All language subtitles for B1_t01_track3_[eng]-eng

Adolf Hitler caused the death
of 50 million people.

An entire nation followed him to ruin.

He was hated by those
he persecuted,

and even by some
of his own commanders.

Yet in 25 years,
no one managed to kill him.

Winston Churchill
had very few bodyguards,

whilst Hitler had thousands.
He needed them.

During his travels across Europe,
there were over 40 attempts on his life.

Now with access
to captured original SS records,

the producers of Churchill's Bodyguard

can reveal for the first time
in this new series

how fate and a small number
of hand-picked bodyguards

helped this evil genius
to cheat death on so many occasions.

Why did no one manage
to kill Adolf Hitler?

Enough people wanted to.

But as this series shows,
it was not as simple as it sounds.

Nevertheless, protecting him
was one of the world's toughest jobs.

As Hitler moved
from rabble-rousing politician

to supreme ruler of Nazi Germany,

he collected a legion of enemies.

More than 40 serious plots
and assassination attempts

are known during his political career.

Hundreds more threats
were recorded by the German police.

In contrast to Britain's
Winston Churchill,

who relied on one main bodyguard,

Hitler's bodyguard grew to thousands.

But more did not always mean better.

Hitler knew this,

and always relied on a ruthless
and fiercely loyal inner core.

Hitler himself was no coward,
especially in his early years.

He served four years
on the Western Front in World War I

and won the Iron Cross First Class.

In the first years
of his political struggle,

he often waded into bloody fistfights
with political opponents.

The men who fought alongside him
in these early conflicts

would remain at the very heart
of his security,

a personal bodyguard that stayed
with Hitler for the rest of his life.

Men like Bruno Gesche,
a tough street-fighter,

never afraid to get his hands dirty.

As Hitler fought his way
to become chancellor of Germany,

unsophisticated old-timers like Gesche
seemed out of place

among the thousands of professional
police and paramilitary troops

who now ringed Hitler
in layers of security.

Hitler repaid Gesche's loyalty
by never abandoning him.

He rose to be
Hitler's closest bodyguard.

One of a handful
of the Fuhrer's other oldest comrades,

he was an ever-present reminder
of those early risky days of struggle.

When Corporal Adolf Hitler
returned to Munich in Bavaria

from front-line service following
Germany's humiliating defeat in 1918,

he was 29 years old.

Like hundreds of thousands of other
veterans, he was frustrated and angry,

convinced that they had been stabbed
in the back

by communists and Jews at home.

(translator) We were amazed.

The front-line troops
had not been beaten,

and we wondered
why the ceasefire came so quickly...

..and why we had to vacate
all our positions in such a hurry,

because everywhere
we stood on enemy territory.

(narrator) These men
were a ready recruiting ground

for the extremist political gangs

that seemed to offer some hope
and a solution to their troubles.

Communists, socialists and nationalists
fought pitched battles on the streets.

At times, Germany's new Weimar Republic
seemed on the edge of civil war.

In these dangerous days,
Adolf Hitler quickly seized the moment,

and established himself
as a rabble-rousing leader in Munich.

For protection, he did
what any other mobster would do:

he surrounded himself with muscle.

Hard men who could battle rival thugs,

and look out for Hitler as he provoked
crowds with racist speeches.

They became known
as the Sturmabteilung or SA,

brown-shirted bullyboys

who intimidated opponents
with fists, clubs and sometimes guns,

policing Nazi meetings
and breaking up those of their rivals.

And within this paramilitary gang
was an inner core,

the first of Hitler's
personal bodyguards.

Initially called the Ordner-Truppe,
or Stewards Troop,

and then Stosstrupp Hitler,
or Hitler Shock Troop.

The Shock Troops
included men like Rudolf Hess

who was to become Hitler's deputy.

Julius Schreck, who became
Hitler's personal chauffeur.

Emil Maurice,
who was to be imprisoned with Hitler,

and get to know some of
his leader's darkest secrets.

And Ulrich Graf, a butcher by trade,

who soon came close
to being killed for his leader.

Among the hardest SA men
was Bruno Gesche.

Just 17 years old
when he joined in 1922,

and too young
to have served in the war,

Gesche longed for a life of action.

He was a natural brawler

and his political activity
cost him a series of jobs.

He didn't care,

just so long as he was marching
to the beat of Hitler's drum.

After attempting a coup in 1923,

Hitler was imprisoned
and his party banned.

But Gesche kept the faith and re-joined
a revived Nazi Party in June 1925.

He was now ambitious to rise up the
party ranks and, after a rally in 1927,

he moved across to join
a new elite section of the SA.

This was the Schutzstaffel, or SS,
Hitler's personal protection squad,

which had been set up in 1925
when the Nazis were re-formed.

Whereas SA Brown Shirt membership
was humbered in its thousands,

the SS started
with less than 100 men.

By the time Gesche joined,
it still had only 280.

Initially, SS men distinguished
themselves from the SA

by wearing black caps
with a skull and crossbones insignia

and a field-grey uniform.

But soon they were dressed all in black,
with peaked caps and polished boots,

the uniform which would strike fear
all across Europe.

The SS had stricter entry requirements
than the general SA

and maintained tighter discipline.

Although subordinate to the SA, its
members acted like the Nazi Party elite.

Released from prison,

Hitler that realised armed revolution
was not the way to power.

He must become a legitimate politician
and use democracy to seize control.

This meant years
of political campaigning,

as he chased the votes he needed.

At first it was slow work.

The Weimar Republic stabilised
during the mid-1920s

and support for extremist parties
declined rapidly.

But the situation was transformed

as unemployment and despair
overwhelmed Germany

in the aftermath of
the Wall Street Crash of October 1929.

By 1932, the Nazis were
the largest party in the Reichstag

with more than 37 per cent of the vote.

Membership of the SA exploded
from 200,000

to 2.5 million.

And as it did so,
so the SS also expanded,

for it had acquired a leader
who had great plans for it.

In 1929, Hitler appointed
Heinrich Himmler as Reichsfiuihrer-SS.

This bespectacled 29-year-old,
a former clerk and chicken farmer,

would bring
a ruthless ambition to his job

and make the SS the most feared
organisation in Germany.

Gesche rose within the Black Shirt ranks
to become SS Sturmfiihrer.

Soon, the tough street-fighter would be
one of Hitler's most trusted protectors.

But this would expose him to
the jealousy and suspicion of Himmler,

his nominal boss,
a man who would tolerate no rivals,

and in his efforts
to destroy any competition,

would search out
their weaknesses.

As Gesche became one of Hitler's
most trusted protectors,

and revelled in the status
this brought,

he became a victim
to his own inner demons.

Among these, a weakness for alcohol.

Himmler kept files on the behaviour
of the men closest to Hitler.

He watched and took notes.

Then when those men got out of control,
he would pounce and eliminate them.

The story of this bitter struggle
between Gesche and Himmler

lies at the very heart of the chaos

that formed the substance
of Hitler's bodyguard.

Yet the Fuhrer himself
seemed unperturbed

by these rivalries
fought out all around him.

In fact, he relished it,

knowing that in this chaos lay the key
to his peculiar kind of protection.

Berlin, February 1932.

Bruno Gesche is one of eight chosen from
a group of outstanding young SS men

to form the SS-Begleitkommando,

Hitler's close escort squad

which will work round the clock
protecting the Fuhrer

in three eight-hour shifts.

The appointment was
a tremendous honour for the 27-year-old,

but it did not take long for Gesche
to fall foul of his nominal boss.

Just eight months later, when Hitler
was speaking at a Nazi Party rally,

Gesche was openly critical
about poor security.

This was the responsibility
of the SS

and, by implication, any criticism
was a public criticism of Himmler.

The head of the SS was furious

and had one of his minions
demand that Gesche be demoted

and removed
from the SS-Begleitkommando.

It was claimed that Gesche's outspoken
comments had brought shame on the SS

and demeaned its professional image.

But Himmler did not have his way.

Gesche was merely reprimanded.

It was a warning shot to Himmler not to
mess with Hitler's valued companions.

Shortly afterwards salt was rubbed
in the Reichsfiihrer-SS's wounds

when he was obliged to sign the contract
confirming Gesche's employment.

But, as far as he was concerned, this
was just his first round with Gesche.

In January 1933,

as leader of what was still
the largest party in the Reichstag,

Hitler was appointed
chancellor of Germany.

As head of government,
Hitler could now call on

all the security apparatus and
police forces of the Weimar Republic.

But as leader of the ruling Nazi Party,

he continued to rely mainly
on his own security force,

and this bodyguard expanded enormously.

At its core, remained
the SS-Begleitkommando,

the eight-man escort squad
that protected Hitler day and night.

Beyond that was Himmler's SS.

Only 280 men strong in 1929, it had
grown to 10,000 by the end of 1931.

And from these black-clad ranks

the new chancellor ordered
the recruitment on 17th March 1933

of a palace guard which swiftly
became known as the Leibstandarte SS.

Initially just 120 men under the command

of a tough former army sergeant
and police officer Sepp Dietrich,

the Leibstandarte's role was to guard
Hitler's residences and offices,

form a human wall around the Fuhrer
during public appearances,

and to provide muscle
for special security tasks.

Within a year the unit had grown
to almost 1,000 men

and was based
at the Lichterfelde Barracks.

Although nominally under
the control of Himmler,

Dietrich always took
his instructions directly from Hitler.

To confuse matters,

just two days before Hitler ordered
the formation of the Leibstandarte,

Himmler had authorised the establishment
of a Fuhrer protection group,

the Fuhrerschutzkommando, staffed by
detectives of the Bavarian State Police,

which Himmler had taken over
when the Nazis seized power.

In command was another tough ex-soldier,

Bavarian police captain
Johann Rattenhuber.

That the existence of two rival
new Fuhrer protection units

could be confusing was shown
by an incident in the spring of 1933.

Driving through Munich, Hitler became
aware of a car following his own.

He told his driver to increase the speed
of his supercharged Mercedes

so that the other car could not keep up.

It turned out that the strange car
pursuing Hitler

was full of Fihrerschutzkommando
bodyguards,

who had not thought of informing
the Fuhrer's immediate entourage.

Hitler was furious.

He had always been suspicious
of the civilian police,

particularly the Bavarian force

which had come so close to killing him
during the Beer Hall Putsch attempt.

Nevertheless, Himmler
overcame Hitler's prejudice.

The Fuihrerschutzkommando
became a separate agency,

the Reichssicherheitsdienst,
the Reich Security Service or RSD.

Himmler remained in nominal control,
but, like Dietrich,

Rattenhuber usually took
his instructions directly from Hitler.

Responsible for Hitler's
overall security,

the RSD followed up reports
of assassination plots,

kept key places such as his favourite
restaurants under surveillance,

secured travel routes,

and checked personnel and locations
before important public appearances.

Staffed by trained police detectives,

the RSD tended to look down
on the likes of Bruno Gesche

and his comrades
in Hitler's escort group.

They viewed them, not unfairly,
as rather brutish thugs,

untrained in police techniques.

But Hitler was no intellectual snob

and preferred the company
of his old companions.

Despite the new layers of security
with which he was now surrounded,

Hitler was cynical
about their effectiveness.

While talking to old colleagues
during the war,

he revealed his true feelings
about his own safety.

"In the two really dangerous attempts
made to assassinate me,

I owed my life not to the police,
but to pure chance."

The two occasions he was thinking of

were a bomb at the commemoration
of the Munich Putsch attempt,

which only missed killing him

because he'd left
12 minutes earlier than usual.

And the Swiss student
who stalked him across Germany,

and was only stopped by
chance by a suspicious railway official.

As Hitler went on to say,

"The confessions
of the Swiss man interested me."

"They confirmed my conviction
that no one can avoid an assassin

who is determined to risk his own life
in the execution of his mission."

"I can see why 90 per cent of the past
assassinations have been successful."

"The only preventive measure
one can take is to live irregularly;

to walk, to drive and to travel
at irregular times and unexpectedly."

Hitler took this to heart,

much to the annoyance
of his personal security officers,

and constantly changed
his mind at the last moment

about routes and methods of travel.

"Whenever I go anywhere by car,

I go off unexpectedly,
and without warning the police."

"As soon as the police get to hear
that I am going somewhere,

they adopt emergency measures,
which attract too much attention."

"One time when I was driving
from Vienna to Pressburg,

the police raised the alarm
along the entire route,

an action which was
all the more dangerous

because they did not have
the forces to guard the roads."

"On top of that,
the Gestapo plain-clothes men

dressed themselves in such
an astonishing collection of clothes,

like ostlers' capes, that any moron
could have recognised them."

Hitler only valued organised
police protection for public events,

but even then he was fatalistic.

"As there can be no absolute security
against fanatics,

I always make a point
of standing upright in my car."

"The world belongs to the brave."

"If some assassin wishes to shoot me

or blow me up with a bomb,

I am no safer sitting down
than standing up."

It was probably because Hitler
was so cynical

about the efforts of his regiments
of security officers and policemen

that he liked to keep
familiar faces close to him,

old bodyguards
such as Bruno Gesche.

But SS commander Himmler
wasn't happy with this,

and never abandoned
his feud with Gesche.

As Himmler gained almost unlimited power
within Nazi Germany,

he would come back to haunt him.

Soon, Hitler's number-one bodyguard
would need his own protection,

and it would come from his Fuhrer.

In May 1934, Bruno Gesche became
commander of Hitler's escort squad,

the SS-Begleitkommando.

Almost immediately,
Himmler attempted to seize control

of Hitler's closest bodyguards.

They were incorporated into
the new Reich Security Service

for administrative purposes.

And then he suspended their salaries
to show who was in charge.

But Gesche did not take the bait

and avoided a direct confrontation
with Himmler by going to Sepp Dietrich,

the no-nonsense commander
of the Leibstandarte.

Dietrich had a deep dislike of Himmler
and later described his greed.

"His appetite for power
just could not be satisfied."

"On top of this, he was a great hand
at hoarding and scrounging."

"He received money
from everywhere and everybody."

"Every SS leader had to pay
him a monthly donation."

Dietrich was close to the Fuihrer

and insisted the money tap for his
bodyguard be turned back on.

Himmler could do little but give in.

It was another humiliation
for which Gesche was responsible

and which would not
be forgotten or forgiven.

However, for the next four years,
relations between the two men simmered

but did not burst out again
into open confrontation.

Himmler concentrated
on establishing the SS

as the dominant power
within the Nazi state.

During 1936, Himmler's control of all
German civilian police was formalised,

and the Gestapo spread
its secret surveillance web

over every aspect of German life.

As Hitler focused on rebuilding
Germany's strength

through a massive programme
of public works,

such as the autobahn network
and a massive rearmament programme,

his bodyguard established a routine.

Everywhere he went he was accompanied
by men of the Begleitkommando.

And before a trip or formal occasion,

the RSD would check the route,
the buildings along it,

and the place which Hitler was to visit.

Local Gestapo and police
would be called in as necessary.

As far as possible, the streets
or approaches to a building

would be lined with uniformed SS men;
every third man facing the crowd.

There would be marksmen on the roofs,

while plain-clothes RSD men or
criminal police mingled with the crowds.

The Fuhrer's motorcade
was preceded by a single pilot car

to warn the guards to stand to.

Then 50 metres behind
came Hitler's car,...

..usually a gleaming,
open six-seater Grosser Mercedes,

or the massive six-wheel Mercedes G4.

Hitler always stood or sat
in the front beside the driver

with a member of the Begleitkommando
and an adjutant right behind him.

Immediately following were three cars
with the rest of the Begleitkommando

and a detachment of RSD men.

Then, after a 100-metre gap,

came the cars of other Nazi chieftains
or foreign guests.

By the beginning of 1938,

as Hitler started to put his aggressive
expansion plans into action,

the responsibilities
of his bodyguard grew rapidly.

Hitler's first target
was his homeland, Austria.

After its government had refused
to buckle in to Hitler's demands

and announced a referendum
on unification with Germany,

Hitler ordered an invasion
on 12th March.

Complete surprise and the noisy welcome
given by local Nazis

made the assault bloodless
and apparently popular.

Hitler was eager to visit
his new conquest

and set off immediately by air
to Munich.

From there he was driven across
the border to his birthplace at Braunau

in a convoy of 12 cars, all of them
massive six-wheel Mercedes-Benz.

Five of them were filled with
Begleitkommando and RSD men

commanded by Bruno Gesche.

Cheering crowds greeted him
whenever he stopped,

but Gesche's bodyguards
were taking no chances.

They carried two pistols each,

and had 14 sub-machine guns
between them,

with over 2,500 rounds of ammunition.

They were right to be concerned.

Hitler's aggressive foreign policy

was increasing the number of enemies
lined up against him,

happy to see him dead.

It was just as the pressures
on Hitler's bodyguard were growing,

that Himmler tried again to rein in
the activities of Hitler's SS escort.

At the end of 1937, he had imposed
a strict new rule on SS members.

If they were found guilty
of abusing alcohol,

they had to promise to abstain
from drink for 12 years or resign.

Having obtained evidence that Gesche's
alcohol intake was uncontrolled

and dangerous
for the maintenance of his job,

Himmler felt convinced he could nail
the lanky bodyguard once and for all.

On 26th September 1938, Gesche
was told to sign a written statement

swearing not to touch spirits for three
years, or face expulsion from the SS.

Gesche had no choice but to agree.

It seemed a victory to Himmler,
but it was short-lived.

After just a few months,

such was the affection for Gesche among
the SS and the influence of the Fiihrer

that Himmler
had to lift the drinking ban.

It appeared that Hitler did not mind
that the head of his personal bodyguard

was drinking too much while on duty.

In fact, this was not the only weakness
of his number one protector

that Hitler chose to ignore.

Gesche was slightly cross-eyed
and Hitler would joke

it was a good thing he did not sit
directly behind him in his car.

Otherwise, he might shoot
Hitler in the back by mistake.

But he was prepared to take the risk.

With the countdown to war in Europe
accelerating

and with his own generals
showing concern

about the path down
which he was leading Germany,

Hitler liked to be surrounded
by the company of trusted men.

World War Il started well
for Adolf Hitler.

On 1st September 1939, German armies
crossed the border into Poland

and rapidly overran
the western part of the country.

Hitler was impatient
to visit his new conquests

and just two days into the campaign

set off from Berlin by rail
to visit the battle front in Poland.

The Begleitkommando and RSD
were now given field-grey SS uniforms

with the insignia appropriate
to their military police rank.

They would continue to be responsible
for Hitler's close protection,

but wider security now involved
another potentially competing group.

This was the army's Fuhrer escort
battalion or Fuihrer Begleit Battalion,

commanded by Colonel Erwin Rommel.

Set up just before war began,

this new unit took responsibility for
guarding Hitler's military headquarters

and accompanying him when he visited
front-line command posts.

When the train reached Bad Polzin,

Hitler and his staff transferred to
a convoy of grey-painted Mercedes.

All were open-topped, with machine-guns
mounted on the SS escort cars.

Escort battalion troops
with motorcycles and armoured cars

preceded and backed up the column.

The mood was very relaxed.

Hitler feared little,

thinking no one would dare to attack him
with his troops all round him.

His bodyguard chatted
and took photographs of each other.

But while out in the countryside,
a shot rang out.

A Polish sniper
killed a German truck driver

as he was passing close
to Hitler's convoy.

The truck went out of control

and crashed into one of Hitler's
escort vehicles.

It was a close shave, but nothing could
deter Hitler and his bodyguard.

Hours later, he watched his troops
crossing the river Vistula

while Polish bombers
dropped their bombs just a mile away.

Hitler was in a triumphant mood

and Gesche and the overall SS escort
seemed to share it,

consequently lowering their guard.

They were to get a rude wake-up call
just two months later.

On 8th November 1939, Hitler went
to the Buirgerbréu beer hall in Munich,

for one of the Nazi Party's
most sacred rituals:

the anniversary celebration
of the attempted putsch in 1923.

He began speaking just after 8pm,

earlier than usual, because he had
urgent business to attend to in Berlin.

By 9:07pm, he'd left the hall.

His old comrades
continued to drink and reminisce.

Just 12 minutes later, a bomb
exploded behind the speaker's rostrum.

Eight people were killed and 60 injured.

For Hitler, his escape
was proof of his divine mission.

But it was one of
the nearest misses of his career.

Dietrich and Himmler
also escaped the carnage,

but it was bad news for the latter.

The RSD was responsible for checking
every location before any Hitler event.

How on earth
had Himmler's men missed the bomb?

How could they have missed the man
who planted it there?

It was a serious error that had come
within 12 minutes of killing the Fuhrer.

Himmler's henchmen did catch
the bomber, George Elser,

a 36-year-old cabinet-maker
and communist from Wirttemberg.

But his confession,
extracted by the Gestapo,

made uncomfortable reading for Himmler.

Elser had been able to spend 30 nights
in the beer hall planting his time bomb.

It was a severe embarrassment
for Himmler and the RSD.

What was the point of spending millions
of Deutschmarks on security,

if an assassin could just walk in?

It confirmed Hitler's cynicism
about his own security measures.

"In the two really dangerous attempts
made to assassinate me,

I owed my life not to the police,
but to pure chance."

The attempt led to a major review
of Hitler's security measures.

A 60-page report recommended
that the SS central security office,

the RSD and the Gestapo
must work more closely together,

particularly on surveillance of
buildings associated with Hitler.

Himmler was now so distracted

that he left Gesche alone
for the early part of the war.

Victory after victory followed
for Germany.

By early 1942,
Hitler was master of Europe

with his conquering armies
advancing deep into the Soviet Union.

Gesche shared in the euphoria.

As the Fuhrer strutted
on the Berghof terrace,

Gesche witnessed the parade of
grandees who came to seek his patronage.

Hitler did not touch alcohol,
preferring a glass of apple juice,

but many of his senior commanders
and party officials

were tremendous drinkers.
This was fatal for Gesche.

When he drank,
he often got out of control.

In April 1942, he went too far.

A report was soon on Himmler's desk.

During a binge-drinking session,

Gesche had pulled out his pistol
and threatened another SS officer.

He was soon calmed down, but this time,
Hitler could not prevent his punishment.

Gesche was dismissed from command
of Hitler's personal escort,

and banned from drinking
for three years.

But far worse,
he was sent for basic army training.

At the age of 37, this man who had
enjoyed the luxury of Hitler's court

was to be sent to the Eastern Front

to face the full fury
of fighting the Russians.

It must have seemed
like a death sentence.

For Gesche,
it looked like the end of the line.

For Himmler, it seemed that at last,
he had got his revenge.

The unit to which Bruno Gesche was sent

after being sacked from command
of Hitler's escort group

was a Waffen SS Panzer division.

By mid-1942, the original
Leibstandarte SS guard regiment

had grown into an army
of more than 12 divisions.

Regarded as an elite force,

the Waffen SS was often used

in the most critical and dangerous
sections of the front.

Gesche was given eight weeks' training

and then sent to a unit
fighting in southern Russia.

It was a severe challenge

for a 37-year-old
with no combat experience at all.

He arrived just in time
for the major summer offensive,

Operation Blue.

By the end of July, the Germans
had burst through the Red Army

and were approaching their objective:
the oilfields of the Caucasus.

But the speed of the Panzers' advance
overstretched their supply lines.

They shuddered to a halt
just outside Stalingrad.

Gesche fought well during the offensive
and was evacuated after being wounded.

Much to Himmler's surprise,

he was ordered to return to Hitler's
headquarters in December 1942.

Years of easy living in the SS escort
had not made him too soft for battle

and Hitler was pleased
with his performance.

He re-appointed Gesche
commander of his close escort,

but this was largely symbolic.

Much of the administrative burden
was undertaken by the SS adjutants.

It was a lucky escape for Gesche.

In November the Soviets unleashed
a ferocious counterattack at Stalingrad

that trapped and then annihilated
thousands of German troops

in a desperate last stand.

Gesche could have been among them.

Shortly after this disaster,

an order was issued that no one
who had served in Hitler's headquarters

was to be allowed to fight
on the Eastern Front.

Their capture and interrogation
by the Soviets

could seriously compromise
the Fuhrer's security.

By now Hitler was spending most of his
time at his main military headquarters,

codenamed the Wolfschanze,
or Wolf's Lair,

near Rastenburg in East Prussia.

Today this is in Poland.

The remains of the massive
concrete buildings and bunkers

still can be seen deep in the forest.

The Begleitkommando and RSD
still provided the close protection

with a much-enlarged Fuhrer
protection battalion of the Wehrmacht

providing the mass of sentries, patrols,
and anti-aircraft units.

From the Wolfschanze, Gesche
and his team would accompany Hitler

on his occasional visits
to headquarters nearer the front

or to Berlin or Berchtesgaden.

Usually these trips were made by air,

despite the increasing danger
of interception by Allied aircraft.

Gesche kept his head down
and avoided any conflict with Himmler

for the whole of 1943 and most of 1944.

By then, the war had turned decisively
against Nazi Germany.

On the Eastern Front,
the debacle at Stalingrad

had been followed in July 1943
by a catastrophic defeat

near the city of Kursk.

From then on, the German armies
were on the retreat.

By the middle of 1944, the Red Army
was pushing across the border of Poland

and by the end of August
it was just a few miles short of Warsaw.

Even worse for the Germans,

the long-awaited second front
had begun in June

with US, British and Canadian
forces crossing the English Channel

and establishing a bridgehead
in northern France.

By the end of August they had broken out
and Paris had been liberated.

Gesche saw the Fuihrer
rapidly age before him.

No longer invigorated with success,
Hitler shuffled around his headquarters,

directing his frustration not
at the enemy, but his own generals.

It was they who had let down
Hitler's great schemes.

It was they
who were conspiring against him.

And he was right.
Many generals wanted an end to the war

while they could still negotiate a deal
with the Western Allies.

On 20th July 1944, Hitler was studying
battle maps at the Wolfschanze

when, in a carefully planned
assassination attempt,

a bomb exploded beneath the table.

Four officers were killed.

But Hitler survived.

"l am immortal," he crowed.

He owed his life to the flimsy
construction of the building

and its open windows,
which helped diffuse the blast.

Once again,
luck had come to Hitler's rescue.

Yet again, his security forces
had failed to intercept

the plotters and their bomb.

But the Fuhrer's good fortune could not
eradicate the mood of deep depression

that descended on him
and his associates.

Their time was running out.

In December 1944, Gesche
took to drink again, pulled a pistol

and fired several shots at a colleague.

This time, Himmler personally
wrote the letter of condemnation.

"You are known to me
as a notorious drunk from the year 1938,

as well as from reports
in recent years and months."

"Since I cannot tolerate drunks
in the Fuhrerkorps, I demote you."

"Only based on your long association
will I allow you to remain in the SS."

"I will give you the opportunity
to serve in the Dirlewanger Brigade

and by proving yourself
before the enemy,

it might be possible that you will be
able to wipe out the shame

you have brought onto yourself
and the entire SS."

"I expect you to abstain from alcohol
for the rest of your life

without any exceptions."

"Should your willpower
be already damaged by alcohol

to the extent that
you cannot keep this pledge

then I expect you
to hand in your resignation."

It was a harsh punishment.

The Dirlewanger Brigade
was a penal unit full of criminals

expected to die fighting
in the front line.

It was Himmler's final blow
against the bodyguard

that had most avoided his control.

With just weeks left of his evil regime,

this may have given him
some grim satisfaction.

Gesche didn't receive the letter
until January 1945.

By then the Third Reich
had only four months left.

He probably toasted its arrival
with a stiff drink.

He could not be sent
to the Dirlewanger Brigade

because it was fighting
on the Eastern Front.

The risk that he might
fall into Soviet hands was too great.

Instead, Gesche fought as part
of the 16th SS Division

in its long and bitter retreat
through Italy, Slovenia and Hungary.

No longer part of Hitler's SS escort,

he did not share the final days
with his Fuhrer

in the bunker deep beneath
a devastated Berlin.

He did not have to make a decision
about whether to end his own life

or face capture by the Soviets,

and almost certain execution
as a member of the SS.

Ironically, Himmler
had done him a favour,

removing him from
almost certain death in Berlin.

Instead it was the Reichsfiihrer-SS

who chose suicide
when he was captured by the British.

Despite being Hitler's
number-one bodyguard,

possibly the most dangerous
job in the world,

protecting a man
who had so many enemies

and faced
so many assassination attempts,

Gesche survived it all.

He survived over a decade
of vendetta against Himmler,

the most lethal man in the Third Reich,
and he had survived the war.

It was a remarkable achievement.

That Hitler entrusted his most personal
security arrangements

to such an unstable character was odd,

but typical of his affection
for those comrades

who first served him back in the 1920s.

It also revealed how Hitler
trusted to chaos,

or good luck, as early attempts
on his life would soon show.

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