Original subtitles

check out this map of the Arctic from

check out this map of the Arctic from

check out this map of the Arctic from the 16th century there are four major

the 16th century there are four major

the 16th century there are four major land masses surrounding a polar sea with

land masses surrounding a polar sea with

land masses surrounding a polar sea with a massive magnetic rock in its Center

a massive magnetic rock in its Center

a massive magnetic rock in its Center called rupus Negra Latin words for

called rupus Negra Latin words for

called rupus Negra Latin words for BlackRock

BlackRock

BlackRock if we do a quick search through

if we do a quick search through

if we do a quick search through raremaps.com's massive inventory for

raremaps.com's massive inventory for

raremaps.com's massive inventory for more like it we find dozens of similar

more like it we find dozens of similar

more like it we find dozens of similar depictions

depictions

depictions here is one by Dutch cartographer

here is one by Dutch cartographer

here is one by Dutch cartographer cornelis deota in 1593 another from one

cornelis deota in 1593 another from one

cornelis deota in 1593 another from one of the founders of the Dutch East India

of the founders of the Dutch East India

of the founders of the Dutch East India Company Petrus plantius in 1594 and one

Company Petrus plantius in 1594 and one

Company Petrus plantius in 1594 and one last example Abraham ortalia says 1570

last example Abraham ortalia says 1570

last example Abraham ortalia says 1570 world map and what is considered the

world map and what is considered the

world map and what is considered the first modern Atlas

first modern Atlas

first modern Atlas so where did these depictions originate

so where did these depictions originate

so where did these depictions originate just as Tara Australis and the South

just as Tara Australis and the South

just as Tara Australis and the South this mysterious land to the north can be

this mysterious land to the north can be

this mysterious land to the north can be traced back to ancient Greek writers

traced back to ancient Greek writers

traced back to ancient Greek writers it was called hyperborea which Loosely

it was called hyperborea which Loosely

it was called hyperborea which Loosely translates to Beyond The North Wind

translates to Beyond The North Wind

translates to Beyond The North Wind these ancient writers didn't unanimously

these ancient writers didn't unanimously

these ancient writers didn't unanimously agree on everything about hyperborea

agree on everything about hyperborea

agree on everything about hyperborea including its location other than it was

including its location other than it was

including its location other than it was to the north

to the north

to the north one of the Legends was that the sun rose

one of the Legends was that the sun rose

one of the Legends was that the sun rose in set just once a year indicating that

in set just once a year indicating that

in set just once a year indicating that it was somewhere within the Arctic

it was somewhere within the Arctic

it was somewhere within the Arctic Circle despite this it was also said to

Circle despite this it was also said to

Circle despite this it was also said to enjoy a moderate climate some of its

enjoy a moderate climate some of its

enjoy a moderate climate some of its other characteristics included having

other characteristics included having

other characteristics included having strong connections to Apollo and being

strong connections to Apollo and being

strong connections to Apollo and being home to people as tall as 10 feet they

home to people as tall as 10 feet they

home to people as tall as 10 feet they could live to be a thousand years old

could live to be a thousand years old

could live to be a thousand years old it was allegedly nearly invaded by an

it was allegedly nearly invaded by an

it was allegedly nearly invaded by an army of 10 million men from a

army of 10 million men from a

army of 10 million men from a neighboring Island but the Army turned

neighboring Island but the Army turned

neighboring Island but the Army turned back when they realized the hyperboreans

back when they realized the hyperboreans

back when they realized the hyperboreans could not be defeated that's more than

could not be defeated that's more than

could not be defeated that's more than five times the number of soldiers that

five times the number of soldiers that

five times the number of soldiers that landed in Normandy in the first three

landed in Normandy in the first three

landed in Normandy in the first three days of the Allied invasion in World War

days of the Allied invasion in World War

days of the Allied invasion in World War II which is generally accepted as the

II which is generally accepted as the

II which is generally accepted as the largest Seabourn invasion in history

largest Seabourn invasion in history

largest Seabourn invasion in history two thousand years later there were

two thousand years later there were

two thousand years later there were still stories about a mythical land to

still stories about a mythical land to

still stories about a mythical land to the north though some things had changed

the north though some things had changed

the north though some things had changed let's go back to that first map shown

let's go back to that first map shown

let's go back to that first map shown which is the most well known it was

which is the most well known it was

which is the most well known it was created by someone you've probably heard

created by someone you've probably heard

created by someone you've probably heard of even if you don't recognize the name

of even if you don't recognize the name

of even if you don't recognize the name you're at least familiar with his work

you're at least familiar with his work

you're at least familiar with his work his name is gerardus Mercator he's known

his name is gerardus Mercator he's known

his name is gerardus Mercator he's known for his famous projection created for

for his famous projection created for

for his famous projection created for navigation that makes Greenland look

navigation that makes Greenland look

navigation that makes Greenland look like the size of Africa it's also

like the size of Africa it's also

like the size of Africa it's also commonly used in classrooms and by

commonly used in classrooms and by

commonly used in classrooms and by navigational apps like Google Maps

navigational apps like Google Maps

navigational apps like Google Maps however as you can see on his world map

however as you can see on his world map

however as you can see on his world map it would have been difficult to use for

it would have been difficult to use for

it would have been difficult to use for navigation in the Arctic region though

navigation in the Arctic region though

navigation in the Arctic region though he did make a more accurately depicted

he did make a more accurately depicted

he did make a more accurately depicted Arctic region as an inset

Arctic region as an inset

Arctic region as an inset but trade had been increasing over the

but trade had been increasing over the

but trade had been increasing over the 16th century between Europe and the East

16th century between Europe and the East

16th century between Europe and the East Indies and it was a long journey between

Indies and it was a long journey between

Indies and it was a long journey between them

them

them the route at the time was south and

the route at the time was south and

the route at the time was south and around Africa a Northeast passage could

around Africa a Northeast passage could

around Africa a Northeast passage could reduce shipping times to and from the

reduce shipping times to and from the

reduce shipping times to and from the East Indies from two years or more to

East Indies from two years or more to

East Indies from two years or more to about six months it would also help

about six months it would also help

about six months it would also help avoid many hazards such as run-ins with

avoid many hazards such as run-ins with

avoid many hazards such as run-ins with rival Nations wear and tear on ships

rival Nations wear and tear on ships

rival Nations wear and tear on ships tropical diseases and the still

tropical diseases and the still

tropical diseases and the still mysterious disease scurvy one in five

mysterious disease scurvy one in five

mysterious disease scurvy one in five ships and one in three employees of the

ships and one in three employees of the

ships and one in three employees of the Dutch East India Company never came back

Dutch East India Company never came back

Dutch East India Company never came back from the round Africa route

from the round Africa route

from the round Africa route with the growing interest Mercator

with the growing interest Mercator

with the growing interest Mercator dedicated a map to the Arctic which was

dedicated a map to the Arctic which was

dedicated a map to the Arctic which was actually published by his son rumored

actually published by his son rumored

actually published by his son rumored Mercator in 1595 the year after

Mercator in 1595 the year after

Mercator in 1595 the year after gerardus's death

gerardus's death

gerardus's death it's also the first Standalone map of

it's also the first Standalone map of

it's also the first Standalone map of the Arctic region

the Arctic region

the Arctic region Mercator and probably other

Mercator and probably other

Mercator and probably other cartographers going at least as far back

cartographers going at least as far back

cartographers going at least as far back as 1492 got their information from a

as 1492 got their information from a

as 1492 got their information from a book titled itinerarium which was

book titled itinerarium which was

book titled itinerarium which was written by Jacobus noyan this book

written by Jacobus noyan this book

written by Jacobus noyan this book summarized a travelogue titled inventio

summarized a travelogue titled inventio

summarized a travelogue titled inventio fortunata meaning Fortune discovery

fortunata meaning Fortune discovery

fortunata meaning Fortune discovery this book was by a 14th century

this book was by a 14th century

this book was by a 14th century Franciscan Friar and mathematician who

Franciscan Friar and mathematician who

Franciscan Friar and mathematician who claimed to have explored the region in

claimed to have explored the region in

claimed to have explored the region in 1360 on behalf of Edward III of England

1360 on behalf of Edward III of England

1360 on behalf of Edward III of England Johannes Rouse cited inventio fortunata

Johannes Rouse cited inventio fortunata

Johannes Rouse cited inventio fortunata on his 1507 world map

on his 1507 world map

on his 1507 world map but Jacobus noyan never actually saw

but Jacobus noyan never actually saw

but Jacobus noyan never actually saw this book he received this information

this book he received this information

this book he received this information from a priest who said he had met the

from a priest who said he had met the

from a priest who said he had met the author of infantia fortunata when the

author of infantia fortunata when the

author of infantia fortunata when the man gave him an astrolabe in exchange

man gave him an astrolabe in exchange

man gave him an astrolabe in exchange for a Bible Mercator wrote on his world

for a Bible Mercator wrote on his world

for a Bible Mercator wrote on his world map we have taken the Arctic geography

map we have taken the Arctic geography

map we have taken the Arctic geography from the itinerarium of Jacobus noyan of

from the itinerarium of Jacobus noyan of

from the itinerarium of Jacobus noyan of the Hague who makes some citations from

the Hague who makes some citations from

the Hague who makes some citations from the gesta of Arthur of Britain however

the gesta of Arthur of Britain however

the gesta of Arthur of Britain however the greater and most important part he

the greater and most important part he

the greater and most important part he learned from a certain priest at the

learned from a certain priest at the

learned from a certain priest at the court of the king of Norway in 1364.

court of the king of Norway in 1364.

court of the king of Norway in 1364. in 1577 Mercator wrote a letter to

in 1577 Mercator wrote a letter to

in 1577 Mercator wrote a letter to English astronomer John D about the

English astronomer John D about the

English astronomer John D about the Arctic region and referenced itinerarium

Arctic region and referenced itinerarium

Arctic region and referenced itinerarium once again in this letter he wrote in

once again in this letter he wrote in

once again in this letter he wrote in the midst of the four countries is a

the midst of the four countries is a

the midst of the four countries is a Whirlpool into which there emptied these

Whirlpool into which there emptied these

Whirlpool into which there emptied these four in drawing Seas which divide the

four in drawing Seas which divide the

four in drawing Seas which divide the North

North

North and the water rushes round and descends

and the water rushes round and descends

and the water rushes round and descends into the Earth just as if one was

into the Earth just as if one was

into the Earth just as if one was pouring it through a filter funnel it is

pouring it through a filter funnel it is

pouring it through a filter funnel it is four degrees wide on every side of the

four degrees wide on every side of the

four degrees wide on every side of the pole that is to say eight degrees

pole that is to say eight degrees

pole that is to say eight degrees altogether except that right under the

altogether except that right under the

altogether except that right under the pole there lies a bare rock in the midst

pole there lies a bare rock in the midst

pole there lies a bare rock in the midst of the sea its circumference is almost

of the sea its circumference is almost

of the sea its circumference is almost 33 French miles

33 French miles

33 French miles and it is all magnetic Stone and is as

and it is all magnetic Stone and is as

and it is all magnetic Stone and is as high as the clouds so the priest said

high as the clouds so the priest said

high as the clouds so the priest said who had received the astrolabe from this

who had received the astrolabe from this

who had received the astrolabe from this minorite

minorite

minorite in exchange for a testament and the

in exchange for a testament and the

in exchange for a testament and the menorite himself had heard that one can

menorite himself had heard that one can

menorite himself had heard that one can see all around it from the sea and that

see all around it from the sea and that

see all around it from the sea and that it is black and glistening and nothing

it is black and glistening and nothing

it is black and glistening and nothing grows thereon for there is not so much

grows thereon for there is not so much

grows thereon for there is not so much as a handful of soil on it

as a handful of soil on it

as a handful of soil on it the friar also claimed to have

the friar also claimed to have

the friar also claimed to have encountered pigmates

encountered pigmates

encountered pigmates it's unclear if the original book

it's unclear if the original book

it's unclear if the original book infintio is the source of this concept

infintio is the source of this concept

infintio is the source of this concept about the North Pole a similar story was

about the North Pole a similar story was

about the North Pole a similar story was written by the historian Gerald of Wales

written by the historian Gerald of Wales

written by the historian Gerald of Wales in the late 12th or early 13th century

in the late 12th or early 13th century

in the late 12th or early 13th century here is what he had to say

here is what he had to say

here is what he had to say not far from the aisles towards the

not far from the aisles towards the

not far from the aisles towards the north there is a monstrous Gulf in the

north there is a monstrous Gulf in the

north there is a monstrous Gulf in the sea towards which all sides the Billows

sea towards which all sides the Billows

sea towards which all sides the Billows of the sea coming from remote parts

of the sea coming from remote parts

of the sea coming from remote parts converge and run together as they're

converge and run together as they're

converge and run together as they're brought there by a conduit

brought there by a conduit

brought there by a conduit pouring into these mysterious abysses of

pouring into these mysterious abysses of

pouring into these mysterious abysses of nature they are as though devoured

nature they are as though devoured

nature they are as though devoured thereby and should it happen that a

thereby and should it happen that a

thereby and should it happen that a vessel passed there it is seized and

vessel passed there it is seized and

vessel passed there it is seized and drawn away with such powerful violence

drawn away with such powerful violence

drawn away with such powerful violence of the waves that this hungry Force

of the waves that this hungry Force

of the waves that this hungry Force immediately swallows it up never to

immediately swallows it up never to

immediately swallows it up never to appear again

appear again

appear again by the 1630s mercator's depiction of the

by the 1630s mercator's depiction of the

by the 1630s mercator's depiction of the region disappeared from Maps due to real

region disappeared from Maps due to real

region disappeared from Maps due to real discoveries and competing theories about

discoveries and competing theories about

discoveries and competing theories about the region

the region

the region holes in the story were even appearing

holes in the story were even appearing

holes in the story were even appearing to Mercator while the magnetic rock

to Mercator while the magnetic rock

to Mercator while the magnetic rock seemed like a somewhat logical

seemed like a somewhat logical

seemed like a somewhat logical explanation as to why a compass would

explanation as to why a compass would

explanation as to why a compass would Point North this wasn't actually where

Point North this wasn't actually where

Point North this wasn't actually where the Magnetic North Pole was located

the Magnetic North Pole was located

the Magnetic North Pole was located Mercator knew this and tried to explain

Mercator knew this and tried to explain

Mercator knew this and tried to explain away the discrepancy by adding a second

away the discrepancy by adding a second

away the discrepancy by adding a second Rock but it would still be nearly

Rock but it would still be nearly

Rock but it would still be nearly another 300 years of theories rumors and

another 300 years of theories rumors and

another 300 years of theories rumors and lies about the geography of the Arctic

before I end this video thank you to

before I end this video thank you to

before I end this video thank you to raremaps.com for sponsoring this video

raremaps.com for sponsoring this video

raremaps.com for sponsoring this video brandmaps.com is an online antique map

brandmaps.com is an online antique map

brandmaps.com is an online antique map shop with over 10 000 maps in their

shop with over 10 000 maps in their

shop with over 10 000 maps in their inventory which includes most of the

inventory which includes most of the

inventory which includes most of the maps you saw in this video such as

maps you saw in this video such as

maps you saw in this video such as mercator's Arctic map

mercator's Arctic map

mercator's Arctic map theirs is actually a first edition

theirs is actually a first edition

theirs is actually a first edition even if you don't plan on purchasing

even if you don't plan on purchasing

even if you don't plan on purchasing they're a great resource for learning I

they're a great resource for learning I

they're a great resource for learning I often start my research for my videos

often start my research for my videos

often start my research for my videos with them again that's raremaps.com

with them again that's raremaps.com

with them again that's raremaps.com and that's all for this video If you

and that's all for this video If you

and that's all for this video If you enjoyed it please hit the like button

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[Music]

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