All language subtitles for The John Wayne Warhawk Movie No Substitute for Victory (1.2.1971)

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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,105 --> 00:00:05,177 [helicopters flying] 2 00:00:26,612 --> 00:00:29,512 [weapon firing] 3 00:00:29,615 --> 00:00:32,101 [explosions] 4 00:00:55,917 --> 00:00:58,403 [gun firing] 5 00:01:21,357 --> 00:01:23,911 Ladies and gentlemen, a long time 6 00:01:24,014 --> 00:01:26,707 ago Abraham Lincoln made a statement. 7 00:01:26,810 --> 00:01:30,124 To stand by silence when you should speak out 8 00:01:30,262 --> 00:01:32,299 makes cowards of men. 9 00:01:32,402 --> 00:01:36,958 It's time we spoke out about Vietnam and the most obvious, 10 00:01:37,062 --> 00:01:40,928 yet the most ignored threat ever faced by free people 11 00:01:41,031 --> 00:01:42,412 in the history of the world. 12 00:01:42,481 --> 00:01:45,415 The street demonstrators demand that we 13 00:01:45,484 --> 00:01:49,143 get out of Southeast Asia so that there will be peace. 14 00:01:49,281 --> 00:01:50,800 Where do they get the idea that there will 15 00:01:50,903 --> 00:01:53,216 be peace just because we quit? 16 00:01:53,320 --> 00:01:55,494 We can't stop the war by giving up, 17 00:01:55,632 --> 00:01:57,324 and we sure can't settle anything 18 00:01:57,427 --> 00:01:59,464 by trying to bargain with a winning 19 00:01:59,567 --> 00:02:01,086 enemy at the peace table. 20 00:02:01,190 --> 00:02:05,055 As for the war that was going on a long time before Vietnam 21 00:02:05,159 --> 00:02:07,610 and will go on whether we pull out or not, 22 00:02:07,679 --> 00:02:10,992 we can't stop the war by giving up. 23 00:02:11,096 --> 00:02:14,272 And the way it is now we're not programmed to win because 24 00:02:14,341 --> 00:02:17,240 of the politicians and civilians that we've 25 00:02:17,344 --> 00:02:19,829 let stick our nose in it. 26 00:02:19,967 --> 00:02:22,418 Listen to this young fellow. 27 00:02:22,521 --> 00:02:26,076 I'm flying helicopters commercially in Alaska now. 28 00:02:26,180 --> 00:02:28,769 Not long ago, I was flying them in Vietnam. 29 00:02:28,872 --> 00:02:32,013 I was there to fight the communists and try to win 30 00:02:32,117 --> 00:02:34,430 but our politicians wouldn't let us. 31 00:02:34,533 --> 00:02:38,019 What kind of a war is this that we're not supposed to win? 32 00:02:38,123 --> 00:02:42,162 Truth of the matter is it's not a separate war at all. 33 00:02:42,265 --> 00:02:44,198 It's only one battle in a bigger, 34 00:02:44,336 --> 00:02:46,338 long drawn out attack that's been 35 00:02:46,442 --> 00:02:48,616 going on for over 50 years. 36 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:51,550 And it's a war we're loading not only on the battlefields 37 00:02:51,688 --> 00:02:55,382 but out on street corners, college campuses, 38 00:02:55,485 --> 00:02:58,212 in the offices of some of our most influential 39 00:02:58,350 --> 00:02:59,903 so-called statesmen. 40 00:03:00,007 --> 00:03:02,975 Now all men of good will certainly want peace, 41 00:03:03,079 --> 00:03:06,738 but do we want peace at any price, peace without freedom? 42 00:03:06,876 --> 00:03:10,707 We all know that this country has, with good will 43 00:03:10,811 --> 00:03:14,366 has stumbled a few times and made a mistake or two, 44 00:03:14,470 --> 00:03:16,886 can't go back and do anything about that. 45 00:03:16,989 --> 00:03:20,407 But as Mr. Lincoln once said, "I wish I had been there when 46 00:03:20,510 --> 00:03:23,893 the horse was stole, but I reckon I can find 47 00:03:23,996 --> 00:03:26,240 the tracks when I do get there. 48 00:03:26,344 --> 00:03:28,553 Seems to me the horse is already stolen, 49 00:03:28,656 --> 00:03:32,902 so we better get back and pick up the tracks." 50 00:03:33,005 --> 00:03:36,699 To give you that background we have a man who really knows. 51 00:03:36,768 --> 00:03:39,426 Someone who was there when all the important history was 52 00:03:39,564 --> 00:03:42,083 being made since World War I. 53 00:03:42,187 --> 00:03:46,053 He has the facts firsthand from leaders and the generals 54 00:03:46,156 --> 00:03:46,881 themselves. 55 00:03:46,985 --> 00:03:48,228 Here he is. 56 00:03:48,331 --> 00:03:52,024 A great newspaper man, Mr. Lowell Thomas. 57 00:03:52,093 --> 00:03:54,682 Hello everybody, this is Lowell Thomas, 58 00:03:54,786 --> 00:03:57,720 to chat with you for a moment about what we all seem to agree 59 00:03:57,789 --> 00:04:02,621 is just about the most important subject of our time. 60 00:04:02,759 --> 00:04:06,384 And to those of you who are fairly young perhaps 61 00:04:06,453 --> 00:04:10,111 it is more important to you, than to the rest of us. 62 00:04:10,215 --> 00:04:14,081 I'm sure you all remember the words of the father of 63 00:04:14,184 --> 00:04:16,048 our country, George Washington. 64 00:04:16,117 --> 00:04:17,878 He was a fairly wise man. 65 00:04:17,981 --> 00:04:22,400 He said, "the best way to prepare for peace 66 00:04:22,469 --> 00:04:24,056 is to be ready for war. 67 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:26,404 NARRATOR: World War I with the beginning of what 68 00:04:26,473 --> 00:04:28,958 the whole of mankind hoped would lead 69 00:04:29,096 --> 00:04:30,615 to a permanent world peace. 70 00:04:30,718 --> 00:04:32,410 LOWELL THOMAS [VOICEOVER]: It seems like the height of folly 71 00:04:32,479 --> 00:04:35,792 now, hard for us to understand, impossible, 72 00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:37,760 in fact to comprehend. 73 00:04:37,829 --> 00:04:41,971 But after the war was over, the Allies 74 00:04:42,074 --> 00:04:46,251 began to disband their armies, break up their navies, 75 00:04:46,320 --> 00:04:48,011 and melt down their guns! 76 00:04:48,149 --> 00:04:51,291 NARRATOR: In the confusion at the end of World War I, 77 00:04:51,394 --> 00:04:54,984 a group of dedicated men came to power in Russia. 78 00:04:55,087 --> 00:04:59,747 The leader of the group, Nikolai Lenin, head of the Bolshevik, 79 00:04:59,851 --> 00:05:02,509 or Majority Communist Party, he knew 80 00:05:02,647 --> 00:05:05,960 the free nations of the world desperately wanted peace. 81 00:05:06,029 --> 00:05:09,688 He also knew his ideology, Communism, could use 82 00:05:09,792 --> 00:05:13,347 this as a tool against them. 83 00:05:13,451 --> 00:05:15,763 Part of his plan to achieve world wide supremacy 84 00:05:15,867 --> 00:05:19,111 was to instruct communist followers in all countries 85 00:05:19,180 --> 00:05:20,872 to protest for peace. 86 00:05:21,010 --> 00:05:26,049 A disarmed nation then would be ripe for plucking. 87 00:05:26,187 --> 00:05:28,673 As soon as hostilities ceased at the end of World War 88 00:05:28,776 --> 00:05:32,297 I, the Allies who had stopped the Kaiser's war machine, 89 00:05:32,366 --> 00:05:35,818 stopped it cold, alas they began to disband 90 00:05:35,921 --> 00:05:37,371 their armies and navies. 91 00:05:37,475 --> 00:05:39,615 After all, Germany had been the only nation 92 00:05:39,718 --> 00:05:44,654 with ambitions to expand, and Germany was smashed for good. 93 00:05:44,758 --> 00:05:47,864 Or was it? 94 00:05:47,968 --> 00:05:50,798 No one at the peace tables had ever heard of a lance corporal 95 00:05:50,902 --> 00:05:53,387 in one of the Bavarian regiments, a chap 96 00:05:53,525 --> 00:05:57,149 known as Adolf Schicklgruber, later 97 00:05:57,218 --> 00:05:59,738 to be known as Adolf Hitler. 98 00:05:59,842 --> 00:06:01,740 It's hard to believe that a lowly lance 99 00:06:01,844 --> 00:06:05,468 corporal with a funny mustache could ever get far. 100 00:06:05,572 --> 00:06:07,884 But in less than 15 years, there he 101 00:06:07,988 --> 00:06:11,405 was, head of a re-armed Germany, with plans 102 00:06:11,509 --> 00:06:13,096 to conquer the world. 103 00:06:13,234 --> 00:06:16,721 Distinguished men like the lone eagle, Charles Lindbergh and 104 00:06:16,824 --> 00:06:18,412 the fabulous Jimmy Doolittle-- 105 00:06:18,516 --> 00:06:20,656 Told us what was going on in Central Europe, 106 00:06:20,759 --> 00:06:23,555 told us what Hitler was doing, and we 107 00:06:23,659 --> 00:06:25,108 paid little or no attention. 108 00:06:25,212 --> 00:06:27,870 NARRATOR: Ah, but life was too dear and peace too sweet 109 00:06:27,939 --> 00:06:30,769 to rock the boat, so few raised a hand 110 00:06:30,873 --> 00:06:32,392 to do anything at that time. 111 00:06:35,843 --> 00:06:38,950 So in 1938, with the most powerful war 112 00:06:39,053 --> 00:06:41,228 machine in the world up to that time, 113 00:06:41,331 --> 00:06:44,956 Hitler marched on Austria. 114 00:06:45,059 --> 00:06:50,962 The next year, 1939, he marched on Czechoslovakia. 115 00:06:51,065 --> 00:06:53,723 Now, England began to get the message. 116 00:06:56,208 --> 00:06:58,970 We all know how Chamberlain went from London to Munich 117 00:06:59,073 --> 00:07:02,594 with his umbrella, and came back saying, 118 00:07:02,698 --> 00:07:09,877 "this means peace in our time." 119 00:07:09,981 --> 00:07:12,777 But no sooner had this conference been concluded, 120 00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:15,227 then Hitler made a pact with Russia. 121 00:07:15,296 --> 00:07:18,714 And then they both attacked Poland. 122 00:07:18,817 --> 00:07:20,854 The next step was the blitz on the west. 123 00:07:20,957 --> 00:07:23,788 [explosions] 124 00:07:37,180 --> 00:07:42,462 With the Nazis and the Communists in collusion, 125 00:07:42,565 --> 00:07:44,912 their representatives here in America 126 00:07:45,016 --> 00:07:49,054 stepped up their propaganda and began shouting to us, 127 00:07:49,158 --> 00:07:51,229 disarm, disarm! 128 00:07:51,332 --> 00:07:53,818 No harm will ever come to America. 129 00:07:53,921 --> 00:07:57,131 NARRATOR: Meanwhile, peace talks had so reduced US power 130 00:07:57,200 --> 00:07:59,582 that when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, 131 00:07:59,686 --> 00:08:01,860 you all remember that some of our old battleships 132 00:08:01,998 --> 00:08:05,623 lined up there either were sunk or beached. 133 00:08:05,692 --> 00:08:08,315 And we had, for all practical purposes, 134 00:08:08,418 --> 00:08:10,869 lost our Pacific fleet. 135 00:08:10,973 --> 00:08:13,872 It appeared as though it was almost too late, 136 00:08:13,976 --> 00:08:16,461 but we did get down to the agonizing business 137 00:08:16,530 --> 00:08:19,050 of rebuilding for a counter-attack. 138 00:08:19,153 --> 00:08:22,191 And the history books show that in spite of all obstacles 139 00:08:22,329 --> 00:08:24,642 we finally, we finally did win. 140 00:08:49,390 --> 00:08:52,635 After that, followed those usual negotiations between the winner 141 00:08:52,739 --> 00:08:54,188 and the loser. 142 00:08:54,257 --> 00:08:57,709 But even while we were winning, certain American leaders, 143 00:08:57,813 --> 00:09:00,401 perhaps fooled by Stalin, they arranged 144 00:09:00,505 --> 00:09:04,751 things so we lost nearly as much as we gained, possibly more. 145 00:09:04,889 --> 00:09:07,754 As our troops rushed in triumph through Germany 146 00:09:07,892 --> 00:09:11,205 they got the word to slow down, slow down. 147 00:09:11,309 --> 00:09:12,655 Let the Russians move in. 148 00:09:12,759 --> 00:09:14,588 Let the Russians take over East Germany, 149 00:09:14,692 --> 00:09:17,764 take over the great city of Berlin. 150 00:09:17,902 --> 00:09:19,938 Today, a nation of people who love communism 151 00:09:20,042 --> 00:09:22,182 so well that they have to be walled in 152 00:09:22,285 --> 00:09:25,703 and kept in with guns, they are a tragic monument 153 00:09:25,772 --> 00:09:29,327 to those people who seek to appease the enemy. 154 00:09:29,430 --> 00:09:32,261 [weapons fired] 155 00:09:36,127 --> 00:09:38,785 In meetings at Yalta with Lenin's cunning successor, 156 00:09:38,923 --> 00:09:42,582 Stalin, the Russians managed to take over all of Eastern 157 00:09:42,685 --> 00:09:44,791 Europe, much of Asia. 158 00:09:44,894 --> 00:09:47,414 We know what happened in the Far East, 159 00:09:47,517 --> 00:09:49,278 and how they put it over on China. 160 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:59,012 And so the stage was set for Korea, and a little later 161 00:09:59,115 --> 00:10:02,049 on for Vietnam. 162 00:10:02,153 --> 00:10:06,226 In 1945, everybody thought the war was over, 163 00:10:06,329 --> 00:10:09,747 but our real enemy was still going strong. 164 00:10:09,816 --> 00:10:12,888 This was the so-called ally that we had let 165 00:10:12,991 --> 00:10:14,890 take East Germany and Berlin. 166 00:10:14,993 --> 00:10:18,652 Now I'm not speaking of the Russian people, 167 00:10:18,790 --> 00:10:21,724 and I won't speak of the Chinese people. 168 00:10:21,828 --> 00:10:25,348 I'm speaking of the communist conspiracy. 169 00:10:25,486 --> 00:10:29,283 So many of the great Americans of the last generation 170 00:10:29,352 --> 00:10:33,771 are no longer with us to give us the firsthand account of what 171 00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:36,946 happened behind the scenes, behind the false front 172 00:10:37,015 --> 00:10:39,949 of communist cooperation after the war. 173 00:10:40,018 --> 00:10:44,091 We are fortunate that one of the greatest leaders, a conqueror 174 00:10:44,195 --> 00:10:47,612 of the Nazis in Italy, is here and can 175 00:10:47,716 --> 00:10:52,479 tell it like it was when it came to getting along with the Reds. 176 00:10:52,582 --> 00:10:54,964 This is General Mark Clark. 177 00:10:55,033 --> 00:10:58,278 After the end of World War II, when the fighting stopped 178 00:10:58,381 --> 00:11:01,143 in Italy, and I took the surrender of the German forces 179 00:11:01,212 --> 00:11:05,009 there, I went into Austria as the American occupation 180 00:11:05,112 --> 00:11:06,873 commander and High Commissioner. 181 00:11:07,011 --> 00:11:09,323 Russian armies were there in Austria as well, 182 00:11:09,392 --> 00:11:12,672 and I sat on a quadri-apartheid meeting with the Russians 183 00:11:12,775 --> 00:11:14,812 and the British, the French and ourselves 184 00:11:14,881 --> 00:11:17,987 in order to implement the agreement that the nations had 185 00:11:18,056 --> 00:11:20,196 made at Potsdam, which was to bring 186 00:11:20,300 --> 00:11:23,544 about free and independent and democratic Austria once more. 187 00:11:23,648 --> 00:11:28,170 Saw firsthand the duplicity of the Soviets, how they looted, 188 00:11:28,239 --> 00:11:31,725 killed, murdered, and that they couldn't be believed. 189 00:11:31,863 --> 00:11:33,727 I found that every constructive move 190 00:11:33,831 --> 00:11:36,972 and suggestion we made to help Austria 191 00:11:37,075 --> 00:11:39,388 was vetoed by the Soviets. 192 00:11:39,491 --> 00:11:42,356 When I went with Burns to the conference of foreign ministers 193 00:11:42,425 --> 00:11:45,014 in England, and then with Marshal into Moscow, 194 00:11:45,083 --> 00:11:48,431 and there again I saw the difficulty, the almost 195 00:11:48,535 --> 00:11:51,262 impossibility of doing business with the Russians and that 196 00:11:51,365 --> 00:11:53,885 you should do it from a position of extreme force, 197 00:11:53,989 --> 00:11:56,612 and you never compromise, and you never show weakness. 198 00:11:56,716 --> 00:12:00,340 Or they see weakness, they despise it, and exploit it. 199 00:12:00,443 --> 00:12:02,929 And when they see strength and determination, 200 00:12:03,032 --> 00:12:05,725 that's when they sit up and take notice. 201 00:12:05,828 --> 00:12:08,348 In the aftermath of the war, the Reds 202 00:12:08,451 --> 00:12:11,282 managed to grab off East Germany and all 203 00:12:11,420 --> 00:12:14,250 the countries that are now on the wrong side of the Iron 204 00:12:14,354 --> 00:12:15,458 Curtain. 205 00:12:15,562 --> 00:12:18,772 And for the next big move to encircle a world, 206 00:12:18,876 --> 00:12:20,774 they looked to east to Asia. 207 00:12:20,912 --> 00:12:23,950 There a lot of garbled accounts of what 208 00:12:24,088 --> 00:12:28,678 really happened when the East began to go Red, 209 00:12:28,782 --> 00:12:31,405 but we have the number one authority with us, 210 00:12:31,509 --> 00:12:33,131 who can give it to us straight. 211 00:12:33,235 --> 00:12:36,617 This is a man who is more familiar with Asian communism 212 00:12:36,756 --> 00:12:38,965 than anyone else in America today. 213 00:12:39,103 --> 00:12:41,968 He is General Albert C. Wedemeyer, former US 214 00:12:42,106 --> 00:12:43,866 commander in the Far East. 215 00:12:43,970 --> 00:12:47,283 He sat and listened to Mao Tse-tung tell how they, 216 00:12:47,387 --> 00:12:50,217 the Reds were going to take over China. 217 00:12:50,321 --> 00:12:53,117 The general warned the State Department at that time 218 00:12:53,220 --> 00:12:56,637 that we should support Chiang Kai-Shek if we didn't want 219 00:12:56,741 --> 00:13:00,469 the biggest country in the world with 700 million people 220 00:13:00,572 --> 00:13:02,160 to be lost to communism. 221 00:13:02,298 --> 00:13:05,163 Unfortunately, nobody was listening. 222 00:13:05,301 --> 00:13:09,236 We'll listen to him now, General Albert C. Wedemeyer. 223 00:13:09,340 --> 00:13:12,722 I have spent 10 years in the Orient living 224 00:13:12,826 --> 00:13:17,451 in China, the Philippines, and in India. 225 00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:21,801 Experiences and observations in those areas 226 00:13:21,904 --> 00:13:25,839 provide the basis for my ideas and suggestions 227 00:13:25,977 --> 00:13:28,014 about the Vietnam war. 228 00:13:28,117 --> 00:13:31,258 At the close of World War II, the Soviet Union 229 00:13:31,362 --> 00:13:34,986 accelerated plans for the conquest of the Far East. 230 00:13:35,090 --> 00:13:39,370 In 1946, the Republic of China, Japan, and Thailand 231 00:13:39,473 --> 00:13:42,545 were the only independent nations in that area. 232 00:13:42,649 --> 00:13:47,309 Moscow planned to exploit the industrial know-how of Japan, 233 00:13:47,378 --> 00:13:50,208 the vast pool of manpower in China, 234 00:13:50,346 --> 00:13:53,211 and the natural resources in Southeast 235 00:13:53,315 --> 00:13:56,042 Asia, the Philippines, Indonesia, 236 00:13:56,145 --> 00:13:57,733 and the Melanesian islands. 237 00:13:57,871 --> 00:14:01,702 During General MacArthur's wise and courageous administration, 238 00:14:01,806 --> 00:14:04,360 Communist efforts to communize Japan 239 00:14:04,498 --> 00:14:05,810 were successfully blocked. 240 00:14:05,914 --> 00:14:09,193 The Soviet Union then turned its attention to mainland China. 241 00:14:09,296 --> 00:14:11,643 With the connivance of the Red Chinese leaders, 242 00:14:11,747 --> 00:14:15,751 Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, mainland China, an area greater 243 00:14:15,855 --> 00:14:19,410 in extent than the United States, and 700 million people 244 00:14:19,548 --> 00:14:24,035 were drawn within the orbit of the Soviet Union in 1949. 245 00:14:24,139 --> 00:14:26,693 The loss of China to the tyranny of communism 246 00:14:26,796 --> 00:14:28,729 was a black mark on the escutcheon 247 00:14:28,833 --> 00:14:30,248 of the United States. 248 00:14:30,386 --> 00:14:34,701 Instead of supporting our loyal World War II ally, Chiang 249 00:14:34,770 --> 00:14:37,428 Kai-Shek, the United States government adopted a hands 250 00:14:37,531 --> 00:14:41,259 off policy which was dramatized by the then Secretary 251 00:14:41,397 --> 00:14:45,160 of State's announcement quote, we will let the dust settle out 252 00:14:45,263 --> 00:14:46,989 there," end of quote. 253 00:14:47,093 --> 00:14:51,028 You and I know that the dust was settled in Korea 254 00:14:51,097 --> 00:14:54,652 and is now being settled in Vietnam with American blood. 255 00:14:54,755 --> 00:14:56,861 Chiang Kai-Shek, and his government 256 00:14:56,930 --> 00:14:58,932 were compelled to withdraw to Formosa 257 00:14:59,070 --> 00:15:01,693 where they maintained a strong bastion 258 00:15:01,762 --> 00:15:03,454 against communists advance. 259 00:15:03,557 --> 00:15:06,802 I believe then, and do now, that we should have continued 260 00:15:06,906 --> 00:15:09,943 our support of the strongly anti-Communist government 261 00:15:10,047 --> 00:15:11,600 of Nationalist China. 262 00:15:11,703 --> 00:15:14,775 Had we done so, the United States would not today 263 00:15:14,914 --> 00:15:17,675 experience an uneasy peace in Korea 264 00:15:17,778 --> 00:15:21,299 and a costly war in Vietnam. 265 00:15:21,403 --> 00:15:25,062 Of course the next communist move in their continuous war 266 00:15:25,131 --> 00:15:27,478 on the free world was Korea. 267 00:15:27,616 --> 00:15:31,482 And after General MacArthur was pulled out for being too tough 268 00:15:31,620 --> 00:15:34,623 on the commies, General Mark Clark was ordered 269 00:15:34,726 --> 00:15:37,074 to Korea to pick up the pieces. 270 00:15:37,143 --> 00:15:39,145 He soon found out he was faced again 271 00:15:39,283 --> 00:15:41,043 with the same ol' problems when it 272 00:15:41,147 --> 00:15:43,804 came to dealing with the reds. 273 00:15:43,943 --> 00:15:45,323 General Mark Clark. 274 00:15:45,461 --> 00:15:48,154 President Truman sent me out to the Far East 275 00:15:48,292 --> 00:15:49,914 to take command during the Korean 276 00:15:49,983 --> 00:15:51,329 War the last year and a half. 277 00:15:51,433 --> 00:15:53,987 And there I saw them again, I saw them this time 278 00:15:54,125 --> 00:15:55,644 on the field of battle. 279 00:15:55,747 --> 00:15:59,234 I saw how treacherous they were, how they murder our prisoners 280 00:15:59,337 --> 00:16:02,582 of war, and how they could not be relied upon to carry out any 281 00:16:02,685 --> 00:16:04,998 of their promises or live up to the rules 282 00:16:05,102 --> 00:16:07,000 of the Geneva Convention concerning 283 00:16:07,138 --> 00:16:10,624 prisoners or conduct of war. 284 00:16:10,693 --> 00:16:14,525 The so-called Korean War was the first evidence 285 00:16:14,663 --> 00:16:18,701 since the pullback from Berlin of a no-win policy. 286 00:16:18,805 --> 00:16:21,601 Apparently Hitler was the last enemy we were supposed 287 00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:23,913 to put up a fight against. 288 00:16:24,017 --> 00:16:26,468 General Clark found out that he had 289 00:16:26,537 --> 00:16:30,196 to try to wage war with one, or maybe both hands, tied. 290 00:16:30,299 --> 00:16:32,025 The fighting was severe at that time 291 00:16:32,129 --> 00:16:34,131 the Chinese had entered the war, and there 292 00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:36,650 were many limitations that were placed upon me 293 00:16:36,754 --> 00:16:38,135 as the commander-in-chief. 294 00:16:38,204 --> 00:16:40,344 I could not hit, for example, the bridges 295 00:16:40,447 --> 00:16:43,278 over the Yellow River over which the killers came 296 00:16:43,381 --> 00:16:46,039 with their paraphernalia, their ammunition, their tanks, 297 00:16:46,177 --> 00:16:48,317 and whatnot to kill our men. 298 00:16:48,386 --> 00:16:52,011 It seemed to me that that was completely wrong that we should 299 00:16:52,114 --> 00:16:54,220 not take out those bridges. 300 00:16:54,358 --> 00:16:56,877 And that would make it more difficult for the enemy 301 00:16:56,981 --> 00:16:59,639 to maintain his position on the field. 302 00:16:59,742 --> 00:17:02,883 We were not able to hit the city of Pyongyang 303 00:17:02,987 --> 00:17:04,954 because there were ammunition plants 304 00:17:05,058 --> 00:17:06,715 that were hidden within it. 305 00:17:06,818 --> 00:17:09,994 We did not hit certain power plants that provided power 306 00:17:10,063 --> 00:17:12,583 for North China and Manchuria. 307 00:17:12,686 --> 00:17:15,241 But in spite of all the difficulties, a kind of peace 308 00:17:15,379 --> 00:17:17,726 was finally arranged in Korea. 309 00:17:17,829 --> 00:17:21,971 At that time we never heard of a place called Vietnam, which was 310 00:17:22,075 --> 00:17:25,630 to be the next Red battle in their long war 311 00:17:25,734 --> 00:17:27,356 against the free world. 312 00:17:27,425 --> 00:17:30,670 Vietnam was in a part of the French colonial possession 313 00:17:30,739 --> 00:17:33,017 known as Indochina. 314 00:17:33,086 --> 00:17:35,054 The reports were that the Indochinese 315 00:17:35,157 --> 00:17:36,917 were fighting for independence from the French. 316 00:17:37,021 --> 00:17:38,402 [explosions] 317 00:17:38,505 --> 00:17:41,094 This may have been so, but it was also a good excuse 318 00:17:41,198 --> 00:17:43,890 for a communist takeover to switch the ruling 319 00:17:43,993 --> 00:17:46,996 powers from France to the Reds. 320 00:17:47,100 --> 00:17:48,722 The so-called revolution was headed 321 00:17:48,791 --> 00:17:52,657 by a character with a funny beard and an unfunny reputation 322 00:17:52,761 --> 00:17:54,280 as a terrorist. 323 00:17:54,383 --> 00:17:56,592 His name was Ho Chi Minh. 324 00:17:56,696 --> 00:18:01,390 He was what the historians call a dedicated revolutionary. 325 00:18:01,459 --> 00:18:06,430 Ho was born in 1890 and was a communist even as a young man. 326 00:18:06,533 --> 00:18:09,122 He was so active that he helped form the French Communist 327 00:18:09,226 --> 00:18:11,228 Party in 1920. 328 00:18:11,297 --> 00:18:14,576 All during the '30s, the Kremlin used him to foment trouble 329 00:18:14,645 --> 00:18:21,100 in the Orient, and aided him in building up a fanatic follower. 330 00:18:21,203 --> 00:18:25,311 When he died in 1969, the London Daily Telegraph 331 00:18:25,414 --> 00:18:28,762 debunked the picture of Ho as a simple patriot. 332 00:18:28,831 --> 00:18:33,802 I quote, "there are always men who, for one reason or another, 333 00:18:33,905 --> 00:18:38,496 will rhapsodize on the qualities of even the worst tyrant. 334 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:40,774 Ho Chi Minh's record for cold-blooded, 335 00:18:40,843 --> 00:18:44,606 and often bestial murder of men, women, and children, 336 00:18:44,675 --> 00:18:48,782 ranks him beside Hitler and Stalin for shear atrocity," 337 00:18:48,886 --> 00:18:50,508 unquote. 338 00:18:50,612 --> 00:18:52,579 Now during Ho's career, he was paraded 339 00:18:52,683 --> 00:18:54,650 around the communist world, where 340 00:18:54,754 --> 00:18:59,068 the masses were trotted out to give him a big reception 341 00:18:59,172 --> 00:19:00,622 wherever he went. 342 00:19:00,691 --> 00:19:04,936 He was feted by such Red liners as India's Krishna Menon, 343 00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:09,286 and of course, by, the then big boss of communism, Nikita 344 00:19:09,355 --> 00:19:12,806 Khrushchev, as well as all the secondary world 345 00:19:12,910 --> 00:19:15,015 wields of the party. 346 00:19:15,154 --> 00:19:16,810 Ho made his biggest effort at a place 347 00:19:16,879 --> 00:19:21,367 called Dien Bien Phu where he beseeched the French army. 348 00:19:21,470 --> 00:19:23,679 The United States was asked to bring an air strike 349 00:19:23,817 --> 00:19:25,750 in against Red positions. 350 00:19:25,854 --> 00:19:28,201 The United States refused. 351 00:19:28,339 --> 00:19:30,479 In any event, the French cause was probably 352 00:19:30,548 --> 00:19:33,448 doomed because the leftist French government forced 353 00:19:33,551 --> 00:19:37,383 their army to fight a no-win war as General Clark had been 354 00:19:37,486 --> 00:19:40,489 forced to fight in Korea, So Ho was 355 00:19:40,558 --> 00:19:43,665 able to inflict a humiliating defeat on the French. 356 00:19:43,734 --> 00:19:46,392 NARRATOR: At the Geneva Peace Conference, which followed, 357 00:19:46,530 --> 00:19:50,810 it was agreed that Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam 358 00:19:50,879 --> 00:19:52,708 would be independent nations. 359 00:19:52,812 --> 00:19:55,711 However, Vietnam was partitioned temporarily, 360 00:19:55,815 --> 00:19:59,405 and the two areas divided by the 17th parallel-- 361 00:19:59,543 --> 00:20:01,648 the north area to be under the control 362 00:20:01,752 --> 00:20:05,376 of the communist stooge, Ho Chi Minh, and the south 363 00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:09,553 to be under the former French puppet, Bao Dai. 364 00:20:09,656 --> 00:20:11,382 Immediately after the Geneva Conference, 365 00:20:11,486 --> 00:20:14,351 Ho Chi Minh and his Viet Cong followers 366 00:20:14,420 --> 00:20:18,907 launched an extensive and brutal campaign of subversion 367 00:20:19,045 --> 00:20:21,047 and guerrilla action. 368 00:20:21,116 --> 00:20:24,775 More than 50,000 South Vietnamese, including village 369 00:20:24,913 --> 00:20:29,711 officials, teachers, merchants, and law enforcement officers 370 00:20:29,780 --> 00:20:32,852 were kidnapped, mutilated, or killed 371 00:20:32,921 --> 00:20:35,441 by the Viet Cong Guerrillas. 372 00:20:35,544 --> 00:20:40,618 Too often our own information media, TV, radio, 373 00:20:40,756 --> 00:20:45,589 and the press, are responsible for a wide-held impression 374 00:20:45,692 --> 00:20:49,800 that the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong 375 00:20:49,938 --> 00:20:53,355 are the good guys, and we, the South 376 00:20:53,459 --> 00:20:57,704 Vietnamese, the South Koreans, and Americans, 377 00:20:57,773 --> 00:21:00,120 are the bad guys. 378 00:21:00,224 --> 00:21:05,022 The Red liners of all countries had a ball castigating 379 00:21:05,125 --> 00:21:07,300 the United States, but no one ever 380 00:21:07,404 --> 00:21:10,648 complained about the almost daily Viet 381 00:21:10,752 --> 00:21:14,825 Cong mortaring of towns and the killing of civilians. 382 00:21:14,928 --> 00:21:18,104 Well, anyway, to give you an idea of how popular 383 00:21:18,173 --> 00:21:21,728 Ho and his crowd were after they kicked out the French, 384 00:21:21,832 --> 00:21:25,214 the Geneva Conference gave all Vietnamese 385 00:21:25,318 --> 00:21:28,287 300 days to go either north or south 386 00:21:28,390 --> 00:21:31,220 to the Red or non-Red area. 387 00:21:31,324 --> 00:21:33,292 Word of this opportunity to make a choice 388 00:21:33,395 --> 00:21:35,811 was supposed to be circulated in every village 389 00:21:35,915 --> 00:21:37,296 and town in the land. 390 00:21:37,399 --> 00:21:39,021 While Ho understandably made no effort 391 00:21:39,159 --> 00:21:43,681 to broadcast this information, over 1,200 thousand people who 392 00:21:43,819 --> 00:21:46,615 found themselves in the Communist North 393 00:21:46,684 --> 00:21:50,516 streamed south to freedom below the 17th parallel. 394 00:21:50,619 --> 00:21:54,416 This rush was still in progress when the 300 days were up, 395 00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:57,523 and Ho dropped the bamboo curtain. 396 00:21:57,626 --> 00:22:00,146 But in spite of the fact that he lowered the boom on them, 397 00:22:00,215 --> 00:22:04,012 officially, the continual defection of North Vietnamese 398 00:22:04,115 --> 00:22:08,361 and defection from the supposedly dedicated Viet Cong 399 00:22:08,499 --> 00:22:10,363 goes on to this day. 400 00:22:10,501 --> 00:22:13,332 From before 1960, US advisers were 401 00:22:13,435 --> 00:22:15,541 aiding the South Vietnamese. 402 00:22:15,679 --> 00:22:18,509 We had in the area what was known as the Military 403 00:22:18,613 --> 00:22:20,442 Assistance Command. 404 00:22:20,546 --> 00:22:21,995 We are fortunate to be able to hear 405 00:22:22,064 --> 00:22:26,483 from the man who was in charge almost from the beginning, 406 00:22:26,552 --> 00:22:28,312 General Paul Harkin. 407 00:22:28,381 --> 00:22:33,869 From February 8, 1962 until June 1964, 408 00:22:33,973 --> 00:22:36,562 I was the commander of the United States Military 409 00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:38,909 Assistance Command in Vietnam. 410 00:22:39,047 --> 00:22:41,739 And at capacity, I commanded all the United States 411 00:22:41,877 --> 00:22:46,019 forces in South Vietnam, the army, the Navy, 412 00:22:46,123 --> 00:22:48,194 the Air Force, and the Marines. 413 00:22:48,263 --> 00:22:52,405 We had no American combat troops in Vietnam at that time. 414 00:22:52,543 --> 00:22:55,270 Our role was strictly advisory. 415 00:22:55,374 --> 00:23:00,068 In that capacity, we trained the Army, Navy, and Air Force 416 00:23:00,171 --> 00:23:02,035 of the Vietnamese armed forces. 417 00:23:02,104 --> 00:23:05,556 You have probably heard people say that the United States 418 00:23:05,660 --> 00:23:08,041 shouldn't be over there in the first place, that's it 419 00:23:08,110 --> 00:23:11,597 an immoral war, that we are there illegally. 420 00:23:11,700 --> 00:23:14,738 The record shows that after the partition of Vietnam, 421 00:23:14,841 --> 00:23:17,603 President Eisenhower promised the government of South 422 00:23:17,741 --> 00:23:20,606 Vietnam, all possible aid. 423 00:23:20,709 --> 00:23:23,194 At the Geneva Conference, the North Vietnamese 424 00:23:23,298 --> 00:23:28,303 agreed not to molest people south of the 17th parallel, 425 00:23:28,407 --> 00:23:31,858 but when the Viet Cong started infiltrating and slaughtering 426 00:23:31,962 --> 00:23:35,448 village leaders, administrators, and school teachers, 427 00:23:35,586 --> 00:23:38,693 the president of South Vietnam asked for our help. 428 00:23:38,796 --> 00:23:41,074 He didn't ask Russia. 429 00:23:41,178 --> 00:23:43,456 He didn't ask communist China. 430 00:23:43,594 --> 00:23:45,803 He asked the United States of America 431 00:23:45,941 --> 00:23:49,566 if we could assist in stopping communist aggression 432 00:23:49,635 --> 00:23:52,258 and helping build up the resources of his country. 433 00:23:52,327 --> 00:23:55,088 This was when my headquarters, the Military Assistance Command 434 00:23:55,192 --> 00:23:56,987 was established. 435 00:23:57,125 --> 00:24:00,266 The South Vietnamese didn't have quite enough forces to protect 436 00:24:00,369 --> 00:24:01,992 all the villages at once. 437 00:24:02,130 --> 00:24:06,237 And we started in 1961, what we call the Strategic Hamlet 438 00:24:06,306 --> 00:24:08,723 Program, which simply meant a trained 439 00:24:08,826 --> 00:24:10,621 local force to protect the local people 440 00:24:10,725 --> 00:24:13,313 from communist infiltration. 441 00:24:13,417 --> 00:24:15,315 By the American advisors, the situation 442 00:24:15,454 --> 00:24:17,559 was frustrating in the extreme. 443 00:24:17,663 --> 00:24:19,630 They would aid a village in building a school 444 00:24:19,734 --> 00:24:21,805 and on the first dark night, the Viet Cong guerrillas 445 00:24:21,908 --> 00:24:25,153 would destroy it by mortar fire with mortars made 446 00:24:25,256 --> 00:24:27,293 in Russia or Communist China. 447 00:24:27,396 --> 00:24:29,191 In the back country, other Americans 448 00:24:29,295 --> 00:24:34,265 were helping to distribute food, medicine, and needed supplies. 449 00:24:34,334 --> 00:24:36,164 Special forces played an active part 450 00:24:36,267 --> 00:24:38,684 in training the South Vietnamese soldiers, 451 00:24:38,822 --> 00:24:41,756 as well as the Montagnard people in the highland. 452 00:24:41,859 --> 00:24:47,762 The special forces, a new unit in our services, 453 00:24:47,865 --> 00:24:49,867 is called the Green Berets. 454 00:24:49,971 --> 00:24:54,182 One of the best known of these is Sergeant Barry Sadler. 455 00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:56,495 We have a big job in Vietnam. 456 00:24:56,598 --> 00:24:58,807 The villagers on both the Mekong and the Highland 457 00:24:58,876 --> 00:25:00,775 are constantly threatened by the Viet Cong 458 00:25:00,878 --> 00:25:03,674 and their North Vietnamese allies, 459 00:25:03,778 --> 00:25:07,126 and often recruited into their armed forces, 460 00:25:07,229 --> 00:25:14,271 sometimes with use of propaganda, promises, lies. 461 00:25:14,374 --> 00:25:15,893 When that fails, they don't hesitate 462 00:25:15,997 --> 00:25:21,347 to use force, terrorism, even to butchering entire villages 463 00:25:21,450 --> 00:25:23,142 as an example to those who won't listen 464 00:25:23,211 --> 00:25:26,525 to their friendly persuasion. 465 00:25:26,594 --> 00:25:33,911 And when they use force, they use these, modern weapons made 466 00:25:34,015 --> 00:25:35,706 in Communist China and the Soviet 467 00:25:35,810 --> 00:25:39,123 Union, their communist allies. 468 00:25:42,264 --> 00:25:44,404 I spent a great deal of my time in the Vietnam 469 00:25:44,508 --> 00:25:46,406 working as a medic. 470 00:25:46,510 --> 00:25:51,204 I work in the villages with the people, and they needed help. 471 00:25:51,273 --> 00:25:53,275 And over a period of years, the health of these people 472 00:25:53,379 --> 00:25:58,833 has been greatly improved by the US medics in the field. 473 00:25:58,936 --> 00:26:01,076 You can't get to really know the people of Vietnam 474 00:26:01,214 --> 00:26:03,907 by staying around Saigon. 475 00:26:04,010 --> 00:26:07,773 Saigon's a big city with 4 and 1/2 million people in it, 476 00:26:07,876 --> 00:26:11,466 and with worst traffic than you'll find in New York. 477 00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:15,608 The marketplaces are crowded and filled with black market goods, 478 00:26:15,746 --> 00:26:18,956 everything from American coffee to opium. 479 00:26:19,060 --> 00:26:21,441 And like all cities in a war zone, 480 00:26:21,545 --> 00:26:24,686 the profiteers are after the buck. 481 00:26:24,790 --> 00:26:28,138 But south of Saigon lies the delta, 482 00:26:28,276 --> 00:26:33,557 28,000 square miles of the richest rice land in the world, 483 00:26:33,626 --> 00:26:36,284 rice land the communist won. 484 00:26:36,387 --> 00:26:40,702 Here's a housewife out catching poisonous snakes for the family 485 00:26:40,806 --> 00:26:44,257 dinner, and glad to get them. 486 00:26:44,326 --> 00:26:47,088 Where the Viet Cong mortared or burned a village, 487 00:26:47,157 --> 00:26:50,091 we came in to collect refugees and ferry them to a new, more 488 00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:55,303 secure area, one that was safe from the guerrillas, 489 00:26:55,406 --> 00:26:58,133 at least for the time being. 490 00:26:58,237 --> 00:27:00,515 Of course, the roads were mined or under possible mortar 491 00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:05,244 attack, and the villagers had to be moved in airborne operation. 492 00:27:05,347 --> 00:27:09,593 And everything went, including burial urns which contained 493 00:27:09,697 --> 00:27:13,424 the ashes of their ancestors, because these people always 494 00:27:13,493 --> 00:27:14,874 carry their dead with them. 495 00:27:18,844 --> 00:27:21,191 More and more aircraft were needed. 496 00:27:21,329 --> 00:27:23,503 But as we seem to be getting somewhere, 497 00:27:23,642 --> 00:27:26,265 it so infuriated the communists that they 498 00:27:26,368 --> 00:27:30,027 stepped up their attacks on these unarmed innocent people. 499 00:27:30,131 --> 00:27:32,789 Whole villages were burned to the ground. 500 00:27:32,858 --> 00:27:34,273 Farmers were mortared and machine 501 00:27:34,376 --> 00:27:35,930 gunned in their rice paddies while trying 502 00:27:36,033 --> 00:27:38,001 to gather their crops. 503 00:27:38,104 --> 00:27:42,108 The attacks became more and more vicious and fanatical. 504 00:27:42,212 --> 00:27:44,214 It seems incredible, but the knowledge 505 00:27:44,352 --> 00:27:46,803 of these terror tactics didn't inflame the free world 506 00:27:46,872 --> 00:27:49,184 against the communists. 507 00:27:49,288 --> 00:27:53,879 But unbelievably criticism of our operations began to mount. 508 00:27:53,982 --> 00:27:57,468 It was frustrating for a soldier halfway around the world 509 00:27:57,572 --> 00:28:00,333 fighting a war, and it seemed like the enemy was 510 00:28:00,437 --> 00:28:03,129 the good guy in the white hats. 511 00:28:03,233 --> 00:28:04,717 It was as if the American public were 512 00:28:04,855 --> 00:28:08,065 only getting the information the Reds wanted them to. 513 00:28:08,169 --> 00:28:10,550 In fact, I'd say the Press had been more help to the enemy 514 00:28:10,654 --> 00:28:12,069 than a fresh division. 515 00:28:12,207 --> 00:28:16,349 To the Americans in the mid 60s the situation 516 00:28:16,453 --> 00:28:18,144 really became explosive. 517 00:28:18,248 --> 00:28:21,389 All the troops were told to avoid combat. 518 00:28:21,492 --> 00:28:26,325 We were losing more and more advisors all the time. 519 00:28:26,428 --> 00:28:29,604 In the summer of '64, some of our destroyers 520 00:28:29,742 --> 00:28:33,263 were patrolling in the Gulf of Concord, and two of them 521 00:28:33,366 --> 00:28:37,577 were fired upon by North Vietnamese gunboats. 522 00:28:37,716 --> 00:28:39,372 A man who was in the unique position 523 00:28:39,441 --> 00:28:43,273 to see the whole thing develop is Admiral 524 00:28:43,411 --> 00:28:48,347 US Grant Sharp, former Commander in Chief of Pacific operations. 525 00:28:48,416 --> 00:28:49,658 Admiral Sharp. 526 00:28:49,762 --> 00:28:53,007 In early 1965, President Johnson 527 00:28:53,110 --> 00:28:58,460 decided that US combat troops were necessary in South Vietnam 528 00:28:58,564 --> 00:29:02,602 to keep the country from being overrun by the communists, 529 00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:05,053 so that is how it started. 530 00:29:05,122 --> 00:29:08,091 Our objectives are clear and honorable. 531 00:29:08,194 --> 00:29:12,405 They are simply to prevent the success of North 532 00:29:12,474 --> 00:29:18,135 Vietnamese aggression, to prevent Viet Cong terror, 533 00:29:18,239 --> 00:29:22,243 and to allow the country to live in peace and freedom. 534 00:29:22,312 --> 00:29:25,246 While our objectives are correct, 535 00:29:25,315 --> 00:29:27,938 the methods we have used to achieve them 536 00:29:28,042 --> 00:29:30,044 leave much to be desired. 537 00:29:30,147 --> 00:29:32,253 We inserted our forces piecemeal, 538 00:29:32,322 --> 00:29:36,567 and then, worst of all, we never used our tremendous air 539 00:29:36,636 --> 00:29:38,742 and Naval power effectively. 540 00:29:38,811 --> 00:29:41,055 Before the admiral goes on, notice 541 00:29:41,158 --> 00:29:45,300 that just as with the Berlin pullback in World War II, 542 00:29:45,404 --> 00:29:47,233 and the hamstringing of the military 543 00:29:47,337 --> 00:29:50,236 during the Korean mess, the no-win policy 544 00:29:50,340 --> 00:29:54,896 dictated by behind the scenes powers in Washington 545 00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,174 is again in force and has been ever 546 00:29:57,312 --> 00:30:00,177 since President Kennedy committed 547 00:30:00,281 --> 00:30:02,352 us to this no-win conflict. 548 00:30:02,490 --> 00:30:04,595 From the beginning, we should have closed the harbor 549 00:30:04,699 --> 00:30:08,461 of Haiphong and prevented all the vital imports 550 00:30:08,565 --> 00:30:10,705 from reaching that area. 551 00:30:10,843 --> 00:30:15,330 Instead, we permitted them to import all the necessities 552 00:30:15,434 --> 00:30:21,578 of war without any difficulties whatsoever despite the fact 553 00:30:21,681 --> 00:30:23,200 that we control the seas. 554 00:30:23,304 --> 00:30:25,030 This was a great mistake of course, 555 00:30:25,168 --> 00:30:27,964 and immeasurably increased the casualties 556 00:30:28,033 --> 00:30:30,380 that our side incurred. 557 00:30:30,518 --> 00:30:32,727 One of the best features of a Naval blockade, 558 00:30:32,831 --> 00:30:37,249 or a blockade by mining, is that there are very few casualties 559 00:30:37,352 --> 00:30:38,388 involved. 560 00:30:38,491 --> 00:30:41,667 The country which is blockaded against simply 561 00:30:41,770 --> 00:30:43,876 doesn't get the supplies they need, 562 00:30:44,014 --> 00:30:48,536 and thus their capacity to fight is greatly reduced. 563 00:30:48,674 --> 00:30:50,055 Whenever we fight the communists, 564 00:30:50,193 --> 00:30:53,368 they seem to have help from somebody on our side. 565 00:30:53,472 --> 00:30:55,129 Somebody always wants to bend over 566 00:30:55,232 --> 00:30:57,821 backwards to avoid getting tough with them, 567 00:30:57,890 --> 00:30:59,719 doing them any damage. 568 00:30:59,858 --> 00:31:02,377 I can't figure this as a innocent attitude, 569 00:31:02,481 --> 00:31:05,794 especially since the Reds tell us continually 570 00:31:05,898 --> 00:31:08,797 exactly what they're going to do. 571 00:31:08,901 --> 00:31:11,559 Now Lenin said war is simply continuation 572 00:31:11,662 --> 00:31:14,217 of politics by other means. 573 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:17,151 He's admitting that if they can't convert you 574 00:31:17,254 --> 00:31:19,532 by peaceful means, they'll just switch to violence 575 00:31:19,636 --> 00:31:21,155 and pull a gun on you. 576 00:31:21,258 --> 00:31:24,227 He also said something else in that book. 577 00:31:24,330 --> 00:31:29,266 He said that the assistance of the Soviet Republic 578 00:31:29,370 --> 00:31:33,408 side by side with the United States is unthinkable. 579 00:31:33,512 --> 00:31:36,446 One or the other must triumph in the end. 580 00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:39,449 Now Lenin's school of poetical warfare in Moscow 581 00:31:39,587 --> 00:31:44,385 teaches that, "war is to the hilt between communism 582 00:31:44,488 --> 00:31:45,765 and the free world. 583 00:31:45,869 --> 00:31:47,802 It is inevitable." 584 00:31:47,906 --> 00:31:51,944 Now don't take my word for it, just get one of these books 585 00:31:52,048 --> 00:31:54,395 and read it for yourself. 586 00:31:54,464 --> 00:31:57,743 If you want to know how they're doing so far, 587 00:31:57,846 --> 00:32:00,194 let's take a look. 588 00:32:00,297 --> 00:32:02,127 They have East Europe. 589 00:32:02,230 --> 00:32:04,784 They're around big Cuba on one side 590 00:32:04,888 --> 00:32:08,133 and getting ready to break out in Korea on the other, 591 00:32:08,236 --> 00:32:11,101 and about to wear us to a nub in Vietnam. 592 00:32:11,205 --> 00:32:14,622 Well, the patience of a nation or the fighting men 593 00:32:14,725 --> 00:32:16,589 will wear out. 594 00:32:16,658 --> 00:32:20,041 If your own side won't let you win since that's what 595 00:32:20,145 --> 00:32:22,630 the Reds want, it makes you wonder 596 00:32:22,768 --> 00:32:24,804 who's controlling our destiny. 597 00:32:24,908 --> 00:32:28,739 The boys on the firing line are the most frustrated of all. 598 00:32:28,808 --> 00:32:30,810 Listen to a man who not long ago was 599 00:32:30,914 --> 00:32:34,159 flying a gunship in Vietnam. 600 00:32:34,297 --> 00:32:36,989 We were never really allowed to go on the offensive. 601 00:32:37,127 --> 00:32:39,509 We were constantly clearing out areas, 602 00:32:39,647 --> 00:32:42,132 only to let the Viet Cong go back in as soon 603 00:32:42,236 --> 00:32:43,789 as we had moved out. 604 00:32:43,892 --> 00:32:45,791 On the search and destroy missions 605 00:32:45,894 --> 00:32:47,827 we would burn up an area with lead, 606 00:32:47,966 --> 00:32:51,176 or lay down a base of fire as the term is. 607 00:32:51,314 --> 00:32:53,350 Then the troops were lifted in. 608 00:32:53,488 --> 00:32:56,112 The boys would be landed and take off into the brush 609 00:32:56,181 --> 00:32:58,114 after the Viet Cong. 610 00:32:58,183 --> 00:32:59,839 When the guys on the ground were at work, 611 00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:02,532 the expression, smoking them out, 612 00:33:02,635 --> 00:33:05,535 was an appropriate description of how they operated. 613 00:33:05,638 --> 00:33:07,813 Later, after they had swept the area, 614 00:33:07,882 --> 00:33:11,506 we'd come back and pick them up, and fly them back to the base. 615 00:33:11,610 --> 00:33:14,993 It would be anywhere from two days to two months. 616 00:33:15,096 --> 00:33:17,167 One thing great about the chopper, 617 00:33:17,271 --> 00:33:19,514 we would be able to get the wounded to the hospital 618 00:33:19,652 --> 00:33:21,137 in a matter of minutes. 619 00:33:21,206 --> 00:33:23,829 We arranged the delta looking for infiltrators, 620 00:33:23,898 --> 00:33:28,178 but the trouble was justice in the city streets, the markets, 621 00:33:28,282 --> 00:33:31,975 or on the water front, the North Vietnamese and the 622 00:33:32,044 --> 00:33:33,356 South Vietnamese look alike. 623 00:33:33,459 --> 00:33:36,876 And you can't tell them apart until it's too late. 624 00:33:36,980 --> 00:33:39,362 The sand-pans below contain concealed 625 00:33:39,465 --> 00:33:41,881 guerrilla terrorists armed to the teeth 626 00:33:42,020 --> 00:33:43,745 and loaded down with grenades. 627 00:33:43,883 --> 00:33:47,197 Our night photo planes told us that during the night 628 00:33:47,301 --> 00:33:49,406 they had slipped in from Cambodia, 629 00:33:49,544 --> 00:33:52,064 but due to the political restrictions 630 00:33:52,168 --> 00:33:53,514 we couldn't hit them. 631 00:33:53,583 --> 00:33:56,413 One thing bad about the war, we couldn't shoot 632 00:33:56,517 --> 00:33:58,415 until they fired at us first. 633 00:33:58,519 --> 00:34:01,832 A lot of my buddies never got a chance to fire back. 634 00:34:01,901 --> 00:34:03,731 It's tough when a politician gets 635 00:34:03,834 --> 00:34:05,595 a hold of your trigger finger. 636 00:34:05,733 --> 00:34:09,426 Sometimes we found their boats hidden in marsh areas covered 637 00:34:09,530 --> 00:34:14,086 with reeds, these, we destroyed because the area was off limits 638 00:34:14,190 --> 00:34:16,537 to the local populace. 639 00:34:16,606 --> 00:34:19,091 Once the troops uncovered an ammunition assembly 640 00:34:19,195 --> 00:34:21,576 plant that was actually below the surface 641 00:34:21,680 --> 00:34:24,234 of the swampy terrain. 642 00:34:24,338 --> 00:34:27,755 The troops found a lot of grenades and explosives 643 00:34:27,858 --> 00:34:31,517 with Chinese markings, the products of munitions factories 644 00:34:31,586 --> 00:34:32,863 in Red China. 645 00:34:32,967 --> 00:34:36,246 When an area became heavily overrun with Viet Cong, 646 00:34:36,350 --> 00:34:40,112 we would pinpoint them and call in the Air Force. 647 00:34:40,250 --> 00:34:43,115 With our let the enemy shoot first policy 648 00:34:43,219 --> 00:34:46,118 we saved a lot of American lives by not having 649 00:34:46,222 --> 00:34:49,708 to drop our ground soldiers into the hot spots, 650 00:34:49,811 --> 00:34:54,195 but the bearded, bleeding hearts at home and lefty politicians 651 00:34:54,299 --> 00:34:56,197 soon put a stop to this. 652 00:34:56,301 --> 00:34:59,131 I guess we weren't supposed to hurt the enemy. 653 00:34:59,235 --> 00:35:01,306 The kind of war we were forced to fight 654 00:35:01,444 --> 00:35:03,446 was bound to get us nowhere. 655 00:35:03,549 --> 00:35:06,069 But worst of all, the guys on the ground 656 00:35:06,138 --> 00:35:09,141 might take an area or a hill with great loss 657 00:35:09,245 --> 00:35:11,074 of blood and life. 658 00:35:11,143 --> 00:35:12,903 They would have to withdraw and might 659 00:35:13,007 --> 00:35:16,390 have to take it all over again three months later. 660 00:35:16,493 --> 00:35:20,394 We all felt more and more frustrated as time went by. 661 00:35:20,497 --> 00:35:22,913 Now I can understand why so many of the people at home 662 00:35:23,017 --> 00:35:26,296 wanted us to call it quits and bring the troops home. 663 00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:29,679 Most Americans at home are honestly concerned. 664 00:35:29,782 --> 00:35:33,510 But unlike any other war that we were ever involved in, 665 00:35:33,648 --> 00:35:35,788 we have a communist-inspired front 666 00:35:35,857 --> 00:35:38,274 in our streets working on the civilities 667 00:35:38,343 --> 00:35:40,517 of a lot of honest people. 668 00:35:40,621 --> 00:35:44,418 They claim they are simply going all out for peace, while a lot 669 00:35:44,521 --> 00:35:49,008 of them burn the American flag, stamp it into the ground 670 00:35:49,147 --> 00:35:51,632 while waving the flag of the Viet Cong, 671 00:35:51,701 --> 00:35:54,117 who have tortured and killed tens of thousands 672 00:35:54,221 --> 00:35:57,431 of innocent civilians whose only crime was that they resisted 673 00:35:57,534 --> 00:35:59,502 joining the Red ranks. 674 00:35:59,605 --> 00:36:01,676 Would you call a person who backed 675 00:36:01,780 --> 00:36:06,854 the enemy, a peace advocate or a member of the enemy's forces? 676 00:36:06,957 --> 00:36:10,064 Well, someone who backs our forces, who has traveled 677 00:36:10,168 --> 00:36:14,206 to Vietnam many times, who has gone to all the combat zones 678 00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:16,795 to entertain the fighting men, and one 679 00:36:16,898 --> 00:36:19,832 of the best loved stars of the American public, 680 00:36:19,936 --> 00:36:21,489 is Martha Raye. 681 00:36:21,558 --> 00:36:24,665 She can tell it like is, Martha Raye. 682 00:36:24,734 --> 00:36:28,393 Thank you, Duke, from one green beret to another. 683 00:36:28,531 --> 00:36:30,395 I've just returned from my eighth trip 684 00:36:30,533 --> 00:36:32,569 overseas with our troops, and I'm now 685 00:36:32,673 --> 00:36:34,502 returning from my ninth trip. 686 00:36:34,571 --> 00:36:38,230 I take it and my gear together to go back home with my family, 687 00:36:38,334 --> 00:36:40,094 and they're also your family too. 688 00:36:40,198 --> 00:36:44,409 Our troops are shocked at the attitude of college officials 689 00:36:44,512 --> 00:36:48,482 and others who stoutly maintain there is no organized direction 690 00:36:48,585 --> 00:36:52,210 to the [inaudible], that all the demonstrations are 691 00:36:52,313 --> 00:36:55,661 spontaneous and unorganized. 692 00:36:55,765 --> 00:37:00,252 We may rest assure these servicemen are not deceived. 693 00:37:00,390 --> 00:37:03,013 The Reds have declared in no uncertain terms 694 00:37:03,117 --> 00:37:06,258 that they are going to destroy the moral character of a 695 00:37:06,362 --> 00:37:08,260 generation of young Americans. 696 00:37:08,364 --> 00:37:09,744 And when they have finished, there 697 00:37:09,848 --> 00:37:13,507 will be nothing left to defend ourselves against them. 698 00:37:16,855 --> 00:37:18,926 And they're doing a pretty thorough job 699 00:37:19,064 --> 00:37:21,204 on some of our kids. 700 00:37:21,273 --> 00:37:22,447 And while this is happening, they 701 00:37:22,585 --> 00:37:25,346 won't let us defend ourselves in the manner 702 00:37:25,450 --> 00:37:29,419 that all great military minds advocate, to attack, 703 00:37:29,523 --> 00:37:32,146 strike the enemy in his own territory. 704 00:37:32,250 --> 00:37:36,184 We keep coming back to this as a central problem in our war 705 00:37:36,288 --> 00:37:37,807 on communism. 706 00:37:37,910 --> 00:37:40,948 Let Admiral Sharp tell it to you the way he saw it. 707 00:37:41,051 --> 00:37:45,297 The major problem was that we were restricted in the targets 708 00:37:45,435 --> 00:37:48,300 that we could hit. 709 00:37:48,438 --> 00:37:52,028 We started in the southern part of North Vietnam 710 00:37:52,131 --> 00:37:54,927 and gradually worked north. 711 00:37:54,996 --> 00:37:59,380 Will the result that the North Vietnamese with the Soviet's 712 00:37:59,484 --> 00:38:03,626 assistance were permitted to build up their defenses 713 00:38:03,729 --> 00:38:06,249 around Hanoi and Hai Phong. 714 00:38:06,318 --> 00:38:08,769 So that when our planes eventually 715 00:38:08,838 --> 00:38:11,910 got into the Hanoi-Hai Phong area, 716 00:38:12,013 --> 00:38:15,776 they were met by the most concentrated and accurate air 717 00:38:15,845 --> 00:38:18,675 defenses that any country has ever faced. 718 00:38:18,813 --> 00:38:21,644 Even so, with their very heavy defenses 719 00:38:21,747 --> 00:38:24,647 and with the restrictions are on our air attacks, 720 00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:28,029 we were still able to damage North Vietnam to the extent 721 00:38:28,167 --> 00:38:33,345 that in the fall of 1967, they were in great difficulty. 722 00:38:33,483 --> 00:38:37,591 Had we been allowed to go in 1968, 723 00:38:37,694 --> 00:38:40,352 and hit the targets that needed to be hit, 724 00:38:40,456 --> 00:38:44,045 and keep the targets down that we had already hit, 725 00:38:44,183 --> 00:38:50,051 the war would certainly had been over by the end of 1968. 726 00:38:50,155 --> 00:38:53,192 If you aren't sufficiently convinced by the admiral, 727 00:38:53,296 --> 00:38:55,816 listen to one of the Navy bomber pilots. 728 00:38:55,885 --> 00:39:00,165 I think I'm speaking for 99% of all the men that have been 729 00:39:00,268 --> 00:39:01,856 to Vietnam, whether in a flying status 730 00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:05,135 or on the ground, when I say that it's one of the most 731 00:39:05,239 --> 00:39:08,449 frustrating experiences a man, particularly a fighting man, 732 00:39:08,553 --> 00:39:09,899 could go through. 733 00:39:10,037 --> 00:39:12,177 I think I can say that all of us who went over there, 734 00:39:12,280 --> 00:39:14,559 and I know all of us that were together 735 00:39:14,662 --> 00:39:16,215 in my particular group, went over 736 00:39:16,319 --> 00:39:18,356 there with a exhilarating feeling 737 00:39:18,459 --> 00:39:20,392 that they were going to go into battle 738 00:39:20,530 --> 00:39:21,911 and do the job that had to be done. 739 00:39:22,014 --> 00:39:25,293 They were going to be allowed to get to the targets. 740 00:39:25,397 --> 00:39:26,916 And of course, we always go in with the feeling 741 00:39:27,019 --> 00:39:29,919 that we want to help the men on the ground as much as we can, 742 00:39:30,057 --> 00:39:32,853 and we do this by bombing the necessary targets. 743 00:39:32,922 --> 00:39:35,580 The logistics lines, the munitions dumps, 744 00:39:35,683 --> 00:39:39,204 the petroleum stations that prevent the enemy from getting 745 00:39:39,307 --> 00:39:40,861 this stuff down into South Vietnam 746 00:39:40,930 --> 00:39:44,416 and using it against our men and, our allies, the South 747 00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:45,900 Vietnamese. 748 00:39:46,004 --> 00:39:48,696 But it wasn't long until we realized that because 749 00:39:48,765 --> 00:39:50,595 of the political restrictions that were placed 750 00:39:50,698 --> 00:39:53,943 upon this particular war, it was to be 751 00:39:54,046 --> 00:39:57,602 similar to the Korean War, only probably worse. 752 00:39:57,705 --> 00:39:59,914 And that we were not allowed to get to these targets 753 00:40:00,018 --> 00:40:03,124 that we knew were necessary targets and vital targets, 754 00:40:03,262 --> 00:40:06,438 to destroy them and to prevent these supplies, and enemy 755 00:40:06,576 --> 00:40:08,406 equipment, and enemy soldiers from getting 756 00:40:08,509 --> 00:40:10,269 into South Vietnam. 757 00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:12,030 We knew that they were going down there. 758 00:40:12,133 --> 00:40:14,619 And we knew how they were getting down there. 759 00:40:14,722 --> 00:40:16,793 We knew where the targets were. 760 00:40:16,897 --> 00:40:18,554 But there was so much frustration in there 761 00:40:18,623 --> 00:40:21,039 that when they came back, and we told the people back 762 00:40:21,142 --> 00:40:23,628 on the carriers, the air intelligence people, 763 00:40:23,766 --> 00:40:26,769 the admiral's war room, that these targets were there, 764 00:40:26,872 --> 00:40:29,392 that we'd like to go bomb them, they were just as frustrated 765 00:40:29,461 --> 00:40:31,429 as we were because they had to then send 766 00:40:31,532 --> 00:40:33,948 a message back to Washington to get permission 767 00:40:34,052 --> 00:40:35,294 to bomb these targets. 768 00:40:35,433 --> 00:40:37,400 And this permission never came. 769 00:40:37,469 --> 00:40:39,195 I recall when they were first setting up 770 00:40:39,298 --> 00:40:40,990 the missiles sites over there. 771 00:40:41,128 --> 00:40:44,303 Missiles, at that time, had been used against American aircraft 772 00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:45,822 flying over North Vietnam. 773 00:40:45,960 --> 00:40:48,238 But we came back and told the responsible people 774 00:40:48,342 --> 00:40:50,758 on the carrier that these missile sites were going up, 775 00:40:50,827 --> 00:40:51,966 that we could see them down there, 776 00:40:52,070 --> 00:40:53,589 they were getting prepared, that we 777 00:40:53,658 --> 00:40:55,660 ought to go back and bomb them. 778 00:40:55,763 --> 00:40:57,731 But once again, our hands were tied, 779 00:40:57,834 --> 00:40:59,318 the admiral's hands were tied. 780 00:40:59,422 --> 00:41:01,424 They had to go back to Washington 781 00:41:01,493 --> 00:41:03,599 through channels with a message, and 782 00:41:03,668 --> 00:41:05,221 the message came back, no, we could 783 00:41:05,324 --> 00:41:06,498 not bomb the missile sites. 784 00:41:06,636 --> 00:41:08,673 Until the time came that two of our planes 785 00:41:08,811 --> 00:41:10,329 were shot down on these missiles on a night 786 00:41:10,468 --> 00:41:12,608 mission or an early evening mission. 787 00:41:12,677 --> 00:41:15,265 And the whole thing was they tried to give the indication 788 00:41:15,369 --> 00:41:17,682 that they had not known ahead of time that these missile 789 00:41:17,785 --> 00:41:19,028 sites were there. 790 00:41:19,131 --> 00:41:20,823 And of course, this is frustrating to a man 791 00:41:20,926 --> 00:41:24,171 to see his friends, roommate, the people that he has gone 792 00:41:24,274 --> 00:41:27,001 through training with, go down in a situation knowing 793 00:41:27,105 --> 00:41:28,589 full well that it could have been 794 00:41:28,693 --> 00:41:31,109 prevented long before had the politicians allowed 795 00:41:31,178 --> 00:41:32,697 you to do so. 796 00:41:32,800 --> 00:41:34,526 Now, when I say restrictions once again, 797 00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:36,597 I say restrictions, such as these. 798 00:41:36,701 --> 00:41:38,185 We could fly over enemy air fields 799 00:41:38,288 --> 00:41:40,843 where the planes were sitting on the airfield. 800 00:41:40,946 --> 00:41:44,294 We knew what they were there for but we couldn't harm them. 801 00:41:44,398 --> 00:41:47,194 These same planes could come up behind our aircraft, 802 00:41:47,297 --> 00:41:49,541 and shoot them down, and climb back down on the deck, 803 00:41:49,679 --> 00:41:51,336 and we were not permitted to go after them 804 00:41:51,439 --> 00:41:53,476 once they got to that airfield. 805 00:41:53,545 --> 00:41:55,064 There was even such a restriction 806 00:41:55,167 --> 00:41:57,411 at the particular time I was there that you could not shoot 807 00:41:57,515 --> 00:42:01,035 an enemy aircraft until he had fired at you, which is to say 808 00:42:01,139 --> 00:42:03,313 that, if he didn't shoot you down first, 809 00:42:03,382 --> 00:42:04,970 then you had a chance at him. 810 00:42:05,074 --> 00:42:07,663 I wish that some of the liberal senators taking 811 00:42:07,732 --> 00:42:09,734 on a negative stand in this situation 812 00:42:09,872 --> 00:42:13,082 to promote their own political ambitions 813 00:42:13,220 --> 00:42:15,567 could be put in the same spot as our boys 814 00:42:15,705 --> 00:42:18,846 overseas with one arm tied behind them, 815 00:42:18,915 --> 00:42:22,574 or maybe two, face this treacherous enemy. 816 00:42:22,678 --> 00:42:24,921 One time, we couldn't bomb convoys. 817 00:42:25,025 --> 00:42:27,683 Finally, we were cleared to bomb these particular targets 818 00:42:27,752 --> 00:42:30,099 but only so long as they were on a roadway. 819 00:42:30,202 --> 00:42:32,929 It doesn't matter if you knew that this particular convoy 820 00:42:33,067 --> 00:42:36,174 was carrying munitions, supplies, 821 00:42:36,243 --> 00:42:37,416 going into South Vietnam. 822 00:42:37,555 --> 00:42:38,728 We knew their routes. 823 00:42:38,832 --> 00:42:40,558 We knew where they were going down Route 1 824 00:42:40,661 --> 00:42:41,835 through Mu Gia Pass. 825 00:42:41,938 --> 00:42:45,563 And as far as bomb shortages at that time, 826 00:42:45,666 --> 00:42:47,461 Mr. McNamara, who was Secretary of Defense, 827 00:42:47,599 --> 00:42:52,017 was decrying that there was no substance to the information 828 00:42:52,121 --> 00:42:55,918 that we were experiencing a shortage of bombs, aircraft, 829 00:42:56,021 --> 00:42:57,885 or flyers in the Vietnam area. 830 00:42:57,954 --> 00:43:01,544 And Congressman Mitchell had been on the carrier 831 00:43:01,613 --> 00:43:04,685 and had personally seen these missions 832 00:43:04,789 --> 00:43:06,963 where we were taking off. 833 00:43:07,067 --> 00:43:09,034 Loading with maybe 1/5 a bomb load. 834 00:43:09,138 --> 00:43:12,141 An aircraft that could carry 24 of this particular type bomb, 835 00:43:12,279 --> 00:43:13,970 we were carrying maybe four of these bombs. 836 00:43:14,108 --> 00:43:16,697 On some days, instead of carrying bombs 837 00:43:16,801 --> 00:43:18,561 to a target that clearly called for bombs, 838 00:43:18,630 --> 00:43:20,218 we'd be carrying rockets. 839 00:43:20,321 --> 00:43:22,807 And when you'd ask your deck officer why we were doing this, 840 00:43:22,910 --> 00:43:25,775 he would say because we don't have enough bombs to last 841 00:43:25,879 --> 00:43:28,813 the rest of the month if we carry them on every load, 842 00:43:28,951 --> 00:43:30,780 or if we load the planes fully. 843 00:43:30,884 --> 00:43:34,439 So it was obvious to us that we were sending out five planes 844 00:43:34,508 --> 00:43:37,304 on a mission, or four planes, that were loaded with maybe 845 00:43:37,407 --> 00:43:40,652 a fourth or a fifth of a load of bombs, when we could have sent 846 00:43:40,790 --> 00:43:42,896 one or two planes with a full load, 847 00:43:42,999 --> 00:43:47,072 and gotten the same job done with a minimum risk of lives 848 00:43:47,141 --> 00:43:48,522 and equipment. 849 00:43:48,626 --> 00:43:51,076 Of course, you're talking about a $3.5 million aircraft in case 850 00:43:51,180 --> 00:43:53,907 you're not interested in the lives involves, 851 00:43:54,010 --> 00:43:58,808 but this is a thing that was frustrating to us, you see. 852 00:43:58,912 --> 00:44:00,845 Our only concern was that we could get in 853 00:44:00,983 --> 00:44:02,467 and be allowed to do the job. 854 00:44:02,536 --> 00:44:06,022 When you send men into war, you should send them in there 855 00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:08,853 with the idea they are risking their lives, 856 00:44:08,991 --> 00:44:10,475 and for risking those lives, they 857 00:44:10,544 --> 00:44:13,029 should be allowed to do the job, to take the action that's 858 00:44:13,133 --> 00:44:16,688 necessary to minimize the risk of their lives 859 00:44:16,792 --> 00:44:20,658 and to get to the enemy and get the job done 860 00:44:20,761 --> 00:44:22,211 in a minimum amount of time and get 861 00:44:22,314 --> 00:44:24,834 back their homes and their families where they want to be. 862 00:44:24,938 --> 00:44:27,423 And this hasn't been done in Vietnam. 863 00:44:27,526 --> 00:44:28,769 And the only way that we're going 864 00:44:28,873 --> 00:44:33,187 to come to a successful conclusion over there 865 00:44:33,291 --> 00:44:35,051 is to defeat the enemy. 866 00:44:35,189 --> 00:44:37,882 Just as bad as a no-win restriction, 867 00:44:38,020 --> 00:44:40,885 maybe worse, is the policy of helping 868 00:44:40,988 --> 00:44:44,716 the enemy to get goods and munitions 869 00:44:44,820 --> 00:44:46,684 with which to defeat it. 870 00:44:46,787 --> 00:44:48,858 Does that sound idiotic? 871 00:44:48,962 --> 00:44:50,964 We'll listen to a young green beret 872 00:44:51,067 --> 00:44:54,139 named Peter Stark who lost both legs below the knees 873 00:44:54,208 --> 00:44:55,485 in Vietnam. 874 00:44:55,554 --> 00:44:58,074 The only way to break communist will 875 00:44:58,212 --> 00:45:00,421 is to break the communist back. 876 00:45:00,559 --> 00:45:04,632 To do this, you must eliminate their access to that material 877 00:45:04,736 --> 00:45:07,808 which they need to wage a war. 878 00:45:07,912 --> 00:45:09,258 You must eliminate their means. 879 00:45:09,361 --> 00:45:11,674 The United States had never significantly attempted 880 00:45:11,743 --> 00:45:14,263 to eliminate their means of war with which 881 00:45:14,401 --> 00:45:17,507 they kill American soldiers in the South Vietnam. 882 00:45:17,611 --> 00:45:20,200 We have assured their main supplier of war goods, 883 00:45:20,269 --> 00:45:25,067 the Soviet Union, and its satellite nation, its colonies, 884 00:45:25,170 --> 00:45:28,380 which supplies 80% of all the North Vietnamese war material, 885 00:45:28,449 --> 00:45:31,176 we have assured the Soviet Bloc countries that we will not 886 00:45:31,280 --> 00:45:34,007 interfere in their shipment of war goods 887 00:45:34,110 --> 00:45:36,078 to the North Vietnamese enemy. 888 00:45:36,181 --> 00:45:38,597 At the same time that we have assured them we will not 889 00:45:38,701 --> 00:45:43,085 interfere with his shipment, we have continued our policy 890 00:45:43,188 --> 00:45:47,710 of trading with the Soviet Bloc, of sending strategic materials 891 00:45:47,779 --> 00:45:50,126 to the Soviet enemy. 892 00:45:50,264 --> 00:45:55,304 For example, in 1966, the United States sent the Soviet Union 893 00:45:55,407 --> 00:45:57,616 the entire technical specifications 894 00:45:57,755 --> 00:46:01,137 which they needed to build a glycerol plant. 895 00:46:01,275 --> 00:46:04,727 Glycerol is used in the manufacture of explosives. 896 00:46:04,796 --> 00:46:07,730 I think everybody's heard of nitroglycerin. 897 00:46:07,799 --> 00:46:09,974 Specifically, in Vietnam, glycerol is used 898 00:46:10,077 --> 00:46:12,045 as a detonator in booby traps. 899 00:46:12,148 --> 00:46:16,152 Over 50% of all American casualties suffered in South 900 00:46:16,290 --> 00:46:19,915 Vietnam have come from booby traps. 901 00:46:19,984 --> 00:46:23,263 I do not think it can be satisfactorily explained 902 00:46:23,332 --> 00:46:26,507 to a man who has lost his eyesight because 903 00:46:26,611 --> 00:46:31,789 of a booby trap-- or to the parents of a man who has been 904 00:46:31,892 --> 00:46:35,516 killed on a booby trap in South Vietnam-- 905 00:46:35,620 --> 00:46:39,175 why the government that sent this man to South Vietnam 906 00:46:39,313 --> 00:46:44,491 refuses to interfere not only with the enemy receiving 907 00:46:44,629 --> 00:46:46,148 this type of weapon, but actually 908 00:46:46,251 --> 00:46:48,702 helped the enemy to produce it. 909 00:46:48,806 --> 00:46:55,536 A screaming example, late 1969, we loaned Sweden $50 million. 910 00:46:55,640 --> 00:47:03,027 Early 1970, Sweden loans $45 million directly to Hanoi. 911 00:47:03,130 --> 00:47:05,443 For those of us who have been there, 912 00:47:05,512 --> 00:47:08,826 Vietnam is not a phony war. 913 00:47:08,929 --> 00:47:12,381 It was and is a very real war. 914 00:47:12,484 --> 00:47:14,866 It is not a limited war because there is 915 00:47:15,004 --> 00:47:18,042 no such thing as limited death. 916 00:47:18,180 --> 00:47:21,045 We're glad to have fought in Vietnam for the United 917 00:47:21,148 --> 00:47:22,874 States of America and for freedom 918 00:47:22,978 --> 00:47:24,738 of the South Vietnamese people. 919 00:47:24,842 --> 00:47:28,949 Many of my friends, your sons, your husbands, your brothers, 920 00:47:29,053 --> 00:47:32,056 and in some cases, your fathers, have died fighting 921 00:47:32,159 --> 00:47:34,230 the communist enemy in Asia. 922 00:47:34,368 --> 00:47:36,370 You should be very proud of these men. 923 00:47:36,474 --> 00:47:37,406 They were good men. 924 00:47:37,544 --> 00:47:39,995 They died for the freedom of others. 925 00:47:40,064 --> 00:47:42,583 No more can be asked from any man. 926 00:47:42,721 --> 00:47:45,310 They were willing to fight because they know that 927 00:47:45,414 --> 00:47:48,037 on that day that Americans are not willing to fight 928 00:47:48,141 --> 00:47:49,556 for their freedom. 929 00:47:49,659 --> 00:47:55,907 On that day, America will no longer have its own freedom. 930 00:47:56,011 --> 00:47:59,600 Many people have not been informed of the fact 931 00:47:59,738 --> 00:48:03,639 that Vietnam is more than just an isolated burstfire 932 00:48:03,742 --> 00:48:06,159 war halfway around the world. 933 00:48:06,262 --> 00:48:08,333 It has a much deeper meaning than that. 934 00:48:08,437 --> 00:48:12,682 Vietnam is one battle in a war for the world. 935 00:48:12,786 --> 00:48:16,548 It is a battle we are losing not on the field of battle 936 00:48:16,652 --> 00:48:18,585 but here at home. 937 00:48:18,688 --> 00:48:21,105 The Soviet empire is expanding. 938 00:48:21,243 --> 00:48:24,418 The communists are definitely serious about their stated 939 00:48:24,556 --> 00:48:26,765 goal of world conquest. 940 00:48:26,869 --> 00:48:29,872 They are as serious as Hitler and his National Socialist 941 00:48:29,941 --> 00:48:33,427 Party were about world conquest. 942 00:48:33,531 --> 00:48:37,535 All Americans must remember that the Soviet enemy is 943 00:48:37,604 --> 00:48:40,296 only 20 minutes away by rocket. 944 00:48:40,400 --> 00:48:44,059 Finally, there was a great hue and cry to get the Reds 945 00:48:44,128 --> 00:48:47,545 to the so-called peace table. 946 00:48:47,648 --> 00:48:50,582 After all proof to the contrary over the years 947 00:48:50,651 --> 00:48:53,620 some people still believe you could talk the Reds 948 00:48:53,758 --> 00:48:55,933 out of taking over our country. 949 00:48:56,036 --> 00:48:57,589 Now, to get the enemy to talk peace, 950 00:48:57,658 --> 00:49:02,215 you usually bear down hard on him so that he's had enough 951 00:49:02,318 --> 00:49:04,148 and wants to get out. 952 00:49:04,251 --> 00:49:06,633 Not us, not our state department, 953 00:49:06,736 --> 00:49:10,464 not our defense department, we did just the opposite. 954 00:49:10,568 --> 00:49:12,294 We made it easy on the communists 955 00:49:12,397 --> 00:49:14,882 by stopping the bombing altogether. 956 00:49:14,986 --> 00:49:17,506 Let Admiral Sharp comment on that. 957 00:49:17,609 --> 00:49:22,821 Then, in March of 1968, it was decided to halt the bombing 958 00:49:22,960 --> 00:49:25,307 of the vital areas of North Vietnam 959 00:49:25,410 --> 00:49:30,174 in order to entice the enemies to come to the conference table 960 00:49:30,277 --> 00:49:31,761 to negotiate a peace. 961 00:49:31,865 --> 00:49:35,489 Before the North Vietnamese even got to the conference table 962 00:49:35,593 --> 00:49:38,251 and started negotiating, we had stopped 963 00:49:38,354 --> 00:49:40,632 all bombing of North Vietnam. 964 00:49:40,701 --> 00:49:42,772 So here was a country with tremendous air 965 00:49:42,876 --> 00:49:47,260 power allowing an adversary to fight from a sanctuary. 966 00:49:47,363 --> 00:49:49,262 Were the communists going to negotiate 967 00:49:49,365 --> 00:49:50,953 under those conditions? 968 00:49:51,022 --> 00:49:52,472 Certainly not. 969 00:49:52,541 --> 00:49:55,993 They were going to delay meaningful negotiations, 970 00:49:56,096 --> 00:49:58,857 hoping that our natural impatience to end the war 971 00:49:58,996 --> 00:50:00,549 would get the better of us, and we 972 00:50:00,687 --> 00:50:03,207 would make concessions to them which would result 973 00:50:03,345 --> 00:50:05,174 in victory for their side. 974 00:50:05,278 --> 00:50:09,972 Indeed when our bombing was cut back in March of 1968, 975 00:50:10,041 --> 00:50:12,285 the communists proclaimed it a victory, 976 00:50:12,388 --> 00:50:14,287 and a victory it really was. 977 00:50:14,390 --> 00:50:18,705 So now we have been negotiating in Paris for over two years, 978 00:50:18,843 --> 00:50:20,810 and what have the results been? 979 00:50:20,879 --> 00:50:22,398 Absolutely nothing. 980 00:50:22,502 --> 00:50:25,160 We have made concession after concession, 981 00:50:25,229 --> 00:50:28,508 and the North Vietnamese have offered absolutely nothing 982 00:50:28,611 --> 00:50:29,888 in return. 983 00:50:29,992 --> 00:50:33,202 They have simply used the Paris meetings as a propaganda 984 00:50:33,306 --> 00:50:36,757 platform from which to declare that the United States is 985 00:50:36,861 --> 00:50:40,140 the aggressor in the war, that we must pull out all 986 00:50:40,244 --> 00:50:42,073 of our troops before they will consider 987 00:50:42,177 --> 00:50:44,524 any meaningful negotiations. 988 00:50:44,593 --> 00:50:48,424 So this is what we face as a result of our all out efforts 989 00:50:48,562 --> 00:50:51,013 to bring them to the conference table. 990 00:50:51,082 --> 00:50:53,360 What do the men who have to do the fighting think 991 00:50:53,429 --> 00:50:57,364 about the so-called peace negotiation? 992 00:50:57,433 --> 00:51:00,540 Right now we have people that think that you can 993 00:51:00,609 --> 00:51:02,266 talk with the commies, and I think 994 00:51:02,369 --> 00:51:03,888 history proves that you cannot. 995 00:51:03,957 --> 00:51:06,546 I've looked at this enough, and I am sure that people that are 996 00:51:06,615 --> 00:51:08,824 much more experienced in the field 997 00:51:08,927 --> 00:51:10,101 of negotiating with the Communists 998 00:51:10,239 --> 00:51:11,585 would tell you the same thing. 999 00:51:11,689 --> 00:51:14,243 The only time the communists come to the peace table 1000 00:51:14,347 --> 00:51:17,039 is when they feel that they have something to gain there 1001 00:51:17,108 --> 00:51:18,937 or for stalling. 1002 00:51:19,041 --> 00:51:20,456 And this means that they have more time 1003 00:51:20,560 --> 00:51:23,528 to build up their troops in the field 1004 00:51:23,632 --> 00:51:28,188 and to get more ammunition, more troops into the battle, 1005 00:51:28,292 --> 00:51:30,915 and play publicity and propaganda, particularly when 1006 00:51:30,984 --> 00:51:33,918 you have a situation like we have in this country now 1007 00:51:33,987 --> 00:51:37,887 where people are expressing their opposition to the war. 1008 00:51:37,991 --> 00:51:40,407 And of course, I can understand some of this opposition 1009 00:51:40,476 --> 00:51:43,238 because the way the politicians have used it. 1010 00:51:43,307 --> 00:51:46,137 They left themselves wide open for opposition. 1011 00:51:46,241 --> 00:51:48,105 But the fact remains that the only way 1012 00:51:48,208 --> 00:51:52,143 to stop the communist action in Southeast Asia 1013 00:51:52,247 --> 00:51:55,077 is from a position of unassailable strength. 1014 00:51:55,146 --> 00:51:56,665 That's the only thing they understand. 1015 00:51:56,803 --> 00:51:59,254 For those of us who have fought in Vietnam, 1016 00:51:59,323 --> 00:52:03,154 the peace talks have always been, at best, futile, 1017 00:52:03,258 --> 00:52:04,742 at worst, tragic. 1018 00:52:04,845 --> 00:52:07,572 Tragic for those soldiers in South Vietnamese who had been 1019 00:52:07,676 --> 00:52:10,299 killed because of the improper and incorrect 1020 00:52:10,403 --> 00:52:15,132 use of the combination of military and diplomatic means. 1021 00:52:15,235 --> 00:52:17,686 Correct diplomacy, correct negotiations, 1022 00:52:17,789 --> 00:52:21,621 are used to shorten the war, not to prolong the war. 1023 00:52:21,690 --> 00:52:25,521 The great statesmen that our nation has had in the past 1024 00:52:25,659 --> 00:52:29,456 have been those statesmen with the courage and resolution 1025 00:52:29,525 --> 00:52:33,115 to allow their military do that job for which 1026 00:52:33,184 --> 00:52:35,807 the military is established. 1027 00:52:35,876 --> 00:52:39,432 Great statesmen are not people who hamstring the military 1028 00:52:39,535 --> 00:52:42,366 and prolong the decision. 1029 00:52:42,504 --> 00:52:47,336 Peace negotiation and peace depend on two things. 1030 00:52:47,440 --> 00:52:49,200 One is the will of the enemy, the other 1031 00:52:49,338 --> 00:52:51,029 is the means of the enemy. 1032 00:52:51,133 --> 00:52:53,204 You must either destroy the enemy will 1033 00:52:53,308 --> 00:52:55,827 or destroy the means the enemy has. 1034 00:52:55,896 --> 00:52:59,348 Now, the United States has always had the means. 1035 00:52:59,452 --> 00:53:02,006 The men and material successfully wage 1036 00:53:02,109 --> 00:53:04,560 the war in Vietnam and win. 1037 00:53:04,664 --> 00:53:06,976 However, at the policy level, we have 1038 00:53:07,045 --> 00:53:09,047 never had the desire to win. 1039 00:53:09,186 --> 00:53:11,843 We have never had the will to win. 1040 00:53:11,912 --> 00:53:14,398 The North Vietnamese communists, on the other hand, 1041 00:53:14,501 --> 00:53:16,952 have never had the material or manpower 1042 00:53:17,055 --> 00:53:18,885 to defeat the United States soldiers 1043 00:53:19,023 --> 00:53:20,300 on the field of battle. 1044 00:53:20,404 --> 00:53:23,752 Their leadership, however, has the will to win. 1045 00:53:23,890 --> 00:53:26,824 They have the will, the desire, and the determination 1046 00:53:26,893 --> 00:53:29,413 to conquer South Vietnam. 1047 00:53:29,551 --> 00:53:32,485 Communists are determined men, they are very serious men, 1048 00:53:32,588 --> 00:53:34,832 they are very brutal men. 1049 00:53:34,935 --> 00:53:37,593 At this point I think we should let General Clark 1050 00:53:37,697 --> 00:53:39,871 tell us how he managed to get the Reds 1051 00:53:39,975 --> 00:53:42,426 to the peace table in Korea. 1052 00:53:42,529 --> 00:53:44,842 So after being at Panmunjom, being in charge 1053 00:53:44,945 --> 00:53:48,604 of the negotiations there, and our people being insulted 1054 00:53:48,742 --> 00:53:51,435 almost daily, I finally plead with my government 1055 00:53:51,538 --> 00:53:55,232 to let me break off the negotiations 1056 00:53:55,335 --> 00:53:56,785 and place on the conference table, 1057 00:53:56,888 --> 00:53:59,926 a reasonable American position, one upon which 1058 00:54:00,029 --> 00:54:02,687 we could sign an armistice. 1059 00:54:02,791 --> 00:54:05,034 When finally Washington permitted me to do so, 1060 00:54:05,103 --> 00:54:06,450 we walked out. 1061 00:54:06,588 --> 00:54:08,175 And then I called in my commanders 1062 00:54:08,279 --> 00:54:10,626 of the Navy, the Air, and the Army, 1063 00:54:10,730 --> 00:54:12,525 and we sat around for days. 1064 00:54:12,628 --> 00:54:15,286 How could we hurt the enemy within the limitations 1065 00:54:15,424 --> 00:54:16,874 imposed upon us? 1066 00:54:16,977 --> 00:54:19,256 And one by one with the exception of permission 1067 00:54:19,359 --> 00:54:21,568 to bomb the Yellow River bridges, 1068 00:54:21,637 --> 00:54:24,295 I had these limitations taken off. 1069 00:54:24,399 --> 00:54:26,366 Our hands were untied. 1070 00:54:26,470 --> 00:54:29,714 And we hit the dams, and we took out their power. 1071 00:54:29,818 --> 00:54:32,476 We hit their dams and inundated their fields. 1072 00:54:32,579 --> 00:54:36,480 We attacked Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea 1073 00:54:36,583 --> 00:54:39,483 after notifying the people that we were coming. 1074 00:54:39,621 --> 00:54:41,968 And we just pounded them until it hurt them. 1075 00:54:42,071 --> 00:54:44,902 And then about three months later, Kim Il-sung 1076 00:54:45,005 --> 00:54:48,008 sent me a message, and said, let's go back to the conference 1077 00:54:48,146 --> 00:54:51,633 table, and let's trade prisoners of war and our sick 1078 00:54:51,736 --> 00:54:53,013 and wounded. 1079 00:54:53,117 --> 00:54:55,464 That's something we had asked to do many months before. 1080 00:54:55,568 --> 00:54:57,984 So then we got down to business and began 1081 00:54:58,122 --> 00:54:59,917 to work on an armistice. 1082 00:55:00,020 --> 00:55:03,679 Then General Eisenhower, my old West Point comrade, 1083 00:55:03,817 --> 00:55:06,164 came over as the President-elect. 1084 00:55:06,268 --> 00:55:08,166 And we had our plans to present to him, 1085 00:55:08,305 --> 00:55:10,410 and I presented them to him, how we 1086 00:55:10,514 --> 00:55:13,793 could win the war by the use of the Naval 1087 00:55:13,896 --> 00:55:15,795 and Air power primarily. 1088 00:55:15,864 --> 00:55:19,523 I'm not a believer in slugging it out man for man on the field 1089 00:55:19,626 --> 00:55:22,526 of battle with communists because the American GI 1090 00:55:22,664 --> 00:55:24,804 is a very precious commodity. 1091 00:55:24,873 --> 00:55:27,185 And the communists don't care how many of their men 1092 00:55:27,324 --> 00:55:29,153 they kill. 1093 00:55:29,222 --> 00:55:32,777 So not having had the determination to win that war, 1094 00:55:32,881 --> 00:55:36,229 we got busy, as I was directed, and we signed an armistice. 1095 00:55:36,367 --> 00:55:40,371 Now, that armistice was violated by the communists the next day, 1096 00:55:40,509 --> 00:55:43,305 and it's been violated by them ever since. 1097 00:55:43,409 --> 00:55:47,723 And as I signed that Korean armistice I was convinced that 1098 00:55:47,861 --> 00:55:50,347 had we step out and had the courage 1099 00:55:50,450 --> 00:55:53,073 to win in our first test of arms with communism, 1100 00:55:53,211 --> 00:55:56,698 and win decisively, we would not be in the predicament 1101 00:55:56,801 --> 00:56:00,011 and the mess we find ourselves in at the present time 1102 00:56:00,115 --> 00:56:01,219 in Vietnam. 1103 00:56:01,358 --> 00:56:03,325 What's the answer? 1104 00:56:03,394 --> 00:56:06,293 One political leader who hasn't kept silent 1105 00:56:06,397 --> 00:56:08,917 is Alaskan Senator [inaudible]. 1106 00:56:09,055 --> 00:56:12,196 He went to Vietnam to see for himself. 1107 00:56:12,265 --> 00:56:16,856 Our liberal Press has not seen fit to spotlight his remarks, 1108 00:56:16,959 --> 00:56:18,098 here they are. 1109 00:56:18,236 --> 00:56:20,998 Well, the most brilliant military men in our country 1110 00:56:21,101 --> 00:56:24,242 have said that we must win in Vietnam, General Mark 1111 00:56:24,381 --> 00:56:27,418 Clark, General Al Wedemeyer, General 1112 00:56:27,556 --> 00:56:30,663 Paul Harkins, Admiral Sharp. 1113 00:56:30,766 --> 00:56:33,251 The military commanders in the field 1114 00:56:33,355 --> 00:56:37,083 have all said that there can be no satisfactory conclusion 1115 00:56:37,186 --> 00:56:40,327 to the war in Vietnam without a military victory. 1116 00:56:40,431 --> 00:56:42,571 We have the ships, we have the guns, 1117 00:56:42,675 --> 00:56:46,437 we have the planes, what is lacking? 1118 00:56:46,541 --> 00:56:48,750 We have the men, we have the courage, what 1119 00:56:48,853 --> 00:56:52,132 is lacking is a will to win. 1120 00:56:52,236 --> 00:56:56,102 Richard Nixon, himself, has said what is needed in Vietnam 1121 00:56:56,205 --> 00:56:59,346 is a will to win, but our State Department 1122 00:56:59,450 --> 00:57:01,970 does not have a will to win. 1123 00:57:02,108 --> 00:57:04,282 In fact, they have said that they do 1124 00:57:04,386 --> 00:57:07,631 not intend to win in Vietnam. 1125 00:57:07,769 --> 00:57:13,878 One of our top advisers to the president, Dr. Kissinger, 1126 00:57:13,982 --> 00:57:17,295 has said, that military victory in Vietnam 1127 00:57:17,434 --> 00:57:20,885 is neither possible nor desirable. 1128 00:57:20,989 --> 00:57:24,579 This fuzzy thinking, this no-win thinking 1129 00:57:24,648 --> 00:57:27,823 has resulted in the loss of more American lives 1130 00:57:27,927 --> 00:57:31,068 than either World War I or Korea. 1131 00:57:31,171 --> 00:57:35,244 It's resulted in the longest war in American history, 1132 00:57:35,348 --> 00:57:40,733 certainly, the most frustrating war in American history. 1133 00:57:40,836 --> 00:57:43,598 The question is this fuzzy thinking 1134 00:57:43,667 --> 00:57:45,496 or is it something else? 1135 00:57:45,634 --> 00:57:49,327 With Congress rests the constitutional authority 1136 00:57:49,431 --> 00:57:51,675 to determine foreign policy. 1137 00:57:51,778 --> 00:57:54,609 Congress must reassert its authority 1138 00:57:54,678 --> 00:57:57,301 and determine the foreign policy. 1139 00:57:57,404 --> 00:58:01,270 It must require that military decisions 1140 00:58:01,339 --> 00:58:03,652 be made by military men. 1141 00:58:03,756 --> 00:58:09,106 Our men on the battlefield must be given the chance to win. 1142 00:58:09,175 --> 00:58:11,867 In war there must be victory. 1143 00:58:11,971 --> 00:58:14,663 Some people are demanding an abrupt pull-out. 1144 00:58:14,767 --> 00:58:17,459 They seem to believe that the Reds will stop 1145 00:58:17,528 --> 00:58:19,254 fighting and killing at once and that there 1146 00:58:19,357 --> 00:58:20,704 will be instant peace. 1147 00:58:20,842 --> 00:58:23,327 Well, let's hear again from General Harkins. 1148 00:58:23,430 --> 00:58:25,536 If we pull out abruptly, the Reds 1149 00:58:25,674 --> 00:58:29,885 will have a free hand as they had when they took Hue 1150 00:58:30,023 --> 00:58:32,992 in that infamous Tet Offensive. 1151 00:58:33,061 --> 00:58:36,651 They massacred and mutilated thousands of civilians. 1152 00:58:36,720 --> 00:58:39,792 There will be a frightful massacre of those who have 1153 00:58:39,895 --> 00:58:43,071 resisted communism in South Vietnam, 1154 00:58:43,209 --> 00:58:45,176 and perhaps in the rest of the countries 1155 00:58:45,245 --> 00:58:49,905 of Southeast Asia such as Laos, and Cambodia, and Thailand. 1156 00:58:50,009 --> 00:58:53,633 It may further open the way to infiltration 1157 00:58:53,737 --> 00:58:56,084 and maybe attacks from some of the other countries 1158 00:58:56,187 --> 00:58:59,639 such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, New 1159 00:58:59,743 --> 00:59:01,883 Zealand, and the Philippines. 1160 00:59:01,986 --> 00:59:05,300 The communists haven't stopped in their world defensive 1161 00:59:05,403 --> 00:59:06,473 so far. 1162 00:59:06,577 --> 00:59:09,373 I think it's tragic and unfortunate 1163 00:59:09,476 --> 00:59:11,064 that the people of the United States 1164 00:59:11,168 --> 00:59:15,103 must be constantly reminded that the communists have said 1165 00:59:15,241 --> 00:59:18,934 they were going to surround this and they were going to bury us. 1166 00:59:19,072 --> 00:59:22,075 They said they were going to take over Eastern Europe 1167 00:59:22,179 --> 00:59:23,111 and they have. 1168 00:59:23,249 --> 00:59:25,251 They tried to come down through Greece, 1169 00:59:25,354 --> 00:59:27,494 and we helped to stop them. 1170 00:59:27,598 --> 00:59:29,220 They tried to come through North Korea, 1171 00:59:29,289 --> 00:59:31,395 and with the aid of 15 other free nations, 1172 00:59:31,498 --> 00:59:33,224 we stopped them again. 1173 00:59:33,328 --> 00:59:35,019 They've taken over Cuba. 1174 00:59:35,123 --> 00:59:37,125 They're very active in Latin America. 1175 00:59:37,263 --> 00:59:41,957 And now they're trying to come down through Southeast Asia. 1176 00:59:42,061 --> 00:59:44,857 I would say they're pretty well surrounding us. 1177 00:59:44,960 --> 00:59:46,962 I think it's far better to stop them 1178 00:59:47,066 --> 00:59:50,794 on some faraway distant shores than wait for another Pearl 1179 00:59:50,932 --> 00:59:53,728 Harbor, or perhaps, to try to stop them on the shores 1180 00:59:53,797 --> 00:59:55,212 of the United States. 1181 00:59:55,315 --> 00:59:57,870 Tom Hayden has been called America's most 1182 00:59:57,973 --> 01:00:01,459 decorated civilian to have served in Vietnam. 1183 01:00:01,563 --> 01:00:04,497 He was in Hue after the Tet massacre. 1184 01:00:04,635 --> 01:00:07,880 Listen to his account of how the communists exterminate those 1185 01:00:07,983 --> 01:00:10,158 who oppose them, Tom Hayden. 1186 01:00:10,261 --> 01:00:12,332 A North Vietnamese regiment captured 1187 01:00:12,436 --> 01:00:14,749 the ancient capital of Hue during the Tet Offensive 1188 01:00:14,818 --> 01:00:16,889 in January of 1968. 1189 01:00:16,992 --> 01:00:18,822 The North Vietnamese asked the Hue citizens 1190 01:00:18,960 --> 01:00:21,341 to join them and oppose the Saigon government. 1191 01:00:21,479 --> 01:00:25,518 The people of Hue said no, then came the massacre. 1192 01:00:25,656 --> 01:00:30,212 Over 4,000 civilian graves have been found, many of them 1193 01:00:30,316 --> 01:00:31,489 were buried alive. 1194 01:00:31,628 --> 01:00:34,527 Over 1,000 people are still missing. 1195 01:00:34,631 --> 01:00:37,599 Those in America who say that the people of South Vietnam 1196 01:00:37,668 --> 01:00:41,499 support the communists, refused to remember Hue. 1197 01:00:41,638 --> 01:00:43,018 They have forgotten [inaudible] where 1198 01:00:43,156 --> 01:00:45,987 over 100 Motagnards were murdered, 1199 01:00:46,090 --> 01:00:48,852 men, women, and children. 1200 01:00:48,955 --> 01:00:52,200 Here is the latest example of the popular support 1201 01:00:52,303 --> 01:00:55,548 the communists have in South Vietnam. 1202 01:00:55,686 --> 01:01:00,070 Saigon, Viet Cong troops attack a South Vietnamese village 1203 01:01:00,173 --> 01:01:02,003 south of Da Nang. 1204 01:01:02,106 --> 01:01:06,214 Over 75 civilians were killed and 85 wounded. 1205 01:01:06,352 --> 01:01:10,045 The survivors of the Viet Cong invaded by reading Hamlet, 1206 01:01:10,183 --> 01:01:12,185 stated that the enemy ran through the streets, 1207 01:01:12,289 --> 01:01:14,325 shooting anyone they found, throwing 1208 01:01:14,394 --> 01:01:18,433 grenades into their homes and into their civilian bunkers. 1209 01:01:18,536 --> 01:01:20,677 But some of the news media will tell 1210 01:01:20,780 --> 01:01:22,023 you that the South Vietnamese are 1211 01:01:22,126 --> 01:01:23,714 not fighting for their freedom. 1212 01:01:23,852 --> 01:01:25,164 That is a lie. 1213 01:01:25,233 --> 01:01:28,132 I spent over two years with the people 1214 01:01:28,236 --> 01:01:29,893 and they are fighting for freedom. 1215 01:01:29,996 --> 01:01:32,861 The Hue massacre should prove that many of them 1216 01:01:32,965 --> 01:01:34,345 are dieing for their freedom. 1217 01:01:34,449 --> 01:01:35,899 We can't get out. 1218 01:01:36,037 --> 01:01:39,696 We lead a vacuum and years to come we've paid 1219 01:01:39,799 --> 01:01:42,077 ten times the amount of blood. 1220 01:01:42,181 --> 01:01:45,529 And if we get no response whatsoever 1221 01:01:45,598 --> 01:01:48,221 to our stopping of the bombing and our initiatives 1222 01:01:48,325 --> 01:01:51,052 towards peace, it may be that we will have to step 1223 01:01:51,155 --> 01:01:53,571 up and intensify the war. 1224 01:01:53,710 --> 01:01:56,229 And then if we do, I'm sure we'll 1225 01:01:56,333 --> 01:01:59,025 bring the communist to the conference table, 1226 01:01:59,094 --> 01:02:00,199 and we'll bring him fast. 1227 01:02:00,302 --> 01:02:03,167 [weapons firing] 1228 01:02:11,244 --> 01:02:13,005 [explosions] 1229 01:02:13,108 --> 01:02:15,352 When it comes to the question of our pulling out, 1230 01:02:15,455 --> 01:02:17,561 I think one of the most significant comments 1231 01:02:17,630 --> 01:02:21,668 was made by General [inaudible], field commander, whose 1232 01:02:21,772 --> 01:02:23,498 troops were surrounded and forced 1233 01:02:23,601 --> 01:02:26,570 to surrender at Dien Bien Phu. 1234 01:02:26,673 --> 01:02:29,090 [non-english speech] 1235 01:02:37,132 --> 01:02:39,686 General [inaudible] does not speak English, 1236 01:02:39,790 --> 01:02:41,309 but in French, he made it clear to us 1237 01:02:41,447 --> 01:02:44,312 that if the United States leaves Southeast Asia 1238 01:02:44,450 --> 01:02:48,281 in defeat, on that day the whole free world will 1239 01:02:48,419 --> 01:02:50,732 begin to crumble. 1240 01:02:50,801 --> 01:02:53,631 Ezra Taft Benson offered one solution 1241 01:02:53,770 --> 01:02:55,979 that hasn't been given too much attention 1242 01:02:56,117 --> 01:02:59,223 up till now, Mr. Benson. 1243 01:02:59,327 --> 01:03:01,225 I recently returned from two weeks 1244 01:03:01,329 --> 01:03:04,746 in war-threatened and war-torn Asia. 1245 01:03:04,815 --> 01:03:06,817 The men of Vietnam who are ready to give their 1246 01:03:06,955 --> 01:03:10,234 all in the defense of freedom, who worry about reports 1247 01:03:10,338 --> 01:03:14,687 from home of rioters, draft card burners, and other citizens 1248 01:03:14,791 --> 01:03:18,656 many times more numerous, who seem oblivious to the threat 1249 01:03:18,795 --> 01:03:21,176 to our freedom as they continue to enjoy 1250 01:03:21,314 --> 01:03:23,592 their comfortable complacency. 1251 01:03:23,696 --> 01:03:28,528 Regardless of any question of our involvement in Vietnam, 1252 01:03:28,632 --> 01:03:33,499 we're there and we're involved, so what do we do now? 1253 01:03:33,602 --> 01:03:36,778 We should concentrate on doing whatever is necessary to bring 1254 01:03:36,847 --> 01:03:40,023 our boys home, but before we bring them home, 1255 01:03:40,126 --> 01:03:42,611 we should let them finish the job most of them 1256 01:03:42,680 --> 01:03:44,855 thought they were sent there to do. 1257 01:03:44,959 --> 01:03:47,375 Let the communists see what good-natured 1258 01:03:47,478 --> 01:03:53,553 Uncle Sam can still do when a bully picks a fight with him. 1259 01:03:53,657 --> 01:03:57,109 Drop those suicidal, limited political objects 1260 01:03:57,212 --> 01:03:59,870 and launch a massive military campaign. 1261 01:03:59,974 --> 01:04:02,839 Topple the Hanoi regime and dictate rather 1262 01:04:02,942 --> 01:04:05,980 than negotiate the peace terms. 1263 01:04:06,049 --> 01:04:08,292 Then bring our boys home. 1264 01:04:08,396 --> 01:04:11,537 Will this bring Red China into the war? 1265 01:04:11,640 --> 01:04:13,988 Red China is already in the war. 1266 01:04:14,057 --> 01:04:17,025 The best way to get her out of it 1267 01:04:17,129 --> 01:04:22,134 is to let Chiang Kai-Shek join us as he has requested. 1268 01:04:22,237 --> 01:04:26,034 He stands ready with 600,000 well-trained men 1269 01:04:26,138 --> 01:04:29,658 who know how to fight under Asian conditions. 1270 01:04:29,762 --> 01:04:33,731 Our no-win policy in Vietnam instead of promoting peace, 1271 01:04:33,835 --> 01:04:37,597 only sets the stage for settling the problem, for the time 1272 01:04:37,701 --> 01:04:40,324 being, with a coalition government of communists 1273 01:04:40,428 --> 01:04:44,811 and non-communists, and this virtually ensures continued 1274 01:04:44,915 --> 01:04:45,985 war. 1275 01:04:46,089 --> 01:04:48,885 You know our troops overseas, they 1276 01:04:48,988 --> 01:04:52,819 ask for so very little, and yet they give 1277 01:04:52,923 --> 01:04:56,547 and give so very, very much. 1278 01:04:56,651 --> 01:04:58,032 Nobody wants a war. 1279 01:04:58,101 --> 01:05:01,898 God knows that, and especially our troops that 1280 01:05:02,001 --> 01:05:04,383 are fighting one over there. 1281 01:05:04,452 --> 01:05:06,454 But as long as they are fighting a war over there, 1282 01:05:06,592 --> 01:05:09,008 the least we could do back home here 1283 01:05:09,112 --> 01:05:16,395 is just to give them the support, the love, the dignity, 1284 01:05:16,464 --> 01:05:23,954 and the respect that they, our flags and our country deserves. 1285 01:05:24,092 --> 01:05:26,439 And that's all they ask of you. 1286 01:05:26,577 --> 01:05:27,716 Thank you. 1287 01:05:27,820 --> 01:05:30,374 So we come back to the men who fight the battle, 1288 01:05:30,478 --> 01:05:33,067 or are we all involved in the battle? 1289 01:05:33,136 --> 01:05:34,896 Listen to Captain Wilson. 1290 01:05:34,965 --> 01:05:37,105 I went to Vietnam to fight communism. 1291 01:05:37,209 --> 01:05:38,624 And when you get to the base of it, 1292 01:05:38,727 --> 01:05:41,558 that's what Vietnam is all about, communist aggression. 1293 01:05:41,661 --> 01:05:43,491 Communist aggression, not only in Vietnam 1294 01:05:43,629 --> 01:05:47,115 but in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and all 1295 01:05:47,219 --> 01:05:48,737 the areas of Southeast Asia. 1296 01:05:48,841 --> 01:05:51,154 We have communist aggression right here in America right 1297 01:05:51,257 --> 01:05:54,260 in the streets every day, and it's evident in the newspapers 1298 01:05:54,329 --> 01:05:56,469 if you read them closely. 1299 01:05:56,573 --> 01:05:58,333 Wherever we can fight communist aggression, 1300 01:05:58,471 --> 01:06:00,301 we owe it to our country to do so. 1301 01:06:00,404 --> 01:06:02,579 Communism is America's number one enemy. 1302 01:06:02,682 --> 01:06:06,307 It has been for years and it will be for years to come. 1303 01:06:06,410 --> 01:06:09,103 The only way to solve the problem in Vietnam 1304 01:06:09,172 --> 01:06:11,277 is to take it to the base of the problem, 1305 01:06:11,346 --> 01:06:15,143 and that is into the cities and towns of North Vietnam. 1306 01:06:15,247 --> 01:06:18,802 We do not need to send troops into North Vietnam. 1307 01:06:18,905 --> 01:06:20,873 The job can be done from the air. 1308 01:06:20,977 --> 01:06:24,635 We knew it when I was over there and we know it still today. 1309 01:06:24,704 --> 01:06:28,294 You have to take your aircraft, the munitions at hand, 1310 01:06:28,363 --> 01:06:32,298 and go to North Vietnam and bomb the targets and the facilities 1311 01:06:32,367 --> 01:06:35,508 that they use to wage war against the other bordering 1312 01:06:35,646 --> 01:06:36,889 countries. 1313 01:06:36,993 --> 01:06:39,547 This is the only thing that the communists understand. 1314 01:06:39,685 --> 01:06:42,515 You do it from an unassailable position of strength. 1315 01:06:42,619 --> 01:06:45,208 You let them know that you mean business. 1316 01:06:45,311 --> 01:06:48,487 You bomb their facilities that they use to wage war. 1317 01:06:48,556 --> 01:06:51,386 You make it so unpleasant for them at home that they have 1318 01:06:51,490 --> 01:06:53,561 to keep their troops at home to look after the business 1319 01:06:53,664 --> 01:06:56,012 at hand, and they cannot afford to send them across other 1320 01:06:56,081 --> 01:06:59,498 country's borders, violating the sovereignty of these countries. 1321 01:06:59,567 --> 01:07:02,190 This is the only thing that the communists understand. 1322 01:07:02,294 --> 01:07:03,571 It's the only way to deal with them. 1323 01:07:03,674 --> 01:07:05,745 It cannot be done at the conference table. 1324 01:07:05,849 --> 01:07:09,715 This is the only way to win the war in Vietnam. 1325 01:07:09,818 --> 01:07:13,546 A choice made for us nearly 200 years ago by our founding 1326 01:07:13,650 --> 01:07:19,242 fathers is now up for review in Vietnam and everywhere else, 1327 01:07:19,380 --> 01:07:21,692 in the Mekong Delta and in the halls 1328 01:07:21,761 --> 01:07:24,902 of the Congress of the United States of America. 1329 01:07:25,006 --> 01:07:26,904 There are over 3 million Americans who 1330 01:07:27,043 --> 01:07:29,493 had been and fought in Vietnam. 1331 01:07:29,597 --> 01:07:32,427 We have seen communism in action. 1332 01:07:32,565 --> 01:07:36,535 We have seen what might be termed relevant communism. 1333 01:07:36,604 --> 01:07:40,401 We have seen Marx and Lenin taken off the library shelf 1334 01:07:40,504 --> 01:07:43,162 and put on the backs of the people. 1335 01:07:43,266 --> 01:07:46,441 We will never surrender to communism 1336 01:07:46,545 --> 01:07:48,926 because we know what it is. 1337 01:07:49,030 --> 01:07:52,827 There will be no Viet Cong in the United States of America. 1338 01:07:52,930 --> 01:07:54,380 We will fight. 1339 01:07:54,449 --> 01:07:57,211 We know that there is a possibility that we may not 1340 01:07:57,280 --> 01:08:00,904 triumph, but it is not inevitable that the enemy 1341 01:08:01,007 --> 01:08:04,425 triumph if he is opposed. 1342 01:08:04,528 --> 01:08:08,187 There is no fate that must fall on them however they act. 1343 01:08:08,291 --> 01:08:11,052 There is, however, a fate that falls 1344 01:08:11,121 --> 01:08:14,435 on men if they refuse that. 1345 01:08:14,538 --> 01:08:16,057 We should win in Vietnam. 1346 01:08:16,126 --> 01:08:18,197 We can win in Vietnam. 1347 01:08:18,301 --> 01:08:21,890 We must help to extend freedom, not allow 1348 01:08:21,959 --> 01:08:25,584 it to be foreclosed on us. 1349 01:08:25,653 --> 01:08:29,208 This is a challenge that our generation faces. 1350 01:08:29,312 --> 01:08:31,486 This must be our goal. 1351 01:08:31,590 --> 01:08:33,557 Certainly, we could not stand by idly 1352 01:08:33,661 --> 01:08:36,284 and see the communists grab off chunks 1353 01:08:36,388 --> 01:08:40,978 of the free world at will, some place we had to stop him. 1354 01:08:41,082 --> 01:08:43,981 And when we decided to go into Vietnam, 1355 01:08:44,085 --> 01:08:46,984 we should have decided to go in with a determination 1356 01:08:47,088 --> 01:08:49,677 to win that war and to win it with the might of America, 1357 01:08:49,815 --> 01:08:54,682 mostly air and Naval power, and we had the capacity to do so. 1358 01:08:54,820 --> 01:09:00,481 Now in Vietnam, I feel in this second test of arms, 1359 01:09:00,584 --> 01:09:03,173 having learned a lesson in Korea, 1360 01:09:03,277 --> 01:09:05,762 if I had had the decision to make, 1361 01:09:05,865 --> 01:09:07,936 I would have closed the port of Haiphong. 1362 01:09:08,040 --> 01:09:10,663 I would have not permitted the paraphernalia of war 1363 01:09:10,767 --> 01:09:14,357 from friend and foe alike to be delivered to that port 1364 01:09:14,495 --> 01:09:16,462 to kill our men eventually. 1365 01:09:16,531 --> 01:09:18,499 I would have attacked with air every 1366 01:09:18,602 --> 01:09:21,018 remunerative military target. 1367 01:09:21,122 --> 01:09:22,917 in North Vietnam. 1368 01:09:23,020 --> 01:09:24,436 I would knock out their railroads, 1369 01:09:24,539 --> 01:09:28,094 and inundated their rice fields, and taken their dams out. 1370 01:09:28,198 --> 01:09:31,822 And I have found that when the communists come 1371 01:09:31,891 --> 01:09:35,032 to the conclusion that they cannot win on the field 1372 01:09:35,171 --> 01:09:37,518 of battle what they set out to get, they 1373 01:09:37,621 --> 01:09:39,140 run to the conference table. 1374 01:09:39,209 --> 01:09:41,694 It is an extension of the war with them. 1375 01:09:41,798 --> 01:09:44,973 It should be obvious by now that the predicament we're in 1376 01:09:45,042 --> 01:09:47,735 is not the fault of the military. 1377 01:09:47,838 --> 01:09:50,393 We should have stopped the Reds in Berlin, 1378 01:09:50,496 --> 01:09:52,636 we should have kept them out of Cuba, 1379 01:09:52,740 --> 01:09:55,294 we should have won the war in Korea, 1380 01:09:55,398 --> 01:09:58,332 but we didn't, so let's not blame the men in uniform 1381 01:09:58,401 --> 01:10:00,851 for our political mistake. 1382 01:10:00,920 --> 01:10:03,371 Maybe we should listen to them in time of war, 1383 01:10:03,475 --> 01:10:05,822 and this certainly is war. 1384 01:10:05,925 --> 01:10:09,688 They say there's no substitute for victory. 1385 01:10:09,757 --> 01:10:13,105 Maybe we should also remember the words of Winston Churchill, 1386 01:10:13,243 --> 01:10:17,868 after Chamberlain's appeasement negotiations in Munich in 1939. 1387 01:10:17,937 --> 01:10:22,494 Quote, "The government had to choose between shame and war. 1388 01:10:22,597 --> 01:10:26,670 They chose shame and they'll get war, unquote." 1389 01:10:26,739 --> 01:10:28,500 They got war. 1390 01:10:28,603 --> 01:10:30,743 Now, let's take a look at our country. 1391 01:10:30,847 --> 01:10:34,057 Today, in the newspapers, on radio, on TV, 1392 01:10:34,126 --> 01:10:40,028 we read, hear, and see riots on campuses and street corners. 1393 01:10:40,097 --> 01:10:41,789 Crime is at all time high. 1394 01:10:41,892 --> 01:10:46,207 We read about our American flag being hauled down by mobs, 1395 01:10:46,276 --> 01:10:48,692 burned and stomped into the ground. 1396 01:10:48,796 --> 01:10:50,522 We hear the names of these same mob 1397 01:10:50,625 --> 01:10:53,801 leaders over and over from city to city. 1398 01:10:53,939 --> 01:10:56,044 They wave the flag of the communist Viet 1399 01:10:56,148 --> 01:11:00,463 Cong, the flag of the enemy that we're fighting in Vietnam. 1400 01:11:00,601 --> 01:11:03,259 The enemy that kills our boys from ambush 1401 01:11:03,362 --> 01:11:07,297 and fades away into political sanctuary. 1402 01:11:07,435 --> 01:11:09,161 And at the same time here in America, 1403 01:11:09,265 --> 01:11:12,716 the commies are allowed to teach in our schools, parade 1404 01:11:12,820 --> 01:11:15,409 through our streets and our capital 1405 01:11:15,478 --> 01:11:19,275 while those in high position choose to remain silent. 1406 01:11:19,378 --> 01:11:21,069 With all these problems, I wonder 1407 01:11:21,173 --> 01:11:25,833 what would happen in America if we all chose to remain silent. 1408 01:11:25,971 --> 01:11:29,250 Would crime come to a halt without preventative measures? 1409 01:11:29,354 --> 01:11:32,805 Would the communist underground movement to take over America 1410 01:11:32,943 --> 01:11:34,186 cease? 1411 01:11:34,324 --> 01:11:37,051 Would the communists leave the free nations of the world 1412 01:11:37,154 --> 01:11:38,949 alone without our help? 1413 01:11:39,018 --> 01:11:42,228 Will they pull back across the 17th parallel in Vietnam 1414 01:11:42,332 --> 01:11:45,473 if we withdraw our troops? 1415 01:11:45,577 --> 01:11:47,510 The answer is no. 1416 01:11:47,613 --> 01:11:51,341 Mr. Lincoln was right when he said that to remain silent 1417 01:11:51,479 --> 01:11:53,826 makes cowards of men. 1418 01:11:53,930 --> 01:11:56,242 I plead with each of you to reflect 1419 01:11:56,346 --> 01:11:59,280 on these facts of history. 1420 01:11:59,349 --> 01:12:03,042 Then I'd like to speak for myself. 1421 01:12:03,180 --> 01:12:06,011 I believe we must vote out of office, regardless 1422 01:12:06,114 --> 01:12:11,050 of political party, those politicians who seek to appease 1423 01:12:11,188 --> 01:12:14,709 tyranny and promote anarchy, and to vote for men who are 1424 01:12:14,847 --> 01:12:18,195 responsible and who will put the welfare of our country 1425 01:12:18,299 --> 01:12:21,026 above their own political ambitions. 1426 01:12:21,129 --> 01:12:24,547 We must stop communist rioting inside America. 1427 01:12:24,650 --> 01:12:27,895 We must enforce the laws that make crime illegal. 1428 01:12:28,033 --> 01:12:31,277 And if there should be another 17th parallel, 1429 01:12:31,381 --> 01:12:32,969 we should not plead with the communists 1430 01:12:33,072 --> 01:12:37,214 to get back, but warn them, and do it only once. 1431 01:12:37,353 --> 01:12:39,734 To hell with world opinion. 1432 01:12:39,872 --> 01:12:42,668 We must speak up and take a stand, 1433 01:12:42,737 --> 01:12:44,912 only then will this great nation of ours survive. 1434 01:12:45,015 --> 01:12:48,778 [MUSIC - "BALLAD OF THE GREEN BERETS"]118385

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