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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:28,410 Four generations of one family, their lives and causes reveal 150 2 00:00:28,410 --> 00:00:30,530 years of American history. 3 00:00:40,890 --> 00:00:47,850 In 1788 John Adams came home to a land which in many ways was strange to 4 00:00:47,850 --> 00:00:52,080 him. His years abroad had put him out of touch with American ways and American 5 00:00:52,080 --> 00:00:53,080 politics. 6 00:00:53,540 --> 00:00:57,340 Adams sensed that the survival of his young nation depended on walking a 7 00:00:57,340 --> 00:01:01,860 tightrope between its former ally, France, and its former enemy, Great 8 00:01:02,380 --> 00:01:06,000 That delicate balance was to be threatened by the outbreak of the French 9 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:07,000 Revolution. 10 00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:16,680 I cannot believe my eyes. 11 00:01:17,290 --> 00:01:19,590 Well, this is your new home, Mrs. Adams. 12 00:01:19,910 --> 00:01:21,230 The Borland House. 13 00:01:21,990 --> 00:01:23,690 Mansion of our dreams. 14 00:01:24,310 --> 00:01:25,850 But it's so small. 15 00:01:26,210 --> 00:01:28,310 And in such a state of disrepair. 16 00:01:28,770 --> 00:01:30,990 Why, it's like a little rent house. 17 00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:34,490 This is not an auspicious homecoming, Mr. Adams. 18 00:01:34,870 --> 00:01:39,370 I trust you will not find the United States government so shrunken when you 19 00:01:39,370 --> 00:01:40,329 confront it. 20 00:01:40,330 --> 00:01:45,310 I told you, Abigail, I want nothing more to do with government or statesmanship 21 00:01:45,310 --> 00:01:46,310 again. 22 00:01:48,660 --> 00:01:53,540 Now, now look at it, Abby, as it will be. The room has good proportions. 23 00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:58,260 The architecture has dignity and balance. It will be fine. 24 00:01:59,260 --> 00:02:02,780 I'm afraid the realities compare poorly with my memories when abroad. 25 00:02:03,780 --> 00:02:06,300 The thickness of our home clouds the mind's eye. 26 00:02:06,580 --> 00:02:08,400 Yes, but at least we are home. 27 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:12,720 It's back in America and reunited with our sons. 28 00:02:14,380 --> 00:02:16,240 Careful, boys. Charlie! 29 00:02:17,100 --> 00:02:18,320 Oh, good gracious. 30 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:23,060 Did 31 00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:31,000 you 32 00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:33,760 hear the birds singing along the road from Boston? 33 00:02:34,440 --> 00:02:38,300 You can keep your French nightingales and your English larks. 34 00:02:38,740 --> 00:02:42,540 I'll take the sweet screech of a Massachusetts blue jay any day. 35 00:02:43,649 --> 00:02:50,510 Oh serenity Abigail is all I crave I shall serve only the cause of peace and 36 00:02:50,510 --> 00:02:51,510 quiet 37 00:02:54,120 --> 00:02:57,980 Seclusion here in Quincy may be your preference, Father. And I'm convinced 38 00:02:57,980 --> 00:03:01,700 to Governor Hancock's liking as well. He's afraid of your political 39 00:03:02,100 --> 00:03:03,440 Where do you want this box, Father? 40 00:03:03,720 --> 00:03:05,900 Be careful, Thomas. They're my books. 41 00:03:06,260 --> 00:03:08,140 Put them safely in that corner. 42 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:12,420 If that were my fine English bone china, your father would not be so concerned, 43 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:17,060 Tommy. For a man fearful of me, Johnny, Governor Hancock was extraordinarily 44 00:03:17,060 --> 00:03:19,920 hospitable to your mother and me when we landed in Boston. 45 00:03:20,260 --> 00:03:21,260 Of course. 46 00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:22,900 He would be kind to you, Father. 47 00:03:23,530 --> 00:03:26,070 He wants your support, not your rivalry. 48 00:03:26,410 --> 00:03:30,290 I'm not of a mind to be anyone's rival, Thomas. Father, you know it's a 49 00:03:30,290 --> 00:03:33,570 certainty that General Washington will be president. The prize everyone's 50 00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:35,090 fighting for is the vice presidency. 51 00:03:35,470 --> 00:03:37,950 Time enough to talk politics over tea, boys. 52 00:03:38,450 --> 00:03:39,490 Hancock in Massachusetts? 53 00:03:40,090 --> 00:03:43,590 John Jay, George Clinton, and New York. Heaven knows how many Southerners. If 54 00:03:43,590 --> 00:03:47,250 New York's chosen as the capital, it may boost Clinton's chances. 55 00:03:47,490 --> 00:03:51,330 Poor John Jay's. In my opinion, the key figure is Alexander Hamilton. He's the 56 00:03:51,330 --> 00:03:52,370 power behind the Union. 57 00:03:52,630 --> 00:03:53,690 A great economist. 58 00:03:54,150 --> 00:03:58,770 And I understand an even greater intrigue. He would not have so much 59 00:03:58,770 --> 00:04:00,810 it not General Washington's protege, Father. 60 00:04:01,030 --> 00:04:06,050 I think it's unseemly for a man such as Washington to have... such confidence in 61 00:04:06,050 --> 00:04:08,010 an upstarter who's not even in the government. 62 00:04:08,210 --> 00:04:12,430 An upstarter? No. Hamilton can pull strings and will, Father, for the 63 00:04:12,430 --> 00:04:13,309 of his choice. 64 00:04:13,310 --> 00:04:15,170 Rumor has it he's backing Hancock. 65 00:04:16,510 --> 00:04:21,570 If you could get his support, Father, there'd be no question of your election. 66 00:04:22,050 --> 00:04:24,770 Well, give me time to catch my breath, Charles. 67 00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:28,150 I have given no thought to seeking any office. 68 00:04:28,730 --> 00:04:32,690 And I certainly have not considered soliciting the aid of Mr. Hamilton. 69 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:40,760 From all that I have heard, General Knox, Mr. Adams is both stubborn and he 70 00:04:40,760 --> 00:04:41,760 vain. 71 00:04:41,880 --> 00:04:47,320 He will be less pliable for being stubborn, but more vulnerable for being 72 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:50,020 He is a true patriot, Mr. 73 00:04:50,220 --> 00:04:51,840 Hamilton. Much respected. 74 00:04:52,340 --> 00:04:53,700 You can't deny that. 75 00:04:54,320 --> 00:04:55,660 He's irreproachable, sir. 76 00:04:56,100 --> 00:04:58,400 And I always doubt irreproachable politicians. 77 00:04:59,100 --> 00:05:00,320 Now, there is Hancock. 78 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:02,600 But he's mighty ambitious. 79 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:03,960 They're all ambitious. 80 00:05:04,160 --> 00:05:05,900 So am I, and so are you. 81 00:05:06,280 --> 00:05:08,680 We took each other's measure in the war, friend Knox. 82 00:05:09,020 --> 00:05:11,060 We understand each other very well. 83 00:05:11,380 --> 00:05:12,600 Come, Colonel Hamilton. 84 00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:15,760 Shall you support John Adams? 85 00:05:16,460 --> 00:05:20,620 A plain man who has tarried so long in rich company may have developed notions 86 00:05:20,620 --> 00:05:21,660 of grandeur. 87 00:05:22,180 --> 00:05:25,160 To be vice president is a little too close. 88 00:05:25,760 --> 00:05:30,420 A little too close, friend Knox. You've no reason to suppose he'd interfere with 89 00:05:30,420 --> 00:05:35,080 any of your programs. He knows as well as you do that we need a sound currency. 90 00:05:35,640 --> 00:05:41,700 And besides, he's a man of wide experience. He negotiated with both the 91 00:05:41,700 --> 00:05:42,700 and English. 92 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:44,980 I would have preferred a man with less experience. 93 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:50,200 Men with a long way to climb are usually more amenable to assistance on the way 94 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:53,820 up. Who are the alternatives, then? There are always alternatives. 95 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:56,500 Most governments are run by alternatives. 96 00:05:57,460 --> 00:06:00,000 Except, of course, when someone is indispensable. 97 00:06:01,820 --> 00:06:04,780 But let us take the measure of Mr. Adams. 98 00:06:05,760 --> 00:06:07,120 Go to him, friend Knox. 99 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:09,380 Sound out his ambitions. 100 00:06:14,100 --> 00:06:15,100 Boys, 101 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:18,680 be careful with your mother's furniture. 102 00:06:20,840 --> 00:06:21,900 You see... 103 00:06:22,670 --> 00:06:24,430 Just look at the condition of the furniture. 104 00:06:25,510 --> 00:06:27,670 It's all chipped and scarred. 105 00:06:28,130 --> 00:06:30,390 We never should have tried to bring it across the ocean. 106 00:06:30,670 --> 00:06:34,870 I don't care if we have to sit on the floor. It is the greatest feeling in the 107 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:38,090 world to be in our own home again, in our own country at last. 108 00:06:38,830 --> 00:06:41,310 Where shall I set it, ma 'am? Oh, anywhere. 109 00:06:41,610 --> 00:06:43,090 Oh, here, on this packing case. 110 00:06:45,530 --> 00:06:46,530 Oh, thank you. 111 00:06:47,450 --> 00:06:48,450 Thank you, Esther. 112 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:54,740 Here is a warming letter from Benjamin Rush. 113 00:06:55,280 --> 00:07:00,620 He says, I have laid the world and posterity under great obligations and 114 00:07:00,620 --> 00:07:01,980 will become the vice president. 115 00:07:03,200 --> 00:07:06,680 Mr. Stiles writes in the same vein from Yale. 116 00:07:08,020 --> 00:07:13,020 Mr. Arthur Lee, who it seems is greatly opposed to federal government, also 117 00:07:13,020 --> 00:07:15,840 hopes I will be elected. Now, that's surprising, isn't it? 118 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:18,360 It doesn't surprise me. 119 00:07:18,990 --> 00:07:22,370 Well, I've been away for ten years. I didn't expect it. 120 00:07:23,070 --> 00:07:27,910 I'm not even sure I want it. I shall oppose it with all my strength if it 121 00:07:27,910 --> 00:07:29,750 interferes with getting this house in order. 122 00:07:32,250 --> 00:07:34,070 Shall I consider it, Abigail? 123 00:07:35,950 --> 00:07:38,690 You've considered it ever since the union was conceived. 124 00:07:41,370 --> 00:07:45,570 I've been away for so long. There are wheels within wheels that I do not 125 00:07:45,570 --> 00:07:46,570 understand. 126 00:07:47,050 --> 00:07:50,190 New factions and loyalties that I'm not aware of. 127 00:07:51,970 --> 00:07:54,330 Should I seriously consider it? 128 00:07:55,370 --> 00:07:58,950 Oh, you enigma of the ages. 129 00:08:01,090 --> 00:08:02,090 Have a bun. 130 00:08:04,830 --> 00:08:06,390 You are to be envied. 131 00:08:06,890 --> 00:08:11,090 Far from the noise and crush of the city, New York's in... 132 00:08:11,290 --> 00:08:17,630 You wade knee -deep through mud assailed by smells and footpads. 133 00:08:18,090 --> 00:08:21,390 Oh, and the pretensions of what passes for society. 134 00:08:22,850 --> 00:08:24,170 After London. 135 00:08:25,770 --> 00:08:27,910 I think I would enjoy New York. 136 00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:31,090 We would be near our daughter and our grandchildren. 137 00:08:31,770 --> 00:08:36,309 Besides, General, here in Braintree, I have to compete with all the cows for my 138 00:08:36,309 --> 00:08:37,309 husband's attention. 139 00:08:38,619 --> 00:08:42,260 General Knox, you're concerned, are you not, about my political intentions? 140 00:08:42,700 --> 00:08:44,380 Of course I am concerned. 141 00:08:44,660 --> 00:08:47,100 We're all concerned. 142 00:08:47,640 --> 00:08:49,740 You have a great following. 143 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:51,540 And rightly so. 144 00:08:51,780 --> 00:08:54,640 The name of Adams stands high among our countrymen. 145 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:57,120 Thank you, sir, but your concern... Let me be blunt. 146 00:08:57,580 --> 00:09:03,920 In my opinion, you deserve the highest honor, the worthiest tribute to the 147 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:05,820 service you have done this nation. 148 00:09:06,600 --> 00:09:07,600 To be. 149 00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:14,880 Vice president is to be little more than a figurehead. It's to be second best at 150 00:09:14,880 --> 00:09:17,480 most. An alternative. 151 00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:21,920 I consider it no indignity to take second place to Washington. 152 00:09:22,740 --> 00:09:27,480 You should take second place to no man, sir. You deserve the best. 153 00:09:27,800 --> 00:09:29,440 May I be blunt, General? 154 00:09:29,980 --> 00:09:35,100 There has been talk, a great deal of talk for many quarters. I have paid 155 00:09:35,100 --> 00:09:36,100 heed to it. 156 00:09:36,590 --> 00:09:40,130 If it will reassure you, I shall not seek office. 157 00:09:41,470 --> 00:09:45,630 If, on the other hand, the people in their goodness should offer me the vice 158 00:09:45,630 --> 00:09:48,230 -presidency... You would not refuse it? 159 00:09:48,930 --> 00:09:51,710 Well, the will of the people, sir, is supreme. 160 00:09:52,070 --> 00:09:56,370 I would consider it a signal discourtesy to the nation if I refused. 161 00:10:15,560 --> 00:10:18,760 I was not worried. I was secure, whatever the outcome. 162 00:10:19,760 --> 00:10:21,820 But you are happier this way. 163 00:10:22,540 --> 00:10:23,540 Well, perhaps. 164 00:10:23,940 --> 00:10:25,560 And perhaps not. 165 00:10:26,340 --> 00:10:27,600 Oh, John. 166 00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:31,760 You must allow yourself a little comfort. 167 00:10:34,320 --> 00:10:35,880 Even a little pride. 168 00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:38,140 Well... Oh! 169 00:10:42,380 --> 00:10:45,060 Yes, that's what this election boiled down to, Abigail. 170 00:10:46,220 --> 00:10:48,680 My pride or my serenity. 171 00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:55,180 If I had not been elected, it would have wounded my pride, but preserved my 172 00:10:55,180 --> 00:11:00,340 serenity. As it turned out, they have destroyed my serenity, but gratified my 173 00:11:00,340 --> 00:11:01,340 vanity. 174 00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:04,980 Now that, sir, is chop logic of the highest order. 175 00:11:06,040 --> 00:11:07,040 Admit it. 176 00:11:08,260 --> 00:11:09,400 Admit you're pleased. 177 00:11:12,620 --> 00:11:18,960 All right, I confess I am pleased to be the first vice president of the United 178 00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:24,840 States of America, whatever that office turns out to be. 179 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:28,520 And it came about just as you said it must. 180 00:11:29,960 --> 00:11:34,520 The people had to seek you out and bring the office to you. 181 00:11:38,030 --> 00:11:40,730 It was one thing not to ask for support here in Massachusetts. 182 00:11:41,190 --> 00:11:45,150 Oh, I couldn't. It was remarkable that people from as far away as Carolina and 183 00:11:45,150 --> 00:11:47,510 Virginia voted for you and not their own men. 184 00:11:50,190 --> 00:11:52,110 You are the vice president, Mr. Adams. 185 00:11:53,650 --> 00:11:55,150 And thank God for it. 186 00:11:55,870 --> 00:12:00,110 But I'm still at a disadvantage having been away so long. There are things that 187 00:12:00,110 --> 00:12:02,150 I can only sense. 188 00:12:02,830 --> 00:12:04,030 The new forces. 189 00:12:05,130 --> 00:12:07,990 Men who call themselves anti -federalists. 190 00:12:08,730 --> 00:12:10,870 Faces I don't even recognize. 191 00:12:12,130 --> 00:12:13,330 Charles will be with you. 192 00:12:13,930 --> 00:12:16,030 Certainly that is not a new face to you. 193 00:12:16,510 --> 00:12:18,970 And you must join me as soon as possible. 194 00:12:19,910 --> 00:12:23,070 I've never been very good alone without you. 195 00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:27,210 Your advice is something that I... Can come by letter just as well. 196 00:12:27,910 --> 00:12:32,050 You must admit we've been separated before, and by many more miles. 197 00:12:32,790 --> 00:12:33,790 Yes, but... 198 00:12:34,170 --> 00:12:39,210 Having just moved into this new house, the house of your dreams, there's still 199 00:12:39,210 --> 00:12:40,490 so much work to be done. 200 00:12:41,010 --> 00:12:45,290 It seems to me I am always leaving you to join me when things are settled. 201 00:12:47,650 --> 00:12:49,870 We are never truly separated, John. 202 00:12:50,550 --> 00:12:52,390 You are always a part of my life. 203 00:12:52,610 --> 00:12:54,630 Oh. And you always will be. 204 00:12:55,910 --> 00:12:58,650 And soon you'll be able to see Nabi and her children. 205 00:13:00,070 --> 00:13:05,660 When I went to see the new baby, I must admit, I found I quite like the city. 206 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:07,340 So much activity. 207 00:13:07,780 --> 00:13:10,020 Oh, New York is the center of culture. 208 00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:11,560 And government. 209 00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:12,880 And society. 210 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:16,280 We must buy you some new clothes. 211 00:13:16,780 --> 00:13:19,480 What for? I have enough for any purpose. 212 00:13:19,700 --> 00:13:24,140 All those suits I had made in Europe. You must dress to fit the office, Mr. 213 00:13:24,220 --> 00:13:25,220 Adams. 214 00:13:27,080 --> 00:13:29,060 Men judge the package by the wrapping. 215 00:13:30,890 --> 00:13:35,210 Do you remember those many years ago when you went to Philadelphia to the 216 00:13:35,210 --> 00:13:36,210 Continental Congress? 217 00:13:36,910 --> 00:13:39,550 Dressed so plainly, so severely. 218 00:13:40,650 --> 00:13:43,790 And the first thing I laid eyes on was Cousin Sam. 219 00:13:44,330 --> 00:13:47,930 All fitted out in a new suit, strutting around like a peacock. 220 00:13:48,350 --> 00:13:52,090 Well, now it is your turn to strut a little. No ifs or buts. 221 00:13:52,310 --> 00:13:53,430 It shall be done. 222 00:13:54,310 --> 00:13:57,390 You may be the vice president, but I am your wife, sir. 223 00:13:58,250 --> 00:14:00,190 I shall send you off respectable. 224 00:14:01,470 --> 00:14:07,870 I know New York is only the temporary 225 00:14:07,870 --> 00:14:10,410 capital, but it is the capital of the nation. 226 00:14:11,010 --> 00:14:14,130 Is this bet the city can afford its vice president? 227 00:14:14,930 --> 00:14:16,870 No carpets or curtains? 228 00:14:17,990 --> 00:14:19,970 What are we, a nation of bankrupt? 229 00:14:21,040 --> 00:14:24,900 Don't worry about it, Father. It's not important. We can buy our own furniture. 230 00:14:25,040 --> 00:14:26,720 This room is unworthy of the office. 231 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,680 Well, if I'm to be your secretary, I must sit somewhere. Where do you think? 232 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:33,900 Well, I would suggest there, Charles. 233 00:14:38,180 --> 00:14:39,180 Mr. 234 00:14:46,920 --> 00:14:47,920 Vice President. 235 00:14:48,340 --> 00:14:51,320 Mr. Izzard, how... Good to see you again. 236 00:14:51,580 --> 00:14:54,600 So you are a distinguished senator now. Oh, indeed. 237 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:56,860 And I brought along two of my comrades. 238 00:14:57,100 --> 00:15:00,420 They were most anxious to meet you. Senator William McClay of Pennsylvania. 239 00:15:00,700 --> 00:15:04,060 An honor, sir. It's a pleasure, Mr. McClay. And John Langdon. 240 00:15:04,560 --> 00:15:08,880 President Pro Tem of the Senate. My heartiest congratulations, Mr. Adams. 241 00:15:08,880 --> 00:15:12,540 you, Mr. Langdon. Gentlemen, this is my son, Charles, who's going to serve as my 242 00:15:12,540 --> 00:15:16,400 secretary. You may find us a bit rough and ruddy after your time with those 243 00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:20,160 polished Londoners. Oh, I have never found Americans to be lacking in good 244 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:21,420 manners, Mr. MacLean. 245 00:15:21,840 --> 00:15:26,760 My dear Vice President, let me introduce myself. I am Alexander Hamilton. I had 246 00:15:26,760 --> 00:15:27,900 to come at once to meet you. 247 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:31,660 Well, it is an honor to meet you at long last, Mr. Hamilton. 248 00:15:31,900 --> 00:15:35,360 What a happy day for America to see you as the presiding officer of the Senate. 249 00:15:35,580 --> 00:15:39,660 Not as yet officially, Mr. Hamilton, and we must see to that. Come, gentlemen. 250 00:15:40,080 --> 00:15:42,160 Let's see if the Senate is as yet seated. 251 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:47,720 It will be my pleasure to present you. You are most kind, Mr. Langdon. 252 00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:54,940 I have looked forward to meeting the young man who worked so hard for our 253 00:15:54,940 --> 00:15:55,940 Constitution. 254 00:15:56,120 --> 00:15:58,120 I have, of course, read your Federalist papers. 255 00:15:58,500 --> 00:15:59,760 You do me too much honor, sir. 256 00:16:00,180 --> 00:16:04,220 Your communications from England were, of course, invaluable to us here. Thank 257 00:16:04,220 --> 00:16:05,780 you. But so much work remains. 258 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:10,780 I have plans for currency, trade, the sovereignty of this country. Yes, as 259 00:16:10,780 --> 00:16:14,320 as possible, Mr. Hamilton. I am most eager to hear your ideas. 260 00:16:15,260 --> 00:16:17,600 What a glorious moment this must be for you, sir. 261 00:16:18,260 --> 00:16:20,840 The Congress's confidence in you was most impressive. 262 00:16:21,580 --> 00:16:26,300 I have only one regret, that Mrs. Adams and my other boys could not be here for 263 00:16:26,300 --> 00:16:27,300 the inauguration. 264 00:16:27,380 --> 00:16:29,180 And my friend, Mr. Jefferson. 265 00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:34,480 Oh, Mr. Jefferson seems happily enough engaged in Paris, cultivating the 266 00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:36,120 nobility and extolling the masses. 267 00:16:36,800 --> 00:16:40,400 Mr. Adams, the Senate awaits you. 268 00:16:41,360 --> 00:16:42,400 Oh, my goodness. 269 00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:44,440 Charles? 270 00:16:46,580 --> 00:16:47,900 Will you excuse her? 271 00:17:08,659 --> 00:17:15,280 Gentlemen, we must not forget that the eyes of the world are focused 272 00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:16,740 upon the United States. 273 00:17:17,339 --> 00:17:22,400 We are to gain the respect of nations who may in the future become our allies, 274 00:17:22,599 --> 00:17:27,640 with whom we will sign treaties and trade agreements. We must conduct 275 00:17:27,640 --> 00:17:30,000 in a manner worthy of this august body. 276 00:17:32,370 --> 00:17:37,950 I therefore crave your indulgence if I approach this problem first with the 277 00:17:37,950 --> 00:17:40,810 question of terms of address for public officials. 278 00:17:41,170 --> 00:17:43,970 In other words, the designation of titles. 279 00:17:44,430 --> 00:17:50,890 What's that? What's he coming to? The inauguration of our first president will 280 00:17:50,890 --> 00:17:52,070 be shortly upon us. 281 00:17:52,330 --> 00:17:54,870 Now, in what manner are we to address him? 282 00:17:55,150 --> 00:18:00,010 In what manner is he to be addressed by foreign ambassadors and heads of state? 283 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:05,500 As you know, in monarchies, it is the custom to refer to the ruler as his 284 00:18:05,500 --> 00:18:12,040 majesty. It is patently absurd to refer to the president of a republic as his 285 00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:13,040 majesty. 286 00:18:14,340 --> 00:18:19,440 Yes, I am quite aware of that, sir. I am merely enumerating the titles currently 287 00:18:19,440 --> 00:18:25,540 in use. I have the strongest aversion to all such European distinctions. And my 288 00:18:25,540 --> 00:18:28,120 conscience would forbid me to call any American... 289 00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:31,660 Your Majesty, or Your Royal Highness, or Your Royal Highness. 290 00:18:33,620 --> 00:18:39,700 Would your conscience permit you to call the president your elective majesty, as 291 00:18:39,700 --> 00:18:40,700 they do in Poland? 292 00:18:40,940 --> 00:18:45,880 Oh! They have the death most honourable. Forget those that people drank. 293 00:18:46,680 --> 00:18:47,680 Mr. 294 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:55,080 McClay. Gentlemen, gentlemen, are we the same Americans who fought at Lexington 295 00:18:55,080 --> 00:18:57,800 and conquered against a tyranny supported by privilege? 296 00:18:58,280 --> 00:19:00,700 of which such titles are the abominable symbol. 297 00:19:04,120 --> 00:19:08,560 Americans or not, Mr. McClay, we have to call the president something. 298 00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:10,860 Now, do I hear a motion? 299 00:19:30,760 --> 00:19:35,240 When the Senate receives General Washington, where should he be placed? 300 00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:41,380 Should we stand or sit, Mr. Isard? As I recall, sir, in Great Britain, it is the 301 00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:45,040 custom to receive the king seated in the Lords, but standing in the Commons. 302 00:19:45,140 --> 00:19:49,020 That is correct. They stand in the Commons, sir, because they have no damn 303 00:19:49,020 --> 00:19:50,340 chairs to sit on. 304 00:19:51,360 --> 00:19:53,280 We have chairs, sir. 305 00:19:53,540 --> 00:19:56,260 So for God's sake, sir, let us sit. 306 00:19:56,580 --> 00:19:57,820 We are free Americans. 307 00:19:58,750 --> 00:20:00,730 and they'd show deference to no man. 308 00:20:05,230 --> 00:20:12,110 These matters may seem tedious 309 00:20:12,110 --> 00:20:16,250 and inconsequential, gentlemen, but we must remember that this government will 310 00:20:16,250 --> 00:20:18,110 exist for many hundreds of years. 311 00:20:18,730 --> 00:20:22,470 We must establish a sound and dignified tradition. 312 00:20:33,740 --> 00:20:40,320 I ask this august body, am I to be seated beside him or above him or below 313 00:20:40,380 --> 00:20:43,200 Shall I face him or present my backside? 314 00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:49,000 What a spectacle. Adam's talk for two hours. Adam's talk for two hours. 315 00:20:49,260 --> 00:20:52,140 the one vital topic of where the president should be seated. 316 00:20:53,140 --> 00:20:57,520 But Mr. Adams has spent years in the refined company of princes. He 317 00:20:57,520 --> 00:20:58,560 the value of protocol. 318 00:20:58,960 --> 00:20:59,960 Oh, yes. 319 00:21:00,020 --> 00:21:03,440 And we vulgar souls in the Senate must try not to disappoint him. 320 00:21:23,280 --> 00:21:26,500 I must call this assembly to order. 321 00:21:27,440 --> 00:21:29,400 General Washington has arrived. 322 00:21:56,960 --> 00:22:03,320 Mr. Adams, it is an honor to welcome you, Mr. President. 323 00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:10,860 This is a great day for the nation, for all of us. 324 00:22:13,320 --> 00:22:16,020 It is all of you who do me too much honor. 325 00:22:44,200 --> 00:22:48,580 You do solemnly swear that you will faithfully execute the office of 326 00:22:48,580 --> 00:22:53,880 of the United States and will, to the best of your ability, preserve, protect 327 00:22:53,880 --> 00:22:58,020 and defend the Constitution of the United States. 328 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:04,140 I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of the 329 00:23:04,140 --> 00:23:09,960 of the United States and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect 330 00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:12,720 defend the Constitution of the United States. 331 00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:14,640 So help me God. 332 00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:51,600 A new president for a new nation. 333 00:23:52,620 --> 00:23:55,760 Prospects for both seemed bright on the day of the inauguration. 334 00:23:56,240 --> 00:24:01,320 But Washington himself recognized that an ocean of difficulties lay ahead. 335 00:24:02,460 --> 00:24:06,460 One of the greatest was steering a neutral course between those historic 336 00:24:06,460 --> 00:24:09,060 European rivals, Great Britain and France. 337 00:24:09,620 --> 00:24:12,540 Each country had its champion in Washington's cabinet. 338 00:24:14,220 --> 00:24:18,000 Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton favored the British. 339 00:24:18,700 --> 00:24:22,000 He believed the essential interests of Britain and the United States, 340 00:24:22,120 --> 00:24:24,420 politically and commercially, were the same. 341 00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:30,680 Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson favored France. 342 00:24:31,200 --> 00:24:34,740 His goal was to cement ties with the French revolutionary government. 343 00:24:35,200 --> 00:24:39,120 He disliked and distrusted the British almost as much as he did Hamilton. 344 00:24:50,410 --> 00:24:51,950 Don't forget the liaison, Polly. 345 00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:58,290 You'll never learn to speak French. It is impossible. 346 00:24:58,950 --> 00:25:00,910 The most beautiful language in the world. 347 00:25:01,370 --> 00:25:03,390 You think everything French is the most beautiful. 348 00:25:04,590 --> 00:25:06,990 Look, Patsy, this is buckwheat. 349 00:25:07,610 --> 00:25:10,350 You see what improved cultivation does to the sea. 350 00:25:10,790 --> 00:25:12,690 It's a valuable source of food for the poor. 351 00:25:19,030 --> 00:25:20,030 Mr. 352 00:25:20,510 --> 00:25:21,610 Madison, to see you soon. 353 00:25:22,730 --> 00:25:24,890 Is this an inconvenient time, James? 354 00:25:25,170 --> 00:25:26,810 James, welcome back. 355 00:25:27,390 --> 00:25:29,970 Tell us, what gossip do you bring us from the capital? Oh, Mr. Madison, what 356 00:25:29,970 --> 00:25:30,970 have you brought us for this day? 357 00:25:31,550 --> 00:25:35,750 Oh, thank you. And this is for you, Miss Patrick. Oh, thank you, Mr. Madison. 358 00:25:36,090 --> 00:25:37,530 You spoil my mixes. 359 00:25:38,450 --> 00:25:41,110 And now for you, Thomas, news from Paris. 360 00:25:41,470 --> 00:25:42,650 Oh, fine, fine. 361 00:25:43,350 --> 00:25:45,670 I can't tell you how good it is to see you again. 362 00:25:46,120 --> 00:25:48,500 Now, may I get you some refreshment? 363 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:52,260 I fear they've drunk too strong a draught of revolution, my friend. 364 00:25:52,500 --> 00:25:53,740 Ah, yes, yes, well. 365 00:25:54,040 --> 00:25:58,460 As Louis and Marie Antoinette have been imprisoned, the king is to be tried. No 366 00:25:58,460 --> 00:25:59,460 time is set yet. 367 00:25:59,620 --> 00:26:04,660 And poor Madame Lambelle, brutally murdered because she would not take an 368 00:26:04,660 --> 00:26:05,660 against the monarchy. 369 00:26:06,300 --> 00:26:10,220 My God, Thomas, they carried her head about on a pike before the queen's 370 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:12,980 Well, some bloodletting was to be expected. 371 00:26:14,120 --> 00:26:15,700 But, James, it's bad blood. 372 00:26:16,360 --> 00:26:18,300 Poisoned by centuries of false ideas. 373 00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:21,820 What a fool he was. 374 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:27,440 He had a golden opportunity to sweep away the whole rotten system and he let 375 00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:28,440 slip through his fingers. 376 00:26:29,660 --> 00:26:33,360 Hamilton will try to use these new developments to discredit you. 377 00:26:35,140 --> 00:26:36,140 Perhaps. 378 00:26:38,300 --> 00:26:42,640 But the American people will not stand for Hamilton and the Federalists making 379 00:26:42,640 --> 00:26:44,950 our... government an imitation of the British. 380 00:26:45,210 --> 00:26:48,490 We must have a true Republican government. 381 00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:51,610 And you are the man to give it to us, Mr. Jefferson. 382 00:26:53,050 --> 00:26:56,910 Well, not this presidential election. 383 00:26:57,850 --> 00:27:01,450 No one can win against Washington. He must have a second term. 384 00:27:02,190 --> 00:27:04,730 But Vice President Adams is in a weaker spot. 385 00:27:06,670 --> 00:27:07,910 He's my friend, James. 386 00:27:08,410 --> 00:27:09,490 And a man of honor. 387 00:27:10,090 --> 00:27:12,530 He is too much under Hamilton's influence. 388 00:27:13,450 --> 00:27:15,630 This is a fight. We must use any weapons. 389 00:27:15,890 --> 00:27:18,130 Mr. Adams should be unseated. 390 00:27:22,830 --> 00:27:27,390 Washington and Adams were both elected to a second term, which opened in the 391 00:27:27,390 --> 00:27:28,750 shadow of a European war. 392 00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:33,890 Elements of American political dissension now coalesced into rival 393 00:27:33,890 --> 00:27:39,830 parties. The Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson, and the Federalists, led by 394 00:27:39,830 --> 00:27:40,830 Alexander Hamilton. 395 00:27:42,030 --> 00:27:44,330 So now the fools have guillotined their king. 396 00:27:46,670 --> 00:27:49,110 The French have gone completely mad. 397 00:27:50,130 --> 00:27:51,190 Total insanity. 398 00:27:52,130 --> 00:27:57,050 Well, that is the kind of insanity our Secretary of State believes in. 399 00:27:58,070 --> 00:28:01,050 Citizen Jefferson is with us for another term, I fear. 400 00:28:01,310 --> 00:28:05,150 It should be some gratification that Washington and Adams are safely 401 00:28:05,150 --> 00:28:06,230 for another four years. 402 00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:10,630 Did you note this? 403 00:28:11,820 --> 00:28:16,220 It is thought that a coalition of European powers will mobilize against 404 00:28:16,220 --> 00:28:17,580 French revolutionary regime. 405 00:28:18,620 --> 00:28:22,640 If they don't crush the rebellion now, it will sweep through all of Europe. 406 00:28:23,120 --> 00:28:26,360 It will be Holland next, then England, then Prussia. 407 00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:29,740 I have no faith in the mob, Pickering. 408 00:28:30,480 --> 00:28:33,120 I know it is your fear that they will get power here. 409 00:28:33,900 --> 00:28:37,580 That would be the end of your carefully built banking system, the end of 410 00:28:37,580 --> 00:28:38,880 investment, the end of commerce. 411 00:28:39,470 --> 00:28:41,110 The end of all prosperity. 412 00:28:41,610 --> 00:28:44,030 Surely with your weight in the cabinet, Mr. Hamilton. 413 00:28:44,390 --> 00:28:50,510 If Mr. Hamilton... We can no longer delay, gentlemen. Monsieur Jeunet has 414 00:28:50,510 --> 00:28:51,510 reached Charleston. 415 00:28:51,730 --> 00:28:53,150 He will be upon us soon. 416 00:28:54,250 --> 00:28:58,310 Do we recognize him officially or do we not? Mr. President. 417 00:28:58,830 --> 00:28:59,850 Mr. Secretary. 418 00:29:00,130 --> 00:29:03,110 If it were not for France's help, we should not be gathered round this table, 419 00:29:03,170 --> 00:29:04,590 free men in a free republic. 420 00:29:05,040 --> 00:29:07,780 To withhold the hand of brotherhood in their supreme crisis would be an 421 00:29:07,780 --> 00:29:08,860 ignominious betrayal. 422 00:29:09,100 --> 00:29:12,660 We must receive Monsieur Genet with the full respect due a minister. 423 00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:16,920 Mr. President. Mr. Hamilton. In my opinion, no recognition can be given a 424 00:29:16,920 --> 00:29:19,100 government which is empowered solely by the right of violence. 425 00:29:19,360 --> 00:29:23,340 The atrocious crimes committed recently under its authority, culminating in the 426 00:29:23,340 --> 00:29:27,240 lawless murder of Louis XVI, stamp it as savage and irresponsible. 427 00:29:27,460 --> 00:29:30,700 We have a treaty, sir, and obligations which must be honored. 428 00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:35,420 Our duty is to the French nation, not to a cruel and unjust monarch who happened 429 00:29:35,420 --> 00:29:37,280 to be in power when a piece of paper was signed. 430 00:29:37,500 --> 00:29:40,260 I have not yet finished, Mr. Jefferson. Go on, Mr. Hamilton. 431 00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:41,600 Even your old friend Mr. 432 00:29:41,700 --> 00:29:45,520 Adams refused to receive the representative of this revolutionary 433 00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:49,360 regime which is currently engaged in war against the united powers of Europe, 434 00:29:49,580 --> 00:29:53,860 Great Britain, Holland, Prussia, and the Austrian Empire. Exactly my point. 435 00:29:54,380 --> 00:29:58,040 To repudiate the treaty with France puts a dangerous weapon in the hands of 436 00:29:58,040 --> 00:29:59,040 England. 437 00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:02,040 Oh, I'm most sorry to have interrupted Mr. Hamilton's oration. 438 00:30:02,720 --> 00:30:07,340 When the coalition is victorious, which is inevitable, the monarchy will be 439 00:30:07,340 --> 00:30:11,320 restored to the French throne. We must preserve our relations with the 440 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:16,680 legitimate regime to receive the envoy of the current temporary revolutionary 441 00:30:16,680 --> 00:30:21,060 government. would be a political blunder of the most far -reaching kind. I'm 442 00:30:21,060 --> 00:30:24,060 afraid Mr. Hamilton has misunderstood the entire point of our discussion. 443 00:30:24,060 --> 00:30:25,220 listen to me. Mr. 444 00:30:25,500 --> 00:30:28,640 Hamilton obviously does not understand what we've been saying. Mr. President! 445 00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:29,720 Mr. President! 446 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:37,000 Mrs. 447 00:30:37,760 --> 00:30:38,760 Bingham, ma 'am. 448 00:30:40,820 --> 00:30:41,820 Mrs. Bingham. 449 00:30:45,740 --> 00:30:46,740 My dear. 450 00:30:47,360 --> 00:30:48,360 I'm so sorry. 451 00:30:48,640 --> 00:30:51,580 I didn't know there had been a bereavement in your family. 452 00:30:51,860 --> 00:30:53,000 Do sit down. 453 00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:58,780 I am in mourning for the Queen of France, who was so brutally executed by 454 00:30:58,780 --> 00:31:00,100 ruffians who seized power. 455 00:31:00,380 --> 00:31:02,060 I'd hoped to find you likewise. 456 00:31:03,780 --> 00:31:08,580 Well, that was very tragic, but... My dear Mrs. Adams, ladies in our position 457 00:31:08,580 --> 00:31:12,660 must make their loyalties quite plain, and you are the Vice President's lady. 458 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:18,090 I dislike violence as much as anyone, but after all, we are first and foremost 459 00:31:18,090 --> 00:31:19,830 Americans. For how long? 460 00:31:20,130 --> 00:31:22,950 There's so much unbridled support for those monsters. 461 00:31:23,310 --> 00:31:27,570 Do you know that my maid, my personal maid, had the effrontery to appear 462 00:31:27,570 --> 00:31:28,870 me in a liberty bonnet? 463 00:31:29,310 --> 00:31:33,670 One of those cats those terrible women wear in Paris. Thank heavens for Mr. 464 00:31:33,850 --> 00:31:38,010 Hamilton. All of us who have property and social position should be down on 465 00:31:38,010 --> 00:31:41,490 knees in gratitude that there's one man with common sense in the government. 466 00:31:42,190 --> 00:31:45,770 There are plenty of men with common sense in the government, including the 467 00:31:45,770 --> 00:31:47,110 president and my husband. 468 00:31:47,770 --> 00:31:51,630 Frankly, Mrs. Bingham, I have little patience with these theatrical 469 00:31:52,430 --> 00:31:53,430 Posturing? 470 00:31:54,330 --> 00:31:57,290 Well... My dear. 471 00:31:58,490 --> 00:31:59,570 Mrs. Bingham. 472 00:32:00,070 --> 00:32:01,070 Good day, ma 'am. 473 00:32:03,550 --> 00:32:07,330 Mrs. Bingham has come to call because she is so upset about the execution of 474 00:32:07,330 --> 00:32:08,330 Marie Antoinette. 475 00:32:11,690 --> 00:32:15,090 And with reason. It was a brutal and unnecessary act. 476 00:32:15,290 --> 00:32:18,850 I've been trying to convince your wife of the extreme seriousness of our 477 00:32:18,850 --> 00:32:22,690 situation, Mr. Adams, but she seems to prefer a flippant attitude. 478 00:32:23,650 --> 00:32:25,550 Now I must be on my way. 479 00:32:25,830 --> 00:32:26,830 Good afternoon. 480 00:32:32,810 --> 00:32:33,810 Support Mr. 481 00:32:33,970 --> 00:32:35,210 Hamilton in all he does. 482 00:32:35,470 --> 00:32:38,270 Without him, I tremble for this nation. 483 00:32:45,840 --> 00:32:49,340 One would think the French Revolution were being fought here in the streets of 484 00:32:49,340 --> 00:32:52,060 Philadelphia. I am weary of hearing about it. 485 00:32:52,540 --> 00:32:54,080 And I am weary of Mr. 486 00:32:54,280 --> 00:32:58,200 Alexander Hamilton, the savior of the upper class. 487 00:32:58,600 --> 00:33:01,120 Well, if he is their savior, Thomas, Mr. 488 00:33:01,320 --> 00:33:02,900 Jefferson is their scourge. 489 00:33:03,200 --> 00:33:07,440 The two are like boys quarreling over a game of marbles. Yes, and their 490 00:33:07,440 --> 00:33:10,160 differences threaten to tear the fabric of government apart. 491 00:33:11,100 --> 00:33:14,540 Jefferson's faction are now calling themselves Republicans. They're setting 492 00:33:14,540 --> 00:33:18,820 an opposition party to Washington and the Federalists. While Mr. Hamilton puts 493 00:33:18,820 --> 00:33:22,260 himself about as a defender of commerce and the economy. 494 00:33:22,860 --> 00:33:25,800 If I were president... When you are president. 495 00:33:27,320 --> 00:33:31,520 I shall exile them both to a very small island and let them argue themselves 496 00:33:31,520 --> 00:33:32,520 into oblivion. 497 00:33:33,520 --> 00:33:34,860 What has happened, John? 498 00:33:35,500 --> 00:33:37,980 Mr. Jefferson was so beguiling in Paris. 499 00:33:39,240 --> 00:33:41,940 He had the most expansive mind in the world, then. 500 00:33:42,140 --> 00:33:47,800 His rigid politics have imprisoned his mind. He's become quite inflexible and 501 00:33:47,800 --> 00:33:51,640 obdurate. Mr. Jefferson is here, sir. He asked to be received. 502 00:33:51,880 --> 00:33:53,540 Jefferson? Of course. 503 00:33:53,880 --> 00:33:54,980 Please show him in. 504 00:33:58,020 --> 00:34:02,300 How odd that he should come just as we were talking of him. I was hoping for 505 00:34:02,300 --> 00:34:04,060 evening without a political argument. 506 00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:07,000 Is it all right? 507 00:34:07,390 --> 00:34:08,390 Am I acceptable? 508 00:34:08,409 --> 00:34:09,510 I'm never sure nowadays. 509 00:34:09,909 --> 00:34:13,750 You are always acceptable here. I bring you refreshment from Monticello. Such 510 00:34:13,750 --> 00:34:15,590 beautiful pears. Look, John. 511 00:34:15,870 --> 00:34:19,190 Oh, he is a wizard with those greenhouses of his. 512 00:34:19,690 --> 00:34:23,770 Mr. Vice President. Mr. Secretary. Oh, let's dispense with titles for one 513 00:34:23,770 --> 00:34:26,969 evening. Who in the Senate would believe John Adams ever said that? 514 00:34:27,989 --> 00:34:32,550 Mrs. Adams was reading me just the other day a letter we received from Patsy. My 515 00:34:32,550 --> 00:34:35,250 fondest turtle dove. Far from the nest now, John. 516 00:34:35,489 --> 00:34:36,168 But happy. 517 00:34:36,170 --> 00:34:37,330 Oh, yes, yes, quite happy. 518 00:34:37,810 --> 00:34:42,030 We must be growing old, ma 'am, when our infants present us with infants of 519 00:34:42,030 --> 00:34:45,370 their own. The grandchildren can be the greatest joy of all. 520 00:34:45,690 --> 00:34:46,690 You'll stay to supper. 521 00:34:48,110 --> 00:34:53,130 If you're sure I'm not intruding. It will be simple fare, not like those 522 00:34:53,130 --> 00:34:54,250 we used to have in Paris. 523 00:34:54,489 --> 00:34:55,610 I dream of them still. 524 00:34:57,250 --> 00:34:59,350 Would you care for some barley water? 525 00:34:59,970 --> 00:35:02,530 No. It's very helpful to the digestion. 526 00:35:03,370 --> 00:35:04,370 No, thank you. 527 00:35:07,990 --> 00:35:09,270 Sit down, Tom. 528 00:35:21,450 --> 00:35:22,450 It's hard, isn't it? 529 00:35:23,070 --> 00:35:27,590 When old friends attain high office, the friendship becomes stretched and 530 00:35:27,590 --> 00:35:33,650 strained. One wants to be simple and sincere as one used to be, but altered 531 00:35:33,650 --> 00:35:37,450 positions put one on stilts, and one talks at a disadvantage. 532 00:35:38,130 --> 00:35:41,450 It isn't high office. It's the design of politics. 533 00:35:43,470 --> 00:35:44,710 You know why I've come. 534 00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:49,350 Yes, to win me over to the support of the French government. 535 00:35:51,210 --> 00:35:55,210 You realize my position has been weakened by the Genet affair. 536 00:35:56,150 --> 00:35:57,170 I need your help. 537 00:35:58,570 --> 00:35:59,750 Are you persuadable? 538 00:36:02,010 --> 00:36:03,010 No. 539 00:36:03,870 --> 00:36:06,110 We cannot afford a war, Mr. Jefferson. 540 00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:10,630 And should we support France with the blood of her king still reeking from the 541 00:36:10,630 --> 00:36:14,570 guillotine scaffold, we would be drawn into a war with every monarchy in 542 00:36:14,650 --> 00:36:18,090 The French gave us aid when it seemed we were fighting against impossible odds. 543 00:36:18,230 --> 00:36:21,810 Yes, but when we won, we did not execute Generals Howe and Cornwallis. 544 00:36:22,030 --> 00:36:25,870 We did not bind young couples together and roast them alive in the public 545 00:36:25,870 --> 00:36:30,650 square. How could you defend the trial of Marie Antoinette? That was an outrage 546 00:36:30,650 --> 00:36:34,630 to human decency. That was the work of a handful of fanatics. That was the work 547 00:36:34,630 --> 00:36:35,630 of a vicious mob. 548 00:36:36,450 --> 00:36:38,850 Hamilton is right in his suspicions of the mob. 549 00:36:39,110 --> 00:36:41,110 How can you find Hamilton right in anything? 550 00:36:41,350 --> 00:36:45,210 There is much good sense in what he says, sir. He argues from a moral and a 551 00:36:45,210 --> 00:36:46,930 legal position which I admire. 552 00:36:48,010 --> 00:36:52,530 There must be laws to prevent anarchy. We cannot allow the wild men of France 553 00:36:52,530 --> 00:36:53,930 jeopardize our newly won security. 554 00:36:54,490 --> 00:36:56,450 Hamilton says all that, and he is right. 555 00:36:59,150 --> 00:37:00,310 Will you come, gentlemen? 556 00:37:00,570 --> 00:37:01,870 Our meal is served. 557 00:37:02,590 --> 00:37:05,150 Mrs. Adams, I must beg you to excuse me. 558 00:37:06,120 --> 00:37:07,620 I see I'm no longer welcome here. 559 00:37:08,120 --> 00:37:12,260 Oh, come now, Thomas. Can we not argue like grown men? This is not a debate, 560 00:37:12,420 --> 00:37:13,820 sir. This is the life of our nation. 561 00:37:15,960 --> 00:37:18,680 I now know I have no recourse but to leave the cabinet. 562 00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:25,940 Well, I wish we could part with our friendship intact. 563 00:37:29,860 --> 00:37:31,280 But I see that is impossible. 564 00:37:34,120 --> 00:37:36,740 Politics have severed the bonds between us. 565 00:37:40,040 --> 00:37:41,040 Yes. 566 00:37:51,720 --> 00:37:58,700 John Adams, 567 00:37:58,920 --> 00:38:02,120 like the United States, was caught between conflicting forces. 568 00:38:02,940 --> 00:38:07,320 The country was buffeted between France and England, Adams between the 569 00:38:07,320 --> 00:38:11,520 ideologies of his once dear friend Jefferson and those of the leader of his 570 00:38:11,520 --> 00:38:12,540 party, Hamilton. 571 00:38:12,880 --> 00:38:17,640 In February 1793, France declared war against Great Britain. 572 00:38:18,360 --> 00:38:23,420 Federalist leaders tilted toward America's one -time enemy until 573 00:38:23,420 --> 00:38:28,140 the British reinterpreted international law and gave naval commanders power to 574 00:38:28,140 --> 00:38:32,040 seize all neutral ships carrying provisions to the French West Indies. 575 00:38:40,080 --> 00:38:45,100 Gentlemen, England has terrorized our borders, slaughtered our citizens, 576 00:38:45,340 --> 00:38:46,400 plundered our settlements. 577 00:38:46,880 --> 00:38:51,800 She has sequestered our properties, subjected our ships to seizure and 578 00:38:52,160 --> 00:38:58,260 And now, now she casts odium and insult upon our flag. 579 00:38:59,300 --> 00:39:03,740 I say there can be no other remedy but war. 580 00:39:40,880 --> 00:39:43,860 The voices of the people echo the voices of their leaders. 581 00:39:45,160 --> 00:39:48,820 Once again, the populace cries for war against British oppression. 582 00:39:50,220 --> 00:39:55,180 Once again, effigies of King George III burn in the streets of American cities. 583 00:40:22,799 --> 00:40:24,360 insults. We're ready to fight them now. 584 00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:28,740 We'll sink every one of their ships and we'll string up every one of their 585 00:40:28,740 --> 00:40:33,940 soldiers. We want war! We want war! 586 00:40:34,180 --> 00:40:36,520 I turn to your homes. He's a friend of the king. 587 00:40:37,540 --> 00:40:40,360 You serve no purpose by these riotous demonstrations. 588 00:40:40,900 --> 00:40:44,660 The government is well aware of the situation and will make the best 589 00:40:44,660 --> 00:40:47,620 due time. We won't wait for the government. We want war now! 590 00:40:49,860 --> 00:40:52,060 He's in the pay of the British. Always has been. 591 00:40:52,780 --> 00:40:55,860 I have to write the declaration that gave you your independence. 592 00:40:56,660 --> 00:40:58,280 Now return to your homes. 593 00:40:58,740 --> 00:41:01,360 Wait until President Washington makes his decision. 594 00:41:01,620 --> 00:41:02,620 Will I be war? 595 00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:34,819 Mrs. Adams. 596 00:41:34,820 --> 00:41:38,780 No letters, huh? No, sir, but there is someone waiting to see you in the 597 00:41:39,560 --> 00:41:42,020 Who is it? 598 00:41:46,540 --> 00:41:49,280 Johnny. Oh, my dear Johnny. 599 00:41:49,560 --> 00:41:52,260 Oh, what a wonderful surprise. 600 00:41:53,400 --> 00:41:57,420 When did you get here? You sent no word. I came on an impulse, Father. 601 00:41:58,740 --> 00:42:02,140 You look tired. Is your practice overworking you? 602 00:42:02,920 --> 00:42:05,520 Well, what news of your mother? Have you been to visit her? 603 00:42:05,740 --> 00:42:09,240 She's in great fettle, running the farm like an admiral from the flagship. 604 00:42:10,600 --> 00:42:15,380 Her rheumatism pains still bother her, but your absence bothers her much more, 605 00:42:15,500 --> 00:42:20,820 Father. Oh, my dear boy, there is no purgatory on earth like being a 606 00:42:21,840 --> 00:42:26,240 Marry at all costs. A house without a woman is like a desert. 607 00:42:27,060 --> 00:42:31,200 I come home to empty rooms, evenings that never end. 608 00:42:31,770 --> 00:42:34,490 You go out, you dine with all the fine folks in town. 609 00:42:34,790 --> 00:42:38,870 Well, Vanity Fair has no pleasures for me without your mother. 610 00:42:39,790 --> 00:42:44,370 Did you come through New York? Did you see Charles or Nabby? Yes, they both 611 00:42:44,370 --> 00:42:44,988 their love. 612 00:42:44,990 --> 00:42:46,370 They're in good health and happy. 613 00:42:47,430 --> 00:42:49,850 The city has gone mad with war fever. 614 00:42:50,350 --> 00:42:54,570 The Jeffersonians rattle their sabers and the mobs call out day and night 615 00:42:54,570 --> 00:42:55,570 against Hamilton. 616 00:42:55,630 --> 00:42:57,130 Yes, as they do here. 617 00:42:57,950 --> 00:43:00,630 My name also echoes in the streets. 618 00:43:01,550 --> 00:43:03,870 How does the Congress react to all this, Father? 619 00:43:04,670 --> 00:43:09,590 The opposing factions threaten to bring us to the brink of disaster. 620 00:43:10,930 --> 00:43:16,650 Jefferson's followers think to punish the British with this new non 621 00:43:16,650 --> 00:43:17,650 bill. 622 00:43:18,090 --> 00:43:22,910 They would suspend all trade and diplomatic relations with Great Britain 623 00:43:22,910 --> 00:43:27,290 we have been compensated for the ships and cargoes that they seized. And until 624 00:43:27,290 --> 00:43:30,370 our neutrality has been recognized for good. 625 00:43:30,970 --> 00:43:33,450 Do you feel the bill will pass in the Senate, Father? 626 00:43:33,730 --> 00:43:37,950 Well, if it does, it will certainly mean another war with England that could end 627 00:43:37,950 --> 00:43:39,130 all we have accomplished. 628 00:43:40,450 --> 00:43:42,930 The planning and building of the nation. 629 00:43:44,390 --> 00:43:47,310 God knows the British have given us cause. 630 00:43:48,250 --> 00:43:49,710 Cause is enough for a war? 631 00:43:50,070 --> 00:43:51,390 Well, many think so. 632 00:43:52,550 --> 00:43:59,010 I feel for the sufferers, but war would mean an even greater burden. Hamilton is 633 00:43:59,010 --> 00:44:00,170 right in some respects. 634 00:44:00,830 --> 00:44:03,670 We are unprepared and ill -equipped for battle. 635 00:44:03,910 --> 00:44:08,510 We have no standing army, no navy, and no allies to come to our assistance. 636 00:44:09,730 --> 00:44:10,930 Father, what will you do? 637 00:44:12,550 --> 00:44:17,010 Well, I have little voice, Johnny. I am merely the vice president. 638 00:44:18,070 --> 00:44:23,930 The most insignificant job ever conceived by the mind of man. I sit and 639 00:44:23,930 --> 00:44:30,070 over the Senate and watch our nation move into its greatest peril. 640 00:44:31,400 --> 00:44:32,580 Unable to intervene. 641 00:44:33,840 --> 00:44:36,200 Well, I mustn't sound like Cassandra. 642 00:44:38,860 --> 00:44:41,240 Now, why have you come so suddenly? 643 00:44:42,580 --> 00:44:47,380 I needed advice, but it seems now rather unimportant. 644 00:44:47,680 --> 00:44:50,160 Nothing is unimportant where you are concerned. 645 00:44:51,180 --> 00:44:52,400 Are you in debt? 646 00:44:52,800 --> 00:44:53,800 No. 647 00:44:53,880 --> 00:44:54,880 You're in trouble? 648 00:44:55,440 --> 00:44:57,260 Father, we can talk tomorrow. 649 00:44:57,780 --> 00:45:00,380 You've got too much on your mind now. Come now, come. 650 00:45:02,220 --> 00:45:04,440 You tell me what's troubling you. 651 00:45:06,100 --> 00:45:07,100 How to begin. 652 00:45:10,220 --> 00:45:11,220 I'm 26. 653 00:45:12,380 --> 00:45:14,220 And yet I make no progress. 654 00:45:15,740 --> 00:45:17,440 I seem unable to get ahead. 655 00:45:18,880 --> 00:45:19,880 I plod. 656 00:45:21,340 --> 00:45:24,540 I'm diligent, but nothing of importance seems to come my way. 657 00:45:26,200 --> 00:45:29,440 I don't seem able to impress the clients of the courts. 658 00:45:30,140 --> 00:45:34,340 I don't blame anyone, Father. It's something in me that's wanting. I'm sure 659 00:45:34,340 --> 00:45:35,500 it. I doubt that. 660 00:45:35,760 --> 00:45:36,760 What then? 661 00:45:36,980 --> 00:45:41,720 I'm well grounded in my profession, but the prizes all seem to go to the others. 662 00:45:42,800 --> 00:45:45,620 Even Charles, with that easy charm of his. 663 00:45:46,240 --> 00:45:47,600 I don't begrudge him, Father. 664 00:45:48,640 --> 00:45:52,600 I set out to be a thoroughbred, and I'm hopelessly a cart horse. Oh. 665 00:45:53,880 --> 00:45:55,520 I feel ashamed to tell you this. 666 00:45:57,740 --> 00:46:00,000 Now, in whom should you confide if not in me? 667 00:46:02,060 --> 00:46:08,840 Johnny, I know something of the world, and I have few 668 00:46:08,840 --> 00:46:09,840 illusions. 669 00:46:11,060 --> 00:46:15,000 Now, men are fools for the most part. 670 00:46:15,940 --> 00:46:19,320 Greedy, vain, ambitious, and frightened. 671 00:46:20,260 --> 00:46:22,420 You don't need much to win them over. 672 00:46:22,820 --> 00:46:25,480 You have to cut a figure for them, that's all. 673 00:46:27,210 --> 00:46:30,010 You should dress more elegantly. Go out more. 674 00:46:30,950 --> 00:46:35,090 You're handsome and you have good manners. Go to balls and dinners. 675 00:46:35,430 --> 00:46:38,490 Take some part in local politics. Make speeches. 676 00:46:39,670 --> 00:46:41,390 Put on a show for them. 677 00:46:41,630 --> 00:46:45,890 And you will be surprised how eager they will be to take you at your own 678 00:46:45,890 --> 00:46:46,890 evaluation. 679 00:46:47,710 --> 00:46:50,130 I lack the confidence for all of that. 680 00:46:50,850 --> 00:46:51,970 And the patience. 681 00:46:53,850 --> 00:46:54,850 At 26. 682 00:46:58,760 --> 00:46:59,760 than twice your age. 683 00:47:01,340 --> 00:47:02,940 And I'm still trying. 684 00:47:03,660 --> 00:47:05,060 But you've had a great career. 685 00:47:06,040 --> 00:47:08,300 You could be president if you set your mind to it. 686 00:47:08,700 --> 00:47:10,420 Oh, that takes thoroughbreds. 687 00:47:11,180 --> 00:47:13,340 There are only two in the nation. 688 00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:17,100 And they have both gone mad. 689 00:47:19,840 --> 00:47:21,520 But let me tell you something. 690 00:47:23,040 --> 00:47:25,440 Cart horses have their purpose, too. 691 00:47:34,250 --> 00:47:35,810 Those in favor of this bill. 692 00:47:36,130 --> 00:47:41,850 Those opposed. 693 00:47:43,650 --> 00:47:49,690 The tally? 694 00:47:50,130 --> 00:47:52,210 It appears to be evenly divided, sir. 695 00:47:53,710 --> 00:47:54,710 Are you certain? 696 00:47:54,870 --> 00:47:56,430 Thirteen in favor, thirteen against. 697 00:48:06,720 --> 00:48:08,600 Gentlemen, the vote is tied. 698 00:48:09,860 --> 00:48:15,180 As you know, in such circumstances, the President of the Senate is allowed a 699 00:48:15,180 --> 00:48:16,180 deciding vote. 700 00:48:17,440 --> 00:48:23,360 I have made no secret of the fact that from the first, I favored negotiation 701 00:48:23,360 --> 00:48:25,520 with England rather than war. 702 00:48:27,360 --> 00:48:30,880 I therefore cast my vote against this non -intercourse bill. 703 00:48:43,340 --> 00:48:48,320 Then it has been decided Chief Justice Jay will head a mission to London. 704 00:48:49,060 --> 00:48:54,400 Let us hope that, with God's help, he will achieve a just and honorable 705 00:48:55,880 --> 00:48:56,880 Mr. Adams? 706 00:49:10,030 --> 00:49:14,350 I've not had the chance to tell you how I've come to rely on your judgment on 707 00:49:14,350 --> 00:49:15,350 many occasions. 708 00:49:15,590 --> 00:49:19,690 This cabinet has not always been marked by its unity. 709 00:49:20,250 --> 00:49:24,170 Mr. President, only you could have held this cabinet together. 710 00:49:24,510 --> 00:49:28,510 It's a pity that e pluribus unum seems not to be the favorite motto of certain 711 00:49:28,510 --> 00:49:29,510 gentlemen. 712 00:49:30,090 --> 00:49:33,610 There's another matter on which I would be grateful for your advice. 713 00:49:35,450 --> 00:49:37,430 I have been making inquiries. 714 00:49:38,010 --> 00:49:39,370 about a relative of yours. 715 00:49:39,610 --> 00:49:41,930 Oh? Mr. John Quincy Adams. 716 00:49:42,210 --> 00:49:44,370 Oh, I've had excellent reports. 717 00:49:44,830 --> 00:49:49,110 It seems that his legal briefs are models of lucidity. 718 00:49:49,570 --> 00:49:53,770 Well, I think I can say that he is gifted and conscientious. 719 00:49:54,410 --> 00:49:58,990 But why, sir? It has occurred to me that we need someone with the right 720 00:49:58,990 --> 00:50:02,150 diplomatic background to represent us at the Hague. 721 00:50:02,610 --> 00:50:04,690 Would you be in favor of such an appointment? 722 00:50:06,370 --> 00:50:07,390 Mr. President. 723 00:50:07,790 --> 00:50:09,910 May I assume you would give it your endorsement? 724 00:50:10,490 --> 00:50:13,370 If you will not think me guilty of nepotism. 725 00:50:14,290 --> 00:50:15,830 Send him to me, will you? 726 00:50:16,050 --> 00:50:17,050 Yes, sir. 727 00:50:17,910 --> 00:50:20,430 You are fortunate to be blessed with sons. 728 00:50:31,870 --> 00:50:33,270 More tea, Dr. Topps. 729 00:50:34,350 --> 00:50:37,670 I can't tell you how grateful we are for news of our friends in Boston. 730 00:50:38,170 --> 00:50:40,370 And they for news of you and Mr. Adams. 731 00:50:40,630 --> 00:50:44,950 Mr. Otis, what makes you think President Washington won't run for a third term? 732 00:50:45,150 --> 00:50:49,950 At his age, I understand he's eager for retirement. Yeah, well, we're all eager 733 00:50:49,950 --> 00:50:50,928 for retirement. 734 00:50:50,930 --> 00:50:52,630 But somehow we don't retire. 735 00:50:52,950 --> 00:50:57,010 The elections of 96 are upon us, Mr. Adams. One can't believe that either 736 00:50:57,010 --> 00:51:00,810 Jefferson or Hamilton intend to stay out of government long. 737 00:51:01,090 --> 00:51:02,430 Well, certainly not Jefferson. 738 00:51:04,010 --> 00:51:08,530 Mr. Hamilton may choose to conduct his party from behind the scenes. 739 00:51:09,330 --> 00:51:14,570 If either of them should be elected when President Washington's term expires, it 740 00:51:14,570 --> 00:51:18,250 would lead to endless dangerous disputes, and perhaps worse. 741 00:51:18,490 --> 00:51:20,210 It might well lead to the end of Union. 742 00:51:20,890 --> 00:51:25,490 We shall need a leader who has proved himself to be above party politics, who 743 00:51:25,490 --> 00:51:26,970 can unify the country. 744 00:51:27,570 --> 00:51:29,510 You have considered the presidency. 745 00:51:31,370 --> 00:51:36,450 I've considered many things, Mr. Otis, including passing my remaining days at 746 00:51:36,450 --> 00:51:41,510 peace with my wife, my books, and my farming. I'm glad for once you put us in 747 00:51:41,510 --> 00:51:42,510 the right order. 748 00:51:43,050 --> 00:51:47,970 In my opinion, and in the opinion of many of my friends, you, sir, are the 749 00:51:47,970 --> 00:51:48,970 obvious choice. 750 00:51:49,510 --> 00:51:56,510 There can be no obvious choice for the presidency, but I... I do appreciate 751 00:51:56,510 --> 00:51:57,510 your confidence. 752 00:51:58,530 --> 00:52:00,350 Will you not give us some assurance? 753 00:52:01,420 --> 00:52:07,120 When President Washington makes his intentions known, I will make my 754 00:52:07,120 --> 00:52:08,120 known. 755 00:52:14,060 --> 00:52:15,060 Yes, 756 00:52:20,660 --> 00:52:21,660 look at that sunset. 757 00:52:22,920 --> 00:52:26,520 The clouds are like flaming banners. 758 00:52:34,120 --> 00:52:38,020 By some twist of fate, they have elected me their president. 759 00:52:41,100 --> 00:52:48,060 I'm no longer young. I do not know if I am of a temper to 760 00:52:48,060 --> 00:52:51,580 serve the nation properly in such an office, Mrs. Adams. 761 00:52:55,020 --> 00:53:00,100 We belong to this land, and we must serve it as best we can. 762 00:53:01,840 --> 00:53:04,160 You have never shirked your duty, Mr. Adams. 763 00:53:06,880 --> 00:53:10,900 Whether it be tedium or triumph. 764 00:53:13,920 --> 00:53:17,140 It is great relief to me, Mr. McHenry, to know that my friends will not desert 765 00:53:17,140 --> 00:53:22,700 me or their country now that Mr. Adams is formally elected, even though some of 766 00:53:22,700 --> 00:53:24,180 them may be asked to stay on in his cabinet. 767 00:53:25,100 --> 00:53:26,760 You may depend upon me, Mr. Hamilton. 768 00:53:27,200 --> 00:53:30,840 I intend to remain in the cabinet, if requested, as do... 769 00:53:31,230 --> 00:53:32,230 Pickering and Walcott. 770 00:53:33,230 --> 00:53:37,970 Splendid. Mr. Adams will need your help in this new crisis with France. 771 00:53:39,790 --> 00:53:43,770 As we may continue to need your help, sir, we could never have performed so 772 00:53:43,770 --> 00:53:47,650 creditably during the final years of General Washington's administration had 773 00:53:47,650 --> 00:53:49,350 not known that we could turn to you for advice. 774 00:53:49,830 --> 00:53:51,830 I realize the president was in ill health. 775 00:53:52,130 --> 00:53:54,350 The public service had become too much for him. 776 00:53:54,650 --> 00:53:57,390 I was glad of the opportunity to serve both him and the country. 777 00:53:57,850 --> 00:53:59,790 If I was forced to serve anonymously... 778 00:54:00,160 --> 00:54:01,540 It was a small price to pay. 779 00:54:02,640 --> 00:54:06,580 Should similar situations arise during the course of Mr. Adams' administration, 780 00:54:07,040 --> 00:54:09,720 might you be willing to so serve again? 781 00:54:10,520 --> 00:54:11,520 Indeed. 782 00:54:12,060 --> 00:54:13,440 But care must be taken. 783 00:54:13,920 --> 00:54:16,360 Mr. Adams no longer considers me his friend. 784 00:54:16,760 --> 00:54:19,860 He will not look with favor upon any advice that comes from me. 785 00:54:20,580 --> 00:54:23,360 Nor upon any member of his cabinet who seeks that advice. 786 00:54:25,180 --> 00:54:28,860 However, should the secretaries of state and war feel that I can be of help... 787 00:54:30,220 --> 00:54:34,380 Mr. Adams is inherited in a hornet's nest, and we are caught between the 788 00:54:34,380 --> 00:54:37,160 and the French. We know our enemy, the French. 789 00:54:37,760 --> 00:54:42,020 However much may I agree with you, Mr. McHenry, we can afford war with no one. 790 00:54:42,080 --> 00:54:44,020 We have neither army nor navy. 791 00:54:44,920 --> 00:54:49,800 For the time being, we must defend our honor against the French insults with a 792 00:54:49,800 --> 00:54:52,240 firm stand and skillful negotiations. 793 00:54:52,500 --> 00:54:54,380 And the aid of Alexander Hamilton. 794 00:54:54,880 --> 00:54:57,860 If that should be the case, I am your servant, Mr. McHenry. 795 00:54:58,360 --> 00:54:59,360 Yours. 796 00:54:59,630 --> 00:55:00,630 and the country. 797 00:55:08,590 --> 00:55:14,550 You do solemnly swear you will faithfully execute the office of the 798 00:55:14,550 --> 00:55:20,930 the United States and will preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of 799 00:55:20,930 --> 00:55:21,930 United States. 800 00:55:22,650 --> 00:55:24,570 I do solemnly swear. 801 00:55:25,320 --> 00:55:29,700 that I will faithfully execute the office of the President of the United 802 00:55:29,700 --> 00:55:36,120 and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the 803 00:55:36,120 --> 00:55:38,080 Constitution of the United States. 804 00:55:39,640 --> 00:55:41,000 So help me God. 69204

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