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In today's impossible engineering.
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It's the most advanced landing craft on
the planet.
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00:00:08,820 --> 00:00:11,500
The world's most cutting edge
hovercraft.
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The ship to shore connector introduces a
capability that's like no other.
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It's unparalleled.
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It can do things that virtually no other
vehicle can do.
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And the pioneering historic innovation.
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This craft was a real trailblazer.
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Look at this thing.
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It's immense.
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that made the impossible possible.
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Making the transition from ship to shore
is one of the biggest challenges the
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military faces.
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Carrying troops and tons of equipment
across the ocean and into some of the
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planet's most hostile environments.
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presents a seemingly impossible problem.
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We have to move vehicles, cargo,
personnel,
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all the sustainment that we need.
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We need to be able to do that at points
of our own choosing.
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We need to be able to do it very
quickly.
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In order to achieve these ambitions,
Engineers have built an all -new
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of advanced amphibious vehicle.
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This is the ship -to -shore connector.
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Also known as the SSC.
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The Navy's latest and greatest
hovercraft.
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It's designed to carry some of the
military's heaviest cargo.
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into locations that were previously
impossible to reach.
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Welcome to the Navy's next generation
air cushion vehicle, ship -to -shore
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connector.
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The SSC is the most capable and cutting
-edge hovercraft on the planet.
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Nothing can compete with the SSC.
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The ship -to -shore connector can access
over 70 % of the world's coastline.
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You can't do that in any other vehicle.
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Piloted by a crew of four, this giant
hovercraft measures in at almost 50 feet
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wide and over 90 feet long, about the
length of
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three double -decker buses, making it
the U .S.
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Navy's largest amphibious landing
vehicle.
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It can carry some of the Marine Corps'
heaviest equipment.
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and unload it in some of the planet's
most hostile coastal locations.
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It's a vital tool that helps the
military overcome the challenges of
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operations.
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At a state -of -the -art manufacturing
facility in New Orleans,
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Navy Captain Cedric McNeil is overseeing
the final stages of production of these
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brand -new vehicles.
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After years of development, they are
almost ready to deploy for the first
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To say that we're excited to see that
the craft are delivering and starting to
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get underway and we're starting to see
how they operate at sea, that's an
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understatement. This is a culmination of
the efforts of many personnel over the
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years to get to this milestone of an
accomplishment.
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And at an experimental research base in
Florida.
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Senior Chief Josh Pearsall and his crew
are preparing to evaluate one of the
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first completed FSEs ever delivered to
the Navy.
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Today's mission is operational test of
the thrust system over water.
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We're going to be operating at high
weight and power.
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Engineers have created a craft like no
other on the ocean.
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The ship -to -shore connector is the U
.S.
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Navy's latest and greatest amphibious
vehicle.
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Built to conquer the planet's
coastlines, this versatile vehicle can
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the sea and land to deliver troops and
cargo to remote locations.
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Powered by four gas turbine engines that
produce an excess of 24 ,000
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horsepower,
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The ship -to -shore connector can reach
speeds of 35 knots in waves up to 4 feet
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high and transport a payload of either
145 combat
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Marines or 74 tons of equipment, enough
to carry the Abrams M1A1
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tank fitted with a full -width mine
plow.
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Once the finished vehicle enters active
service, it must be able to access
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environments that would be impossible to
reach with other landing craft.
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The uniqueness of the platforms that the
Navy and Marine Corps team are working
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with industry to design have to be able
to be better than just a normal craft or
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a normal boat.
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So we talk about a deployed scenario and
the lack of infrastructure in a foreign
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location. We absolutely have to provide
solutions that allow us to execute these
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missions across a myriad of scenarios.
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For inspiration, engineers must look to
the innovators of the past.
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On the British coast, physicist Andrew
Steele has traveled to discover the
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secrets of a historic military
innovation.
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To you and me, this just looks like a
cold day at the beach. But to engineers
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the military, this represents a
challenge.
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How can you move seamlessly between land
and water and back again without having
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to spend ages loading and unloading
boats? And if you're in the military,
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basically being a sitting duck.
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It's a problem English engineer Sir
Christopher Cockrell spent years
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contemplating.
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His solution.
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A whole new type of vehicle eliminating
the boundary between sea and land.
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The hovercraft.
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This amazing machine is the SRN5, the
Saunders Row Nautical 5 hovercraft. And
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it's the world's first production
hovercraft based on the pioneering work
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Christopher Cockrell.
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And isn't it beautiful?
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It looks sort of retro and yet
futuristic at the same time.
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After making its debut flight in 1964,
the SRN -5 was the first hovercraft to
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enter military service.
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This craft was a real trailblazer.
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It still got essentially all the same
technology as powers a modern
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And this was the first commercially
successful hovercraft in the world.
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The SRN -5 was the result of more than
five years of research and development.
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Capable of floating across both land and
water,
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Cockrell's game -changing technology
would go on to transform the nature of
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amphibious operations.
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Given that this vehicle can do something
that sounds miraculous, hover in midair
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and move over almost any kind of
terrain, it's really based on some
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simple physics.
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One of the big innovations in the SRN5
was that enormous Rolls -Royce engine at
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the top there, which is powering the
whole hovercraft. And what does it
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Well, the first crucial thing is this
fan in here.
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It doesn't look like a fan that you
might normally see.
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Its blades are vertical.
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It's something called a centrifugal fan.
And this fan acts as the lift fan. It's
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the crucial thing that makes this a
hovercraft. It sucks air from the
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and uses it to fill up this enormous
skirt underneath the vehicle and lift it
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all up off the ground, reducing that
friction.
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To make the hover work, air from the fan
is channeled into a thin curtain around
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the perimeter of the vehicle, lifting it
off the ground and trapping a cushion
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of air under the hovercraft.
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The second critical part of this vehicle
is that there, the thrust fan, an
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enormous set of rotor blades. And what
that does is it sucks air and pushes it
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backwards, thrusting the hovercraft
forward.
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Another critical innovation on the SRN5
is this thing, the hovercraft skirt.
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It traps the air, meaning less of it can
escape.
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And because it's made of this flexible,
rubbery material, it can adopt the
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contours of whatever terrain it's moving
over, giving it incredible flexibility.
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Cockrell's design revolutionized ship
-to -shore operations forever.
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This beauty is basically a modern
version of the SRN -5, and it operates
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exactly the same principles.
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So how do those principles work in
practice?
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They're just driving straight towards
the sea.
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And how have engineers modernized the
design for the most
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00:09:51,550 --> 00:09:54,290
advanced ship -to -shore vehicle in
naval history?
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We can make a landing almost anywhere on
the planet with this technology.
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00:10:01,450 --> 00:10:06,050
Engineer Christopher Cockrell developed
the concept behind the SRN -5 in the
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1950s.
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Its fan and skirt design allowed the
hovercraft to do what no other vehicles
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the time could.
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00:10:16,730 --> 00:10:21,510
By flying on its air cushion, the craft
can transition between land and sea
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without stopping, a game -changing
innovation that revolutionized landing
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operations.
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Physicist Andrew Steele is about to
experience this remarkable capability
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hand.
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So, let's get those fans going and fire
this baby up.
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We're just driving straight towards the
sea, which is completely crazy.
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That is bizarre.
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Just driving smoothly from the beach
straight into the sea.
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It's a chilly morning out here.
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Now the holograph's up and running,
we've got that miffed fan blowing the
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00:11:15,730 --> 00:11:18,410
into the cushion underneath us. We're
just hovering out here.
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More than 60 years after its
introduction, the hovercraft has helped
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how the military moves from ship to
shore.
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You can really see why the hovercraft is
such a breakthrough.
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It's such a simple idea, but it's such a
powerful, versatile vehicle.
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One of the most versatile on the planet.
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All right, Ben, take us home.
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By supersizing the air cushion
innovation pioneered by Cockrell,
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made the SSC the most capable hovercraft
on Earth.
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We can reach up to 70 % of the world's
coastline on the hovercraft.
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We can make a landing almost anywhere on
the planet with this technology.
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00:12:19,060 --> 00:12:23,740
Today, pilot Josh Pearsall and his team
in Florida are preparing to put the
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advanced air cushion to the test.
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on one of this amazing vehicle's first
flights.
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By flying six
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feet above the surface, the SSC can
overcome obstacles that would make
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impossible for traditional landing
craft.
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It allows us to go Almost anywhere over
water and land itself, whether it's
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sand, dirt, ice, you name it, it can go
there.
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In Louisiana,
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engineer Ryan Schaffernacher has access
to the impressive inner workings of the
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oversized air cushion.
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00:13:18,460 --> 00:13:21,520
So I'm standing inside the bag of the
SSC.
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Directly above me is where we install
the lift fan volute.
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Inside that volute is the lift fan
impeller. The impeller drives air
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this duct inside the bag and also drives
air upwards through the bow thruster.
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And in order to enhance Cockrell's early
design, the SSC's engineers have
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devised an updated take on the skirt
system.
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So here we're installing the advanced
skirt for the SSC.
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It is a vulcanized rubber over Kevlar
fiber reinforcement.
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The air cushion works via the lift band.
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So through our main engines, we
transform that power through the lift
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drive air pressure into the skirt.
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The skirt is a bag and finger type
system.
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The fingers direct that air pressure to
the exterior of the craft, providing
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00:14:10,860 --> 00:14:11,860
it's lift.
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By powering two giant fans.
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The enormous skirt is filled with air in
a matter of seconds.
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00:14:22,820 --> 00:14:26,740
Hundreds of individual fingers wrap
around the perimeter to create a curtain
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air that lifts the SSC off the ground.
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Each finger can move independently,
allowing them to flex when traveling
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uneven surfaces to improve ride quality
and handling.
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And the small cross -section of each
finger helps reduce friction to enable
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00:14:44,920 --> 00:14:46,020
increased speeds.
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The skirt is the key for the craft. It's
what makes this an air -cushion
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vehicle, right? It's what makes it fully
amphibious.
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Without this technology, it wouldn't be
able to perform mission.
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But the SSC requires more than just its
advanced skirt to operate effectively.
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A key factor in enabling us to be able
to transport people and cargo to the
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beach is speed.
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00:15:15,350 --> 00:15:17,450
We're in a contested environment
oftentimes.
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We're against an adversary, and we need
to be able to quickly maneuver so that
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00:15:22,550 --> 00:15:25,810
we can support and execute our mission
in a timely and efficient manner.
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00:15:27,830 --> 00:15:31,530
And the key to achieving this objective
is plenty of power.
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What we have before us here is the Rolls
-Royce MT -7 gas turbine engine. There
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are four of these on the SSC platform,
which provide propulsion.
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These impressive engines drive a pair of
thrust propellers that measure in at
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00:15:49,940 --> 00:15:54,320
almost 12 feet across and push the FSC
forward at high speed.
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So let's look at the performance overall
for the craft.
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We're looking at a top speed somewhere
between 30 to 40 knots.
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This engine was selected because of its
lightweight and its pound -for -pound
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punch in the way of power.
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00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,440
At the experimental test base in
Florida,
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00:16:17,620 --> 00:16:23,320
Senior Chief Josh Pearsall is one of the
few people to have experienced the
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speed of the SSC firsthand.
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00:16:26,540 --> 00:16:29,120
I am very impressed by what I've seen of
it so far.
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00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:34,280
The advantages of being able to move
fast that allows us to rapidly deploy
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00:16:34,280 --> 00:16:38,380
forces around the world and build up the
force that we need in any terrain.
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As part of today's test flight, Josh
gets to put these powerful engines
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their paces.
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00:16:46,920 --> 00:16:48,100
All right, here we go.
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00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:49,840
Start in one and two, Bravo.
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00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:51,420
Start in one and two, Bravo.
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00:16:56,640 --> 00:17:02,840
Combined, the SSC's engines produce
around 40 ,000 pounds of thrust, the
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00:17:02,840 --> 00:17:04,780
equivalent of an F -35 jet.
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Got rotation all around.
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00:17:07,920 --> 00:17:08,920
Roger.
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00:17:13,710 --> 00:17:18,910
And with such mighty mechanical muscle
at its disposal, this all -new
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00:17:18,910 --> 00:17:22,849
powerhouse will be able to accomplish
its mission at previously impossible
225
00:17:22,849 --> 00:17:23,849
speeds.
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00:17:29,190 --> 00:17:32,130
It's a critical element of the SSD's
design.
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00:17:33,010 --> 00:17:37,330
But the demands of the military's
mission pose more challenges for
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00:17:38,110 --> 00:17:42,750
You have to make design selections that
are both lightweight to allow the craft
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00:17:42,750 --> 00:17:43,559
to fly.
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00:17:43,560 --> 00:17:47,800
but also rigid enough to perform a very
heavy payload transition from the ship
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to the shore.
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00:17:49,440 --> 00:17:53,680
To find a solution, they must turn to
the great innovators of the past.
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00:17:54,340 --> 00:17:59,000
You can imagine soldiers getting ready
to fly this plane into battle.
234
00:18:04,660 --> 00:18:08,360
To move some of the U .S. military's
most heavy -duty equipment.
235
00:18:10,320 --> 00:18:16,360
In some of the planet's hardest -to
-reach locations, engineers have created
236
00:18:16,360 --> 00:18:18,420
awe -inspiring amphibious vehicle.
237
00:18:23,660 --> 00:18:25,560
The ship -to -shore connector.
238
00:18:29,980 --> 00:18:36,820
Designed to be deployed from transport
ships known as sea bases, the SSC can
239
00:18:36,820 --> 00:18:39,100
fly at high speeds across the open
ocean.
240
00:18:41,640 --> 00:18:46,360
and deliver a payload weighing the
equivalent of 11 African elephants to
241
00:18:46,360 --> 00:18:47,360
any terrain.
242
00:18:52,720 --> 00:18:57,840
But the need to launch its operations
from far offshore can create challenges
243
00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:02,080
that the Navy's engineers and the
manufacturing team in Louisiana need to
244
00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:03,080
overcome.
245
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:09,410
We're typically looking at going from
ship... that are over the horizons
246
00:19:09,410 --> 00:19:11,530
anywhere between 10 to 20 miles.
247
00:19:11,810 --> 00:19:17,510
And then allowing cargo and Marines and
personnel to get from the ship to the
248
00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:18,510
shore.
249
00:19:18,770 --> 00:19:23,750
Typically, this can be in a contested
environment, so we have to be agile.
250
00:19:28,950 --> 00:19:35,050
All hovercraft of this type must be able
to launch from mothership, transition
251
00:19:35,050 --> 00:19:39,270
across the water, and navigate a range
of obstacles on the way to shore,
252
00:19:39,550 --> 00:19:41,670
potentially including hostile fire.
253
00:19:43,150 --> 00:19:45,330
There's absolutely no room for
compromise.
254
00:19:45,570 --> 00:19:48,990
Agility is a core feature of design for
this platform.
255
00:19:50,870 --> 00:19:56,190
To maximize maneuverability, engineers
have equipped the SSC with a trio of
256
00:19:56,190 --> 00:19:57,190
steering solutions.
257
00:19:58,110 --> 00:20:04,010
The SSC platform is designed with three
primary effectors for maneuverability.
258
00:20:04,400 --> 00:20:08,280
Those components are the controllable
pitch propeller, the rudders, and the
259
00:20:08,280 --> 00:20:09,280
thruster.
260
00:20:09,720 --> 00:20:13,660
What you see before you are six
controllable pitch propeller blades.
261
00:20:13,960 --> 00:20:18,580
The two rudders you see on the port and
the starboard side provide maximum
262
00:20:18,580 --> 00:20:20,440
steering capability for the platform.
263
00:20:21,260 --> 00:20:26,060
80 % of the craft's maneuverability
factors are controlled right here with
264
00:20:26,060 --> 00:20:28,100
rudders and the controllable pitch
propeller blades.
265
00:20:31,470 --> 00:20:35,550
By adjusting the pitch of the propeller
blades, the amount of thrust generated
266
00:20:35,550 --> 00:20:36,550
can be varied.
267
00:20:38,270 --> 00:20:41,910
When the blade angle is increased, more
thrust is produced.
268
00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:46,130
And when the blade angle is decreased,
thrust is reduced.
269
00:20:47,890 --> 00:20:52,090
The rudders then interrupt the airflow
coming from the propellers pushing the
270
00:20:52,090 --> 00:20:54,030
stern of the craft in the desired
direction.
271
00:20:58,990 --> 00:21:03,270
The bow thrusters provide that fine
-tuning aspect of maneuverability.
272
00:21:05,070 --> 00:21:09,490
By directing a stream of pressurized air
from the SSC's lift fan through
273
00:21:09,490 --> 00:21:14,990
rotatable nozzles, the bow thrusters
move the craft in the opposing
274
00:21:19,170 --> 00:21:20,650
Off the coast of Florida.
275
00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:22,990
Just enough to get through the bridge.
276
00:21:25,260 --> 00:21:29,280
Senior Chief Josh Pearsall is testing
out the SSC's agility.
277
00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:40,020
Under his direction, the pitch
propellers, rudders, and bow thrusters
278
00:21:40,020 --> 00:21:42,260
tandem to precisely maneuver the craft.
279
00:21:43,380 --> 00:21:44,760
All right, here we go.
280
00:21:44,980 --> 00:21:45,980
Roger.
281
00:21:48,100 --> 00:21:53,220
Capable of seamless transitions between
forward, reverse, and lateral movement.
282
00:21:53,580 --> 00:22:00,120
The SSC can even turn 360 degrees inside
its own footprint, allowing it to
283
00:22:00,120 --> 00:22:02,460
navigate through congested terrain with
ease.
284
00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:09,300
But agility alone is not nearly enough
for the SSC to meet its mission.
285
00:22:14,020 --> 00:22:19,610
A key consideration in the design
process for SSC... There's weight and
286
00:22:19,610 --> 00:22:24,050
savings. We have to ensure that there's
a balance between what each component
287
00:22:24,050 --> 00:22:26,990
weighs with how much payload we can take
ashore.
288
00:22:29,230 --> 00:22:34,730
The bottom line for SST is every pound
matters, whether we're talking that from
289
00:22:34,730 --> 00:22:37,970
the perspective of weight savings or how
much payload we can take ashore.
290
00:22:39,430 --> 00:22:44,490
For a light but tough hovercraft, the
SST's engineers must look to the
291
00:22:44,490 --> 00:22:45,490
of the path.
292
00:22:53,740 --> 00:22:58,460
Engineer Dan Dickrell has traveled to
the Military Aviation Museum in Virginia
293
00:22:58,460 --> 00:23:03,060
Beach to discover an incredible piece of
aeronautical history.
294
00:23:11,820 --> 00:23:13,820
This is the Yonkers 52.
295
00:23:14,180 --> 00:23:16,500
It was the first cargo plane made out of
aluminum.
296
00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:18,660
Look at this thing.
297
00:23:18,900 --> 00:23:19,900
It's immense.
298
00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:22,880
It feels like modern aviation has
arrived.
299
00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:32,700
Designed by Ernst Zindel, the Junkers 52
made its maiden flight in 1930.
300
00:23:34,980 --> 00:23:40,000
And its revolutionary all -metal
construction meant it could carry an
301
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:41,580
6 ,000 -pound payload.
302
00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:45,420
A huge upgrade from wooden airframes.
303
00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:53,200
You get a sense of how much space is in
here, all of this volume. You can
304
00:23:53,200 --> 00:23:56,860
imagine. All of the supplies that could
fit in here and the soldiers getting
305
00:23:56,860 --> 00:23:59,420
ready to fly this plane into battle.
306
00:24:01,940 --> 00:24:06,740
A key factor in making this aircraft
capable of carrying all that cargo is
307
00:24:06,740 --> 00:24:07,740
skin.
308
00:24:11,220 --> 00:24:16,340
On the side of the aircraft, we can see
this unusual corrugated shape. That's
309
00:24:16,340 --> 00:24:20,940
because... This aircraft is made almost
entirely out of aluminum alloy called
310
00:24:20,940 --> 00:24:23,920
Duralumin, which was discovered by
Alfred Wilm.
311
00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:31,120
Wilm was a German metallurgist, and his
breakthrough alloy would go on to
312
00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:33,160
revolutionize aviation engineering.
313
00:24:36,120 --> 00:24:39,360
When you look at this inspection panel,
you get a good sense of how this
314
00:24:39,360 --> 00:24:40,480
aircraft is constructed.
315
00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:44,800
You can actually see the structural
elements that compose.
316
00:24:45,200 --> 00:24:50,620
the aircraft, and then also you can see
the skin. This is all made of duralumin,
317
00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:55,080
that really, really strong material that
enables the plane to carry as much
318
00:24:55,080 --> 00:24:57,100
cargo capacity as possible.
319
00:24:58,620 --> 00:25:02,860
By manufacturing from a metal that was
both light enough for flight and strong
320
00:25:02,860 --> 00:25:07,440
enough to hold heavy payloads, the
Yunkers proved that airborne cargo
321
00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:08,440
was possible.
322
00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:14,820
This plane, as big as it is, only weighs
about 5 ,600 kilograms or about six and
323
00:25:14,820 --> 00:25:15,799
a half tons.
324
00:25:15,800 --> 00:25:17,480
It's a remarkable airplane.
325
00:25:19,940 --> 00:25:24,580
Ville's development of aluminum alloy
was crucial to aviation history, but it
326
00:25:24,580 --> 00:25:25,920
was not a smooth process.
327
00:25:26,560 --> 00:25:29,720
It's still quite bendable, and this was
very disappointing to Ville.
328
00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:34,320
To build the Navy's lightest and
strongest hovercraft of all time.
329
00:25:34,720 --> 00:25:39,020
The engineers behind the shift -to
-shore connector will need to use Wilm's
330
00:25:39,020 --> 00:25:41,960
-won innovation in a modern and massive
way.
331
00:25:42,440 --> 00:25:45,880
Collection of this material is critical
to the success of this vehicle.
332
00:25:48,040 --> 00:25:53,040
When the Junkers 52 debuted in 1930, it
was an aviation wonder.
333
00:25:53,820 --> 00:25:58,940
Lighter and tougher than previous
planes, the massive carrying capacity
334
00:25:58,940 --> 00:26:03,320
courtesy of Duralumin, an aluminum alloy
discovered by German metallurgist
335
00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:04,320
Alfred Wilm.
336
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:12,940
Engineer Dan Dickrell is demonstrating
how this revolutionary material came to
337
00:26:12,940 --> 00:26:16,480
exist. What I have here is a regular
piece of aluminum.
338
00:26:16,940 --> 00:26:20,140
Nothing special about it. It's not very
strong. It's quite bendable.
339
00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:24,760
This is not very well suited for use in
aircraft.
340
00:26:25,340 --> 00:26:29,280
Will knew this, and so what he did is he
tried to employ the same techniques
341
00:26:29,280 --> 00:26:35,700
that were used to strength -harden
steel. So how we do that is
342
00:26:35,700 --> 00:26:37,020
we create...
343
00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:40,120
An intense source of heat.
344
00:26:40,340 --> 00:26:42,020
In this case, I'm going to use this
blowtorch.
345
00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:46,240
And I'm going to heat treat this piece
of aluminum.
346
00:26:46,460 --> 00:26:50,540
If we were going to do this on steel,
the same technique would be to heat it
347
00:26:50,540 --> 00:26:53,080
to around 700 degrees Celsius.
348
00:26:53,760 --> 00:26:56,760
And then you quickly quench it.
349
00:26:57,380 --> 00:27:02,120
And then we check and see how the
strength properties of this aluminum
350
00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:06,320
It's still quite bendable. And this was
very disappointing to film.
351
00:27:07,550 --> 00:27:13,450
He had left his laboratory, his tools,
and he came back a few days later and re
352
00:27:13,450 --> 00:27:16,570
-examined the aluminum. And what he
discovered was this.
353
00:27:17,150 --> 00:27:20,810
It looks the same, but this is age
-hardened aluminum.
354
00:27:21,110 --> 00:27:24,290
When I try and bend it, it's a lot
tougher.
355
00:27:24,510 --> 00:27:28,050
And this was the magic behind age
-hardened aluminum.
356
00:27:28,330 --> 00:27:33,610
That over time, the atomic structure had
changed, enhancing its mechanical
357
00:27:33,610 --> 00:27:36,410
properties. And that's what makes this
material brilliant.
358
00:27:36,990 --> 00:27:40,870
for aircraft usage is because it is very
light and it is very strong.
359
00:27:45,370 --> 00:27:49,370
Vilm's discovery went on to totally
transform the aviation industry.
360
00:27:50,590 --> 00:27:54,790
And many modern aircraft are still built
with age -hardened aluminum today.
361
00:27:56,330 --> 00:28:01,030
Without the invention of this amazing
material, the idea of cargo -carrying
362
00:28:01,030 --> 00:28:02,670
flight would still be impossible.
363
00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:13,780
At the experimental test base in
Florida,
364
00:28:14,700 --> 00:28:20,620
Colonel Paul Morita knows that the
ability to move more cargo can be key to
365
00:28:20,620 --> 00:28:21,860
success of an operation.
366
00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:27,380
A lighter landing craft is an increased
payload.
367
00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:31,800
That means more troops, more vehicles,
more combat power, and more sustainment
368
00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:36,160
ashore. The reason that's important is
because the quicker that we can get our
369
00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:40,000
combat power ashore, the faster we can
prosecute operations.
370
00:28:40,590 --> 00:28:41,630
Once we hit the beach.
371
00:28:44,350 --> 00:28:50,390
By adopting Vilms Aluminum Innovation,
the SSC is both strong and light enough
372
00:28:50,390 --> 00:28:54,310
to transport a payload almost 22 times
greater than the Yonkers.
373
00:28:55,170 --> 00:28:57,790
A staggering 74 tons.
374
00:28:59,190 --> 00:29:05,690
The SSC allows us to carry extremely
heavy loads, like some of our heavier
375
00:29:05,690 --> 00:29:08,830
trucks, some of our artillery systems,
and some of our armored vehicles.
376
00:29:10,220 --> 00:29:15,160
At fully loaded capacity, this
exceptional hovercraft can move the
377
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:20,060
weight of 30 Humvees, an essential
ability that empowers the troops on the
378
00:29:20,060 --> 00:29:21,060
lines.
379
00:29:22,040 --> 00:29:25,460
These vehicles are important to our
operations because it gives us mobility,
380
00:29:25,740 --> 00:29:29,940
gives us speed, and inherent in that is
extra firepower as well.
381
00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:36,140
At the factory in New Orleans.
382
00:29:38,090 --> 00:29:42,430
The engineering team is working with
this amazing metal as they prepare
383
00:29:42,430 --> 00:29:44,550
vehicle to roll off the production line.
384
00:29:46,370 --> 00:29:51,270
So to construct the hull and the above
-deck modules, we use 5083 aluminum.
385
00:29:52,450 --> 00:29:57,330
It's a choice that's undoubtedly
influenced by Junker's pioneering cargo
386
00:29:59,510 --> 00:30:02,370
Aircraft and the SSD share a similar
design.
387
00:30:02,610 --> 00:30:04,710
They're both very, very sensitive to
weight.
388
00:30:05,900 --> 00:30:10,760
The way that aircraft are constructed
using aluminum, just very similar to
389
00:30:11,260 --> 00:30:14,880
the same kind of structural engineering
approach, the same type of materials.
390
00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:22,520
But the demands placed on the SSE means
strength is just as important as weight.
391
00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:29,000
The SSE is designed so that you can
carry very, very heavy payloads,
392
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:30,840
the Abrams M1A1 tank.
393
00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:34,320
That tank needs to be able to roll on
top of the SSE.
394
00:30:35,290 --> 00:30:39,030
The modules that we designed for the SSE
need to be able to withstand those
395
00:30:39,030 --> 00:30:40,030
kinds of loads.
396
00:30:42,730 --> 00:30:47,350
In this cell, we're building up the
fixed and deployable ramps for the SSE.
397
00:30:47,910 --> 00:30:51,330
You can see the stiffeners that are used
to strengthen up the module.
398
00:30:51,730 --> 00:30:56,190
We use 5083 aluminum plate and extrusion
to build these and then install them on
399
00:30:56,190 --> 00:30:57,190
the craft.
400
00:30:58,070 --> 00:31:01,350
Collection of this material is critical
to the success of this vehicle.
401
00:31:09,580 --> 00:31:13,600
Engineers have designed an amphibious
vehicle more capable than any other.
402
00:31:14,660 --> 00:31:19,520
But working in destructive offshore
conditions presents plenty more
403
00:31:20,980 --> 00:31:24,860
When you look at the different
environments that we're called upon to
404
00:31:24,860 --> 00:31:28,720
in, it's some of the harshest
environments on the globe.
405
00:31:30,000 --> 00:31:34,640
To find answers, they must turn to the
great innovators of the past.
406
00:31:35,210 --> 00:31:39,370
I'm just kind of in awe of my
engineering ancestors.
407
00:31:46,330 --> 00:31:50,950
The Ship to Shore connector is the most
advanced hovercraft on the planet.
408
00:31:53,810 --> 00:31:58,470
Built to deliver U .S. troops and heavy
cargo into hard -to -reach locations,
409
00:31:58,770 --> 00:32:01,650
it's the ultimate amphibious vehicle.
410
00:32:04,450 --> 00:32:08,350
Driven by a pair of propellers that
measure almost 12 feet across,
411
00:32:10,190 --> 00:32:16,730
the SSD can hover on a six -foot cushion
of air and fly across the water
412
00:32:16,730 --> 00:32:21,950
straight on to 70 % of the planet's
coastlines to deliver its outsized
413
00:32:21,950 --> 00:32:26,030
an achievement unmatched by any other
landing craft.
414
00:32:32,140 --> 00:32:37,960
But if this brand new vehicle is to
achieve its objectives once deployed, it
415
00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:41,400
to be tough enough to survive the rigors
of military operation.
416
00:32:42,220 --> 00:32:48,860
When you look at the different
environments that we're called
417
00:32:48,860 --> 00:32:53,800
upon to operate in, it's some of the
harshest environments on the globe.
418
00:32:54,340 --> 00:32:58,880
And SSC has to deliver, has to be able
to take Marines and their cargo from the
419
00:32:58,880 --> 00:32:59,920
ship to the shore.
420
00:33:01,710 --> 00:33:06,450
To function in near -impossible
conditions characterized by corrosive
421
00:33:06,450 --> 00:33:12,450
water, abrasive sand, and punishing
temperature extremes, the SSC must be
422
00:33:12,450 --> 00:33:13,450
to last.
423
00:33:14,690 --> 00:33:20,590
We have to consider our ability to
maintain the craft as it operates over
424
00:33:20,590 --> 00:33:24,590
-year service life. We're talking about
wear and tear on the vehicle, individual
425
00:33:24,590 --> 00:33:28,530
components. how long they last, how
durable they are.
426
00:33:28,970 --> 00:33:33,490
Each component has to have that factor
of consideration before we install it or
427
00:33:33,490 --> 00:33:35,570
incorporate it into the design of FSC.
428
00:33:37,350 --> 00:33:42,070
For inspiration on marine durability,
engineers must look to history's great
429
00:33:42,070 --> 00:33:43,070
innovators.
430
00:33:51,670 --> 00:33:53,510
In Evansville, Indiana.
431
00:33:53,910 --> 00:33:54,910
Hi, Rick.
432
00:33:55,130 --> 00:33:57,130
Hello, Mark. I've got to put this on.
433
00:33:57,410 --> 00:34:02,270
Okay. Professor Mark Valenzuela is about
to take a once -in -a -lifetime ride on
434
00:34:02,270 --> 00:34:04,210
an icon of military engineering.
435
00:34:07,550 --> 00:34:14,449
Just thinking about 36 men kind of
anticipating their arrival onto Omaha
436
00:34:14,449 --> 00:34:18,889
Beach in a boat like this is kind of
amazing.
437
00:34:21,790 --> 00:34:23,969
This is an LCVP.
438
00:34:26,030 --> 00:34:31,770
or a landing craft vehicle personnel,
one of the most important vessels of
439
00:34:31,770 --> 00:34:32,770
War II.
440
00:34:39,870 --> 00:34:40,469
Built
441
00:34:40,469 --> 00:34:50,469
to
442
00:34:50,469 --> 00:34:54,550
navigate the challenges of shallow
waters and land troops directly on the
443
00:34:54,550 --> 00:34:55,550
of Europe,
444
00:34:57,940 --> 00:35:04,240
The LCVP was a game -changing
innovation, but its design was far from
445
00:35:07,740 --> 00:35:13,740
The original ones were made out of wood
and wood panels, so that would need to
446
00:35:13,740 --> 00:35:17,580
be pieced together using screws and
bolts.
447
00:35:18,300 --> 00:35:23,660
Anytime you create that hole in the
material, you're really compromising the
448
00:35:23,660 --> 00:35:24,720
integrity of the material.
449
00:35:27,340 --> 00:35:32,640
To improve the durability of the LCVP,
military engineers needed a new
450
00:35:36,660 --> 00:35:41,320
Luckily, an inventor by the name of
Gaines Slater had made a discovery that
451
00:35:41,320 --> 00:35:42,600
could help solve the problem.
452
00:35:45,260 --> 00:35:50,320
By bonding glass fibers inside a
hardening resin, Slater invented a
453
00:35:50,320 --> 00:35:52,160
plastic known as fiberglass.
454
00:35:55,740 --> 00:36:00,260
Stronger and lighter than steel, and
highly resistant to rot and extreme
455
00:36:00,260 --> 00:36:01,260
temperatures.
456
00:36:02,840 --> 00:36:07,420
It was an ideal solution for building a
new and improved generation of this
457
00:36:07,420 --> 00:36:08,740
iconic landing craft.
458
00:36:10,480 --> 00:36:17,060
Here it is, the fiberglass LCVP, and it
is a magnificent boat.
459
00:36:19,200 --> 00:36:21,420
First deployed during the Korean War.
460
00:36:22,030 --> 00:36:27,450
The redesigned LCVP is the earliest
known military vessel to be mass
461
00:36:27,450 --> 00:36:29,230
from fiber -reinforced plastic.
462
00:36:30,930 --> 00:36:36,410
We can kind of get that sense of that
fiberglass, that hollow thumping sound.
463
00:36:36,670 --> 00:36:37,930
This is in beautiful shape.
464
00:36:41,430 --> 00:36:46,710
The introduction of this incredible
composite material offered the new LCVP
465
00:36:46,710 --> 00:36:47,710
number of advantages.
466
00:36:50,280 --> 00:36:54,900
In terms of that manufacturing with
fiberglass, we can make it as big as we
467
00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:58,640
to. So we aren't limited by the size of
the planks that we would use in regular
468
00:36:58,640 --> 00:36:59,640
plywood.
469
00:36:59,800 --> 00:37:05,280
And so because we can fabricate it in
fewer pieces and fewer joints, there's
470
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:09,120
going to be fewer weaknesses associated
with all of those joints.
471
00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:16,120
The radical new strength available via
fiberglass produced a more durable,
472
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:18,280
-hitting LCVP than ever before.
473
00:37:19,560 --> 00:37:25,020
To build on its remarkable success, the
engineers behind the ship -to -shore
474
00:37:25,020 --> 00:37:27,300
connector will need to take Slater's
lead.
475
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:31,740
Using composites allows us to achieve
some very complex arrow shapes.
476
00:37:32,120 --> 00:37:35,660
And adapt his innovative idea for the
21st century.
477
00:37:37,020 --> 00:37:41,560
In order to build the most capable and
durable hovercraft the U .S. Navy has
478
00:37:41,560 --> 00:37:44,720
ever seen, engineers need the right
materials.
479
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:48,820
the team is looking to their forefathers
for inspiration.
480
00:37:51,040 --> 00:37:55,860
When military engineers needed to
redesign the Landing Craft Vehicle
481
00:37:56,000 --> 00:38:02,060
or LCVP, in the 1950s, they turned from
plywood to fiberglass.
482
00:38:03,020 --> 00:38:07,300
So we can kind of imagine plywood panels
that would be used to form the shape of
483
00:38:07,300 --> 00:38:12,080
this hole. These two pieces of paper
just kind of butted against each other.
484
00:38:12,280 --> 00:38:16,420
We need some way to be able to hold
these panels together.
485
00:38:16,700 --> 00:38:20,800
What we could do is kind of simulate
these mechanical fasteners just using
486
00:38:20,800 --> 00:38:25,460
staples. But once I start to introduce
these staples, those holes then become
487
00:38:25,460 --> 00:38:28,700
these points of weakness in this
material.
488
00:38:28,940 --> 00:38:33,310
It might actually be easy for us to be
able to... break them open like this,
489
00:38:33,590 --> 00:38:37,810
especially along those joints. And so
you'll notice that the failure is
490
00:38:37,810 --> 00:38:38,810
all along that.
491
00:38:39,510 --> 00:38:43,130
So this is one of the weaknesses that we
see with the use of plywood.
492
00:38:43,430 --> 00:38:48,430
The advantage, of course, with
fiberglass is to be able to use one
493
00:38:48,430 --> 00:38:52,590
sheet that doesn't have to rely on any
of these joints or any of these
494
00:38:52,590 --> 00:38:53,850
mechanical fasteners.
495
00:38:55,530 --> 00:39:00,650
Thanks to the introduction of reinforced
plastic, many fiberglass LCVPs are
496
00:39:00,650 --> 00:39:04,330
still seaworthy, while none of their
plywood predecessors are.
497
00:39:05,310 --> 00:39:11,690
Taking a look at this marvel of
engineering from the 1950s, and I'm just
498
00:39:11,690 --> 00:39:14,590
in awe of my engineering ancestors.
499
00:39:25,530 --> 00:39:31,470
Today, at the production facility in New
Orleans, Ryan and the team are relying
500
00:39:31,470 --> 00:39:35,390
on fiber -reinforced plastics for key
components of the SSC.
501
00:39:36,770 --> 00:39:41,890
So we're using composite technology, the
latest epoxy and carbon fiber. We use
502
00:39:41,890 --> 00:39:46,030
that for our lift band volute, the bow
thruster, our drive shaft, the prop
503
00:39:46,270 --> 00:39:48,070
the rudders, as well as the propellers
themselves.
504
00:39:49,490 --> 00:39:54,170
Composites are very corrosion resistant
by their nature, so they're able to
505
00:39:54,170 --> 00:39:58,450
withstand the very difficult operating
environment, for instance, salt water
506
00:39:58,450 --> 00:40:00,270
those kind of heavy humidity
environments.
507
00:40:01,430 --> 00:40:07,430
And just like the pioneering landing
craft of the past, the SSC's durability
508
00:40:07,430 --> 00:40:10,190
improved through its use of these
innovative materials.
509
00:40:12,390 --> 00:40:16,750
Using composites allows us to reduce the
total part count on this craft and also
510
00:40:16,750 --> 00:40:20,830
allows us to achieve some very complex
arrow shapes, such as the lift band
511
00:40:20,830 --> 00:40:24,410
balloon that you see behind me. And
we're allowed to do that with fewer
512
00:40:24,610 --> 00:40:28,930
We were able to achieve these shapes by
molding the parts all in one.
513
00:40:29,130 --> 00:40:33,370
So with having fewer parts, that's less
parts that you have to maintain, so that
514
00:40:33,370 --> 00:40:34,710
improves the lifetime of the craft.
515
00:40:40,080 --> 00:40:45,560
Thanks to the impressive engineering
behind this amazing machine, the
516
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:48,820
of moving from ship to shore can be
easily conquered.
517
00:40:51,580 --> 00:40:56,240
The SSC is absolutely one of the most
amazing vehicles on the ocean, or the
518
00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:00,220
for that matter. This vehicle can do
things that no other vehicle can do.
519
00:41:05,580 --> 00:41:09,860
The capability of the SSC is amazing.
It's definitely in a league of its own.
520
00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:14,340
It's next generation, and it's going to
allow the Marine Corps to get combat
521
00:41:14,340 --> 00:41:17,900
power ashore much, much more quickly
than currently.
522
00:41:19,100 --> 00:41:25,800
By looking to the pioneers of the path
for inspiration, adapting
523
00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:26,800
their ideas,
524
00:41:27,900 --> 00:41:32,900
updating their designs, and overcoming
huge challenges,
525
00:41:35,950 --> 00:41:40,250
The Ship to Shore Connectors team has
built a boundary -pushing piece of
526
00:41:40,250 --> 00:41:46,470
amphibious engineering and succeeded in
making the impossible
527
00:41:46,470 --> 00:41:48,270
possible.
528
00:41:49,150 --> 00:41:53,010
The Ship to Shore Connector platform is
absolutely one of the most amazing
529
00:41:53,010 --> 00:41:54,850
platforms you'll ever see at sea.
530
00:41:55,090 --> 00:41:57,710
It's simply in a class of its own.
531
00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:02,310
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