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VALERY LEGASOV:
What is the cost of lies?
2
00:00:04,075 --> 00:00:05,200
Who is to blame?
3
00:00:09,784 --> 00:00:10,867
It doesn't matter.
4
00:00:11,450 --> 00:00:12,909
WOMAN: It doesn't look right.
5
00:00:15,825 --> 00:00:16,950
MAN: We taste metal.
6
00:00:17,575 --> 00:00:19,742
ENGINEER: I think
there's graphite on the ground.
7
00:00:20,367 --> 00:00:21,408
You didn't see graphite.
8
00:00:22,033 --> 00:00:25,617
(YELLING) You didn't
because it's not there!
9
00:00:27,742 --> 00:00:31,617
We seal off the city. Contain
the spread of misinformation.
10
00:00:31,700 --> 00:00:32,909
(APPLAUSE)
11
00:00:33,116 --> 00:00:34,408
(PHONE RINGS)
12
00:00:35,617 --> 00:00:36,742
(MUFFLED GROANING)
13
00:00:38,158 --> 00:00:39,825
(RINGING CONTINUES)
14
00:00:43,325 --> 00:00:45,700
BORIS SHCHERBINA: (ON PHONE)
Secretary Gorbachev
has appointed a committee
15
00:00:45,784 --> 00:00:47,991
to manage the accident.
You're on it.
16
00:01:03,659 --> 00:01:05,617
(wind blowing softly)
17
00:01:05,700 --> 00:01:08,617
(dosimeter clicking faintly)
18
00:01:24,659 --> 00:01:26,825
♪ ♪
19
00:01:33,241 --> 00:01:36,283
(man reading poem
in Ukrainian, over radio)
20
00:01:56,325 --> 00:01:58,533
(man continues reading
poem over radio)
21
00:02:16,659 --> 00:02:19,241
(door opens, closes)
22
00:02:22,116 --> 00:02:24,241
(footsteps approaching)
23
00:02:29,867 --> 00:02:31,533
(turns off radio)
24
00:02:33,367 --> 00:02:35,408
You work too hard.
25
00:02:36,700 --> 00:02:41,325
-Where is everyone?
-Oh, they refused to come in.
26
00:02:41,408 --> 00:02:43,909
-Why?
-It's Saturday.
27
00:02:47,033 --> 00:02:49,367
-Why did you come in?
-I work too hard.
28
00:02:49,450 --> 00:02:51,241
It's boiling in here.
29
00:02:55,950 --> 00:02:58,867
(dosimeter alarm buzzing)
30
00:03:03,533 --> 00:03:04,909
(buzzing stops)
31
00:03:06,075 --> 00:03:08,617
Eight milliroentgen. A leak?
32
00:03:08,700 --> 00:03:09,950
No.
33
00:03:10,867 --> 00:03:13,367
It would've gone off before.
It's coming from outside.
34
00:03:13,450 --> 00:03:15,075
The Americans?
35
00:03:16,700 --> 00:03:19,033
(wind blowing)
36
00:03:36,784 --> 00:03:39,116
(machines humming)
37
00:03:43,825 --> 00:03:45,950
(whirring)
38
00:03:46,617 --> 00:03:50,283
(printer clacking)
39
00:03:55,825 --> 00:03:58,325
Iodine 131.
40
00:03:58,408 --> 00:04:02,241
It's not military.
It's uranium decay, U-235.
41
00:04:02,325 --> 00:04:03,825
Reactor fuel?
42
00:04:06,367 --> 00:04:09,991
Ignalina. Maybe, uh,
240 kilometers away.
43
00:04:10,075 --> 00:04:12,659
(rotary phone dialing)
44
00:04:17,492 --> 00:04:18,700
(line rings)
45
00:04:18,784 --> 00:04:20,575
Yes, this is Ulana Khomyuk
46
00:04:20,659 --> 00:04:23,158
with the Institute
of Nuclear En--
47
00:04:23,241 --> 00:04:24,909
Looking for--?
48
00:04:24,991 --> 00:04:27,950
(man speaking indistinctly
over phone)
49
00:04:29,492 --> 00:04:32,116
-All right, stay calm.
-Man (over phone):
Don't tell me to stay calm.
50
00:04:32,200 --> 00:04:34,158
(man continuing indistinctly)
51
00:04:35,991 --> 00:04:38,784
They're at four. It's not them.
52
00:04:38,867 --> 00:04:41,575
-Who's the next closest?
-It's Chernobyl,
but that's not possible.
53
00:04:41,659 --> 00:04:43,241
They're 400 kilometers away.
54
00:04:43,325 --> 00:04:45,450
That's too far
for eight milliroentgen.
55
00:04:45,533 --> 00:04:47,158
They'd have to be split open.
56
00:04:47,241 --> 00:04:49,367
Maybe they know something.
57
00:04:49,450 --> 00:04:51,575
(rotary phone dialing)
58
00:04:54,450 --> 00:04:56,325
(line ringing)
59
00:04:57,033 --> 00:04:59,659
-Iodine.
-Could it be
a waste dump?
60
00:04:59,742 --> 00:05:01,116
Khomyuk:
No.
61
00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:03,575
We'd be seeing
other isotopes.
62
00:05:03,659 --> 00:05:06,742
Nuclear test?
Uh, new kind of bomb?
63
00:05:06,825 --> 00:05:10,158
We'd have heard. That's what
half our people work on here.
64
00:05:11,617 --> 00:05:16,367
Something with
the space program
like a satellite or...?
65
00:05:16,450 --> 00:05:18,158
(line ringing)
66
00:05:18,241 --> 00:05:20,367
No one's answering the phone.
67
00:05:22,116 --> 00:05:25,241
(line ringing)
68
00:05:28,575 --> 00:05:31,200
♪ ♪
69
00:05:31,283 --> 00:05:32,450
(ringing continues)
70
00:05:32,533 --> 00:05:34,617
(sirens wailing)
71
00:05:40,492 --> 00:05:43,200
-Zinchenko: Get everyone
started on an IV.
-We don't have enough.
72
00:05:43,283 --> 00:05:45,283
-All the children then.
-But we don't have enough!
73
00:05:45,367 --> 00:05:46,784
As many as you can.
74
00:05:46,867 --> 00:05:50,575
-Zinchenko: Where's the old man?
-He's set up a burn ward in 16.
75
00:05:51,158 --> 00:05:54,533
(noisy chattering)
76
00:06:04,241 --> 00:06:05,825
What are you doing?
What is that?
77
00:06:05,909 --> 00:06:08,033
Milk. It's milk.
Much better than water.
78
00:06:08,116 --> 00:06:09,617
No, no, no.
Stop. Stop!
79
00:06:09,700 --> 00:06:12,200
-What are you doing?
-These are radiation burns!
80
00:06:12,283 --> 00:06:14,492
Their clothes are contaminated!
81
00:06:14,575 --> 00:06:16,075
Help me!
82
00:06:17,200 --> 00:06:18,659
Get it all off.
83
00:06:18,742 --> 00:06:19,825
(moaning)
84
00:06:19,909 --> 00:06:21,950
We're taking it
down to the basement.
85
00:06:24,867 --> 00:06:26,492
He was a firefighter
from Chernobyl.
86
00:06:26,575 --> 00:06:28,116
Can you stop pushing,
please?
87
00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:30,033
(muffled shouting)
88
00:06:30,116 --> 00:06:33,575
-(crowd shouting)
-Soldier: We have our orders!
89
00:06:33,659 --> 00:06:36,200
-Disperse!
-Hey, there! Get him!
90
00:06:36,283 --> 00:06:38,200
(Lyudmilla shouts indistinctly)
91
00:06:38,283 --> 00:06:40,700
Woman: Why you
keeping us out here?
92
00:06:40,784 --> 00:06:42,909
(clamoring)
93
00:06:44,367 --> 00:06:46,283
(clamoring)
94
00:06:49,450 --> 00:06:51,492
♪ ♪
95
00:07:34,700 --> 00:07:36,617
(door opens, closes)
96
00:07:36,700 --> 00:07:38,450
Professor Legasov?
97
00:07:38,533 --> 00:07:40,158
Oh, no, not yet.
98
00:07:40,241 --> 00:07:42,575
They're finishing up
some other business.
It'll be a few more minutes.
99
00:07:42,659 --> 00:07:45,408
-Can I get you some tea?
-No, I'm fine. Thank you.
100
00:07:45,492 --> 00:07:48,283
Would you care to read
Deputy Chairman Shcherbina's
report while you wait?
101
00:07:48,367 --> 00:07:50,158
Certainly. Thank you.
102
00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:57,200
(door opens, closes)
103
00:08:17,825 --> 00:08:19,909
(paper rustles)
104
00:08:23,408 --> 00:08:26,450
♪ ♪
105
00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:31,241
(pages rustling)
106
00:08:42,533 --> 00:08:44,575
♪ ♪
107
00:08:47,408 --> 00:08:49,075
(door opens)
108
00:08:49,659 --> 00:08:51,742
Kremlin Aide:
All right, Professor.
They're ready.
109
00:08:52,991 --> 00:08:54,784
Professor Legasov?
110
00:09:03,325 --> 00:09:05,450
♪ ♪
111
00:09:19,909 --> 00:09:22,116
Gorbachev:
You have my support.
112
00:09:28,450 --> 00:09:30,367
Gorbachev:
Thank you all for your
duty to this commission.
113
00:09:30,450 --> 00:09:33,533
We will begin with Deputy
Chairman Shcherbina's briefing,
114
00:09:33,617 --> 00:09:37,241
and then we will discuss
next steps if necessary.
115
00:09:37,325 --> 00:09:39,200
Thank you,
comrade General Secretary.
116
00:09:39,283 --> 00:09:43,408
I'm pleased to report
that the situation
in Chernobyl is stable.
117
00:09:43,492 --> 00:09:46,867
Military and civilian patrols
have secured the region,
118
00:09:46,950 --> 00:09:49,116
and Colonel General Pikalov,
119
00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:52,033
who commands troops specializing
in chemical hazards,
120
00:09:52,116 --> 00:09:54,158
has been dispatched
to the plant.
121
00:09:54,241 --> 00:09:56,784
In terms of radiation,
plant director Bryukhanov
122
00:09:56,867 --> 00:10:00,200
reports no more
than 3.6 roentgen.
123
00:10:00,283 --> 00:10:02,575
I'm told it's the equivalent
of a chest X-ray.
124
00:10:02,659 --> 00:10:05,742
So if you're overdue
for a check-up...
125
00:10:05,825 --> 00:10:08,533
-And foreign press?
-Totally unaware.
126
00:10:08,617 --> 00:10:11,241
KGB First Deputy Chairman
Charkov assures me
127
00:10:11,325 --> 00:10:14,408
that we have successfully
protected our security
interests.
128
00:10:14,492 --> 00:10:16,867
Gorbachev:
Good. Very good.
129
00:10:16,950 --> 00:10:19,533
Well, it seems like
it's well in hand, so...
130
00:10:20,700 --> 00:10:23,575
if there's nothing else,
meeting adjourned.
131
00:10:24,533 --> 00:10:26,367
-No!
-(pounds table)
132
00:10:28,033 --> 00:10:30,158
Pardon me?
133
00:10:30,241 --> 00:10:32,575
Uh, we can't adjourn.
134
00:10:32,659 --> 00:10:35,033
This is Professor Legasov
of the Kurchatov Institute.
135
00:10:35,116 --> 00:10:36,991
Professor, if you have
any concerns,
136
00:10:37,075 --> 00:10:39,075
feel free to address
them with me later.
137
00:10:39,158 --> 00:10:42,991
I can't. I am sorry.
I'm so sorry.
138
00:10:43,075 --> 00:10:46,116
Page three,
the section on casualties.
139
00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:47,325
Uh...
140
00:10:47,408 --> 00:10:50,241
"A fireman was severely
burned on his hand
141
00:10:50,325 --> 00:10:52,700
"by a chunk of smooth,
black mineral
142
00:10:52,784 --> 00:10:55,116
on the ground, outside
the reactor building."
143
00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:57,283
Smooth, black mineral--
graphite.
144
00:10:57,367 --> 00:11:00,075
There's-There's graphite
on the ground.
145
00:11:02,241 --> 00:11:05,325
Well, there was a...
a tank explosion.
There's debris.
146
00:11:05,408 --> 00:11:08,283
-Of what importance--?
-There's only one place
in the entire facility
147
00:11:08,367 --> 00:11:11,575
where you will find graphite:
inside the core.
148
00:11:11,659 --> 00:11:13,325
If there's graphite
on the ground outside,
149
00:11:13,408 --> 00:11:15,617
it means it wasn't
a control system tank
that exploded.
150
00:11:15,700 --> 00:11:18,200
It was the reactor core.
It's open! (inhales)
151
00:11:21,408 --> 00:11:23,991
Um, Comrade Shcherbina?
152
00:11:24,075 --> 00:11:26,241
Comrade General Secretary,
I can assure you
153
00:11:26,325 --> 00:11:28,033
that Professor Legasov
is mistaken.
154
00:11:28,116 --> 00:11:30,492
Bryukhanov reports that
the reactor core is intact.
155
00:11:30,575 --> 00:11:32,991
-And as for the radiation--
-Yes, 3.6 roentgen,
156
00:11:33,075 --> 00:11:35,742
which, by the way,
is not the equivalent
of one chest X-ray,
157
00:11:35,825 --> 00:11:38,075
but rather 400 chest X-rays.
158
00:11:38,158 --> 00:11:40,408
That number's been bothering me
for a different reason, though.
159
00:11:40,492 --> 00:11:44,450
It's also the maximum reading
on low-limit dosimeters.
160
00:11:44,533 --> 00:11:47,283
They gave us
the number they had.
161
00:11:47,367 --> 00:11:50,116
I think the true number
is much, much higher.
162
00:11:50,200 --> 00:11:52,909
If I'm right, this fireman
was holding the equivalent
163
00:11:52,991 --> 00:11:55,033
of four million
chest X-rays in his hand.
164
00:11:55,116 --> 00:11:57,492
Professor Legasov,
there's no place
for alarmist hysteria--
165
00:11:57,575 --> 00:11:59,533
It's not alarmist
if it's a fact!
166
00:11:59,617 --> 00:12:02,909
Well, I don't hear
any facts at all.
167
00:12:02,991 --> 00:12:05,533
All I hear is
a man I don't know
168
00:12:05,617 --> 00:12:08,700
engaging in conjecture
in direct contradiction
169
00:12:08,784 --> 00:12:10,909
to what has been reported
by party officials.
170
00:12:10,991 --> 00:12:14,367
I'm, uh...
I apologize.
171
00:12:14,450 --> 00:12:16,867
I didn't mean, uh...
172
00:12:16,950 --> 00:12:20,575
(clears throat)
Please, may I express my concern
173
00:12:20,659 --> 00:12:23,659
as calmly and as
respectfully as I--
174
00:12:23,742 --> 00:12:26,825
-Professor Legasov--
-Gorbachev: Boris.
175
00:12:27,867 --> 00:12:29,700
I will allow it.
176
00:12:38,742 --> 00:12:40,659
Legasov:
Um...
177
00:12:42,158 --> 00:12:44,950
An RBMK reactor
178
00:12:45,033 --> 00:12:49,241
uses uranium 235 as fuel.
179
00:12:49,325 --> 00:12:54,116
Every atom of U-235
is like a bullet
180
00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:56,325
traveling at nearly
the speed of light,
181
00:12:56,408 --> 00:12:58,909
penetrating everything
in its path:
182
00:12:58,991 --> 00:13:02,116
woods, metal, concrete, flesh.
183
00:13:02,200 --> 00:13:05,283
Every gram of U-235 holds
184
00:13:05,367 --> 00:13:08,241
over a billion trillion
of these bullets.
185
00:13:08,325 --> 00:13:09,784
That's in one gram.
186
00:13:09,867 --> 00:13:13,158
Now, Chernobyl holds
over three million grams,
187
00:13:13,241 --> 00:13:15,867
and right now, it is on fire.
188
00:13:15,950 --> 00:13:20,283
Winds will carry
radioactive particles
across the entire continent,
189
00:13:20,367 --> 00:13:22,283
rain will bring them down on us.
190
00:13:22,367 --> 00:13:25,450
That's three million
billion trillion bullets
191
00:13:25,533 --> 00:13:29,492
in the... in the air we breathe,
192
00:13:29,575 --> 00:13:32,825
the water we drink,
the food we eat.
193
00:13:34,492 --> 00:13:38,825
Most of these bullets
will not stop firing
for 100 years.
194
00:13:38,909 --> 00:13:42,200
Some of them,
not for 50,000 years.
195
00:13:42,283 --> 00:13:45,991
Yes, and, uh, this concern
196
00:13:46,075 --> 00:13:50,241
stems entirely from
the description of a rock?
197
00:13:54,533 --> 00:13:55,909
Yes.
198
00:13:58,241 --> 00:13:59,533
Hmm.
199
00:14:02,617 --> 00:14:04,408
Comrade Shcherbina...
200
00:14:05,450 --> 00:14:07,784
I want you to go to Chernobyl.
201
00:14:07,867 --> 00:14:09,991
You take a look
at the reactor,
you personally,
202
00:14:10,075 --> 00:14:11,909
and you report
directly back to me.
203
00:14:11,991 --> 00:14:14,200
A wise decision,
comrade General Secretary--
204
00:14:14,283 --> 00:14:16,867
Gorbachev:
And take Professor
Legasov with you.
205
00:14:17,742 --> 00:14:19,075
Shcherbina:
Uh... (chuckles)
206
00:14:19,158 --> 00:14:22,283
Forgive me, comrade
General Secretary, but I--
207
00:14:22,367 --> 00:14:24,742
Do you know how
a nuclear reactor works?
208
00:14:26,784 --> 00:14:28,158
-No.
-Gorbachev: No.
209
00:14:28,241 --> 00:14:31,367
Well, then how will you know
what you're looking at?
210
00:14:31,450 --> 00:14:33,492
Meeting adjourned.
211
00:14:47,283 --> 00:14:51,867
♪ ♪
212
00:14:51,950 --> 00:14:54,116
(helicopter blades whupping)
213
00:15:25,867 --> 00:15:27,991
♪ ♪
214
00:15:32,533 --> 00:15:34,116
How does a nuclear reactor work?
215
00:15:34,200 --> 00:15:37,158
-What?
-Shcherbina:
It's a simple question.
216
00:15:38,492 --> 00:15:40,325
It's hardly
a simple answer.
217
00:15:40,408 --> 00:15:44,325
Of course, you presume
I'm too stupid to understand.
218
00:15:44,408 --> 00:15:47,700
So I'll restate: Tell me
how a nuclear reactor works,
219
00:15:47,784 --> 00:15:50,659
or I'll have one of these
soldiers throw you out
of the helicopter.
220
00:16:00,784 --> 00:16:04,617
A nuclear reactor makes
electricity with steam.
221
00:16:04,700 --> 00:16:08,241
The steam turns a turbine
which generates electricity.
222
00:16:08,325 --> 00:16:10,283
Where a typical power plant
223
00:16:10,367 --> 00:16:12,241
makes steam by burning coal,
224
00:16:12,325 --> 00:16:14,659
a nuclear plant...
225
00:16:19,825 --> 00:16:24,408
In a nuclear plant, we use
something called fission.
226
00:16:24,492 --> 00:16:30,450
We take an unstable element
like uranium 235,
227
00:16:30,533 --> 00:16:32,492
which has too many neutrons.
228
00:16:32,575 --> 00:16:35,408
-A neutron is, uh--
-The bullet.
229
00:16:37,408 --> 00:16:39,200
Yes, the bullet.
230
00:16:40,033 --> 00:16:42,867
So, bullets are flying
off of the uranium.
231
00:16:42,950 --> 00:16:44,283
Now...
232
00:16:44,367 --> 00:16:49,200
if we put enough
uranium atoms close together,
233
00:16:49,283 --> 00:16:53,659
the bullets from one atom will
eventually strike another atom.
234
00:16:53,742 --> 00:16:56,825
The force of this impact
splits that atom apart,
235
00:16:56,909 --> 00:17:00,200
releasing a tremendous
amount of energy, fission.
236
00:17:00,283 --> 00:17:03,033
-And the graphite?
-Ah, yes.
237
00:17:03,116 --> 00:17:06,991
The neutrons are
actually traveling so fast--
we call this "flux"--
238
00:17:07,075 --> 00:17:11,867
it's relatively unlikely
that the uranium atoms
will ever hit one another.
239
00:17:11,950 --> 00:17:16,909
In RBMK reactors, we surround
the fuel rods with graphite
240
00:17:16,991 --> 00:17:21,991
to moderate, slow down,
the neutron flux.
241
00:17:25,450 --> 00:17:27,158
Good.
242
00:17:27,241 --> 00:17:30,283
I know how
a nuclear reactor works.
243
00:17:31,825 --> 00:17:34,283
Now I don't need you.
244
00:17:36,909 --> 00:17:39,075
(helicopter blades womping)
245
00:17:43,408 --> 00:17:46,283
(noisy chattering)
246
00:17:50,784 --> 00:17:52,575
(voices clamoring)
247
00:17:52,659 --> 00:17:56,241
-Can you help me?
I need to find my husband.
-No. Not now.
248
00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:01,700
-Mikhail!
-Lyudmilla.
249
00:18:01,784 --> 00:18:03,367
-(infant screaming)
-Take her.
250
00:18:03,450 --> 00:18:05,283
Take her away
from here, please.
251
00:18:05,367 --> 00:18:07,991
-Get away from them!
You want to get sick? Go!
-Mikhail: Oh my God.
252
00:18:08,075 --> 00:18:09,408
Please take her,
please take her.
253
00:18:09,492 --> 00:18:11,241
-(infant screaming)
-Please take her, please.
254
00:18:11,325 --> 00:18:13,700
Please! Please!
255
00:18:13,784 --> 00:18:15,492
Please take her!
256
00:18:20,825 --> 00:18:23,533
Excuse me, I am
Vasily Ignatenko's wife.
257
00:18:23,617 --> 00:18:26,909
He's a fireman.
Ignatenko.
258
00:18:26,991 --> 00:18:30,492
Ignatenko, Sixth Paramilitary
Fire and Rescue Unit.
259
00:18:30,575 --> 00:18:33,492
I need to find him. Please.
260
00:18:36,617 --> 00:18:38,200
Major Burov:
Ignatenko...
261
00:18:38,283 --> 00:18:40,784
He's being transported
by helicopter to Moscow.
262
00:18:40,867 --> 00:18:42,659
Hospital number six.
263
00:18:42,742 --> 00:18:44,867
Why, is he all right?
Can I see him?
264
00:18:44,950 --> 00:18:46,450
You want to see him?
Go to Moscow.
265
00:18:46,533 --> 00:18:48,825
But they're not
letting us leave here.
266
00:18:51,367 --> 00:18:53,659
Tell them Major Burov
allows it.
267
00:18:55,200 --> 00:18:58,200
-Oh. When are
they taking him?
-Now.
268
00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:03,659
(helicopter blades whupping)
269
00:19:23,784 --> 00:19:25,909
♪ ♪
270
00:19:28,991 --> 00:19:31,033
Pilot:
We're approaching
the power plant.
271
00:19:36,909 --> 00:19:38,867
Legasov (mutters):
What have they done?
272
00:19:39,950 --> 00:19:41,991
Can you see inside?
273
00:19:42,075 --> 00:19:44,909
I don't have to. Look.
274
00:19:44,991 --> 00:19:46,909
That's graphite
on the roof.
275
00:19:46,991 --> 00:19:49,325
The whole building's
been blown open.
276
00:19:49,408 --> 00:19:50,659
The core's exposed!
277
00:19:50,742 --> 00:19:52,659
I can't see how you can
tell that from here.
278
00:19:52,742 --> 00:19:54,158
Oh, for God's sakes.
279
00:19:54,241 --> 00:19:55,659
Look at that glow!
280
00:19:55,742 --> 00:19:58,408
That's radiation
ionizing the air!
281
00:19:58,492 --> 00:20:00,116
Well, if we can't see,
we don't know.
282
00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:01,825
Get us directly
over the building!
283
00:20:01,950 --> 00:20:03,533
-Boris, if we fly...
-Don't you use my name!
284
00:20:03,617 --> 00:20:05,909
...directly over
an open reactor,
we'll be dead within a week!
285
00:20:05,991 --> 00:20:07,450
Dead!
286
00:20:08,408 --> 00:20:09,617
Pilot:
Sir?
287
00:20:09,700 --> 00:20:12,784
Get us over that building,
or I'll have you shot!
288
00:20:13,450 --> 00:20:15,617
(indistinct radio transmission)
289
00:20:16,450 --> 00:20:18,492
If you fly directly over
that core, I promise you,
290
00:20:18,575 --> 00:20:21,325
by tomorrow morning,
you'll be begging
for that bullet.
291
00:20:28,325 --> 00:20:29,909
(grunts)
292
00:21:05,283 --> 00:21:08,784
(muffled chatter, laughter)
293
00:21:09,325 --> 00:21:11,533
Perhaps if you came
back another day.
294
00:21:16,533 --> 00:21:18,909
Just wonderful.
295
00:21:18,991 --> 00:21:21,408
Khomyuk:
Deputy Secretary Garanin.
296
00:21:21,492 --> 00:21:25,659
Ulana Khomyuk
of the Byelorussian
Institute for Nuclear Energy.
297
00:21:25,742 --> 00:21:27,075
What a pleasure.
298
00:21:27,158 --> 00:21:30,033
-Let me introduce--
-I'm here about Chernobyl.
299
00:21:32,033 --> 00:21:33,450
Such a lovely time.
300
00:21:33,533 --> 00:21:36,867
-Visit again soon.
-Chulkov: I will. Thank you.
301
00:21:49,033 --> 00:21:51,991
Garanin:
I must tell you, this is
why no one likes scientists.
302
00:21:52,075 --> 00:21:54,825
When we have a disease
to cure, where are they?
303
00:21:54,909 --> 00:21:58,617
In a lab, noses in their books,
and so Grandma dies.
304
00:21:58,700 --> 00:21:59,991
But when there isn't
a problem,
305
00:22:00,075 --> 00:22:01,533
they're everywhere,
spreading fear.
306
00:22:01,617 --> 00:22:03,991
-I know about Chernobyl.
-Oh?
307
00:22:04,075 --> 00:22:06,950
I know that the core is either
partially or completely exposed.
308
00:22:07,033 --> 00:22:09,450
-Whatever that means.
-And that if you
don't immediately
309
00:22:09,533 --> 00:22:12,283
issue iodine tablets
and then evacuate this city,
310
00:22:12,367 --> 00:22:14,991
hundreds of thousands of people
are going to get cancer,
311
00:22:15,075 --> 00:22:17,408
and God knows
how many more will die.
312
00:22:17,492 --> 00:22:19,200
Yes, very good.
313
00:22:19,283 --> 00:22:21,325
There has been
an accident at Chernobyl,
314
00:22:21,408 --> 00:22:23,533
but I've been assured
there is no problem.
315
00:22:23,617 --> 00:22:25,533
I'm telling you
that there is.
316
00:22:25,617 --> 00:22:27,575
I prefer my opinion to yours.
317
00:22:27,659 --> 00:22:30,950
I'm a nuclear physicist.
318
00:22:31,033 --> 00:22:32,617
Before you were
Deputy Secretary,
319
00:22:32,700 --> 00:22:34,367
you worked
in a shoe factory.
320
00:22:35,492 --> 00:22:39,075
Yes, I worked
in a shoe factory.
321
00:22:40,116 --> 00:22:42,241
And now I'm in charge.
322
00:22:44,408 --> 00:22:47,241
"To the workers of the world."
323
00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:11,492
Stable iodine will keep
your thyroid
324
00:23:11,575 --> 00:23:13,950
from absorbing
radioactive iodine.
325
00:23:15,116 --> 00:23:17,909
Take one a day
for as long as they last.
326
00:23:17,991 --> 00:23:19,700
And go east.
327
00:23:19,784 --> 00:23:22,241
Get as far from Minsk
as you can.
328
00:23:55,825 --> 00:23:57,492
Fomin:
It's overkill.
329
00:23:57,575 --> 00:23:59,492
Pikalov's showing off
to make us look bad.
330
00:23:59,575 --> 00:24:02,617
Bryukhanov:
It doesn't matter
how it looks.
331
00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:04,991
Shcherbina is
a pure bureaucrat,
332
00:24:05,075 --> 00:24:07,075
as stupid as
he is pigheaded.
333
00:24:07,158 --> 00:24:09,492
We'll tell him the truth in
the simplest terms possible.
334
00:24:09,575 --> 00:24:11,283
We'll be fine.
335
00:24:14,825 --> 00:24:16,367
Pikarov!
336
00:24:41,700 --> 00:24:44,575
Comrade Shcherbina,
Chief Engineer Fomin,
337
00:24:44,659 --> 00:24:46,617
Colonel General Pikalov, and I
338
00:24:46,700 --> 00:24:47,950
are honored
at your arrival.
339
00:24:48,033 --> 00:24:49,283
Deeply, deeply honored.
340
00:24:49,367 --> 00:24:52,325
Naturally, we regret
the circumstances of your visit,
341
00:24:52,408 --> 00:24:54,575
but, as you can see, we are
making excellent progress
342
00:24:54,659 --> 00:24:56,200
in containing the damage.
343
00:24:56,283 --> 00:25:01,450
We have begun our own inquiry
into the cause of the accident,
344
00:25:01,533 --> 00:25:04,533
and I have a list of individuals
345
00:25:04,617 --> 00:25:07,408
who we believe are accountable.
346
00:25:29,450 --> 00:25:30,950
Bryukhanov:
Professor Legasov,
I understand
347
00:25:31,033 --> 00:25:33,367
you've been saying
dangerous things.
348
00:25:33,450 --> 00:25:35,241
Fomin:
Very dangerous things.
349
00:25:35,325 --> 00:25:37,659
Apparently,
our reactor core exploded.
350
00:25:38,325 --> 00:25:42,575
Please, tell me how an RBMK
reactor core explodes.
351
00:25:44,450 --> 00:25:46,784
I'm not prepared to explain it
at this time.
352
00:25:46,867 --> 00:25:49,742
As I presumed,
he has no answer.
353
00:25:49,825 --> 00:25:52,325
It's disgraceful, really.
354
00:25:52,408 --> 00:25:55,909
To spread disinformation
at a time like this.
355
00:26:01,950 --> 00:26:04,659
Why did I see graphite
on the roof?
356
00:26:04,742 --> 00:26:06,867
Graphite is only
found in the core,
357
00:26:06,950 --> 00:26:10,408
where it's used as
a neutron flux moderator.
358
00:26:10,492 --> 00:26:11,909
Correct?
359
00:26:12,867 --> 00:26:16,325
Fomin, why did
the Deputy Chairman
see graphite on the roof?
360
00:26:17,575 --> 00:26:19,367
Well, that... that can't be.
361
00:26:20,241 --> 00:26:22,909
Comrade Shcherbina,
my apologies, but graphite...
362
00:26:22,991 --> 00:26:24,200
that's not possible.
363
00:26:24,283 --> 00:26:26,533
Perhaps you saw
burnt concrete.
364
00:26:26,617 --> 00:26:28,408
Now there you made a mistake,
365
00:26:28,492 --> 00:26:31,116
because I may not know much
about nuclear reactors,
366
00:26:31,200 --> 00:26:32,825
but I know a lot
about concrete.
367
00:26:33,659 --> 00:26:36,158
-Comrade, I assure you--
-I understand.
368
00:26:36,991 --> 00:26:39,617
You think Legasov is wrong.
369
00:26:39,700 --> 00:26:41,659
How shall we prove it?
370
00:26:42,950 --> 00:26:46,200
Our high-range dosimeter
just arrived.
371
00:26:46,283 --> 00:26:49,241
We could cover one of our
trucks with lead shielding,
372
00:26:49,325 --> 00:26:51,659
mount the dosimeter
on the front.
373
00:26:57,450 --> 00:27:00,659
Have one of your men
get as close to the fire
as he can.
374
00:27:00,742 --> 00:27:02,408
Give him every bit
of protection you have.
375
00:27:02,492 --> 00:27:04,784
But understand that
even with lead shielding,
376
00:27:04,867 --> 00:27:06,867
it may not be enough.
377
00:27:08,700 --> 00:27:10,575
Then I'll do it myself.
378
00:27:15,241 --> 00:27:17,200
Good.
379
00:27:21,742 --> 00:27:24,408
♪ ♪
380
00:27:54,116 --> 00:27:56,200
(tires screech)
381
00:27:59,116 --> 00:28:01,408
(engine revving)
382
00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:22,825
(chains shattering)
383
00:28:41,909 --> 00:28:43,950
♪ ♪
384
00:28:49,408 --> 00:28:51,450
♪ ♪
385
00:29:14,991 --> 00:29:16,825
He's back.
386
00:29:45,742 --> 00:29:47,950
It's not three roentgen.
387
00:29:48,033 --> 00:29:49,784
It's 15,000.
388
00:29:49,867 --> 00:29:52,533
Bryukhanov:
Comrade Shcherbina--
389
00:29:52,617 --> 00:29:54,075
What does that number mean?
390
00:29:54,158 --> 00:29:56,325
It means the core is open.
391
00:29:56,408 --> 00:29:58,867
It means the fire we're
watching with our own eyes
392
00:29:58,950 --> 00:30:00,450
is giving off nearly
twice the radiation
393
00:30:00,533 --> 00:30:02,367
released by the bomb
in Hiroshima.
394
00:30:02,450 --> 00:30:04,241
And that's every
single hour.
395
00:30:04,325 --> 00:30:07,408
Hour after hour, 20 hours
since the explosion,
396
00:30:07,492 --> 00:30:08,950
so 40 bombs worth by now.
397
00:30:09,033 --> 00:30:10,367
Forty-eight more tomorrow.
398
00:30:10,450 --> 00:30:13,283
And it will not stop.
Not in a week, not in a month.
399
00:30:13,367 --> 00:30:14,867
It will burn
and spread its poison
400
00:30:14,950 --> 00:30:17,659
until the entire
continent is dead.
401
00:30:20,784 --> 00:30:23,033
Please escort Comrades
Bryukhanov and Fomin
402
00:30:23,116 --> 00:30:25,450
to the local
party headquarters.
403
00:30:25,533 --> 00:30:27,075
-Thank you
for your service.
-Comrade--
404
00:30:27,158 --> 00:30:28,533
You're excused.
405
00:30:29,575 --> 00:30:31,367
Dyatlov was in charge.
406
00:30:32,241 --> 00:30:34,116
It was Dyatlov!
407
00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:36,825
-Tell me how to put it out.
-We'll use helicopters.
408
00:30:36,909 --> 00:30:39,659
-We'll drop water on it
like a forest fire.
-No, no. You don't understand.
409
00:30:39,742 --> 00:30:42,033
This isn't a fire.
410
00:30:42,116 --> 00:30:43,950
This is a fissioning
reactor core
411
00:30:44,033 --> 00:30:46,325
burning at over
2,000 degrees.
412
00:30:46,408 --> 00:30:47,991
The heat will instantly
vaporize the water--
413
00:30:48,075 --> 00:30:51,241
-How do we put it out?
-(sighs)
414
00:30:52,450 --> 00:30:54,408
You are dealing
with something
415
00:30:54,492 --> 00:30:58,950
that has never occurred
on this planet before.
416
00:31:00,909 --> 00:31:02,450
Boron.
417
00:31:03,825 --> 00:31:05,825
Boron and sand.
418
00:31:05,909 --> 00:31:08,533
Well, that'll create
problems of its own,
419
00:31:08,617 --> 00:31:10,700
but I-I don't see
any other way.
420
00:31:10,784 --> 00:31:12,867
Of course, it's going to take
thousands of drops,
421
00:31:12,950 --> 00:31:15,533
because you can't fly
the helicopters directly
over the core,
422
00:31:15,617 --> 00:31:16,991
so most of it
is going to miss.
423
00:31:17,075 --> 00:31:19,200
-How much sand and boron?
-(scoffs) Well, I can't be--
424
00:31:19,283 --> 00:31:23,200
-For God's sake, roughly!
-Five thousand tons.
425
00:31:23,283 --> 00:31:26,158
And obviously,
we're going to need
to evacuate an enormous area--
426
00:31:26,241 --> 00:31:28,158
Never mind that.
Focus on the fire.
427
00:31:28,241 --> 00:31:30,991
I am focusing
on the fire.
428
00:31:31,075 --> 00:31:35,200
The wind, it's carrying
all that smoke,
429
00:31:35,283 --> 00:31:37,033
all that radiation.
430
00:31:37,116 --> 00:31:40,116
At least evacuate Pripyat.
It's three kilometers away.
431
00:31:40,200 --> 00:31:42,116
-That's my decision to make.
-Then make it.
432
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:44,867
-I've been told not to.
-Is it or is not--
433
00:31:44,950 --> 00:31:46,742
I'm in charge here!
434
00:31:46,825 --> 00:31:48,492
This will go much easier
if you talk to me
435
00:31:48,575 --> 00:31:49,825
about the things
you do understand
436
00:31:49,909 --> 00:31:52,659
and not about the things
you do not understand.
437
00:31:56,408 --> 00:31:57,909
Where are you going?
438
00:31:57,991 --> 00:32:01,825
Shcherbina:
I'm going to get you
5,000 tons of sand and boron.
439
00:32:09,700 --> 00:32:11,825
There's a hotel.
440
00:32:14,492 --> 00:32:16,991
♪ ♪
441
00:32:38,075 --> 00:32:40,200
(phone ringing)
442
00:32:55,575 --> 00:32:57,575
(music playing over speakers)
443
00:33:04,367 --> 00:33:06,825
(woman chattering
indistinctly)
444
00:33:07,617 --> 00:33:09,700
I'd prefer one of those.
445
00:33:17,742 --> 00:33:19,575
Woman:
Superstitious?
446
00:33:28,408 --> 00:33:30,241
Moscow?
447
00:33:33,700 --> 00:33:36,075
Are you here
because of the fire?
448
00:33:40,367 --> 00:33:42,909
Anything we should
be worried about?
449
00:33:46,909 --> 00:33:48,283
(sighs)
450
00:33:48,367 --> 00:33:49,950
No.
451
00:33:56,909 --> 00:33:58,283
(glass taps bar twice)
452
00:34:00,450 --> 00:34:01,950
Ah.
453
00:34:14,950 --> 00:34:17,784
(wind blowing)
454
00:34:31,158 --> 00:34:34,408
(trees rustling)
455
00:34:38,659 --> 00:34:40,991
(helicopters whupping)
456
00:34:48,033 --> 00:34:50,200
(indistinct radio transmissions)
457
00:34:54,367 --> 00:34:57,033
Pilot (over radio):
We're in position.
Approaching drop.
458
00:34:58,158 --> 00:35:00,283
Stasiuk: (over radio):
Clear to proceed.
459
00:35:01,659 --> 00:35:04,867
Pilot:
Copy. We'll go
one by one in rotation.
460
00:35:10,033 --> 00:35:12,158
Remind them about the perimeter.
461
00:35:15,659 --> 00:35:17,825
They cannot fly directly
over the fire.
462
00:35:17,909 --> 00:35:20,116
A minimum of
a ten-meter perimeter.
463
00:35:20,200 --> 00:35:21,617
Pilot:
Ten meter perimeter. Copy.
464
00:35:21,700 --> 00:35:23,241
Lead One, per pre-flight:
465
00:35:23,325 --> 00:35:26,033
maintain minimum
ten-meter perimeter.
466
00:35:26,116 --> 00:35:27,200
Lead One:
Copy that.
467
00:35:27,283 --> 00:35:29,950
Forty meters... 35...
468
00:35:30,033 --> 00:35:31,283
30...
469
00:35:31,367 --> 00:35:33,533
(radio static crackling)
470
00:35:34,909 --> 00:35:37,116
No, no, no!
They're too close!
471
00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:38,991
They can't get over the fire.
How are they supposed--
472
00:35:39,075 --> 00:35:40,950
The wind will have to carry it.
473
00:35:41,033 --> 00:35:43,909
Tell them, they cannot
go over the core.
474
00:35:46,325 --> 00:35:47,575
Stasiuk:
Lead One is too close.
475
00:35:47,659 --> 00:35:49,533
I repeat,
they are too close.
476
00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:52,033
Pilot:
Copy.
477
00:35:52,116 --> 00:35:54,950
Lead One, you are
inside the perimeter.
478
00:35:55,033 --> 00:35:58,158
Lead One:
Did not copy.
Signal's breaking up.
479
00:35:58,241 --> 00:36:00,575
(radio static crackling)
480
00:36:00,659 --> 00:36:03,075
Pilot:
Lead One?
481
00:36:03,158 --> 00:36:04,742
Do you copy?
482
00:36:04,825 --> 00:36:06,742
Lead One, do you copy?
483
00:36:06,825 --> 00:36:08,950
Lead One, come in.
484
00:36:09,033 --> 00:36:10,825
Do you copy, Lead One?
485
00:36:10,909 --> 00:36:12,617
Lead One!
486
00:36:14,158 --> 00:36:16,742
(helicopter engine whines)
487
00:36:18,075 --> 00:36:20,116
♪ ♪
488
00:36:24,241 --> 00:36:26,367
♪ ♪
489
00:36:30,450 --> 00:36:33,116
Stasiuk:
Sir? What do
I tell the others?
490
00:36:35,450 --> 00:36:37,325
Is there any other way, Legasov?
491
00:36:37,408 --> 00:36:40,825
(distant helicopters thrumming)
492
00:36:40,909 --> 00:36:42,950
♪ ♪
493
00:36:45,950 --> 00:36:47,825
Send the next one in.
494
00:36:49,241 --> 00:36:51,283
Tell them to approach
from the west.
495
00:36:52,367 --> 00:36:55,492
Stasiuk:
Lead Two, approach
from the west.
496
00:37:05,659 --> 00:37:07,784
♪ ♪
497
00:37:14,075 --> 00:37:16,200
(phone ringing)
498
00:37:16,283 --> 00:37:18,909
Marina:
Kurchatov Institute
Laboratory Four.
499
00:37:18,991 --> 00:37:23,450
(over phone):
Marina Gruzinskaya,
it's Ulana Khomyuk from Minsk.
500
00:37:25,659 --> 00:37:28,241
Oh, yes, how nice
of you to phone.
501
00:37:28,325 --> 00:37:30,241
-It's been too long.
- It has.
502
00:37:30,325 --> 00:37:32,909
I was actually calling
about our friend.
503
00:37:32,991 --> 00:37:35,241
-You know,
the one in the country.
- Oh, yes, of course.
504
00:37:35,325 --> 00:37:39,075
I wanted to see how he's doing.
It's so hot there right now.
505
00:37:39,158 --> 00:37:41,575
Yes, it's extremely hot,
506
00:37:41,659 --> 00:37:42,991
but his nephews are flying down,
507
00:37:43,075 --> 00:37:45,075
and they always
bring cool weather.
508
00:37:45,158 --> 00:37:46,784
Oh? Which nephews?
509
00:37:47,533 --> 00:37:51,575
Simka, who's 14,
and little Boris, who's five.
510
00:37:51,659 --> 00:37:52,867
Well, that's wonderful.
511
00:37:52,950 --> 00:37:54,742
Though children can
make you even hotter
512
00:37:54,825 --> 00:37:56,575
when they're crawling
all over you.
513
00:37:56,659 --> 00:37:58,075
Maybe I should visit them.
514
00:37:58,158 --> 00:37:59,950
No, they don't want visitors.
515
00:38:00,033 --> 00:38:02,325
I'm sorry, um,
I have to get back to work.
516
00:38:02,408 --> 00:38:04,825
It's very busy right now.
Goodbye.
517
00:38:07,659 --> 00:38:10,200
They're dropping sand
and boron on the fire.
518
00:38:11,200 --> 00:38:12,742
It's what I would do.
519
00:38:14,533 --> 00:38:16,241
Yes, I'm sure it is.
520
00:38:38,533 --> 00:38:40,200
Dmitri:
Where are you going?
521
00:38:41,241 --> 00:38:42,700
Chernobyl.
522
00:38:47,492 --> 00:38:50,158
(door opens, closes)
523
00:38:50,241 --> 00:38:53,033
It's been smooth.
Twenty drops.
524
00:38:53,116 --> 00:38:55,283
(distant helicopters thrumming)
525
00:38:59,075 --> 00:39:00,533
What?
526
00:39:03,367 --> 00:39:06,408
There are 50,000 people
in this city.
527
00:39:06,492 --> 00:39:11,116
(sighs)
Professor Ilyin,
who's also on the commission,
528
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:14,075
says the radiation isn't
high enough to evacuate.
529
00:39:14,158 --> 00:39:15,825
Ilyin isn't a physicist.
530
00:39:15,909 --> 00:39:18,909
Well, he's a medical doctor.
If he says it's safe, it's safe.
531
00:39:18,991 --> 00:39:21,450
-Not if they stay here.
-We're staying here.
532
00:39:21,533 --> 00:39:25,950
Yes, we are, and we'll be dead
in five years.
533
00:39:26,033 --> 00:39:28,283
(distant helicopters thrumming)
534
00:39:33,909 --> 00:39:36,367
I'm sorry, I...
535
00:39:36,450 --> 00:39:37,991
I'm sorry.
536
00:39:59,033 --> 00:40:00,950
(phone rings)
537
00:40:04,325 --> 00:40:06,450
(phone rings)
538
00:40:09,617 --> 00:40:11,991
(phone rings)
539
00:40:14,991 --> 00:40:16,325
(phone rings)
540
00:40:16,408 --> 00:40:17,700
Shcherbina.
541
00:40:18,450 --> 00:40:20,617
(distant helicopters thrumming)
542
00:40:23,033 --> 00:40:25,283
(man speaking indistinctly
over phone)
543
00:40:29,158 --> 00:40:30,492
Thank you.
544
00:40:36,659 --> 00:40:40,533
A nuclear plant in Sweden
has detected radiation
545
00:40:40,617 --> 00:40:43,700
and identified it
as a byproduct of our fuel.
546
00:40:44,825 --> 00:40:47,492
The Americans took
satellite photos.
547
00:40:48,450 --> 00:40:51,742
The reactor building,
the smoke, the fire.
548
00:40:51,825 --> 00:40:53,367
(sighs)
549
00:40:54,450 --> 00:40:56,367
Shcherbina:
The whole world knows.
550
00:41:02,950 --> 00:41:05,533
The wind has been blowing
toward Germany.
551
00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:09,533
They're not letting
children play outside...
552
00:41:11,408 --> 00:41:12,991
in Frankfurt.
553
00:41:15,367 --> 00:41:17,533
(boys chattering outside)
554
00:41:24,617 --> 00:41:26,492
Want a smoke?
555
00:41:41,909 --> 00:41:44,492
Peter Jennings:
There has been a nuclear
accident in the Soviet Union
556
00:41:44,575 --> 00:41:46,325
and the Soviets have
admitted that it happened.
557
00:41:46,408 --> 00:41:47,950
The Soviet version is this:
558
00:41:48,033 --> 00:41:49,450
One of the atomic reactors
559
00:41:49,533 --> 00:41:52,116
at the Chernobyl Atomic Power
Plant near the city of Kiev
560
00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:54,784
was damaged, and there is
speculation in Moscow
561
00:41:54,867 --> 00:41:57,075
that people were injured
and may have died.
562
00:41:57,158 --> 00:42:00,283
The Soviets may have been
fairly quick to acknowledge
the accident
563
00:42:00,367 --> 00:42:03,659
because evidence in the form
of mild nuclear radiation
564
00:42:03,742 --> 00:42:07,784
had already reached
beyond the Soviet borders
to Scandinavia.
565
00:42:40,742 --> 00:42:46,158
(woman announcing
over loudspeaker,
in foreign language)
566
00:42:48,784 --> 00:42:50,950
(announcement continuing)
567
00:43:03,991 --> 00:43:06,450
(announcement continuing)
568
00:43:07,158 --> 00:43:09,200
(alarms blaring)
569
00:43:15,325 --> 00:43:17,492
(announcement continuing)
570
00:43:20,200 --> 00:43:22,325
♪ ♪
571
00:43:38,700 --> 00:43:41,533
(announcement continuing)
572
00:43:55,659 --> 00:43:57,991
♪ ♪
573
00:44:00,533 --> 00:44:02,700
(announcement continuing)
574
00:44:07,533 --> 00:44:09,659
♪ ♪
575
00:44:13,367 --> 00:44:15,492
(girl crying)
576
00:44:16,492 --> 00:44:18,867
(announcement continuing)
577
00:44:30,241 --> 00:44:32,367
♪ ♪
578
00:44:49,241 --> 00:44:52,450
(announcement continuing)
579
00:44:52,533 --> 00:44:54,575
♪ ♪
580
00:45:09,492 --> 00:45:12,617
♪ ♪
581
00:45:19,700 --> 00:45:22,325
(siren wailing)
582
00:45:24,325 --> 00:45:26,450
(announcement continuing)
583
00:45:41,784 --> 00:45:45,991
(announcement continuing)
584
00:45:49,033 --> 00:45:51,158
(announcement fading)
585
00:45:57,283 --> 00:45:59,325
♪ ♪
586
00:46:06,325 --> 00:46:08,492
(distant helicopters thrumming)
587
00:46:22,408 --> 00:46:24,825
I said turn around.
This is a restricted zone.
588
00:46:24,909 --> 00:46:29,283
-I'm from the Byelorussian
Institute for Nuclear Energy.
-Do you have permission?
589
00:46:29,367 --> 00:46:31,617
Listen to me, I need to speak
to someone urgently.
590
00:46:31,700 --> 00:46:34,075
Turn around right now,
or I'll arrest you.
591
00:46:34,158 --> 00:46:35,909
If you arrest me,
you should take me
592
00:46:35,991 --> 00:46:38,200
to the highest
possible authority.
593
00:46:42,700 --> 00:46:45,241
Legasov:
We have to start
a radiological survey.
594
00:46:45,325 --> 00:46:49,533
Sector by sector, on foot,
dosimeters in hand.
595
00:46:51,158 --> 00:46:52,909
Are you all right?
596
00:46:55,533 --> 00:46:56,867
Of course.
597
00:46:58,075 --> 00:46:59,408
Comrades--
598
00:46:59,492 --> 00:47:02,116
The guards arrested this woman
at the south checkpoint.
599
00:47:02,200 --> 00:47:06,450
-I'd have put her in a cell--
-But he thought you should
know that I know.
600
00:47:06,533 --> 00:47:08,325
I know that your reactor
core is exposed.
601
00:47:08,408 --> 00:47:11,325
I know the graphite is on fire,
the fuel is melting,
602
00:47:11,408 --> 00:47:13,325
and you're dropping sand
and boron on it,
603
00:47:13,408 --> 00:47:16,659
which you probably thought was
smart, but you've made a
mistake.
604
00:47:16,742 --> 00:47:19,825
Ulana Yuriyvna Khomyuk,
Chief Physicist,
605
00:47:19,909 --> 00:47:22,200
Byelorussian Institute
for Nuclear Energy.
606
00:47:22,283 --> 00:47:25,533
And you are Valery
Alexeyevich Legasov?
607
00:47:25,617 --> 00:47:28,158
Smothering the core
will put the fire out,
608
00:47:28,241 --> 00:47:31,033
but the temperature will
eventually increase--
609
00:47:31,116 --> 00:47:32,659
Legasov:
Believe me,
I'm perfectly aware.
610
00:47:32,742 --> 00:47:34,784
But I estimate
at least a month
611
00:47:34,867 --> 00:47:36,784
before it melts through
the lower concrete pad,
612
00:47:36,867 --> 00:47:38,784
-which gives us time--
-No, you don't have a month.
613
00:47:38,867 --> 00:47:40,575
You have approximately two days.
614
00:47:41,492 --> 00:47:44,700
Yes, the fuel would
take a month
615
00:47:44,784 --> 00:47:46,825
to reach the concrete pad here.
616
00:47:46,909 --> 00:47:50,408
But first...
it's going to burn through
617
00:47:50,492 --> 00:47:52,867
the biological shield here
by Tuesday.
618
00:47:52,950 --> 00:47:55,950
And when it does,
it's going to hit these tanks--
619
00:47:56,033 --> 00:47:57,325
bubbler pools, reservoirs--
620
00:47:57,408 --> 00:48:00,575
Reservoirs for the ECS.
I understand your concern,
621
00:48:00,659 --> 00:48:02,575
but I confirmed it
with plant personnel.
622
00:48:02,659 --> 00:48:06,241
-The tanks are nearly empty.
-No, they were nearly empty.
623
00:48:06,325 --> 00:48:09,784
Each of these points
here, here, and here
624
00:48:09,867 --> 00:48:11,867
all drain
to the bubbler pools.
625
00:48:11,950 --> 00:48:14,492
I'm guessing that every pipe
in the building ruptured.
626
00:48:14,575 --> 00:48:17,533
And then there are
those fire engines
that I saw on the way in.
627
00:48:17,617 --> 00:48:19,742
The fire hoses
are still connected.
628
00:48:19,825 --> 00:48:22,867
They've been gushing
water into the structure
this whole time.
629
00:48:22,950 --> 00:48:24,909
The tanks are full.
630
00:48:26,909 --> 00:48:29,450
The tanks are full.
631
00:48:31,991 --> 00:48:34,200
(speaking foreign language)
632
00:48:58,408 --> 00:48:59,659
(door opens)
633
00:49:08,450 --> 00:49:12,742
I have ten minutes,
then I'm back on the phone
634
00:49:12,825 --> 00:49:15,742
apologizing to our friends,
635
00:49:15,825 --> 00:49:18,991
apologizing to our enemies.
636
00:49:19,075 --> 00:49:22,408
Our power comes from
the perception of our power.
637
00:49:22,492 --> 00:49:26,116
Do you understand
the damage this has done?
638
00:49:26,200 --> 00:49:29,408
Do you understand
what's at stake?
639
00:49:31,033 --> 00:49:32,367
Boris.
640
00:49:34,450 --> 00:49:38,867
Professor Legasov
will deliver our briefing.
641
00:49:40,533 --> 00:49:42,033
There is some good news.
642
00:49:42,116 --> 00:49:44,784
The air drops are working
to douse the fire.
643
00:49:44,867 --> 00:49:48,617
There's been a reduction
in radionuclide emissions,
644
00:49:48,700 --> 00:49:50,533
but the fire will not
be extinguished
645
00:49:50,617 --> 00:49:53,492
for at least
another two weeks.
646
00:49:55,408 --> 00:49:58,408
There is also
an additional problem.
647
00:49:59,950 --> 00:50:01,700
Nuclear fuel doesn't turn cold
648
00:50:01,784 --> 00:50:04,450
simply because
it is not on fire.
649
00:50:04,533 --> 00:50:06,158
In fact, the temperature
will likely rise
650
00:50:06,241 --> 00:50:08,950
as a result of the blanket
of sand we've dropped.
651
00:50:09,033 --> 00:50:11,825
The uranium will melt the sand,
652
00:50:11,909 --> 00:50:13,617
creating a kind of lava
653
00:50:13,700 --> 00:50:16,991
which will begin to melt down
through the shield below.
654
00:50:17,075 --> 00:50:18,617
You have made lava?
655
00:50:21,283 --> 00:50:23,408
I anticipated this.
656
00:50:24,909 --> 00:50:27,200
I believed there was
time to reinforce
657
00:50:27,283 --> 00:50:29,325
this lower concrete pad
658
00:50:29,408 --> 00:50:30,867
before the lava
reached the earth
659
00:50:30,950 --> 00:50:32,492
and contaminated
the groundwater.
660
00:50:32,575 --> 00:50:35,659
But as it turned out, I was
worried about the wrong thing.
661
00:50:35,742 --> 00:50:37,617
Uh, um...
662
00:50:37,700 --> 00:50:41,283
It was my understanding
that these large water tanks
663
00:50:41,367 --> 00:50:43,950
under the reactor were
essentially empty.
664
00:50:44,033 --> 00:50:47,116
This is Ulana Khomyuk
of the Byelorussian Institute.
665
00:50:47,200 --> 00:50:49,492
Thanks to her insight,
we are now aware
666
00:50:49,575 --> 00:50:52,867
that the tanks are,
in fact, full.
667
00:50:52,950 --> 00:50:56,825
Of water. Why is that
a problem, professor?
668
00:50:58,033 --> 00:50:59,492
(clears throat)
669
00:51:01,116 --> 00:51:02,784
When the lava
enters these tanks,
670
00:51:02,867 --> 00:51:05,200
it will instantly
superheat and vaporize
671
00:51:05,283 --> 00:51:08,950
approximately 7,000
cubic meters of water,
672
00:51:09,033 --> 00:51:12,533
causing a significant
thermal explosion.
673
00:51:12,617 --> 00:51:14,575
How significant?
674
00:51:14,659 --> 00:51:18,533
We estimate between
two and four megatons.
675
00:51:18,617 --> 00:51:21,909
Everything within
a 30-kilometer radius
676
00:51:21,991 --> 00:51:23,659
will be completely destroyed,
677
00:51:23,742 --> 00:51:27,075
including the three remaining
reactors at Chernobyl.
678
00:51:27,158 --> 00:51:30,659
The entirety of the radioactive
material in all of the cores
679
00:51:30,742 --> 00:51:33,825
will be ejected at force
680
00:51:33,909 --> 00:51:36,950
and dispersed by
a massive shock wave,
681
00:51:37,033 --> 00:51:42,241
which will extend
approximately 200 kilometers
682
00:51:42,325 --> 00:51:45,617
and likely be fatal
to the entire population of Kiev
683
00:51:45,700 --> 00:51:47,742
as well as a portion of Minsk.
684
00:51:47,825 --> 00:51:50,742
The release of radiation
will be severe
685
00:51:50,825 --> 00:51:54,075
and will impact
all of Soviet Ukraine,
686
00:51:54,158 --> 00:51:57,784
Latvia, Lithuania,
Byelorussia,
687
00:51:57,867 --> 00:52:01,116
as well as Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
688
00:52:01,200 --> 00:52:03,867
Romania,
and most of East Germany.
689
00:52:07,533 --> 00:52:10,408
What do you mean "impact"?
690
00:52:11,200 --> 00:52:13,742
For much of the area,
a nearly permanent disruption
691
00:52:13,825 --> 00:52:16,367
of the food and water supply,
692
00:52:16,450 --> 00:52:19,450
a steep increase in the rates
of cancer and birth defects.
693
00:52:19,533 --> 00:52:22,991
I don't know how many deaths
there will be, but many.
694
00:52:23,075 --> 00:52:24,950
For Byelorussia and the Ukraine,
695
00:52:25,033 --> 00:52:27,367
"impact" means
completely uninhabitable
696
00:52:27,450 --> 00:52:30,867
for a minimum of 100 years.
697
00:52:34,700 --> 00:52:38,116
There are more
than 50 million people
698
00:52:38,200 --> 00:52:40,950
living in Byelorussia
and Ukraine.
699
00:52:41,033 --> 00:52:42,867
Sixty, yes.
700
00:52:47,241 --> 00:52:48,991
And how long
before this happens?
701
00:52:49,075 --> 00:52:52,950
Approximately 48 to 72 hours.
702
00:52:56,408 --> 00:52:58,825
But we may have a solution.
703
00:52:58,909 --> 00:53:00,700
We can pump the water
from the tanks.
704
00:53:00,784 --> 00:53:04,200
Unfortunately, the tanks are
sealed shut by a sluice gate,
705
00:53:04,283 --> 00:53:06,408
and the gate can only
be opened manually
706
00:53:06,492 --> 00:53:08,033
from within
the duct system itself.
707
00:53:08,116 --> 00:53:11,283
So we need to find
three plant workers
708
00:53:11,367 --> 00:53:12,950
who know the facility
well enough
709
00:53:13,033 --> 00:53:14,659
to enter the basement here,
710
00:53:14,742 --> 00:53:18,991
find their way through
all these duct ways,
711
00:53:19,075 --> 00:53:21,158
get to the sluice gate
valve here,
712
00:53:21,241 --> 00:53:25,700
and give us the access we need
to pump out the tanks.
713
00:53:25,784 --> 00:53:28,533
Of course, we will need
your permission.
714
00:53:28,617 --> 00:53:30,659
My permission for what?
715
00:53:30,742 --> 00:53:33,200
Uh, the water in these ducts,
716
00:53:33,283 --> 00:53:36,116
the level of radioactive
contamination--
717
00:53:36,200 --> 00:53:38,617
They'll likely be
dead in a week.
718
00:53:40,367 --> 00:53:44,116
We're asking for your
permission to kill three men.
719
00:53:52,283 --> 00:53:53,659
Well...
720
00:53:53,742 --> 00:53:56,325
Comrade Legasov...
721
00:53:56,408 --> 00:54:00,158
(clears throat)
all victories inevitably
come at a cost.
722
00:54:36,450 --> 00:54:38,533
(dogs panting)
723
00:54:44,617 --> 00:54:46,659
♪ ♪
724
00:55:02,909 --> 00:55:05,033
(wind blowing)
725
00:55:25,283 --> 00:55:29,116
Legasov:
And open the sluice gate
valve... here.
726
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:31,200
The valve will be
difficult to operate,
727
00:55:31,283 --> 00:55:33,116
so we'll need three men
728
00:55:33,200 --> 00:55:36,742
who will need to know
the basement layout.
729
00:55:36,825 --> 00:55:40,784
And, of course, any volunteers
will be rewarded.
730
00:55:40,867 --> 00:55:45,283
A yearly stipend of 400 rubles.
731
00:55:51,367 --> 00:55:56,325
And, uh, for those
of you working in reactors
one and two, promotions.
732
00:55:56,408 --> 00:56:00,158
Why are reactors one and two
still operating at all?
733
00:56:00,241 --> 00:56:02,325
My friend was a security
guard that night,
734
00:56:02,408 --> 00:56:03,991
and, uh, she's now dying.
735
00:56:04,075 --> 00:56:06,700
And we've all heard
about the firemen.
736
00:56:06,784 --> 00:56:10,784
And now you want us to swim
underneath a burning reactor?
737
00:56:11,575 --> 00:56:13,700
Do you even know how
contaminated it is?
738
00:56:13,784 --> 00:56:15,283
(clears throat)
739
00:56:15,784 --> 00:56:17,659
I... I don't have
an exact number.
740
00:56:17,742 --> 00:56:20,617
You don't need an exact number
to know if it'll kill us.
741
00:56:21,241 --> 00:56:23,158
But you can't even
tell us that.
742
00:56:24,450 --> 00:56:26,867
Why should we do this?
For what, 400 rubles?
743
00:56:26,950 --> 00:56:28,784
(murmurs in agreement)
744
00:56:30,408 --> 00:56:33,158
You'll do it
because it must be done.
745
00:56:37,742 --> 00:56:41,116
You'll do it
because nobody else can.
746
00:56:43,450 --> 00:56:47,116
And if you don't,
millions will die.
747
00:56:48,283 --> 00:56:51,241
If you tell me that's not
enough, I won't believe you.
748
00:56:52,450 --> 00:56:56,533
This is what has always
set our people apart.
749
00:56:56,617 --> 00:56:59,825
A thousand years
of sacrifice in our veins.
750
00:57:00,659 --> 00:57:03,450
And every generation
must know its own suffering.
751
00:57:04,492 --> 00:57:07,241
I spit on the people
who did this,
752
00:57:07,325 --> 00:57:09,950
and I curse the price
I have to pay.
753
00:57:12,075 --> 00:57:14,492
But I'm making
my peace with it,
754
00:57:14,575 --> 00:57:16,325
and now you make yours.
755
00:57:16,408 --> 00:57:19,158
And go into that water.
756
00:57:21,241 --> 00:57:22,909
Because it must be done.
757
00:57:22,991 --> 00:57:25,158
(distant helicopters thrumming)
758
00:57:40,158 --> 00:57:41,700
Ananenko.
759
00:57:46,033 --> 00:57:47,533
Bezpalov.
760
00:57:52,700 --> 00:57:54,533
Baranov.
761
00:57:56,742 --> 00:57:58,867
♪ ♪
762
00:58:14,533 --> 00:58:16,617
♪ ♪
763
00:58:42,241 --> 00:58:44,408
(distant helicopters thrumming)
764
00:58:53,241 --> 00:58:55,283
♪ ♪
765
00:59:27,825 --> 00:59:29,950
♪ ♪
766
00:59:49,367 --> 00:59:51,492
(dosimeters clicking)
767
00:59:53,825 --> 00:59:55,950
(door shuts)
768
00:59:59,158 --> 01:00:00,367
(grunts)
769
01:00:47,075 --> 01:00:48,991
(dosimeter clicking)
770
01:01:13,367 --> 01:01:14,408
(grunts)
771
01:01:41,700 --> 01:01:43,533
(dosimeter's clicking
grows louder)
772
01:01:57,533 --> 01:01:59,617
(dosimeter crackling loudly)
773
01:02:09,241 --> 01:02:10,617
(grunts)
774
01:02:14,116 --> 01:02:15,825
-(clicking grows louder)
-(water gushing)
775
01:02:15,909 --> 01:02:16,950
(grunts urgently)
776
01:02:23,241 --> 01:02:24,742
(grunts)
777
01:02:33,617 --> 01:02:35,784
(dosimeter clicking rapidly)
778
01:02:37,492 --> 01:02:39,784
-(tapping)
-(grunting)
779
01:02:44,700 --> 01:02:46,950
(dosimeters clicking
loudly, rapidly)
780
01:02:48,659 --> 01:02:49,700
(grunts)
781
01:02:51,700 --> 01:02:53,784
(dosimeters clicking
loudly, rapidly)
782
01:02:53,867 --> 01:02:56,116
(men panting)
783
01:02:56,200 --> 01:02:57,158
(tapping)
784
01:02:57,241 --> 01:02:59,075
-(panting)
-(tapping)
785
01:02:59,158 --> 01:03:01,325
(loud, rapid clicking
continuing)
786
01:03:01,991 --> 01:03:04,241
-(tapping)
-(rapid, heavy breathing)
787
01:03:04,325 --> 01:03:05,659
(silence)
788
01:03:13,492 --> 01:03:15,533
♪ ♪
789
01:03:33,533 --> 01:03:35,575
♪ ♪
790
01:04:05,408 --> 01:04:07,533
♪ ♪
791
01:04:32,575 --> 01:04:34,617
♪ ♪
792
01:05:10,283 --> 01:05:11,825
♪ ♪
793
01:05:47,950 --> 01:05:51,116
VALERY LEGASOV:
The immediate danger is over.
794
01:05:52,116 --> 01:05:54,283
Now, I'm afraid
the long war must begin.
795
01:05:54,867 --> 01:05:56,742
NIKOLAI BRYUKHANOV:
How many men do you require?
796
01:05:57,575 --> 01:05:59,867
Approximately 750,000 men.
797
01:06:02,784 --> 01:06:04,867
ULANA KHOMYUK: I've worked
the numbers over and over,
798
01:06:05,158 --> 01:06:06,991
and I always get the same
answer.
799
01:06:08,950 --> 01:06:10,033
It's not possible.
800
01:06:11,450 --> 01:06:14,367
LEGASOV: We have to pursue
every possibility.
801
01:06:15,533 --> 01:06:18,283
No matter what
or who is to blame.
802
01:06:18,991 --> 01:06:22,241
Because if we don't find out
what happened that night...
803
01:06:24,116 --> 01:06:25,200
it will happen again.
804
01:06:33,200 --> 01:06:35,241
The valve will be difficult
to operate,
805
01:06:35,325 --> 01:06:36,617
so we'll need three men.
806
01:06:38,408 --> 01:06:39,450
Ananenko.
807
01:06:40,408 --> 01:06:41,450
Bezpalov.
808
01:06:43,158 --> 01:06:44,075
Baranov.
809
01:06:45,241 --> 01:06:47,617
CRAIG MAZIN:
The water was very irradiated.
810
01:06:47,700 --> 01:06:50,033
And there was no expectation
that they would survive.
811
01:06:50,367 --> 01:06:51,909
And they did it nonetheless.
812
01:06:55,325 --> 01:06:56,575
JOHAN RENCK:
For me to shoot that,
813
01:06:56,659 --> 01:06:59,367
I really didn't want
some kind of big ambient light
814
01:06:59,450 --> 01:07:01,492
so that you can see everything
that's going on
815
01:07:01,575 --> 01:07:04,075
and you kind of make it
into some spectacle.
816
01:07:04,408 --> 01:07:06,991
But for me, it was always
about authenticity,
817
01:07:07,075 --> 01:07:09,575
and the visceral feel of being
with these divers
818
01:07:09,659 --> 01:07:11,991
in this pitch-darkness,
not really seeing anything else
819
01:07:12,075 --> 01:07:13,784
but what's being lit
by the flashlights
820
01:07:13,867 --> 01:07:17,075
and the reflections in the water
from those flashlights.
821
01:07:19,950 --> 01:07:21,575
I'm a nuclear physicist.
822
01:07:23,283 --> 01:07:25,241
EMILY WATSON: Ulana Khomyuk
is not a real person.
823
01:07:25,325 --> 01:07:26,617
She's an invented character.
824
01:07:26,825 --> 01:07:30,867
An amalgam of the scientists
at the time in the Soviet Union
825
01:07:30,950 --> 01:07:32,659
who worked together.
826
01:07:32,742 --> 01:07:34,241
I'm here about Chernobyl.
827
01:07:34,909 --> 01:07:36,241
MAZIN: One of the challenges
of...
828
01:07:36,325 --> 01:07:37,742
creating any kind
of historical fiction
829
01:07:37,825 --> 01:07:39,867
is compressing the amount
of people involved.
830
01:07:39,950 --> 01:07:42,742
I needed a character
to represent the hundreds
831
01:07:42,825 --> 01:07:46,408
of scientists who came together
to try and figure out
832
01:07:46,492 --> 01:07:48,909
how to stop Chernobyl
from getting worse,
833
01:07:48,991 --> 01:07:50,367
to clean it up, and then
834
01:07:50,450 --> 01:07:52,283
to determine how it happened
in the first place.
835
01:07:52,575 --> 01:07:54,950
Smothering the coal
will put the fire out,
836
01:07:55,033 --> 01:07:56,617
but... you've made a mistake.
837
01:07:57,867 --> 01:07:59,158
MAZIN:
These were scientists
838
01:07:59,241 --> 01:08:02,325
that understood that they were
trying to solve a mystery
839
01:08:02,408 --> 01:08:05,450
in a system that did not
want them to solve the mystery.
840
01:08:05,533 --> 01:08:07,075
They were put on trial.
841
01:08:07,450 --> 01:08:09,033
Scientists involved in this
were threatened,
842
01:08:09,492 --> 01:08:12,909
their families were threatened,
and yet, they did it anyway.
843
01:08:13,241 --> 01:08:16,492
Because, I think,
they understood as scientists,
844
01:08:16,575 --> 01:08:19,742
that the truth was no longer
something that could be
845
01:08:19,825 --> 01:08:22,325
hidden away,
that it was now too late.
846
01:08:22,909 --> 01:08:24,533
I prefer my opinion to yours.
847
01:08:25,533 --> 01:08:27,241
Before you were
deputy secretary,
848
01:08:27,325 --> 01:08:28,867
you worked in a shoe factory.
849
01:08:32,200 --> 01:08:35,575
JARED HARRIS: Because Legasov
has the scientific understanding
850
01:08:35,659 --> 01:08:36,659
of what has happened,
851
01:08:36,909 --> 01:08:39,241
he immediately is given
the responsibility
852
01:08:39,325 --> 01:08:41,325
of trying to figure out,
"Well, what do they do next?"
853
01:08:41,533 --> 01:08:45,033
He hasn't owned it yet,
as in terms of it's his problem.
854
01:08:46,158 --> 01:08:47,700
Anything we should be
worried about?
855
01:08:48,367 --> 01:08:50,075
HARRIS:
He has a choice at that point,
856
01:08:50,367 --> 01:08:52,408
to tell them the truth
or to lie.
857
01:08:52,700 --> 01:08:54,700
(SIGHS) No.
858
01:08:56,033 --> 01:08:58,825
That's sort of the point
that he steps into the story.
859
01:09:00,033 --> 01:09:00,909
Up until that point,
860
01:09:01,241 --> 01:09:03,283
he was an innocent
who was plucked from his life
861
01:09:03,367 --> 01:09:04,909
and plunked into this situation.
862
01:09:04,991 --> 01:09:06,533
But the moment that he lies,
863
01:09:06,784 --> 01:09:09,991
he now owns responsibility
for the outcome.
864
01:09:10,533 --> 01:09:12,700
♪ (DRAMATIC MUSIC INTENSIFIES) ♪
60237
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