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it's 1936 and Europe is in the grip
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about of hit an emerging dictator who
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will soon have the world at war
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in the UK the royal family is also in
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turmoil the King Edward the Apes is in
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love with a married woman and it said
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he's sympathetic to the Nazi cause
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[Music]
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his brother the Duke of York will soon
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inherit the throne and a nation in
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crisis but he has little ambition and a
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stutter which made speaking in public
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terrifying I had the greatest pleasure
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in in declaring it open can the Duke
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conquer his demons and overcome his
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timidity to take on the Third Reich as
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Britain's wartime king for the second
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time in the lives of most of us we are
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at war
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[Music]
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you
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the exhibition is an empire
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I'm to take you
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the man who was soon to become King
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George the six had a problem which was
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worrying his advisers
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I'm the Commonwealth of Nations they
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called it the King's Speech I have the
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greatest burger and because he startled
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by that you carry open a result of a
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hidden childhood trauma which meant the
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pre-war battle of rhetoric has been won
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by millions flocked to see him and radio
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and newsreel footage carried his
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messages of hate around the word
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the power of speech had become a vital
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part of the propaganda war George could
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not compete but his thermo
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could be tamed by this man Lionel Logue
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an unorthodox Australian speech
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therapist Logue took George under his
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wing and subjected him to a tough regime
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of intensive vocal therapy they've had a
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very good show here tonight and I thank
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you all very much
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and that was your good night few knew
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about it at the time it was a well-kept
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secret but 90 years later loges efforts
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were revealed in the hit movie The
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King's Speech which won four Oscars and
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many other awards the fundamentals of
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Lionel's technique was no matter who you
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are from what station of life because he
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was also working because World War one
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returned soldiers with what we would now
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call post-traumatic distress syndrome
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optically that generation of men in 1937
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and the obstacles and their suspicions
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of therapy and maybe the suspicious of
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all psychology really Lionel Logue died
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in 1952 that left behind a legacy his
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transformation of a stuttering George
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into a regal King possibly the most
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startling piece of evidence which Loeb
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died a year after the king but his
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Diaries helped his grandson write a book
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about the relationship it was his
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grandfather's own words that helped
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colin firth learn about the nature of
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the Kings stammer
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he says contracts teeth and mouth and
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mechanically closes throat gets chin
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down and closes throat at times and so
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you know an extraordinary habit of
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clipping small words and in on and of
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saying the first syllable of one word in
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the last of another so this all helped
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informed in very useful yeah the real
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George the Saints never expected to be
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giving speeches as King that is his
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elder brother Scott I have determined to
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announce the firm to which I succeeded
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on the death of my father
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and I am now communicating this my final
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and irrevocable decision
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when Edward quit his throne to be with a
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woman he loved her America's Wallis
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Simpson George was suddenly thrust into
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the harsh glare of the Royal Knight no
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one was less suited to be a monic than
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the then Duke of York his brother had
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previously captured their headlines a
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dashing figure
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while George led a relatively quiet
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preparing to spend his time at a modest
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London home with his young daughters
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when he did have to appear in public he
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relied heavily on his wife Elizabeth no
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way
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was he classic King material he was born
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Albert Frederick Arthur George on the
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14th of December 1895 at Sandringham in
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Norfolk a huge estate that had been a
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royal retreat since 1862 it was the age
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of the Victorians his great-grandmother
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Queen Victoria would reign for another
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five years he was christened Albert but
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the family shortened this to Bertie
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a nickname that stuck with him for life
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Bertie had four brothers and assisting
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the eldest Edward being third in line to
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the throne
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they all lived in a mansion called York
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cottage where Bertie was born it became
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their prison controlled by their father
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who would become king george v on the
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death of his father edward the sentence
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he treated his five sons like lower
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ranking naval officers and was obsessed
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with discipline punctuality and
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obedience at the age of 13 Bertie who
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had developed a stutter because of his
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father's abuse was sent to Naval College
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it turned out to be the making of him he
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was put under the care of the school dr.
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Louie Gregg a former captain of the
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Scottish rugby team Greg was physically
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imposing and tough but unlike the king
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he did not bully Bertie for 20 years
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Greg guided Bertie through life
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after college they both joined the Navy
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and fought alongside each other in the
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Great War
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this is rare footage of the Battle of
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Jutland the only significant naval
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battle of the war between Britain and
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Germany the result was inconclusive
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Bertie was in the thick of the action
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manning a gun turret after the war bird
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he turned to the air force and quickly
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qualified as a pilot but the risks
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associated with flying were too much for
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the royal family and he was persuaded to
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pursue a less dangerous life Cambridge
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University where Louie Craig continued
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to keep an eye on him Cambridge provides
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a Bertie with a golden opportunity to
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indulge his passion for sport mostly as
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a spectator but he did become a fine
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golfer
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he also played tennis at the highest
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level
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in 1926 at the age of 30 Bertie became
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the first member of Britain's royal
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family to take part at Wimbledon
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partnered by Greg he played in the first
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round of the doubles it didn't go well
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he and Lois were trout's in straight
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sets my British opponents who had
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previously won the championships
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Greg's influence on Virgil extended
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beyond the military and sport he helped
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turn the Duke into one of the world's
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most eligible bachelors the Roaring
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Twenties
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brought a huge sexual revolution women
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got the vote on both sides of the
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Atlantic
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becoming mistresses of their own destiny
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and that included overturning the
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traditional battle of the sexes once a
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year the bathing Belle take a sweet
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revenge all the other 364 days they
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spend their time parading in front of a
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lot of men to be judged for beauty or
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something now they're in the judges
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place in the beach lifeguards are being
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judged aren't they cute
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maybe take about they'd like that button
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[Music]
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the winner is a man named Ken Griffith
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they call him up and then hunt him up
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music heated things up to jazz crossed
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the pond to London and fun-loving women
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became flapper girls as they did the
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Charleston in the middle of his room was
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Bert single and fancy-free
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as was his brother the Prince of Wales
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the pair had become inseparable and
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equally outrageous they took up with a
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pair of married women and called
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themselves the for dues because they
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could do whatever they wanted this
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photograph shows the carefree casual
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side of the gang it was hard they really
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saw themselves Bertie was smitten by his
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boo
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an Australian socialite Sheila Chisholm
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but the affair was doomed his father the
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King demanded an end to it offering
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Bertie the title the Duke of York
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provided he gave up she he chose royal
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duty over love but admitted to being
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heartbroken but not for long
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within weeks another young woman had
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come into his life a member of the
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British aristocracy who would turn his
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world upside down
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[Music]
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Bertie's new girlfriend was nineteen
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year old Elizabeth bowes-lyon the ninth
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child of the Earl of Strafford a noble
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line that stretched back to the 14th
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century Elizabeth had been raised in
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gloms castle an ancient pile in the
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Scottish lowlands 1920 she moved to
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London to become part of the Royal
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Society scene she became a debutante and
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called birdies I it wasn't love at first
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sight as far as Elizabeth was concerned
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but she did become his tennis partner
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they became a regular fixture on the
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double circuit it took 32 years and two
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goes at proposing to her before she
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finally agreed to marry him she later
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told a friend that she married Bertie
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out of duty only later did she fall in
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love at their wedding in Westminster
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Abbey huge crowds gathered it was the
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first royal wedding to be turned into a
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spectacle and be substantially filmed
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previously the Royals had been married
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quietly in private channels but the
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ravages of the Great War had left
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Britain battered and depressed it was
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thought a bit of pomp would share things
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up the black-and-white newsreel doesn't
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do justice to the colorful turnout
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Bertie cut a dashing figure in his Air
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Force blue dress uniform his new wife or
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a medieval-style lace dress
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in 1923 radio was king and written but
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the BBC was prevented from relaying the
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ceremony because the then Archbishop of
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Canterbury feared it might be listened
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to in disreputable pubs and bars it was
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to be three years before the royal
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couple had their first child during that
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time birth his wife became hugely
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popular and earned herself a nickname
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the smiling Duchess the York's were a
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happy family their daughters Elizabeth
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and Margaret grew up with only minimal
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press intrusion movie newsreels were few
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and far between but all that was about
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to change the King's life we moving
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peacefully towards its glow the reign of
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George the pits
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had come to an end death has come
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peacefully to the king at 11:55
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Edward Prince of Wales was now king and
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his younger brother next in line
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[Music]
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326 days later
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unexpectedly Bertie became king he chose
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the name George rather than Albert by
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his side sat his faithful wife now Queen
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Elisabeth their daughters were now heirs
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to the throne in Europe war was on the
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cars the Hitler Youth were holding
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training and recruiting camps in Germany
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preaching intolerance and Aryan values
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Britain's King meanwhile was organizing
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very different rallying call to
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galvanize the nation's workers Bertie
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had set up summer camps to help boost
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morale and the virtues of equality
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alongside him in his newsreel footage
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his wife and daughters Princess Margaret
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and the future Queen of England
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Princess Elizabeth in Germany Hitler's
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words were also seduced in members of
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George's family in particular his
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brother Edward now known as the Duke of
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Windsor
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[Music]
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much to the annoyance of the British
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government he and while his Simpson
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visited Hitler and the Fuhrer about to
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return him to his throne if Germany
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succeeded in conquering Britain Edward
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wasn't the only one who thought Hitler
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could be a friend here in Bavaria mr.
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Chamberlain was accorded a row of tiles
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from the crown
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his listen of peace was greeted with
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enthusiasm by the people of Germany when
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I come back I hope I may be able to say
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as what's verses inhibitor forth out of
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this little danger appeasement of course
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didn't work and Britain needed neither
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one with power and influence the new
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king found himself in America at the
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White House
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charming President Franklin D Roosevelt
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recently our nation has had the pleasure
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of a visit from King George the sixth as
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a courteous recognition of the
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cordiality and the goodwill that
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prevailed between two greatly its
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significance lay in fact that friendship
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could exist between the two countries
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without fear of any an act of aggression
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by the one against the other
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Hitler was now the aggressor and the
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king and the president formed a lasting
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friendship but their joy was short-lived
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first the French failure then mr.
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Chamberlain for Britain rejected Hitler
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so-called peace offer the Kossoff is
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based on the old recipe of the Virgil
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making friends with the police after he
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got what he wanted we know now what Nazi
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promises are worth whoa
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forge a new friendship for the King
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Winston Churchill have replaced Neville
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Chamberlain as Prime Minister the fate
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of Holland and Belgium like that of
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Poland Czechoslovakia an Oscar will be
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decided by the victory of the British
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Empire and the French Republic the whole
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world is against Hitler and Hitler ISM
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Churchill became the voice of Britain
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but if anybody liked to play rough we
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can play rough too wild Churchill led
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from the front the king led by example
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by subjecting his family and the staff
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in buckingham palace to food rationing
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turning off the central heating royal
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parks were dug up and planted with much
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needed crops and the King saved water to
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no bath in the palace could have more
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than five inches of hot water
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bird he moved his daughters to the
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relative safety of Windsor Castle
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but he and his queen remained in
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Buckingham Palace to face the German
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Blitz with the rest of London it wasn't
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long before it became a target and they
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had a close call this was the effect of
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a time bomb that exploded in the grounds
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of the Kings London home it fell only a
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few feet from the palace building those
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for the Kings sitting-room the king and
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queen were in the sitting room
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with the windows open when the bomb went
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off
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had they been closed the royal couple
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would have been shredded by flying glass
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truly this is a wall of all the people
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we're all in it the attack while shaking
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the Royals proved a massive propaganda
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boost not even a direct hit on the
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palace could bring down the monarchy and
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in the Queen's words they could now look
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the East End in the eye
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which is exactly what they did the
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morning after the night before often saw
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the king queen in East London amongst
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the devastation burgees wife became more
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than just a symbol of the bravery of the
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people in the face of Hitler's own sort
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she became a champion for the women of
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Britain who she felt were often
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underrated by the war effort many of you
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have had to see your family life broken
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up your husband going off with a massive
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task
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your children are there creating the
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places to play the same thing we know
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less than men and well and vital work to
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do to us also is given the proud
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privilege of serving our country in her
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hour of need
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the hour of need also meant her husband
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wearing military uniform for almost six
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years when war broke out he vowed not to
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wear civilian clothes in public again
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until the fight was over
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Bertie relentlessly toward the battle
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lines and Garrison's to personally thank
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his men
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to show she was right behind them the
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mood of the country about its king was
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captured by the singer Farrell in who
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had become the forces sweetheart
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she sang about the day she met the king
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[Music]
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just like his majesty when Hitler
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committed suicide in his Berlin bunker
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on April the 30th 1945 the war was all
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but over a week later Bertie and his
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family were able to take to the balcony
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of buckingham palace to lead a nation's
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rejoicing 5 years ago I promised you
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blood toil tears and sweat and your
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untiring response brought us in the end
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victory over Germany
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even though it was very much Churchill's
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our the crowds who flocked to Buckingham
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Palace made it clear who they wanted
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[Music]
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the people of Britain had spent a long
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time fighting for they came to the
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country
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seven years later Bertie was dead
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at the age of 56
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a 40-year smoking habit had helped kill
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him but it was the long years of war
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that were most to blame
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his devotion to duty almost certainly
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cost him his life
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his 14 years on the throne coincided
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with the most destructive war in history
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the end of an empire which once covered
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a quarter of the Earth's surface and a
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third of its population when he was born
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there were few cars on the road man had
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yet to fly
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homes were lit by candles or gas at his
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death there were more than 4 million
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cars in Britain the world's first
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commercial jet airliner the comet was in
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service and over 20 million people would
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tune in to watch his personal legacy on
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television
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the coronation of his daughter queen
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elizabeth ii
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you
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