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A historic quest designed to achieve
ultimate power for a murderous dictator.
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Hitler knew that to own this was to
grant you great power and invincibility.
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It's almost a crazy true version of the
Da Vinci Code or something out of
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Indiana Jones.
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Priceless works of art and sacred
religious relics, stolen and stockpiled.
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for a planned thousand -year -long
empire.
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There were these magical objects out
there that if you controlled them, you
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would actually control the destiny of
the world.
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During World War II, Adolf Hitler and
the Nazis confiscated everything from
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art and relics to mystical objects that
they believed would give them
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supernatural powers.
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Although many of these treasures were
ultimately returned to their rightful
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owners, others have mysteriously gone
missing.
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Where are they today?
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There are those who believe that the
answers can be found in America's book
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secrets.
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Munich, Germany.
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February 28, 2012.
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While executing a search warrant in the
apartment of a 79 -year -old Cornelius
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Gurlitt, police make a remarkable
discovery.
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A secret treasure trove of more than 1
,400 master works of art.
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The investigation that followed uncovers
evidence that the art was stolen from
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Jewish families and collectors by
Gurlitt's father, Hildebrand.
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who worked as an art dealer for Adolf
Hitler during World War II.
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Hildebrand Gerlitz, who, in spite of
being half Jewish, was probably the
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primary agent for Hitler in acquiring
the art that he wanted to acquire.
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His son Cornelius grows up, oddly, never
registers, doesn't pay taxes, isn't in
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the social security system, has no
apparent job.
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But it turns out he's got an enormous
collection of art through his father and
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what his father had acquired and left
behind. And that's the tip of the
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because he's got in Salzburg a farmhouse
which has another pile and another
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pile. The art in this secret collection
represents just a small fraction of what
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was stolen by the Nazis throughout the
1930s and 40s.
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It has been estimated...
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that the Nazis looted about 20 % of all
of the art in Europe. They
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just took it. It became theirs.
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In places like Amsterdam, Paris, in
Poland, wherever the Nazis occupied,
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would just take what they wanted.
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In July 1940, during World War II...
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Adolf Hitler appointed Alfred Rosenberg,
a high -ranking Nazi official, to lead
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the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg,
or the ERR.
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It was an organization dedicated to the
confiscation of fine art and objects of
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great value.
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Alfred Rosenberg is tasked with putting
together a force which accompanies the
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German armies wherever they conquer and
in a systematic way plunders.
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Cultural property.
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Hitler saw himself as the world monarch
and that Germany was the center of the
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world.
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Hitler had dreams of a world museum in
Lund, in Austria, nearby where he was
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born. And this was to be an entire city,
one giant museum.
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And so to fill the galleries of that
museum, he wanted the world's artwork.
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he went out, sent his men out to get it.
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And those that didn't willingly give it
up were forced to give it up or were
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killed.
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However, the Nazis weren't only
interested in stealing works of art.
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coveted religious and mystical relics.
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Hitler's militarist goals are well
known.
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But his mystical objectives are little
known and little understood. And one of
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those is searching for holy artifacts,
which somehow or another are to give
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their possessors these superpowers.
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Powers at the heart of the Nazi regime,
the lust for power. I think some were
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assuming that there were these magical
objects out there that somehow if you
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controlled them, you would actually
control the destiny of the world.
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I'm Rick Himmler.
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One of Hitler's top lieutenants was
obsessed with finding what the Nazis
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believed to be the ultimate Christian
relic, the cup described in the Bible as
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the one Jesus drank from during the Last
Supper, also known as the
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Holy Grail.
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There was the idea that this would have
been a cup which, because it had held
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the wine, and that wine would have been
the blood of Christ.
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Gripe in the imaginations to a power to
heal, a power to give eternal life.
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Certainly, the idea of having the Holy
Grail would mean that you had the
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ultimate power. You were invincible.
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And Himmler wanted all sorts of symbols
of religious power.
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He wanted to hand them over to his
Fuhrer.
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In 1934, Himmler met with a young German
writer named Otto Rahn.
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who had been researching possible
locations for where the true grail may
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ended up.
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Ron believed that it had once been
possessed by the Cathars, a secretive
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sect of Christians based in southern
France during the 12th century.
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The Cathars were persecuted by the
Vatican, by the Catholic Church, and
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the Inquisition, all the Cathars were
put to death.
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One of the most interesting aspects of
the Cathars is the secret treasure they
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were said to possess.
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It was never really identified what that
treasure was, only that the Vatican
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wanted it and sent soldiers to get it
and didn't get it.
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Otto Rahn believed that was the Holy
Grail.
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Himmler agreed to fund Rahn's research
and also personally led expeditions to
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the Pyrenees Mountains in northern Spain
in search.
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of the Grail. It's almost like a crazy
true version of the Da Vinci Code or
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something out of Indiana Jones.
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Because this story, as it becomes baked
and cooked in this sort of Nazi machine,
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ends up sending troops throughout the
world in search of the Holy Grail.
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Because Himmler thought that the Nazis
were on the cusp of finding the Holy
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Grail, he purchased Wibelsberg Castle.
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a 17th century fortress located in
Buran, Germany.
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Himmler chose this site as the place
where the Grail was to be locked away
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safekeeping.
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He also used the castle as a key meeting
place for the Schutzstaffel, or SS, the
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primary security and surveillance force
of the Nazi party.
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Heinrich Himmler wanted to create the
SS, the Schutzstaffel, a kind of secret
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society within the Nazi party. Only
certain people got in.
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There were all kinds of ceremonies. You
got your death's head ring.
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You got all of this regalia. You were
special.
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And if you have a cult, it has to have a
center. So he picked this castle,
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Wewelsburg.
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In the north tower of Wewelsburg Castle,
there is a circular room with a mosaic
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of a black sun on the floor.
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Himmler and the members of the SS
referred to it as...
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The hall of supreme SS leaders.
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It was here that they reportedly
performed pagan rituals.
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The black sun is a symbol that
represented a power of the universe that
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Nazis felt their ritualistic practices
could tap into for the success of their
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military campaigns.
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Beneath the room sits a crypt.
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where the cremated remains of SS
generals were to be entombed.
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In the center of the crypt is a
mysterious sunken circle, the purpose of
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remains a subject of debate.
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Many people say it housed an internal
flame, a thousand -year flame.
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Others, however, say this was where the
grail was to be planted once it was
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obtained. Himmler believed that he was
going to plant it there in the castle
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it would emanate its power throughout
the Third Reich.
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Himmler's search for the Holy Grail
would prove to be only one aspect of
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Hitler's bizarre agenda to acquire not
only mystical powers, but also to
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history. The Nazis had come to believe
that their very origins were actually
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divine, and it led to a new worldwide
quest.
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to find the proof.
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Berlin, Germany, July 1st, 1935.
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Heinrich Himmler approved the creation
of the Annenerbe, a new institute within
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the Nazi government.
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Its purpose is to conduct historical
research and archaeological excavations.
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with the goal of proving that the German
people descended from a master race.
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In 1935, the Ananaraba has all these
research branches that are developed,
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in the humanities initially, to look
into mythology, anthropology, that kind
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thing, and most of it is ideologically
driven, politicized, influenced by pagan
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ideas or occult ideas, including the
idea that the Aryans were the superior
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race. and it was Nordic Aryan who had
this great civilization in prehistory,
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that there was a flood or a cataclysm,
and it destroyed the civilization, but
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the people who survived created the kind
of modern Aryan race.
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And so you have these amateurish Nazi
leaders who have these bizarre ideas,
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which are not based in science. I mean,
it's all based on faith and mythology.
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The Ahnenerbe itself was an organization
to try to investigate Aryan ancestry,
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the heritage of the Aryans. In fact,
Hitler thought that all of the major
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civilizations, such as the Mesopotamian
civilization, the Egyptian civilization,
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the Greeks, the Romans, that these were
all founded by Aryans who had come from
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northern Europe and had migrated into
those areas.
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The Aryans were the Nazis' version of
supermen.
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The Nazis were always seeking
superpowers. They wanted some for
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In order to be the master race,
basically they rewrote history.
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And underlying it all, they wanted the
glorious golden past as they saw it to
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come back in all its glory.
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Basically they made all this up. There's
no precedent in history for 99 % of
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what the Nazis believed and what the
Nazis practiced.
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Theirs was an ideology and a creed that
was grounded
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in hate, absurdity, irrationalism,
contempt for
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normal thought.
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But if you create a belief, belief
becomes imbued
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with you to such an extent that it
becomes your reality.
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What they were constantly looking for
was some sort of power symbolism in
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things.
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And the belief here, of course, is that
somehow or another, if you can harken
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back to this time in ancient Germanic,
ancient Aryan history, you can tap
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into those supposed superpowers that
these beings had.
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Based off research conducted by the
Ananeba, Himmler became convinced.
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that descendants of the ancient Aryans
could be found, not only in Europe, but
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also in Asia.
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Himmler thought that there was a huge
Aryan influx into the area of Tibet.
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had been a huge influx of Aryans in
North India in ancient times, and so
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was hoping to track that in Tibet as
well.
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In April of 1938, just over a year
before the outbreak of World War II,
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Himmler dispatched a team of researchers
to Tibet.
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They were seeking confirmation for their
beliefs in Tibet. They hoped that there
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were still Aryans left alive in Tibet,
and that would have lent enormous
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credence to what they were telling the
German population.
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There were five or six principal
scientists, anthropologists,
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biologists who were there, led by a
fellow by the name of Ernst Schaefer.
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Ernst Schaefer was a renowned hunter and
zoologist in the 1930s. He was also a
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member of the SS, making him the ideal
person to lead the Ananirba's expedition
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to Tibet.
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Schaefer guided the team's 50 -mule
caravan on an arduous, year -long trek
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through the region.
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They wanted to study the Tibetans. They
measured their heads, they measured
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their skulls, they measured distances
between different parts of their skulls.
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So they looked all over Tibet for the
Aryans, and they never found any.
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Although Schaefer and his team were
unable to find any biological evidence
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Aryans in Tibet,
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They did discover an ancient artifact
which they believed provided the link
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between Tibet and Germany that Himmler
was looking for.
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When the Nazis were in Tibet, they came
across a statue that was nicknamed the
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Iron Man.
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A statue of a bearded Buddha, weighs 22
pounds, and it has a swastika
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on the side.
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What's so very fascinating about the
Iron Man artifact is that it shows what
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looks like a Caucasian or Aryan person
with a beard.
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And they thought that this was proof
positive that the Tibetan people had
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ancestors of the Aryan race.
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And they brought back this artifact to
show others in the Anunnerbe society and
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the upper echelon of the Third Reich.
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And they claimed that indeed they had
found root traces to this
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Aryan race in Central Asia.
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It's not like it was precursor of the
Nazis.
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Actually, the swastika is an ancient
Asian symbol for good,
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for the good that is life, the wheel of
life.
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But actually what the Nazis did when
they took over that symbol and made it
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theirs was they...
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flipped it.
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They had a very specific agenda.
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Whatever was priceless, whatever was
wonderful, they would take.
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The Nazis' quest for ancient and
mystical artifacts was insatiable. They
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believed it would bring them not only
great wealth, but absolute power.
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And soon, they would start a war that
would rage across the world and provide
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endless opportunities.
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to steal even more.
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September 1st, 1939.
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The German army invades Poland and in
five short weeks forces the Polish army
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surrender.
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Over the next four years, Germany goes
on to defeat and occupy more than 20
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countries, including the Netherlands,
Belgium, France, and Greece.
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00:17:08,869 --> 00:17:13,470
But Hitler built the German war machine
to do more than just conquer foreign
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lands. He also used it to help him steal
treasure and artwork throughout Europe.
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Months before the start of the war, the
Nazis made plans to establish a secret
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bunker beneath the town of Nuremberg,
Germany, to hide the valuable plunder.
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Himmler himself had ordered the
construction of a secret bunker under
224
00:17:37,790 --> 00:17:44,630
Castle. And so designs were made to
reconfigure a beer cellar, which
225
00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:49,810
was entered to an alley, Blacksmith's
Alley. And so it was referred to as a
226
00:17:49,810 --> 00:17:51,070
Blacksmith's Alley bunker.
227
00:17:52,490 --> 00:17:56,290
Right behind the red door, there's a
special place.
228
00:17:56,880 --> 00:17:59,280
We call World War II Art Bunker today.
229
00:17:59,680 --> 00:18:04,480
It's an old former beer cellar. Once cut
into the rock because they wanted beer
230
00:18:04,480 --> 00:18:06,080
to be stored in cold temperatures.
231
00:18:06,320 --> 00:18:10,040
And during World War II, this old former
beer cellar was converted into a
232
00:18:10,040 --> 00:18:13,120
special air raid shelter for artwork.
233
00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:19,880
The beer cellar was connected to a vast
network of underground chambers that had
234
00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:24,600
been constructed centuries earlier,
which provided the Nazis with ample
235
00:18:24,600 --> 00:18:26,020
store their stolen loot.
236
00:18:26,540 --> 00:18:33,120
So they've dug these old tunnels 700
years ago. There are 25 ,000
237
00:18:33,120 --> 00:18:38,480
square meters of fellers underneath the
old town of Nuremberg. That's the size
238
00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:40,380
of four football fields.
239
00:18:40,780 --> 00:18:46,380
This was the place of very important
pieces of art from churches and museums
240
00:18:46,380 --> 00:18:50,400
stolen by the Nazis from countries they
had occupied.
241
00:18:51,300 --> 00:18:55,300
Containers were installed in here where
artwork was.
242
00:18:55,870 --> 00:19:00,770
stored in climatized cells with heating,
power generation, and so on.
243
00:19:02,050 --> 00:19:06,370
Thousands of works of art would
ultimately be held in this secret
244
00:19:06,910 --> 00:19:11,330
But there was one treasure hidden among
them that Hitler valued above all
245
00:19:11,330 --> 00:19:15,330
others, the crown jewels of the Holy
Roman Empire.
246
00:19:16,310 --> 00:19:19,590
Hitler was forming what he called the
Third Reich, which means the Third
247
00:19:20,210 --> 00:19:23,250
The First Empire was the Holy Roman
Empire.
248
00:19:24,140 --> 00:19:28,920
which had ceased when Napoleon had
conquered vast swaths of Germany in
249
00:19:29,200 --> 00:19:33,680
The Second Empire was the Bismarck
Empire that was created in 1871 and
250
00:19:33,680 --> 00:19:34,760
until World War I.
251
00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:36,760
So it was creating the Third Reich.
252
00:19:36,980 --> 00:19:39,960
So he wanted to show continuity with the
earlier empire.
253
00:19:40,880 --> 00:19:44,540
In 1938, Germany annexed Austria.
254
00:19:45,340 --> 00:19:50,100
Hitler then ordered that the nation's
crown jewels be taken from Hofburg
255
00:19:50,100 --> 00:19:53,360
in Vienna, where they had been stored
since 1800.
256
00:19:54,110 --> 00:20:00,830
We don't have any first -person accounts
of what Hitler did when he first got
257
00:20:00,830 --> 00:20:02,630
the relics.
258
00:20:03,010 --> 00:20:08,630
But according to the stories, Hitler was
said to have visited the royal treasury
259
00:20:08,630 --> 00:20:09,630
in the hopper.
260
00:20:10,030 --> 00:20:16,590
And that night, allegedly, he got to
handle these crown jewels himself.
261
00:20:17,130 --> 00:20:22,050
And he tried on the crown and he held
the scepter. And this is clearly
262
00:20:22,050 --> 00:20:26,450
he'd been dreaming about since his
teenage years as an artist in Vienna.
263
00:20:28,370 --> 00:20:31,670
Hitler wanted to resuscitate a German
empire, Third Reich.
264
00:20:31,930 --> 00:20:37,450
What better way of doing that than
taking the imperial treasures and
265
00:20:37,450 --> 00:20:41,930
them to Nuremberg, the symbolic capital
of Nazism, because that's where they did
266
00:20:41,930 --> 00:20:45,330
all their rallies, and having the
treasures be part of the Third Reich.
267
00:20:46,830 --> 00:20:53,250
The Nazis redesigned the Blacksmith
Alley bunker along high -tech lines
268
00:20:53,250 --> 00:20:58,570
as the secret hiding place for the crown
jewels.
269
00:20:58,850 --> 00:21:05,370
The Nazis built special humidifiers, air
conditioning, and the air purification
270
00:21:05,370 --> 00:21:08,210
system. It had its own generators.
271
00:21:08,450 --> 00:21:15,070
It had its own special food supply,
bunkhouse, and two -foot -thick vault
272
00:21:15,770 --> 00:21:18,610
So this is where the crown jewels were
kept.
273
00:21:19,130 --> 00:21:24,930
The Austrian crown jewels date back to
the 11th century and were used in the
274
00:21:24,930 --> 00:21:27,930
coronation ceremonies of numerous Holy
Roman emperors.
275
00:21:28,190 --> 00:21:35,130
The most notable pieces include the
imperial crown, scepter, orb, sword,
276
00:21:35,410 --> 00:21:42,050
and an object that many believed to
actually be one of the most cherished
277
00:21:42,050 --> 00:21:43,110
in all of Christianity.
278
00:21:44,110 --> 00:21:45,770
The Spear of Destiny.
279
00:21:46,070 --> 00:21:52,290
The Spear of Destiny is believed to have
been the spearhead which was used to
280
00:21:52,290 --> 00:21:55,450
pierce Jesus while he was being
crucified.
281
00:21:55,830 --> 00:22:02,690
That a legend grew up around this
artifact that whomever possessed the
282
00:22:02,690 --> 00:22:07,350
Lance, the Spear of Destiny, held the
destiny of the world in their hands.
283
00:22:08,370 --> 00:22:09,670
For centuries,
284
00:22:10,430 --> 00:22:13,890
Much lore and legend had arisen around
the Spear of Destiny.
285
00:22:14,150 --> 00:22:20,370
Because its tip had supposedly touched
the blood of Jesus, the Son of God, many
286
00:22:20,370 --> 00:22:23,610
were convinced that it possessed
otherworldly powers.
287
00:22:24,810 --> 00:22:30,110
One of the most well -known incidents
involving the Spear took place on April
288
00:22:30,110 --> 00:22:32,510
14, 1561.
289
00:22:34,530 --> 00:22:36,210
Townspeople of Nuremberg...
290
00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:42,520
woke up to a sort of otherworldly sight.
Across the horizon in the sky were all
291
00:22:42,520 --> 00:22:44,780
of these sunbursts, blasts.
292
00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:49,000
And in the midst of it all were these
strange flying objects.
293
00:22:49,300 --> 00:22:54,200
One of these objects looked like an
actual spear of destiny.
294
00:22:54,800 --> 00:23:00,020
Many people have looked for explanations
of this over the years. You had an
295
00:23:00,020 --> 00:23:05,520
entire city, hundreds, thousands of
people perhaps, waking up to this.
296
00:23:06,639 --> 00:23:10,100
otherworldly vision in the skies above
them.
297
00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:16,720
For the Nazis, historical reports of
what looked like a massive spear of
298
00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:22,460
in the sky served to validate their
belief that not only did the spear hold
299
00:23:22,460 --> 00:23:27,100
incredible power, but that the relic
taken from Austria was genuine.
300
00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:34,640
Because of this, its location in
Nuremberg was a closely guarded secret.
301
00:23:35,880 --> 00:23:41,440
But as the war progressed, the Allied
forces became aware of the Nazi looting,
302
00:23:41,500 --> 00:23:45,180
and they vowed to recover everything
that had been stolen.
303
00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:51,660
The idea of finding where this art was
became something of great interest to
304
00:23:51,660 --> 00:23:57,640
Eisenhower. They saw retrieving art and
returning it whence it had come as a
305
00:23:57,640 --> 00:24:01,040
means of restoring the order that the
Nazis had reduced to chaos.
306
00:24:05,070 --> 00:24:09,790
Thwarting the Nazis' efforts to spread
their murderous and twisted ideology was
307
00:24:09,790 --> 00:24:11,790
considered a task of paramount
importance.
308
00:24:12,330 --> 00:24:17,430
But just as important was recovering and
returning the many treasures that had
309
00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:19,070
been stolen and hidden throughout
Europe.
310
00:24:19,610 --> 00:24:26,610
To accomplish this would require an
elite team, unlike any ever assembled in
311
00:24:26,610 --> 00:24:27,610
history.
312
00:24:31,430 --> 00:24:33,350
June, 1943.
313
00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:37,900
It is the height of World War II.
314
00:24:38,860 --> 00:24:45,140
As the United States forms the
Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives
315
00:24:45,140 --> 00:24:50,800
group of experts from the art world,
including curators, scholars, and
316
00:24:50,800 --> 00:24:51,800
librarians.
317
00:24:52,680 --> 00:24:57,660
Their mission is to find where the Nazis
have hidden their plunder of stolen
318
00:24:57,660 --> 00:25:03,100
European artwork and other cultural
treasures and return them to their
319
00:25:03,100 --> 00:25:04,100
owners.
320
00:25:05,450 --> 00:25:11,010
The unit consists of more than 300 men
and women, most of whom are volunteers,
321
00:25:11,270 --> 00:25:16,370
and the team is collectively referred to
as the Monuments Men.
322
00:25:19,470 --> 00:25:24,070
The Allies put this group together, and
they moved with our troops.
323
00:25:25,250 --> 00:25:26,930
They had to figure out where stuff was.
324
00:25:27,350 --> 00:25:30,030
They had to inquire from people where it
was.
325
00:25:30,570 --> 00:25:34,510
and get the works of art back to the
countries of origin.
326
00:25:35,770 --> 00:25:39,370
Their task was not only difficult, it
was often very dangerous.
327
00:25:39,870 --> 00:25:43,850
Two of the Mayimist men were actually
killed in action because they were
328
00:25:43,850 --> 00:25:46,950
with the army. They were very brave men
and women.
329
00:25:47,890 --> 00:25:52,710
A unit also was assigned to the Air
Force to try to let the bomber pilots
330
00:25:52,710 --> 00:25:54,170
what not to drop.
331
00:25:55,790 --> 00:26:01,530
Trying to steer away from destroying the
churches, the archives in those
332
00:26:01,530 --> 00:26:02,990
churches, the fine art.
333
00:26:05,270 --> 00:26:07,410
June 6, 1944.
334
00:26:08,170 --> 00:26:09,170
D -Day.
335
00:26:10,970 --> 00:26:16,130
Allied troops land on the beaches of
Normandy, France, in an effort to push
336
00:26:16,130 --> 00:26:18,170
German army out of French territory.
337
00:26:19,170 --> 00:26:24,270
The tide of the war is turning, and
Hitler's defeat is becoming more and
338
00:26:24,270 --> 00:26:25,270
inevitable.
339
00:26:25,710 --> 00:26:32,390
By the spring of 1945, the Allies
advance into Germany itself, and the
340
00:26:32,390 --> 00:26:37,550
Monuments Men are on the front lines,
searching for places where the Nazis had
341
00:26:37,550 --> 00:26:39,590
stashed all of their ill -gotten gains.
342
00:26:40,990 --> 00:26:47,050
In March, they catch an unexpected break
when Army Captain and Monuments Man,
343
00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:52,450
Robert Posey, visits a local dentist in
the small German city of Trier.
344
00:26:54,100 --> 00:26:56,060
Robert Posey goes to a dentist.
345
00:26:56,600 --> 00:26:59,960
Why the dentist does this, I don't know,
but he says, you know, you should speak
346
00:26:59,960 --> 00:27:00,960
to my son -in -law.
347
00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:02,460
He's involved with art.
348
00:27:02,780 --> 00:27:06,740
So he speaks to the son -in -law, who it
turns out had helped the Nazis do what?
349
00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:13,900
Gather and hide an unbelievably huge
volume of paintings, sculptures,
350
00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:18,500
altarpieces, you name it, in a salt mine
in Altensee.
351
00:27:19,880 --> 00:27:23,140
Altensee is a small town in central
Austria.
352
00:27:23,680 --> 00:27:26,060
less than 500 miles from Kriya.
353
00:27:27,620 --> 00:27:32,760
But fierce combat kept the monument's
men from investigating the salt mine for
354
00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:33,760
two months.
355
00:27:34,460 --> 00:27:40,480
When they were finally able to search
it, they found 7 ,000 pieces of art deep
356
00:27:40,480 --> 00:27:42,260
inside the labyrinth of tunnels.
357
00:27:44,620 --> 00:27:51,520
The enormous kash that was found in the
Altanzeh salt mine included just
358
00:27:51,520 --> 00:27:56,980
about anything you could think of, of
value that would be either in a church
359
00:27:56,980 --> 00:27:58,720
in a home of wealth.
360
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:05,800
For example, the beautiful little
Madonna by Michelangelo called the
361
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:06,800
Madonna.
362
00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:13,540
Hitler stored a huge amount of art, but
these were very close to destroyed in
363
00:28:13,540 --> 00:28:17,200
that mine toward the end of the war
because Hitler gave what was called a
364
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:21,640
order to try to destroy everything of
value before the Allies got their hands
365
00:28:21,640 --> 00:28:22,640
it.
366
00:28:22,990 --> 00:28:27,370
The Nazis who were in charge of the mine
brought in big bombs to blow up the
367
00:28:27,370 --> 00:28:32,390
mine, but the people who were living
there for hundreds of years worked in
368
00:28:32,390 --> 00:28:36,470
salt mines and did not want to see them
blown up, and actually were able to
369
00:28:36,470 --> 00:28:39,070
remove the two bombs that were taken in.
370
00:28:39,750 --> 00:28:43,230
The art found in Al -Dante in the salt
mine.
371
00:28:43,810 --> 00:28:49,290
I like to think of it as fate because
it's the counterpart to the Nazi idea
372
00:28:49,290 --> 00:28:54,620
of... the supernatural, the mystical. So
it's not just luck, it's fate that it
373
00:28:54,620 --> 00:28:55,620
was found.
374
00:28:56,080 --> 00:29:01,440
One of the masterpieces that was
retrieved from the Althusser Salt Mine
375
00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:07,640
15th century Christian painting called
the Ghent Altarpiece. The Ghent
376
00:29:07,640 --> 00:29:13,340
Altarpiece was the most important piece
of artwork in all of Europe that the
377
00:29:13,340 --> 00:29:15,260
Monuments Men were assigned to find.
378
00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:18,460
It's 12 panels.
379
00:29:18,990 --> 00:29:21,710
and it's the very first important oil
painting.
380
00:29:23,230 --> 00:29:27,950
Pretty much every great European leader
wanted to have it in their collection.
381
00:29:28,110 --> 00:29:31,790
People were fascinated by it. It was a
beautiful work of art. It had symbolic
382
00:29:31,790 --> 00:29:32,790
significance.
383
00:29:34,370 --> 00:29:39,250
The Nazis may have stolen the Ghent
Altarpiece not only because it was a
384
00:29:39,250 --> 00:29:44,910
priceless work of art, but also because
they believed the painting contained an
385
00:29:44,910 --> 00:29:45,910
encoded map.
386
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:50,080
that would reveal where sacred Christian
relics were hidden.
387
00:29:51,060 --> 00:29:57,700
The Ganz Altarpiece held what many
people consider is a roadmap
388
00:29:57,700 --> 00:30:04,500
of Catholic mysticism, that all the
important symbols of Christianity
389
00:30:04,500 --> 00:30:10,960
are hidden, embedded in this altarpiece,
including the Holy
390
00:30:10,960 --> 00:30:12,980
Grail, which is the centerpiece.
391
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:19,100
You have a lamb that's been pierced and
blood is flowing into the Holy Grail
392
00:30:19,100 --> 00:30:20,100
underneath it.
393
00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:28,200
And the idea is that maybe the Annenerbe
could study the mysticism in this
394
00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:34,460
painting and go out and find those
artifacts. So this lent itself perfectly
395
00:30:34,460 --> 00:30:36,140
the whole Nazi mythology.
396
00:30:38,670 --> 00:30:43,610
The Ghent Altarpiece was a particular
obsession of Hitler because of the
397
00:30:43,610 --> 00:30:47,230
mystical lamp and its connotations for
the Holy Grail.
398
00:30:47,870 --> 00:30:52,750
With Hitler, you could argue that he
didn't even believe in God, yet he
399
00:30:52,750 --> 00:30:59,670
certainly saw himself as God, and part
of the intrigue for a work like the
400
00:30:59,670 --> 00:31:03,610
Ghent Altarpiece, with all of its
symbolic imagery.
401
00:31:04,480 --> 00:31:09,760
was that it was part of his interest in
acquiring what would make him more
402
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:10,760
godlike.
403
00:31:13,040 --> 00:31:18,320
In the final weeks of the war, as the
Red Army and Allied forces closed in on
404
00:31:18,320 --> 00:31:22,520
Berlin, the Monuments Men continued to
discover caches of priceless treasure.
405
00:31:22,840 --> 00:31:27,860
They were also closing in on the relics
they and General Patton considered the
406
00:31:27,860 --> 00:31:29,460
most critical to recover.
407
00:31:37,719 --> 00:31:39,040
Spring, 1945.
408
00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:46,220
In the final days of World War II, the
Monuments Men scour Europe to recover
409
00:31:46,220 --> 00:31:50,260
priceless works of art and sacred relics
stolen by the Nazis.
410
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:56,840
It is a race against the clock, since
Hitler has ordered his troops to destroy
411
00:31:56,840 --> 00:32:01,580
these valuable items rather than allow
them to fall into the hands of the
412
00:32:01,580 --> 00:32:02,580
Allies.
413
00:32:02,640 --> 00:32:07,940
With Germany close to defeat, Many fear
that the Nazis will wipe out thousands
414
00:32:07,940 --> 00:32:10,700
of cultural treasures before they can be
found.
415
00:32:11,700 --> 00:32:17,280
But the Monuments Men are aided in their
efforts by a powerful ally, General
416
00:32:17,280 --> 00:32:18,740
George S. Patton.
417
00:32:20,680 --> 00:32:25,280
Patton was a very talented general, but
he was more than that. He was a mystic.
418
00:32:25,380 --> 00:32:32,020
Being a mystic, one of the things that
totally bowled him over was the legend
419
00:32:32,020 --> 00:32:33,840
the so -called sphere of destiny.
420
00:32:34,990 --> 00:32:41,730
And he knew that to own this or to
possess it would grant you great
421
00:32:41,730 --> 00:32:47,090
power and invincibility and also a kind
of sacred knowledge.
422
00:32:47,950 --> 00:32:54,410
General Patton in particular wanted to
assure that the spear did not remain in
423
00:32:54,410 --> 00:33:01,370
German hands because he also worried
that it would enhance the aura around
424
00:33:01,370 --> 00:33:02,370
the Nazis.
425
00:33:03,440 --> 00:33:09,040
Patton believed in the superpowers
invested in this artifact.
426
00:33:09,660 --> 00:33:14,840
And so he is looking for somebody to try
and reclaim the Spear of Destiny.
427
00:33:15,680 --> 00:33:21,540
As it turns out, there was a soldier in
Patton's Third Army who was ideally
428
00:33:21,540 --> 00:33:26,700
suited to search for the Spear of
Destiny, Lieutenant Walter Horn.
429
00:33:28,100 --> 00:33:31,500
Walter Horn was born and raised in
Heidelberg, Germany.
430
00:33:31,740 --> 00:33:35,520
He studied art history and knew four or
five languages.
431
00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:41,300
And he hated the Nazis and made no bones
about it. He got into trouble with the
432
00:33:41,300 --> 00:33:47,720
SS eventually, fled to Italy, escaped
out of Italy to Greenwich Village, New
433
00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:51,180
York, and eventually landed at Berkeley
in California.
434
00:33:51,820 --> 00:33:55,980
And then, bang, all of a sudden, because
of Pearl Harbor, the U .S. is at war
435
00:33:55,980 --> 00:33:59,520
and he finds himself headed back to
Germany.
436
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:05,200
And it's really like the universe has
sent Walter Horn to try and reclaim
437
00:34:05,200 --> 00:34:06,200
relics.
438
00:34:06,660 --> 00:34:10,739
He spoke fluent German. He also spoke
fluent French and Italian.
439
00:34:11,080 --> 00:34:16,300
So he was very, very useful to the
Allies as they swept through Europe.
440
00:34:16,540 --> 00:34:19,659
And he actually was given leave to
interrogate.
441
00:34:20,139 --> 00:34:25,159
German prisoners of war to find out
clues or even if they knew where the
442
00:34:25,159 --> 00:34:26,159
treasures were hidden.
443
00:34:27,300 --> 00:34:32,739
Walter Horn happened to interview a
prisoner from the Battle of the Bulge.
444
00:34:32,739 --> 00:34:37,860
this soldier started telling this
fantastic story about a giant bank vault
445
00:34:37,860 --> 00:34:42,400
hidden in a bunker underneath the
Nuremberg Castle.
446
00:34:43,380 --> 00:34:48,960
and what was contained in that vault
were the crown jewels of the Holy Roman
447
00:34:48,960 --> 00:34:53,800
Empire. And so long as word didn't get
out, you might keep these treasures
448
00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:55,639
forever, and nobody would ever find
them.
449
00:34:57,180 --> 00:35:02,340
Horn sent the information concerning the
location of the Spear of Destiny up the
450
00:35:02,340 --> 00:35:07,960
chain of command, and General Patton
dispatched an infantry unit to
451
00:35:08,910 --> 00:35:14,210
As the Allies are going into Nuremberg,
this unit specifically is sent to secure
452
00:35:14,210 --> 00:35:15,210
the bunker.
453
00:35:15,710 --> 00:35:21,410
And they do, and they get into the
bunker, only there are two crates in
454
00:35:21,410 --> 00:35:25,810
vault that are actually empty, and one
crate that's missing entirely.
455
00:35:26,330 --> 00:35:32,670
The spear is there, as well as many
other accoutrements of the crown jewels,
456
00:35:32,670 --> 00:35:37,490
the Holy Crown, the scepter, the gold
apple.
457
00:35:38,160 --> 00:35:40,540
and two of the swords are missing.
458
00:35:42,120 --> 00:35:47,040
American troops recovered the Spear of
Destiny, which was their main objective.
459
00:35:47,620 --> 00:35:52,700
But the disappearance of other key
pieces of the crown jewels presented a
460
00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:53,700
mystery.
461
00:35:54,340 --> 00:36:00,480
Once again, General Patton turned to
Walter Horn, who was now officially a
462
00:36:00,480 --> 00:36:02,020
member of the Monuments Men.
463
00:36:02,860 --> 00:36:04,680
After months of investigation,
464
00:36:05,520 --> 00:36:08,380
Horn discovered what had happened to the
missing crown jewels.
465
00:36:09,480 --> 00:36:14,060
Horn eventually discovered that these
artifacts, they were transported to
466
00:36:14,060 --> 00:36:19,240
another bunker and hidden in the ceiling
of that bunker. And Horn was able to
467
00:36:19,240 --> 00:36:20,720
expose that and get it back.
468
00:36:21,540 --> 00:36:28,060
But more important is Horn understood in
a way that a lot of the Allied
469
00:36:28,060 --> 00:36:33,380
generals didn't, was that this was all
part of a plan to create a forthright.
470
00:36:34,120 --> 00:36:39,660
And the Nazis, they knew at this point
that the Third Reich was fallen, and so
471
00:36:39,660 --> 00:36:44,620
they were laying the groundwork for
another one, and part of that groundwork
472
00:36:44,620 --> 00:36:46,760
preserving these crown jewels.
473
00:36:47,940 --> 00:36:54,540
If it remained with Germans, they could
then show it to
474
00:36:54,540 --> 00:37:01,440
others as a totem of the power of their
475
00:37:01,440 --> 00:37:07,000
cause. We wouldn't have this material if
we did not have so much power.
476
00:37:07,240 --> 00:37:12,660
And someday, maybe the Germans would
tell their children or grandchildren, we
477
00:37:12,660 --> 00:37:13,660
will rise again.
478
00:37:15,060 --> 00:37:20,040
Thanks to the efforts of Walter Horn,
the crown jewels were eventually
479
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:23,840
to Hofburg Palace in Vienna, where they
remain today.
480
00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:30,280
But there's one curious aspect of this
story that continues to inspire debate.
481
00:37:32,230 --> 00:37:36,610
The Monuments Men would recover the
Spear of Destiny on April 30th, 1945.
482
00:37:37,410 --> 00:37:42,910
At approximately 3 .30 p .m. on the same
day, Adolf Hitler shot himself in his
483
00:37:42,910 --> 00:37:44,030
bunker in Berlin.
484
00:37:45,050 --> 00:37:49,110
There are those who believe that
Hitler's death on the same day he lost
485
00:37:49,110 --> 00:37:54,710
Spear of Destiny was no mere
coincidence, and that the mysterious
486
00:37:54,710 --> 00:37:57,170
claim at least one more very prominent
victim.
487
00:38:02,920 --> 00:38:04,040
Berlin, Germany.
488
00:38:04,800 --> 00:38:06,860
May 8, 1945.
489
00:38:08,420 --> 00:38:14,240
German Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel
signs the German Instrument of
490
00:38:14,400 --> 00:38:16,600
ending the war in Europe.
491
00:38:18,640 --> 00:38:24,380
Mass celebrations are held around the
world as millions of people rejoice in
492
00:38:24,380 --> 00:38:26,640
defeat of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.
493
00:38:27,980 --> 00:38:33,570
But for United States General George S.
Patton, Victory over Germany was
494
00:38:33,570 --> 00:38:39,870
important, not only because it ended the
bloodshed, but also because the Allies
495
00:38:39,870 --> 00:38:46,090
were able to recover a mystical artifact
that the Nazis had stolen, the Spear of
496
00:38:46,090 --> 00:38:52,210
Destiny. Patton was fascinated with the
Spear of Destiny. So when they
497
00:38:52,210 --> 00:38:58,530
discovered it in Nuremberg, he was very
quick to take possession of it.
498
00:38:59,750 --> 00:39:01,310
General Eisenhower.
499
00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:05,780
with suspicious that Patton might keep
the lance for himself.
500
00:39:06,020 --> 00:39:08,260
And it was a very realistic fear, I
think.
501
00:39:09,300 --> 00:39:13,760
Patton's obsession with the Spear of
Destiny rivaled that of the Nazis.
502
00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:19,700
And, according to legend, this fixation
may have cost him his life.
503
00:39:20,920 --> 00:39:26,880
General Patton was very intrigued to get
the Spear of Destiny. And indeed, he
504
00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:28,620
did have it in his possession.
505
00:39:29,180 --> 00:39:33,500
And the story goes, yes, you have power
when you have it, but if it goes out of
506
00:39:33,500 --> 00:39:36,460
your possession, you die, and you die
very quickly.
507
00:39:37,960 --> 00:39:43,040
And actually, he died shortly after it
went out of his possession in a freak
508
00:39:43,040 --> 00:39:44,040
road accident.
509
00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:50,880
Curiously, both General Patton and Adolf
Hitler died soon after the Spear of
510
00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:52,600
Destiny fell out of their possession.
511
00:39:53,560 --> 00:39:54,660
For some...
512
00:39:55,150 --> 00:39:58,990
the timing of their deaths can be
explained by nothing more than sheer
513
00:39:58,990 --> 00:39:59,990
coincidence.
514
00:40:00,730 --> 00:40:06,770
But for others, it suggests that the
legends about the Spear of Destiny and
515
00:40:06,770 --> 00:40:08,950
power may be true.
516
00:40:10,210 --> 00:40:15,010
When they say that truth is stranger
than fiction, it certainly is in this
517
00:40:15,170 --> 00:40:21,170
One of the first acts that Eisenhower
did after Patton died was to see that
518
00:40:21,170 --> 00:40:22,630
crown jewels were packed up.
519
00:40:23,240 --> 00:40:29,920
and returned to Austria and safely put
back in the royal treasury in Hofburg.
520
00:40:32,220 --> 00:40:38,020
While the crown jewels of the Holy Roman
Empire and the Spear of Destiny may
521
00:40:38,020 --> 00:40:43,160
have been the most significant artifacts
recovered by the Monuments Men, their
522
00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:45,980
work carried on long after the war
ended.
523
00:40:46,780 --> 00:40:52,540
In fact, members of the Monuments Men
continued to search for stolen treasures
524
00:40:52,540 --> 00:40:55,000
until 1951.
525
00:40:55,420 --> 00:41:01,880
The untold story of the aftermath of
World War II is how many of these
526
00:41:01,880 --> 00:41:05,820
artifacts, how many of these treasures
really went missing. And they went
527
00:41:05,820 --> 00:41:12,440
missing because of the sticky fingers of
American soldiers, of Germans looking
528
00:41:12,440 --> 00:41:14,840
to fund their lives after the war.
529
00:41:15,390 --> 00:41:21,070
As time goes on, we can get deeper into
telling the truth of actually what
530
00:41:21,070 --> 00:41:24,850
happened and what was known, because the
story yet to be explored.
531
00:41:25,570 --> 00:41:29,690
Art that is still missing could be
hidden somewhere. It could be in private
532
00:41:29,690 --> 00:41:32,670
collections. It could be in Swiss
vaults.
533
00:41:33,210 --> 00:41:34,630
We have no idea where they are.
534
00:41:37,070 --> 00:41:41,330
The Monuments Men were credited with
recovering more than a half a million
535
00:41:41,330 --> 00:41:45,510
relics. paintings, and artifacts, and
returning them to their rightful owners.
536
00:41:46,050 --> 00:41:50,370
But to this day, more than 100 ,000
items are still reported as missing.
537
00:41:50,890 --> 00:41:52,090
Who might have them?
538
00:41:52,390 --> 00:41:53,810
And where could they be?
539
00:41:54,910 --> 00:42:01,150
For now, the answers remain hidden in
the pages of America's Book of
540
00:42:01,150 --> 00:42:02,290
Secrets.
52336
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