah.

OK, it was just in there.

It's in.

Oh!

No it's not!

Hold on, nobody move.

Look out, look out!

Back, back, back!

See how they jump?

Got it.

Oh!

That was a little nerve racking.

Wow.

Talk about one fierce
looking spider.

OK, let's back away
from this watery area.

What I'm going to do is
actually place the leaf back up

in the tree so we can
just put the spider

right back up into the tree.

OK?

Here we go.

Oh man, my hands are shaking.

All right, where do
you want to do the scene at?

I say we go
down to the jungle research hut

and get this spider up
close for the cameras.

It's the most controlled
situation we could be in.

That takes a lot of nerves,
a lot of nerves guys.

Oh, man.

That was definitely one
of the most nerve wracking

catches of my entire career.

I couldn't believe that,
when I tried to get it

into the capsule
and it sprang out

and it came straight
towards you guys?

It was
like a lightning bolt.

Yeah.

That is why we pay respect
to the wandering spider.

Let me take off my
pack here and get

a little bit more comfortable.

I'm not going to need
the pack for this scene.

I'm going to take
off these gloves.

And I was wearing the
gloves because I was afraid

that if the spider
leapt out of the tree,

it may land on my
hand and inflict

one very, very painful bite.

Here we go guys.

Now we have been to
Costa Rica many times,

and this is by a
landmine, number one.

You always see them
hanging up in the trees,

climbing up the
trunks of the trees,

running across the jungle floor.

The wandering spider is
quite possibly the most

dangerous arachnid
we could come across

out here in the rainforest.

Now when I say
wandering spider, that's

a generalization for
any spider species

that's just crawling around out
there on the rainforest floor.

But there are actually
eight cataloged species

of Brazilian wandering spider,
and I do believe that this

is the Costa Rican variety.

And the way that I can
identify it as such

is the quintessential
red linings

on the undersides of the legs.

Let me tip it up and see if
you can see that there, Mark.

Look at those red legs.

Now what this spider will
do if it feels threatened

by any potential
predator, is it will

rear up like this
on its back legs,

revealing that red coloration.

Now, aposematic, right?

Telling you that I
am very venomous.

Now, if the red coloration
doesn't warn you to walk away,

you're going to be bitten
by 2 massive things that

are armed with huge venom sacs.

Wow.

Yeah.

Look at
it looking at you.

It's intimidating.

I mean it doesn't
need to be scattering

around inside of this
container to know

that it's extremely toxic.

And you may be asking
yourself, well Coyote,

are you going to
free hold this spider

like you did the black widow?

No way guys, the bite from
this is so much worse.

This is probably the
only spider species

that I've ever encountered
thus far that really, really,

really makes me nervous.

And you look at this, you're
thinking well it's just

kind of a big fuzzy spider.

And I know some people have a
horrible case of arachnophobia,

and right now you're shaking
in your seat thinking

to yourselves,
Coyote, how are you

possibly holding this thing?

But it is a creature that we
do respect and we do love.

And it is out here just doing
its thing, hunting for bugs,

hunting for small frogs.

This spider is actually large
enough where it can even

take down some small mammals.

That has one incredible
predator right there.

You
remember that time

that we were in Osa
Peninsula and you actually

put your hand right by one?

I do.

I believe that was the
eyelash viper video.

And somebody actually wrote
in the comments section

on YouTube, it said,
Coyote, you're aware that

was a wandering spider, right?

So we immediately looked it
up, and we were like, oh, yeah.

Only the most dangerous spider
in the area, and my hand

was literally inches from it.

And as you guys can
see from earlier,

they are capable of jumping.

That's what makes them,
in my opinion, so scary.

Now they're primarily
nocturnal, so during the day

they're hiding underneath
old rotting boards,

in between leaves,
up in the canopy.

And one way that people often
come across these spiders

is because they're constantly
found in residential areas

during the day.

They may even come into your
house, or hide in your boot,

hide in your sheets,
anywhere that this spider can

find a place to
hide and stay out

of the daylight is fair game.

So you have to be
extremely careful.

It's why we always
tell you, especially

when you're in the rainforest,
to check your boots

before you put them on.

Because overnight,
a wandering spider

could have crawled inside.

And trust me, the one thing
you don't want to happen

is put your foot into
your boot and you

get a bite from this spider.

Now at full size,
this spider can be

about six inches in diameter.

This one here is
about four inches

from the tip of its longest
leg to the other tip

of its longest leg.

Let me hold it up for you
like that, you see that?

Put my hand up next to it, kind
of give you some reference.

Oh, that's a pretty
big spider right there.

Well I would definitely say that
it was one successful evening

when it came to
coming across many

of the biological
landmines that we see here

in the Costa Rican rainforest.

And nothing could have
topped it off better than

this enormous wandering spider.

I'm Coyote Peterson,
be brave, stay wild.

We'll see on the next adventure.

The crew and I have
encountered many spider species

over the course of our
travels, some of which

I've even been brave enough
to handle despite the risk

of their toxic bite.

However, when it comes
to the wandering spider

there is no question about it.

This is the most
dangerous arachnid

I have ever worked with.

So if you find yourself in
Central or South America

and you stumble upon one
of these large predatory

arachnids, do your absolute
best to stay safe distance

from this biological
landmine, because its bite

is without question something
you never want to experience.

It's on the backside
of the leaf.

You see that?

I'm going to gently
place it like that.

Mission complete.