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[helicopters flying]
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[weapon firing]
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[explosions]
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[gun firing]
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Ladies and
gentlemen, a long time
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ago Abraham Lincoln
made a statement.
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To stand by silence when
you should speak out
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makes cowards of men.
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It's time we spoke out about
Vietnam and the most obvious,
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yet the most ignored threat
ever faced by free people
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in the history of the world.
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The street demonstrators
demand that we
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get out of Southeast Asia
so that there will be peace.
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Where do they get the
idea that there will
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be peace just because we quit?
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We can't stop the
war by giving up,
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and we sure can't
settle anything
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by trying to bargain
with a winning
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enemy at the peace table.
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As for the war that was going
on a long time before Vietnam
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and will go on whether
we pull out or not,
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we can't stop the
war by giving up.
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And the way it is now we're
not programmed to win because
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of the politicians and
civilians that we've
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let stick our nose in it.
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Listen to this young fellow.
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I'm flying helicopters
commercially in Alaska now.
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Not long ago, I was
flying them in Vietnam.
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I was there to fight the
communists and try to win
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but our politicians
wouldn't let us.
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What kind of a war is this
that we're not supposed to win?
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Truth of the matter is it's
not a separate war at all.
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It's only one
battle in a bigger,
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long drawn out
attack that's been
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going on for over 50 years.
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And it's a war we're loading
not only on the battlefields
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but out on street
corners, college campuses,
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in the offices of some
of our most influential
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so-called statesmen.
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Now all men of good will
certainly want peace,
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00:03:03,079 --> 00:03:06,738
but do we want peace at any
price, peace without freedom?
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We all know that this
country has, with good will
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has stumbled a few times
and made a mistake or two,
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can't go back and do
anything about that.
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But as Mr. Lincoln once said,
"I wish I had been there when
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the horse was stole,
but I reckon I can find
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the tracks when I do get there.
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Seems to me the horse
is already stolen,
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so we better get back
and pick up the tracks."
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To give you that background we
have a man who really knows.
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Someone who was there when
all the important history was
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being made since World War I.
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He has the facts firsthand
from leaders and the generals
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themselves.
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Here he is.
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A great newspaper man,
Mr. Lowell Thomas.
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Hello everybody,
this is Lowell Thomas,
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to chat with you for a moment
about what we all seem to agree
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is just about the most
important subject of our time.
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00:04:02,759 --> 00:04:06,384
And to those of you who
are fairly young perhaps
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it is more important to
you, than to the rest of us.
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I'm sure you all remember
the words of the father of
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our country, George Washington.
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He was a fairly wise man.
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He said, "the best way
to prepare for peace
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is to be ready for war.
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NARRATOR: World War I
with the beginning of what
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the whole of mankind
hoped would lead
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to a permanent world peace.
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LOWELL THOMAS [VOICEOVER]: It
seems like the height of folly
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now, hard for us to
understand, impossible,
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00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:37,760
in fact to comprehend.
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00:04:37,829 --> 00:04:41,971
But after the war
was over, the Allies
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00:04:42,074 --> 00:04:46,251
began to disband their
armies, break up their navies,
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and melt down their guns!
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NARRATOR: In the confusion
at the end of World War I,
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a group of dedicated men
came to power in Russia.
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00:04:55,087 --> 00:04:59,747
The leader of the group, Nikolai
Lenin, head of the Bolshevik,
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or Majority Communist
Party, he knew
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the free nations of the world
desperately wanted peace.
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He also knew his ideology,
Communism, could use
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this as a tool against them.
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Part of his plan to achieve
world wide supremacy
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was to instruct communist
followers in all countries
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to protest for peace.
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A disarmed nation then
would be ripe for plucking.
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00:05:26,187 --> 00:05:28,673
As soon as hostilities ceased
at the end of World War
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I, the Allies who had stopped
the Kaiser's war machine,
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00:05:32,366 --> 00:05:35,818
stopped it cold, alas
they began to disband
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their armies and navies.
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After all, Germany had
been the only nation
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with ambitions to expand, and
Germany was smashed for good.
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Or was it?
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No one at the peace tables had
ever heard of a lance corporal
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in one of the Bavarian
regiments, a chap
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known as Adolf
Schicklgruber, later
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to be known as Adolf Hitler.
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It's hard to believe
that a lowly lance
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00:06:01,844 --> 00:06:05,468
corporal with a funny
mustache could ever get far.
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00:06:05,572 --> 00:06:07,884
But in less than
15 years, there he
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was, head of a re-armed
Germany, with plans
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to conquer the world.
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Distinguished men like the lone
eagle, Charles Lindbergh and
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00:06:16,824 --> 00:06:18,412
the fabulous Jimmy Doolittle--
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00:06:18,516 --> 00:06:20,656
Told us what was going
on in Central Europe,
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told us what Hitler
was doing, and we
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paid little or no attention.
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NARRATOR: Ah, but life was
too dear and peace too sweet
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to rock the boat,
so few raised a hand
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to do anything at that time.
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00:06:35,843 --> 00:06:38,950
So in 1938, with the
most powerful war
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machine in the world
up to that time,
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Hitler marched on Austria.
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The next year, 1939, he
marched on Czechoslovakia.
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Now, England began
to get the message.
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00:06:56,208 --> 00:06:58,970
We all know how Chamberlain
went from London to Munich
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with his umbrella,
and came back saying,
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00:07:02,698 --> 00:07:09,877
"this means peace in our time."
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00:07:09,981 --> 00:07:12,777
But no sooner had this
conference been concluded,
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00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:15,227
then Hitler made a
pact with Russia.
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00:07:15,296 --> 00:07:18,714
And then they both
attacked Poland.
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The next step was the
blitz on the west.
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[explosions]
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With the Nazis and the
Communists in collusion,
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their representatives
here in America
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stepped up their propaganda
and began shouting to us,
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disarm, disarm!
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No harm will ever
come to America.
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00:07:53,921 --> 00:07:57,131
NARRATOR: Meanwhile, peace
talks had so reduced US power
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that when the Japanese
attacked Pearl Harbor,
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00:07:59,686 --> 00:08:01,860
you all remember that some
of our old battleships
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00:08:01,998 --> 00:08:05,623
lined up there either
were sunk or beached.
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00:08:05,692 --> 00:08:08,315
And we had, for all
practical purposes,
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00:08:08,418 --> 00:08:10,869
lost our Pacific fleet.
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00:08:10,973 --> 00:08:13,872
It appeared as though
it was almost too late,
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00:08:13,976 --> 00:08:16,461
but we did get down to
the agonizing business
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00:08:16,530 --> 00:08:19,050
of rebuilding for
a counter-attack.
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00:08:19,153 --> 00:08:22,191
And the history books show
that in spite of all obstacles
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we finally, we finally did win.
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After that, followed those usual
negotiations between the winner
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and the loser.
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But even while we were winning,
certain American leaders,
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perhaps fooled by
Stalin, they arranged
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00:09:00,505 --> 00:09:04,751
things so we lost nearly as much
as we gained, possibly more.
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00:09:04,889 --> 00:09:07,754
As our troops rushed in
triumph through Germany
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00:09:07,892 --> 00:09:11,205
they got the word to
slow down, slow down.
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00:09:11,309 --> 00:09:12,655
Let the Russians move in.
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Let the Russians take
over East Germany,
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00:09:14,692 --> 00:09:17,764
take over the great
city of Berlin.
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00:09:17,902 --> 00:09:19,938
Today, a nation of
people who love communism
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so well that they
have to be walled in
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and kept in with guns,
they are a tragic monument
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00:09:25,772 --> 00:09:29,327
to those people who seek
to appease the enemy.
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[weapons fired]
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In meetings at Yalta with
Lenin's cunning successor,
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Stalin, the Russians managed
to take over all of Eastern
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Europe, much of Asia.
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We know what happened
in the Far East,
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and how they put
it over on China.
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And so the stage was set
for Korea, and a little later
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on for Vietnam.
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00:10:02,153 --> 00:10:06,226
In 1945, everybody
thought the war was over,
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but our real enemy was
still going strong.
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This was the so-called
ally that we had let
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take East Germany and Berlin.
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Now I'm not speaking
of the Russian people,
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and I won't speak of
the Chinese people.
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00:10:21,828 --> 00:10:25,348
I'm speaking of the
communist conspiracy.
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So many of the great Americans
of the last generation
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are no longer with us to give
us the firsthand account of what
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00:10:33,840 --> 00:10:36,946
happened behind the scenes,
behind the false front
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of communist cooperation
after the war.
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00:10:40,018 --> 00:10:44,091
We are fortunate that one of the
greatest leaders, a conqueror
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of the Nazis in
Italy, is here and can
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00:10:47,716 --> 00:10:52,479
tell it like it was when it came
to getting along with the Reds.
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This is General Mark Clark.
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After the end of World War
II, when the fighting stopped
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in Italy, and I took the
surrender of the German forces
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00:11:01,212 --> 00:11:05,009
there, I went into Austria
as the American occupation
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00:11:05,112 --> 00:11:06,873
commander and High Commissioner.
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00:11:07,011 --> 00:11:09,323
Russian armies were
there in Austria as well,
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00:11:09,392 --> 00:11:12,672
and I sat on a quadri-apartheid
meeting with the Russians
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and the British, the
French and ourselves
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00:11:14,881 --> 00:11:17,987
in order to implement the
agreement that the nations had
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00:11:18,056 --> 00:11:20,196
made at Potsdam,
which was to bring
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00:11:20,300 --> 00:11:23,544
about free and independent and
democratic Austria once more.
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00:11:23,648 --> 00:11:28,170
Saw firsthand the duplicity of
the Soviets, how they looted,
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00:11:28,239 --> 00:11:31,725
killed, murdered, and that
they couldn't be believed.
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I found that every
constructive move
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00:11:33,831 --> 00:11:36,972
and suggestion we
made to help Austria
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00:11:37,075 --> 00:11:39,388
was vetoed by the Soviets.
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00:11:39,491 --> 00:11:42,356
When I went with Burns to the
conference of foreign ministers
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00:11:42,425 --> 00:11:45,014
in England, and then
with Marshal into Moscow,
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00:11:45,083 --> 00:11:48,431
and there again I saw the
difficulty, the almost
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00:11:48,535 --> 00:11:51,262
impossibility of doing business
with the Russians and that
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00:11:51,365 --> 00:11:53,885
you should do it from a
position of extreme force,
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00:11:53,989 --> 00:11:56,612
and you never compromise,
and you never show weakness.
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00:11:56,716 --> 00:12:00,340
Or they see weakness, they
despise it, and exploit it.
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00:12:00,443 --> 00:12:02,929
And when they see strength
and determination,
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00:12:03,032 --> 00:12:05,725
that's when they sit
up and take notice.
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00:12:05,828 --> 00:12:08,348
In the aftermath
of the war, the Reds
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00:12:08,451 --> 00:12:11,282
managed to grab off
East Germany and all
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00:12:11,420 --> 00:12:14,250
the countries that are now
on the wrong side of the Iron
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00:12:14,354 --> 00:12:15,458
Curtain.
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00:12:15,562 --> 00:12:18,772
And for the next big
move to encircle a world,
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00:12:18,876 --> 00:12:20,774
they looked to east to Asia.
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00:12:20,912 --> 00:12:23,950
There a lot of garbled
accounts of what
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00:12:24,088 --> 00:12:28,678
really happened when the
East began to go Red,
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00:12:28,782 --> 00:12:31,405
but we have the number
one authority with us,
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00:12:31,509 --> 00:12:33,131
who can give it to us straight.
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00:12:33,235 --> 00:12:36,617
This is a man who is more
familiar with Asian communism
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00:12:36,756 --> 00:12:38,965
than anyone else
in America today.
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00:12:39,103 --> 00:12:41,968
He is General Albert
C. Wedemeyer, former US
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00:12:42,106 --> 00:12:43,866
commander in the Far East.
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00:12:43,970 --> 00:12:47,283
He sat and listened to Mao
Tse-tung tell how they,
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00:12:47,387 --> 00:12:50,217
the Reds were going
to take over China.
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00:12:50,321 --> 00:12:53,117
The general warned the State
Department at that time
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00:12:53,220 --> 00:12:56,637
that we should support Chiang
Kai-Shek if we didn't want
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00:12:56,741 --> 00:13:00,469
the biggest country in the
world with 700 million people
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00:13:00,572 --> 00:13:02,160
to be lost to communism.
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00:13:02,298 --> 00:13:05,163
Unfortunately,
nobody was listening.
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00:13:05,301 --> 00:13:09,236
We'll listen to him now,
General Albert C. Wedemeyer.
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00:13:09,340 --> 00:13:12,722
I have spent 10 years
in the Orient living
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00:13:12,826 --> 00:13:17,451
in China, the
Philippines, and in India.
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00:13:17,520 --> 00:13:21,801
Experiences and
observations in those areas
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00:13:21,904 --> 00:13:25,839
provide the basis for
my ideas and suggestions
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00:13:25,977 --> 00:13:28,014
about the Vietnam war.
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00:13:28,117 --> 00:13:31,258
At the close of World
War II, the Soviet Union
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00:13:31,362 --> 00:13:34,986
accelerated plans for the
conquest of the Far East.
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00:13:35,090 --> 00:13:39,370
In 1946, the Republic of
China, Japan, and Thailand
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00:13:39,473 --> 00:13:42,545
were the only independent
nations in that area.
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00:13:42,649 --> 00:13:47,309
Moscow planned to exploit the
industrial know-how of Japan,
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00:13:47,378 --> 00:13:50,208
the vast pool of
manpower in China,
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00:13:50,346 --> 00:13:53,211
and the natural
resources in Southeast
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00:13:53,315 --> 00:13:56,042
Asia, the Philippines,
Indonesia,
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00:13:56,145 --> 00:13:57,733
and the Melanesian islands.
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00:13:57,871 --> 00:14:01,702
During General MacArthur's wise
and courageous administration,
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00:14:01,806 --> 00:14:04,360
Communist efforts
to communize Japan
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00:14:04,498 --> 00:14:05,810
were successfully blocked.
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00:14:05,914 --> 00:14:09,193
The Soviet Union then turned
its attention to mainland China.
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00:14:09,296 --> 00:14:11,643
With the connivance of
the Red Chinese leaders,
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00:14:11,747 --> 00:14:15,751
Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai,
mainland China, an area greater
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00:14:15,855 --> 00:14:19,410
in extent than the United
States, and 700 million people
244
00:14:19,548 --> 00:14:24,035
were drawn within the orbit
of the Soviet Union in 1949.
245
00:14:24,139 --> 00:14:26,693
The loss of China to
the tyranny of communism
246
00:14:26,796 --> 00:14:28,729
was a black mark
on the escutcheon
247
00:14:28,833 --> 00:14:30,248
of the United States.
248
00:14:30,386 --> 00:14:34,701
Instead of supporting our
loyal World War II ally, Chiang
249
00:14:34,770 --> 00:14:37,428
Kai-Shek, the United States
government adopted a hands
250
00:14:37,531 --> 00:14:41,259
off policy which was dramatized
by the then Secretary
251
00:14:41,397 --> 00:14:45,160
of State's announcement quote,
we will let the dust settle out
252
00:14:45,263 --> 00:14:46,989
there," end of quote.
253
00:14:47,093 --> 00:14:51,028
You and I know that the
dust was settled in Korea
254
00:14:51,097 --> 00:14:54,652
and is now being settled in
Vietnam with American blood.
255
00:14:54,755 --> 00:14:56,861
Chiang Kai-Shek,
and his government
256
00:14:56,930 --> 00:14:58,932
were compelled to
withdraw to Formosa
257
00:14:59,070 --> 00:15:01,693
where they maintained
a strong bastion
258
00:15:01,762 --> 00:15:03,454
against communists advance.
259
00:15:03,557 --> 00:15:06,802
I believe then, and do now,
that we should have continued
260
00:15:06,906 --> 00:15:09,943
our support of the strongly
anti-Communist government
261
00:15:10,047 --> 00:15:11,600
of Nationalist China.
262
00:15:11,703 --> 00:15:14,775
Had we done so, the United
States would not today
263
00:15:14,914 --> 00:15:17,675
experience an uneasy
peace in Korea
264
00:15:17,778 --> 00:15:21,299
and a costly war in Vietnam.
265
00:15:21,403 --> 00:15:25,062
Of course the next communist
move in their continuous war
266
00:15:25,131 --> 00:15:27,478
on the free world was Korea.
267
00:15:27,616 --> 00:15:31,482
And after General MacArthur was
pulled out for being too tough
268
00:15:31,620 --> 00:15:34,623
on the commies, General
Mark Clark was ordered
269
00:15:34,726 --> 00:15:37,074
to Korea to pick up the pieces.
270
00:15:37,143 --> 00:15:39,145
He soon found out
he was faced again
271
00:15:39,283 --> 00:15:41,043
with the same ol'
problems when it
272
00:15:41,147 --> 00:15:43,804
came to dealing with the reds.
273
00:15:43,943 --> 00:15:45,323
General Mark Clark.
274
00:15:45,461 --> 00:15:48,154
President Truman sent
me out to the Far East
275
00:15:48,292 --> 00:15:49,914
to take command
during the Korean
276
00:15:49,983 --> 00:15:51,329
War the last year and a half.
277
00:15:51,433 --> 00:15:53,987
And there I saw them
again, I saw them this time
278
00:15:54,125 --> 00:15:55,644
on the field of battle.
279
00:15:55,747 --> 00:15:59,234
I saw how treacherous they were,
how they murder our prisoners
280
00:15:59,337 --> 00:16:02,582
of war, and how they could not
be relied upon to carry out any
281
00:16:02,685 --> 00:16:04,998
of their promises or
live up to the rules
282
00:16:05,102 --> 00:16:07,000
of the Geneva
Convention concerning
283
00:16:07,138 --> 00:16:10,624
prisoners or conduct of war.
284
00:16:10,693 --> 00:16:14,525
The so-called Korean War
was the first evidence
285
00:16:14,663 --> 00:16:18,701
since the pullback from
Berlin of a no-win policy.
286
00:16:18,805 --> 00:16:21,601
Apparently Hitler was the
last enemy we were supposed
287
00:16:21,670 --> 00:16:23,913
to put up a fight against.
288
00:16:24,017 --> 00:16:26,468
General Clark found
out that he had
289
00:16:26,537 --> 00:16:30,196
to try to wage war with one,
or maybe both hands, tied.
290
00:16:30,299 --> 00:16:32,025
The fighting was
severe at that time
291
00:16:32,129 --> 00:16:34,131
the Chinese had entered
the war, and there
292
00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:36,650
were many limitations
that were placed upon me
293
00:16:36,754 --> 00:16:38,135
as the commander-in-chief.
294
00:16:38,204 --> 00:16:40,344
I could not hit, for
example, the bridges
295
00:16:40,447 --> 00:16:43,278
over the Yellow River over
which the killers came
296
00:16:43,381 --> 00:16:46,039
with their paraphernalia,
their ammunition, their tanks,
297
00:16:46,177 --> 00:16:48,317
and whatnot to kill our men.
298
00:16:48,386 --> 00:16:52,011
It seemed to me that that was
completely wrong that we should
299
00:16:52,114 --> 00:16:54,220
not take out those bridges.
300
00:16:54,358 --> 00:16:56,877
And that would make it more
difficult for the enemy
301
00:16:56,981 --> 00:16:59,639
to maintain his
position on the field.
302
00:16:59,742 --> 00:17:02,883
We were not able to hit
the city of Pyongyang
303
00:17:02,987 --> 00:17:04,954
because there were
ammunition plants
304
00:17:05,058 --> 00:17:06,715
that were hidden within it.
305
00:17:06,818 --> 00:17:09,994
We did not hit certain power
plants that provided power
306
00:17:10,063 --> 00:17:12,583
for North China and Manchuria.
307
00:17:12,686 --> 00:17:15,241
But in spite of all the
difficulties, a kind of peace
308
00:17:15,379 --> 00:17:17,726
was finally arranged in Korea.
309
00:17:17,829 --> 00:17:21,971
At that time we never heard of a
place called Vietnam, which was
310
00:17:22,075 --> 00:17:25,630
to be the next Red
battle in their long war
311
00:17:25,734 --> 00:17:27,356
against the free world.
312
00:17:27,425 --> 00:17:30,670
Vietnam was in a part of the
French colonial possession
313
00:17:30,739 --> 00:17:33,017
known as Indochina.
314
00:17:33,086 --> 00:17:35,054
The reports were
that the Indochinese
315
00:17:35,157 --> 00:17:36,917
were fighting for
independence from the French.
316
00:17:37,021 --> 00:17:38,402
[explosions]
317
00:17:38,505 --> 00:17:41,094
This may have been so, but
it was also a good excuse
318
00:17:41,198 --> 00:17:43,890
for a communist takeover
to switch the ruling
319
00:17:43,993 --> 00:17:46,996
powers from France to the Reds.
320
00:17:47,100 --> 00:17:48,722
The so-called
revolution was headed
321
00:17:48,791 --> 00:17:52,657
by a character with a funny
beard and an unfunny reputation
322
00:17:52,761 --> 00:17:54,280
as a terrorist.
323
00:17:54,383 --> 00:17:56,592
His name was Ho Chi Minh.
324
00:17:56,696 --> 00:18:01,390
He was what the historians
call a dedicated revolutionary.
325
00:18:01,459 --> 00:18:06,430
Ho was born in 1890 and was a
communist even as a young man.
326
00:18:06,533 --> 00:18:09,122
He was so active that he helped
form the French Communist
327
00:18:09,226 --> 00:18:11,228
Party in 1920.
328
00:18:11,297 --> 00:18:14,576
All during the '30s, the Kremlin
used him to foment trouble
329
00:18:14,645 --> 00:18:21,100
in the Orient, and aided him in
building up a fanatic follower.
330
00:18:21,203 --> 00:18:25,311
When he died in 1969, the
London Daily Telegraph
331
00:18:25,414 --> 00:18:28,762
debunked the picture of
Ho as a simple patriot.
332
00:18:28,831 --> 00:18:33,802
I quote, "there are always men
who, for one reason or another,
333
00:18:33,905 --> 00:18:38,496
will rhapsodize on the qualities
of even the worst tyrant.
334
00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:40,774
Ho Chi Minh's record
for cold-blooded,
335
00:18:40,843 --> 00:18:44,606
and often bestial murder of
men, women, and children,
336
00:18:44,675 --> 00:18:48,782
ranks him beside Hitler and
Stalin for shear atrocity,"
337
00:18:48,886 --> 00:18:50,508
unquote.
338
00:18:50,612 --> 00:18:52,579
Now during Ho's
career, he was paraded
339
00:18:52,683 --> 00:18:54,650
around the communist
world, where
340
00:18:54,754 --> 00:18:59,068
the masses were trotted out
to give him a big reception
341
00:18:59,172 --> 00:19:00,622
wherever he went.
342
00:19:00,691 --> 00:19:04,936
He was feted by such Red liners
as India's Krishna Menon,
343
00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:09,286
and of course, by, the then
big boss of communism, Nikita
344
00:19:09,355 --> 00:19:12,806
Khrushchev, as well as
all the secondary world
345
00:19:12,910 --> 00:19:15,015
wields of the party.
346
00:19:15,154 --> 00:19:16,810
Ho made his biggest
effort at a place
347
00:19:16,879 --> 00:19:21,367
called Dien Bien Phu where
he beseeched the French army.
348
00:19:21,470 --> 00:19:23,679
The United States was asked
to bring an air strike
349
00:19:23,817 --> 00:19:25,750
in against Red positions.
350
00:19:25,854 --> 00:19:28,201
The United States refused.
351
00:19:28,339 --> 00:19:30,479
In any event, the French
cause was probably
352
00:19:30,548 --> 00:19:33,448
doomed because the leftist
French government forced
353
00:19:33,551 --> 00:19:37,383
their army to fight a no-win
war as General Clark had been
354
00:19:37,486 --> 00:19:40,489
forced to fight in
Korea, So Ho was
355
00:19:40,558 --> 00:19:43,665
able to inflict a humiliating
defeat on the French.
356
00:19:43,734 --> 00:19:46,392
NARRATOR: At the Geneva Peace
Conference, which followed,
357
00:19:46,530 --> 00:19:50,810
it was agreed that Laos,
Cambodia, and Vietnam
358
00:19:50,879 --> 00:19:52,708
would be independent nations.
359
00:19:52,812 --> 00:19:55,711
However, Vietnam was
partitioned temporarily,
360
00:19:55,815 --> 00:19:59,405
and the two areas divided
by the 17th parallel--
361
00:19:59,543 --> 00:20:01,648
the north area to
be under the control
362
00:20:01,752 --> 00:20:05,376
of the communist stooge,
Ho Chi Minh, and the south
363
00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:09,553
to be under the former
French puppet, Bao Dai.
364
00:20:09,656 --> 00:20:11,382
Immediately after the
Geneva Conference,
365
00:20:11,486 --> 00:20:14,351
Ho Chi Minh and his
Viet Cong followers
366
00:20:14,420 --> 00:20:18,907
launched an extensive and
brutal campaign of subversion
367
00:20:19,045 --> 00:20:21,047
and guerrilla action.
368
00:20:21,116 --> 00:20:24,775
More than 50,000 South
Vietnamese, including village
369
00:20:24,913 --> 00:20:29,711
officials, teachers, merchants,
and law enforcement officers
370
00:20:29,780 --> 00:20:32,852
were kidnapped,
mutilated, or killed
371
00:20:32,921 --> 00:20:35,441
by the Viet Cong Guerrillas.
372
00:20:35,544 --> 00:20:40,618
Too often our own
information media, TV, radio,
373
00:20:40,756 --> 00:20:45,589
and the press, are responsible
for a wide-held impression
374
00:20:45,692 --> 00:20:49,800
that the North Vietnamese
and the Viet Cong
375
00:20:49,938 --> 00:20:53,355
are the good guys,
and we, the South
376
00:20:53,459 --> 00:20:57,704
Vietnamese, the South
Koreans, and Americans,
377
00:20:57,773 --> 00:21:00,120
are the bad guys.
378
00:21:00,224 --> 00:21:05,022
The Red liners of all
countries had a ball castigating
379
00:21:05,125 --> 00:21:07,300
the United States,
but no one ever
380
00:21:07,404 --> 00:21:10,648
complained about the
almost daily Viet
381
00:21:10,752 --> 00:21:14,825
Cong mortaring of towns and
the killing of civilians.
382
00:21:14,928 --> 00:21:18,104
Well, anyway, to give you
an idea of how popular
383
00:21:18,173 --> 00:21:21,728
Ho and his crowd were after
they kicked out the French,
384
00:21:21,832 --> 00:21:25,214
the Geneva Conference
gave all Vietnamese
385
00:21:25,318 --> 00:21:28,287
300 days to go
either north or south
386
00:21:28,390 --> 00:21:31,220
to the Red or non-Red area.
387
00:21:31,324 --> 00:21:33,292
Word of this opportunity
to make a choice
388
00:21:33,395 --> 00:21:35,811
was supposed to be
circulated in every village
389
00:21:35,915 --> 00:21:37,296
and town in the land.
390
00:21:37,399 --> 00:21:39,021
While Ho understandably
made no effort
391
00:21:39,159 --> 00:21:43,681
to broadcast this information,
over 1,200 thousand people who
392
00:21:43,819 --> 00:21:46,615
found themselves in
the Communist North
393
00:21:46,684 --> 00:21:50,516
streamed south to freedom
below the 17th parallel.
394
00:21:50,619 --> 00:21:54,416
This rush was still in progress
when the 300 days were up,
395
00:21:54,520 --> 00:21:57,523
and Ho dropped the
bamboo curtain.
396
00:21:57,626 --> 00:22:00,146
But in spite of the fact that
he lowered the boom on them,
397
00:22:00,215 --> 00:22:04,012
officially, the continual
defection of North Vietnamese
398
00:22:04,115 --> 00:22:08,361
and defection from the
supposedly dedicated Viet Cong
399
00:22:08,499 --> 00:22:10,363
goes on to this day.
400
00:22:10,501 --> 00:22:13,332
From before 1960,
US advisers were
401
00:22:13,435 --> 00:22:15,541
aiding the South Vietnamese.
402
00:22:15,679 --> 00:22:18,509
We had in the area what
was known as the Military
403
00:22:18,613 --> 00:22:20,442
Assistance Command.
404
00:22:20,546 --> 00:22:21,995
We are fortunate
to be able to hear
405
00:22:22,064 --> 00:22:26,483
from the man who was in charge
almost from the beginning,
406
00:22:26,552 --> 00:22:28,312
General Paul Harkin.
407
00:22:28,381 --> 00:22:33,869
From February 8,
1962 until June 1964,
408
00:22:33,973 --> 00:22:36,562
I was the commander of
the United States Military
409
00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:38,909
Assistance Command in Vietnam.
410
00:22:39,047 --> 00:22:41,739
And at capacity, I commanded
all the United States
411
00:22:41,877 --> 00:22:46,019
forces in South Vietnam,
the army, the Navy,
412
00:22:46,123 --> 00:22:48,194
the Air Force, and the Marines.
413
00:22:48,263 --> 00:22:52,405
We had no American combat
troops in Vietnam at that time.
414
00:22:52,543 --> 00:22:55,270
Our role was strictly advisory.
415
00:22:55,374 --> 00:23:00,068
In that capacity, we trained
the Army, Navy, and Air Force
416
00:23:00,171 --> 00:23:02,035
of the Vietnamese armed forces.
417
00:23:02,104 --> 00:23:05,556
You have probably heard people
say that the United States
418
00:23:05,660 --> 00:23:08,041
shouldn't be over there in
the first place, that's it
419
00:23:08,110 --> 00:23:11,597
an immoral war, that
we are there illegally.
420
00:23:11,700 --> 00:23:14,738
The record shows that after
the partition of Vietnam,
421
00:23:14,841 --> 00:23:17,603
President Eisenhower promised
the government of South
422
00:23:17,741 --> 00:23:20,606
Vietnam, all possible aid.
423
00:23:20,709 --> 00:23:23,194
At the Geneva Conference,
the North Vietnamese
424
00:23:23,298 --> 00:23:28,303
agreed not to molest people
south of the 17th parallel,
425
00:23:28,407 --> 00:23:31,858
but when the Viet Cong started
infiltrating and slaughtering
426
00:23:31,962 --> 00:23:35,448
village leaders, administrators,
and school teachers,
427
00:23:35,586 --> 00:23:38,693
the president of South
Vietnam asked for our help.
428
00:23:38,796 --> 00:23:41,074
He didn't ask Russia.
429
00:23:41,178 --> 00:23:43,456
He didn't ask communist China.
430
00:23:43,594 --> 00:23:45,803
He asked the United
States of America
431
00:23:45,941 --> 00:23:49,566
if we could assist in
stopping communist aggression
432
00:23:49,635 --> 00:23:52,258
and helping build up the
resources of his country.
433
00:23:52,327 --> 00:23:55,088
This was when my headquarters,
the Military Assistance Command
434
00:23:55,192 --> 00:23:56,987
was established.
435
00:23:57,125 --> 00:24:00,266
The South Vietnamese didn't have
quite enough forces to protect
436
00:24:00,369 --> 00:24:01,992
all the villages at once.
437
00:24:02,130 --> 00:24:06,237
And we started in 1961, what
we call the Strategic Hamlet
438
00:24:06,306 --> 00:24:08,723
Program, which simply
meant a trained
439
00:24:08,826 --> 00:24:10,621
local force to protect
the local people
440
00:24:10,725 --> 00:24:13,313
from communist infiltration.
441
00:24:13,417 --> 00:24:15,315
By the American
advisors, the situation
442
00:24:15,454 --> 00:24:17,559
was frustrating in the extreme.
443
00:24:17,663 --> 00:24:19,630
They would aid a village
in building a school
444
00:24:19,734 --> 00:24:21,805
and on the first dark night,
the Viet Cong guerrillas
445
00:24:21,908 --> 00:24:25,153
would destroy it by mortar
fire with mortars made
446
00:24:25,256 --> 00:24:27,293
in Russia or Communist China.
447
00:24:27,396 --> 00:24:29,191
In the back country,
other Americans
448
00:24:29,295 --> 00:24:34,265
were helping to distribute food,
medicine, and needed supplies.
449
00:24:34,334 --> 00:24:36,164
Special forces
played an active part
450
00:24:36,267 --> 00:24:38,684
in training the South
Vietnamese soldiers,
451
00:24:38,822 --> 00:24:41,756
as well as the Montagnard
people in the highland.
452
00:24:41,859 --> 00:24:47,762
The special forces, a
new unit in our services,
453
00:24:47,865 --> 00:24:49,867
is called the Green Berets.
454
00:24:49,971 --> 00:24:54,182
One of the best known of these
is Sergeant Barry Sadler.
455
00:24:54,320 --> 00:24:56,495
We have a big job in Vietnam.
456
00:24:56,598 --> 00:24:58,807
The villagers on both the
Mekong and the Highland
457
00:24:58,876 --> 00:25:00,775
are constantly threatened
by the Viet Cong
458
00:25:00,878 --> 00:25:03,674
and their North
Vietnamese allies,
459
00:25:03,778 --> 00:25:07,126
and often recruited
into their armed forces,
460
00:25:07,229 --> 00:25:14,271
sometimes with use of
propaganda, promises, lies.
461
00:25:14,374 --> 00:25:15,893
When that fails,
they don't hesitate
462
00:25:15,997 --> 00:25:21,347
to use force, terrorism, even
to butchering entire villages
463
00:25:21,450 --> 00:25:23,142
as an example to
those who won't listen
464
00:25:23,211 --> 00:25:26,525
to their friendly persuasion.
465
00:25:26,594 --> 00:25:33,911
And when they use force, they
use these, modern weapons made
466
00:25:34,015 --> 00:25:35,706
in Communist China
and the Soviet
467
00:25:35,810 --> 00:25:39,123
Union, their communist allies.
468
00:25:42,264 --> 00:25:44,404
I spent a great deal of
my time in the Vietnam
469
00:25:44,508 --> 00:25:46,406
working as a medic.
470
00:25:46,510 --> 00:25:51,204
I work in the villages with the
people, and they needed help.
471
00:25:51,273 --> 00:25:53,275
And over a period of years,
the health of these people
472
00:25:53,379 --> 00:25:58,833
has been greatly improved by
the US medics in the field.
473
00:25:58,936 --> 00:26:01,076
You can't get to really
know the people of Vietnam
474
00:26:01,214 --> 00:26:03,907
by staying around Saigon.
475
00:26:04,010 --> 00:26:07,773
Saigon's a big city with 4
and 1/2 million people in it,
476
00:26:07,876 --> 00:26:11,466
and with worst traffic than
you'll find in New York.
477
00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:15,608
The marketplaces are crowded and
filled with black market goods,
478
00:26:15,746 --> 00:26:18,956
everything from American
coffee to opium.
479
00:26:19,060 --> 00:26:21,441
And like all cities
in a war zone,
480
00:26:21,545 --> 00:26:24,686
the profiteers are
after the buck.
481
00:26:24,790 --> 00:26:28,138
But south of Saigon
lies the delta,
482
00:26:28,276 --> 00:26:33,557
28,000 square miles of the
richest rice land in the world,
483
00:26:33,626 --> 00:26:36,284
rice land the communist won.
484
00:26:36,387 --> 00:26:40,702
Here's a housewife out catching
poisonous snakes for the family
485
00:26:40,806 --> 00:26:44,257
dinner, and glad to get them.
486
00:26:44,326 --> 00:26:47,088
Where the Viet Cong mortared
or burned a village,
487
00:26:47,157 --> 00:26:50,091
we came in to collect refugees
and ferry them to a new, more
488
00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:55,303
secure area, one that was
safe from the guerrillas,
489
00:26:55,406 --> 00:26:58,133
at least for the time being.
490
00:26:58,237 --> 00:27:00,515
Of course, the roads were
mined or under possible mortar
491
00:27:00,619 --> 00:27:05,244
attack, and the villagers had to
be moved in airborne operation.
492
00:27:05,347 --> 00:27:09,593
And everything went, including
burial urns which contained
493
00:27:09,697 --> 00:27:13,424
the ashes of their ancestors,
because these people always
494
00:27:13,493 --> 00:27:14,874
carry their dead with them.
495
00:27:18,844 --> 00:27:21,191
More and more
aircraft were needed.
496
00:27:21,329 --> 00:27:23,503
But as we seem to be
getting somewhere,
497
00:27:23,642 --> 00:27:26,265
it so infuriated the
communists that they
498
00:27:26,368 --> 00:27:30,027
stepped up their attacks on
these unarmed innocent people.
499
00:27:30,131 --> 00:27:32,789
Whole villages were
burned to the ground.
500
00:27:32,858 --> 00:27:34,273
Farmers were
mortared and machine
501
00:27:34,376 --> 00:27:35,930
gunned in their rice
paddies while trying
502
00:27:36,033 --> 00:27:38,001
to gather their crops.
503
00:27:38,104 --> 00:27:42,108
The attacks became more and
more vicious and fanatical.
504
00:27:42,212 --> 00:27:44,214
It seems incredible,
but the knowledge
505
00:27:44,352 --> 00:27:46,803
of these terror tactics
didn't inflame the free world
506
00:27:46,872 --> 00:27:49,184
against the communists.
507
00:27:49,288 --> 00:27:53,879
But unbelievably criticism of
our operations began to mount.
508
00:27:53,982 --> 00:27:57,468
It was frustrating for a
soldier halfway around the world
509
00:27:57,572 --> 00:28:00,333
fighting a war, and it
seemed like the enemy was
510
00:28:00,437 --> 00:28:03,129
the good guy in the white hats.
511
00:28:03,233 --> 00:28:04,717
It was as if the
American public were
512
00:28:04,855 --> 00:28:08,065
only getting the information
the Reds wanted them to.
513
00:28:08,169 --> 00:28:10,550
In fact, I'd say the Press had
been more help to the enemy
514
00:28:10,654 --> 00:28:12,069
than a fresh division.
515
00:28:12,207 --> 00:28:16,349
To the Americans in the
mid 60s the situation
516
00:28:16,453 --> 00:28:18,144
really became explosive.
517
00:28:18,248 --> 00:28:21,389
All the troops were
told to avoid combat.
518
00:28:21,492 --> 00:28:26,325
We were losing more and
more advisors all the time.
519
00:28:26,428 --> 00:28:29,604
In the summer of '64,
some of our destroyers
520
00:28:29,742 --> 00:28:33,263
were patrolling in the Gulf
of Concord, and two of them
521
00:28:33,366 --> 00:28:37,577
were fired upon by North
Vietnamese gunboats.
522
00:28:37,716 --> 00:28:39,372
A man who was in
the unique position
523
00:28:39,441 --> 00:28:43,273
to see the whole thing
develop is Admiral
524
00:28:43,411 --> 00:28:48,347
US Grant Sharp, former Commander
in Chief of Pacific operations.
525
00:28:48,416 --> 00:28:49,658
Admiral Sharp.
526
00:28:49,762 --> 00:28:53,007
In early 1965,
President Johnson
527
00:28:53,110 --> 00:28:58,460
decided that US combat troops
were necessary in South Vietnam
528
00:28:58,564 --> 00:29:02,602
to keep the country from being
overrun by the communists,
529
00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:05,053
so that is how it started.
530
00:29:05,122 --> 00:29:08,091
Our objectives are
clear and honorable.
531
00:29:08,194 --> 00:29:12,405
They are simply to prevent
the success of North
532
00:29:12,474 --> 00:29:18,135
Vietnamese aggression, to
prevent Viet Cong terror,
533
00:29:18,239 --> 00:29:22,243
and to allow the country to
live in peace and freedom.
534
00:29:22,312 --> 00:29:25,246
While our objectives
are correct,
535
00:29:25,315 --> 00:29:27,938
the methods we have
used to achieve them
536
00:29:28,042 --> 00:29:30,044
leave much to be desired.
537
00:29:30,147 --> 00:29:32,253
We inserted our
forces piecemeal,
538
00:29:32,322 --> 00:29:36,567
and then, worst of all, we
never used our tremendous air
539
00:29:36,636 --> 00:29:38,742
and Naval power effectively.
540
00:29:38,811 --> 00:29:41,055
Before the admiral
goes on, notice
541
00:29:41,158 --> 00:29:45,300
that just as with the Berlin
pullback in World War II,
542
00:29:45,404 --> 00:29:47,233
and the hamstringing
of the military
543
00:29:47,337 --> 00:29:50,236
during the Korean
mess, the no-win policy
544
00:29:50,340 --> 00:29:54,896
dictated by behind the
scenes powers in Washington
545
00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:57,174
is again in force
and has been ever
546
00:29:57,312 --> 00:30:00,177
since President
Kennedy committed
547
00:30:00,281 --> 00:30:02,352
us to this no-win conflict.
548
00:30:02,490 --> 00:30:04,595
From the beginning, we
should have closed the harbor
549
00:30:04,699 --> 00:30:08,461
of Haiphong and prevented
all the vital imports
550
00:30:08,565 --> 00:30:10,705
from reaching that area.
551
00:30:10,843 --> 00:30:15,330
Instead, we permitted them
to import all the necessities
552
00:30:15,434 --> 00:30:21,578
of war without any difficulties
whatsoever despite the fact
553
00:30:21,681 --> 00:30:23,200
that we control the seas.
554
00:30:23,304 --> 00:30:25,030
This was a great
mistake of course,
555
00:30:25,168 --> 00:30:27,964
and immeasurably
increased the casualties
556
00:30:28,033 --> 00:30:30,380
that our side incurred.
557
00:30:30,518 --> 00:30:32,727
One of the best features
of a Naval blockade,
558
00:30:32,831 --> 00:30:37,249
or a blockade by mining, is that
there are very few casualties
559
00:30:37,352 --> 00:30:38,388
involved.
560
00:30:38,491 --> 00:30:41,667
The country which is
blockaded against simply
561
00:30:41,770 --> 00:30:43,876
doesn't get the
supplies they need,
562
00:30:44,014 --> 00:30:48,536
and thus their capacity to
fight is greatly reduced.
563
00:30:48,674 --> 00:30:50,055
Whenever we fight
the communists,
564
00:30:50,193 --> 00:30:53,368
they seem to have help
from somebody on our side.
565
00:30:53,472 --> 00:30:55,129
Somebody always
wants to bend over
566
00:30:55,232 --> 00:30:57,821
backwards to avoid
getting tough with them,
567
00:30:57,890 --> 00:30:59,719
doing them any damage.
568
00:30:59,858 --> 00:31:02,377
I can't figure this as
a innocent attitude,
569
00:31:02,481 --> 00:31:05,794
especially since the
Reds tell us continually
570
00:31:05,898 --> 00:31:08,797
exactly what
they're going to do.
571
00:31:08,901 --> 00:31:11,559
Now Lenin said war is
simply continuation
572
00:31:11,662 --> 00:31:14,217
of politics by other means.
573
00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:17,151
He's admitting that if
they can't convert you
574
00:31:17,254 --> 00:31:19,532
by peaceful means, they'll
just switch to violence
575
00:31:19,636 --> 00:31:21,155
and pull a gun on you.
576
00:31:21,258 --> 00:31:24,227
He also said something
else in that book.
577
00:31:24,330 --> 00:31:29,266
He said that the assistance
of the Soviet Republic
578
00:31:29,370 --> 00:31:33,408
side by side with the United
States is unthinkable.
579
00:31:33,512 --> 00:31:36,446
One or the other must
triumph in the end.
580
00:31:36,549 --> 00:31:39,449
Now Lenin's school of
poetical warfare in Moscow
581
00:31:39,587 --> 00:31:44,385
teaches that, "war is to
the hilt between communism
582
00:31:44,488 --> 00:31:45,765
and the free world.
583
00:31:45,869 --> 00:31:47,802
It is inevitable."
584
00:31:47,906 --> 00:31:51,944
Now don't take my word for it,
just get one of these books
585
00:31:52,048 --> 00:31:54,395
and read it for yourself.
586
00:31:54,464 --> 00:31:57,743
If you want to know how
they're doing so far,
587
00:31:57,846 --> 00:32:00,194
let's take a look.
588
00:32:00,297 --> 00:32:02,127
They have East Europe.
589
00:32:02,230 --> 00:32:04,784
They're around big
Cuba on one side
590
00:32:04,888 --> 00:32:08,133
and getting ready to break
out in Korea on the other,
591
00:32:08,236 --> 00:32:11,101
and about to wear us
to a nub in Vietnam.
592
00:32:11,205 --> 00:32:14,622
Well, the patience of a
nation or the fighting men
593
00:32:14,725 --> 00:32:16,589
will wear out.
594
00:32:16,658 --> 00:32:20,041
If your own side won't let
you win since that's what
595
00:32:20,145 --> 00:32:22,630
the Reds want, it
makes you wonder
596
00:32:22,768 --> 00:32:24,804
who's controlling our destiny.
597
00:32:24,908 --> 00:32:28,739
The boys on the firing line
are the most frustrated of all.
598
00:32:28,808 --> 00:32:30,810
Listen to a man who
not long ago was
599
00:32:30,914 --> 00:32:34,159
flying a gunship in Vietnam.
600
00:32:34,297 --> 00:32:36,989
We were never really allowed
to go on the offensive.
601
00:32:37,127 --> 00:32:39,509
We were constantly
clearing out areas,
602
00:32:39,647 --> 00:32:42,132
only to let the Viet
Cong go back in as soon
603
00:32:42,236 --> 00:32:43,789
as we had moved out.
604
00:32:43,892 --> 00:32:45,791
On the search and
destroy missions
605
00:32:45,894 --> 00:32:47,827
we would burn up
an area with lead,
606
00:32:47,966 --> 00:32:51,176
or lay down a base of
fire as the term is.
607
00:32:51,314 --> 00:32:53,350
Then the troops were lifted in.
608
00:32:53,488 --> 00:32:56,112
The boys would be landed
and take off into the brush
609
00:32:56,181 --> 00:32:58,114
after the Viet Cong.
610
00:32:58,183 --> 00:32:59,839
When the guys on the
ground were at work,
611
00:32:59,978 --> 00:33:02,532
the expression,
smoking them out,
612
00:33:02,635 --> 00:33:05,535
was an appropriate description
of how they operated.
613
00:33:05,638 --> 00:33:07,813
Later, after they
had swept the area,
614
00:33:07,882 --> 00:33:11,506
we'd come back and pick them up,
and fly them back to the base.
615
00:33:11,610 --> 00:33:14,993
It would be anywhere from
two days to two months.
616
00:33:15,096 --> 00:33:17,167
One thing great
about the chopper,
617
00:33:17,271 --> 00:33:19,514
we would be able to get
the wounded to the hospital
618
00:33:19,652 --> 00:33:21,137
in a matter of minutes.
619
00:33:21,206 --> 00:33:23,829
We arranged the delta
looking for infiltrators,
620
00:33:23,898 --> 00:33:28,178
but the trouble was justice in
the city streets, the markets,
621
00:33:28,282 --> 00:33:31,975
or on the water front, the
North Vietnamese and the
622
00:33:32,044 --> 00:33:33,356
South Vietnamese look alike.
623
00:33:33,459 --> 00:33:36,876
And you can't tell them
apart until it's too late.
624
00:33:36,980 --> 00:33:39,362
The sand-pans below
contain concealed
625
00:33:39,465 --> 00:33:41,881
guerrilla terrorists
armed to the teeth
626
00:33:42,020 --> 00:33:43,745
and loaded down with grenades.
627
00:33:43,883 --> 00:33:47,197
Our night photo planes told
us that during the night
628
00:33:47,301 --> 00:33:49,406
they had slipped
in from Cambodia,
629
00:33:49,544 --> 00:33:52,064
but due to the
political restrictions
630
00:33:52,168 --> 00:33:53,514
we couldn't hit them.
631
00:33:53,583 --> 00:33:56,413
One thing bad about the
war, we couldn't shoot
632
00:33:56,517 --> 00:33:58,415
until they fired at us first.
633
00:33:58,519 --> 00:34:01,832
A lot of my buddies never
got a chance to fire back.
634
00:34:01,901 --> 00:34:03,731
It's tough when
a politician gets
635
00:34:03,834 --> 00:34:05,595
a hold of your trigger finger.
636
00:34:05,733 --> 00:34:09,426
Sometimes we found their boats
hidden in marsh areas covered
637
00:34:09,530 --> 00:34:14,086
with reeds, these, we destroyed
because the area was off limits
638
00:34:14,190 --> 00:34:16,537
to the local populace.
639
00:34:16,606 --> 00:34:19,091
Once the troops uncovered
an ammunition assembly
640
00:34:19,195 --> 00:34:21,576
plant that was actually
below the surface
641
00:34:21,680 --> 00:34:24,234
of the swampy terrain.
642
00:34:24,338 --> 00:34:27,755
The troops found a lot of
grenades and explosives
643
00:34:27,858 --> 00:34:31,517
with Chinese markings, the
products of munitions factories
644
00:34:31,586 --> 00:34:32,863
in Red China.
645
00:34:32,967 --> 00:34:36,246
When an area became heavily
overrun with Viet Cong,
646
00:34:36,350 --> 00:34:40,112
we would pinpoint them
and call in the Air Force.
647
00:34:40,250 --> 00:34:43,115
With our let the enemy
shoot first policy
648
00:34:43,219 --> 00:34:46,118
we saved a lot of American
lives by not having
649
00:34:46,222 --> 00:34:49,708
to drop our ground soldiers
into the hot spots,
650
00:34:49,811 --> 00:34:54,195
but the bearded, bleeding hearts
at home and lefty politicians
651
00:34:54,299 --> 00:34:56,197
soon put a stop to this.
652
00:34:56,301 --> 00:34:59,131
I guess we weren't
supposed to hurt the enemy.
653
00:34:59,235 --> 00:35:01,306
The kind of war we
were forced to fight
654
00:35:01,444 --> 00:35:03,446
was bound to get us nowhere.
655
00:35:03,549 --> 00:35:06,069
But worst of all, the
guys on the ground
656
00:35:06,138 --> 00:35:09,141
might take an area or
a hill with great loss
657
00:35:09,245 --> 00:35:11,074
of blood and life.
658
00:35:11,143 --> 00:35:12,903
They would have to
withdraw and might
659
00:35:13,007 --> 00:35:16,390
have to take it all over
again three months later.
660
00:35:16,493 --> 00:35:20,394
We all felt more and more
frustrated as time went by.
661
00:35:20,497 --> 00:35:22,913
Now I can understand why so
many of the people at home
662
00:35:23,017 --> 00:35:26,296
wanted us to call it quits
and bring the troops home.
663
00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:29,679
Most Americans at home
are honestly concerned.
664
00:35:29,782 --> 00:35:33,510
But unlike any other war that
we were ever involved in,
665
00:35:33,648 --> 00:35:35,788
we have a
communist-inspired front
666
00:35:35,857 --> 00:35:38,274
in our streets working
on the civilities
667
00:35:38,343 --> 00:35:40,517
of a lot of honest people.
668
00:35:40,621 --> 00:35:44,418
They claim they are simply going
all out for peace, while a lot
669
00:35:44,521 --> 00:35:49,008
of them burn the American
flag, stamp it into the ground
670
00:35:49,147 --> 00:35:51,632
while waving the flag
of the Viet Cong,
671
00:35:51,701 --> 00:35:54,117
who have tortured and
killed tens of thousands
672
00:35:54,221 --> 00:35:57,431
of innocent civilians whose only
crime was that they resisted
673
00:35:57,534 --> 00:35:59,502
joining the Red ranks.
674
00:35:59,605 --> 00:36:01,676
Would you call a
person who backed
675
00:36:01,780 --> 00:36:06,854
the enemy, a peace advocate or
a member of the enemy's forces?
676
00:36:06,957 --> 00:36:10,064
Well, someone who backs our
forces, who has traveled
677
00:36:10,168 --> 00:36:14,206
to Vietnam many times, who has
gone to all the combat zones
678
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:16,795
to entertain the
fighting men, and one
679
00:36:16,898 --> 00:36:19,832
of the best loved stars
of the American public,
680
00:36:19,936 --> 00:36:21,489
is Martha Raye.
681
00:36:21,558 --> 00:36:24,665
She can tell it like
is, Martha Raye.
682
00:36:24,734 --> 00:36:28,393
Thank you, Duke, from one
green beret to another.
683
00:36:28,531 --> 00:36:30,395
I've just returned
from my eighth trip
684
00:36:30,533 --> 00:36:32,569
overseas with our
troops, and I'm now
685
00:36:32,673 --> 00:36:34,502
returning from my ninth trip.
686
00:36:34,571 --> 00:36:38,230
I take it and my gear together
to go back home with my family,
687
00:36:38,334 --> 00:36:40,094
and they're also
your family too.
688
00:36:40,198 --> 00:36:44,409
Our troops are shocked at the
attitude of college officials
689
00:36:44,512 --> 00:36:48,482
and others who stoutly maintain
there is no organized direction
690
00:36:48,585 --> 00:36:52,210
to the [inaudible], that
all the demonstrations are
691
00:36:52,313 --> 00:36:55,661
spontaneous and unorganized.
692
00:36:55,765 --> 00:37:00,252
We may rest assure these
servicemen are not deceived.
693
00:37:00,390 --> 00:37:03,013
The Reds have declared
in no uncertain terms
694
00:37:03,117 --> 00:37:06,258
that they are going to destroy
the moral character of a
695
00:37:06,362 --> 00:37:08,260
generation of young Americans.
696
00:37:08,364 --> 00:37:09,744
And when they have
finished, there
697
00:37:09,848 --> 00:37:13,507
will be nothing left to
defend ourselves against them.
698
00:37:16,855 --> 00:37:18,926
And they're doing a
pretty thorough job
699
00:37:19,064 --> 00:37:21,204
on some of our kids.
700
00:37:21,273 --> 00:37:22,447
And while this is
happening, they
701
00:37:22,585 --> 00:37:25,346
won't let us defend
ourselves in the manner
702
00:37:25,450 --> 00:37:29,419
that all great military
minds advocate, to attack,
703
00:37:29,523 --> 00:37:32,146
strike the enemy in
his own territory.
704
00:37:32,250 --> 00:37:36,184
We keep coming back to this as
a central problem in our war
705
00:37:36,288 --> 00:37:37,807
on communism.
706
00:37:37,910 --> 00:37:40,948
Let Admiral Sharp tell it
to you the way he saw it.
707
00:37:41,051 --> 00:37:45,297
The major problem was that we
were restricted in the targets
708
00:37:45,435 --> 00:37:48,300
that we could hit.
709
00:37:48,438 --> 00:37:52,028
We started in the southern
part of North Vietnam
710
00:37:52,131 --> 00:37:54,927
and gradually worked north.
711
00:37:54,996 --> 00:37:59,380
Will the result that the North
Vietnamese with the Soviet's
712
00:37:59,484 --> 00:38:03,626
assistance were permitted
to build up their defenses
713
00:38:03,729 --> 00:38:06,249
around Hanoi and Hai Phong.
714
00:38:06,318 --> 00:38:08,769
So that when our
planes eventually
715
00:38:08,838 --> 00:38:11,910
got into the
Hanoi-Hai Phong area,
716
00:38:12,013 --> 00:38:15,776
they were met by the most
concentrated and accurate air
717
00:38:15,845 --> 00:38:18,675
defenses that any
country has ever faced.
718
00:38:18,813 --> 00:38:21,644
Even so, with their
very heavy defenses
719
00:38:21,747 --> 00:38:24,647
and with the restrictions
are on our air attacks,
720
00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:28,029
we were still able to damage
North Vietnam to the extent
721
00:38:28,167 --> 00:38:33,345
that in the fall of 1967,
they were in great difficulty.
722
00:38:33,483 --> 00:38:37,591
Had we been allowed
to go in 1968,
723
00:38:37,694 --> 00:38:40,352
and hit the targets
that needed to be hit,
724
00:38:40,456 --> 00:38:44,045
and keep the targets down
that we had already hit,
725
00:38:44,183 --> 00:38:50,051
the war would certainly had
been over by the end of 1968.
726
00:38:50,155 --> 00:38:53,192
If you aren't sufficiently
convinced by the admiral,
727
00:38:53,296 --> 00:38:55,816
listen to one of the
Navy bomber pilots.
728
00:38:55,885 --> 00:39:00,165
I think I'm speaking for 99%
of all the men that have been
729
00:39:00,268 --> 00:39:01,856
to Vietnam, whether
in a flying status
730
00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:05,135
or on the ground, when I say
that it's one of the most
731
00:39:05,239 --> 00:39:08,449
frustrating experiences a man,
particularly a fighting man,
732
00:39:08,553 --> 00:39:09,899
could go through.
733
00:39:10,037 --> 00:39:12,177
I think I can say that all
of us who went over there,
734
00:39:12,280 --> 00:39:14,559
and I know all of us
that were together
735
00:39:14,662 --> 00:39:16,215
in my particular
group, went over
736
00:39:16,319 --> 00:39:18,356
there with a
exhilarating feeling
737
00:39:18,459 --> 00:39:20,392
that they were going
to go into battle
738
00:39:20,530 --> 00:39:21,911
and do the job that
had to be done.
739
00:39:22,014 --> 00:39:25,293
They were going to be allowed
to get to the targets.
740
00:39:25,397 --> 00:39:26,916
And of course, we always
go in with the feeling
741
00:39:27,019 --> 00:39:29,919
that we want to help the men on
the ground as much as we can,
742
00:39:30,057 --> 00:39:32,853
and we do this by bombing
the necessary targets.
743
00:39:32,922 --> 00:39:35,580
The logistics lines,
the munitions dumps,
744
00:39:35,683 --> 00:39:39,204
the petroleum stations that
prevent the enemy from getting
745
00:39:39,307 --> 00:39:40,861
this stuff down
into South Vietnam
746
00:39:40,930 --> 00:39:44,416
and using it against our men
and, our allies, the South
747
00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:45,900
Vietnamese.
748
00:39:46,004 --> 00:39:48,696
But it wasn't long until
we realized that because
749
00:39:48,765 --> 00:39:50,595
of the political
restrictions that were placed
750
00:39:50,698 --> 00:39:53,943
upon this particular
war, it was to be
751
00:39:54,046 --> 00:39:57,602
similar to the Korean
War, only probably worse.
752
00:39:57,705 --> 00:39:59,914
And that we were not allowed
to get to these targets
753
00:40:00,018 --> 00:40:03,124
that we knew were necessary
targets and vital targets,
754
00:40:03,262 --> 00:40:06,438
to destroy them and to prevent
these supplies, and enemy
755
00:40:06,576 --> 00:40:08,406
equipment, and enemy
soldiers from getting
756
00:40:08,509 --> 00:40:10,269
into South Vietnam.
757
00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:12,030
We knew that they
were going down there.
758
00:40:12,133 --> 00:40:14,619
And we knew how they
were getting down there.
759
00:40:14,722 --> 00:40:16,793
We knew where the targets were.
760
00:40:16,897 --> 00:40:18,554
But there was so much
frustration in there
761
00:40:18,623 --> 00:40:21,039
that when they came back,
and we told the people back
762
00:40:21,142 --> 00:40:23,628
on the carriers, the
air intelligence people,
763
00:40:23,766 --> 00:40:26,769
the admiral's war room, that
these targets were there,
764
00:40:26,872 --> 00:40:29,392
that we'd like to go bomb them,
they were just as frustrated
765
00:40:29,461 --> 00:40:31,429
as we were because
they had to then send
766
00:40:31,532 --> 00:40:33,948
a message back to
Washington to get permission
767
00:40:34,052 --> 00:40:35,294
to bomb these targets.
768
00:40:35,433 --> 00:40:37,400
And this permission never came.
769
00:40:37,469 --> 00:40:39,195
I recall when they
were first setting up
770
00:40:39,298 --> 00:40:40,990
the missiles sites over there.
771
00:40:41,128 --> 00:40:44,303
Missiles, at that time, had been
used against American aircraft
772
00:40:44,442 --> 00:40:45,822
flying over North Vietnam.
773
00:40:45,960 --> 00:40:48,238
But we came back and told
the responsible people
774
00:40:48,342 --> 00:40:50,758
on the carrier that these
missile sites were going up,
775
00:40:50,827 --> 00:40:51,966
that we could see
them down there,
776
00:40:52,070 --> 00:40:53,589
they were getting
prepared, that we
777
00:40:53,658 --> 00:40:55,660
ought to go back and bomb them.
778
00:40:55,763 --> 00:40:57,731
But once again, our
hands were tied,
779
00:40:57,834 --> 00:40:59,318
the admiral's hands were tied.
780
00:40:59,422 --> 00:41:01,424
They had to go
back to Washington
781
00:41:01,493 --> 00:41:03,599
through channels
with a message, and
782
00:41:03,668 --> 00:41:05,221
the message came
back, no, we could
783
00:41:05,324 --> 00:41:06,498
not bomb the missile sites.
784
00:41:06,636 --> 00:41:08,673
Until the time came
that two of our planes
785
00:41:08,811 --> 00:41:10,329
were shot down on these
missiles on a night
786
00:41:10,468 --> 00:41:12,608
mission or an early
evening mission.
787
00:41:12,677 --> 00:41:15,265
And the whole thing was they
tried to give the indication
788
00:41:15,369 --> 00:41:17,682
that they had not known ahead
of time that these missile
789
00:41:17,785 --> 00:41:19,028
sites were there.
790
00:41:19,131 --> 00:41:20,823
And of course, this is
frustrating to a man
791
00:41:20,926 --> 00:41:24,171
to see his friends, roommate,
the people that he has gone
792
00:41:24,274 --> 00:41:27,001
through training with, go
down in a situation knowing
793
00:41:27,105 --> 00:41:28,589
full well that it
could have been
794
00:41:28,693 --> 00:41:31,109
prevented long before had
the politicians allowed
795
00:41:31,178 --> 00:41:32,697
you to do so.
796
00:41:32,800 --> 00:41:34,526
Now, when I say
restrictions once again,
797
00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:36,597
I say restrictions,
such as these.
798
00:41:36,701 --> 00:41:38,185
We could fly over
enemy air fields
799
00:41:38,288 --> 00:41:40,843
where the planes were
sitting on the airfield.
800
00:41:40,946 --> 00:41:44,294
We knew what they were there
for but we couldn't harm them.
801
00:41:44,398 --> 00:41:47,194
These same planes could
come up behind our aircraft,
802
00:41:47,297 --> 00:41:49,541
and shoot them down, and
climb back down on the deck,
803
00:41:49,679 --> 00:41:51,336
and we were not permitted
to go after them
804
00:41:51,439 --> 00:41:53,476
once they got to that airfield.
805
00:41:53,545 --> 00:41:55,064
There was even
such a restriction
806
00:41:55,167 --> 00:41:57,411
at the particular time I was
there that you could not shoot
807
00:41:57,515 --> 00:42:01,035
an enemy aircraft until he had
fired at you, which is to say
808
00:42:01,139 --> 00:42:03,313
that, if he didn't
shoot you down first,
809
00:42:03,382 --> 00:42:04,970
then you had a chance at him.
810
00:42:05,074 --> 00:42:07,663
I wish that some of the
liberal senators taking
811
00:42:07,732 --> 00:42:09,734
on a negative stand
in this situation
812
00:42:09,872 --> 00:42:13,082
to promote their own
political ambitions
813
00:42:13,220 --> 00:42:15,567
could be put in the
same spot as our boys
814
00:42:15,705 --> 00:42:18,846
overseas with one
arm tied behind them,
815
00:42:18,915 --> 00:42:22,574
or maybe two, face
this treacherous enemy.
816
00:42:22,678 --> 00:42:24,921
One time, we
couldn't bomb convoys.
817
00:42:25,025 --> 00:42:27,683
Finally, we were cleared to
bomb these particular targets
818
00:42:27,752 --> 00:42:30,099
but only so long as
they were on a roadway.
819
00:42:30,202 --> 00:42:32,929
It doesn't matter if you knew
that this particular convoy
820
00:42:33,067 --> 00:42:36,174
was carrying
munitions, supplies,
821
00:42:36,243 --> 00:42:37,416
going into South Vietnam.
822
00:42:37,555 --> 00:42:38,728
We knew their routes.
823
00:42:38,832 --> 00:42:40,558
We knew where they
were going down Route 1
824
00:42:40,661 --> 00:42:41,835
through Mu Gia Pass.
825
00:42:41,938 --> 00:42:45,563
And as far as bomb
shortages at that time,
826
00:42:45,666 --> 00:42:47,461
Mr. McNamara, who was
Secretary of Defense,
827
00:42:47,599 --> 00:42:52,017
was decrying that there was no
substance to the information
828
00:42:52,121 --> 00:42:55,918
that we were experiencing a
shortage of bombs, aircraft,
829
00:42:56,021 --> 00:42:57,885
or flyers in the Vietnam area.
830
00:42:57,954 --> 00:43:01,544
And Congressman Mitchell
had been on the carrier
831
00:43:01,613 --> 00:43:04,685
and had personally
seen these missions
832
00:43:04,789 --> 00:43:06,963
where we were taking off.
833
00:43:07,067 --> 00:43:09,034
Loading with maybe
1/5 a bomb load.
834
00:43:09,138 --> 00:43:12,141
An aircraft that could carry 24
of this particular type bomb,
835
00:43:12,279 --> 00:43:13,970
we were carrying maybe
four of these bombs.
836
00:43:14,108 --> 00:43:16,697
On some days, instead
of carrying bombs
837
00:43:16,801 --> 00:43:18,561
to a target that clearly
called for bombs,
838
00:43:18,630 --> 00:43:20,218
we'd be carrying rockets.
839
00:43:20,321 --> 00:43:22,807
And when you'd ask your deck
officer why we were doing this,
840
00:43:22,910 --> 00:43:25,775
he would say because we don't
have enough bombs to last
841
00:43:25,879 --> 00:43:28,813
the rest of the month if we
carry them on every load,
842
00:43:28,951 --> 00:43:30,780
or if we load the planes fully.
843
00:43:30,884 --> 00:43:34,439
So it was obvious to us that
we were sending out five planes
844
00:43:34,508 --> 00:43:37,304
on a mission, or four planes,
that were loaded with maybe
845
00:43:37,407 --> 00:43:40,652
a fourth or a fifth of a load of
bombs, when we could have sent
846
00:43:40,790 --> 00:43:42,896
one or two planes
with a full load,
847
00:43:42,999 --> 00:43:47,072
and gotten the same job done
with a minimum risk of lives
848
00:43:47,141 --> 00:43:48,522
and equipment.
849
00:43:48,626 --> 00:43:51,076
Of course, you're talking about
a $3.5 million aircraft in case
850
00:43:51,180 --> 00:43:53,907
you're not interested
in the lives involves,
851
00:43:54,010 --> 00:43:58,808
but this is a thing that was
frustrating to us, you see.
852
00:43:58,912 --> 00:44:00,845
Our only concern was
that we could get in
853
00:44:00,983 --> 00:44:02,467
and be allowed to do the job.
854
00:44:02,536 --> 00:44:06,022
When you send men into war,
you should send them in there
855
00:44:06,160 --> 00:44:08,853
with the idea they are
risking their lives,
856
00:44:08,991 --> 00:44:10,475
and for risking
those lives, they
857
00:44:10,544 --> 00:44:13,029
should be allowed to do the
job, to take the action that's
858
00:44:13,133 --> 00:44:16,688
necessary to minimize
the risk of their lives
859
00:44:16,792 --> 00:44:20,658
and to get to the enemy
and get the job done
860
00:44:20,761 --> 00:44:22,211
in a minimum amount
of time and get
861
00:44:22,314 --> 00:44:24,834
back their homes and their
families where they want to be.
862
00:44:24,938 --> 00:44:27,423
And this hasn't been
done in Vietnam.
863
00:44:27,526 --> 00:44:28,769
And the only way
that we're going
864
00:44:28,873 --> 00:44:33,187
to come to a successful
conclusion over there
865
00:44:33,291 --> 00:44:35,051
is to defeat the enemy.
866
00:44:35,189 --> 00:44:37,882
Just as bad as a
no-win restriction,
867
00:44:38,020 --> 00:44:40,885
maybe worse, is the
policy of helping
868
00:44:40,988 --> 00:44:44,716
the enemy to get
goods and munitions
869
00:44:44,820 --> 00:44:46,684
with which to defeat it.
870
00:44:46,787 --> 00:44:48,858
Does that sound idiotic?
871
00:44:48,962 --> 00:44:50,964
We'll listen to a
young green beret
872
00:44:51,067 --> 00:44:54,139
named Peter Stark who lost
both legs below the knees
873
00:44:54,208 --> 00:44:55,485
in Vietnam.
874
00:44:55,554 --> 00:44:58,074
The only way to
break communist will
875
00:44:58,212 --> 00:45:00,421
is to break the communist back.
876
00:45:00,559 --> 00:45:04,632
To do this, you must eliminate
their access to that material
877
00:45:04,736 --> 00:45:07,808
which they need to wage a war.
878
00:45:07,912 --> 00:45:09,258
You must eliminate their means.
879
00:45:09,361 --> 00:45:11,674
The United States had never
significantly attempted
880
00:45:11,743 --> 00:45:14,263
to eliminate their
means of war with which
881
00:45:14,401 --> 00:45:17,507
they kill American soldiers
in the South Vietnam.
882
00:45:17,611 --> 00:45:20,200
We have assured their main
supplier of war goods,
883
00:45:20,269 --> 00:45:25,067
the Soviet Union, and its
satellite nation, its colonies,
884
00:45:25,170 --> 00:45:28,380
which supplies 80% of all the
North Vietnamese war material,
885
00:45:28,449 --> 00:45:31,176
we have assured the Soviet
Bloc countries that we will not
886
00:45:31,280 --> 00:45:34,007
interfere in their
shipment of war goods
887
00:45:34,110 --> 00:45:36,078
to the North Vietnamese enemy.
888
00:45:36,181 --> 00:45:38,597
At the same time that we
have assured them we will not
889
00:45:38,701 --> 00:45:43,085
interfere with his shipment,
we have continued our policy
890
00:45:43,188 --> 00:45:47,710
of trading with the Soviet Bloc,
of sending strategic materials
891
00:45:47,779 --> 00:45:50,126
to the Soviet enemy.
892
00:45:50,264 --> 00:45:55,304
For example, in 1966, the United
States sent the Soviet Union
893
00:45:55,407 --> 00:45:57,616
the entire technical
specifications
894
00:45:57,755 --> 00:46:01,137
which they needed to
build a glycerol plant.
895
00:46:01,275 --> 00:46:04,727
Glycerol is used in the
manufacture of explosives.
896
00:46:04,796 --> 00:46:07,730
I think everybody's
heard of nitroglycerin.
897
00:46:07,799 --> 00:46:09,974
Specifically, in
Vietnam, glycerol is used
898
00:46:10,077 --> 00:46:12,045
as a detonator in booby traps.
899
00:46:12,148 --> 00:46:16,152
Over 50% of all American
casualties suffered in South
900
00:46:16,290 --> 00:46:19,915
Vietnam have come
from booby traps.
901
00:46:19,984 --> 00:46:23,263
I do not think it can be
satisfactorily explained
902
00:46:23,332 --> 00:46:26,507
to a man who has lost
his eyesight because
903
00:46:26,611 --> 00:46:31,789
of a booby trap-- or to the
parents of a man who has been
904
00:46:31,892 --> 00:46:35,516
killed on a booby trap
in South Vietnam--
905
00:46:35,620 --> 00:46:39,175
why the government that sent
this man to South Vietnam
906
00:46:39,313 --> 00:46:44,491
refuses to interfere not
only with the enemy receiving
907
00:46:44,629 --> 00:46:46,148
this type of
weapon, but actually
908
00:46:46,251 --> 00:46:48,702
helped the enemy to produce it.
909
00:46:48,806 --> 00:46:55,536
A screaming example, late 1969,
we loaned Sweden $50 million.
910
00:46:55,640 --> 00:47:03,027
Early 1970, Sweden loans $45
million directly to Hanoi.
911
00:47:03,130 --> 00:47:05,443
For those of us
who have been there,
912
00:47:05,512 --> 00:47:08,826
Vietnam is not a phony war.
913
00:47:08,929 --> 00:47:12,381
It was and is a very real war.
914
00:47:12,484 --> 00:47:14,866
It is not a limited
war because there is
915
00:47:15,004 --> 00:47:18,042
no such thing as limited death.
916
00:47:18,180 --> 00:47:21,045
We're glad to have fought
in Vietnam for the United
917
00:47:21,148 --> 00:47:22,874
States of America
and for freedom
918
00:47:22,978 --> 00:47:24,738
of the South Vietnamese people.
919
00:47:24,842 --> 00:47:28,949
Many of my friends, your sons,
your husbands, your brothers,
920
00:47:29,053 --> 00:47:32,056
and in some cases, your
fathers, have died fighting
921
00:47:32,159 --> 00:47:34,230
the communist enemy in Asia.
922
00:47:34,368 --> 00:47:36,370
You should be very
proud of these men.
923
00:47:36,474 --> 00:47:37,406
They were good men.
924
00:47:37,544 --> 00:47:39,995
They died for the
freedom of others.
925
00:47:40,064 --> 00:47:42,583
No more can be
asked from any man.
926
00:47:42,721 --> 00:47:45,310
They were willing to fight
because they know that
927
00:47:45,414 --> 00:47:48,037
on that day that Americans
are not willing to fight
928
00:47:48,141 --> 00:47:49,556
for their freedom.
929
00:47:49,659 --> 00:47:55,907
On that day, America will no
longer have its own freedom.
930
00:47:56,011 --> 00:47:59,600
Many people have not
been informed of the fact
931
00:47:59,738 --> 00:48:03,639
that Vietnam is more than
just an isolated burstfire
932
00:48:03,742 --> 00:48:06,159
war halfway around the world.
933
00:48:06,262 --> 00:48:08,333
It has a much deeper
meaning than that.
934
00:48:08,437 --> 00:48:12,682
Vietnam is one battle
in a war for the world.
935
00:48:12,786 --> 00:48:16,548
It is a battle we are losing
not on the field of battle
936
00:48:16,652 --> 00:48:18,585
but here at home.
937
00:48:18,688 --> 00:48:21,105
The Soviet empire is expanding.
938
00:48:21,243 --> 00:48:24,418
The communists are definitely
serious about their stated
939
00:48:24,556 --> 00:48:26,765
goal of world conquest.
940
00:48:26,869 --> 00:48:29,872
They are as serious as Hitler
and his National Socialist
941
00:48:29,941 --> 00:48:33,427
Party were about world conquest.
942
00:48:33,531 --> 00:48:37,535
All Americans must remember
that the Soviet enemy is
943
00:48:37,604 --> 00:48:40,296
only 20 minutes away by rocket.
944
00:48:40,400 --> 00:48:44,059
Finally, there was a great
hue and cry to get the Reds
945
00:48:44,128 --> 00:48:47,545
to the so-called peace table.
946
00:48:47,648 --> 00:48:50,582
After all proof to the
contrary over the years
947
00:48:50,651 --> 00:48:53,620
some people still believe
you could talk the Reds
948
00:48:53,758 --> 00:48:55,933
out of taking over our country.
949
00:48:56,036 --> 00:48:57,589
Now, to get the
enemy to talk peace,
950
00:48:57,658 --> 00:49:02,215
you usually bear down hard on
him so that he's had enough
951
00:49:02,318 --> 00:49:04,148
and wants to get out.
952
00:49:04,251 --> 00:49:06,633
Not us, not our
state department,
953
00:49:06,736 --> 00:49:10,464
not our defense department,
we did just the opposite.
954
00:49:10,568 --> 00:49:12,294
We made it easy
on the communists
955
00:49:12,397 --> 00:49:14,882
by stopping the
bombing altogether.
956
00:49:14,986 --> 00:49:17,506
Let Admiral Sharp
comment on that.
957
00:49:17,609 --> 00:49:22,821
Then, in March of 1968, it
was decided to halt the bombing
958
00:49:22,960 --> 00:49:25,307
of the vital areas
of North Vietnam
959
00:49:25,410 --> 00:49:30,174
in order to entice the enemies
to come to the conference table
960
00:49:30,277 --> 00:49:31,761
to negotiate a peace.
961
00:49:31,865 --> 00:49:35,489
Before the North Vietnamese
even got to the conference table
962
00:49:35,593 --> 00:49:38,251
and started negotiating,
we had stopped
963
00:49:38,354 --> 00:49:40,632
all bombing of North Vietnam.
964
00:49:40,701 --> 00:49:42,772
So here was a country
with tremendous air
965
00:49:42,876 --> 00:49:47,260
power allowing an adversary
to fight from a sanctuary.
966
00:49:47,363 --> 00:49:49,262
Were the communists
going to negotiate
967
00:49:49,365 --> 00:49:50,953
under those conditions?
968
00:49:51,022 --> 00:49:52,472
Certainly not.
969
00:49:52,541 --> 00:49:55,993
They were going to delay
meaningful negotiations,
970
00:49:56,096 --> 00:49:58,857
hoping that our natural
impatience to end the war
971
00:49:58,996 --> 00:50:00,549
would get the
better of us, and we
972
00:50:00,687 --> 00:50:03,207
would make concessions to
them which would result
973
00:50:03,345 --> 00:50:05,174
in victory for their side.
974
00:50:05,278 --> 00:50:09,972
Indeed when our bombing was
cut back in March of 1968,
975
00:50:10,041 --> 00:50:12,285
the communists
proclaimed it a victory,
976
00:50:12,388 --> 00:50:14,287
and a victory it really was.
977
00:50:14,390 --> 00:50:18,705
So now we have been negotiating
in Paris for over two years,
978
00:50:18,843 --> 00:50:20,810
and what have the results been?
979
00:50:20,879 --> 00:50:22,398
Absolutely nothing.
980
00:50:22,502 --> 00:50:25,160
We have made concession
after concession,
981
00:50:25,229 --> 00:50:28,508
and the North Vietnamese have
offered absolutely nothing
982
00:50:28,611 --> 00:50:29,888
in return.
983
00:50:29,992 --> 00:50:33,202
They have simply used the
Paris meetings as a propaganda
984
00:50:33,306 --> 00:50:36,757
platform from which to declare
that the United States is
985
00:50:36,861 --> 00:50:40,140
the aggressor in the war,
that we must pull out all
986
00:50:40,244 --> 00:50:42,073
of our troops before
they will consider
987
00:50:42,177 --> 00:50:44,524
any meaningful negotiations.
988
00:50:44,593 --> 00:50:48,424
So this is what we face as a
result of our all out efforts
989
00:50:48,562 --> 00:50:51,013
to bring them to the
conference table.
990
00:50:51,082 --> 00:50:53,360
What do the men who have
to do the fighting think
991
00:50:53,429 --> 00:50:57,364
about the so-called
peace negotiation?
992
00:50:57,433 --> 00:51:00,540
Right now we have people
that think that you can
993
00:51:00,609 --> 00:51:02,266
talk with the
commies, and I think
994
00:51:02,369 --> 00:51:03,888
history proves that you cannot.
995
00:51:03,957 --> 00:51:06,546
I've looked at this enough, and
I am sure that people that are
996
00:51:06,615 --> 00:51:08,824
much more experienced
in the field
997
00:51:08,927 --> 00:51:10,101
of negotiating
with the Communists
998
00:51:10,239 --> 00:51:11,585
would tell you the same thing.
999
00:51:11,689 --> 00:51:14,243
The only time the communists
come to the peace table
1000
00:51:14,347 --> 00:51:17,039
is when they feel that they
have something to gain there
1001
00:51:17,108 --> 00:51:18,937
or for stalling.
1002
00:51:19,041 --> 00:51:20,456
And this means that
they have more time
1003
00:51:20,560 --> 00:51:23,528
to build up their
troops in the field
1004
00:51:23,632 --> 00:51:28,188
and to get more ammunition,
more troops into the battle,
1005
00:51:28,292 --> 00:51:30,915
and play publicity and
propaganda, particularly when
1006
00:51:30,984 --> 00:51:33,918
you have a situation like
we have in this country now
1007
00:51:33,987 --> 00:51:37,887
where people are expressing
their opposition to the war.
1008
00:51:37,991 --> 00:51:40,407
And of course, I can understand
some of this opposition
1009
00:51:40,476 --> 00:51:43,238
because the way the
politicians have used it.
1010
00:51:43,307 --> 00:51:46,137
They left themselves
wide open for opposition.
1011
00:51:46,241 --> 00:51:48,105
But the fact remains
that the only way
1012
00:51:48,208 --> 00:51:52,143
to stop the communist
action in Southeast Asia
1013
00:51:52,247 --> 00:51:55,077
is from a position of
unassailable strength.
1014
00:51:55,146 --> 00:51:56,665
That's the only thing
they understand.
1015
00:51:56,803 --> 00:51:59,254
For those of us who
have fought in Vietnam,
1016
00:51:59,323 --> 00:52:03,154
the peace talks have always
been, at best, futile,
1017
00:52:03,258 --> 00:52:04,742
at worst, tragic.
1018
00:52:04,845 --> 00:52:07,572
Tragic for those soldiers in
South Vietnamese who had been
1019
00:52:07,676 --> 00:52:10,299
killed because of the
improper and incorrect
1020
00:52:10,403 --> 00:52:15,132
use of the combination of
military and diplomatic means.
1021
00:52:15,235 --> 00:52:17,686
Correct diplomacy,
correct negotiations,
1022
00:52:17,789 --> 00:52:21,621
are used to shorten the
war, not to prolong the war.
1023
00:52:21,690 --> 00:52:25,521
The great statesmen that our
nation has had in the past
1024
00:52:25,659 --> 00:52:29,456
have been those statesmen with
the courage and resolution
1025
00:52:29,525 --> 00:52:33,115
to allow their military
do that job for which
1026
00:52:33,184 --> 00:52:35,807
the military is established.
1027
00:52:35,876 --> 00:52:39,432
Great statesmen are not people
who hamstring the military
1028
00:52:39,535 --> 00:52:42,366
and prolong the decision.
1029
00:52:42,504 --> 00:52:47,336
Peace negotiation and
peace depend on two things.
1030
00:52:47,440 --> 00:52:49,200
One is the will of
the enemy, the other
1031
00:52:49,338 --> 00:52:51,029
is the means of the enemy.
1032
00:52:51,133 --> 00:52:53,204
You must either
destroy the enemy will
1033
00:52:53,308 --> 00:52:55,827
or destroy the
means the enemy has.
1034
00:52:55,896 --> 00:52:59,348
Now, the United States
has always had the means.
1035
00:52:59,452 --> 00:53:02,006
The men and material
successfully wage
1036
00:53:02,109 --> 00:53:04,560
the war in Vietnam and win.
1037
00:53:04,664 --> 00:53:06,976
However, at the
policy level, we have
1038
00:53:07,045 --> 00:53:09,047
never had the desire to win.
1039
00:53:09,186 --> 00:53:11,843
We have never had
the will to win.
1040
00:53:11,912 --> 00:53:14,398
The North Vietnamese
communists, on the other hand,
1041
00:53:14,501 --> 00:53:16,952
have never had the
material or manpower
1042
00:53:17,055 --> 00:53:18,885
to defeat the United
States soldiers
1043
00:53:19,023 --> 00:53:20,300
on the field of battle.
1044
00:53:20,404 --> 00:53:23,752
Their leadership, however,
has the will to win.
1045
00:53:23,890 --> 00:53:26,824
They have the will, the
desire, and the determination
1046
00:53:26,893 --> 00:53:29,413
to conquer South Vietnam.
1047
00:53:29,551 --> 00:53:32,485
Communists are determined men,
they are very serious men,
1048
00:53:32,588 --> 00:53:34,832
they are very brutal men.
1049
00:53:34,935 --> 00:53:37,593
At this point I think we
should let General Clark
1050
00:53:37,697 --> 00:53:39,871
tell us how he managed
to get the Reds
1051
00:53:39,975 --> 00:53:42,426
to the peace table in Korea.
1052
00:53:42,529 --> 00:53:44,842
So after being at
Panmunjom, being in charge
1053
00:53:44,945 --> 00:53:48,604
of the negotiations there,
and our people being insulted
1054
00:53:48,742 --> 00:53:51,435
almost daily, I finally
plead with my government
1055
00:53:51,538 --> 00:53:55,232
to let me break off
the negotiations
1056
00:53:55,335 --> 00:53:56,785
and place on the
conference table,
1057
00:53:56,888 --> 00:53:59,926
a reasonable American
position, one upon which
1058
00:54:00,029 --> 00:54:02,687
we could sign an armistice.
1059
00:54:02,791 --> 00:54:05,034
When finally Washington
permitted me to do so,
1060
00:54:05,103 --> 00:54:06,450
we walked out.
1061
00:54:06,588 --> 00:54:08,175
And then I called
in my commanders
1062
00:54:08,279 --> 00:54:10,626
of the Navy, the
Air, and the Army,
1063
00:54:10,730 --> 00:54:12,525
and we sat around for days.
1064
00:54:12,628 --> 00:54:15,286
How could we hurt the enemy
within the limitations
1065
00:54:15,424 --> 00:54:16,874
imposed upon us?
1066
00:54:16,977 --> 00:54:19,256
And one by one with the
exception of permission
1067
00:54:19,359 --> 00:54:21,568
to bomb the Yellow
River bridges,
1068
00:54:21,637 --> 00:54:24,295
I had these
limitations taken off.
1069
00:54:24,399 --> 00:54:26,366
Our hands were untied.
1070
00:54:26,470 --> 00:54:29,714
And we hit the dams, and
we took out their power.
1071
00:54:29,818 --> 00:54:32,476
We hit their dams and
inundated their fields.
1072
00:54:32,579 --> 00:54:36,480
We attacked Pyongyang,
the capital of North Korea
1073
00:54:36,583 --> 00:54:39,483
after notifying the people
that we were coming.
1074
00:54:39,621 --> 00:54:41,968
And we just pounded
them until it hurt them.
1075
00:54:42,071 --> 00:54:44,902
And then about three
months later, Kim Il-sung
1076
00:54:45,005 --> 00:54:48,008
sent me a message, and said,
let's go back to the conference
1077
00:54:48,146 --> 00:54:51,633
table, and let's trade
prisoners of war and our sick
1078
00:54:51,736 --> 00:54:53,013
and wounded.
1079
00:54:53,117 --> 00:54:55,464
That's something we had asked
to do many months before.
1080
00:54:55,568 --> 00:54:57,984
So then we got down
to business and began
1081
00:54:58,122 --> 00:54:59,917
to work on an armistice.
1082
00:55:00,020 --> 00:55:03,679
Then General Eisenhower,
my old West Point comrade,
1083
00:55:03,817 --> 00:55:06,164
came over as the
President-elect.
1084
00:55:06,268 --> 00:55:08,166
And we had our plans
to present to him,
1085
00:55:08,305 --> 00:55:10,410
and I presented
them to him, how we
1086
00:55:10,514 --> 00:55:13,793
could win the war by
the use of the Naval
1087
00:55:13,896 --> 00:55:15,795
and Air power primarily.
1088
00:55:15,864 --> 00:55:19,523
I'm not a believer in slugging
it out man for man on the field
1089
00:55:19,626 --> 00:55:22,526
of battle with communists
because the American GI
1090
00:55:22,664 --> 00:55:24,804
is a very precious commodity.
1091
00:55:24,873 --> 00:55:27,185
And the communists don't
care how many of their men
1092
00:55:27,324 --> 00:55:29,153
they kill.
1093
00:55:29,222 --> 00:55:32,777
So not having had the
determination to win that war,
1094
00:55:32,881 --> 00:55:36,229
we got busy, as I was directed,
and we signed an armistice.
1095
00:55:36,367 --> 00:55:40,371
Now, that armistice was violated
by the communists the next day,
1096
00:55:40,509 --> 00:55:43,305
and it's been violated
by them ever since.
1097
00:55:43,409 --> 00:55:47,723
And as I signed that Korean
armistice I was convinced that
1098
00:55:47,861 --> 00:55:50,347
had we step out
and had the courage
1099
00:55:50,450 --> 00:55:53,073
to win in our first test
of arms with communism,
1100
00:55:53,211 --> 00:55:56,698
and win decisively, we would
not be in the predicament
1101
00:55:56,801 --> 00:56:00,011
and the mess we find ourselves
in at the present time
1102
00:56:00,115 --> 00:56:01,219
in Vietnam.
1103
00:56:01,358 --> 00:56:03,325
What's the answer?
1104
00:56:03,394 --> 00:56:06,293
One political leader
who hasn't kept silent
1105
00:56:06,397 --> 00:56:08,917
is Alaskan Senator [inaudible].
1106
00:56:09,055 --> 00:56:12,196
He went to Vietnam
to see for himself.
1107
00:56:12,265 --> 00:56:16,856
Our liberal Press has not seen
fit to spotlight his remarks,
1108
00:56:16,959 --> 00:56:18,098
here they are.
1109
00:56:18,236 --> 00:56:20,998
Well, the most brilliant
military men in our country
1110
00:56:21,101 --> 00:56:24,242
have said that we must win
in Vietnam, General Mark
1111
00:56:24,381 --> 00:56:27,418
Clark, General Al
Wedemeyer, General
1112
00:56:27,556 --> 00:56:30,663
Paul Harkins, Admiral Sharp.
1113
00:56:30,766 --> 00:56:33,251
The military
commanders in the field
1114
00:56:33,355 --> 00:56:37,083
have all said that there can
be no satisfactory conclusion
1115
00:56:37,186 --> 00:56:40,327
to the war in Vietnam
without a military victory.
1116
00:56:40,431 --> 00:56:42,571
We have the ships,
we have the guns,
1117
00:56:42,675 --> 00:56:46,437
we have the planes,
what is lacking?
1118
00:56:46,541 --> 00:56:48,750
We have the men, we
have the courage, what
1119
00:56:48,853 --> 00:56:52,132
is lacking is a will to win.
1120
00:56:52,236 --> 00:56:56,102
Richard Nixon, himself, has
said what is needed in Vietnam
1121
00:56:56,205 --> 00:56:59,346
is a will to win, but
our State Department
1122
00:56:59,450 --> 00:57:01,970
does not have a will to win.
1123
00:57:02,108 --> 00:57:04,282
In fact, they have
said that they do
1124
00:57:04,386 --> 00:57:07,631
not intend to win in Vietnam.
1125
00:57:07,769 --> 00:57:13,878
One of our top advisers to
the president, Dr. Kissinger,
1126
00:57:13,982 --> 00:57:17,295
has said, that military
victory in Vietnam
1127
00:57:17,434 --> 00:57:20,885
is neither possible
nor desirable.
1128
00:57:20,989 --> 00:57:24,579
This fuzzy thinking,
this no-win thinking
1129
00:57:24,648 --> 00:57:27,823
has resulted in the loss
of more American lives
1130
00:57:27,927 --> 00:57:31,068
than either World
War I or Korea.
1131
00:57:31,171 --> 00:57:35,244
It's resulted in the longest
war in American history,
1132
00:57:35,348 --> 00:57:40,733
certainly, the most frustrating
war in American history.
1133
00:57:40,836 --> 00:57:43,598
The question is
this fuzzy thinking
1134
00:57:43,667 --> 00:57:45,496
or is it something else?
1135
00:57:45,634 --> 00:57:49,327
With Congress rests the
constitutional authority
1136
00:57:49,431 --> 00:57:51,675
to determine foreign policy.
1137
00:57:51,778 --> 00:57:54,609
Congress must
reassert its authority
1138
00:57:54,678 --> 00:57:57,301
and determine the
foreign policy.
1139
00:57:57,404 --> 00:58:01,270
It must require that
military decisions
1140
00:58:01,339 --> 00:58:03,652
be made by military men.
1141
00:58:03,756 --> 00:58:09,106
Our men on the battlefield must
be given the chance to win.
1142
00:58:09,175 --> 00:58:11,867
In war there must be victory.
1143
00:58:11,971 --> 00:58:14,663
Some people are demanding
an abrupt pull-out.
1144
00:58:14,767 --> 00:58:17,459
They seem to believe
that the Reds will stop
1145
00:58:17,528 --> 00:58:19,254
fighting and killing
at once and that there
1146
00:58:19,357 --> 00:58:20,704
will be instant peace.
1147
00:58:20,842 --> 00:58:23,327
Well, let's hear again
from General Harkins.
1148
00:58:23,430 --> 00:58:25,536
If we pull out
abruptly, the Reds
1149
00:58:25,674 --> 00:58:29,885
will have a free hand as
they had when they took Hue
1150
00:58:30,023 --> 00:58:32,992
in that infamous Tet Offensive.
1151
00:58:33,061 --> 00:58:36,651
They massacred and mutilated
thousands of civilians.
1152
00:58:36,720 --> 00:58:39,792
There will be a frightful
massacre of those who have
1153
00:58:39,895 --> 00:58:43,071
resisted communism
in South Vietnam,
1154
00:58:43,209 --> 00:58:45,176
and perhaps in the
rest of the countries
1155
00:58:45,245 --> 00:58:49,905
of Southeast Asia such as Laos,
and Cambodia, and Thailand.
1156
00:58:50,009 --> 00:58:53,633
It may further open
the way to infiltration
1157
00:58:53,737 --> 00:58:56,084
and maybe attacks from
some of the other countries
1158
00:58:56,187 --> 00:58:59,639
such as Malaysia,
Indonesia, Australia, New
1159
00:58:59,743 --> 00:59:01,883
Zealand, and the Philippines.
1160
00:59:01,986 --> 00:59:05,300
The communists haven't stopped
in their world defensive
1161
00:59:05,403 --> 00:59:06,473
so far.
1162
00:59:06,577 --> 00:59:09,373
I think it's tragic
and unfortunate
1163
00:59:09,476 --> 00:59:11,064
that the people of
the United States
1164
00:59:11,168 --> 00:59:15,103
must be constantly reminded
that the communists have said
1165
00:59:15,241 --> 00:59:18,934
they were going to surround this
and they were going to bury us.
1166
00:59:19,072 --> 00:59:22,075
They said they were going
to take over Eastern Europe
1167
00:59:22,179 --> 00:59:23,111
and they have.
1168
00:59:23,249 --> 00:59:25,251
They tried to come
down through Greece,
1169
00:59:25,354 --> 00:59:27,494
and we helped to stop them.
1170
00:59:27,598 --> 00:59:29,220
They tried to come
through North Korea,
1171
00:59:29,289 --> 00:59:31,395
and with the aid of
15 other free nations,
1172
00:59:31,498 --> 00:59:33,224
we stopped them again.
1173
00:59:33,328 --> 00:59:35,019
They've taken over Cuba.
1174
00:59:35,123 --> 00:59:37,125
They're very active
in Latin America.
1175
00:59:37,263 --> 00:59:41,957
And now they're trying to come
down through Southeast Asia.
1176
00:59:42,061 --> 00:59:44,857
I would say they're pretty
well surrounding us.
1177
00:59:44,960 --> 00:59:46,962
I think it's far
better to stop them
1178
00:59:47,066 --> 00:59:50,794
on some faraway distant shores
than wait for another Pearl
1179
00:59:50,932 --> 00:59:53,728
Harbor, or perhaps, to try
to stop them on the shores
1180
00:59:53,797 --> 00:59:55,212
of the United States.
1181
00:59:55,315 --> 00:59:57,870
Tom Hayden has been
called America's most
1182
00:59:57,973 --> 01:00:01,459
decorated civilian to
have served in Vietnam.
1183
01:00:01,563 --> 01:00:04,497
He was in Hue after
the Tet massacre.
1184
01:00:04,635 --> 01:00:07,880
Listen to his account of how
the communists exterminate those
1185
01:00:07,983 --> 01:00:10,158
who oppose them, Tom Hayden.
1186
01:00:10,261 --> 01:00:12,332
A North Vietnamese
regiment captured
1187
01:00:12,436 --> 01:00:14,749
the ancient capital of Hue
during the Tet Offensive
1188
01:00:14,818 --> 01:00:16,889
in January of 1968.
1189
01:00:16,992 --> 01:00:18,822
The North Vietnamese
asked the Hue citizens
1190
01:00:18,960 --> 01:00:21,341
to join them and oppose
the Saigon government.
1191
01:00:21,479 --> 01:00:25,518
The people of Hue said no,
then came the massacre.
1192
01:00:25,656 --> 01:00:30,212
Over 4,000 civilian graves
have been found, many of them
1193
01:00:30,316 --> 01:00:31,489
were buried alive.
1194
01:00:31,628 --> 01:00:34,527
Over 1,000 people
are still missing.
1195
01:00:34,631 --> 01:00:37,599
Those in America who say that
the people of South Vietnam
1196
01:00:37,668 --> 01:00:41,499
support the communists,
refused to remember Hue.
1197
01:00:41,638 --> 01:00:43,018
They have forgotten
[inaudible] where
1198
01:00:43,156 --> 01:00:45,987
over 100 Motagnards
were murdered,
1199
01:00:46,090 --> 01:00:48,852
men, women, and children.
1200
01:00:48,955 --> 01:00:52,200
Here is the latest example
of the popular support
1201
01:00:52,303 --> 01:00:55,548
the communists have
in South Vietnam.
1202
01:00:55,686 --> 01:01:00,070
Saigon, Viet Cong troops attack
a South Vietnamese village
1203
01:01:00,173 --> 01:01:02,003
south of Da Nang.
1204
01:01:02,106 --> 01:01:06,214
Over 75 civilians were
killed and 85 wounded.
1205
01:01:06,352 --> 01:01:10,045
The survivors of the Viet Cong
invaded by reading Hamlet,
1206
01:01:10,183 --> 01:01:12,185
stated that the enemy
ran through the streets,
1207
01:01:12,289 --> 01:01:14,325
shooting anyone
they found, throwing
1208
01:01:14,394 --> 01:01:18,433
grenades into their homes and
into their civilian bunkers.
1209
01:01:18,536 --> 01:01:20,677
But some of the
news media will tell
1210
01:01:20,780 --> 01:01:22,023
you that the South
Vietnamese are
1211
01:01:22,126 --> 01:01:23,714
not fighting for their freedom.
1212
01:01:23,852 --> 01:01:25,164
That is a lie.
1213
01:01:25,233 --> 01:01:28,132
I spent over two
years with the people
1214
01:01:28,236 --> 01:01:29,893
and they are
fighting for freedom.
1215
01:01:29,996 --> 01:01:32,861
The Hue massacre should
prove that many of them
1216
01:01:32,965 --> 01:01:34,345
are dieing for their freedom.
1217
01:01:34,449 --> 01:01:35,899
We can't get out.
1218
01:01:36,037 --> 01:01:39,696
We lead a vacuum and
years to come we've paid
1219
01:01:39,799 --> 01:01:42,077
ten times the amount of blood.
1220
01:01:42,181 --> 01:01:45,529
And if we get no
response whatsoever
1221
01:01:45,598 --> 01:01:48,221
to our stopping of the
bombing and our initiatives
1222
01:01:48,325 --> 01:01:51,052
towards peace, it may be
that we will have to step
1223
01:01:51,155 --> 01:01:53,571
up and intensify the war.
1224
01:01:53,710 --> 01:01:56,229
And then if we
do, I'm sure we'll
1225
01:01:56,333 --> 01:01:59,025
bring the communist to
the conference table,
1226
01:01:59,094 --> 01:02:00,199
and we'll bring him fast.
1227
01:02:00,302 --> 01:02:03,167
[weapons firing]
1228
01:02:11,244 --> 01:02:13,005
[explosions]
1229
01:02:13,108 --> 01:02:15,352
When it comes to the
question of our pulling out,
1230
01:02:15,455 --> 01:02:17,561
I think one of the most
significant comments
1231
01:02:17,630 --> 01:02:21,668
was made by General [inaudible],
field commander, whose
1232
01:02:21,772 --> 01:02:23,498
troops were
surrounded and forced
1233
01:02:23,601 --> 01:02:26,570
to surrender at Dien Bien Phu.
1234
01:02:26,673 --> 01:02:29,090
[non-english speech]
1235
01:02:37,132 --> 01:02:39,686
General [inaudible]
does not speak English,
1236
01:02:39,790 --> 01:02:41,309
but in French, he
made it clear to us
1237
01:02:41,447 --> 01:02:44,312
that if the United States
leaves Southeast Asia
1238
01:02:44,450 --> 01:02:48,281
in defeat, on that day
the whole free world will
1239
01:02:48,419 --> 01:02:50,732
begin to crumble.
1240
01:02:50,801 --> 01:02:53,631
Ezra Taft Benson
offered one solution
1241
01:02:53,770 --> 01:02:55,979
that hasn't been given
too much attention
1242
01:02:56,117 --> 01:02:59,223
up till now, Mr. Benson.
1243
01:02:59,327 --> 01:03:01,225
I recently returned
from two weeks
1244
01:03:01,329 --> 01:03:04,746
in war-threatened
and war-torn Asia.
1245
01:03:04,815 --> 01:03:06,817
The men of Vietnam who
are ready to give their
1246
01:03:06,955 --> 01:03:10,234
all in the defense of freedom,
who worry about reports
1247
01:03:10,338 --> 01:03:14,687
from home of rioters, draft
card burners, and other citizens
1248
01:03:14,791 --> 01:03:18,656
many times more numerous, who
seem oblivious to the threat
1249
01:03:18,795 --> 01:03:21,176
to our freedom as
they continue to enjoy
1250
01:03:21,314 --> 01:03:23,592
their comfortable complacency.
1251
01:03:23,696 --> 01:03:28,528
Regardless of any question of
our involvement in Vietnam,
1252
01:03:28,632 --> 01:03:33,499
we're there and we're
involved, so what do we do now?
1253
01:03:33,602 --> 01:03:36,778
We should concentrate on doing
whatever is necessary to bring
1254
01:03:36,847 --> 01:03:40,023
our boys home, but before
we bring them home,
1255
01:03:40,126 --> 01:03:42,611
we should let them finish
the job most of them
1256
01:03:42,680 --> 01:03:44,855
thought they were
sent there to do.
1257
01:03:44,959 --> 01:03:47,375
Let the communists
see what good-natured
1258
01:03:47,478 --> 01:03:53,553
Uncle Sam can still do when a
bully picks a fight with him.
1259
01:03:53,657 --> 01:03:57,109
Drop those suicidal,
limited political objects
1260
01:03:57,212 --> 01:03:59,870
and launch a massive
military campaign.
1261
01:03:59,974 --> 01:04:02,839
Topple the Hanoi regime
and dictate rather
1262
01:04:02,942 --> 01:04:05,980
than negotiate the peace terms.
1263
01:04:06,049 --> 01:04:08,292
Then bring our boys home.
1264
01:04:08,396 --> 01:04:11,537
Will this bring Red
China into the war?
1265
01:04:11,640 --> 01:04:13,988
Red China is already in the war.
1266
01:04:14,057 --> 01:04:17,025
The best way to
get her out of it
1267
01:04:17,129 --> 01:04:22,134
is to let Chiang Kai-Shek
join us as he has requested.
1268
01:04:22,237 --> 01:04:26,034
He stands ready with
600,000 well-trained men
1269
01:04:26,138 --> 01:04:29,658
who know how to fight
under Asian conditions.
1270
01:04:29,762 --> 01:04:33,731
Our no-win policy in Vietnam
instead of promoting peace,
1271
01:04:33,835 --> 01:04:37,597
only sets the stage for settling
the problem, for the time
1272
01:04:37,701 --> 01:04:40,324
being, with a coalition
government of communists
1273
01:04:40,428 --> 01:04:44,811
and non-communists, and this
virtually ensures continued
1274
01:04:44,915 --> 01:04:45,985
war.
1275
01:04:46,089 --> 01:04:48,885
You know our troops
overseas, they
1276
01:04:48,988 --> 01:04:52,819
ask for so very little,
and yet they give
1277
01:04:52,923 --> 01:04:56,547
and give so very, very much.
1278
01:04:56,651 --> 01:04:58,032
Nobody wants a war.
1279
01:04:58,101 --> 01:05:01,898
God knows that, and
especially our troops that
1280
01:05:02,001 --> 01:05:04,383
are fighting one over there.
1281
01:05:04,452 --> 01:05:06,454
But as long as they are
fighting a war over there,
1282
01:05:06,592 --> 01:05:09,008
the least we could
do back home here
1283
01:05:09,112 --> 01:05:16,395
is just to give them the
support, the love, the dignity,
1284
01:05:16,464 --> 01:05:23,954
and the respect that they, our
flags and our country deserves.
1285
01:05:24,092 --> 01:05:26,439
And that's all they ask of you.
1286
01:05:26,577 --> 01:05:27,716
Thank you.
1287
01:05:27,820 --> 01:05:30,374
So we come back to the
men who fight the battle,
1288
01:05:30,478 --> 01:05:33,067
or are we all involved
in the battle?
1289
01:05:33,136 --> 01:05:34,896
Listen to Captain Wilson.
1290
01:05:34,965 --> 01:05:37,105
I went to Vietnam
to fight communism.
1291
01:05:37,209 --> 01:05:38,624
And when you get
to the base of it,
1292
01:05:38,727 --> 01:05:41,558
that's what Vietnam is all
about, communist aggression.
1293
01:05:41,661 --> 01:05:43,491
Communist aggression,
not only in Vietnam
1294
01:05:43,629 --> 01:05:47,115
but in Laos, Thailand,
Cambodia, and all
1295
01:05:47,219 --> 01:05:48,737
the areas of Southeast Asia.
1296
01:05:48,841 --> 01:05:51,154
We have communist aggression
right here in America right
1297
01:05:51,257 --> 01:05:54,260
in the streets every day, and
it's evident in the newspapers
1298
01:05:54,329 --> 01:05:56,469
if you read them closely.
1299
01:05:56,573 --> 01:05:58,333
Wherever we can fight
communist aggression,
1300
01:05:58,471 --> 01:06:00,301
we owe it to our
country to do so.
1301
01:06:00,404 --> 01:06:02,579
Communism is America's
number one enemy.
1302
01:06:02,682 --> 01:06:06,307
It has been for years and it
will be for years to come.
1303
01:06:06,410 --> 01:06:09,103
The only way to solve
the problem in Vietnam
1304
01:06:09,172 --> 01:06:11,277
is to take it to the
base of the problem,
1305
01:06:11,346 --> 01:06:15,143
and that is into the cities
and towns of North Vietnam.
1306
01:06:15,247 --> 01:06:18,802
We do not need to send
troops into North Vietnam.
1307
01:06:18,905 --> 01:06:20,873
The job can be
done from the air.
1308
01:06:20,977 --> 01:06:24,635
We knew it when I was over there
and we know it still today.
1309
01:06:24,704 --> 01:06:28,294
You have to take your aircraft,
the munitions at hand,
1310
01:06:28,363 --> 01:06:32,298
and go to North Vietnam and bomb
the targets and the facilities
1311
01:06:32,367 --> 01:06:35,508
that they use to wage war
against the other bordering
1312
01:06:35,646 --> 01:06:36,889
countries.
1313
01:06:36,993 --> 01:06:39,547
This is the only thing that
the communists understand.
1314
01:06:39,685 --> 01:06:42,515
You do it from an unassailable
position of strength.
1315
01:06:42,619 --> 01:06:45,208
You let them know that
you mean business.
1316
01:06:45,311 --> 01:06:48,487
You bomb their facilities
that they use to wage war.
1317
01:06:48,556 --> 01:06:51,386
You make it so unpleasant for
them at home that they have
1318
01:06:51,490 --> 01:06:53,561
to keep their troops at home
to look after the business
1319
01:06:53,664 --> 01:06:56,012
at hand, and they cannot afford
to send them across other
1320
01:06:56,081 --> 01:06:59,498
country's borders, violating the
sovereignty of these countries.
1321
01:06:59,567 --> 01:07:02,190
This is the only thing that
the communists understand.
1322
01:07:02,294 --> 01:07:03,571
It's the only way
to deal with them.
1323
01:07:03,674 --> 01:07:05,745
It cannot be done at
the conference table.
1324
01:07:05,849 --> 01:07:09,715
This is the only way to
win the war in Vietnam.
1325
01:07:09,818 --> 01:07:13,546
A choice made for us nearly
200 years ago by our founding
1326
01:07:13,650 --> 01:07:19,242
fathers is now up for review
in Vietnam and everywhere else,
1327
01:07:19,380 --> 01:07:21,692
in the Mekong Delta
and in the halls
1328
01:07:21,761 --> 01:07:24,902
of the Congress of the
United States of America.
1329
01:07:25,006 --> 01:07:26,904
There are over 3
million Americans who
1330
01:07:27,043 --> 01:07:29,493
had been and fought in Vietnam.
1331
01:07:29,597 --> 01:07:32,427
We have seen
communism in action.
1332
01:07:32,565 --> 01:07:36,535
We have seen what might be
termed relevant communism.
1333
01:07:36,604 --> 01:07:40,401
We have seen Marx and Lenin
taken off the library shelf
1334
01:07:40,504 --> 01:07:43,162
and put on the
backs of the people.
1335
01:07:43,266 --> 01:07:46,441
We will never
surrender to communism
1336
01:07:46,545 --> 01:07:48,926
because we know what it is.
1337
01:07:49,030 --> 01:07:52,827
There will be no Viet Cong in
the United States of America.
1338
01:07:52,930 --> 01:07:54,380
We will fight.
1339
01:07:54,449 --> 01:07:57,211
We know that there is a
possibility that we may not
1340
01:07:57,280 --> 01:08:00,904
triumph, but it is not
inevitable that the enemy
1341
01:08:01,007 --> 01:08:04,425
triumph if he is opposed.
1342
01:08:04,528 --> 01:08:08,187
There is no fate that must
fall on them however they act.
1343
01:08:08,291 --> 01:08:11,052
There is, however,
a fate that falls
1344
01:08:11,121 --> 01:08:14,435
on men if they refuse that.
1345
01:08:14,538 --> 01:08:16,057
We should win in Vietnam.
1346
01:08:16,126 --> 01:08:18,197
We can win in Vietnam.
1347
01:08:18,301 --> 01:08:21,890
We must help to extend
freedom, not allow
1348
01:08:21,959 --> 01:08:25,584
it to be foreclosed on us.
1349
01:08:25,653 --> 01:08:29,208
This is a challenge that
our generation faces.
1350
01:08:29,312 --> 01:08:31,486
This must be our goal.
1351
01:08:31,590 --> 01:08:33,557
Certainly, we could
not stand by idly
1352
01:08:33,661 --> 01:08:36,284
and see the communists
grab off chunks
1353
01:08:36,388 --> 01:08:40,978
of the free world at will,
some place we had to stop him.
1354
01:08:41,082 --> 01:08:43,981
And when we decided
to go into Vietnam,
1355
01:08:44,085 --> 01:08:46,984
we should have decided to
go in with a determination
1356
01:08:47,088 --> 01:08:49,677
to win that war and to win
it with the might of America,
1357
01:08:49,815 --> 01:08:54,682
mostly air and Naval power, and
we had the capacity to do so.
1358
01:08:54,820 --> 01:09:00,481
Now in Vietnam, I feel in
this second test of arms,
1359
01:09:00,584 --> 01:09:03,173
having learned a
lesson in Korea,
1360
01:09:03,277 --> 01:09:05,762
if I had had the
decision to make,
1361
01:09:05,865 --> 01:09:07,936
I would have closed
the port of Haiphong.
1362
01:09:08,040 --> 01:09:10,663
I would have not permitted
the paraphernalia of war
1363
01:09:10,767 --> 01:09:14,357
from friend and foe alike
to be delivered to that port
1364
01:09:14,495 --> 01:09:16,462
to kill our men eventually.
1365
01:09:16,531 --> 01:09:18,499
I would have attacked
with air every
1366
01:09:18,602 --> 01:09:21,018
remunerative military target.
1367
01:09:21,122 --> 01:09:22,917
in North Vietnam.
1368
01:09:23,020 --> 01:09:24,436
I would knock out
their railroads,
1369
01:09:24,539 --> 01:09:28,094
and inundated their rice fields,
and taken their dams out.
1370
01:09:28,198 --> 01:09:31,822
And I have found that
when the communists come
1371
01:09:31,891 --> 01:09:35,032
to the conclusion that they
cannot win on the field
1372
01:09:35,171 --> 01:09:37,518
of battle what they
set out to get, they
1373
01:09:37,621 --> 01:09:39,140
run to the conference table.
1374
01:09:39,209 --> 01:09:41,694
It is an extension
of the war with them.
1375
01:09:41,798 --> 01:09:44,973
It should be obvious by now
that the predicament we're in
1376
01:09:45,042 --> 01:09:47,735
is not the fault
of the military.
1377
01:09:47,838 --> 01:09:50,393
We should have stopped
the Reds in Berlin,
1378
01:09:50,496 --> 01:09:52,636
we should have kept
them out of Cuba,
1379
01:09:52,740 --> 01:09:55,294
we should have won
the war in Korea,
1380
01:09:55,398 --> 01:09:58,332
but we didn't, so let's not
blame the men in uniform
1381
01:09:58,401 --> 01:10:00,851
for our political mistake.
1382
01:10:00,920 --> 01:10:03,371
Maybe we should listen
to them in time of war,
1383
01:10:03,475 --> 01:10:05,822
and this certainly is war.
1384
01:10:05,925 --> 01:10:09,688
They say there's no
substitute for victory.
1385
01:10:09,757 --> 01:10:13,105
Maybe we should also remember
the words of Winston Churchill,
1386
01:10:13,243 --> 01:10:17,868
after Chamberlain's appeasement
negotiations in Munich in 1939.
1387
01:10:17,937 --> 01:10:22,494
Quote, "The government had to
choose between shame and war.
1388
01:10:22,597 --> 01:10:26,670
They chose shame and
they'll get war, unquote."
1389
01:10:26,739 --> 01:10:28,500
They got war.
1390
01:10:28,603 --> 01:10:30,743
Now, let's take a
look at our country.
1391
01:10:30,847 --> 01:10:34,057
Today, in the newspapers,
on radio, on TV,
1392
01:10:34,126 --> 01:10:40,028
we read, hear, and see riots
on campuses and street corners.
1393
01:10:40,097 --> 01:10:41,789
Crime is at all time high.
1394
01:10:41,892 --> 01:10:46,207
We read about our American
flag being hauled down by mobs,
1395
01:10:46,276 --> 01:10:48,692
burned and stomped
into the ground.
1396
01:10:48,796 --> 01:10:50,522
We hear the names
of these same mob
1397
01:10:50,625 --> 01:10:53,801
leaders over and over
from city to city.
1398
01:10:53,939 --> 01:10:56,044
They wave the flag
of the communist Viet
1399
01:10:56,148 --> 01:11:00,463
Cong, the flag of the enemy
that we're fighting in Vietnam.
1400
01:11:00,601 --> 01:11:03,259
The enemy that kills
our boys from ambush
1401
01:11:03,362 --> 01:11:07,297
and fades away into
political sanctuary.
1402
01:11:07,435 --> 01:11:09,161
And at the same time
here in America,
1403
01:11:09,265 --> 01:11:12,716
the commies are allowed to
teach in our schools, parade
1404
01:11:12,820 --> 01:11:15,409
through our streets
and our capital
1405
01:11:15,478 --> 01:11:19,275
while those in high position
choose to remain silent.
1406
01:11:19,378 --> 01:11:21,069
With all these
problems, I wonder
1407
01:11:21,173 --> 01:11:25,833
what would happen in America if
we all chose to remain silent.
1408
01:11:25,971 --> 01:11:29,250
Would crime come to a halt
without preventative measures?
1409
01:11:29,354 --> 01:11:32,805
Would the communist underground
movement to take over America
1410
01:11:32,943 --> 01:11:34,186
cease?
1411
01:11:34,324 --> 01:11:37,051
Would the communists leave
the free nations of the world
1412
01:11:37,154 --> 01:11:38,949
alone without our help?
1413
01:11:39,018 --> 01:11:42,228
Will they pull back across
the 17th parallel in Vietnam
1414
01:11:42,332 --> 01:11:45,473
if we withdraw our troops?
1415
01:11:45,577 --> 01:11:47,510
The answer is no.
1416
01:11:47,613 --> 01:11:51,341
Mr. Lincoln was right when
he said that to remain silent
1417
01:11:51,479 --> 01:11:53,826
makes cowards of men.
1418
01:11:53,930 --> 01:11:56,242
I plead with each
of you to reflect
1419
01:11:56,346 --> 01:11:59,280
on these facts of history.
1420
01:11:59,349 --> 01:12:03,042
Then I'd like to
speak for myself.
1421
01:12:03,180 --> 01:12:06,011
I believe we must vote
out of office, regardless
1422
01:12:06,114 --> 01:12:11,050
of political party, those
politicians who seek to appease
1423
01:12:11,188 --> 01:12:14,709
tyranny and promote anarchy,
and to vote for men who are
1424
01:12:14,847 --> 01:12:18,195
responsible and who will put
the welfare of our country
1425
01:12:18,299 --> 01:12:21,026
above their own
political ambitions.
1426
01:12:21,129 --> 01:12:24,547
We must stop communist
rioting inside America.
1427
01:12:24,650 --> 01:12:27,895
We must enforce the laws
that make crime illegal.
1428
01:12:28,033 --> 01:12:31,277
And if there should be
another 17th parallel,
1429
01:12:31,381 --> 01:12:32,969
we should not plead
with the communists
1430
01:12:33,072 --> 01:12:37,214
to get back, but warn
them, and do it only once.
1431
01:12:37,353 --> 01:12:39,734
To hell with world opinion.
1432
01:12:39,872 --> 01:12:42,668
We must speak up
and take a stand,
1433
01:12:42,737 --> 01:12:44,912
only then will this great
nation of ours survive.
1434
01:12:45,015 --> 01:12:48,778
[MUSIC - "BALLAD OF THE GREEN
BERETS"]118385
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