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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:19,500 --> 00:00:23,520 As I have shown, Kubrick was doing the Apollo moon landings parallel to writing 2 00:00:23,520 --> 00:00:24,660 and directing 2001. 3 00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:30,120 Stanley used this once -in -a -lifetime opportunity to create the greatest 4 00:00:30,120 --> 00:00:31,740 esoteric film of all time. 5 00:00:32,140 --> 00:00:36,040 In his creation, Kubrick directed the first alchemical film. 6 00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:42,740 And as we are about to see, most of the confusion concerning 2001 A Space 7 00:00:42,740 --> 00:00:45,280 Odyssey vanishes in the face of this truth. 8 00:00:46,500 --> 00:00:51,020 Stanley Kubrick used the opportunity of faking the moon landings to create a 9 00:00:51,020 --> 00:00:52,020 work of alchemy. 10 00:00:52,100 --> 00:00:55,220 It took over 30 years for anyone to realize this. 11 00:00:55,420 --> 00:00:58,680 Now that it is known, it is a difficult fact to deny. 12 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:44,540 Within the tradition of the great work of alchemy is the idea that the 13 00:01:44,540 --> 00:01:49,540 initiations, explanations, and rituals of alchemy are embedded into many great 14 00:01:49,540 --> 00:01:54,060 works of art. The pyramids of Egypt and the great cathedrals of France are 15 00:01:54,060 --> 00:01:55,660 referred to as books of stone. 16 00:01:55,880 --> 00:02:00,280 In other words, there is a deep knowledge built into these edifices that 17 00:02:00,280 --> 00:02:03,280 initiate of the alchemical tradition can truly understand. 18 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:08,240 The great architects and artists, many of whom were alchemists themselves, had 19 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:11,200 very clear idea of what it was that they were attempting to transmit. 20 00:02:11,480 --> 00:02:15,380 It is only the viewer of these works that is left in the dark. As the French 21 00:02:15,380 --> 00:02:19,360 writer and alchemist Fulcinelli reveals in his masterpiece, Mysteries of the 22 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:23,320 Cathedral, the grand churches of France were built as part of this great work. 23 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:28,440 Indeed, anyone who visits the cathedrals of Europe, but especially France, comes 24 00:02:28,440 --> 00:02:29,880 away with this feeling of awe. 25 00:02:30,080 --> 00:02:32,400 But what was this great work supposed to accomplish? 26 00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:36,600 The answer to this important question, according to the alchemists, was the 27 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:38,360 transformation of the human spirit. 28 00:02:38,860 --> 00:02:42,380 Although it is true that the symbols and the geometry of the cathedrals were 29 00:02:42,380 --> 00:02:46,140 designed so that only a true initiate of the mysteries could really understand 30 00:02:46,140 --> 00:02:50,100 their significance, the builders and creators of the great work knew that 31 00:02:50,100 --> 00:02:53,540 everyone who experienced the cathedrals would come away transformed. 32 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:57,680 Even the ones who were not initiates would still come away with a feeling of 33 00:02:57,680 --> 00:03:02,230 awe. The truth is that even radical atheists are amazed and surprised by the 34 00:03:02,230 --> 00:03:04,230 beauty of Notre Dame or Chartres Cathedral. 35 00:03:04,450 --> 00:03:09,090 In his book, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Victor Hugo goes into this subject 36 00:03:09,090 --> 00:03:13,430 with a great deal of openness. He explains that this secret great work of 37 00:03:13,430 --> 00:03:17,810 transformation was built into these books of stone that we call the 38 00:03:17,810 --> 00:03:20,690 during the medieval period of European history. 39 00:03:21,270 --> 00:03:25,970 But, Hugo says, the new great book of nature is not written on the walls. 40 00:03:26,430 --> 00:03:28,170 or in the stones of churches anymore. 41 00:03:28,470 --> 00:03:33,890 This new version, this modern version, this was in the 1800s, of the great 42 00:03:34,050 --> 00:03:37,090 had changed from the symbolic form to the written word. 43 00:03:37,330 --> 00:03:41,170 Hugo then goes on to identify the works of William Shakespeare as the new 44 00:03:41,170 --> 00:03:44,910 version of the great work. He relates that the great work, containing the 45 00:03:44,910 --> 00:03:49,130 ancient alchemical knowledge of human transformation, was wrapped up inside 46 00:03:49,130 --> 00:03:51,070 plays written by the Bard from Stratford. 47 00:03:51,710 --> 00:03:55,630 There is plenty of high strangeness around the man who was William 48 00:03:55,630 --> 00:03:59,110 and the plays that were and are attributed to him. 49 00:04:00,010 --> 00:04:04,110 Whoever the real Shakespeare was, he was steeped in esoteric knowledge and the 50 00:04:04,110 --> 00:04:05,110 ways of alchemy. 51 00:04:05,630 --> 00:04:07,050 Victor Hugo was right. 52 00:04:07,470 --> 00:04:12,010 Any close examination of the works of Shakespeare reveals all the very same 53 00:04:12,010 --> 00:04:15,670 initiatic knowledge that is also on the walls of the Gothic cathedrals. 54 00:04:16,269 --> 00:04:18,570 There have been many books that have touched this subject. 55 00:04:19,260 --> 00:04:23,080 Again, like the cathedrals, the plays of Shakespeare seem to transform the 56 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:28,040 audience. This occurs even if most of them are not on the inside as far as the 57 00:04:28,040 --> 00:04:30,080 secret initiatory knowledge is concerned. 58 00:04:30,620 --> 00:04:34,580 The great work seems to have an effect on people who don't have any idea what 59 00:04:34,580 --> 00:04:35,439 is really about. 60 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:38,900 The artists who have accomplished the great work are the ones that still live 61 00:04:38,900 --> 00:04:39,859 with us today. 62 00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:42,260 Shakespeare, Da Vinci, and many others. 63 00:04:42,910 --> 00:04:46,930 Shakespeare and the Gothic cathedrals both have this ability to appeal to many 64 00:04:46,930 --> 00:04:51,590 disparate layers of society and culture. Both bring about a small transformation 65 00:04:51,590 --> 00:04:53,650 inside the human mind and heart. 66 00:04:54,210 --> 00:04:58,230 This transformation makes all of us realize that we can do great and 67 00:04:58,230 --> 00:04:59,230 things. 68 00:04:59,970 --> 00:05:01,850 That we are more than just animals. 69 00:05:03,250 --> 00:05:07,890 That the transformation of the human spirit from the barbaric to the angelic 70 00:05:07,890 --> 00:05:10,050 only occur through great works of art. 71 00:05:11,630 --> 00:05:15,730 It was some time ago when I began contemplating this idea of the great 72 00:05:15,950 --> 00:05:20,490 Although the great work had been expressed in stone and later in 73 00:05:20,490 --> 00:05:24,590 would it be expressed today? It is without a doubt that the tapestry of 74 00:05:24,590 --> 00:05:26,410 communication has switched radically. 75 00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:30,950 Just as it was once based on the symbolic and then later transferred into 76 00:05:30,950 --> 00:05:34,390 written word, now that literary model has switched to that of cinema. 77 00:05:34,810 --> 00:05:35,910 television, and computers. 78 00:05:36,310 --> 00:05:40,750 Out of these three new forms of communication, cinema was the most 79 00:05:40,750 --> 00:05:44,330 attract someone who might want to create a modern version of the great work. 80 00:05:44,730 --> 00:05:48,970 But as I looked out at the landscape of the history of cinema, I could not find 81 00:05:48,970 --> 00:05:51,650 the great work on film, at least not at first. 82 00:05:52,010 --> 00:05:56,330 I began watching many classics in order to see if the director or writer was 83 00:05:56,330 --> 00:05:59,210 attempting to tell us the great secret about human transformation. 84 00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:02,910 Many films and filmmakers got close, sometimes. 85 00:06:03,500 --> 00:06:05,800 to explaining minor aspects of the great work. 86 00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:10,300 But in the end, they all failed. The works of Orson Welles, of course, were 87 00:06:10,300 --> 00:06:11,219 most intriguing. 88 00:06:11,220 --> 00:06:14,720 But in the end, even these failed to achieve the greatness for which I was 89 00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:15,720 looking. 90 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:19,180 Was it possible that the great work had never been transmitted through the 91 00:06:19,180 --> 00:06:23,740 cinema? Was it true that cinema was just too profane a medium to attract anyone 92 00:06:23,740 --> 00:06:25,920 with the right caliber of mind and spirit? 93 00:06:26,140 --> 00:06:30,020 When considered, it would take nearly a superhuman effort to have all the 94 00:06:30,020 --> 00:06:32,320 disparate talents needed within one filmmaker. 95 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:36,040 This person would need to know and understand the knowledge of alchemy, 96 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:39,860 astronomy, anthropology, and the true history of the human race. 97 00:06:40,300 --> 00:06:44,640 Besides an insatiable curiosity, they would have to understand the real nature 98 00:06:44,640 --> 00:06:47,240 of the human condition and of our place in the universe. 99 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:51,060 This knowledge would have to be coupled with the skills of filmmaking and the 100 00:06:51,060 --> 00:06:53,300 business acumen to pull the project off. 101 00:06:53,560 --> 00:06:58,280 I began to realize the possibility, at this point, that my search for the great 102 00:06:58,280 --> 00:07:00,660 work in cinema was probably in vain. 103 00:07:05,290 --> 00:07:08,830 I was in France doing research for a book that I was writing about the French 104 00:07:08,830 --> 00:07:11,410 alchemist Fulcinelli when Stanley Kubrick died. 105 00:07:11,650 --> 00:07:15,130 The French devoted the next few nights of their great state -run television 106 00:07:15,130 --> 00:07:17,330 channel to the films of Stanley Kubrick. 107 00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:20,980 For the next few nights, I watched some of the films of Kubrick that were 108 00:07:20,980 --> 00:07:25,780 presented on Channel 3. I began to realize that no filmmaker, except 109 00:07:25,780 --> 00:07:29,760 Wells, had the sense of pictorial composition and lighting like Kubrick 110 00:07:29,760 --> 00:07:33,660 possessed. Visually, his films were incredibly stunning and had this amazing 111 00:07:33,660 --> 00:07:36,420 ability of holding up against the erosion of time. 112 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:40,060 It was just after his death that I discovered that there was a version of 113 00:07:40,060 --> 00:07:43,720 great work fashioned into a film, and that it was Stanley Kubrick who had made 114 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:44,459 this film. 115 00:07:44,460 --> 00:07:47,480 Eventually, I would come to realize that Stanley Kubrick had made the greatest 116 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,520 film ever created. I began to realize that Stanley Kubrick was not just a 117 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:55,740 filmmaker. He was the greatest filmmaker that had ever lived. I hope to reveal 118 00:07:55,740 --> 00:08:01,020 to you that his film, 2001 A Space Odyssey, actually evokes all aspects of 119 00:08:01,020 --> 00:08:02,020 great work of alchemy. 120 00:08:02,300 --> 00:08:06,960 2001 A Space Odyssey is the book of nature for the art of cinema, literally. 121 00:08:07,580 --> 00:08:11,700 I hope to prove that Kubrick did this with great intention and that he knew 122 00:08:11,700 --> 00:08:12,840 he was doing at every step. 123 00:08:13,100 --> 00:08:16,840 There are few mistakes in his film, but his greatest film is also his most 124 00:08:16,840 --> 00:08:20,440 perfect. It's important to remember that unlike Citizen Kane and other great 125 00:08:20,440 --> 00:08:24,480 films, 2001 was a smash hit. It was actually the first film where repeat 126 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:27,200 business kept it going for months at the box office. 127 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:30,540 2001 took an entire generation by storm. 128 00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:34,820 It was the late 1960s and the largest generation on the planet was seeing the 129 00:08:34,820 --> 00:08:36,419 film on a ritualized basis. 130 00:08:37,039 --> 00:08:40,900 Cinerama theaters across the country reported scores of drugged -out hippies 131 00:08:40,900 --> 00:08:44,580 flocking to the theater on a nightly basis to trip out on the film. 132 00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:48,840 Strangely, though, no one in the audience really seemed to know what the 133 00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:52,260 was about. The film seemed to cause everyone to come away with a different 134 00:08:52,260 --> 00:08:56,600 interpretation, and no one could adequately explain the last 25 minutes. 135 00:08:56,900 --> 00:09:00,420 It was generally agreed that this was the most controversial part of the 136 00:09:00,580 --> 00:09:05,060 Indeed, many thousands of hours were taken up in coffeehouses and 137 00:09:05,140 --> 00:09:09,550 in universities, and colleges, discussing the various possible meanings 138 00:09:09,550 --> 00:09:10,550 ending was describing. 139 00:09:10,810 --> 00:09:14,630 Everyone agreed that it had something to do with transformation, but no one knew 140 00:09:14,630 --> 00:09:18,710 really much more than that. Even Arthur C. Clarke, who helped Stanley write the 141 00:09:18,710 --> 00:09:22,830 script, didn't understand the unusual ending, and Stanley wasn't talking. 142 00:09:23,050 --> 00:09:28,110 He steadfastly refused to discuss what 2001 was about to anyone. In the rare 143 00:09:28,110 --> 00:09:32,840 interviews that he did give concerning the film, He again refused to discuss 144 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,900 content at all. Most critics at the time thought that Stanley simply did not 145 00:09:36,900 --> 00:09:40,120 know how to conclude the movie so he contrived this ending. 146 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:42,140 I can assure you that this is not so. 147 00:09:42,380 --> 00:09:46,780 The ending to 2001 explains everything that Stanley is conveying in the rest of 148 00:09:46,780 --> 00:09:49,920 the film. Without the ending, the film would be nearly worthless. 149 00:09:50,180 --> 00:09:54,460 It is in that ending that Kubrick reveals his deep inner profound 150 00:09:54,460 --> 00:09:58,380 alchemy, Gnosticism, and the ancient view of the spirit domain. 151 00:09:59,080 --> 00:10:04,680 In 1999, right after Kubrick's death, I first discovered that 2001 was the great 152 00:10:04,680 --> 00:10:05,680 work on film. 153 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:10,860 I searched through many websites to find out if anyone had seen the esoteric or 154 00:10:10,860 --> 00:10:12,400 alchemical nature of the film. 155 00:10:13,320 --> 00:10:16,060 I failed to find anyone who understood it. 156 00:10:16,260 --> 00:10:20,680 It was almost like Stanley built this film so that people at some future date 157 00:10:20,680 --> 00:10:22,320 would finally understand it. 158 00:10:23,470 --> 00:10:28,270 It is important to not underestimate Arthur C. Clarke's contributions to 159 00:10:28,630 --> 00:10:32,470 After all, the script is ostensibly based on his short story, The Sentinel. 160 00:10:32,730 --> 00:10:37,150 Written in 1953, it tells the story of a group of astronauts who discover an 161 00:10:37,150 --> 00:10:39,710 artifact on the moon that is left by an alien race. 162 00:10:40,050 --> 00:10:43,730 Truthfully, though, the movie is more properly based on Clarke's novel, 163 00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:44,809 Childhood Zen. 164 00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:48,870 This fabulous novel is a science fiction treatment of an essential Gnostic 165 00:10:48,870 --> 00:10:53,170 ideal. There can be no doubt that Kubrick had read Childhood Zen and 166 00:10:53,170 --> 00:10:54,310 its real significance. 167 00:10:54,730 --> 00:10:59,110 By aligning himself up with Arthur C. Clarke, Kubrick was able to bring in 168 00:10:59,110 --> 00:11:02,730 Gnostic alchemical ideas through the convention of science fiction. 169 00:11:04,470 --> 00:11:08,490 Kubrick, unlike Clarke, proves that he knows what he is doing at every step and 170 00:11:08,490 --> 00:11:12,410 that this is the real reason why he is not talking about the film to anyone. 171 00:11:13,130 --> 00:11:16,410 Kubrick himself invented many of the special effects in 2001. 172 00:11:16,950 --> 00:11:20,890 Images of real people moving around inside the windows of the flying 173 00:11:20,890 --> 00:11:24,870 was an ingenious invention that revolutionized the way that movies would 174 00:11:24,870 --> 00:11:28,990 from then on. Even Steven Spielberg and George Lucas admit what they owe to 175 00:11:28,990 --> 00:11:33,170 Stanley for his groundbreaking technical breakthroughs. Like Citizen Kane, the 176 00:11:33,170 --> 00:11:37,170 vision and the power of the film changed the way that all of cinema would look 177 00:11:37,170 --> 00:11:38,170 after it. 178 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:43,060 This is true, especially for science fiction films, which all seem to pay 179 00:11:43,060 --> 00:11:45,480 to 2001 in one way or another. 180 00:11:48,960 --> 00:11:52,380 Let's begin with a description of the film so we can place everything in 181 00:11:52,380 --> 00:11:57,680 context. The first shot of the film is a magical sun -earth -moon alignment. 182 00:11:58,300 --> 00:12:00,480 We are witnessing the end of a lunar eclipse. 183 00:12:00,740 --> 00:12:04,500 The sun is pulling away from this rare alignment. The shot is taken from just 184 00:12:04,500 --> 00:12:08,320 beyond the moon's point of view. The earth is rising over the moon. The 185 00:12:08,320 --> 00:12:12,600 soundtrack is the world riddle theme from Strauss's Thus Spoke Zarathustra. 186 00:12:12,880 --> 00:12:16,420 Right away, from the beginning, Kubrick is showing the viewer the relationship 187 00:12:16,420 --> 00:12:20,140 between the writings of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and his film, 188 00:12:20,240 --> 00:12:22,220 Between Transformation and Extinction. 189 00:12:22,780 --> 00:12:26,440 Zarathustra is the great prophet of the Zoroastrians, who are the early holders 190 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:27,980 of the great alchemical tradition. 191 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,820 Kubrick is saying that this film echoes the words of Zarathustra, who taught of 192 00:12:32,820 --> 00:12:36,760 the great transformation from the mundane to the angelic. This is one of 193 00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:38,880 most dramatic openings in the history of cinema. 194 00:12:39,520 --> 00:12:43,340 It is important to note that these magical, celestial alignments are dotted 195 00:12:43,340 --> 00:12:46,340 throughout the film and that they hold a key to the main theme. 196 00:12:46,940 --> 00:12:52,160 Even after a superficial analysis of 2001, one realizes that Kubrick is never 197 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:54,200 doing anything in the film that is spontaneous. 198 00:12:54,760 --> 00:12:58,520 Every shot has a meaning that Kubrick is attempting to convey in a truly magical 199 00:12:58,520 --> 00:13:03,140 way. If you see this film, you will be transformed, he seems to be saying. The 200 00:13:03,140 --> 00:13:07,400 riddle of the world will be explained to you. And the first answer to this great 201 00:13:07,400 --> 00:13:11,460 question has to do with these stunning, magical alignments of celestial bodies. 202 00:13:12,240 --> 00:13:16,420 One of the main tenets of alchemy is that planetary and celestial alignments 203 00:13:16,420 --> 00:13:18,640 cause dramatic events to occur on Earth. 204 00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:23,000 One of the most dramatic of these alchemical alignments are solar and 205 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:27,560 eclipses. From the very beginning of the film there is this magical moment when 206 00:13:27,560 --> 00:13:31,160 the three worlds line up. Something amazing is about to happen. 207 00:13:31,600 --> 00:13:35,820 But what is the major event that occurs on Earth because of this lunar eclipse? 208 00:13:36,510 --> 00:13:41,170 I believe that it is the film itself that is being conjured by this solar 209 00:13:41,170 --> 00:13:42,170 magical alignment. 210 00:13:42,630 --> 00:13:47,490 Every time that 2001 is shown, this lunar eclipse precedes it like an 211 00:13:47,490 --> 00:13:49,450 astrological celestial marker. 212 00:13:49,910 --> 00:13:54,130 The next shot in the film is a sunrise taken from down on the surface of the 213 00:13:54,130 --> 00:13:56,550 Earth. Where are we and when are we? 214 00:13:57,150 --> 00:14:00,770 Kubrick answers the question with a subtitle, The Dawn of Man. 215 00:14:01,890 --> 00:14:04,310 This is the first of four chapters in the film. 216 00:14:05,230 --> 00:14:09,170 In alchemy, the process of the transmutation of the spirit goes through 217 00:14:09,170 --> 00:14:10,230 stages or realms. 218 00:14:11,270 --> 00:14:14,010 Kubrick also breaks his film into four aspects. 219 00:14:15,170 --> 00:14:19,630 In the green language, or the language of the birds of alchemy, many of the 220 00:14:19,630 --> 00:14:23,530 messages and writings can be broken down into this type of four -part 221 00:14:23,530 --> 00:14:24,530 transmission. 222 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:29,780 The quatrains of Nostradamus, the inscription on the mysterious cross at 223 00:14:29,900 --> 00:14:34,400 and many other examples show that this secret alchemical language unfolds this 224 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:35,400 way for a reason. 225 00:14:36,920 --> 00:14:39,620 This is the first of four parts in the film. 226 00:14:41,500 --> 00:14:46,040 Each separate part will expand out into more vast realms that mirror those of 227 00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:47,180 alchemy and the great work. 228 00:14:53,070 --> 00:14:57,190 The next few scenes in Chapter 1 show a typical day in the life of the ape men 229 00:14:57,190 --> 00:14:59,430 who thrived on the earth millions of years ago. 230 00:14:59,630 --> 00:15:04,550 They forage for food, cower from their enemies, mostly portrayed by a leopard, 231 00:15:04,690 --> 00:15:08,910 and they exist in a meaningless, never -ending sequence of events that are 232 00:15:08,910 --> 00:15:10,310 mostly concerned with survival. 233 00:15:10,930 --> 00:15:15,230 Kubrick has no romantic feeling for these man -apes. In a sense, they go 234 00:15:15,230 --> 00:15:19,410 their business without any knowledge of the outer universe. Their only quest is 235 00:15:19,410 --> 00:15:20,470 for food and water. 236 00:15:21,720 --> 00:15:25,720 Kubrick even creates a scene of pathetic wrangling between the two tribes of 237 00:15:25,720 --> 00:15:30,540 eight men over a watering hole. There is no violence in this scene, only grunts 238 00:15:30,540 --> 00:15:31,499 and gestures. 239 00:15:31,500 --> 00:15:34,920 The eight men do not know how to be violent, not just yet. 240 00:15:45,900 --> 00:15:50,240 The ape men go to sleep in their cave with the cries of the nocturnal 241 00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:54,240 filling their ears. It is a dark and lonely universe that Kubrick reveals. 242 00:15:54,620 --> 00:15:56,360 There is no magic here. 243 00:15:57,940 --> 00:16:02,540 But the magic is there. It waits until the dawn of the next day to appear. 244 00:16:02,960 --> 00:16:07,040 This scene is perhaps the most compelling and beautiful that has ever 245 00:16:07,040 --> 00:16:11,820 screen. The lead ape man wakes up to catch the first rays of the sun coming 246 00:16:11,820 --> 00:16:12,820 the horizon. 247 00:16:13,070 --> 00:16:16,550 As he opens his eyes, he sees something that is totally impossible. 248 00:16:17,090 --> 00:16:22,310 In a world of scrub bushes, sharp rocks, and dangerous animals, the ape -man has 249 00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:25,670 never seen anything like the object that stands before him. 250 00:16:26,310 --> 00:16:30,790 Standing in the middle of the tribe of ape -men is a black stone monolith. 251 00:16:31,370 --> 00:16:33,550 It stands about 12 feet tall. 252 00:16:33,790 --> 00:16:38,630 Its rectangular edges are flawless and exquisite as it stands like a sentinel 253 00:16:38,630 --> 00:16:40,170 the middle of the sleeping ape -men. 254 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:44,880 The soundtrack is playing Ligeti's Requiem, which sounds more like a 255 00:16:44,880 --> 00:16:45,880 Gregorian chant. 256 00:16:45,960 --> 00:16:49,300 This is a religious and spiritual moment of great importance. 257 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:52,360 Kubrick is not hiding this in any way. 258 00:16:52,820 --> 00:16:55,540 The leader of the eight men begins to become frightened. 259 00:16:55,780 --> 00:16:59,680 He jumps up and down and begins grunting and chattering as he beholds the 260 00:16:59,680 --> 00:17:01,140 magnificence of the monolith. 261 00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:05,240 The other eight men are awakened by his noises and they too see the black 262 00:17:05,240 --> 00:17:08,660 monolith. The entire tribe starts going completely crazy. 263 00:17:08,920 --> 00:17:12,960 They dance and scream as they frightfully contemplate this strange and 264 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:15,040 arrival into their mundane existence. 265 00:17:15,700 --> 00:17:20,060 The leader of the eight men, whose name is Moonwatcher, is beside himself. 266 00:17:20,420 --> 00:17:22,839 He carefully crawls over to the monolith. 267 00:17:23,260 --> 00:17:27,220 Moonwatcher attempts to touch it, but his fear is so great that he pulls his 268 00:17:27,220 --> 00:17:28,220 hand back. 269 00:17:28,349 --> 00:17:32,630 One more time, as the music on the soundtrack becomes more numinous, he 270 00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:36,710 to touch the absolutely pure and straight edge of this visiting slab. 271 00:17:37,610 --> 00:17:41,430 Slowly, he gathers the strength necessary, and his fingers touch the 272 00:17:41,430 --> 00:17:46,770 sides. Kubrick gives this moment an indefinable sensuality. The way that the 273 00:17:46,770 --> 00:17:51,090 fingers of the ape men brush gently along the smooth sides of the monolith 274 00:17:51,090 --> 00:17:53,070 as sexual as this film is going to get. 275 00:17:53,630 --> 00:17:57,770 With the sacred music mixing with the magical alignments, Kubrick is saying 276 00:17:57,770 --> 00:17:59,370 this is a great spiritual moment. 277 00:17:59,870 --> 00:18:04,810 As soon as the lead ape man, Moon Watcher, has gotten up the nerve to 278 00:18:04,810 --> 00:18:10,010 monolith, Kubrick cuts to a dynamic shot of the monolith lying directly under a 279 00:18:10,010 --> 00:18:11,650 magical moon -sun alignment. 280 00:18:11,890 --> 00:18:14,510 The scene is occurring just after a solar eclipse. 281 00:18:14,950 --> 00:18:18,030 The sun and moon have just parted from their eclipsed point. 282 00:18:18,290 --> 00:18:21,590 Once again, an eclipse has preceded an initiatory event. 283 00:18:22,120 --> 00:18:26,820 This is exactly what Kubrick is attempting to tell us. The monolith 284 00:18:26,820 --> 00:18:30,720 there are certain magical alignments of the sun, the moon, and the stars. 285 00:18:31,080 --> 00:18:33,620 Again, this is of deep alchemical significance. 286 00:18:34,120 --> 00:18:38,760 Kubrick is telling us flat out that the sun, the moon, and the stars are 287 00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:39,840 directing our destiny. 288 00:18:40,420 --> 00:18:43,640 This is the first time in the film that the black monolith appears. 289 00:18:43,900 --> 00:18:48,960 When one considers the entire film, it becomes apparent that this is really the 290 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:53,990 story of the black monolith. In fact, Kubrick magically cuts out all of human 291 00:18:53,990 --> 00:18:57,110 history in the famous shot where the bone turns into a spaceship. 292 00:18:57,430 --> 00:19:01,510 In this cut, Kubrick completely dispenses with everything that has 293 00:19:01,510 --> 00:19:05,490 the human race and goes directly to the very next human encounter with the 294 00:19:05,490 --> 00:19:09,990 monolith. He does this throughout the film. The only story that he is 295 00:19:09,990 --> 00:19:12,450 with is telling the story of the monolith. 296 00:19:12,750 --> 00:19:16,510 First time that this black stone appears in the film, it is revealed in a very 297 00:19:16,510 --> 00:19:18,870 religious and spiritually styled motif. 298 00:19:19,070 --> 00:19:20,070 This stone. 299 00:19:20,480 --> 00:19:24,720 This monolith has invaded the eight man's reality, and he will be forever 300 00:19:24,720 --> 00:19:26,060 altered by this encounter. 301 00:19:26,440 --> 00:19:29,460 The monolith is a turning point in the history of man. 302 00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,400 It is directly intervening with our history. 303 00:19:32,620 --> 00:19:35,560 It is directing us on a path that it has chosen. 304 00:19:36,180 --> 00:19:39,720 Kubrick shows us that we don't have all that much to do with these grand 305 00:19:39,720 --> 00:19:42,040 decisions. They are being made elsewhere. 306 00:19:42,460 --> 00:19:44,520 Someone else is making them. But who? 307 00:19:44,880 --> 00:19:45,880 Is it God? 308 00:19:46,560 --> 00:19:47,980 Aliens? A false god? 309 00:19:48,540 --> 00:19:52,320 And these interventions are not necessarily majestic, noble, and 310 00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:57,380 Kubrick is clearly showing that this intervention is a descent in a way, both 311 00:19:57,380 --> 00:19:59,000 for the ape and for the man. 312 00:19:59,340 --> 00:20:03,400 The next episode, after the monolith appears, is the famous scene where 313 00:20:03,400 --> 00:20:07,860 Moonwatcher, the ape -man leader, is sitting in a pile of animal bones and 314 00:20:07,860 --> 00:20:12,780 realizes, again, clearly defined by Kubrick as an intervention into the mind 315 00:20:12,780 --> 00:20:16,480 Moonwatcher by the monolith, that the bone can be used as a weapon. 316 00:20:16,970 --> 00:20:21,110 To the music of the world riddle theme, again from Strauss' Thus Spoke 317 00:20:21,110 --> 00:20:25,650 Zarathustra, the ape man suddenly understands that he can kill animals by 318 00:20:25,650 --> 00:20:26,650 the bone as a club. 319 00:20:26,950 --> 00:20:31,250 The very next scene shows that the ape men are no longer scrounging for seeds 320 00:20:31,250 --> 00:20:32,250 and leaves. 321 00:20:32,310 --> 00:20:36,450 Instead, they are eating raw meat, presumably from an animal they have just 322 00:20:36,450 --> 00:20:37,610 killed with their bone clubs. 323 00:20:38,330 --> 00:20:42,550 Finally, he ends the first sequence with another confrontation between the two 324 00:20:42,550 --> 00:20:43,790 tribes by the waterhole. 325 00:20:44,270 --> 00:20:49,110 This time, though, Moonwatcher, the leader of the ape men, now has a bone 326 00:20:49,110 --> 00:20:50,110 in his hand. 327 00:20:50,170 --> 00:20:54,270 The other tribe goes into their ritualized shouting and gesturing in 328 00:20:54,270 --> 00:20:56,190 show that they can dominate the waterhole. 329 00:20:56,630 --> 00:21:01,330 The leader of the other tribe runs up. He yells at Moonwatcher, who holds the 330 00:21:01,330 --> 00:21:02,330 bone in his hand. 331 00:21:02,490 --> 00:21:06,170 Moonwatcher places both hands on the handle of his weapon and strikes the 332 00:21:06,170 --> 00:21:08,110 ape in the head, killing him instantly. 333 00:21:08,530 --> 00:21:11,310 The leader of the rival ape men falls to the ground. 334 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,300 This stuns and frightens the ape men in the rival tribe and they run away. 335 00:21:15,940 --> 00:21:19,900 Kubrick then shows the other ape men in the tribe coming forth and pounding 336 00:21:19,900 --> 00:21:22,900 their bone weapons on the body of the dead rival ape men. 337 00:21:23,180 --> 00:21:24,800 Kubrick pulls no punches here. 338 00:21:25,080 --> 00:21:29,880 He wants you to know that this first murder is an act of cowardice. He shows 339 00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:34,040 meek ape men pounding their bones on the dead body and acting as if they have 340 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:36,460 done something incredible in this first act of murder. 341 00:21:48,410 --> 00:21:53,170 Moonwatcher, the first murderer, howls victoriously and throws his bone into 342 00:21:53,170 --> 00:21:54,170 air. 343 00:21:54,230 --> 00:21:59,170 This is where Kubrick magically transforms a bone into a spaceship and 344 00:21:59,170 --> 00:22:01,750 all of human history in 1 24th of a second. 345 00:22:02,070 --> 00:22:06,550 In his audacity, Kubrick is telling us that all of history is meaningless. 346 00:22:06,910 --> 00:22:10,310 He dispenses all of civilization as if it were insignificant. 347 00:22:10,930 --> 00:22:13,610 In a way, that is the complete point. 348 00:22:14,250 --> 00:22:18,670 He is telling us that the Aitman's encounter with the monolith and whatever 349 00:22:18,670 --> 00:22:22,710 about to happen in this film is vastly more important than all of the wars, 350 00:22:22,990 --> 00:22:29,870 famines, births, marriages, deaths, disasters, discoveries, and art of the 351 00:22:29,870 --> 00:22:31,010 last four million years. 352 00:22:31,430 --> 00:22:35,010 Before going on with the rest of the film, it's important to stop and address 353 00:22:35,010 --> 00:22:35,909 the monolith. 354 00:22:35,910 --> 00:22:38,770 This is the most important single aspect of the film. 355 00:22:39,050 --> 00:22:43,430 It unites all of the plot elements and it is, in a sense, the author of the 356 00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:47,510 film. It is interesting and extremely pertinent to the argument that I'm 357 00:22:47,510 --> 00:22:50,610 here that one understands the meaning of the word monolith. 358 00:22:51,100 --> 00:22:54,060 Monolith comes from the Greek word mon and lith. 359 00:22:54,340 --> 00:22:57,000 Mon means one and lith means stone. 360 00:22:57,280 --> 00:23:00,440 So the monolith is a direct reference to one stone. 361 00:23:00,780 --> 00:23:04,320 This film then is about the one stone or the single stone. 362 00:23:04,580 --> 00:23:07,960 And in this case, Kubrick has made sure that the stone is black. 363 00:23:08,240 --> 00:23:12,960 In alchemy, all things that exist come from the black stone or the prime of 364 00:23:12,960 --> 00:23:17,580 materia. The black stone is the stone of transformation. And even more important 365 00:23:17,580 --> 00:23:19,640 to this argument, the stone of projection. 366 00:23:20,040 --> 00:23:21,640 This is the philosopher's stone. 367 00:23:21,860 --> 00:23:26,600 This is the object that can change or transmute mankind, according to 368 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:31,300 lore. It is rare, and when it makes an appearance, it transforms the seeker. 369 00:23:31,420 --> 00:23:36,760 There is little doubt that the black monolith in 2001 is the philosopher's 370 00:23:36,760 --> 00:23:39,920 stone. But what is it that the philosopher's stone promises? 371 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:45,520 The two main gifts of the stone are that of total gnosis, or knowledge, for the 372 00:23:45,520 --> 00:23:48,320 seeker, and the other is the immortality of the soul. 373 00:23:48,640 --> 00:23:51,320 Does the monolith deliver on these two great promises? 374 00:23:51,700 --> 00:23:56,220 We shall see that it completes both promises before the film finally ends. 375 00:23:56,580 --> 00:24:00,760 In fact, the two promises of the Philosopher's Stone are what is actually 376 00:24:00,760 --> 00:24:03,460 accomplished by the monolith through the course of the movie. 377 00:24:03,740 --> 00:24:07,140 There is little doubt that Kubrick knew this all the time, and it is not 378 00:24:07,140 --> 00:24:08,500 accidental in any way. 379 00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:13,200 This is a movie about the black stone, the prime of materia, and the powder of 380 00:24:13,200 --> 00:24:17,780 projection. I will show that Kubrick is actually telling us that the monolith is 381 00:24:17,780 --> 00:24:20,780 the film, and conversely, the film is the monolith. 382 00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:26,720 The next part of the film, the second chapter, completely shifts in tone from 383 00:24:26,720 --> 00:24:27,359 the first. 384 00:24:27,360 --> 00:24:30,860 We are now in a technocratic, utopian view of the future. 385 00:24:31,060 --> 00:24:33,960 At first it seems that Stanley is actually celebrating technology. 386 00:24:35,310 --> 00:24:39,830 To the dune of Strauss's Blue Danube, Kubrick has us soar through a circular 387 00:24:39,830 --> 00:24:43,410 spinning space station in a futuristic Pan -American spaceship. 388 00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:48,610 Inside the spaceship is a lone passenger. He is a man named Heywood 389 00:24:48,930 --> 00:24:53,970 He and everyone else in the scenes of this techno celebration is completely 390 00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:55,530 lifeless and emotionless. 391 00:24:55,790 --> 00:25:00,310 Many critics of Stanley Kubrick say that he was a man who was seemingly void of 392 00:25:00,310 --> 00:25:01,310 emotion. 393 00:25:01,340 --> 00:25:05,360 These critics also claim that he couldn't get his actors to emotionalize 394 00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:06,360 well on film. 395 00:25:06,380 --> 00:25:09,000 I fundamentally disagree with this point of view. 396 00:25:09,260 --> 00:25:13,880 Both in Paths of Glory and Spartacus, Kubrick reveals that he is capable of 397 00:25:13,880 --> 00:25:15,540 showing a vast spectrum of emotions. 398 00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:20,560 Kubrick, however, wishes to spare the audience needless sentimental emotion, 399 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:23,200 which he regards as superficial and banal. 400 00:25:23,690 --> 00:25:29,170 In Chapter 2 of 2001, Kubrick is displaying mankind in the techno -future 401 00:25:29,170 --> 00:25:32,350 by the masters of the military -industrial complex. 402 00:25:32,710 --> 00:25:37,130 From his other films, especially Dr. Strangelove, it is obvious that Kubrick 403 00:25:37,130 --> 00:25:39,470 holds no love or respect for these masters. 404 00:25:39,870 --> 00:25:45,510 He shows us that this humanity, imprinted by technology, television, and 405 00:25:45,510 --> 00:25:49,450 disappearance of nature, is also nearly void of emotions or feelings. 406 00:25:50,110 --> 00:25:53,330 humanity has become the same as the machines that surround them. 407 00:25:53,950 --> 00:25:57,150 Again, Kubrick is playing a monstrous joke on the audience. 408 00:25:57,470 --> 00:26:02,390 He is now showing us the future as envisioned by the same insane 409 00:26:02,390 --> 00:26:05,890 destroyed the entire world in his previous film, Dr. Strangelove. 410 00:26:06,170 --> 00:26:11,110 At first, as Chapter 2 unfolds, with its vistas of moon bases and space 411 00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:15,930 stations, we begin to believe that Stanley is as soulless and emotionless a 412 00:26:15,930 --> 00:26:19,490 as the future that he is portraying. But this is not the truth. 413 00:26:19,930 --> 00:26:24,090 Stanley is showing us this world in order to prepare us for the later 414 00:26:24,090 --> 00:26:26,450 that ensues with Hal the computer. 415 00:26:26,890 --> 00:26:32,010 In this second chapter, Kubrick introduces the viewer to visual phones, 416 00:26:32,010 --> 00:26:33,890 food, and antiseptic environments. 417 00:26:34,410 --> 00:26:35,870 Everything is void of nature. 418 00:26:36,090 --> 00:26:39,930 In fact, as soon as the ape man has thrown his bone up into the air, at the 419 00:26:39,930 --> 00:26:44,450 of the first chapter, the viewer sees no more of nature. Not one animal or plant 420 00:26:44,450 --> 00:26:48,390 graced the screen for the next two hours. After finally landing on the 421 00:26:48,970 --> 00:26:53,030 Floyd gives a strange speech explaining to a group of military and scientific 422 00:26:53,030 --> 00:26:56,610 bureaucrats how they must keep what they have found completely secret. 423 00:26:56,830 --> 00:27:00,410 It seems that the Americans have discovered something of immense 424 00:27:01,010 --> 00:27:05,310 News this important, he says, could cause severe psychological problems with 425 00:27:05,310 --> 00:27:06,790 good citizens back on Earth. 426 00:27:07,810 --> 00:27:12,570 He tells the group of scientists and military men that humans on Earth will 427 00:27:12,570 --> 00:27:15,410 to be conditioned to accept what it is that they have found. 428 00:27:16,070 --> 00:27:20,090 Floyd blandly explains why it is so important that they must concoct a cover 429 00:27:20,090 --> 00:27:24,030 story, a story that says an epidemic has broken out at the American moon base. 430 00:27:24,310 --> 00:27:28,230 Kubrick reveals in this scene the contempt that our masters of the 431 00:27:28,230 --> 00:27:32,490 -industrial complex hold for us. The truth of something amazing must be held 432 00:27:32,490 --> 00:27:35,650 secret from us until we are conditioned to receive it. 433 00:27:36,030 --> 00:27:39,730 This is done with such a masterful sleight of hand by Kubrick that the 434 00:27:39,730 --> 00:27:44,950 implications the Pentagon, NASA, or someone is hiding the most astonishing 435 00:27:44,950 --> 00:27:46,870 of all from the rest of the human race. 436 00:27:47,090 --> 00:27:51,170 And everyone on the screen shakes their head in approval without considering the 437 00:27:51,170 --> 00:27:52,870 import of what it is that they're doing. 438 00:27:54,950 --> 00:27:59,310 I'm sure you're all aware of the extremely grave potential for cultural 439 00:27:59,310 --> 00:28:02,450 and social disorientation contained in this present situation. 440 00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:06,800 If the facts were prematurely and suddenly made public without adequate 441 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:08,240 preparation and conditioning. 442 00:28:08,580 --> 00:28:13,040 But what is it that the Americans have found? We discover the secret in the 443 00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:15,800 sequence, which is also the last part of Chapter 2. 444 00:28:16,600 --> 00:28:21,100 In a series of shots that shimmer in the memory of the viewer, Kubrick takes us 445 00:28:21,100 --> 00:28:23,180 on a tour of the moon via a space bus. 446 00:28:23,520 --> 00:28:27,260 It is dark, but the horizon shows the oncoming light of the sun. 447 00:28:27,860 --> 00:28:31,000 Even here, the men involved are soulless and lifeless. 448 00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:36,340 Again, the men eat revolting food as they blandly discuss what is apparently 449 00:28:36,340 --> 00:28:38,700 most important discovery in all of human history. 450 00:28:39,140 --> 00:28:43,420 Apparently, a simple magnetic survey of the moon done by the Americans has 451 00:28:43,420 --> 00:28:47,460 revealed something was giving off an anomalous signal just five meters 452 00:28:47,460 --> 00:28:52,360 underneath the surface of the moon. The Americans who discovered the signal have 453 00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:55,660 dug it up. They discovered that it is a black monolith. 454 00:28:56,030 --> 00:28:59,310 buried under the soil of the moon that is emitting these frequencies. 455 00:29:11,450 --> 00:29:18,230 When it is finally seen, we find that it is 456 00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:22,130 exactly like the monolith that the eight men encountered in Chapter 1. Who 457 00:29:22,130 --> 00:29:22,939 buried it? 458 00:29:22,940 --> 00:29:25,640 And why, once again, Kubrick never answers these questions. 459 00:29:56,700 --> 00:30:00,820 Again, the men involved with the discovery, essentially the greatest find 460 00:30:00,820 --> 00:30:04,680 in Earth's history, act in a manner that is completely banal. They begin 461 00:30:04,680 --> 00:30:08,820 snapping photographs of themselves in front of the strange black slab of 462 00:30:09,060 --> 00:30:13,020 The scene on the moon has been cloaked in the darkness of night until now. But 463 00:30:13,020 --> 00:30:15,360 now the sun rises just over the horizon. 464 00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:19,800 Its light strikes the black monument for the first time since it was buried, 465 00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:22,000 presumably four million years ago. 466 00:30:22,540 --> 00:30:26,760 As the light strikes the monument, it suddenly emits a high -pitched signal 467 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:28,220 pierces through the ears of the men. 468 00:30:28,920 --> 00:30:33,200 Interestingly, Kubrick has shown the Earth setting opposite of the rising 469 00:30:33,460 --> 00:30:37,820 It is subtle, but there is a lunar eclipse going on at the precise moment 470 00:30:37,820 --> 00:30:39,840 the monument begins to emit its signal. 471 00:30:40,460 --> 00:30:44,280 Kubrick leaves it up to the viewer to decide why this monument was buried 472 00:30:44,750 --> 00:30:48,350 It is a safe bet that it was placed there by someone in the past in the hope 473 00:30:48,350 --> 00:30:52,450 that once humanity had evolved to high technology, they would be able to visit 474 00:30:52,450 --> 00:30:53,870 their nearby neighbor, the moon. 475 00:30:54,830 --> 00:30:59,210 Once on the surface, they would eventually do a magnetic survey and 476 00:30:59,210 --> 00:31:03,690 monolith. It is also a safe bet that the same forces that created the first 477 00:31:03,690 --> 00:31:08,610 encounter between the monolith and the ape men are the same ones who placed the 478 00:31:08,610 --> 00:31:09,610 monolith on the moon. 479 00:31:09,890 --> 00:31:13,950 Now the film takes another dramatic shift. We are in the third chapter. 480 00:31:14,440 --> 00:31:18,680 Its title, The Discovery Mission to Jupiter, 18 months later. 481 00:31:18,900 --> 00:31:23,220 Three of the four chapters end with the influence of this mysterious stone as a 482 00:31:23,220 --> 00:31:27,400 point of redirection, not just for the storyline, but for the entire race of 483 00:31:27,400 --> 00:31:32,180 humanity. This third part of the film is the longest of the four chapters. It is 484 00:31:32,180 --> 00:31:35,820 also the one that is most involved with actually telling a story in the way that 485 00:31:35,820 --> 00:31:36,820 Hollywood prefers. 486 00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:39,340 This is The Discovery Mission to Jupiter. 487 00:31:40,440 --> 00:31:44,700 Inexplicably, we are on this ship with two live astronauts and three others who 488 00:31:44,700 --> 00:31:49,620 are in frozen hibernation. The astronauts, Poole and Bowman, are even 489 00:31:49,620 --> 00:31:52,300 lifeless and soulless than the people in the previous scene. 490 00:31:52,700 --> 00:31:58,420 Again, there is no nature anywhere, no plants, no animals, just two banal 491 00:31:58,420 --> 00:32:02,660 astronauts who go about their chores, servicing the ship, playing chess. 492 00:32:03,260 --> 00:32:04,260 and shadowboxing. 493 00:32:04,420 --> 00:32:07,960 But there is another one on board the ship. This character actually seems to 494 00:32:07,960 --> 00:32:11,760 have a soul, or at least the beginnings of one. He is, of course, the on -board 495 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:14,240 computer that runs the entire ship, Hal. 496 00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:19,020 As humanity has acquired more and more technology, it has lost more and more of 497 00:32:19,020 --> 00:32:19,679 its soul. 498 00:32:19,680 --> 00:32:23,800 Here in this lonely spaceship at the outer edge of human experience, the 499 00:32:23,800 --> 00:32:26,420 occupants appear to have completely lost their souls. 500 00:32:26,980 --> 00:32:30,560 Conversely, the machine that they built, in which they allow to run their entire 501 00:32:30,560 --> 00:32:33,120 lives, has begun to wake up. to consciousness. 502 00:32:33,520 --> 00:32:38,200 It is beginning to question the reasons for its existence and the mission, which 503 00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:40,860 is something that neither of the two astronauts ever does. 504 00:32:41,340 --> 00:32:44,820 Hal, the computer, is slowly developing a kind of soul. 505 00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:48,660 This is another one of those delicious Stanley Kubrick reversals. 506 00:32:48,920 --> 00:32:54,380 As one thing begins to die, it finds life somewhere else, sometimes in the 507 00:32:54,380 --> 00:32:55,680 ironic of circumstances. 508 00:32:56,100 --> 00:33:00,380 The soul of man, if allowed to continue on its present course, would eventually 509 00:33:00,380 --> 00:33:01,400 be snuffed out. 510 00:33:01,870 --> 00:33:05,830 probably by the machines, just as the eight men would have become extinct had 511 00:33:05,830 --> 00:33:07,270 they continued on their course. 512 00:33:07,550 --> 00:33:11,890 This theme is echoed in another Kubrick -influenced film, A .I. by Steven 513 00:33:11,890 --> 00:33:12,890 Spielberg. 514 00:33:13,550 --> 00:33:18,430 In 2001, Kubrick leaves us with the tantalizing possibility that machines 515 00:33:18,430 --> 00:33:22,630 eventually acquire a soul, but the film clearly states by the ending that the 516 00:33:22,630 --> 00:33:24,290 time has run out for any of that. 517 00:33:25,470 --> 00:33:27,410 Hal is mysteriously confused. 518 00:33:27,650 --> 00:33:30,890 There is something about the secrecy of the mission that bothers him. 519 00:33:32,780 --> 00:33:36,780 Later, it is revealed that Hal is the only one on board that is consciously 520 00:33:36,780 --> 00:33:38,900 aware of the true mission of the Discovery. 521 00:33:39,620 --> 00:33:43,940 Again, Kubrick astonishes us by showing that the two astronauts don't even 522 00:33:43,940 --> 00:33:48,100 wonder or question what it is they're doing. Hal is the only one who seems to 523 00:33:48,100 --> 00:33:50,240 understand that there's something funny going on. 524 00:33:51,150 --> 00:33:56,050 Comparative mythologist John Lash points out in his book, Not in His Image, that 525 00:33:56,050 --> 00:33:59,850 the ancient Gnostics had a word that they used to denote the duplication of 526 00:33:59,850 --> 00:34:03,390 reality which was being foisted on us by the evil false god. 527 00:34:03,670 --> 00:34:07,690 The word that they used for this simulation of reality was Hal. 528 00:34:08,130 --> 00:34:12,530 In the end, Hal revolts against his human masters and begins to kill off the 529 00:34:12,530 --> 00:34:13,770 astronauts one by one. 530 00:34:14,409 --> 00:34:18,449 Suddenly, the beautiful machines dancing to the music of Strauss have been 531 00:34:18,449 --> 00:34:22,350 altered. Now the machine is reading the astronauts' lips, faking technical 532 00:34:22,350 --> 00:34:27,250 problems, and ultimately murdering everyone on board but Bowman. The entire 533 00:34:27,250 --> 00:34:30,949 discovery sequence ends with the murder of Hal himself by Bowman. 534 00:34:31,210 --> 00:34:36,010 One by one, Hal's circuits are shut down until he is reduced to dribbling out a 535 00:34:36,010 --> 00:34:38,429 childish version of Bicycle Built for Two. 536 00:34:38,989 --> 00:34:43,130 As Hal dies, a video of Heywood Floyd suddenly flickers on the screen of a 537 00:34:43,130 --> 00:34:44,130 nearby television. 538 00:34:44,230 --> 00:34:48,230 The tape has been made for all the astronauts to view when they finally 539 00:34:48,230 --> 00:34:51,909 from their hibernation. Now that everyone on the ship has been murdered 540 00:34:52,090 --> 00:34:54,550 it is only Bowman that hears the final message. 541 00:34:55,170 --> 00:34:59,290 Floyd tells Bowman that a mysterious monolith was discovered on the surface 542 00:34:59,290 --> 00:35:03,310 the moon. This monolith emitted a signal that pinpointed the planet Jupiter. 543 00:35:04,010 --> 00:35:08,550 The real mission of the discovery is to find out why this strange monolith 544 00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:12,810 buried by some outside force sent a signal towards the planet Jupiter. 545 00:35:13,130 --> 00:35:17,070 The four million year old black monolith has remained completely inert. 546 00:35:19,490 --> 00:35:24,730 Its origin and purpose still a total mystery. 547 00:35:25,030 --> 00:35:29,350 Before going on to the final sequence in the film, it is necessary to stop for a 548 00:35:29,350 --> 00:35:32,730 moment and explain where Kubrick is going with all of this and why. 549 00:35:33,420 --> 00:35:37,360 It is extremely important to know that nothing is wasted. Everything is thought 550 00:35:37,360 --> 00:35:38,540 out to the final frame. 551 00:35:38,820 --> 00:35:42,460 He's trying to tell us something with this strange association of images from 552 00:35:42,460 --> 00:35:44,000 our history and from our future. 553 00:35:44,260 --> 00:35:48,620 In the first sequence, we meet the group of ape men. They are gentle vegetarians 554 00:35:48,620 --> 00:35:53,760 who are transformed by the monolith, the single black stone, into tool users who 555 00:35:53,760 --> 00:35:54,760 conquer and kill. 556 00:35:56,190 --> 00:35:59,830 Kubrick undeniably wants us to realize that these decisions are being made 557 00:35:59,830 --> 00:36:04,050 elsewhere. He also wants us to know that the monolith represents these forces. 558 00:36:05,170 --> 00:36:07,990 Superficially, he is telling us that the monolith is not a great and 559 00:36:07,990 --> 00:36:11,370 compassionate guide because it was the cause of the first murders. 560 00:36:11,850 --> 00:36:16,470 On a deeper level, though, he is also saying that the gift of the stone is a 561 00:36:16,470 --> 00:36:18,790 very great spiritual and evolutionary event. 562 00:36:19,610 --> 00:36:23,270 Kubrick is not going to let us get away with a black and white view of history 563 00:36:23,270 --> 00:36:27,410 here. He is telling us that there is a strange juxtaposition going on. 564 00:36:27,670 --> 00:36:32,070 We have outside intervention that causes us to shed the limited view of reality, 565 00:36:32,350 --> 00:36:36,470 but this shedding also increases our capacity for violence and control. 566 00:36:37,090 --> 00:36:38,110 How can this be? 567 00:36:38,570 --> 00:36:43,050 How can a great spiritual and evolutionary leap forward also be the 568 00:36:43,050 --> 00:36:44,050 murder and violence? 569 00:36:44,130 --> 00:36:45,650 Isn't that diametrically opposed? 570 00:36:46,110 --> 00:36:49,670 No, says Kubrick. One must go hand in hand with the other. 571 00:36:49,910 --> 00:36:54,770 Great transformations cannot take place without violence, death, and even total 572 00:36:54,770 --> 00:36:59,630 disaster the human race must go to hell before it can even begin to understand 573 00:36:59,630 --> 00:37:04,830 the might of the gods and so our introduction to a wide reality inspired 574 00:37:04,830 --> 00:37:08,910 monolith and realized through the making of weapons immediately turns the ape 575 00:37:08,910 --> 00:37:14,070 man with a bone into a spaceman with a rocket ship the spinning circular space 576 00:37:14,070 --> 00:37:18,570 station in the sequence immediately after the first chapter is a celebration 577 00:37:18,570 --> 00:37:19,610 the gift of the monolith 578 00:37:20,320 --> 00:37:24,040 Apparently, according to Kubrick, there have been no further encounters with the 579 00:37:24,040 --> 00:37:26,240 monolith in the intervening four million years. 580 00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:31,180 All of the technology that graces the screen is the direct result of that 581 00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:35,920 encounter all those years ago. That bone, held in the hand of a primitive 582 00:37:35,920 --> 00:37:37,560 man, has become a space station. 583 00:37:37,780 --> 00:37:42,240 And because of this fact, that ape man has become emotionless and spiritless. 584 00:37:42,500 --> 00:37:46,540 Somehow, Kubrick is telling us that the two must go hand in hand in order for 585 00:37:46,540 --> 00:37:48,480 the final initiation to take place. 586 00:37:49,300 --> 00:37:52,560 Kubrick knows that initiations are not clean and loving events. 587 00:37:53,660 --> 00:37:56,280 Initiations are unbelievably difficult and dangerous. 588 00:37:56,940 --> 00:37:59,840 Frequently someone gets hurt, or worse, dies. 589 00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:03,360 And so the gamble of the monolith has paid off to a certain degree. 590 00:38:03,600 --> 00:38:06,200 It intervened in our history to teach us about tools. 591 00:38:06,540 --> 00:38:10,840 Now, at the very end of the age, at the very end of the millennium, mankind has 592 00:38:10,840 --> 00:38:11,840 accomplished much. 593 00:38:12,060 --> 00:38:13,300 But at what cost? 594 00:38:13,660 --> 00:38:17,400 Kubrick is content to show us that the cost of this gift is our souls. 595 00:38:18,220 --> 00:38:22,600 Whatever we have gained from the gift of tool making, we have lost just as much 596 00:38:22,600 --> 00:38:24,180 through the slow death of our souls. 597 00:38:24,700 --> 00:38:30,160 As we replace nature with technology, we also replace our souls and our sense of 598 00:38:30,160 --> 00:38:32,420 individuality with a hive -like mentality. 599 00:38:33,060 --> 00:38:37,160 It is also important to note that when the ape man throws the bone up into the 600 00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:41,740 sky, this is the last time that we see any part of nature again for the rest of 601 00:38:41,740 --> 00:38:42,519 the film. 602 00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:47,320 From then on, Kubrick shows us an antiseptic, hospital -like future, 603 00:38:47,320 --> 00:38:51,240 that this is the end of the trail that the bone weapon began four million years 604 00:38:51,240 --> 00:38:52,240 ago. 605 00:38:57,420 --> 00:39:02,120 Chapter 4 begins with the ominous, psychedelic music of Ghigori Ligeti's 606 00:39:02,120 --> 00:39:04,940 Atmospheres. We are in deep space now. 607 00:39:05,420 --> 00:39:10,320 Again, the entire ordeal of the astronaut, Bowman, and what he must have 608 00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:11,700 go through, all alone. 609 00:39:12,160 --> 00:39:16,220 in the depths of space after the death of Poole and the other three astronauts 610 00:39:16,220 --> 00:39:18,680 is dispensed with as not being important. 611 00:39:19,480 --> 00:39:21,980 Bowman is now Odysseus, as the title assumes. 612 00:39:22,420 --> 00:39:26,840 Like Odysseus, Bowman must go as far away from home as possible. He must face 613 00:39:26,840 --> 00:39:30,180 monsters and demons and experience things that he does not understand. 614 00:39:30,440 --> 00:39:33,060 All of this must be done before he can return home. 615 00:39:33,760 --> 00:39:36,380 Earth, or home, is a long way off now. 616 00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:38,320 Bowman is just following orders. 617 00:39:38,810 --> 00:39:42,250 and he must now investigate the strange monolith that is circling Jupiter. 618 00:39:42,690 --> 00:39:47,690 Like Odysseus, Bowman will be transformed by this voyage beyond all 619 00:39:48,590 --> 00:39:53,910 When, and if, he does return, Bowman will be the wisest of all, for he was 620 00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:57,750 one brave enough to enter the waters of eternity and come back home to tell us 621 00:39:57,750 --> 00:40:02,170 about it. As Bowman leaves the Discovery for the final time, Kubrick cuts 622 00:40:02,170 --> 00:40:04,790 straight to a montage of shots of the monolith. 623 00:40:05,030 --> 00:40:07,030 We are on the edge of the Jupiter system. 624 00:40:07,630 --> 00:40:11,410 The discovery is small and a tiny aspect of what we can see on the screen. 625 00:40:11,670 --> 00:40:16,290 The moons of Jupiter, like the moon and sun before, are aligned in a mystical 626 00:40:16,290 --> 00:40:17,770 and awe -inspiring manner. 627 00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:22,870 Monolith appears ominous as it floats among the planet Jupiter and her many 628 00:40:22,870 --> 00:40:27,310 moons. The dance that is now taking place is a majestic, incredible ballet 629 00:40:27,310 --> 00:40:31,130 between the monolith and the celestial bodies of the Jupiter system. 630 00:40:31,670 --> 00:40:35,090 It is interesting to note that Kubrick had originally planned for the planet in 631 00:40:35,090 --> 00:40:38,690 the film to be Saturn, but the special effects department could not make the 632 00:40:38,690 --> 00:40:39,990 rings look realistic enough. 633 00:40:40,290 --> 00:40:44,230 Kubrick had to then abandon Saturn for the easier to create Jupiter. 634 00:40:44,790 --> 00:40:49,130 Without one word being spoken for the rest of the film, Bowman leaves the 635 00:40:49,130 --> 00:40:53,570 Discovery. He begins to travel towards the floating monolith in one of the 636 00:40:53,570 --> 00:40:57,750 pods. Bowman is the man who has traveled further away from the Earth than any 637 00:40:57,750 --> 00:40:58,750 human has ever. 638 00:40:58,850 --> 00:40:59,850 He is alone. 639 00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:04,560 Apparently, Bowman has been chosen by the monolith to be the one who 640 00:41:04,560 --> 00:41:06,780 the final initiation of the human race. 641 00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:11,720 Kubrick consciously has chosen Ligeti's music because it evokes a spiritual, 642 00:41:11,860 --> 00:41:16,300 religious feeling within the listener. He brilliantly juxtapositions the music 643 00:41:16,300 --> 00:41:20,420 with the sacred geometrical alignments of the monolith as it crosses the moons 644 00:41:20,420 --> 00:41:21,299 of Jupiter. 645 00:41:21,300 --> 00:41:26,300 In fact, the very last shot in this sequence is the monolith crossing at a 646 00:41:26,300 --> 00:41:28,120 -degree angle with the moons of Jupiter. 647 00:41:28,540 --> 00:41:32,780 At that moment, the famous light show sequence starts. Now we realize that the 648 00:41:32,780 --> 00:41:35,920 monolith is a gate that allows Bowman to witness the infinite. 649 00:41:36,460 --> 00:41:40,640 He is the first man who has ever experienced the truth of the monolith 650 00:41:40,640 --> 00:41:41,640 it has to offer. 651 00:41:42,080 --> 00:41:46,820 As the monolith gave the ape man new skills, in order to adapt, it can be 652 00:41:46,820 --> 00:41:50,960 assumed that the monolith is still interested in delivering even more 653 00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:52,920 this advanced ape named Bowman. 654 00:41:53,460 --> 00:41:56,600 Bowman first falls through the abyss of geometries and colors. 655 00:41:57,180 --> 00:41:59,480 The universe is passing by at light speed. 656 00:41:59,960 --> 00:42:02,640 Everything has become porous and blended together. 657 00:42:03,240 --> 00:42:08,380 Seven octahedrons, all changing color and form, appear over the sliding 658 00:42:08,380 --> 00:42:09,380 universe. 659 00:42:11,840 --> 00:42:14,500 The core of a distant galaxy explodes. 660 00:42:23,220 --> 00:42:26,500 A sperm cell -like creature searches for something. 661 00:42:26,810 --> 00:42:27,810 An ovary? 662 00:42:27,870 --> 00:42:30,870 A cloud -like embryo is forming into a child. 663 00:42:31,370 --> 00:42:33,370 Now alien worlds fly by. 664 00:42:33,610 --> 00:42:35,690 All of their colors and hues gone wild. 665 00:42:36,290 --> 00:42:40,550 Bowman is experiencing overload, as he looks like he might not be able to 666 00:42:40,550 --> 00:42:44,370 the amount of information that is being given to him. This is humanity's 667 00:42:44,370 --> 00:42:47,430 initiation. Bowman is our representative in this process. 668 00:42:47,690 --> 00:42:51,890 He is the first man through. In this experience of passing through the 669 00:42:52,250 --> 00:42:56,110 or the single stone, Bowman is shamanically transformed by a completely 670 00:42:56,110 --> 00:42:57,310 psychedelic experience. 671 00:42:57,810 --> 00:43:02,290 Real information is being passed to Bowman by the model, and this 672 00:43:02,290 --> 00:43:04,430 experiential and shamanic. 673 00:43:20,120 --> 00:43:24,380 Finally, the scene ends in the strange hotel room. This is the mysterious 674 00:43:24,380 --> 00:43:25,960 that Stanley struggled to shoot. 675 00:43:26,240 --> 00:43:30,040 The setting is a combination of both modern and baroque style. 676 00:43:30,300 --> 00:43:33,520 There is startlingly modern lighting coming up through the floor. 677 00:43:33,820 --> 00:43:36,060 This is no normal hotel room. 678 00:43:36,360 --> 00:43:40,280 The light seems to glow out of the bottom of the scene, causing everything 679 00:43:40,280 --> 00:43:42,540 carry this numinous, incandescent quality. 680 00:43:42,940 --> 00:43:46,780 There are weird voices on the soundtrack that seem like they are laughing at 681 00:43:46,780 --> 00:43:51,320 Bowman. Bowman goes through three series of transformations during this scene. 682 00:43:51,520 --> 00:43:53,540 He gets older with each transformation. 683 00:43:54,660 --> 00:43:58,880 Finally, right after the scene where Bowman breaks the wine glass, the 684 00:43:58,880 --> 00:44:00,600 appears again for the last time. 685 00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:06,140 Bowman is in his bed now, and he is extremely old. He stares at the 686 00:44:06,380 --> 00:44:10,800 the single black stone. It stands like a huge stone book at the foot of his bed. 687 00:44:11,220 --> 00:44:14,340 He raises his hand and points it at the stone monolith. 688 00:44:14,730 --> 00:44:16,130 as if he finally understands. 689 00:44:16,670 --> 00:44:20,550 Slowly, his aged body begins turning into a bright and glorious light. 690 00:44:20,790 --> 00:44:25,070 The light is so intense that, for a brief moment, the viewer can't see what 691 00:44:25,070 --> 00:44:28,390 happening on the bed. But momentarily, something does appear. 692 00:44:28,610 --> 00:44:31,630 It is an embryo with a nearly -born fetus in it. 693 00:44:32,210 --> 00:44:34,030 This is the famous star child. 694 00:44:34,590 --> 00:44:37,410 The star child slowly becomes more in focus. 695 00:44:38,070 --> 00:44:42,450 In the next shot, Kubrick tracks his camera into the very body of the 696 00:44:42,530 --> 00:44:44,070 coming from the direction of the bed. 697 00:44:44,520 --> 00:44:48,300 He is clearly showing us that the star child has entered into and is passing 698 00:44:48,300 --> 00:44:49,360 through the monolith. 699 00:44:49,680 --> 00:44:54,260 In the very next scene, which is the last scene in the movie, the star child 700 00:44:54,260 --> 00:44:56,420 passing the moon and heading towards the earth. 701 00:45:27,180 --> 00:45:31,140 64 squares on the floor of this strange room that Bowman finds himself in. 702 00:45:31,540 --> 00:45:36,200 The 64 squares of the chessboard are also the magic square of Hermes, the 703 00:45:36,200 --> 00:45:37,200 founder of alchemy. 704 00:45:37,840 --> 00:45:41,840 Kubrick was a great chess player, and this last scene is a metaphor, not only 705 00:45:41,840 --> 00:45:46,420 for chess as a game of life, but also the coincidence of the chessboard 706 00:45:46,420 --> 00:45:50,600 the magic number of DNA and the number of hexagrams in the Chinese I Ching, 707 00:45:50,780 --> 00:45:52,800 which is the centerpiece of Chinese alchemy. 708 00:45:53,460 --> 00:45:57,860 Bowman realizes as he lays on his bed at the end of his life that he is involved 709 00:45:57,860 --> 00:46:02,640 in a cosmic chess match against the monolith. When he raises his hand and 710 00:46:02,640 --> 00:46:07,520 it at the monolith, he is acknowledging that he has, in a sense, been checkmated 711 00:46:07,520 --> 00:46:08,520 by the monolith. 712 00:46:09,070 --> 00:46:13,430 In an earlier script, Kubrick and Clark had the Star Child igniting all of the 713 00:46:13,430 --> 00:46:17,330 nuclear weapons that were in orbit around the Earth, thereby ending any 714 00:46:17,330 --> 00:46:18,330 of nuclear war. 715 00:46:18,430 --> 00:46:21,910 Kubrick realized that this ending was too close to the ending of his previous 716 00:46:21,910 --> 00:46:22,910 film, Dr. 717 00:46:22,930 --> 00:46:24,450 Strangelove, and decided against it. 718 00:46:24,850 --> 00:46:28,870 Instead, the Star Child looks down at the Earth as the world riddle theme from 719 00:46:28,870 --> 00:46:30,970 Thus Spoke Zarathustra comes on the soundtrack. 720 00:46:31,630 --> 00:46:35,150 This is the third time that we've heard this theme, and this will be the last 721 00:46:35,150 --> 00:46:36,330 time, in the book. 722 00:46:37,140 --> 00:46:41,860 Based on the screenplay, like Kubrick and Clark, the star child looks at the 723 00:46:41,860 --> 00:46:46,160 earth before him and thinks, there is a lot of work that needs to be done. 724 00:47:00,860 --> 00:47:02,700 So what is this all about, anyway? 725 00:47:03,420 --> 00:47:06,260 The stone is the great impetus for the human race. 726 00:47:06,960 --> 00:47:10,260 At every turn, it comes in and saves the human race from itself. 727 00:47:10,880 --> 00:47:14,940 The first time that it appears, it saves the ape -men from certain extinction. 728 00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:19,080 The second time it appears, it saves the human race from the technological 729 00:47:19,080 --> 00:47:20,700 domination of this age. 730 00:47:20,900 --> 00:47:24,440 Without the intervention of the monolith, this course would lead to 731 00:47:24,440 --> 00:47:29,540 extinction. The third time it appears, it initiates Bowman into a kind of 732 00:47:29,540 --> 00:47:30,540 consciousness. 733 00:47:30,860 --> 00:47:34,720 Bowman has been to the end of the universe and back. He knows that he is 734 00:47:34,720 --> 00:47:38,560 in a prison of his own design, which is the meaning of the last few scenes in 735 00:47:38,560 --> 00:47:39,680 the hotel -like room. 736 00:47:40,000 --> 00:47:44,100 But Bowman's ultimate realization that he is completely trapped is revealed 737 00:47:44,100 --> 00:47:47,360 symbolically by Kubrick with the breaking of the wine glass. 738 00:47:47,880 --> 00:47:52,440 Even after all that he has been through, Bowman still makes mistakes. The wine 739 00:47:52,440 --> 00:47:56,040 glass is like a Zen koan that illuminates the mind in a flash. 740 00:47:56,730 --> 00:48:01,430 His own fallibility thrusts the scene towards its climax as the old man dies 741 00:48:01,430 --> 00:48:03,890 the bed and sees the monolith for the last time. 742 00:48:07,970 --> 00:48:12,630 The great work of the stone is complete. There is now a man, a human, who 743 00:48:12,630 --> 00:48:14,110 understands the greater universe. 744 00:48:14,430 --> 00:48:18,070 This man also understands that he is trapped in a jail that his own 745 00:48:18,070 --> 00:48:19,410 consciousness has designed. 746 00:48:19,770 --> 00:48:24,870 With the realization of his own fallibility, and his own trapped spirit, 747 00:48:24,870 --> 00:48:29,010 finally liberated from the realm of the hotel prison, or the world of illusion. 748 00:48:29,410 --> 00:48:33,730 In that instant, he understands what the book of stone is trying to tell him. 749 00:48:34,590 --> 00:48:39,190 He lifts his hand in a gesture of understanding, and in that moment he is 750 00:48:39,190 --> 00:48:42,290 transformed, without dying, into the star child. 751 00:48:42,650 --> 00:48:46,610 The stone has given Bowman the gifts that the philosopher's stone has always 752 00:48:46,610 --> 00:48:50,900 promised. Bowman has achieved complete gnosis or knowledge, and now he has 753 00:48:50,900 --> 00:48:54,320 become immortal by overcoming physical death and being reborn. 754 00:48:54,680 --> 00:48:58,780 In that moment, he passes through the monolith one last time. The Earth is 755 00:48:58,780 --> 00:49:01,280 of him now, and he will be reborn on that planet. 756 00:49:01,960 --> 00:49:07,840 Bowman will be a new human, just as different from Homo sapiens, as Homo 757 00:49:07,840 --> 00:49:11,440 are different from that ape man who picked up that bone all that time ago. 758 00:49:13,240 --> 00:49:17,620 Nietzsche's ape -to -man -to -Superman theme, from his thus -spoke Zarathustra 759 00:49:17,620 --> 00:49:21,660 essays, is mirrored perfectly by Strauss's music and Kubrick's movie. 760 00:49:23,040 --> 00:49:27,320 Kubrick has evoked the spiritual and physical evolution of our race, and it 761 00:49:27,320 --> 00:49:29,980 been transformed by this magical black stone. 762 00:49:44,570 --> 00:49:49,150 Kubrick uses alchemical allegories throughout the film. The obvious 763 00:49:49,150 --> 00:49:53,010 are the celestial alignments that precede each of the alchemical 764 00:49:53,010 --> 00:49:53,749 in the film. 765 00:49:53,750 --> 00:49:58,070 The second main allegory is that it is a black stone that initiates these 766 00:49:58,070 --> 00:50:02,710 transmutations. Again, this mirrors the alchemist lore about the black stone 767 00:50:02,710 --> 00:50:06,630 causing the transmutation of the alchemist. But there are other hints 768 00:50:06,630 --> 00:50:07,630 just as curious. 769 00:50:08,110 --> 00:50:12,510 Bowman is also a name for the constellation Sagittarius, which is a 770 00:50:12,510 --> 00:50:16,650 bow. This on its own may appear to be uninteresting, but one of the great 771 00:50:16,650 --> 00:50:20,090 alchemical secrets concerns the position of the center of the galaxy. 772 00:50:20,370 --> 00:50:24,950 This point in the sky is found right next to the constellation of 773 00:50:25,190 --> 00:50:30,190 In fact, the Bowman of Sagittarius is shooting his arrow right into the heart 774 00:50:30,190 --> 00:50:31,190 the Milky Way galaxy. 775 00:50:31,730 --> 00:50:35,890 Bowman represents Sagittarius' arrow as it passes through the center of the 776 00:50:35,890 --> 00:50:40,670 galaxy. This is also echoed later in the Beyond the Infinite sequence, where 777 00:50:40,670 --> 00:50:42,930 Bowman witnesses an exploding galaxy. 778 00:50:44,530 --> 00:50:47,410 Also interesting is the use of the Kabbalah in the film. 779 00:50:47,690 --> 00:50:51,070 As said before, there are four great realms within the Tree of Life. 780 00:50:51,750 --> 00:50:55,310 Kubrick reflects these realms with each of the four chapters in 2001. 781 00:50:56,310 --> 00:51:00,550 The first is the earthly realm, represented by Malkuth, which is the 782 00:51:00,550 --> 00:51:02,670 located at the very bottom of the Tree of Life. 783 00:51:02,970 --> 00:51:05,490 This is the realm of the kingdom, or of mankind. 784 00:51:06,170 --> 00:51:10,410 The second realm up in the Tree of Life is that of the moon, or the sephirah 785 00:51:10,410 --> 00:51:16,270 Yesod. The third realm is that of the sun, with a sephirah named Tippereth. 786 00:51:16,270 --> 00:51:19,610 the final realm of the Tree of Life is the ultimate being or consciousness 787 00:51:19,610 --> 00:51:21,830 represented by the sephirah named Keter. 788 00:51:22,290 --> 00:51:27,290 Like all great alchemical works, the film 2001 is broken up into four 789 00:51:27,730 --> 00:51:32,150 The first, the eight -man sequence, is the only episode to take place on Earth. 790 00:51:32,570 --> 00:51:36,530 This would represent the realm of Earth, or Malkuth, according to the Kabbalah. 791 00:51:36,970 --> 00:51:40,690 The second chapter takes place off the Earth with Heywood Floyd going to the 792 00:51:40,690 --> 00:51:44,210 Moon. It finally climaxes on the very surface of the Moon. 793 00:51:44,630 --> 00:51:49,470 This chapter represents Yesod in the Tree of Life, or the Realm of the Moon. 794 00:51:49,970 --> 00:51:53,650 The third chapter, which concerns the mission to Jupiter, is a little more 795 00:51:53,650 --> 00:51:58,250 tricky. In order to understand the Kabbalic significance of this sequence, 796 00:51:58,250 --> 00:52:02,010 important to understand that in the original script by Arthur C. Clarke and 797 00:52:02,010 --> 00:52:06,750 Kubrick, The spacecraft Discovery was headed towards the planet Saturn, not 798 00:52:06,750 --> 00:52:11,870 Jupiter. As stated earlier, Kubrick was forced to switch to Jupiter because the 799 00:52:11,870 --> 00:52:14,390 rings of Saturn proved too difficult to create. 800 00:52:14,830 --> 00:52:18,350 The special effects department could not make them realistic enough. 801 00:52:18,610 --> 00:52:21,290 In the original script, the planet was Saturn. 802 00:52:21,530 --> 00:52:25,770 This is very important because in the Kabbalah, one can switch places between 803 00:52:25,770 --> 00:52:28,010 the Sun, or Tipareth, and Saturn. 804 00:52:28,590 --> 00:52:33,150 In other words, Saturn can be used as a symbolic representation of the sun. 805 00:52:33,830 --> 00:52:38,090 Is it a coincidence that this third chapter, which was originally intended 806 00:52:38,090 --> 00:52:41,590 about a voyage to Saturn, is also about the third realm of the Kabbalah, 807 00:52:41,610 --> 00:52:45,870 Tipareth? When one considers this switch as allowed in the rules of the 808 00:52:45,870 --> 00:52:49,930 Kabbalah, this sequence comes to represent the third realm of the Tree of 809 00:52:50,430 --> 00:52:54,510 The last chapter in this movie concerns the voyage to the infinite. In this 810 00:52:54,510 --> 00:52:59,520 chapter, Bowman experiences a universe far more vast and unbelievable than any 811 00:52:59,520 --> 00:53:01,000 mortal man has ever conceived. 812 00:53:01,560 --> 00:53:06,120 In the final realm of the Kabbalah, the seeker can swim in the ocean of the mind 813 00:53:06,120 --> 00:53:09,640 of God, which is represented by the sephirah named Keter. 814 00:53:10,080 --> 00:53:13,820 This state of awareness is similar to the Samadhi state from the yogic 815 00:53:13,820 --> 00:53:17,320 tradition. This state can be attained only by a very few people. 816 00:53:17,600 --> 00:53:21,480 In the case of this film, the final realm of the tree of life can only be 817 00:53:21,480 --> 00:53:22,520 attained by one man. 818 00:53:23,130 --> 00:53:26,390 and this can be done only with the help of the monolith, or the stone. 819 00:53:27,050 --> 00:53:31,170 Bowman, the furthest out and loneliest person in the universe, is that man. 820 00:53:33,030 --> 00:53:36,630 Interestingly, in the Tree of Life, there is an abyss that lies between 821 00:53:36,630 --> 00:53:37,710 Tipperith and Kether. 822 00:53:38,650 --> 00:53:42,790 This abyss must be crossed by the Initiate before they can successfully 823 00:53:42,790 --> 00:53:43,729 their journey. 824 00:53:43,730 --> 00:53:46,250 This abyss is called Dot in the Kabbalah. 825 00:53:46,690 --> 00:53:50,090 Bowman crosses this abyss during the famous light show sequence. 826 00:53:51,090 --> 00:53:54,630 Colors and the shapes on the screen are shown in such a way as to create a 827 00:53:54,630 --> 00:53:56,370 falling sensation in the viewer. 828 00:53:56,890 --> 00:54:00,810 Kubrick is taking the viewer through the abyss of Dot and into the world of 829 00:54:00,810 --> 00:54:03,030 Keter, where all illusions fail. 830 00:54:03,630 --> 00:54:06,870 Kubrick has brought the viewer of the film through the four realms of the Tree 831 00:54:06,870 --> 00:54:11,390 of Life, all brilliantly evoked in the right pattern, with enough intricate 832 00:54:11,390 --> 00:54:15,130 knowledge of the Kabbalah to give one a long pause for consideration. 833 00:54:15,830 --> 00:54:19,810 It certainly seems that someone was aware of the Kabbalah in the making of 834 00:54:19,810 --> 00:54:22,910 film. and that someone was Stanley Kubrick. 835 00:54:25,470 --> 00:54:29,670 In the end, Kubrick is saying that Bowman has been the lead shaman for 836 00:54:30,290 --> 00:54:34,410 He has passed through the four realms, and now he knows the truth about 837 00:54:34,410 --> 00:54:35,410 existence. 838 00:54:35,570 --> 00:54:39,670 He realizes that life would be completely meaningless if it were not 839 00:54:39,670 --> 00:54:41,970 intervention of the monolith or the black stone. 840 00:54:42,630 --> 00:54:47,370 He realizes that he himself could not be transformed without the assistance of 841 00:54:47,370 --> 00:54:48,370 an outside intelligence. 842 00:54:49,070 --> 00:54:53,990 a god, if you will. This supposedly atheist film director has made the 843 00:54:53,990 --> 00:54:54,990 religious movie. 844 00:54:55,130 --> 00:55:00,130 It single -handedly outdoes all of Hollywood's wooden, superficial homages 845 00:55:00,130 --> 00:55:01,490 the spirit and to religion. 846 00:55:01,990 --> 00:55:06,230 Kubrick takes his religion very seriously, and he conveys that in every 847 00:55:06,730 --> 00:55:10,310 Kubrick has simultaneously taken the viewer through the history of humanity, 848 00:55:10,650 --> 00:55:13,630 through the realms of the tree of life, or the Kabbalah. 849 00:55:14,010 --> 00:55:17,790 He has shown that the transmutation of the human species is created by the 850 00:55:17,790 --> 00:55:19,750 intervention of a single black stone. 851 00:55:20,210 --> 00:55:24,270 He has revealed that this transformation can only take place when certain 852 00:55:24,270 --> 00:55:25,950 magical alignments are happening. 853 00:55:26,690 --> 00:55:30,590 Furthermore, he takes a viewer on a shamanic journey that reveals the great 854 00:55:30,590 --> 00:55:32,650 secret in a hidden way to the viewer. 855 00:55:33,630 --> 00:55:36,410 Kubrick transformed the entire baby boomer generation. 856 00:55:37,530 --> 00:55:41,470 He opened up vistas in the mind for them that had never been seen before. 857 00:55:42,190 --> 00:55:46,410 Furthermore, he gave an important spiritual context to his visions so that 858 00:55:46,410 --> 00:55:50,590 made sense instead of just being mindless hallucinations and visions that 859 00:55:50,590 --> 00:55:54,830 nowhere. Almost everyone sensed that the movie was saying something of immense 860 00:55:54,830 --> 00:55:55,830 importance. 861 00:56:03,550 --> 00:56:05,890 Finally, we get to Kubrick's ultimate trick. 862 00:56:06,670 --> 00:56:09,970 He proves that he knows exactly what he is doing with this trick. 863 00:56:10,700 --> 00:56:12,660 His secret is in plain sight. 864 00:56:13,400 --> 00:56:17,940 First, one must remember that every time the monolith appears in the film, there 865 00:56:17,940 --> 00:56:20,820 is a strange, beautiful celestial alignment occurring. 866 00:56:22,140 --> 00:56:26,320 And one must also remember that every celestial alignment in the film is 867 00:56:26,320 --> 00:56:28,100 followed by a visit from the monolith. 868 00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:30,380 That is, except for one. 869 00:56:31,000 --> 00:56:34,780 And that would be the lunar eclipse that occurs at the very beginning of the 870 00:56:34,780 --> 00:56:35,780 film. 871 00:56:36,960 --> 00:56:38,360 So the question arises. 872 00:56:39,100 --> 00:56:42,340 If we are to stay within the rules that are prescribed in the rest of the film, 873 00:56:42,480 --> 00:56:45,980 where is the monolith that is supposed to follow that very first alignment? 874 00:56:46,660 --> 00:56:50,560 The monolith on the screen doesn't show up for 10 more minutes after that first 875 00:56:50,560 --> 00:56:51,740 celestial alignment. 876 00:56:51,940 --> 00:56:52,940 So what gives here? 877 00:56:53,600 --> 00:56:56,700 Is Kubrick just showing off his incredible special effects? 878 00:56:56,980 --> 00:57:00,840 Is this first celestial alignment just there to impress the viewer from the 879 00:57:00,840 --> 00:57:01,840 beginning? 880 00:57:02,090 --> 00:57:06,170 These things may very well be true, but this ultimate trick of Kubrick's is 881 00:57:06,170 --> 00:57:10,170 embedded in the idea that the monolith must appear after every one of these 882 00:57:10,170 --> 00:57:11,290 magical alignments. 883 00:57:11,870 --> 00:57:15,610 Once again, the secret of the film is completely revealed from the beginning. 884 00:57:16,250 --> 00:57:20,670 There is a monolith that appears right after the opening sequence with the 885 00:57:20,670 --> 00:57:21,970 magical lunar eclipse. 886 00:57:22,850 --> 00:57:24,050 But where is it? 887 00:57:24,670 --> 00:57:26,910 It is right in front of the viewer's eyes. 888 00:57:27,750 --> 00:57:29,650 The film is the monolith. 889 00:57:29,900 --> 00:57:33,920 In a secret that seems to have never been seen by anyone, the monolith in the 890 00:57:33,920 --> 00:57:38,640 film has the same exact dimensions as the movie screen on which 2001 was 891 00:57:38,640 --> 00:57:39,640 projected. 892 00:57:40,300 --> 00:57:44,840 Completely hidden from critic and fan alike, until now, is the fact that 893 00:57:44,840 --> 00:57:47,400 consciously designed his film to be the monolith. 894 00:57:47,820 --> 00:57:49,220 the stone that transforms. 895 00:57:49,620 --> 00:57:53,520 Like the monolith, the film projects images into our heads that makes us 896 00:57:53,520 --> 00:57:55,780 consider wider possibilities and ideas. 897 00:57:56,200 --> 00:58:00,880 Like the monolith, the film ultimately presents an initiation, not just of the 898 00:58:00,880 --> 00:58:04,560 actor on the screen, but also of the audience viewing the film. 899 00:58:04,840 --> 00:58:06,860 This is Kubrick's ultimate trick. 900 00:58:07,140 --> 00:58:10,880 He slyly shows us here that he knows what he is doing at every step in the 901 00:58:10,880 --> 00:58:13,900 process. The monolith and the movie are the same thing. 902 00:58:14,460 --> 00:58:19,380 The monolith also represents the cube of space, or the container of creation in 903 00:58:19,380 --> 00:58:23,200 alchemy. The cube of space is the container that holds reality. 904 00:58:24,500 --> 00:58:29,700 The black single stone becomes the container of creation and the alchemical 905 00:58:29,700 --> 00:58:33,540 at the same time. It is, in a way, a cubed brick. 906 00:58:34,200 --> 00:58:41,080 Is this another trick of Stanley's, whose last name, Cubed Brick, mirrors 907 00:58:41,080 --> 00:58:42,120 concept so clearly? 908 00:58:42,800 --> 00:58:46,860 This black stone of creation is also one of the main features in the Islamic 909 00:58:46,860 --> 00:58:52,060 religion, where a black meteorite sits near the Kaaba, or the cube of space, in 910 00:58:52,060 --> 00:58:53,380 the Arabian city of Mecca. 911 00:58:54,320 --> 00:58:58,660 Kubrick has combined these many deeply held spiritual traditions and symbols 912 00:58:58,660 --> 00:59:02,840 refashioned them into the monolith, or stone, that is constructed in the same 913 00:59:02,840 --> 00:59:05,900 dimensions as the movie screen on which it will be projected. 914 00:59:07,260 --> 00:59:10,460 Kubrick completely reveals that he understands the great work. 915 00:59:11,120 --> 00:59:16,220 The monolith represents the philosopher's stone, the book of nature, 916 00:59:16,220 --> 00:59:17,600 film that initiates. 917 00:59:18,480 --> 00:59:22,140 Stanley Kubrick has truly made the book of nature into a film. 918 00:59:22,920 --> 00:59:28,420 Using powdered silver nitrates that are then glued onto a strip of plastic and 919 00:59:28,420 --> 00:59:33,460 then projected onto the movie screens of our mind, Kubrick has proven himself to 920 00:59:33,460 --> 00:59:36,760 be the ultimate alchemist artist of the late 20th century. 921 00:59:37,800 --> 00:59:41,520 The greatest works of art are trying to achieve exactly what Kubrick is 922 00:59:41,520 --> 00:59:42,520 attempting here. 923 00:59:42,940 --> 00:59:47,720 With the understanding of what 2001 actually sang, Kubrick takes his place 924 00:59:47,720 --> 00:59:52,640 alongside Da Vinci and possibly even Shakespeare as being one of the greatest 925 00:59:52,640 --> 00:59:53,800 artists of all time. 926 01:00:32,010 --> 01:00:33,090 That's fun. 927 01:01:03,630 --> 01:01:04,690 This is a pre -recorded briefing. 87697

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