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This is a CNBC original.
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In this episode of American Greed. Dr.
Stokes, your reaction tonight?
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Dr. Robert Stokes.
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People call them greedy.
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People call them arrogant.
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A dermatologist obsessed with the bottom
line.
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I think he just was like trying to get
every last penny.
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He steals patients' money and reuses
medical supplies.
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Patients are put in danger.
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I feel like he physically attacked me.
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And now you're telling me that there's a
possibility that I've been exposed to
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hepatitis? For patients of Dr. Robert
Stokes, what some have called the dirty
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doctor. All so Dr.
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Stokes can make more money.
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You're nothing but a paycheck.
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And later, Darlene Wooten and Charlene
Corley, twin sisters,
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amassing a fortune in defense contracts.
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There was no reason to doubt.
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that they had succeeded in living the
American dream.
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But behind the scenes, things are not as
they seem.
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They were stealing this money from our
Department of Defense and from our
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government.
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The money is taxpayer money. It's our
money.
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It's a story that will ultimately end in
disgrace and death.
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We're all going to have to answer to
what we've done, and I'm sure they've
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lot to answer to.
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In Grand Rapids, Michigan, along a busy
street, there's an ordinary
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office building housing a dermatologist,
Dr. Robert Stokes.
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Few people have any reason to suspect
that behind these walls, the good doctor
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is perpetrating a massive fraud and that
he's doing it literally on the backs of
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his patients.
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In hindsight, you have all kinds of...
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Things that, oh, that was a red flag.
Why didn't I notice that?
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In June 2006, Melissa Wedberg starts
going to Dr. Robert Stokes for adult
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One night, while getting ready for bed,
she sees something new on her skin.
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And I noticed a small mole on my chest.
And I'd never seen it before. It was
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small like a freckle. And I thought, oh,
well, since I'm going to the
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dermatologist tomorrow, I'll ask about
that.
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The next morning, Dr. Stokes takes a
look at the mold.
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And he said, that's got to come off.
That's got to come off right away.
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The tone of his voice was alarming.
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Dr. Stokes cuts off the mold and sends
it out for biopsy.
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One week later, the results are in.
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Melissa has skin cancer.
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Oh, I was 26 years old. I was completely
shocked.
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I mean, I was freaked out. I thought,
this is crazy. What do you mean, cancer?
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Skin cancer? I mean...
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I'm too young.
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Dr. Stokes tells Melissa she needs to
come back for more extensive surgery to
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make sure the cancer is gone.
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One week later, she's back in his
office.
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He came in, and he was really abrupt.
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He just came in, he started cutting, but
it was just like, okay, I'm here, let's
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get this procedure done.
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Melissa describes the procedure as
violent.
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At times during the surgery, she's
brought to tears.
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Fortunately, she has a friend at her
side to soothe her.
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My girlfriend was at the end of the
table, and she was kind of rubbing my
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just trying to keep me calm.
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And it was summer in Michigan, so I had
flip -flops on, and I had this little
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freckle on my third toe.
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And Nicole says, uh -oh, we better have
this taken off, too. She's joking,
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trying to lighten the mood. And then the
doctor says...
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Oh, that's got to come off. Schedule her
to have that off and schedule a
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subcutaneous exam. We need to examine
your whole body.
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So I'm like, you've got to be kidding
me. I mean, that's a freckle.
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After about 20 minutes, the surgery is
complete, and Dr. Stokes begins to sew
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the wound.
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I mean, I felt like I was being yanked
on the table.
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That was the moment when I just knew
something was off.
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So he quick stitched me up, and he left
the room.
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And we paid the copay, and we left, and
we walked out of the office.
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I just, I didn't feel right. I felt
uneasy. I just had a bad taste in my
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In pain, bleeding, and in need of
company, Melissa asks her friend to join
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for lunch.
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At a restaurant, her friend picks up a
newspaper.
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She gets this, like, look of panic, and
she walks over to me with the newspaper
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in her hand.
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And I look at the newspaper, and the
front page of the Grand Rapids Press
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that day says, Dermatologist Indicted on
Healthcare Fraud.
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And it was him.
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And I thought, you're kidding. I mean,
I'm standing here with an open wound on
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my chest.
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This doctor's on the front page of the
Grand Rapids Press for healthcare fraud?
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You were indicted in federal court.
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And today, at 9 a .m., you're operating
on me with a scalpel.
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The situation demands a second opinion.
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And just as Melissa fears, her new
dermatologist says she never had cancer.
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And the surgery performed by Dr. Stokes
was unnecessary.
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Melissa Wedberg is one of the last among
hundreds of victims of Dr. Robert
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Stokes.
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It's a story of botched surgeries,
billing fraud, and, his patients say,
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treating them like little more than a
paycheck.
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It was like I never existed. I was just
simply something that was there like a
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slab of meat to have a chunk taken off.
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I went in there, in and out the door
like a piece of lumber.
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Greg Anderson is in charge of fraud
investigations for Blue Cross and Blue
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Shield of Michigan.
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In 2001, the company's fraud hotline
begins receiving tips from patients of
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Stokes.
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Patients have examined their benefit
statements.
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They believe Dr.
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Stokes has charged Blue Cross Blue
Shield for services the doctor did not
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perform.
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Dr. Stokes certainly isn't the largest
dollar volume fraud case we've had,
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but in my experience, it's probably the
most egregious disregard.
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for the safety of patients.
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As Anderson will later learn, Dr. Stokes
is performing unnecessary surgeries.
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Bob May starts seeing Dr. Stokes for
skin cancer in 2001.
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It started off monthly, and then
biweekly, and then it was weekly.
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May is surprised by how often he's
diagnosed with skin cancer, but he has
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in the doctor. His life, it seems, is in
Stokes' hands.
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You just put your trust in them and you
don't know what you've got because
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you're not, at least in my case, I guess
I wasn't smart enough to go get another
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opinion.
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Each visit, Dr.
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Stokes cuts out lesions that he says are
cancerous.
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My wife and I tried to figure out, we
are sure that I've probably had a couple
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thousand done.
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Every one of those spots is something
that's been done and then redone to the
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point that my skin now is to the point
there's just no elastic to it anymore
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that I have to constantly use some kind
of a Medicaid cream to keep the skin
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because he cut so much of it away.
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Stokes' patients believe he's performing
unnecessary procedures, billing for
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surgeries he didn't perform.
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and also double -dipping, billing
insurance companies twice for one
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It affords him a luxurious life.
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He lives in a five -bedroom, eight -bath
mansion on the shores of Reed's Lake,
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one of Grand Rapids' most exclusive
neighborhoods.
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The house has an indoor pool, a solarium
with glass imported from England, and a
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photography studio.
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It was once on the market for $7 .7
million, the highest asking price in the
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history of the county.
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I think this is one of the biggest
examples of pure greed to put money in
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pocket. When American greed returns,
this isn't just a case of stealing from
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insurance companies.
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Greed causes Stokes to cut corners and
reuse syringes and sutures, putting
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in jeopardy.
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And now you're telling me that there's a
possibility that I've been exposed to
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hepatitis?
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In my mind, he's sick.
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In Grand Rapids, Michigan, Dr. Robert
Stokes enjoys the good life in his Tudor
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-style mansion.
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It sits atop a hill overlooking a lake.
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Inside, there's a pool, a billiard room,
and a kitchen with a custom -made
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pastry oven from Germany.
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This lifestyle is bankrolled by an
extremely lucrative dermatology
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But Dr.
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Stokes' business is steeped in fraud.
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He builds insurance companies for
operations that he never performed.
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And he puts his patients through the
pain of unnecessary procedures.
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For patients of Dr. Robert Stokes, what
some have called the dirty doctor. Dr.
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Stokes faces a mountain of charges.
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Additional complaints filed with the
state against Stokes. All because he
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medical equipment that was supposed to
be disposed of. Brian Sterling covers
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story for NBC affiliate Wood TV 8.
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He obviously had a scheme going in which
he was using fear as a manipulative
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tool to get these people to spend more
money with him, to spend more time. Yet
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another procedure, another test, over
and over and over again, all the time,
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patient's wondering, what's wrong with
me?
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To top it all off, many patients
described Stokes' bedside manner as
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He was acting very agitated. He started
swearing, and I asked him, you know,
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what the problem was.
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In March 2006, Deborah Janney asked Dr.
Stokes to remove a benign cyst from her
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wrist. The operation is supposed to take
an hour, tops.
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But midway into the procedure, Dr.
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Stokes gets surly.
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Oh, at one point he's like, God, and
then he said hell one time. He's barking
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at his nurses.
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The supposedly one -hour operation takes
three hours.
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I kept asking, well, what's the problem?
Why are you having so much difficulty?
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Why are you swearing?
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Why are you so angry?
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Later that night, Jannie says her wound
is painful and looks infected.
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The bruising had just kept going up
higher and higher.
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It's bad enough that her husband snaps
these pictures.
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The way it was stitched up, it looked
like a little kid had been knitting with
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it or sewing with it.
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The infection gets worse, Jannie says.
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And Dr. Stokes prescribes an antibiotic
regimen.
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But here the doctor pulls a dirty trick.
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He bills both Deborah and her insurance
carrier as though the infection were
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caused by something external to the
surgery. When in fact, Jannie believes
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infection was caused by the surgery
itself.
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She is outraged that Stokes is charging
her for a condition that he caused.
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Very, very angry.
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Very angry.
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Deborah confronts the doctor at his
office.
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Both of our voices were very loud.
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And he just kept saying that you're
going to have to pay the money. It's an
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infection now. I kept saying, but the
infection was due to your surgery.
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And he would not come to terms with us.
I could not believe he was
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getting by with us.
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Horror stories abound.
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Richard Ganoudis says Stokes has him
come to the office multiple times for
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procedures that his new doctor would
have taken care of in one visit.
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This spot right here is the one that he
said would never heal.
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There's a scar here from one of them.
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For example, if four lesions are
believed to be cancerous, most
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take out all four in one visit.
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You see the length of that one and that
one there.
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That's considered best practice, even
though the doctor earns marginally less.
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You would be paid a full removal of the
first lesion, and then you would be paid
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a lower amount for removing the second,
third, and fourth lesion at that time.
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Dr. Stokes, on the other hand, strings
the patient out over four separate
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visits, maximizing his profits.
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By bringing the people back, each time
he was able to bill for the full amount
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of the surgery.
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totally disregarding the safety of the
patient, the inconvenience to the
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patient, the risk of infection and
everything else to that patient, just
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sake of putting money in his pocket.
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By 2001, Greg Anderson with Blue Cross
Blue Shield of Michigan joins forces
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the FBI and the U .S. Attorney's Office.
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They interview dozens of patients and
ultimately get a search warrant to seize
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records at Dr. Stokes' office.
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We were able to...
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pretty easily established that at least
40 % of his practice was fraudulent in
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nature. And it certainly could have been
greater.
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The investigation shows that Dr. Stokes
stole at least $1 .9 million from
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insurance companies, Medicare, and
patients.
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On August 28, 2006, Stokes is arraigned
in federal court on 72 felony counts of
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health care fraud.
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The next morning...
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He operates on Melissa Wedberg.
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I just thought, wait a minute, why isn't
he in jail pending his trial? Why isn't
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he, his medical license on hold pending
his trial? I couldn't understand why no
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one had stabbed him earlier.
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And I asked that question to the
prosecutor probably a hundred times.
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But then the FBI makes a discovery that
will shut Stokes down for good.
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00:14:57,829 --> 00:15:01,679
Investigators obtain a videotape Dr.
Stokes made of some of his operations,
231
00:15:02,070 --> 00:15:03,710
hoping to exonerate himself.
232
00:15:04,110 --> 00:15:05,630
It does just the opposite.
233
00:15:06,490 --> 00:15:11,110
On the tape, it appears Stokes is
reusing sutures.
234
00:15:11,490 --> 00:15:15,510
Sutures are packaged with about 18
inches of thread attached to the needle.
235
00:15:16,150 --> 00:15:22,029
Dr. Stokes, it appears, sews up one
patient. He then cuts off the unused
236
00:15:22,030 --> 00:15:25,230
of the thread, the part that has already
passed through skin.
237
00:15:26,290 --> 00:15:28,870
and reused it on another patient.
238
00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:31,310
It just made me sick.
239
00:15:31,750 --> 00:15:37,469
Just to think, oh, my goodness. Then I
flashback and think the times I did have
240
00:15:37,470 --> 00:15:42,650
to have a few sutures because he had
done one over my eye and done it in my
241
00:15:42,730 --> 00:15:45,110
I said, my goodness, what have I gotten?
242
00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:52,629
Sutures are like the most inexpensive
medical equipment you can come by. I
243
00:15:52,630 --> 00:15:57,719
mean... So this made me think, if you're
reusing sutures, what else are you
244
00:15:57,720 --> 00:16:03,459
reusing? At the local health department,
Director Kathy Rayefsky believes the
245
00:16:03,460 --> 00:16:07,919
reuse of sutures and syringes puts
patients at risk of life -threatening
246
00:16:07,920 --> 00:16:12,740
illnesses, including hepatitis B,
hepatitis C, and HIV.
247
00:16:13,940 --> 00:16:19,300
The risk of transmission we felt was
very low, but it wasn't zero.
248
00:16:20,250 --> 00:16:26,549
And frankly, if you're the one person
who is not the zero, it's pretty serious
249
00:16:26,550 --> 00:16:29,690
for you. So it was important that we
notify people.
250
00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:37,269
Letters go out to 13 ,000 patients,
warning them to get tested for hepatitis
251
00:16:37,270 --> 00:16:42,470
HIV. The local media is put on alert.
252
00:16:42,471 --> 00:16:48,159
As the health department opens their
emergency call -in center for concerned
253
00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:51,920
patients... Some people are, to be
honest, hysterical.
254
00:16:52,540 --> 00:16:56,120
There were people that were very scared
about the unknown.
255
00:16:56,320 --> 00:16:59,270
They didn't know what they had, if they
had anything at all.
256
00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:04,259
You really stop and take a minute to
think about it, and it's like, this
257
00:17:04,260 --> 00:17:08,920
really happen. I could get aids from
this, from what this guy did.
258
00:17:09,240 --> 00:17:11,920
It had to be just so traumatic to folks.
259
00:17:12,589 --> 00:17:18,029
to realize that they could have a life
-threatening disease put into them by
260
00:17:18,030 --> 00:17:20,490
someone that was just purely out for
money.
261
00:17:22,089 --> 00:17:23,139
Unbelievable.
262
00:17:23,869 --> 00:17:29,170
When American greed returns, thousands
of patients undergo frightening tests.
263
00:17:30,330 --> 00:17:31,990
But Dr.
264
00:17:32,190 --> 00:17:35,210
Stokes wants to clear his name and get
back in business.
265
00:17:35,750 --> 00:17:37,010
Will he be stopped?
266
00:17:37,410 --> 00:17:40,410
People like that are monsters. They need
to be locked up.
267
00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:59,459
In April 2007, Dr. Robert Stokes, a
dermatologist, goes on trial in Grand
268
00:17:59,460 --> 00:18:00,510
Rapids, Michigan.
269
00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:06,819
Stokes is accused of 37 criminal counts
of health care fraud, and his patients
270
00:18:06,820 --> 00:18:10,040
believe he's put them through
unnecessary operations.
271
00:18:10,820 --> 00:18:16,220
He was trying to glean as much money as
he could from the insurance companies,
272
00:18:16,420 --> 00:18:20,320
from the patients, from saving money on
spending on his medical supplies.
273
00:18:20,860 --> 00:18:22,280
Right on down the line.
274
00:18:22,540 --> 00:18:27,460
The crimes that outrage the community
the most are the breaches of public
275
00:18:27,780 --> 00:18:33,039
The government believes Stokes reused
medical equipment, including sutures and
276
00:18:33,040 --> 00:18:37,839
syringes. For a guy that was making so
much money and seemed to be so
277
00:18:37,840 --> 00:18:43,560
successful, why was he acting in a
manner that suggested that he was so
278
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:49,560
But the criminal trial of Robert Stokes
will focus only on health care fraud.
279
00:18:50,110 --> 00:18:52,340
which disappoints some of Stokes'
victims.
280
00:18:53,330 --> 00:18:57,000
And I'm sitting in that trial knowing
that they're going after the fraud.
281
00:18:57,470 --> 00:19:00,909
And I'm thinking, but what about all the
other stuff, you know? And
282
00:19:00,910 --> 00:19:06,609
unfortunately, there wasn't laws against
the other stuff. There's no laws saying
283
00:19:06,610 --> 00:19:12,010
you can't use dirty sutures or you can't
reuse disposable sutures.
284
00:19:12,730 --> 00:19:17,130
I don't know if that's like the caution
hot on the McDonald's.
285
00:19:17,420 --> 00:19:23,439
that it's kind of obvious, so there's no
law for it. But, like, there should be
286
00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:28,320
a law, because obviously not everybody
follows, you know, standard procedure.
287
00:19:29,560 --> 00:19:35,000
Thousands of former patients undergo
blood tests for hepatitis B, C, and HIV.
288
00:19:35,780 --> 00:19:39,480
Six patients test positive for hepatitis
C.
289
00:19:39,980 --> 00:19:43,140
I believe that these six individuals did
not know.
290
00:19:45,640 --> 00:19:48,480
It's impossible, however, to tell
whether Dr.
291
00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:51,990
Stokes infected them or they got the
disease from another source.
292
00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:56,719
All of the Stokes patients who speak
with American Greed get a clean bill of
293
00:19:56,720 --> 00:19:59,960
health. The results, thank God, were
negative.
294
00:20:01,240 --> 00:20:07,799
On April 26, 2007, the jury in the
criminal trial of Robert Stokes reaches
295
00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:08,850
verdict.
296
00:20:09,500 --> 00:20:12,660
Guilty on 31 counts of health care
fraud.
297
00:20:14,060 --> 00:20:19,360
Until he's sentenced, Stokes is free to
return to his mansion on the hill.
298
00:20:21,360 --> 00:20:25,240
But the house is empty, and his marriage
is ending.
299
00:20:26,020 --> 00:20:31,540
Here, in his lonely mansion, Stokes gets
to work on what may be his last car,
300
00:20:31,860 --> 00:20:36,220
trying to collect every last penny from
former patients.
301
00:20:37,080 --> 00:20:39,780
Then I got a letter, actually from him.
302
00:20:40,560 --> 00:20:46,080
Please be advised you have a balance due
to Robert W. Stokes, DO, PC, of $135.
303
00:20:46,500 --> 00:20:52,159
At the bottom of the letter, it refers
to a collection, you know, Stokes
304
00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:53,360
Collection Department.
305
00:20:53,620 --> 00:20:55,300
And the address was his home.
306
00:20:56,120 --> 00:21:02,559
In 2002, Dr. Stokes performs a procedure
on Larry Broomberg that another doctor
307
00:21:02,560 --> 00:21:04,540
later says should never have been done.
308
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:08,740
Now, five years later, Stokes is still
trying to collect.
309
00:21:09,780 --> 00:21:12,970
Respectfully, Robert Stokes, final
collections department.
310
00:21:12,971 --> 00:21:16,519
That really amused me. He's not only got
a collections department, he has a
311
00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:18,080
final collections department.
312
00:21:18,260 --> 00:21:20,360
So I wrote here, you've got to be
kidding.
313
00:21:20,760 --> 00:21:25,360
You owe me $215 for tests I had to
undertake because of your procedures.
314
00:21:25,920 --> 00:21:31,959
If my credit should suffer any negative
result from your mindless attempt to
315
00:21:31,960 --> 00:21:37,399
collect fees for botched services, I
shall sue both your agency and D .O.
316
00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:38,580
in or out of prison.
317
00:21:39,150 --> 00:21:43,169
Many other patients received similar
collection letters from the Stokes
318
00:21:43,170 --> 00:21:46,070
Collection Agency, including Melissa
Wedberg.
319
00:21:46,830 --> 00:21:51,049
Stokes left Melissa with a three -inch
scar from an operation that her new
320
00:21:51,050 --> 00:21:53,509
doctor believes should never have been
performed.
321
00:21:53,510 --> 00:21:58,770
And now he's trying to ding her for $1
,392.
322
00:21:59,650 --> 00:22:01,890
I mean, what else do you want from me?
323
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:07,980
You did every kind of harm I can
imagine. You harmed me physically,
324
00:22:08,340 --> 00:22:09,840
mentally, and financially.
325
00:22:09,841 --> 00:22:11,779
Now you want to send me to collection.
326
00:22:11,780 --> 00:22:12,830
I mean, really?
327
00:22:13,700 --> 00:22:17,560
Needless to say, Larry and Melissa
refused to pay the bills.
328
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:23,720
On December 27, 2007, Robert Stokes goes
up for sentencing.
329
00:22:24,280 --> 00:22:27,360
Victims have a chance to speak their
minds to Dr.
330
00:22:27,560 --> 00:22:28,610
Stokes directly.
331
00:22:28,940 --> 00:22:33,520
He took our respect away. He took our
ability to feel good about ourselves.
332
00:22:33,920 --> 00:22:39,819
I think for a long time, it scarred me
to the point of, oh, I don't look as
333
00:22:39,820 --> 00:22:40,870
as I used to look.
334
00:22:41,100 --> 00:22:45,820
And this man made money and made me look
this way.
335
00:22:47,080 --> 00:22:51,859
When Melissa testifies at the sentencing
hearing, Stokes' defense attorney shows
336
00:22:51,860 --> 00:22:55,080
the jury a letter Melissa's father has
written to Stokes.
337
00:22:55,660 --> 00:23:00,160
In the last line, it reads, my hope for
you is that you rot in hell.
338
00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:05,019
Melissa believes the defense attorney is
trying to suggest she has a personal
339
00:23:05,020 --> 00:23:06,680
vendetta against Stokes.
340
00:23:07,960 --> 00:23:11,160
He said, how do you feel about that?
341
00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:13,060
And I said, I hope he rots in hell.
342
00:23:13,820 --> 00:23:17,559
And I think they thought that I would
say, well, you know, I don't hate him. I
343
00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:19,440
don't. But I did.
344
00:23:19,820 --> 00:23:20,870
And I do.
345
00:23:21,890 --> 00:23:26,070
Robert Stokes is sentenced to ten and a
half years in federal prison.
346
00:23:26,790 --> 00:23:31,810
The sentence is actually below the
federal guidelines of 12 to 15 years.
347
00:23:32,950 --> 00:23:38,009
The prosecutors were looking for even
more time in prison for just breaching
348
00:23:38,010 --> 00:23:41,489
public trust the way he did. The judge
didn't see it that way and sentenced
349
00:23:41,490 --> 00:23:45,209
Stokes to just ten and a half years. So
I think there was a little frustration
350
00:23:45,210 --> 00:23:48,870
on behalf of some of the patients who
felt that he deserved a lot more.
351
00:23:50,440 --> 00:23:55,979
I would have liked to have been much
more, but being at his age, I thought we
352
00:23:55,980 --> 00:23:57,030
stopped him.
353
00:23:57,200 --> 00:23:58,940
They took away what he had.
354
00:23:59,780 --> 00:24:01,880
So he's going to pay the price now.
355
00:24:02,200 --> 00:24:06,919
In March 2010, in response to the Stokes
case, Michigan Governor Jennifer
356
00:24:06,920 --> 00:24:11,740
Granholm signs a law prohibiting the
reuse of single -use medical devices.
357
00:24:12,540 --> 00:24:17,560
Next, two sisters steal $20 million of
your money.
358
00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:33,860
Lexington, South Carolina.
359
00:24:34,100 --> 00:24:38,740
It's a place where traditions and
philosophies have lasted for
360
00:24:39,500 --> 00:24:46,479
Lexington County is a small county,
population -wise, but we're in a
361
00:24:46,480 --> 00:24:47,530
county.
362
00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:51,660
Churches and schools are the center of
the community.
363
00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:54,600
It's a law -abiding county.
364
00:24:56,590 --> 00:25:02,309
It is into this tradition that in 1960,
twin sisters Darlene and Charlene Shuler
365
00:25:02,310 --> 00:25:07,429
are born, where they would marry and
raise families, and where they would
366
00:25:07,430 --> 00:25:12,149
a business, like many who came before
them. But it's a tradition they will
367
00:25:12,150 --> 00:25:13,370
ultimately betray.
368
00:25:15,130 --> 00:25:17,890
Their early years are unremarkable.
369
00:25:18,830 --> 00:25:24,009
Like many of their peers, they graduate
from local airport high school and move
370
00:25:24,010 --> 00:25:25,710
on to nearby Clemson University,
371
00:25:26,440 --> 00:25:27,940
Before joining the workforce.
372
00:25:28,560 --> 00:25:33,279
You know, Charlene and Darlene did not
have a history of being a savvy business
373
00:25:33,280 --> 00:25:34,330
people.
374
00:25:34,331 --> 00:25:37,639
Charlene worked at the South Carolina
Budget and Control Board.
375
00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:40,100
She had a very limited work experience.
376
00:25:41,220 --> 00:25:43,180
Darlene was a school teacher.
377
00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:46,900
But they have bigger things in mind.
378
00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:50,060
In 1991, they decide to join forces.
379
00:25:50,820 --> 00:25:54,940
Charlene and Darlene form a business
called C &D Distributors.
380
00:25:55,480 --> 00:26:00,460
The company sells small hardware
components, bolts, washers, plumbing
381
00:26:00,820 --> 00:26:04,240
In the beginning, it's a modest
operation at best.
382
00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:06,980
It was not a significant business at
all.
383
00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:13,099
And then it seemed that they learned of
how a mom -and -pop or a sister -and
384
00:26:13,100 --> 00:26:16,960
-sister business could become defense
contractors.
385
00:26:18,860 --> 00:26:20,660
That's exactly what they do.
386
00:26:21,130 --> 00:26:25,110
In 1993, they began distributing
hardware items to the military.
387
00:26:26,310 --> 00:26:30,949
But even with the government contracts,
the business essentially treads water
388
00:26:30,950 --> 00:26:32,000
for years.
389
00:26:32,430 --> 00:26:39,229
In the black, I guess somebody would
say, profitable but not, you know, used
390
00:26:39,230 --> 00:26:41,700
Honda profitable, not new Mercedes
profitable.
391
00:26:41,770 --> 00:26:44,150
These were very low -dollar items.
392
00:26:44,650 --> 00:26:48,650
They were hardware items, you know,
nuts, bolts, screws, light bulbs.
393
00:26:49,690 --> 00:26:55,249
Typically not the things dreams are made
of. Until July 2000, when a small
394
00:26:55,250 --> 00:26:57,510
accounting error changes everything.
395
00:26:58,630 --> 00:27:02,890
It looked like they had made a mistake
on one of their invoices at some point.
396
00:27:03,310 --> 00:27:08,390
And that the invoice number had been
plugged into the block for shipping
397
00:27:08,810 --> 00:27:10,170
And that had been paid.
398
00:27:11,110 --> 00:27:16,530
A simple mistake by the twins and $5
,000 lands right on their doorstep.
399
00:27:17,280 --> 00:27:21,479
The sisters pay the money back, but the
temptation for these church -going women
400
00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:23,160
is too much to resist.
401
00:27:24,280 --> 00:27:29,619
You never know what goes through
somebody's mind, but for some reason,
402
00:27:29,620 --> 00:27:31,790
made the decision to try to do it on
purpose.
403
00:27:32,560 --> 00:27:33,610
It works.
404
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:38,059
Without knowing how or why, the sisters
have discovered a loophole in the
405
00:27:38,060 --> 00:27:40,710
Department of Defense's automated
payment system.
406
00:27:41,360 --> 00:27:44,980
It seems they can charge almost any
price for shipping.
407
00:27:45,340 --> 00:27:47,460
and the Department of Defense will pay
it.
408
00:27:47,780 --> 00:27:52,379
All of the bids were submitted
electronically, and that was one of the
409
00:27:52,380 --> 00:27:56,019
it was allowed to occur, because there
weren't a set of human eyes that were
410
00:27:56,020 --> 00:28:02,619
reviewing these bids. In a nutshell,
government contractors submit a
411
00:28:02,620 --> 00:28:08,479
billing invoice really for the product
itself and for the shipping. The pot of
412
00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:11,180
money to pay for a specific good.
413
00:28:11,181 --> 00:28:15,809
It is segregated or separate from
shipping costs. Shipping just comes out
414
00:28:15,810 --> 00:28:16,529
another pot.
415
00:28:16,530 --> 00:28:19,850
And those costs are never reconciled
before being paid.
416
00:28:20,290 --> 00:28:25,509
It is the beginning of a $20 million
fraud perpetrated on the United States
417
00:28:25,510 --> 00:28:26,560
government.
418
00:28:27,190 --> 00:28:31,989
There's a sense that they were
emboldened the longer they were able to
419
00:28:31,990 --> 00:28:34,340
and the longer that it worked. So it's
like, oh,
420
00:28:35,130 --> 00:28:37,970
$100 ,000 went through. Why not $200
,000?
421
00:28:37,971 --> 00:28:42,269
We get to the point where September of
06, we're talking million dollar
422
00:28:42,270 --> 00:28:43,320
invoices.
423
00:28:44,810 --> 00:28:49,849
I just I don't know where their
consciences would have kicked in and
424
00:28:49,850 --> 00:28:50,990
would have said enough.
425
00:28:51,250 --> 00:28:53,540
But clearly it wasn't before they got
caught.
426
00:28:53,990 --> 00:29:00,369
Next on American Greed, Charlene and
Darlene put 20 million of your tax
427
00:29:00,370 --> 00:29:01,420
to work.
428
00:29:15,500 --> 00:29:20,939
In Lexington, South Carolina, twin
sisters Charlene Corley and Darlene
429
00:29:20,940 --> 00:29:24,190
have found a glitch in the Department of
Defense payment system.
430
00:29:25,800 --> 00:29:29,839
Through a minor bookkeeping error, they
have discovered that their humble
431
00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:35,499
hardware distributorship can charge
virtually any price for shipping, and
432
00:29:35,500 --> 00:29:37,520
Department of Defense will pay it.
433
00:29:38,180 --> 00:29:43,219
What they were doing is submitting bids,
and they were inflating the shipping
434
00:29:43,220 --> 00:29:44,640
costs for those items.
435
00:29:45,230 --> 00:29:48,490
It was a pretty simple scheme.
436
00:29:49,070 --> 00:29:53,910
A simple scheme that eventually puts
more than $20 million in the twins'
437
00:29:54,090 --> 00:29:55,140
pockets.
438
00:29:55,530 --> 00:30:00,249
It comes as the result of an automated
payment system the Department of Defense
439
00:30:00,250 --> 00:30:04,750
has set up to get supplies to the front
lines as quickly as possible.
440
00:30:05,290 --> 00:30:10,149
Because we were at war, if these guys
have a piece of equipment that's not
441
00:30:10,150 --> 00:30:14,030
working, we want to get them that
equipment as fast as we can.
442
00:30:14,590 --> 00:30:19,810
We want to give suppliers an incentive
to get it there as fast as we can.
443
00:30:20,210 --> 00:30:24,969
Anything considered high priority,
including bolts and screws, is paid
444
00:30:24,970 --> 00:30:29,850
automatically. Human eyes never verify
shipping charges before they are paid.
445
00:30:30,330 --> 00:30:35,589
So the objective was to get these people
paid, to make them want to do business
446
00:30:35,590 --> 00:30:39,810
with the government, and also to keep
the troops safe and well supplied.
447
00:30:42,330 --> 00:30:44,620
Anyone would agree that's an admirable
goal.
448
00:30:45,730 --> 00:30:48,290
Not everyone accepts the excuse.
449
00:30:48,790 --> 00:30:49,930
I don't buy it.
450
00:30:51,130 --> 00:30:57,189
We have a system that declares a single
nut, a single lock washer, to be some
451
00:30:57,190 --> 00:30:58,240
kind of an emergency.
452
00:30:58,930 --> 00:31:02,600
We have to ship it to the United States
to get it there. What a screwy system.
453
00:31:03,530 --> 00:31:07,989
Winslow Wheeler is a part of the Center
for Defense Information, a group that
454
00:31:07,990 --> 00:31:11,360
keeps tabs on the way the Department of
Defense conducts business.
455
00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:14,410
This kind of thing has been going on for
decades.
456
00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:20,479
It's basically a system under the
pretense of being streamlined
457
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:27,279
made itself unaccountable. These two
sisters were the outsiders exploiting a
458
00:31:27,280 --> 00:31:30,400
system that invited people to exploit
it.
459
00:31:30,660 --> 00:31:32,600
And exploit it they did.
460
00:31:33,020 --> 00:31:37,540
Once they determined that this inflated
shipping cost would be paid.
461
00:31:38,730 --> 00:31:42,410
They went with it, and some would say
drove a Mack truck through it.
462
00:31:43,030 --> 00:31:48,629
The first overcharges are for tens of
thousands of dollars, but soon they grow
463
00:31:48,630 --> 00:31:50,430
to hundreds of thousands.
464
00:31:52,490 --> 00:31:56,490
So the price of the good is $3 .99.
465
00:31:56,910 --> 00:32:00,100
Totally. And then the shipping that was
charged for it was what?
466
00:32:00,550 --> 00:32:03,450
$401 ,999 to ship.
467
00:32:03,870 --> 00:32:06,390
They submitted almost $72 million.
468
00:32:07,550 --> 00:32:12,710
in fraudulent shipping costs, and a
little over $20 million were paid.
469
00:32:14,170 --> 00:32:18,630
They are living very well with the money
that they're getting out of this.
470
00:32:19,750 --> 00:32:22,570
The sisters are driving matching
Mercedes Coupes.
471
00:32:23,250 --> 00:32:27,830
They're taking very lavish vacations,
taking their friends on these vacations.
472
00:32:28,490 --> 00:32:33,969
There's a nice beach south of here,
Edisto Beach, where over time they
473
00:32:33,970 --> 00:32:35,410
four different beach houses.
474
00:32:35,930 --> 00:32:39,790
They have these boats and jet skis, and
they're living large.
475
00:32:40,150 --> 00:32:46,289
They were stealing money to go to New
York and buy hundreds of thousands of
476
00:32:46,290 --> 00:32:47,610
dollars of custom jewelry.
477
00:32:47,810 --> 00:32:54,029
They were stealing money to go on
Caribbean cruises and going to Las
478
00:32:54,030 --> 00:32:58,310
they bought gifts for people. They
bought cars for people.
479
00:32:58,870 --> 00:33:00,150
One of the expenditures.
480
00:33:00,920 --> 00:33:05,260
Identified was a $250 ,000 box seat
purchased at Clemson Stadium.
481
00:33:06,260 --> 00:33:09,820
They certainly gave the impression of
doing very well economically.
482
00:33:10,840 --> 00:33:15,080
Ted Stamboulidis owns a restaurant and a
small shopping center in town.
483
00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:19,719
With all the money rolling in, the twins
decide they want a taste of something
484
00:33:19,720 --> 00:33:21,860
more in line with their guilty
pleasures.
485
00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:25,700
They approach Stamboulidis about renting
out a space.
486
00:33:27,150 --> 00:33:33,629
Charlene and Darlene had wanted to open
up a national recognized
487
00:33:33,630 --> 00:33:34,680
cookie store.
488
00:33:34,810 --> 00:33:38,989
They invested in a Nestle Toll House
cookie franchise. They call it Dillon
489
00:33:38,990 --> 00:33:42,590
Cookie LLC, which we always thought was
for Darlene and Charlene.
490
00:33:42,870 --> 00:33:47,489
The exuberance they demonstrate in their
new venture is clear, perhaps too
491
00:33:47,490 --> 00:33:53,109
clear, as they soon incur another cost
at the taxpayer's expense, gastric
492
00:33:53,110 --> 00:33:55,230
surgery for them and their husbands.
493
00:33:56,410 --> 00:34:00,790
But before long, it appears that the
cookie store is little more than a
494
00:34:01,350 --> 00:34:05,289
I don't think it was doing that great,
not nearly as lucrative as the
495
00:34:05,290 --> 00:34:06,340
of Defense business.
496
00:34:07,610 --> 00:34:12,489
Then in the early fall of 2006, the
twins suddenly shut the store down.
497
00:34:12,969 --> 00:34:17,448
They just shut it down without any
notice of any kind, just a phone call,
498
00:34:17,449 --> 00:34:18,499
closing the store.
499
00:34:19,110 --> 00:34:20,989
Thank you, bye. And that was it.
500
00:34:21,900 --> 00:34:26,080
The sweet life for the twins is about to
run out in more ways than one.
501
00:34:27,940 --> 00:34:32,579
In Columbus, Ohio, the Department of
Defense's Payment Center has discovered
502
00:34:32,580 --> 00:34:35,199
discrepancy in one of C &D's contracts.
503
00:34:35,780 --> 00:34:40,980
After more than six years of fleecing
the U .S. government of $20 .5 million,
504
00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:44,139
the twins have finally gone too far.
505
00:34:44,440 --> 00:34:47,679
They submit two shipping invoices for
the same contract.
506
00:34:48,190 --> 00:34:51,889
And even the government's generous
payment system won't abide it.
507
00:34:52,730 --> 00:34:56,869
That actually kicked it out of the
computer system and caused it to land on
508
00:34:56,870 --> 00:34:57,920
somebody's desk.
509
00:34:58,330 --> 00:35:03,569
It's the most outrageous charge
attempted yet. And the Department of
510
00:35:03,570 --> 00:35:04,620
looking right at it.
511
00:35:05,290 --> 00:35:10,070
It's a contract for two lock washers,
billed at 19 cents each.
512
00:35:10,330 --> 00:35:11,410
The shipping charge?
513
00:35:12,710 --> 00:35:14,170
$998 ,000.
514
00:35:14,910 --> 00:35:16,470
They have the audacity.
515
00:35:17,230 --> 00:35:21,909
to send those to the Department of
Defense, where the money is coming out
516
00:35:21,910 --> 00:35:22,960
pockets.
517
00:35:23,090 --> 00:35:27,929
They have the audacity to bill almost a
million dollars to send those two
518
00:35:27,930 --> 00:35:34,269
washers. And you can imagine, with an
error of that magnitude, that it got
519
00:35:34,270 --> 00:35:35,470
everybody's attention.
520
00:35:35,550 --> 00:35:41,509
In September 2006, the Department of
Defense fires a warning shot. They send
521
00:35:41,510 --> 00:35:46,929
certified letters to C &D distributors,
wanting answers for the more than $20
522
00:35:46,930 --> 00:35:49,430
million in excess shipping costs.
523
00:35:50,250 --> 00:35:54,829
They realized that the game was up, and
I'm quite sure that there were some
524
00:35:54,830 --> 00:35:57,420
words of prayer and some nervous people
that night.
525
00:35:57,950 --> 00:36:02,590
To try to make amends, Darlene sends the
government a check for $4 .5 million.
526
00:36:03,900 --> 00:36:07,570
It's a reasonable deduction from her
actions that she was trying to say,
527
00:36:07,620 --> 00:36:11,200
we can make it better, we'll pay you
back, and we'll be good from now on.
528
00:36:11,940 --> 00:36:13,800
But it's only wishful thinking.
529
00:36:13,801 --> 00:36:17,099
There are no bank robbers on the way out
of the bank with the money. They get to
530
00:36:17,100 --> 00:36:19,750
turn around and hand it back, and
everything's fine.
531
00:36:19,920 --> 00:36:24,620
When American Greed returns, the circle
closes in around the twins.
532
00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:26,600
Will they face the music?
533
00:36:28,040 --> 00:36:30,270
You never know why somebody takes that
step.
534
00:36:30,271 --> 00:36:34,739
But certainly the writing was on the
wall, and I think she was fully aware of
535
00:36:34,740 --> 00:36:37,640
that on October 2nd when the agents
left.
536
00:36:50,620 --> 00:36:55,979
In Lexington, South Carolina, the
Department of Defense has uncovered a
537
00:36:55,980 --> 00:36:59,660
million fraud being perpetrated on the
United States government.
538
00:36:59,661 --> 00:37:04,499
Twin sisters Charlene Corley and Darlene
Wooten have been selling the Department
539
00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:09,419
of Defense common, low -cost hardware,
then collecting millions in shipping
540
00:37:09,420 --> 00:37:12,220
fees. I mean, we really are talking odds
and ends.
541
00:37:12,600 --> 00:37:15,840
Lock washers, bolts, light bulbs.
542
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:21,880
To put it in context, the amount of the
fraud was about $20 .5 million.
543
00:37:22,540 --> 00:37:28,080
The total cost of the goods for that $20
.5 million was about $150 ,000.
544
00:37:28,920 --> 00:37:34,619
The twins have paid a fraction of the
money back, $4 .5 million, but it's not
545
00:37:34,620 --> 00:37:35,670
nearly enough.
546
00:37:36,180 --> 00:37:42,000
On October 2, 2006, federal
investigators show up at C &D's front
547
00:37:43,100 --> 00:37:47,039
Darlene requested that they come back
the following day, said she needed to
548
00:37:47,040 --> 00:37:51,979
gather some papers, gather her thoughts,
and that implied, at least, that it
549
00:37:51,980 --> 00:37:55,460
would be a more productive discussion
the next day.
550
00:37:56,330 --> 00:38:00,130
But Darlene has no intention of meeting
again with investigators.
551
00:38:00,770 --> 00:38:06,429
She approached one of the employees,
said she wanted to borrow his pistol,
552
00:38:06,430 --> 00:38:09,849
handgun. Said she wants to go out and
shoot it or at least look at it, that
553
00:38:09,850 --> 00:38:12,620
she's thinking about buying it or
something like that.
554
00:38:13,410 --> 00:38:17,689
The young person has no reason to
believe that what's about to take place
555
00:38:17,690 --> 00:38:20,090
coming. And so he gives her his gun.
556
00:38:22,350 --> 00:38:24,550
We know now that she drove out to the
lake.
557
00:38:25,230 --> 00:38:30,249
Agents then called her sister Charlene,
pushing a bit harder for a meeting. But
558
00:38:30,250 --> 00:38:32,590
Charlene doesn't know where her sister
is.
559
00:38:33,090 --> 00:38:38,409
And at that point, I think Charlene and
other family members started to try to
560
00:38:38,410 --> 00:38:39,770
reach her and couldn't.
561
00:38:41,510 --> 00:38:46,690
Ultimately, Charlene went out to a
trailer that was out of the lake.
562
00:38:49,450 --> 00:38:53,750
When she arrived, she was the one who
discovered.
563
00:38:54,170 --> 00:38:56,520
her sister and that her sister killed
herself.
564
00:39:00,010 --> 00:39:04,730
Despite the tragedy, the feds move to
gather as much evidence as they can.
565
00:39:05,250 --> 00:39:08,890
Charlene hires an attorney and quickly
takes up a defense.
566
00:39:09,370 --> 00:39:15,069
They argue that it was Darlene who
headed the entire operation and that
567
00:39:15,070 --> 00:39:17,330
simply turned a blind eye.
568
00:39:18,050 --> 00:39:24,079
I think one of the really unfortunate
things in the whole case was that when
569
00:39:24,080 --> 00:39:29,000
Darlene took her life, it enabled this
defense.
570
00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:36,039
And it was a tad offensive to me in
that, you know,
571
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:42,179
here's your sister's memory, and this is
what the impression that you want to
572
00:39:42,180 --> 00:39:45,380
leave people with regarding her role in
this.
573
00:39:45,980 --> 00:39:50,919
Still, it's a plausible defense, and the
central eyewitness to Charlene's
574
00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:52,740
involvement is now gone.
575
00:39:53,040 --> 00:39:59,499
And so as the investigation continued,
our interest was discovering how
576
00:39:59,500 --> 00:40:02,240
Charlene was on the C &D distributor
side.
577
00:40:02,980 --> 00:40:08,419
To prosecutors, the evidence points to
only one possible conclusion, that
578
00:40:08,420 --> 00:40:10,860
Charlene was well aware of the fraud.
579
00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:13,340
From Charlene, signed by Charlene.
580
00:40:14,120 --> 00:40:18,719
Her name is actually on the Department
of Defense's record for the 38 -Cent
581
00:40:18,720 --> 00:40:21,190
Washers. It's not Darlene's name that's
on there.
582
00:40:21,380 --> 00:40:26,019
Her name is on all of these pieces of
paper that are associated with hundreds
583
00:40:26,020 --> 00:40:29,480
thousands of dollars and millions of
dollars of shipping costs.
584
00:40:29,820 --> 00:40:34,699
We came to the inescapable conclusion
that she had knowledge of what was going
585
00:40:34,700 --> 00:40:37,200
on and that she needed to be prosecuted.
586
00:40:38,100 --> 00:40:43,359
Eventually, prosecutors sit down with
Charlene and her attorney and show her
587
00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:44,410
the evidence.
588
00:40:44,720 --> 00:40:47,070
Charlene's response was that she pled
guilty.
589
00:40:47,600 --> 00:40:54,339
On August 16, 2007, Corley pleads guilty
to two counts of conspiracy, one
590
00:40:54,340 --> 00:40:56,880
for wire fraud and one for money
laundering.
591
00:40:57,380 --> 00:41:01,200
It sets off a storm of reactions across
Lexington County.
592
00:41:02,060 --> 00:41:05,740
She was threatened. Her family was
threatened.
593
00:41:05,741 --> 00:41:10,439
There were people who were angry that
she had stolen this money from our
594
00:41:10,440 --> 00:41:11,490
country.
595
00:41:12,520 --> 00:41:16,880
At sentencing, prosecutors point out the
betrayal within the crime.
596
00:41:16,881 --> 00:41:21,219
This was money that was being diverted
away from our troops and the Department
597
00:41:21,220 --> 00:41:22,270
of Defense.
598
00:41:22,320 --> 00:41:26,039
So not only is it the taxpayer, but it's
the American soldiers who were
599
00:41:26,040 --> 00:41:27,200
victimized by this.
600
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:32,400
And that's the way we viewed it. We
thought it was an anti -American crime.
601
00:41:33,240 --> 00:41:35,700
Corley gets a chance to address the
court.
602
00:41:36,330 --> 00:41:40,789
When Charlene was given the opportunity
to speak for herself, she was extremely
603
00:41:40,790 --> 00:41:44,870
brief. She said that she had messed up
and that she was sorry.
604
00:41:46,870 --> 00:41:52,610
And it was a bit striking to me. I've
heard people who have stolen, you know,
605
00:41:52,630 --> 00:41:58,350
far less money, far less money, $5 ,000,
you know, express more remorse.
606
00:41:59,170 --> 00:42:03,929
The judge is not impressed and sentences
Corley to six and a half years in
607
00:42:03,930 --> 00:42:04,980
prison.
608
00:42:05,100 --> 00:42:09,079
In the wake of the case, the Department
of Defense says that they fixed the
609
00:42:09,080 --> 00:42:11,000
loophole that facilitated this crime.
610
00:42:11,660 --> 00:42:15,380
But government watchdog Winslow Wheeler
is still skeptical.
611
00:42:16,460 --> 00:42:19,230
Maybe they did, maybe they didn't. We
don't really know.
612
00:42:19,300 --> 00:42:22,580
We don't have an evaluation or an audit
of their fix.
613
00:42:23,020 --> 00:42:27,279
In the end, the residents of Lexington
County are left to make sense of a
614
00:42:27,280 --> 00:42:28,740
betrayal to their values.
615
00:42:29,120 --> 00:42:33,299
What happened right here with C &D and
Corley's is something that takes away
616
00:42:33,300 --> 00:42:34,350
from our country.
617
00:42:34,480 --> 00:42:36,770
and takes away from supporting our
soldiers.
618
00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:41,600
And that is the worst thing to do in our
country, especially when we're at war.
619
00:42:42,980 --> 00:42:47,159
In the final analysis, when it's all
said and done, we're all going to be
620
00:42:47,160 --> 00:42:50,679
our maker, and we're all going to have
to answer to what we've done, and I'm
621
00:42:50,680 --> 00:42:51,929
sure they've got a lot to answer to.
622
00:42:51,930 --> 00:42:56,480
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