All language subtitles for BBC Beach Live Jurassic Coast Revealed - 02 English

Good evening.

This is Beach Live from Dorset's
extraordinary Jurassic Coast.

Tonight, a very special show.

This is a Second World War British

tank lying 15 metres beneath the
waves

waves just east off the coast from
here.

here. Tonight we'll blew doing a
live

live dive to try to ascertain
whether

whether this tank belong to the loss
abiding

abiding virtue of one of the most
important

important exercises in the build-up
to

to D-Day.

Welcome back to Charmouth beach, and

we are live for three nights this
week

week on the drastic coast, because
this

this stretch of coast is probably
the

the best place in Britain for
exploring

exploring fossil finds, beach
history

history and extraordinary marine
wildlife.

wildlife. And take a look at this.
This

This sunken tanker was until
recently

recently classified a military
secret.

secret. There is our team, just
earlier

earlier in the day gearing up,
because

because that Temer specialist divers
will

will go on to that tank to conduct a
detailed

detailed survey. We will also be
looking

looking at the hundreds of the
hundreds

hundreds of shipwrecks out there,
and

and what an extraordinary way they
benefit

benefit the marine life. Yes, and
hopefully

hopefully some of the cargoes of
those

those shipwrecks have been swept
ashore

ashore where they have ended up in
the

the hands of our beachcombers, who
have

have then taken them to our
discovery

discovery centre and Neil. I am
hoping

hoping Niall will have some
discoveries

discoveries like these. I heard
someone

someone call Tony English drop
these.

these. These were washed off in the
1950s.

1950s. They are heavy, iron
cannonballs,

cannonballs, you can see the rust on
the

the edge, heady cannonballs, the
kind

kind of things you might find on
victory's

victory's gun deck. Before battle
you

you would have further tapping as
they

they took of these accretions to
make

make the most spherical, to fit down
the

the barrels. You really know your
cannonballs.

cannonballs. Do you think they could
have

have been used in smuggling? Could
have

have been used in anti-smuggling,
beach

beach protection, yes. We will also
look

look at smuggling and the rather
unusual

unusual characters involved. That is
true

true but you don't have to have
brought

brought these in person, like poor
old

old Tony, you can send in stuff from
home

home if you want to e-mail them,
pictures

pictures of anything you choose you
found

found beachcombing or a thing like
that.

that. Now, these could have as you
said

said been involved in coastal
defence,

defence, which brings us to one of
the

the great stories of British
history.

history. Every generation has had to
deal

deal with coastal defence. Today
this

this beach is covered in tourist and
locals

locals but it has posted invaders
before

before throughout the ages, and the
last

last great invasion scare in British
history

history left lots of these all round
the

the coast from right here on the
south

south coast right up to the north of
Scotland.

Scotland. They were called Dragon's
Keith,

Keith, they were anti-tank defences,
you'd

you'd great big concrete blocks,
sometimes

sometimes with triangles on top to
topple

topple tanks of the tried to drive
over

over them coming between you might
have

have had metal bars and minds, they
would

would have been designed to stop the
tanks

tanks of the Germans coming off
beaches

beaches like this and going further
inland.

inland. And they have remained, so
any

any pictures you have of these beach
defences

defences from anywhere in the
country,

country, send them in. This is
certainly

certainly not the only thing that
links

links us to the Second World War
because

because just off the coast out there
is

is a remarkable collection to our
wartime

wartime past.

-- remarkable connection. Pickford's

similarity

to the coastlines of northern France

will stop over several months in
1940

1940 4000 of troops stormed by land
sea

sea and air. The most, offensive of
visuals

visuals was a top secret rehearsal,
codenamed

codenamed exercise smash. Comprised
of

of four phases, each practising a
different

different element of the assault, it
would

would be the largest live fire
exercises

exercises World War II. The first
phase

phase would test a new way of
getting

getting tanks from the landing craft
out

out at sea to the shore. The landing
craft

craft were born reporter German
defensive

defensive fire, so they had to stay
quite

quite a long way out to sea off the
beach.

beach. That meant it was very
difficult

difficult to get tanks are sure to
support

support the infantry. The solution
was

was to create floating tanks. The
Valentine

Valentine tank was the most mass
produced

produced tank in Britain during the
Second

Second World War. The duplex tribe
was

was a modified amphibious version.
With

With a propeller to manoeuvre in
water

water and standard tracks to travel
on

on land. Its rubberised canvas
screen

screen could be raised by compressed
air

air to a height of around two
metres,

metres, forming a seal around the
tank

tank until the enemy from the
distance,

distance, it looked like a boat.
They

They could swim to shore under their
own

own power, roll up the beach and
then

then take on the German defences.
The

The novel craft had been in
development

development since 1942. The same
year

year that 17-year-old Albert Price
was

was assigned to the armoured Corps
for

for training on this top-secret
project.

project. Now 93, Albert is thought
to

to be the last survivor of exercise
smash.

smash. Hello, Albert. Hello. Very
nice

nice to meet you. He vividly
remembers

remembers the two years he spent
training

training before the exercise, that
nothing

nothing could have prepared Albert
for

for what would unfold. We had taken
to

to the beach where the tanks were
kept.

kept. Lowered onto the landing
craft,

craft, and loaded, go to shore, and
that's

that's it. The information given to
the

the participants is limited, and
especially

especially if you are using
hush-hush

hush-hush equipment like we were. On
April

April four, 1944 the first phase of
exercise

exercise smash got under way. Not
long

long into the exercise, the weather
conditions

conditions took a turn for the worse
and

and swell and winds picked up. The
tanks

tanks got separated all over the
place,

place, some took so much water and
they

they went straight to the bottom.
But,

But, in my case, we suddenly crashed
into

into a huge rock, and the tank
started

started to climb up it, and the sea
was

was quite rough, smashing about, and
it

it started moving backwards and
sideways,

sideways, we shouted, stop, stop, of
course

course it was stuck. After swimming
about

about a bit, and being bashed about
by

by this water, the sailors picked us
up,

up, took as ashore. And the tanks
stayed

stayed there? The tank stayed there.
Of

Of the 32 tanks launched, seven
sank.

sank. Albert was one of the lucky
ones.

ones. Six of his fellow soldiers
died.

died. The costly amphibious exercise
was

was seen as an embarrassment, and
was

was quickly hushed up. No one told
you

you anything? We weren't told
anything

anything about the rest of the tanks
or

or casualties, and we were just
given

given a shower and dried and off to
the

the bunkers. But we were told when
we

we went in, do not tell him what you
were

were doing, how it happened. All you
are

are going to do is tell him you
injured.

injured. Fortunately, that was a
happy

happy ending for us. We were saved.
When

When you think of others who had
been

been down there and are still there,
it

it is something you have to live
with.

with. It was not until the early
1970s

1970s when the documents on Exercise
Smash

Smash were declassified that the
tanks

tanks were found to be still sitting
on

on the sea bed at Studland Bay, and
of

of the seven tanks, two remain
intact

intact today.

So, tonight, we are really going to

be pushing the technological
envelope.

envelope. We have a team of divers
going

going down to the tank now, battling
tide

tide and time. The tides have been
very

very springy recently, Spring tides,
huge

huge variation, a huge amount of
water

water moving in and out of places
like

like Poole Harbour. We had divers
down

down earlier during a slack tide,
and

and the tide is slackening off over
the

the next half hour. I am hearing
that

that we don't have live footage now.
Scotty,

Scotty, our expert diver, apparently
he

he is being swept off the tank as we
speak,

speak, but he is battling to get
back

back onto it. So this is from
earlier

earlier today. Scotty is on his way
down

down so we will get a chance to see
him

him later on. This is earlier, and
this

this is the side of the tank of the
right-hand

right-hand side I think, without the
tracks

tracks on. This is your Valentine
tank,

tank, this is the very small compact
infantry

infantry support tank from the
Second

Second World War. The British Army
had

had the idea when war broke out that
they

they would use tanks like this to
move

move forward with infantry, which
meant

meant there were quite slow-moving
but

but they were quite heavily
armoured,

armoured, and they could perform
that

that job fairly well as infantry
support

support tanks will stop but as the
war

war went on, the demand for bigger
more

more powerful guns and speedier
tanks

tanks made sure these were basically
made,

made, well, almost obsolete by the
D-Day

D-Day landings of 1944, but they
were

were perfect for training on. These
were

were shots that were shot earlier
today

today in the slack tide. I hear that
Scotty

Scotty is trying to get down to the
turret

turret now and will bring us shots
of

of it. 8000 of these were made
during

during the war, a quarter of all
British

British wartime tank production.
They

They were perfect for the training
and

and the build-up to D-Day, but
Sherman

Sherman tanks were really used in
big

big numbers on D-Day and they were
twice

twice as fast, twice as heavy, they
could

could pack a bigger punch and had
twice

twice as thick armour as well but
these

these were used in Exercise Smash,
and

and as you can see, several of them
sang.

sang. I am hearing now that the team
of

of divers is hoping to get on that
as

as the tide slackens off over the
next

next few minutes, but in the
meantime

meantime we will come back to our
live

live tank. In the meantime, let's go
to

to Lucy who has all sorts of other
fascinating

fascinating artefacts that can link
us

us to this region's wonderful
maritime

maritime past. I do, Dan,
absolutely,

absolutely, some fantastic
artefacts,

artefacts, and angina, our resident
archaeologist,

archaeologist, and Pete William, who
has

has been diving this close to the
last

last 20 years who found these
extraordinary

extraordinary things. Thank you for
bringing

bringing this beauty in.

bringing this beauty in. -- and
Anjana.

Anjana. These all came off a ship
that

that sank 100 years ago, a
beautifully

beautifully built ship, all the
fittings

fittings were high end, really
nicely

nicely put together. Unfortunately
sank,

sank, torpedoed just off Swanage
about

about two miles off of Swanage, the
good

good side of it was the fact they
had

had loaded all of the cargo. It was
general

general cargo, nice luxury cargo,
but

but also personal effects for the
soldiers

soldiers who were returning to the
Australia.

Australia. The ship wished song
before

before it could pick the passengers
up,

up, so from a divers ponder view it
is

is kind of a perfect shipwrecked. No
tragedy

tragedy involved. Minimal tragedy
maximum

maximum treasure. That is a good way
of

of looking at it. First of all,
these

these beautiful bottles, which I can
admire

admire not only by the way they
look,

look, but I can smell them. You
wouldn't

wouldn't believe, these have got the
sweet

sweet perfume smell coming of these.
These

These must be of perfume bottles.
Anjana,

Anjana, have a smell. These must be
100

100 years old. It smells a bit like
my

my granny's talcum powder. She is
not

not going to be offended, is she?
They

They were silver, wax seal, when
they

they come up from the sea bed you
have

have to break the seal to let the
air

air out, that is the smell people
were

were wearing 100 years ago. They
smell

smell very nice 100 years ago.
Definitely

Definitely different but they still
smelt

smelt good. Just the quality of
these

these things, they look like they
are

are brand-new. Tell me about these
vases.

vases. These vases were down in the
silt,

silt, in the ship is my cold, quite
deep

deep down in the sort, so you find
them

them by field you don't see the
stuff.

stuff. Used are up the sort, so it
is

is all literally by feel. We found
this

this and thought it was a broken
man,

man, wobbled it a bit and out it
came,

came, but it back on board, washed
it

it down, and that was the quality it
was

was in. But inside one of these was
the

the porcelain nurse. Double bonus.
She

She was being transported on the
safety

safety of the vase and then two
weeks

weeks later this one was found, and
in

in this one was the little porcelain
soldier.

soldier. So they must have been
bought

bought by the same person. Somebody
taking

taking goes back to Australia. How
fantastic.

fantastic. My eye is drawn to the
slightly

slightly less, this peculiar, it
looks

looks like it could have come from
the

the Moon, if you didn't have what
looks

looks like a small pocket watch in
it.

it. This rock, what is it? I don't
know

know the proper term, but I call it
crud.

crud. It is as solid as a rock. That
is

is what Anjana is here, what is
crud?

crud? As a geologist and a
scientist,

scientist, we use all of our senses
to

to explore natural things like this,
so

so obviously it is a rough textured
rock,

rock, sometimes we can smell things
will

will stop it smells very oxidised,
the

the colour is very orange, so we
know

know something about it metallic is
oxidised.

oxidised. And we have hand lenses,
they

they are our greatest tool. We can
see

see the matrix, this is the majority
of

of the content that makes up the
rock,

rock, it is very fine grade. The
other

other thing I can see is broken
fragment

fragment and other small bits of
gravel

gravel -- fine grained. This is
forming

forming in an environment that has
been

been around with currents. We do see
that

that with Rex under the water. The
other

other thing that is really quite
interesting

interesting is that yes, the wreck
was

was often Alstom head, so we know
that

that the source rock is a limestone.
As

As that weathers and breaks down the
mud

mud will be formed from that source
rock,

rock, so it is alkaline in nature,
and

and essentially this cemented mud,
which

which is what it is at the bottom of
the

the sea bed, has formed around these
objects,

objects, providing it with the
protective

protective casing. That's fantastic,
so

so the sediment that has formed a
rabbit

rabbit has actually helped preserve
it

it in some way? Yes, and it is just
fantastic

fantastic to incidents. An hundred
million

million years' time, it would have
into

into its own rock in its own right,
a

a piece of history. Peter, do you
have

have a favourite? I have a lot but
for

for me it has to be the pen.

It is the inscription, not so much

the pen, it says the pen is made in
the

the USA during the war. "The" War. I
guess

guess these guys thought it would be
the

the last war. To me it has to be the
pen.

pen. The optimism in that. I have
never

never seen it before. We would hope
it

it was just the one war. These are
not

not the only treasures that can be
found

found under receive. Niall is that
the

the Discovery Centre. Selwyn
Williams

Williams has brought in an amazing
collection.

collection. You have been a
shipwreck

shipwreck diver 40 years? I am

collection. You have been a
shipwreck diver 40 years? I am

shipwreck diver 40 years? I am
afraid

afraid so, yes. These pieces I
really

really like. I believe this is a
piece

piece of eight. Yes, a Spanish-
American

American coin, eight reals. Where do
you

you find these? I found these
digging

digging off Chesil Beach. One came
out

out and I watched again and another
came

came out and we found several more.
Tell

Tell me about... The weight
determines

determines the value? Yes, the
weight

weight of the coin. There are pieces
of

of four which are half the weight.
The

The Americans used them as currency
when

when they split from the English.
What

What a fascinating find. Thank you
so

so much.

so much.
Lyme

Lyme Bay is looking particularly
inviting.

inviting. One or two brave souls out
for

for a swim. I might join them later.
Scotty,

Scotty, he is battling his way

for a swim. I might join them later.
Scotty, he is battling his way

Scotty, he is battling his way down.
He

He is confident he will be on the
rack.

rack. Of course, it might look
placid,

placid, but it can be a hostile
environment

environment and for ships, the more
hostile,

hostile, the closer they are to the
shore.

shore. Over the years, Lyme Bay has
become

become a

shore. Over the years, Lyme Bay has
become a

become a graveyard. Nigel, you have
plotted

plotted them on this magnificent
map.

map. Will have to Kyarra over there
Amber

Amber tanks over there. Why so many
shipwrecks?

shipwrecks? In Lyme Bay you have 379
shipwrecks

shipwrecks you can visit. 40 date
from

from the First World War. During the
First

First World War, the Admiralty asked
the

the shipping to go close to shore,
not

not in the shipping lanes, and it
amazed

amazed it an easy shooting ground
for

for U-boats. Many were sunk by
U-boats

U-boats in the First World War will
stop

stop if you include the ships known
to

to have gone down it will be almost
2000

2000 shipwrecks. From the days of
sale

sale and you have shipwrecks going
back

back to the 15th century. You

sale and you have shipwrecks going
back to the 15th century. You

back to the 15th century. You have
the

the tall ships, I suppose you get
prevailing

prevailing winds. Huge following
seas.

seas. And they wax straight into the
coastline?

coastline? They are trying to get
around

around Portland. Famously one of the
worst

worst stretches of water on the
planet.

planet. In a sailing boat you cannot
tack

tack out and you are driven on to
Chesil

Chesil Beach which accounts for
shipwrecks.

shipwrecks. Talk about this one.
That

That is the Formidable, sunk in 1915
on

on Christmas Eve. A crew of 740 and
530

530 drowned. When it sank, the
pinnacles,

pinnacles, the rescue ships got
blown

blown across the coast and some
ended

ended up on the beach at Lyme Regis
where

where one of the group who thought
to

to have died, was put in the more
cheery

cheery and the landlord's dog Lassie
came

came along and revive to the manned
by

by licking him on the face and
proved

proved he was not dead and that is
the

the basis allegedly for Bolasie
stories.

stories. January the 1st, so many
must

must have died from exposure -- of
the

the Lassie stories. This is the
oldest,

oldest, the nearest wreck. It is
called

called the Baygitano, sunk in 1917.
One

One crew was killed but when the
submarine

submarine sank it and the lifeboat
picked

picked up the crew, the submarine
surfaced

surfaced and

surfaced and asked them... Although
Portland

Portland was a naval base, the
submarines

submarines knew they could get away
with

with this because to fire up a
steamship,

steamship, a submarine or destroyer,
will

will take 12 hours, so they had
ample

ample time to torpedo and leave the
spot.

spot. There was no radar, sonar,
almost

almost impossible to detect at this
point

point a submarine under water so
they

they would have had free reign. It
was

was a virtual turkey shoot. The
tonnage

tonnage of the ships is considerable
and

and the amount of coal down there is
enough

enough to supply Birmingham with six
months

months of cold easily at this
period.

period. A lot of them bringing fuel
to

to supply the war effort. You might
think

think the coal, the oil, the nasty

to supply the war effort. You might
think the coal, the oil, the nasty

think the coal, the oil, the nasty
iron

iron and steel ships would not be a
good

good thing for marine wildlife, but
you

you would have to think again.
Tonight

Tonight we are looking at the
extraordinary

extraordinary history of the coast
and

and the hundreds of shipwrecks that
litter

litter Lyme Bay. These may signify
human

human disaster and tragedy, but they
are

are a positive impact on the natural
history,

history, because they have become a
haven

haven for Sea life seeking shelter.
This

This taken from the Adelaide. This
showcases

showcases the kind of diversity
these

these shipwrecks can draw from the
marine

marine life. The thing about life in
the

the sea, it is the reverse of life
on

on land where plants are stationary
and

and animals mobile. In the sea,
phytoplankton

phytoplankton is mobile and animals
such

such as coral and Barnacle are
fixed.

fixed. On a sandy sea bed a wreck
provides

provides these species with
something

something they can anchor onto and
do

do their fishing. And, of course,
these

these will attract predators, these
are

are great triggerfish which use
fantastic

fantastic beaks, a wonderful mouth
there,

there, they can give you a hard snip
because

because they can break through the
calcified

calcified shells of molluscs and eat
the

the insides. These will show in
their

their hundreds to protect themselves
from

from the tides. And a lobster, they
love

love shipwrecks because they can
hide

hide in nooks and crannies and they
do

do that during the day. This is
huge,

huge, look at the size of the
clause.

clause. And they will attract other
predators,

predators, such as ambush

clause. And they will attract other
predators, such as ambush

predators, such as ambush predators
like

like this cuttlefish. That has
caught

caught a lobster already. And
cuttlefish

cuttlefish of course also like to
lay

lay eggs on shipwrecks. They are the
nurseries

nurseries for fish and they have
these

these different ways to attract and
maintain

maintain diversity of marine life
and

and in these days where we are
concerned

concerned about the health of
oceans,

oceans, the shipwrecks are
important.

important. I am thrilled to hear
that

that and thrills that the tank might
fulfil

fulfil that role because that is
wreck.

wreck. We have an update on Scotty,
I

I wish you could meet him, he is as
wonderful

wonderful as I suggest. We must
bring

bring him in tomorrow so you could
meet

meet him. He is fighting his way to
the

the shipwreck. They have broken the
line

line that connects it to the
surface,

surface, but they are trying to
reattach

reattach the line. Massive drama. It
is.

is. But we will play use shores
begot

begot earlier during the perfectly
smooth

smooth rehearsal we had during the
slack

slack tide earlier. This is the
wreck,

wreck, slightly earlier. We will use
it

it as the wildlife really. That is a
bib,

bib, I think. It looks like there is
algae

algae and a lot of life growing on
there.

there. It is doing its job for local
fauna

fauna and flora. The conditions are
very

very clear at the moment, despite
turbulent

turbulent conditions recently. What
is

is that? That is a common lobster,
fantastic.

fantastic. Good. The divers who have
been

been on there in the past have told
me...

me... There is a conger eel that
made

made it home. You have dived it and
met

met this conger eel. They are
amazing

amazing because they can grow up to
almost

almost three metres long and live a
long

long time. They can be incredibly
aggressive.

aggressive. And they are
territorial.

territorial. I think one of the
divers

divers had an incident with his
fingers

fingers when he put his hand in the
hatch

hatch of the tank. That is
fantastic.

fantastic. I'm glad to bring you
those

those pictures from earlier and we
are

are doing our best to reattach the
line

line and get on the tank tonight.
Scotty

Scotty is doing heroic work and
speaking

speaking of heroic work, no
discussion

discussion would be complete without
talking

talking about smugglers. They were
rife

rife in the 18th and 19th centuries
and

and Daniel Defoe said the reigning
occupation

occupation from the River Thames to
end

end was roguing and smuggling.
Smuggling

Smuggling was not particularly
violent

violent or involving theft, it
involved

involved bringing goods tax-free
from

from the continent to Britain. This
was

was because in those days it was
before

before income tax was introduced and
the

the government made most of its
money

money on luxury goods like tobacco
and

and brandy from France so they could
bring

bring getting tax-free and stood to
make

make a lot of money and you found
out

out about it. What was the best
thing

thing about the investigation, it
started

started in a pub!

There has been an inn at Osmington

Mills is the 13th entry and it was
often

often the first port of call for
smugglers

smugglers bringing contraband from
the

the beach.

smugglers bringing contraband from
the beach.

the beach. Many people did not
consider

consider smuggling a crime. It was
free

free trade and whole communities
were

were involved, men, women, even
children,

children, either happy to turn a
blind

blind eye, happy to help the network
in

in exchange for extra cash, or just
delighted

delighted to be enjoying cheap
contraband.

contraband. Thank you. Like many who
live

live here today, local historian
Roger

Roger is a descendant of smugglers.
What

What quantities were smuggled? Huge
quantities.

quantities. There are reports from
the

the Customs service on Bournemouth
beach

beach alone of 80,000 gallons of
brandy

brandy a year coming ashore and a
report

report commissioned by the
government

government in 1784 estimated of
wine,

wine, spirits and tea and tobacco,
between

between two thirds and four fifths
consumed

consumed nationwide was contraband
and

and so it became the norm to consume
contraband

contraband and the exception to pay
duty.

duty. Where were the goods coming
from?

from? Brandy, wine, lace from
France,

France, gin from Holland and the low
countries,

countries, tea and silk from the
East

East Indies. Tobacco and rum from
the

the Caribbean. What kind of profits
could

could be made? The profits were
huge.

huge. Brandy you might be able to
buy

buy a barrel for L1 and sell it for
L4.

L4. What started with simple cash
transactions

transactions soon evolved into
something

something more sophisticated. The
fledgling

fledgling high-street banks saw an
opportunity

opportunity to make money by giving
high

high interest loans to bones at the
top

top of the smuggling chain. By 1671,
the

the British Government had had
enough

enough and the board of customs was
created

created to try to stop the illicit
trade.

trade. Officials were stationed in
villages

villages to watch over the coastal
paths

paths and patrol the seas. Those
that

that specialised in smuggling liquor
were

were known as flaskers. How did the
smugglers

smugglers stay one step ahead? As
they

they came across the channel they
would

would rope together 40- 60 tubs and
if

if there was a threat of danger and
often

often they would be warned by an
accomplice,

accomplice, they could throw them
overboard

overboard and each raft of tops
would

would have a weight to sink them
below

below the surface, and a very
discreet

discreet float or marker. Did
throwing

throwing barrels overboard have a
name?

name? It was known as sewing the
crop

crop and a lot of the smugglers were
fish

fish are men so they could
legitimately

legitimately go out as fishermen in
order

order to reclaim the crop. Very
cunning.

cunning. Up until now, the smugglers
had

had largely managed to stay one step
ahead

ahead of the authorities, but in
1822,

1822, they lost their advantage. His
Majesty's

Majesty's coastguard was created
with

with the objective of preventing
smuggling

smuggling and, as records show, it
was

was almost immediately successful.

This is one of the calendars of

prisoners of Dorchester jail, the
county

county jail, in nearly 19 century
and

and all sorts of crimes are listed.
This

This is from 1814, five smugglers in
that

that year, and there are two of
them,

them, Edward Marshalsea, he was aged
48,

48, his crime was conveying smuggled
brandy.

brandy. But he didn't get
prosecuted.

prosecuted. There must've been a
lack

lack of evidence for reason. This
was

was 1814 before the Coast Guard,
what

what happens before they arrive on
the

the scene? If we move forward to
1824,

1824, there were 45 smugglers that
year,

year, there are five in a row all
for

for smuggling, all arrested on the
same

same day, so I imagine it was the
same

same run of contraband and three of
them

them were women. It wasn't just a
male

male preserve. Susan Symes, age 46
from

from Bridport to be imprisoned. So
these

these were prosecuted as well. Most
of

of them were, most of them spent at
least

least six months in jail. And
Margaret

Margaret Randall, she was 65. Good
for

for her! CHUCKLING
Yeah!

Yeah! These records indicate a
spectacular

spectacular rise in the number of
smugglers

smugglers arriving in Dorchester
jailed,

jailed, 24 times as many. So this is
the

the start of them losing the war. It
is,

is, really.

Beautiful view from up here.

Beautiful view from up here. You can

just about I think see a bit of
Devon

Devon there, stretching all the way
through

through to Portland Bill over there.
And

And somewhere out there just beyond
Portland

Portland Bill, Scotty is still
battling

battling with the monsters of the
deep.

deep. Unbelievable, give that man a
medal.

medal. What is remarkable about this
as

as it gives you the sense of the
geography

geography of smuggling, because the
government

government are quite easy at
clamping

clamping down on smuggling town, so
places

places like shamus became important,
where

where locals could get smuggled
staff

staff over the beach, the vagaries
of

of wind and tide made sure local
knowledge

knowledge was very important here.
You

You could only enter the river at

certain times and they could sneak
in,

in, only the local fishermen really
knew

knew that. That is why the
authorities

authorities started building in
wonderful

wonderful cup points like this
buildings

buildings like this. This dates from
1804,

1804, it is a lookout point, it was
used

used by the revenue and excise keep
an

an eye on the locals. This one
proved

proved very adept at cutting off the
flow

flow of brandy to this particular
place.

place. Killjoys. Do you want to know
something?

something? Why uncle was a Coast
Guard

Guard for 50 years. Was he saving
lives

lives and that side of it or was
still

still involved in anti-smuggling? Up
until

until about ten years ago, so I
don't

don't know if he was involved in
capturing

capturing smugglers, but I know he
was

was a big fan of metal detecting and
he

he wishes to take me out metal
detecting,

detecting, which I absolutely loved.
He

He found all sorts of fantastic
coins

coins and treasures. Neil has been
receiving

receiving your treasures all day.
Let's

Let's go and check out what he has
been

been finding. In the discovery
centre

centre here we are surrounded by
amazing

amazing items people have brought
in.

in. I am with Henry, who has brought
a

a particularly interesting item. So
this

this is a fragment of a World War II
dog

dog tag, which belonged to a US
soldier,

soldier, which we think was
stationed

stationed in the area I live just
before

before D-Day. See you out
beachcombing

beachcombing and you sort of, it
caught

caught your eye? Yes, we were
looking

looking for shells and the like. I
must

must show the view is quite how
fragile

fragile this is. If you look at
this,

this, it is really, really
paper-thin.

paper-thin. And actually quite a lot
of

of it has degraded, so what
information

information have we got from this?
We

We were really lucky with the
information

information that remains. We were
able

able to get the soldier's name,
Bernard

Bernard Sandler. The surname is
missing,

missing, but the serial number is
the

the list of numbers you see there.
And

And we can just see the last letter
is

is missing and that is the key. You
put

put that number into Google, and
that

that is how you got the identity of
the

the guy? Yes, that the help of
social

social media. We were fortunate
enough

enough to have people on social
media

media who were into this
particular...

particular... And that sort of
process

process has told us quite a lot
about

about Bernard's life, what do we
know?

know? We were able to festival get
his

his name from the serial number, he
was

was on the 29th division of US
infantry,

infantry, Bernard Sandler. Did he
survive

survive the war, because dog tags
left

left over are not always a great
sign?

sign? I am happy to say he did, he
landed

landed in Normandy on D-Day, who was
injured

injured as part of the D-Day
landings

landings but he was able to fight on
and

and survive the war and get back to
the

the US. So he got back to the US,
and

and using social media you have
actually

actually been able to trace members
of

of his family, is that correct?
Absolutely,

Absolutely, lucky enough to have a
friend

friend of a friend who is an amateur
genealogist

genealogist who has traced lost dog
tags

tags before the was able to find
living

living relatives of Bernard Sandler,
in

in fact his daughter, Lesley. And
there

there is more good news? Yes, so
after

after Phil's detective work, getting
in

in touch with family, they were
thrilled

thrilled to find out about the
discovery

discovery and I am happy to say they
got

got a trip down to the UK land in
autumn,

autumn, and they are going to take
you

you back to its rightful home. Such
a

a lovely end to what could have been
quite

quite a tragic story. That is what
is

is really remarkable about
beachcombing.

beachcombing. Thank you so much,
Henry.

Henry. I love this piece. Albert
Price,

Price, our detriment of Exercise
Smash.

Smash. He was on one of the
Valentine

Valentine tanks that sunk that
night,

night, that day. What is interesting
is

is the diet that is supposed to be
going

going on tonight and was happening
this

this morning is actually just the
latest

latest of a series of dives
stretching

stretching back way over a fortnight
now,

now, where we are trying to identify
each

each individual tank that sunk off
Studland.

Studland. I was lucky enough to join
the

the crew on one of the earlier
dives.

I'm heading out with the aisle of

Purbeck sub Aqua club, who are
hoping

hoping to find out more about the
sunken

sunken tanks. Today's mission is to
serve

serve the mare survey the
characteristics

characteristics that should provide
which

which mark of tank lies on the sea
floor.

floor. Local diver Nick Reed has
been

been researching the types of
Valentine

Valentine tanks used in Exercise
Smash.

Smash. He has an inkling the one
we're

we're heading down to today could be
Albert's.

Albert's. Nick, we couldn't ask for
better

better conditions, what is the plan
today?

today? What Chris and I are doing
today

today is going down, we want a Texan
basic

basic measurements to confirm this
is

is the mark mine. We will go down,
have

have a look of the tracks and
particularly

particularly this area to see if we
can

can see the machine gun. If it is a
machine

machine gun, it is not Albert's. If
it

it isn't a machine gun, it could be
Albert's.

Albert's. Everybody happy? OK, we
will

will start the dive. Away you go,
Dan.

The tanks lie 15 metres down, and

just a few minutes into the dive,
they

they emerge from the depths. Great
visibility

visibility can from one end of the
tank

tank to the next. The tank is in
remarkable

remarkable condition. Its main
armament,

armament, still clearly visible, and
the

the tracks still attached to the
wheels

wheels on one side.

But it is time for the survey work

to begin. The dimensions of the gun
offers

offers clues to the mark of the
tank.

tank. So Nick and his team measured
its

its length and diameter. They are
also

also looking for the presence, or
absence,

absence, of an ancillary machine
gun.

The team will need to continue their

survey work over the summer to be
sure

sure this is a Mark nine.

Well, that was the most complete

wreck I've ever died on. You go down
there

there and there is just a tank
sitting

sitting on the bottom of Dorset
beach,

beach, and you can see some of the
tracks

tracks are still on it, the wheels,
some

some of them are still intact, some
of

of them have fallen to the sea bed,
but

but it has become beautiful reef,
and

and it is mixed emotions, because
you

you can see the vehicle that Albert
could

could have been on, and 75 years
later

later he has told me the story of
that

that day. But you also think about
the

the young men who were trapped in
those

those tanks as they sank on that
exercise,

exercise, and who paid the ultimate
price.

Well, this is where we were hoping

to bring you live footage of that
dive,

dive, the team are out there, Scotty
is

is still trying, but unfortunately
they

they are not down on that tank yet.
Nick,

Nick, good to see you again, I knew
a

a bit worried about your guys out
there?

there? It is a shame, isn't it? The
guys

guys we have out there are probably
two

two of the most experienced, but
yes,

yes, we are just coming of spring
tides,

tides, so it was always a hard ask,
but

but definitely worth the risk. Just
explain,

explain, when you saw the pictures
of

of surveying, what is the critical
thing

thing we are trying to measure? What
we

we are looking for is, there are two
types

types of tank on the sea bed at the
moment,

moment, there is a Mark nine and a
Mark

Mark 11. What we are trying to
identify

identify is which one is which.
Services

Services footage from earlier today,
we

we have got the gun, the turret, we
should

should say it is not facing forward,
it

it is facing over the engine
compartment,

compartment, because when they went
on

on to the beach there are going
backwards,

backwards, as it were, the guns.
What

What is important about that gun,
what

what do we need to clarify about it?
The

The gun on the Mark mine was a L6,
so

so slightly smaller than the Mark
11,

11, and the other key factor is the
marked

marked nine -- a L6.

Six LB. The idea was to keep quite

compact and quite low, but the crew
of

of three must have been very
squashed

squashed in there. I have been lucky

enough to sit in one of these tanks,
and

and I have severed respect for those
guys.

guys. I struggled to get in, so
actually

actually to get in and out in battle
dress

dress in real life... And we have a
Mark

Mark 11 coming up as well. You can
see

see the gun is much bigger. And the
machine

machine gun beside it. Yes, that is
really

really identifiable, the tanks were
survey

survey underwater, first thing we
look

look for, machine gun. And the
length

length is different as well. The
Mark

Mark 11 has a 75 millimetre gun and
it

it is a little bit longer, but
definitely

definitely different. The survey in
team

team have been doing that over the
last

last couple of weeks, they were
meant

meant to be down doing it now. We
know

know that Albert was on a Mark nine.
Yes.

Yes. That is one of the things he
said

said when he interviewed him, I was
on

on a Mark nine. Because we discussed
what

what type of gun he had on his tank.
One

One of the theories that they all
sang,

sang, they were all Mark 11s, but
not

not quite. So how far through the
survey,

survey, have you managed to identify
all

all the other vehicles down there?
We

We have just about confirmed all of
them,

them, and we have four Mark 11s and
three

three Mark nines. It would be nice
to

to that dive tonight. It is not over
yet,

yet, we have a few minutes left. If
any

any of them get down there, fingers
crossed.

crossed. We are going to catch up on
some

some of the things you have been
sending

sending in with Lucy. Wagg yes, you
have

have been sending us some fabulous
footage

footage and photos of coastal
wildlife.

wildlife. I will introduce now one
of

of my favourites because it is such
a

a fantastically weird beast. It is a
sunfish

sunfish that was sent in by Andrea
Moore,

Moore, and it was filmed just here
in

in Dorset. Oft Preston beach just
last

last week. These are some visitors
to

to the south-west of the UK
particularly

particularly in June and July, and
they

they really are strange creatures,
because

because they are sort of huge, flat
fish.

fish. They grow to about three
metres

metres tall. They are very strange,
big

big freaks, a bit like you, Dan!
LAUGHTER

Very good. I have a question to you,

what has a bank, the Cenotaph, what
has

has the UN plaza in New York, and
what

what has the fountain in Mumbai, the
floral

floral mount Fountain in Mumbai all
got

got in common? I don't know. They
are

are all built from the remarkable
wonder

wonder material that is Portland
stone.

stone. Quarried from just over
there,

there, it is one of the most sought
after

after building stones in the world.
I

I wanted to go and find out why so I
paid

paid them a little visit.

The Isle of Portland lies at the

southernmost tip of Dorset. A tiny
peninsula

peninsula measuring just 11.5 square
kilometres.

kilometres. This great slab of
limestone

limestone was laid down 145 million
years

years ago in the late Jurassic, when
Britain

Britain was further south, round
about

about the same latitude as Morocco
is

is now. Back then, the climate was
warm,

warm, and this was the bottom of a
shallow

shallow subtropical see.

How did this limestone rock form?

Win sea water warms it loses the
ability

ability to hold carbon dioxide and
as

as that carbon dioxide is released
the

the calcium suspended in the water
combines

combines to form calcium carbonate
in

in much the same as a boiling kettle
produces

produces limescale. This calcium
carbonate

carbonate settled on the sea bed in
layers.

layers. And over millions of years
solidified

solidified into sedimentary
limestone

limestone rock, now the basis of a
thriving

thriving stone industry.

thriving stone industry. For
sentries,

sentries, Quine relied on brute
force

force and hard work and compound of
lasts

lasts hammers and wedges used to
spit

spit the stone. -- gunpowder blasts.
It

It could take men a single day to
extract

extract a ten tonne block. Several
stone

stone producers on Portland, Albion
stone

stone is the largest. Mark is in
charge

charge of all the mining here.
Welcome

Welcome to Portland. It seems
familiar.

familiar. You must have built every
building

building in Britain! Barely a street
in

in the City of London without our
stone.

stone. How long can people be
quarrying

quarrying here? We know the Romans
exploited

exploited the stone. Stone
extraction

extraction of the quarry has been
revolutionised

revolutionised as the industry has
moved

moved to deep underground, from the
surface.

surface. It is massive down here,
bigger

bigger than expected. We have
Portland

Portland stone, limestone up to the
roof

roof and above the roof a different
type

type of limestone. This was laid
down

down in a different environment. You
are

are carefully mining out the good
stuff?

stuff? Absolutely and leaving the
stuff

stuff that is no good behind in the
roof.

roof. At this quarry site, Mark and
his

his team extract more than 20,000
tonnes

tonnes a year. With almost five
kilometres

kilometres of subterranean tunnels
that

that are advancing by 20 metres
every

every week, this is quarrying on a
massive

massive scale. How long have you
been

been working this? We have been here
ten

ten years, starting in late 2008.
There

There has been a lot of rock coming
out

out of here. That crack looks
brutal,

brutal, will it fall on us? The
cracks

cracks existed before we mind, we
have

have just mind through them and we
support

support them, put straps and bolts
around

around them and work with them. It
has

has been their millions of years? It
has,

has, caused by tectonic stretching
of

of the ground. The stone that once
filled

filled these tunnels has gone on to
be

be used in prestigious construction
projects

projects in the UK and around the
world.

world. Why does Portland stone make
fantastic

fantastic building material? One is
the

the fact it is white in colour and
available

available in big sizes. It can be
easily

easily cut and work and is strong
enough

enough to resist the weather and
another

another popular feature is the fact
it

it often has fossils Inc and you can
see

see in this section a number of
bivalves.

bivalves. These animals were alive
back

back in the late Jurassic, they have
since

since become buried and incorporated
into

into the stone. What about the roof?
Why

Why do you leave it? The rock in the
roof

roof is limestone but formed in a
lagoon

lagoon environment. We know it is a
dirt

dirt bed because we find evidence of
fossil

fossil trees in the rocks above. But
rubbish

rubbish for building? No good for
building

building but it is a great roof. At
today's

today's working face this technology
has

has revolutionised stone extraction
on

on Portland with Italian stone
cutting

cutting technology designed for
Tuscany's

Tuscany's marble quarries. The
diamond

diamond tipped chainsaws make light
work

work of the rocks, cutting a 20
tonne

tonne block in just 12 hours. A far
cry

cry from the labour-intensive
methods

methods of old. After a series of
cutss,

cutss, an inflatable bag is inserted
and

and filled with water, pressurised,
and

and the force displaces the rock,
enabling

enabling it to be taken away for
processing.

processing. One of the best things
about

about coming here is learning how
the

the stone was formed. It was
Jurassic

Jurassic sea bed and now it is a
wonder

wonder material, loved all over the
world.

I am back with Anjana and we have

fantastic quarry finds. Not from
Portland

Portland but from around the coast
on

on the Isle of Purbeck. People are
familiar

familiar with calcified fossils

on the Isle of Purbeck. People are
familiar with calcified fossils

familiar with calcified fossils but
this

this is special. It looks peculiar,
but

but it is fossilised wood. How does
soft

soft cellular tissue, how would
these

these trees become fossilised what
does

does it tell us about the
environment?

environment? I will take you back in
time

time 140 million years and imagine
we

we are ankle-deep in a salt lake and
surrounded

surrounded by trees. What happens is
the

the briny water, the trees are
soaking

soaking it up and eventually what
will

will happen to the poor old tree,
the

the briny water is not healthy for
it

it and it will topple and fall into
the

the lagoon. Eventually, the cellular
structure

structure will be replaced by briny
solution.

solution. It has a preservative
nature

nature and over time, as the tree
becomes

becomes fossilised, not only is it
buried

buried in rock but the cellular
structure

structure is preserved because of
this

this solution. And how it is
preserved,

preserved, this is almost like
holding

holding a piece of wood but the
detail

detail is just amazing. What kind of
tree

tree would this have been? In the
Purbeck

Purbeck beds we get ancient species
of

of juniper or Cyprus, which were
interesting

interesting trees and you still see
them

them today, if you go to the
Mediterranean

Mediterranean you see these types of
trees

trees are still alive which is
extraordinary,

extraordinary, how they have
survived

survived the dinosaurs. There are
not

not enough props given to the trees
because

because they were there before the
dinosaurs

dinosaurs and they are still here.
We

We have a forest of juniper, a swamp
and

and we also have a another fantastic
five

five from Purbeck which is amazing,
because

because it is a huge footprint. If
we

we go back in time to 140 million
years

years ago, it was not a tranquil
place

place to be at the lagoon because of
these

these beasts and this is a beautiful
footprint

footprint from a medallist Saul, a
dinosaur

dinosaur that dominated the
environment,

environment, nine metres tall, a
ferocious

ferocious meat eater and would have
fed

fed on smaller dinosaurs in the
forested

forested areas but he was a
contender,

contender, the top of his tree. The
megalasaur

megalasaur is a theropods, which are
exciting

exciting because they are ancestors
of

of birds. You could say that is a
thorough

thorough pod. One over there, all
around

around us still! And what other
creatures

creatures might have been
languishing?

languishing? It was a rich
environment

environment for species of lagoons
and

and you will be aware of alligators
and

and crocodiles and in that period
there

there was a strange creature and
over

over in Purbeck, somebody I know
found

found a beautiful skull and if you
can

can see it and get to the County
Museum

Museum in Dorchester, they have a
beautiful

beautiful specimen of that
creature's

creature's skull. Now I think... I
think

think we have contacts with the
boat.

boat. We can see how we

think we have contacts with the
boat. We can see how we

boat. We can see how we are getting
on

on with Dan.
I'm

I'm afraid that is not true. We have
contact

contact with the boat but the dive
had

had to be cancelled. Scottie did all
he

he could and as a result he is
coming

coming on the show tomorrow to talk
us

us through exactly what happens.
Unfortunately

Unfortunately it did not work out. I
had

had been looking forward to doing a
live

live dive on this stretch of coast
for

for months and we now cannot quite
conclude

conclude Albert's story. But the
work

work you're done, the measuring of
the

the tank, there is other evidence
you

you have acted take into account. It
is

is the position of the tanks. We
know

know where the seven are and plotted
them.

them. Albert mentioned he seemed to
hit

hit an obstacle, he thought it was a
rock.

rock. You tipped and must have been
near

near a navigational hazard. There
are

are no rocks apart from the training
bank

bank sticking out and when the tanks
were

were launched, it would probably
have

have put them straight onto the
training

training bank during the exercise. I
am

am certain he hit the training bank.
It

It is then whether he drifted south
or

or to the east and that is one of
the

the things we have to check over the
next

next couple of months. It would have
been

been nice to get a conclusive answer
on

on the dive tonight. From the work
you

you have done, do you think it could
have

have been Albert's Tang? It is
definitely

definitely a mark nine. We
identified

identified three tanks so it is this
one

one or two macro others. That is
something,

something, Albert, 75 years ago your
tanker

tanker sank and there is a good
probability

probability that one we almost dived
on

on today is yours. Thank you, all
the

the best and good luck with the rest
of

of the summer and the build-up to
the

the 75 year anniversary of D-Day and
Smash.

Smash.
We

We have time for your amazing
wildlife

wildlife finds. This has been sent
in

in other bottlenosed dolphin. That
was

was taken from an Exmouth lifeboat,
out

out training when the Dolphin came
out

out bow riding with them. Roger
Jackson

Jackson sent maps.

Jackson sent maps. Really fantastic
--

-- centre that. And we have a tank.
Dan

Dan is back just in time. I can't
talk

talk about that but you can. This is
in

in Norfolk. It used to be a firing
range

range and this I think is a Crusader
tank

tank and was used after the war. We
have

have also got the cannon balls back
and

and we have weighed and measured
them

them and they

them and they are 24 pounds. These
were

were substantial. HMS victory had a
lot

lot of these at Trafalgar. It could
have

have been shore batteries, as well.
Before

Before the Battle of Trafalgar, a
wonderful

wonderful piece of history, but we
will

will not know how they ended up on
this

this beach. You have told is a lot
more

more than we knew at the start of
the

the show. We have got coming up
tomorrow

tomorrow night, what are you doing?
Tomorrow

Tomorrow we have more history. So
much

much history we will go back
millions

millions of years because we will
look

look at the wonderful prehistoric
story

story of this stretch of coastline.
We

We will be doing a beach wide
fossils

fossils search, trying to uncover
some

some of the extraordinary creatures
that

that lived here 190 million years
ago.

ago. And I will check back with
Chris

Chris Moore, resident fossil expert,
about

about the challenge we set on
Tuesday.

Tuesday. I am looking forward to
that.

that. See you tomorrow.