1 00:00:20,153 --> 00:00:23,023 New discovery. 2 00:00:23,090 --> 00:00:25,092 How far down? How many meters? 3 00:00:33,767 --> 00:00:37,004 Could... Could you hold this for me, please? 4 00:00:37,070 --> 00:00:39,406 Merci. 5 00:00:46,880 --> 00:00:49,550 Yes? 6 00:00:49,616 --> 00:00:50,817 Okay. 7 00:00:53,420 --> 00:00:55,522 Okay, thank you. I'll be careful. 8 00:00:58,158 --> 00:01:01,061 You find a hole in the ground, 9 00:01:01,094 --> 00:01:04,064 and you crawl down into that hole, 10 00:01:04,064 --> 00:01:05,632 and you're in a different world. 11 00:01:11,605 --> 00:01:12,873 Oui? 12 00:01:12,940 --> 00:01:14,808 Yeah, I'm okay, Francois. 13 00:01:14,875 --> 00:01:16,143 I'm safe. 14 00:01:17,878 --> 00:01:20,080 I'm just amazed at what's down here. 15 00:01:21,849 --> 00:01:24,218 Wow. 16 00:01:24,284 --> 00:01:27,554 American photographer and explorer Jeff Gusky 17 00:01:27,621 --> 00:01:30,991 has entered a rare window into a war most Americans 18 00:01:31,091 --> 00:01:32,092 barely remember: World War 1. 19 00:01:32,125 --> 00:01:37,231 [explosions] 20 00:01:55,382 --> 00:01:58,418 To escape the terrible carnage on the surface, 21 00:01:58,485 --> 00:02:00,420 men on both sides took refuge 22 00:02:00,487 --> 00:02:02,523 in underground shelters like this. 23 00:02:03,590 --> 00:02:05,492 And they left their mark. 24 00:02:07,127 --> 00:02:09,930 There's a name, Louis Lefevre. 25 00:02:10,063 --> 00:02:13,634 L-E-F-E-V-R-E. 26 00:02:16,069 --> 00:02:18,405 Another name by Louis Lefevre. 27 00:02:18,472 --> 00:02:20,240 Under this heart. 28 00:02:22,442 --> 00:02:24,278 It's a pregnant woman. 29 00:02:27,414 --> 00:02:31,685 Signs of humanity in a world gone mad. 30 00:02:31,752 --> 00:02:33,987 Jeff Gusky's mission is to document 31 00:02:34,087 --> 00:02:38,759 these long forgotten havens hidden beneath the surface. 32 00:02:48,402 --> 00:02:51,104 [explosions] 33 00:02:51,138 --> 00:02:53,774 In 1914, Europe, the Middle East, 34 00:02:53,841 --> 00:02:57,678 and parts of Africa are plunged into a conflict 35 00:02:57,744 --> 00:03:00,614 the likes of which the world has never seen before. 36 00:03:00,681 --> 00:03:04,284 World War I is the industrial revolution 37 00:03:04,351 --> 00:03:09,423 turned from the factory floor to the battlefield. 38 00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:13,627 It is mechanization, it is large scale destruction. 39 00:03:13,694 --> 00:03:17,598 It is high technology of its day. 40 00:03:17,664 --> 00:03:21,835 Not just a war on the ground, but also a war in the air. 41 00:03:21,902 --> 00:03:26,507 All the great powers are drawn into this killing machine. 42 00:03:26,573 --> 00:03:30,110 Germany and the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires 43 00:03:30,177 --> 00:03:32,079 battle against Britain, France, 44 00:03:32,145 --> 00:03:36,683 Russia, Italy, and ultimately, the United States. 45 00:03:36,750 --> 00:03:40,654 The fighting is the most intense along the Western front, 46 00:03:40,721 --> 00:03:44,358 a 400 mile corridor of trenches filled with 47 00:03:44,424 --> 00:03:47,661 millions of weapons and men. 48 00:03:47,728 --> 00:03:49,930 We all know the phrase of "going over the top". 49 00:03:49,997 --> 00:03:53,233 And going across no-man's land into the battlefield. 50 00:03:53,300 --> 00:03:55,135 But what most people don't realize, 51 00:03:55,202 --> 00:03:57,271 even people who study World War 1, there were 52 00:03:57,337 --> 00:04:00,807 these adjacent spaces where 1000s of soldiers 53 00:04:00,874 --> 00:04:03,510 lived for extended periods of time. 54 00:04:04,778 --> 00:04:07,848 In this parallel universe below ground, 55 00:04:07,915 --> 00:04:11,251 many of those men left evidence of who they were. 56 00:04:11,318 --> 00:04:14,254 Their own individual stories. 57 00:04:19,927 --> 00:04:21,628 In the 21st century, 58 00:04:21,695 --> 00:04:24,698 when few American are touched directly by war, 59 00:04:24,765 --> 00:04:28,669 our closest experience may be the emergency room. 60 00:04:28,735 --> 00:04:31,572 May be a gunshot wound, it may be an overdose. 61 00:04:31,638 --> 00:04:33,941 It may be a pregnancy emergency, 62 00:04:34,074 --> 00:04:35,175 a psychiatric emergency. 63 00:04:35,242 --> 00:04:36,543 We have to take care of everything. 64 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:38,679 Are you allergic to any medicines? 65 00:04:38,745 --> 00:04:40,080 No. 66 00:04:40,113 --> 00:04:43,083 Jeff Gusky's passion for a forgotten war 67 00:04:43,116 --> 00:04:45,686 grew from his work as a doctor. 68 00:04:45,752 --> 00:04:49,156 My job as an emergency physician is to save lives. 69 00:04:49,223 --> 00:04:52,459 We're on the frontlines, just like in World War 1, 70 00:04:52,526 --> 00:04:54,328 they were on the frontlines. 71 00:04:55,729 --> 00:04:59,199 In my work as a photographer and an explorer, 72 00:04:59,266 --> 00:05:02,269 I was fortunate to find places 73 00:05:02,336 --> 00:05:04,338 that had history in the raw. 74 00:05:06,306 --> 00:05:08,208 His images from underground 75 00:05:08,275 --> 00:05:10,511 have captured a view of World War 1 76 00:05:10,577 --> 00:05:12,713 few even knew existed, 77 00:05:12,779 --> 00:05:15,315 and where all sides contributed. 78 00:05:15,382 --> 00:05:17,351 When you go down in these spaces, 79 00:05:17,417 --> 00:05:19,586 and you see some of these artworks, 80 00:05:19,653 --> 00:05:21,255 particularly the very personal ones, 81 00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:23,190 you really sort of feel like the souls of these individuals 82 00:05:23,257 --> 00:05:24,658 are still here. 83 00:05:26,193 --> 00:05:29,963 For Jeff Gusky, bringing to light these long lost souls 84 00:05:30,063 --> 00:05:31,398 has become a mission, 85 00:05:31,465 --> 00:05:35,569 one he hopes will deliver an even greater reward. 86 00:05:37,638 --> 00:05:39,339 Chemin Des Dames, 87 00:05:39,406 --> 00:05:41,542 an area of Northern France. 88 00:05:41,608 --> 00:05:44,511 It means "road of the ladies." 89 00:05:44,578 --> 00:05:47,748 Jeff Gusky hopes it will lead somewhere else. 90 00:05:49,483 --> 00:05:53,253 For years, he's photographed French and German carvings. 91 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:55,222 -Hello. -Hey! 92 00:05:55,289 --> 00:05:56,590 Hello, Jeff! 93 00:05:56,657 --> 00:05:59,693 Now he's heard of an underground city nearby 94 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:02,596 that once housed 1000s of American troops. 95 00:06:02,663 --> 00:06:05,666 They fought here in the last year of the war 96 00:06:05,732 --> 00:06:09,069 in trenches now largely vanished. 97 00:06:09,136 --> 00:06:11,338 Some friends of mine told me about this place 98 00:06:11,405 --> 00:06:13,707 and they knew the farmer. 99 00:06:13,774 --> 00:06:16,310 Are you excited about this opportunity? 100 00:06:16,376 --> 00:06:17,778 A little bit, yeah. 101 00:06:17,845 --> 00:06:21,615 Jeff's friends belong to Soissonnais 14-18, 102 00:06:21,682 --> 00:06:24,351 an association working with local landowners 103 00:06:24,418 --> 00:06:28,055 to preserve and protect the remains of World War 1. 104 00:06:28,121 --> 00:06:31,058 One of them tells him about a hidden world 105 00:06:31,058 --> 00:06:33,493 beneath Francois Aubry's farm. 106 00:06:42,069 --> 00:06:43,136 Wow. 107 00:06:45,572 --> 00:06:46,940 They fought here. 108 00:06:58,785 --> 00:07:00,020 Wow. 109 00:07:00,053 --> 00:07:02,689 As many as 500 underground sites 110 00:07:02,756 --> 00:07:06,026 lie close to this 45-mile section of the western front, 111 00:07:06,059 --> 00:07:09,563 crossing the Chemin Des Dames plateau. 112 00:07:09,630 --> 00:07:12,933 Both sides use them as troop quarters. 113 00:07:13,033 --> 00:07:17,204 In April, 1917, the trenches here see some 114 00:07:17,271 --> 00:07:19,072 of the heaviest fighting. 115 00:07:19,139 --> 00:07:22,910 A massive French offensive fails to break the German lines. 116 00:07:26,914 --> 00:07:29,349 But for Jeff Gusky, this is more than just 117 00:07:29,416 --> 00:07:31,952 another underground site. 118 00:07:32,052 --> 00:07:35,222 He hopes American soldiers left a vivid record 119 00:07:35,289 --> 00:07:36,757 of their presence here. 120 00:07:39,760 --> 00:07:42,863 And before me was an underground city. 121 00:07:45,666 --> 00:07:47,134 This place is huge. 122 00:07:50,504 --> 00:07:53,574 Just seems to go on and on and on. 123 00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:56,076 Oh my gosh, look. 124 00:07:56,143 --> 00:07:58,612 Here's a dog. 125 00:07:58,679 --> 00:07:59,847 Man's best friend. 126 00:08:02,015 --> 00:08:05,552 What Jeff is entering is a centuries old quarry, 127 00:08:05,619 --> 00:08:07,621 a source of limestone for building 128 00:08:07,688 --> 00:08:10,557 dating back perhaps to the middle ages. 129 00:08:10,624 --> 00:08:13,727 All these strokes are made by hand 130 00:08:13,794 --> 00:08:16,496 as quarrymen were taking blocks of stone 131 00:08:16,563 --> 00:08:21,034 out of these underground mines for castles and cathedrals. 132 00:08:21,034 --> 00:08:24,638 Wow, this is the eyepiece of a French gasmask 133 00:08:24,705 --> 00:08:26,640 just laying here. 134 00:08:26,707 --> 00:08:29,543 French soldier looked through these eyepieces 135 00:08:29,610 --> 00:08:31,845 to protect their face from gas. 136 00:08:31,912 --> 00:08:34,948 I wonder if these helped to save a life. 137 00:08:37,317 --> 00:08:38,886 That soldier may have been part 138 00:08:38,952 --> 00:08:42,289 of the second French attack in late 1917. 139 00:08:42,356 --> 00:08:45,192 They had finally driven the Germans out of the quarry 140 00:08:45,259 --> 00:08:48,061 they've occupied since the early days of the war 141 00:08:48,095 --> 00:08:52,232 and where they, too, left behind their mark. 142 00:08:52,299 --> 00:08:55,769 Germans were very organized in the way they marked 143 00:08:55,836 --> 00:08:57,971 different sectors. 144 00:08:58,071 --> 00:09:00,507 And they just left everything in place, 145 00:09:00,574 --> 00:09:04,645 so... all around you, you see objects of daily life. 146 00:09:04,711 --> 00:09:08,282 You find food cans and tobacco pouches 147 00:09:08,348 --> 00:09:10,651 and clocks and pots and pans. 148 00:09:10,717 --> 00:09:15,022 And you find shells. 149 00:09:15,055 --> 00:09:17,024 Fortunately, this is not live. 150 00:09:19,760 --> 00:09:23,130 Over several hours, Jeff Gusky finds 151 00:09:23,197 --> 00:09:25,365 plenty of images, too. 152 00:09:25,432 --> 00:09:28,869 But none obviously American. 153 00:09:28,936 --> 00:09:32,272 Beginning to wonder if the story is false, 154 00:09:32,339 --> 00:09:35,175 he enters a new gallery. 155 00:09:35,242 --> 00:09:37,377 The walls are blank. 156 00:09:37,444 --> 00:09:38,912 But then... 157 00:09:39,046 --> 00:09:43,317 Oh, wow. This is huge. 158 00:09:43,383 --> 00:09:45,619 This is amazing. 159 00:09:45,686 --> 00:09:48,188 Looks like it was made yesterday. 160 00:09:48,255 --> 00:09:51,625 It's been in darkness almost 100 years. 161 00:09:53,493 --> 00:09:55,696 Mechanic A. Ardine. 162 00:09:55,762 --> 00:09:58,899 Company G, 103, U.S. Infantry. 163 00:09:58,966 --> 00:10:01,869 South Brewer, Maine. I never heard of that town. 164 00:10:03,403 --> 00:10:05,839 Not only German, then French, 165 00:10:05,906 --> 00:10:07,741 but American soldiers, too, 166 00:10:07,808 --> 00:10:10,310 made this their temporary home. 167 00:10:10,377 --> 00:10:14,748 E. J. Laskey. Manchester, New Hampshire. 168 00:10:14,815 --> 00:10:17,684 This guy is from Boston, Massachusetts. 169 00:10:17,751 --> 00:10:19,686 Elvin R. Dickerson. 170 00:10:19,753 --> 00:10:21,788 So... or Nickerson. 171 00:10:21,855 --> 00:10:26,159 Looks like hundred and hundreds of Americans were here. 172 00:10:26,226 --> 00:10:27,194 And they lived here. 173 00:10:28,962 --> 00:10:31,331 I keep seeing New England names. 174 00:10:31,398 --> 00:10:35,302 I keep seeing guys from Maine and New Hampshire, 175 00:10:35,369 --> 00:10:38,639 Vermont and Massachusetts. 176 00:10:40,274 --> 00:10:42,209 In April, 1917, 177 00:10:42,276 --> 00:10:45,612 the United States finally enters World War 1. 178 00:10:45,679 --> 00:10:48,815 Woodrow Wilson has basically campaigned 179 00:10:48,882 --> 00:10:51,518 as the president who kept us out of war. 180 00:10:51,585 --> 00:10:54,888 And then finally, in 1917, 181 00:10:54,955 --> 00:10:58,892 the Germans who are really desperate to break 182 00:10:58,959 --> 00:11:00,694 the deadlock on the western front, 183 00:11:00,761 --> 00:11:02,229 but the can't do it with their army, 184 00:11:02,296 --> 00:11:06,233 return to unrestricted submarine warfare. 185 00:11:06,300 --> 00:11:09,803 With her passenger and merchant ships under attack, 186 00:11:09,870 --> 00:11:12,873 America declares war on Germany. 187 00:11:12,940 --> 00:11:16,310 Americans knew perfectly well how bad the war was. 188 00:11:16,376 --> 00:11:19,146 And they nevertheless in April, 1917 189 00:11:19,213 --> 00:11:20,681 joined the war. 190 00:11:20,747 --> 00:11:23,750 And I think the explanation really rests 191 00:11:23,817 --> 00:11:27,087 in a lot of ways in their sense that 192 00:11:27,087 --> 00:11:30,090 civilization itself was at threat. 193 00:11:31,992 --> 00:11:34,228 In this vast underground city, 194 00:11:34,294 --> 00:11:36,496 Jeff Gusky has uncovered hundreds of images 195 00:11:36,563 --> 00:11:39,833 made by American soldiers in World War 1. 196 00:11:40,968 --> 00:11:42,769 Who were they? 197 00:11:42,836 --> 00:11:44,805 Can he find their descendants? 198 00:11:44,872 --> 00:11:48,342 And what do these intriguing symbols mean? 199 00:11:53,063 --> 00:11:56,233 Explorer Jeff Gusky arrives in New England 200 00:11:56,299 --> 00:11:59,035 on the trail of the names of American soldiers 201 00:11:59,102 --> 00:12:02,339 he's found in an underground quarry in France. 202 00:12:04,074 --> 00:12:05,642 I'm in Concord, Massachusetts heading to 203 00:12:05,709 --> 00:12:09,913 the Massachusetts National Guard archive and Armory. 204 00:12:11,781 --> 00:12:14,951 It's kind of eerie knowing that 205 00:12:15,018 --> 00:12:18,255 some of the young men whose names I photographed 206 00:12:18,321 --> 00:12:22,959 in France may have lived on this street, 207 00:12:23,026 --> 00:12:26,196 and that they were transplanted 208 00:12:26,263 --> 00:12:31,201 rather suddenly from this peaceful place 209 00:12:31,268 --> 00:12:32,936 to hell on earth. 210 00:12:35,105 --> 00:12:37,674 Morning, Len Kondratiuk. Welcome, Jeff. 211 00:12:37,741 --> 00:12:39,342 Hey, General Kondratiuk, nice to meet you. 212 00:12:39,409 --> 00:12:40,610 Lieutenant Johnson Bratten. 213 00:12:40,677 --> 00:12:42,746 Jeff Gusky has come to meet two experts 214 00:12:42,813 --> 00:12:45,682 in New England regiments from World War 1. 215 00:12:45,749 --> 00:12:47,818 This is really the first chance I've had 216 00:12:47,884 --> 00:12:50,787 to talk to anyone who knows 217 00:12:50,854 --> 00:12:53,190 about what these names mean. 218 00:12:53,256 --> 00:12:54,925 And, uh... they're guys from Maine, 219 00:12:54,991 --> 00:12:55,926 they're guys from Connecticut. 220 00:12:55,992 --> 00:13:00,030 From Massachusetts. And... 221 00:13:00,096 --> 00:13:02,232 Brigadier General Len Kondratiuk 222 00:13:02,299 --> 00:13:05,235 and Lieutenant Jonathan Bratton are historians with 223 00:13:05,302 --> 00:13:08,738 the Massachusetts and Maine National Guard. 224 00:13:08,805 --> 00:13:10,073 What part of the front was it? 225 00:13:10,140 --> 00:13:11,708 It's right in the Chemin Des Dames. 226 00:13:11,741 --> 00:13:14,711 That's where the Yankee division first went into the lines 227 00:13:14,778 --> 00:13:18,014 in February and March, 1918. 228 00:13:18,081 --> 00:13:19,216 Oh, wow. 229 00:13:19,282 --> 00:13:23,954 So this is one with about eight names on it. 230 00:13:24,020 --> 00:13:26,823 Look, the squad is commanded by Corporal Blodgitt 231 00:13:26,890 --> 00:13:28,859 from Company E, the 101st infantry, 232 00:13:28,925 --> 00:13:31,394 which was from Boston. 233 00:13:31,461 --> 00:13:34,097 What's amazing to me is the detail on this. 234 00:13:34,164 --> 00:13:36,066 Looks like to me they just listed their names 235 00:13:36,133 --> 00:13:38,535 just a few days ago as opposed to 236 00:13:38,602 --> 00:13:40,170 100 years ago. 237 00:13:40,237 --> 00:13:42,772 But they're so proud of what they do. 238 00:13:42,839 --> 00:13:44,741 Auto rifle squad, and they even have their 239 00:13:44,741 --> 00:13:48,778 Chauchat automatic rifle down here. 240 00:13:48,845 --> 00:13:50,413 I was simply blown away. I was amazed. 241 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:54,484 I had no idea that anything like this existed. 242 00:13:54,551 --> 00:13:58,221 I knew right away that it had to be the Yankee division. 243 00:13:58,288 --> 00:14:00,757 The Yankee division is the nickname that was given 244 00:14:00,824 --> 00:14:05,695 to 26 US Division which was an amalgamation of 245 00:14:05,762 --> 00:14:08,431 different national guard regiments that have existed 246 00:14:08,498 --> 00:14:11,701 for, some of them, 100s of years. 247 00:14:11,701 --> 00:14:14,538 28,000 men in all. 248 00:14:17,407 --> 00:14:22,145 Jeff Gusky has uncovered a record lost for a hundred years. 249 00:14:22,212 --> 00:14:24,981 Few photos survive of the quarries. 250 00:14:25,048 --> 00:14:28,084 And only sketchy descriptions. 251 00:14:28,151 --> 00:14:31,054 So who were these men of Yankee division 252 00:14:31,121 --> 00:14:33,723 who left behind their names? 253 00:14:33,723 --> 00:14:36,459 They had about 2000 Mainers 254 00:14:36,526 --> 00:14:38,395 who probably never left the state of Maine 255 00:14:38,462 --> 00:14:40,730 because it's a small, rural state. 256 00:14:40,764 --> 00:14:44,468 You mainly have paper mill workers, lumberjacks, 257 00:14:44,534 --> 00:14:47,137 fishermen, potato farmers. 258 00:14:47,204 --> 00:14:49,606 What amazes me is the esprit that they had. 259 00:14:49,739 --> 00:14:51,408 These were hardy New Englanders 260 00:14:51,475 --> 00:14:53,176 from the woods of Maine and New Hampshire. 261 00:14:53,243 --> 00:14:56,913 And the clerks and mechanics of the Boston area. 262 00:14:56,980 --> 00:15:01,084 Soon, they'd be inscribing words on a French quarry wall 263 00:15:01,151 --> 00:15:03,887 to keep alive memories of home. 264 00:15:03,954 --> 00:15:05,922 So you'll see underground 265 00:15:05,989 --> 00:15:08,225 in big bold letters 266 00:15:08,291 --> 00:15:10,694 "Red Socks seven, Yanks four." 267 00:15:10,694 --> 00:15:13,730 1918 was the last year they won the series. 268 00:15:13,797 --> 00:15:15,132 Yes. 269 00:15:15,198 --> 00:15:17,701 And they're obviously very proud of it. 270 00:15:17,701 --> 00:15:22,139 Nearby, another New England soldier carves a self-portait. 271 00:15:23,573 --> 00:15:26,943 At a third site, a German carves a striking image 272 00:15:27,010 --> 00:15:30,113 of Field Marshall Hindenburg. 273 00:15:30,180 --> 00:15:32,249 When one side took over a space from another side, 274 00:15:32,315 --> 00:15:34,317 they didn't destroy what they saw there. 275 00:15:34,384 --> 00:15:36,753 All of the soldiers, whatever side they were on 276 00:15:36,820 --> 00:15:40,257 recognized that the carvings that an individual made 277 00:15:40,323 --> 00:15:45,262 had meaning and they sort of left those things there. 278 00:15:45,328 --> 00:15:47,397 The American's French allies 279 00:15:47,464 --> 00:15:49,266 who've lived in the quarries for years 280 00:15:49,332 --> 00:15:53,170 produced some of the most profound and elaborate artwork. 281 00:15:53,236 --> 00:15:57,340 Like a ship named Liberty sinking beneath the waves. 282 00:15:57,407 --> 00:16:00,577 It really does represent the idea that 283 00:16:00,677 --> 00:16:03,413 the first world war really was a great disaster. 284 00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:05,682 Not only in terms of loss of life, 285 00:16:05,682 --> 00:16:08,418 but also just profoundly changing how the world 286 00:16:08,485 --> 00:16:10,954 looked at itself and how we interacted with one another. 287 00:16:12,689 --> 00:16:16,693 As a bulwark against such an apocalyptic vision, 288 00:16:16,760 --> 00:16:20,297 another quarry contains a delicately carved altar 289 00:16:20,363 --> 00:16:24,134 whose inscription reads "God protect France." 290 00:16:24,201 --> 00:16:27,137 And just adjacent to it are a series of steps. 291 00:16:27,204 --> 00:16:28,905 which take you up to the trenches 292 00:16:28,972 --> 00:16:31,208 and take you out to the battlefield 293 00:16:31,274 --> 00:16:32,609 and you know those soldiers 294 00:16:32,709 --> 00:16:34,911 would pass by that religious altar 295 00:16:34,978 --> 00:16:36,580 walking up those steps, 296 00:16:36,713 --> 00:16:39,549 knowing what they're about to face. 297 00:16:39,616 --> 00:16:43,286 Similar fears surely drove the Americans of Yankee division, 298 00:16:43,353 --> 00:16:47,724 whose names Jeff Gusky has most recently photographed. 299 00:16:47,724 --> 00:16:49,726 I'd love to know if there are relatives that are still alive. 300 00:16:49,759 --> 00:16:52,529 I'd love to know about who these guys were. 301 00:16:52,662 --> 00:16:55,098 You know, you get a sense of their personality 302 00:16:55,165 --> 00:16:58,301 from their carvings. 303 00:16:58,368 --> 00:17:00,537 Whether through names or symbols, 304 00:17:00,670 --> 00:17:03,807 Jeff Gusky is counting on these historians 305 00:17:03,874 --> 00:17:06,176 to help him reach a much higher goal: 306 00:17:06,243 --> 00:17:08,879 to connect these ghostly names 307 00:17:08,945 --> 00:17:10,847 to living descendants. 308 00:17:10,914 --> 00:17:13,984 I can go through and start looking up the names. 309 00:17:14,050 --> 00:17:17,554 Thank you, that would be fantastic. 310 00:17:17,687 --> 00:17:20,157 Company, move out. 311 00:17:20,223 --> 00:17:22,425 At the time that the United States enters the war, 312 00:17:22,492 --> 00:17:26,229 there are about 120,000 soldiers in the Army. 313 00:17:26,296 --> 00:17:29,399 It is, I think the 16th largest army in the world. 314 00:17:29,466 --> 00:17:33,170 It's not an enormous force. 315 00:17:33,236 --> 00:17:35,539 In fact, many believe the United States 316 00:17:35,605 --> 00:17:40,477 will fail to raise an army of significant size. 317 00:17:40,544 --> 00:17:43,079 Part of the reason that Americans surprise everyone 318 00:17:43,146 --> 00:17:45,282 so quickly is that the level of 319 00:17:45,348 --> 00:17:49,186 volunteering is really remarkable. 320 00:17:49,252 --> 00:17:52,122 The number of people who volunteer to join forces 321 00:17:52,189 --> 00:17:55,158 like the Yankee division really sort of 322 00:17:55,225 --> 00:17:58,662 brings the numbers of soldiers through the roof. 323 00:17:58,728 --> 00:18:02,098 Within a year, 2 million American troops 324 00:18:02,165 --> 00:18:03,900 will deploy overseas, 325 00:18:03,967 --> 00:18:06,069 to fight on the western front. 326 00:18:08,772 --> 00:18:12,108 We have a 139,000 cards down here. 327 00:18:12,175 --> 00:18:14,444 So sometimes it takes a few minutes and many 328 00:18:14,511 --> 00:18:16,246 of the soldiers have the same names. 329 00:18:16,313 --> 00:18:18,982 And oftentimes there will be the next of kin 330 00:18:19,049 --> 00:18:22,152 on the back of the card, which will give us a lead. 331 00:18:22,219 --> 00:18:24,488 Arthur Blodgitt. 332 00:18:24,554 --> 00:18:26,089 Okay, I got it. 333 00:18:26,156 --> 00:18:28,492 That's him. 334 00:18:30,093 --> 00:18:32,562 Len Kondratiuk quickly tracks down 335 00:18:32,696 --> 00:18:33,897 Corporal Blodgitt, 336 00:18:33,964 --> 00:18:37,701 the squad leader at one of Jeff Gusky's photos. 337 00:18:37,701 --> 00:18:41,071 Another squad member, 19-year-old Harold Lombard, 338 00:18:41,138 --> 00:18:42,472 soon follows. 339 00:18:45,976 --> 00:18:49,746 Jonathan Bratten turns up another 19 year old, 340 00:18:49,813 --> 00:18:52,716 Ralph T. Moan from East Machias, Maine, 341 00:18:52,782 --> 00:18:55,719 who wrote a diary about the war. 342 00:18:55,785 --> 00:18:57,754 Which is an absolutely incredible find, 343 00:18:57,821 --> 00:19:01,258 especially timed with having just found out 344 00:19:01,324 --> 00:19:03,393 that he left his carving in France. 345 00:19:03,460 --> 00:19:06,429 An early entry describes running the gauntlet 346 00:19:06,496 --> 00:19:08,732 of German U-boats in the Atlantic. 347 00:19:08,799 --> 00:19:11,134 "We are now in the danger zones. 348 00:19:11,201 --> 00:19:13,370 The destroyers were continually..." 349 00:19:13,436 --> 00:19:15,472 ...on the lookout for submarines. 350 00:19:15,539 --> 00:19:16,773 We'd been out of land for two days now 351 00:19:16,840 --> 00:19:18,842 but on the tenth day, sighted England. 352 00:19:18,909 --> 00:19:20,577 and at 7:00 P.M...." 353 00:19:20,677 --> 00:19:22,779 Moan goes on to describe Yankee Divisions 354 00:19:22,846 --> 00:19:24,581 time in the French quarry, 355 00:19:24,681 --> 00:19:27,751 including a catastrophic event there. 356 00:19:29,419 --> 00:19:33,523 Then Jonathan Bratten makes another discovery. 357 00:19:33,590 --> 00:19:36,960 Corporal George Currier who enlisted in Bangor, Maine 358 00:19:37,027 --> 00:19:42,098 has a son Jim who's alive and knows his father's story. 359 00:19:42,165 --> 00:19:44,401 When he was young, he was a teamster. 360 00:19:44,468 --> 00:19:47,170 He worked in the woods and had a team of four horses 361 00:19:47,237 --> 00:19:49,806 and hauled wood... lumber out of the woods. 362 00:19:49,873 --> 00:19:52,809 Then when he was 16, he went into the national guard 363 00:19:52,876 --> 00:19:54,744 probably with some friends. 364 00:19:54,811 --> 00:19:57,047 He went to fight Pancho Villa down 365 00:19:57,113 --> 00:19:58,849 at the Mexican border. 366 00:20:01,885 --> 00:20:05,055 Keeping a Mexican revolutionary at bay is child's play 367 00:20:05,121 --> 00:20:09,459 compared to what awaits Yankee division in France. 368 00:20:09,526 --> 00:20:12,195 Three years fighting on the western front 369 00:20:12,262 --> 00:20:14,664 has produced a bloody stalemate. 370 00:20:14,731 --> 00:20:17,767 Neither side has advanced more than a few miles, 371 00:20:17,834 --> 00:20:20,670 and at a cost of millions of lives. 372 00:20:20,737 --> 00:20:21,905 [gunfire] 373 00:20:21,972 --> 00:20:24,341 Now the Germans are poised 374 00:20:24,407 --> 00:20:26,943 to make a desperate gamble for victory. 375 00:20:27,010 --> 00:20:29,513 [explosions] 376 00:20:33,784 --> 00:20:35,686 Chemin Des Dames. 377 00:20:35,752 --> 00:20:38,789 Quiet now, but a hundred years ago, 378 00:20:38,855 --> 00:20:42,459 deadly sector of the western front. 379 00:20:42,526 --> 00:20:46,897 Explorer Jeff Gusky is back, this time with expert support. 380 00:20:50,267 --> 00:20:52,703 Military Historians Len Kondratiuk 381 00:20:52,769 --> 00:20:56,473 and Jonathan Bratten have come to see for themselves 382 00:20:56,540 --> 00:21:01,445 the underground city occupied by Yankee division. 383 00:21:01,511 --> 00:21:04,448 Composed entirely of regiments from New England, 384 00:21:04,514 --> 00:21:07,451 they're among the first American divisions to arrive 385 00:21:07,517 --> 00:21:11,621 on the western front in early February, 1918. 386 00:21:11,688 --> 00:21:14,524 They're there at a very critical time 387 00:21:14,591 --> 00:21:17,594 that most American units are going to miss 388 00:21:17,661 --> 00:21:23,500 because the Germans are planning their great Spring Offensive. 389 00:21:23,567 --> 00:21:26,970 They've reached a settlement with Soviet Russia, 390 00:21:27,037 --> 00:21:29,339 which has just gone through the Russian revolution. 391 00:21:29,406 --> 00:21:32,476 The war on the eastern front is over, right? 392 00:21:32,542 --> 00:21:35,312 So it means that the Germans can now concentrate 393 00:21:35,379 --> 00:21:37,948 all of their forces on the western front. 394 00:21:38,015 --> 00:21:41,084 Over half a million of them will soon arrive 395 00:21:41,151 --> 00:21:43,453 to confront the Americans who barely completed 396 00:21:43,520 --> 00:21:46,657 their training in the techniques of trench warfare. 397 00:21:49,893 --> 00:21:51,895 In the hidden world of World War 1, 398 00:21:51,928 --> 00:21:53,130 it's totally raw. 399 00:21:53,196 --> 00:21:56,266 It's untouched. It's unfiltered. 400 00:21:56,333 --> 00:22:00,170 You get to experience a completely authentic 401 00:22:00,237 --> 00:22:02,372 original moment in your life. 402 00:22:03,974 --> 00:22:06,510 With only flashlights to guide them, 403 00:22:06,576 --> 00:22:09,446 it takes a while to get their bearings. 404 00:22:09,513 --> 00:22:11,348 Okay, please be careful. 405 00:22:11,415 --> 00:22:14,318 This ground is loaded with dangerous objects. 406 00:22:15,919 --> 00:22:19,423 But then, a first trace of Yankee division. 407 00:22:20,290 --> 00:22:22,125 Oh my God. 408 00:22:22,192 --> 00:22:23,627 That almost looks like a rifle. 409 00:22:23,694 --> 00:22:25,529 That is a rifle, a 1903 Springfield rifle. 410 00:22:25,595 --> 00:22:26,830 -It is. -For K company. 411 00:22:26,930 --> 00:22:29,866 Second Maine, perhaps, with the 2. 412 00:22:29,900 --> 00:22:31,168 -Yeah. -Yeah. 413 00:22:31,234 --> 00:22:32,769 -Holy cow. -Cool. 414 00:22:32,869 --> 00:22:34,638 And that's the insignia they wore on their uniform. 415 00:22:34,705 --> 00:22:35,872 Right. 416 00:22:35,939 --> 00:22:38,375 While they were here, it was on their uniform. 417 00:22:38,442 --> 00:22:40,777 And then here's more. 418 00:22:40,877 --> 00:22:43,480 Jeff leads them to a familiar name. 419 00:22:43,547 --> 00:22:44,881 Oh my God, this is... 420 00:22:44,915 --> 00:22:46,516 Mechanic T. Moan. There's Ralph Moan. 421 00:22:46,583 --> 00:22:48,785 That's Ralph Moan. 422 00:22:48,885 --> 00:22:52,522 When you read about somebody then you suddenly see 423 00:22:52,589 --> 00:22:55,225 this very spot where they were, 424 00:22:55,292 --> 00:22:56,460 because these guys were all buddies. 425 00:22:56,526 --> 00:22:58,061 He talks about them in his diary. 426 00:22:58,128 --> 00:23:01,498 They formed a singing quartet. Ralph Moan was a baritone. 427 00:23:01,565 --> 00:23:04,034 But Ralph Moan and his buddies 428 00:23:04,101 --> 00:23:07,771 were apprehensive entering these strange new quarters. 429 00:23:07,904 --> 00:23:10,707 About three miles near the first line... 430 00:23:27,257 --> 00:23:28,792 Let's go back this way. 431 00:23:30,994 --> 00:23:32,029 Take a look at this. 432 00:23:32,095 --> 00:23:34,264 Wow. 433 00:23:34,331 --> 00:23:35,699 There's a skull and crossbones. 434 00:23:35,766 --> 00:23:37,134 -You see that? -Yeah. 435 00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:38,935 Death Avenue. 436 00:23:40,070 --> 00:23:42,372 It's an ominous sign. 437 00:23:42,439 --> 00:23:46,977 Jonathan Bratten recalls a passage in Moan's account. 438 00:23:47,044 --> 00:23:48,679 When they first got here, they were told 439 00:23:48,745 --> 00:23:50,080 not to touch anything 440 00:23:50,147 --> 00:23:51,615 because the Germans had booby-trapped 441 00:23:51,682 --> 00:23:53,183 large portions of the cave, 442 00:23:53,250 --> 00:23:56,520 but it just seemed like one of those soldier myths 443 00:23:56,586 --> 00:23:58,088 that gets passed around the army, 444 00:23:58,155 --> 00:24:02,326 and I didn't really put a lot of stock in it. 445 00:24:02,392 --> 00:24:04,761 This is a major roof collapse 446 00:24:04,895 --> 00:24:08,131 that I think could be related to Moan's story. 447 00:24:08,198 --> 00:24:10,767 1200 Frenchmen were quartered in one part of this cave, 448 00:24:10,901 --> 00:24:13,704 but they were simply wiped out for the Germans had 449 00:24:13,770 --> 00:24:15,305 the whole cave mined. 450 00:24:15,372 --> 00:24:17,341 That whole section blew to pieces so 451 00:24:17,407 --> 00:24:18,809 not a Frenchman escaped. 452 00:24:18,909 --> 00:24:22,679 We're very likely standing atop a cemetery 453 00:24:22,746 --> 00:24:24,748 that no-one knows about. 454 00:24:24,815 --> 00:24:27,351 Um... there are men under here. 455 00:24:27,417 --> 00:24:31,588 There are bodies. 456 00:24:31,655 --> 00:24:34,691 Ralph Moan sums up the grim realities of war 457 00:24:34,758 --> 00:24:37,861 he and his fellow soldiers are facing. 458 00:24:45,469 --> 00:24:47,537 I think we're getting into an area 459 00:24:47,604 --> 00:24:51,208 that is your unit, the 101st. 460 00:24:51,274 --> 00:24:53,110 Take a look at this, Len. 461 00:24:53,176 --> 00:24:56,113 -Oh, man, that's pretty cool. -Oh my gosh. 462 00:24:56,179 --> 00:24:57,347 That's a work of art. 463 00:24:57,414 --> 00:24:58,348 Do you know any of these names? 464 00:24:58,415 --> 00:24:59,516 I do. I do. 465 00:24:59,583 --> 00:25:00,884 I recognize their names 466 00:25:00,917 --> 00:25:03,086 because I actually have their military records. 467 00:25:03,153 --> 00:25:07,090 And Corporal Blodgitt is from Medford, Massachusetts. 468 00:25:07,157 --> 00:25:08,625 He is a section leader. 469 00:25:08,692 --> 00:25:11,261 His squad is made up of Irishmen and Yankees. 470 00:25:11,328 --> 00:25:13,797 It's America at its best. 471 00:25:13,897 --> 00:25:15,899 There are two Lombards, are they brothers? 472 00:25:15,932 --> 00:25:20,303 They are. Francis Lombard and Harold Lombard. 473 00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:23,473 Records show the brothers enlisted the same day, 474 00:25:23,540 --> 00:25:25,075 and survived the war, 475 00:25:25,142 --> 00:25:29,546 but Len is still trying to find out what became of them. 476 00:25:29,613 --> 00:25:31,048 And what's interesting to me is 477 00:25:31,114 --> 00:25:33,216 a picture of a Chauchat machine gun, 478 00:25:33,283 --> 00:25:35,352 and that's what they carried throughout the war. 479 00:25:35,419 --> 00:25:36,987 [gunfire] 480 00:25:37,054 --> 00:25:39,589 The United States didn't have any small machine guns. 481 00:25:39,656 --> 00:25:40,857 The French equipped the Americans with 482 00:25:40,857 --> 00:25:43,093 this Chauchat machine gun. 483 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:47,364 Guys, there's Chauchat magazines to hold the rounds 484 00:25:47,431 --> 00:25:48,865 for that very gun. 485 00:25:48,865 --> 00:25:50,867 Possibly carried by the same squad. 486 00:25:50,934 --> 00:25:52,769 Yeah. 487 00:25:52,869 --> 00:25:55,772 The squad carries another piece of equipment 488 00:25:55,872 --> 00:25:59,976 to protect them against one of the real horrors of World War 1: 489 00:26:00,043 --> 00:26:01,578 poison gas. 490 00:26:01,645 --> 00:26:04,648 No one likes a gas mask. 491 00:26:04,715 --> 00:26:08,518 It really curtails your vision, 492 00:26:08,585 --> 00:26:11,888 um, you're like... if you suffer from claustrophobia, 493 00:26:11,955 --> 00:26:14,891 it's got to be absolutely horrible. 494 00:26:14,891 --> 00:26:17,094 But they're essential. 495 00:26:20,088 --> 00:26:22,991 Especially when out in the open. 496 00:26:23,058 --> 00:26:25,360 Using a period map, Len Kondratiuk 497 00:26:25,427 --> 00:26:29,397 and Jonathan Bratten study Yankee divisions battle plan. 498 00:26:29,464 --> 00:26:31,733 ...being the front lines. 499 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:33,602 The cave being back here, 500 00:26:33,668 --> 00:26:35,670 where would you say that is, about... 501 00:26:35,737 --> 00:26:36,805 About five kilometers. 502 00:26:36,872 --> 00:26:38,173 -According to the map. -Yep. 503 00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:40,308 German artillery can still reach the cave. 504 00:26:40,375 --> 00:26:41,910 Oh, easily. 505 00:26:41,977 --> 00:26:44,779 The underground quarry lies a few miles 506 00:26:44,846 --> 00:26:46,948 behind the front line. 507 00:26:47,015 --> 00:26:49,017 Each company moves forward for a week, 508 00:26:49,084 --> 00:26:53,421 across a landscape bearing no resemblance to today. 509 00:26:53,488 --> 00:26:56,691 It has been blown to smithereens. 510 00:26:56,758 --> 00:26:59,194 It's like a moonscape. 511 00:26:59,261 --> 00:27:00,729 Trees are destroyed. 512 00:27:00,796 --> 00:27:02,931 These muddy trenches. 513 00:27:02,998 --> 00:27:05,700 A lot of the vegetation has been blasted away. 514 00:27:05,767 --> 00:27:08,637 And their problem is that 515 00:27:08,703 --> 00:27:11,139 there literally is no place to hide. 516 00:27:12,808 --> 00:27:16,044 On the surface, everything was destroyed. 517 00:27:16,111 --> 00:27:17,813 It was dehumanized. 518 00:27:17,879 --> 00:27:21,016 It was no longer hospitable to life. 519 00:27:21,082 --> 00:27:23,718 And underground, 520 00:27:23,785 --> 00:27:27,689 you find a world where you could be human. 521 00:27:29,858 --> 00:27:32,494 After a week spent on the front line, 522 00:27:32,561 --> 00:27:35,730 the quarry provides a welcome relief. 523 00:27:35,797 --> 00:27:38,867 An underground city complete with electricity, 524 00:27:38,934 --> 00:27:41,470 telephones and other facilities. 525 00:27:41,536 --> 00:27:44,739 Some of the remnants are still here. 526 00:27:44,806 --> 00:27:46,708 What is this? 527 00:27:46,775 --> 00:27:48,410 -You know what that is? -What is it? 528 00:27:48,477 --> 00:27:50,712 That's a rail car used by the narrow gauge line 529 00:27:50,712 --> 00:27:53,949 down below, that's how they would move supplies around. 530 00:27:54,015 --> 00:27:56,785 That is... yeah, that's a wheel. 531 00:27:56,852 --> 00:27:57,786 -Really? -Yeah, sure enough. 532 00:27:57,853 --> 00:27:59,988 Donkeys would pulls this. 533 00:28:00,055 --> 00:28:01,923 These were run by French soldiers 534 00:28:01,990 --> 00:28:05,727 and the Americans would feed the donkeys. 535 00:28:05,727 --> 00:28:08,230 And the donkey would stop once you fed them 536 00:28:08,296 --> 00:28:10,499 so it took the French soldiers days to figure out 537 00:28:10,565 --> 00:28:12,400 the Americans were just playing with them. 538 00:28:12,467 --> 00:28:14,636 [laughing] 539 00:28:16,138 --> 00:28:19,107 The first World War is an interesting combination of 540 00:28:19,174 --> 00:28:24,946 the most modern weapons but combined with 541 00:28:25,013 --> 00:28:27,249 ancient forms of transportation, 542 00:28:27,315 --> 00:28:30,051 like the horse, or the mule. 543 00:28:30,118 --> 00:28:35,157 For pulling artillery, carts, ambulances. 544 00:28:35,223 --> 00:28:37,425 Just to the left is a guy riding a horse. 545 00:28:37,492 --> 00:28:39,694 -He's wearing a campaign hat. -Exactly. 546 00:28:41,129 --> 00:28:44,332 Yankee division soldiers paid tribute to these animals 547 00:28:44,399 --> 00:28:45,834 in their carvings. 548 00:28:45,901 --> 00:28:49,437 This one is also going to touch your heart. 549 00:28:49,504 --> 00:28:51,473 Corporal George Louis Currier. 550 00:28:51,540 --> 00:28:54,276 Company G, 103 U.S. Infantry. 551 00:28:54,342 --> 00:28:56,545 February 14th, 1918. 552 00:28:56,611 --> 00:28:58,180 It's a cross. 553 00:28:58,246 --> 00:29:01,616 Don't we know his ancestors? His son's still live? 554 00:29:01,716 --> 00:29:03,018 Yeah. 555 00:29:03,084 --> 00:29:06,321 And he talks about his father, 556 00:29:06,388 --> 00:29:08,924 he had a horse that he was taking care of. 557 00:29:08,990 --> 00:29:12,494 And men developed a very, very, very personal connection 558 00:29:12,561 --> 00:29:14,229 with their animals. 559 00:29:14,296 --> 00:29:16,965 My dad saw that the gas was... 560 00:29:17,032 --> 00:29:18,934 they were having a gas attack, 561 00:29:19,000 --> 00:29:21,503 and his thing was to get to the horse, 562 00:29:21,570 --> 00:29:24,406 and to get that gas mask on the horse before anything. 563 00:29:24,473 --> 00:29:26,908 And he'd take care of himself afterwards. 564 00:29:26,975 --> 00:29:28,777 And I'm sure that's where he got gassed, 565 00:29:28,844 --> 00:29:30,846 it was doing that. 566 00:29:30,912 --> 00:29:34,149 Over the years, physically 567 00:29:34,216 --> 00:29:38,220 and medically he suffered for taking care of the horse 568 00:29:38,286 --> 00:29:41,990 and it shortened his lifespan in the end. 569 00:29:46,161 --> 00:29:49,297 Jeff Gusky leads his team to a section of the quarry 570 00:29:49,364 --> 00:29:53,201 that has always intrigued yet baffled him. 571 00:29:53,268 --> 00:29:55,470 There's a mystery in this place, 572 00:29:55,537 --> 00:29:57,706 I've never been able to figure it out why 573 00:29:57,706 --> 00:29:59,741 here do you have Indian carvings, 574 00:29:59,808 --> 00:30:01,710 and I think I can find some of them above, 575 00:30:01,743 --> 00:30:03,612 let's see. 576 00:30:03,712 --> 00:30:05,580 Wait here, look at this. 577 00:30:05,714 --> 00:30:07,048 It's a canoe. 578 00:30:07,115 --> 00:30:10,886 Yeah, that's your typical birch bark canoe. 579 00:30:10,952 --> 00:30:13,155 Do you have any idea why you'd have Indians here? 580 00:30:13,221 --> 00:30:15,223 What this could be a symbol of is there 581 00:30:15,290 --> 00:30:18,393 are the nine Passamaquoddy in Company I. 582 00:30:18,460 --> 00:30:20,662 And they all came from Pleasant Point, Maine 583 00:30:20,729 --> 00:30:22,330 which is where the nation exists now. 584 00:30:24,232 --> 00:30:25,167 There are, yeah. 585 00:30:26,301 --> 00:30:27,369 There were Indians in Company I. 586 00:30:29,070 --> 00:30:32,040 Initially skeptical about the story himself, 587 00:30:32,107 --> 00:30:36,077 Jonathan Bratten digs deep into the Maine military records. 588 00:30:36,144 --> 00:30:39,014 When I got down to examining the actual roster, 589 00:30:39,080 --> 00:30:42,584 lo and behold it's true, there were nine of these guys, 590 00:30:42,684 --> 00:30:46,888 including the Chief's son, Moses Neptune. 591 00:30:46,955 --> 00:30:49,491 And these guys served in Company I 592 00:30:49,558 --> 00:30:51,393 throughout the war. 593 00:30:51,460 --> 00:30:55,030 More astonishing still is that these Native Americans 594 00:30:55,096 --> 00:30:57,766 would volunteer to fight in the first place. 595 00:30:57,833 --> 00:31:01,436 When we entered World War 1 in 1917, 596 00:31:01,503 --> 00:31:04,473 Passamaquoddy's didn't have the right to vote. 597 00:31:04,539 --> 00:31:07,709 They didn't have the right to own land individually. 598 00:31:07,776 --> 00:31:10,345 A lot of rights that people take for granted. 599 00:31:10,412 --> 00:31:13,582 Citizenship to the American Indians 600 00:31:13,715 --> 00:31:19,888 in the United States didn't come about until 1924. 601 00:31:19,955 --> 00:31:23,291 For Jeff, this poses a new challenge. 602 00:31:23,358 --> 00:31:27,162 Are these carvings the work of Native Americans? 603 00:31:27,229 --> 00:31:28,730 Holy cow. 604 00:31:28,797 --> 00:31:31,867 That's a whole relief of a headdress and everything. 605 00:31:31,933 --> 00:31:34,302 That's incredible. 606 00:31:34,369 --> 00:31:37,506 But none of the carvings has a name, 607 00:31:37,572 --> 00:31:41,143 and without a name, Jeff Gusky's team has no definitive proof 608 00:31:41,209 --> 00:31:45,380 connecting the Passamaquoddy to these intriguing symbols. 609 00:31:50,385 --> 00:31:53,088 In his final days at Chemin Des Dames, 610 00:31:53,155 --> 00:31:56,391 Ralph Moan engages in a bloody night fight 611 00:31:56,458 --> 00:31:57,826 with a German patrol. 612 00:31:57,893 --> 00:31:59,361 Second platoon got wise. 613 00:31:59,427 --> 00:32:02,164 We jumped up and put hand grenades and machine guns 614 00:32:02,230 --> 00:32:03,732 to them. 615 00:32:03,799 --> 00:32:06,701 One man had his head blown off and it made a ghastly sight 616 00:32:06,701 --> 00:32:08,436 suspended in the barbed wire. 617 00:32:08,503 --> 00:32:09,738 The snipers got about... 618 00:32:09,805 --> 00:32:13,041 He ends his diary in March and says, 619 00:32:13,108 --> 00:32:15,310 "I'm going to cut this diary out right now. 620 00:32:15,377 --> 00:32:17,846 "No one wants to remember what we've been through. 621 00:32:17,913 --> 00:32:22,150 From now on, all we see is HELL." 622 00:32:22,217 --> 00:32:23,385 The "hell" is capitalized. 623 00:32:23,451 --> 00:32:25,520 It hits you right here. 624 00:32:31,026 --> 00:32:33,962 March 18th, 1918. 625 00:32:34,029 --> 00:32:36,898 Yankee division leaves the front, 626 00:32:36,965 --> 00:32:38,233 but when the German Spring Offensive 627 00:32:38,300 --> 00:32:40,435 smashes through allied lines, 628 00:32:40,502 --> 00:32:43,505 Yankee division will be called upon to fight 629 00:32:43,572 --> 00:32:45,106 a crucial battle. 630 00:32:45,173 --> 00:32:48,977 German forces are within striking distance of Paris. 631 00:32:55,834 --> 00:32:57,168 Wow. 632 00:33:04,342 --> 00:33:05,343 That's right. 633 00:33:11,382 --> 00:33:13,952 Explorer Jeff Gusky and his time discover 634 00:33:14,018 --> 00:33:16,754 an American Eagle carved by an unknown soldier 635 00:33:16,821 --> 00:33:19,057 from Yankee division. 636 00:33:19,124 --> 00:33:22,694 But in 1918, the quarry they recently occupied 637 00:33:22,760 --> 00:33:25,930 falls back into enemy hands. 638 00:33:28,366 --> 00:33:33,838 In late June, the Germans storm south as far as the Marne river. 639 00:33:33,905 --> 00:33:37,275 In the center of the hastily assembled Allied defense line, 640 00:33:37,342 --> 00:33:39,077 barring their way to Paris, 641 00:33:39,144 --> 00:33:42,514 German forces once again find Yankee division. 642 00:33:44,082 --> 00:33:47,585 They meet in a picturesque sounding place: 643 00:33:47,652 --> 00:33:49,187 Belleau Wood. 644 00:33:49,254 --> 00:33:50,922 The woods were so battle scarred 645 00:33:50,989 --> 00:33:52,690 that they could barely dig in because 646 00:33:52,757 --> 00:33:54,826 there were so many dead bodies. 647 00:33:54,893 --> 00:33:56,995 Military historians Len Kondratiuk 648 00:33:57,061 --> 00:33:59,864 and Jonathan Bratten make their way to 649 00:33:59,931 --> 00:34:01,666 Yankee division's front line, 650 00:34:01,666 --> 00:34:05,503 while Jeff Gusky meets up with historian Rob Dalessandro. 651 00:34:05,570 --> 00:34:08,440 The truth of the matter is that Yankee division 652 00:34:08,506 --> 00:34:11,276 spent thousands of lives 653 00:34:11,342 --> 00:34:13,511 casualties killed in action or wounded 654 00:34:13,578 --> 00:34:16,181 -to take this piece of ground. -Right here. 655 00:34:16,247 --> 00:34:17,882 Right here, right where we're standing. 656 00:34:17,949 --> 00:34:21,453 And this hill was almost impossible to take 657 00:34:21,519 --> 00:34:23,822 because of the effects of artillery. 658 00:34:23,888 --> 00:34:25,423 [explosions] 659 00:34:27,292 --> 00:34:29,928 So this is the devil. 660 00:34:29,994 --> 00:34:32,464 A German field artillery piece. 661 00:34:32,530 --> 00:34:35,867 And it all comes down to this little part right here. 662 00:34:35,934 --> 00:34:38,736 This is called the recoil mechanism. 663 00:34:38,803 --> 00:34:42,841 And it allows artillery to be used over and over again 664 00:34:42,907 --> 00:34:45,110 very quickly in a pin-point fashion. 665 00:34:47,045 --> 00:34:48,446 They were under fire the whole time. 666 00:34:48,513 --> 00:34:50,815 I mean, this could either be a fighting position 667 00:34:50,882 --> 00:34:53,017 or a big shell hole. 668 00:34:55,386 --> 00:34:58,289 Rob, I've seen hundreds and hundreds of American names 669 00:34:58,356 --> 00:35:02,026 in darkness on the walls of underground cities. 670 00:35:02,093 --> 00:35:04,662 Is this what drove them there? 671 00:35:04,729 --> 00:35:06,498 Exactly. 672 00:35:06,564 --> 00:35:09,234 If you're out in the open and these guns are raining down 673 00:35:09,300 --> 00:35:12,103 on you, you're finished. 674 00:35:12,170 --> 00:35:14,272 That barrel was a killer of thousands 675 00:35:14,339 --> 00:35:16,441 and thousand of soldiers. 676 00:35:16,508 --> 00:35:18,810 And artillery really reaches its primacy 677 00:35:18,877 --> 00:35:20,945 during the first world war. 678 00:35:23,481 --> 00:35:25,817 After two weeks of hard fighting, 679 00:35:25,884 --> 00:35:29,254 Yankee division and the Allied forces prevail at Bellau wood, 680 00:35:29,320 --> 00:35:31,422 and begin pushing the Germans back. 681 00:35:31,489 --> 00:35:34,392 They must have been exhausted because they advanced 682 00:35:34,459 --> 00:35:37,529 I think about nine miles during the offensive. 683 00:35:37,595 --> 00:35:40,165 15 kilometers in heaving machine gun fire. 684 00:35:40,231 --> 00:35:42,500 Artillery, gas, not eating, 685 00:35:42,567 --> 00:35:44,235 and if you're advancing into gas, 686 00:35:44,302 --> 00:35:46,271 you've got your gas mask on. 687 00:35:46,337 --> 00:35:49,474 The war wasn't over at that point by any means. 688 00:35:49,541 --> 00:35:52,277 But it was absolutely a crucial turning point. 689 00:35:53,845 --> 00:35:57,182 The Germans never are able to make another 690 00:35:57,248 --> 00:35:59,751 large scale impact on the frontlines. 691 00:36:01,653 --> 00:36:04,956 The Americans begin to chip away and eventually 692 00:36:05,023 --> 00:36:07,258 break through pretty spectacularly 693 00:36:07,325 --> 00:36:08,693 in the fall of 1918. 694 00:36:10,929 --> 00:36:14,666 Among the 3000 Yankee division soldiers killed and wounded 695 00:36:14,666 --> 00:36:19,771 in July 1918 are several whose names Jeff Gusky and his team 696 00:36:19,838 --> 00:36:23,408 have come to know from the Chemin Des Dames quarry. 697 00:36:23,475 --> 00:36:26,778 Oh, yes, this is a guy from Maine. 698 00:36:26,845 --> 00:36:28,480 Leroy Hoskins. 699 00:36:28,546 --> 00:36:29,714 Oh my gosh. 700 00:36:29,781 --> 00:36:31,850 What's so important about Hoskins? 701 00:36:31,916 --> 00:36:35,753 So you know how we talk about family connections? 702 00:36:35,820 --> 00:36:41,793 There were three Haskins in Company F 103, all from Milo. 703 00:36:41,860 --> 00:36:43,094 Two of them were brothers. 704 00:36:43,161 --> 00:36:46,431 Leroy was their nephew. 705 00:36:46,498 --> 00:36:51,536 And Leroy was wounded in action severely. 706 00:36:51,603 --> 00:36:53,138 It's strange but in a small town, 707 00:36:53,204 --> 00:36:54,939 he had two uncles named Hoskins also 708 00:36:55,006 --> 00:36:57,976 who were also enlisted at approximately the same time. 709 00:36:58,042 --> 00:37:00,745 One of which was killed in the war. 710 00:37:00,812 --> 00:37:03,281 And of course, one of them, my grandfather, was wounded. 711 00:37:03,348 --> 00:37:05,884 So two out of three in one family is quite a number 712 00:37:05,950 --> 00:37:07,652 when you look at the town of Milo which only had 713 00:37:07,652 --> 00:37:09,387 2000 people at the time. 714 00:37:09,454 --> 00:37:13,091 Harold Lombard with the automatic rifle squad 715 00:37:13,158 --> 00:37:15,226 is one of the lucky ones. 716 00:37:15,293 --> 00:37:17,061 He made it through the war unscathed, 717 00:37:17,128 --> 00:37:19,764 returned home and started a family. 718 00:37:23,701 --> 00:37:27,439 On a quiet street in Springfield, Vermont, 719 00:37:27,505 --> 00:37:31,376 Jeff Gusky manages to track down two of this three sons, 720 00:37:31,443 --> 00:37:33,912 David and Harold Lombard Jr. 721 00:37:33,978 --> 00:37:35,980 -Hello. -Well, Jeff Gusky. 722 00:37:36,047 --> 00:37:37,382 At last we meet. 723 00:37:37,449 --> 00:37:39,083 -Pleasure. -Hurray. 724 00:37:39,150 --> 00:37:41,085 -It's a pleasure. -Dave Lombard. 725 00:37:41,152 --> 00:37:43,521 -Good to meet you. -It's a pleasure. 726 00:37:43,588 --> 00:37:46,391 Harold, Dave, I have something to show you 727 00:37:46,458 --> 00:37:48,159 that you probably never knew existed. 728 00:37:49,727 --> 00:37:56,167 A photograph of an inscription that your dad wrote in 1918. 729 00:37:58,169 --> 00:37:59,504 And this came from where? 730 00:37:59,637 --> 00:38:03,141 This is an underground city. It was a quarry 731 00:38:03,208 --> 00:38:04,776 prior to World War 1. 732 00:38:04,843 --> 00:38:07,846 Going back to the middle ages. 733 00:38:07,912 --> 00:38:09,214 How does it make you feel? 734 00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:12,550 It... I'm... it makes me feel 735 00:38:12,650 --> 00:38:15,987 I'm with my father right there. 736 00:38:16,054 --> 00:38:17,322 That means a lot. 737 00:38:17,388 --> 00:38:20,992 No, it really means a lot. 738 00:38:21,059 --> 00:38:24,696 And it's wonderful of you to bring these pictures. 739 00:38:24,762 --> 00:38:25,997 It's an honor. 740 00:38:26,064 --> 00:38:29,334 That's the brothers, right next to each other 741 00:38:29,400 --> 00:38:31,269 on the wall there. 742 00:38:32,203 --> 00:38:34,372 Besides his brother Francis, 743 00:38:34,439 --> 00:38:39,444 Harold had with him another constant companion. 744 00:38:39,511 --> 00:38:43,081 A New Testament, a pocket version that he carried 745 00:38:43,148 --> 00:38:46,084 in his pocket all through the war. 746 00:38:46,151 --> 00:38:48,253 On the leading flyleafs, 747 00:38:48,319 --> 00:38:50,054 he's listed right there 748 00:38:50,121 --> 00:38:52,757 are all the battles that they fought in, I believe. 749 00:38:52,824 --> 00:38:54,058 And on here... 750 00:38:54,125 --> 00:38:57,228 Today's been a day I will never forget. 751 00:38:57,295 --> 00:38:59,631 I held a Bible that was in the pocket 752 00:38:59,664 --> 00:39:04,469 of this gentleman's father when he wrote his inscription 753 00:39:04,536 --> 00:39:07,238 almost 100 years ago. 754 00:39:07,305 --> 00:39:09,874 I was there last Thursday underground 755 00:39:09,941 --> 00:39:13,244 in France in front of the inscription 756 00:39:13,311 --> 00:39:15,079 just where he would have been. 757 00:39:15,146 --> 00:39:19,117 The only inscription with an exclamation point afterwards 758 00:39:19,184 --> 00:39:21,386 is the one that says, "Home!" 759 00:39:21,453 --> 00:39:23,922 And I can imagine what a wonderful scene 760 00:39:23,988 --> 00:39:26,558 that must have been 761 00:39:26,658 --> 00:39:28,860 and how grateful his parents were 762 00:39:28,927 --> 00:39:31,663 and how glad they were to see Harold 763 00:39:31,696 --> 00:39:33,665 and his brother Francis finally come home 764 00:39:33,665 --> 00:39:36,501 from the awful, awful war. 765 00:39:40,572 --> 00:39:42,073 -Jeff, welcome to Maine! -Jonathan. 766 00:39:42,140 --> 00:39:44,109 -Great to see you again, man. -Good to see you again. 767 00:39:44,175 --> 00:39:45,443 Come on in. 768 00:39:45,510 --> 00:39:47,812 At the Military Historical Society Museum 769 00:39:47,879 --> 00:39:51,216 in Augusta Main, with the help of Lieutenant Jonathan Bratten, 770 00:39:51,282 --> 00:39:55,053 past and present are about to converge again. 771 00:39:55,120 --> 00:39:56,754 I've got something for you. 772 00:39:56,821 --> 00:39:57,922 Great. 773 00:39:57,989 --> 00:39:59,290 This was left by your grandfather 774 00:39:59,357 --> 00:40:02,293 almost 100 years ago underground 775 00:40:02,360 --> 00:40:04,062 beneath a farm field in France 776 00:40:04,129 --> 00:40:07,665 where he was for about six week during World War 1. 777 00:40:07,732 --> 00:40:11,136 Corporal Leroy Hoskins, Company F. 778 00:40:11,202 --> 00:40:16,307 Can you picture him with his bayonet carving into the stone. 779 00:40:16,374 --> 00:40:18,943 He was a pretty detailed guy, so yes I can. 780 00:40:19,010 --> 00:40:20,512 [laughing] 781 00:40:20,645 --> 00:40:22,247 He'd want to make sure everything was just right 782 00:40:22,313 --> 00:40:23,314 so people would know he was there. 783 00:40:23,381 --> 00:40:24,649 Yeah. 784 00:40:24,682 --> 00:40:26,785 There's no question about that. 785 00:40:26,851 --> 00:40:29,320 This is a photo of my grandfather 786 00:40:29,387 --> 00:40:30,855 right after the war. 787 00:40:30,922 --> 00:40:33,191 He was smart enough to marry this lady right here 788 00:40:33,258 --> 00:40:35,193 who was my grandmother. 789 00:40:35,260 --> 00:40:38,129 I found out personal stories 790 00:40:38,196 --> 00:40:42,066 that are so human. 791 00:40:42,133 --> 00:40:43,902 For example, one young man 792 00:40:43,968 --> 00:40:47,138 signed his name in a very particular way. 793 00:40:47,205 --> 00:40:49,674 February 14th, 1918. 794 00:40:49,674 --> 00:40:52,510 George Louis Currier. 795 00:40:52,610 --> 00:40:54,412 Yeah, that's his writing. 796 00:40:54,479 --> 00:40:56,247 [laughing] 797 00:40:56,314 --> 00:40:57,615 -You recognize it? -Yes, it is. 798 00:40:57,682 --> 00:41:00,952 Because I can tell by the Gs in his name. 799 00:41:02,821 --> 00:41:05,323 As a matter of fact, it's really funny because 800 00:41:05,390 --> 00:41:08,393 when I print, I print just like that. 801 00:41:08,460 --> 00:41:12,197 It's like a shipwrecked person who wants someone 802 00:41:12,263 --> 00:41:13,698 to know that they once lived, 803 00:41:13,765 --> 00:41:16,101 and so they put a note in a bottle, 804 00:41:16,167 --> 00:41:19,904 and decades after that shipwrecked person is gone 805 00:41:19,971 --> 00:41:21,906 from this earth, it washes up on shore 806 00:41:21,973 --> 00:41:23,675 and someone finds it. 807 00:41:25,176 --> 00:41:29,514 But one set of inscriptions is still unaccounted for. 808 00:41:29,647 --> 00:41:33,318 Those mysterious American Indian carvings. 809 00:41:33,384 --> 00:41:35,920 Are they from the Passamaquoddy? 810 00:41:35,987 --> 00:41:37,856 Or someone else? 811 00:41:41,484 --> 00:41:44,454 North of Verdun in France, 812 00:41:44,521 --> 00:41:46,756 Jeff Gusky follows a trench line 813 00:41:46,823 --> 00:41:50,193 where Yankee division fought its final bloody campaign 814 00:41:50,260 --> 00:41:51,728 of World War 1. 815 00:41:53,163 --> 00:41:54,798 In the Meuse Argonne region, 816 00:41:54,864 --> 00:41:58,768 1.2 million American troops, the largest number of the war, 817 00:41:58,835 --> 00:42:02,672 attack as the allies push the German to surrender. 818 00:42:04,608 --> 00:42:09,646 The Meuse Argonne offensive October, November 1918 819 00:42:09,713 --> 00:42:13,316 is the deadliest or costliest military campaign 820 00:42:13,383 --> 00:42:15,552 in American history. 821 00:42:15,619 --> 00:42:18,255 The casualties are just enormous. 822 00:42:18,321 --> 00:42:21,858 We lost to both combat and disease 823 00:42:21,925 --> 00:42:23,827 over 125,000 men. 824 00:42:31,301 --> 00:42:33,603 Jeff's drawn here by one unit: 825 00:42:33,670 --> 00:42:36,906 the Passamaquoddy Indian squad. 826 00:42:36,973 --> 00:42:39,476 He's looking for evidence that might connect them 827 00:42:39,542 --> 00:42:43,913 to elusive symbols carved in the cavern walls. 828 00:42:43,980 --> 00:42:47,284 In the final days of the war, the squad is attacking 829 00:42:47,350 --> 00:42:50,720 German strongpoints like this. 830 00:42:50,787 --> 00:42:55,492 I feel like I'm walking on almost sacred ground. 831 00:43:00,063 --> 00:43:04,034 The last full day of the war, November 10th, 1918, 832 00:43:04,167 --> 00:43:07,337 the American Yankee division were in the midst of 833 00:43:07,404 --> 00:43:09,406 a violent battle, right here. 834 00:43:09,472 --> 00:43:12,842 Pushing the Germans back. 835 00:43:12,909 --> 00:43:17,047 Among them is the Passamaquoddy chief's son, 836 00:43:17,180 --> 00:43:18,581 Moses Neptune. 837 00:43:20,650 --> 00:43:23,954 I found this letter written by Moses Neptune 838 00:43:24,020 --> 00:43:26,990 talking about the war and how everybody's going to church 839 00:43:27,057 --> 00:43:31,194 and how he's sending most of his money 840 00:43:31,227 --> 00:43:32,829 to his parents. 841 00:43:32,896 --> 00:43:34,297 School children and all who help. 842 00:43:34,364 --> 00:43:36,833 I have sent $20 to you and hope you will get it. 843 00:43:36,900 --> 00:43:39,002 I'm going to send $5 to my brother Joe. 844 00:43:39,135 --> 00:43:41,905 All the boys have gone to hospital with the flu. 845 00:43:41,972 --> 00:43:45,308 Only George Stevens and I stayed with the company. 846 00:43:45,375 --> 00:43:46,343 Lots of love..." 847 00:43:46,409 --> 00:43:48,211 The family received that letter 848 00:43:48,278 --> 00:43:51,381 two weeks after they were notified by the military 849 00:43:51,448 --> 00:43:53,883 that their son died. 850 00:43:53,950 --> 00:43:57,420 He was destined to be the traditional chief, 851 00:43:57,487 --> 00:44:00,457 and perhaps he joined the military 852 00:44:00,523 --> 00:44:06,229 to go get some worldly experience. 853 00:44:06,296 --> 00:44:08,031 I'm not sure. 854 00:44:08,164 --> 00:44:10,600 On the last full day of that war, 855 00:44:10,667 --> 00:44:13,903 he lost his life and we lost him. 856 00:44:13,970 --> 00:44:17,841 As a family, and as a nation, Passamaquoddy nation. 857 00:44:19,776 --> 00:44:22,812 Moses Neptune is among the last of the roughly 858 00:44:22,879 --> 00:44:27,183 10 million soldiers killed before World War 1 finally ends 859 00:44:27,250 --> 00:44:31,988 on November 11, 1918. 860 00:44:32,055 --> 00:44:35,191 The gunfire stopped, the killing was over. 861 00:44:35,225 --> 00:44:39,696 The terrible traumatic injuries would happen no more. 862 00:44:39,763 --> 00:44:43,800 But the scars of 100 years ago are still with us. 863 00:44:46,169 --> 00:44:48,972 Jeff Gusky knows the Passamaquoddy 864 00:44:49,039 --> 00:44:52,275 fought valiantly among these ruins. 865 00:44:52,342 --> 00:44:53,576 Look at this. 866 00:44:53,643 --> 00:44:56,179 But did Moses Neptune and his brothers 867 00:44:56,246 --> 00:44:58,815 carve these symbols? 868 00:44:58,882 --> 00:45:01,151 It's a mystery that's been waiting to be solved 869 00:45:01,184 --> 00:45:02,786 for 100 years. 870 00:45:06,189 --> 00:45:08,758 I was able to go into the caves in France. 871 00:45:08,825 --> 00:45:11,261 When you get down there, there's just carvings 872 00:45:11,328 --> 00:45:13,163 all over the walls. 873 00:45:13,196 --> 00:45:15,732 Military Historian Jonathan Bratten 874 00:45:15,799 --> 00:45:18,301 has come to find out if Jeff's photos contain 875 00:45:18,368 --> 00:45:21,671 details only a Passamaquoddy tribal member 876 00:45:21,738 --> 00:45:23,406 can identify. 877 00:45:23,473 --> 00:45:24,874 And is this type of headdress... 878 00:45:24,941 --> 00:45:28,178 At the time period, this would be the type of headdress. 879 00:45:28,178 --> 00:45:32,048 Our traditional headdress is shaped a little bit different, 880 00:45:32,182 --> 00:45:35,619 but in the late 1800s, a lot of men 881 00:45:35,685 --> 00:45:37,387 joined the Wild West show 882 00:45:37,454 --> 00:45:41,458 and they came back with these Sioux head bonnets. 883 00:45:41,524 --> 00:45:43,260 Wow. 884 00:45:43,326 --> 00:45:44,594 You can see the profile. 885 00:45:44,661 --> 00:45:46,963 To me it looks like one of the soldiers. 886 00:45:47,030 --> 00:45:50,133 And then he's got the headdress sort of radiating out. 887 00:45:50,166 --> 00:45:51,768 Yeah. 888 00:45:51,835 --> 00:45:54,170 If I saw this earlier, I could've showed you 889 00:45:54,237 --> 00:45:57,607 some paintings of the exact same thing. 890 00:45:57,674 --> 00:46:00,510 We have lines radiating out of them 891 00:46:00,577 --> 00:46:02,779 to show the spiritual connection. 892 00:46:05,248 --> 00:46:07,984 But it's this image of a simple object 893 00:46:08,051 --> 00:46:11,421 which turns out to conceal hidden meaning. 894 00:46:11,488 --> 00:46:13,256 Can you see the outline? 895 00:46:13,323 --> 00:46:14,858 Do you think it's a canoe? 896 00:46:14,925 --> 00:46:16,626 Oh! Oh, yeah, yeah. 897 00:46:16,693 --> 00:46:21,598 I was focusing on those symbols. 898 00:46:21,665 --> 00:46:24,701 The crucial clue is invisible to anyone 899 00:46:24,768 --> 00:46:26,336 who's not Passamaquoddy. 900 00:46:26,403 --> 00:46:29,606 I don't know if you see that, but you can see 901 00:46:29,673 --> 00:46:32,042 it's almost like a German swastika? 902 00:46:32,175 --> 00:46:35,245 For us, it's been a cultural symbol 903 00:46:35,312 --> 00:46:37,847 for 1000s and 1000s of years, and 904 00:46:37,914 --> 00:46:39,883 it means peace and friendship. 905 00:46:39,950 --> 00:46:42,118 The images of a culture 906 00:46:42,185 --> 00:46:46,289 are important than an individual's initials or names. 907 00:46:46,356 --> 00:46:47,290 Yeah. 908 00:46:47,357 --> 00:46:48,725 Yeah, these are powerful. 909 00:46:48,792 --> 00:46:52,862 Powerful symbols that they were there. 910 00:46:54,798 --> 00:46:58,335 Finally, the connection Jeff Gusky and his team 911 00:46:58,401 --> 00:47:01,204 have been searching for. 912 00:47:04,374 --> 00:47:05,842 [drumming] 913 00:47:07,644 --> 00:47:10,013 [chanting] 914 00:47:10,146 --> 00:47:13,016 Thanks in part to Jeff Gusky's images, 915 00:47:13,149 --> 00:47:15,852 the courage shown by the Passamaquoddy soldiers 916 00:47:15,919 --> 00:47:19,322 who carved them is finally being recognized. 917 00:47:21,658 --> 00:47:25,428 In July 2016 at the community hall, 918 00:47:25,495 --> 00:47:30,166 some 300 tribal members gather for a special ceremony. 919 00:47:30,233 --> 00:47:35,205 Many are veterans, proudly wearing their uniforms. 920 00:47:35,272 --> 00:47:37,574 Passamaquoddy people have been involved 921 00:47:37,641 --> 00:47:42,545 in wars since time immemorial protecting our homeland. 922 00:47:42,612 --> 00:47:47,117 Today we will be honoring Samuel Dana, George Stevens Sr., 923 00:47:47,183 --> 00:47:50,687 Moses Neptune, Henry Sockbeson, 924 00:47:50,754 --> 00:47:53,790 David Sopiel, and Charles Lola. 925 00:47:53,857 --> 00:47:56,426 [chanting, drumming] 926 00:47:59,930 --> 00:48:02,565 During World War 1, when the soldiers 927 00:48:02,632 --> 00:48:04,000 were wounded or killed, 928 00:48:04,134 --> 00:48:06,736 they didn't receive the recognition 929 00:48:06,803 --> 00:48:08,838 that other soldiers received 930 00:48:08,905 --> 00:48:10,907 because they weren't citizens. 931 00:48:12,876 --> 00:48:15,378 Almost 100 years later, 932 00:48:15,445 --> 00:48:18,748 that wrong is finally being put right. 933 00:48:18,815 --> 00:48:22,719 Medals will be presented by Lieutenant Bratten 934 00:48:22,786 --> 00:48:25,155 and Linda Allen. 935 00:48:25,155 --> 00:48:28,558 The families of the six Passamaquoddy soldiers 936 00:48:28,625 --> 00:48:29,926 wounded or killed in action 937 00:48:29,993 --> 00:48:31,795 while fighting with Yankee division 938 00:48:31,861 --> 00:48:33,964 are receiving the honors denied to them 939 00:48:34,030 --> 00:48:35,532 during their lifetime. 940 00:48:35,599 --> 00:48:37,634 On behalf of the Maine Army National Guard, 941 00:48:37,701 --> 00:48:39,402 and the bureau of Veteran Services, 942 00:48:39,469 --> 00:48:42,238 we present the gold star honorable service medal 943 00:48:42,305 --> 00:48:44,407 to the family of Moses W. Neptune. 944 00:48:44,474 --> 00:48:48,612 Moses was the son of the tribal chief William Neptune. 945 00:48:48,678 --> 00:48:51,381 So let it not be said that the Passamaquoddy did not 946 00:48:51,448 --> 00:48:54,451 send their best to war in defense of their nation, 947 00:48:54,517 --> 00:48:55,885 and their country. 948 00:48:55,952 --> 00:48:57,887 To come face to face with their family members 949 00:48:57,954 --> 00:49:00,123 after seeing what they've done in France, 950 00:49:00,190 --> 00:49:02,826 you can't put it into words the type of 951 00:49:02,892 --> 00:49:04,227 feelings that you have. 952 00:49:04,294 --> 00:49:06,863 -Thank you. -Thank you. 953 00:49:06,930 --> 00:49:09,432 Your father, David T. Sopiel, 954 00:49:09,499 --> 00:49:12,836 was wounded outside the woods of Ypres, France, 955 00:49:12,902 --> 00:49:15,171 on July 22nd, 1918. 956 00:49:15,238 --> 00:49:17,540 His actions were critical in winning the battle 957 00:49:17,607 --> 00:49:20,143 of Chateau-Thierry. 958 00:49:20,176 --> 00:49:22,912 I think when they carved their names and their 959 00:49:22,979 --> 00:49:24,848 symbols of their culture and heritage 960 00:49:24,914 --> 00:49:26,950 on the walls at the Chemin Des Dames, 961 00:49:27,017 --> 00:49:28,952 it was asking to remember us. 962 00:49:29,019 --> 00:49:32,355 And I think that's what we're doing now, 963 00:49:32,422 --> 00:49:34,391 and it's what we must continue to do in the future. 964 00:49:36,459 --> 00:49:40,997 For the tribe, it's completing the circle. 965 00:49:41,097 --> 00:49:45,802 The circle that we know, things will be right eventually. 966 00:49:45,869 --> 00:49:48,939 Even for the warriors of World War 1. 967 00:49:49,005 --> 00:49:50,874 [drumming, chanting] 968 00:50:02,652 --> 00:50:04,888 Far from the celebrations, 969 00:50:04,955 --> 00:50:08,124 Jeff Gusky can still feel proud. 970 00:50:08,158 --> 00:50:10,961 His photographs have helped bring 971 00:50:11,027 --> 00:50:12,562 an ancient injustice to light. 972 00:50:14,731 --> 00:50:17,434 It spurs him to continue. 973 00:50:19,869 --> 00:50:21,838 These young men who wrote their names 974 00:50:21,905 --> 00:50:23,907 on the walls of the Underground Cities 975 00:50:23,974 --> 00:50:26,142 almost 100 years ago have family members 976 00:50:26,209 --> 00:50:27,644 that are still alive. 977 00:50:27,711 --> 00:50:33,250 And I realize now that the work is just beginning. 978 00:50:33,316 --> 00:50:34,985 It's important to realize that 979 00:50:35,051 --> 00:50:38,388 great historical events are not fought by masses. 980 00:50:38,455 --> 00:50:40,690 They're fought by individuals. 981 00:50:40,757 --> 00:50:42,826 And the stories of every individual is what 982 00:50:42,892 --> 00:50:44,894 makes up that story. 983 00:50:44,961 --> 00:50:47,230 This is so beautiful. 984 00:50:47,297 --> 00:50:49,165 Looks like a guy from New Hampshire. 985 00:50:52,669 --> 00:50:55,905 There are hundreds of stories left to be told.